भारत की नदियाँ और नदियों के उद्द्गम...

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Mufti Mohammad - Rs 90000

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Chhow,Maghe and Durga Dance Bihar

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List of Nobel Prize Winners 2014

Physics: Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano, Shuji Nakamura

Chemistry: Eric Betzig, Stefan W. Hell, William E. Moerner

Physiology or Medicine: John OKeefe, May-Britt Monser and

Edvard I. Monser

Literature: Patrick Modiano

Peace: Kailash Satyarthi and Malala Yousafzai

Economic Sciences in Memory: Jean Tirole

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Cups and Trophies

American Cup : Yacht Racing

Ashes : Cricket

Benson and Hedges : Cricket

Canada Cup : Golf

Colombo Cup : Football

Corbitton Cup : Table Tennis (Women)

Davis Cup : Lawn Tennis

Derby : Horse Race

Grand National : Horse Streple Chase Race

Jules Rimet Trophy : World Soccer Cup

Kings Cup : Air Races

Merdeka Cup : Football

Rydet Cup : Golf

Swaythling Cup : Table Tennis (Men)

Thomas Cup : Badminton

U. Thant Cup : Tennis

Uber Cup : Badminton (Women)

Walker Cup : Golf

Westchester Cup : Polo

Wightman Cup : Lawn Tennis

World Cup : Cricket

World Cup : Hockey

Reliance Cup : Cricket

Rothmans Trophy : Cricket

Williams Cup : Basketball

European Champions Cup : Football

Eisenhower Cup : Golf

Essande Champions Cup : Hockey

Rene Frank Trophy : Hockey

Grand Prix : Table Tennis

Edgbaston Cup : Lawn Tennis

Grand Prix : Lawn Tennis

World Cup : Weight-lifting

Agarwal Cup : Badminton

Agha Khan Cup : Hockey

Bandodkar Trophy : Football

Bangalore Blues Challenge Cup : Basketball

Barna-Bellack Cup : Table Tennis

Beighton Cup : Hockey

Bombay Gold Cup : Hockey

Burdwan Trophy : Weight-lifting

Charminar Trophy : Athletics

Chadha Cup : Badminton

C. K. Naydu Trophy : Cricket

Chakoia Gold Trophy : Football

Divan Cup : Badminton

Deodhar Trophy : Cricket

Duleep Trophy : Cricket

D. C. M. Cup : Football

Durand Cup : Football

Dhyan Chand Trophy : Hockey

Dr. B. C. Roy Trophy : Football (Junior)

Ezra Cup : Polo

F. A. Cup : Football

G. D. Birla Trophy : Cricket

Ghulam Ahmed Trophy : Cricket

Gurmeet Trophy : Hockey

Gura Nanak Cup : Hockey

Gyanuati Devi Trophy : Hockey

Holkar Trophy : Bridge

lrani Trophy : Cricket

I. F. A. Shield : Football

lndira Gold Cup : Hockey

Jawaharlal Challenge : Air Racing

Jaswant Singh Trophy : Best Services Sportsman

Kuppuswamy Naidu Trophy : Hockey

Lady Rattan Tata Trophy : Hockey

MCC Trophy : Hockey

Moinuddaula Gold Cup : Cricket

Murugappa Gold Cup : Hockey

Modi Gold Cup : Hockey

Narang Cup : Badminton

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Indian States and It's Capital

**************************************************************

1. Arunachal Pradesh - Itanagar

2. Bihar - Patna

3. Andaman and Nicobar Islands - Port Blair

4. Chandigarh - Chandigarh

5. Andhra Pradesh - Vijayawada

6. Chhattisgarh - Raipur

7. Dadra and Nagar Haveli - Silvassa

8. National Capital Territory of Delhi - Delhi

9. Haryana - Chandigarh

10. Gujarat - Gandhinagar

11. Himachal Pradesh - Shimla

12. Goa - Panaji

13. Jharkhand - Ranchi

14. Jammu and Kashmir - Srinagar and Jammu

15. Karnataka - Bengaluru

16. Kerala - Thiruvananthapuram

17. Madhya Pradesh - Bhopal

18. Maharashtra - Mumbai

19. Manipur - Imphal

20. Nagaland - Kohima

21. Punjab - Chandigarh

22. Orissa - Bhubaneswar

23. Pondicherry - Pondicherry

24. Rajasthan - Jaipur

25. Tamil Nadu - Chennai

26. Sikkim - Gangtok

27. Mizoram - Aizawl

28. Meghalaya - Shillong

29. Assam - Dispur

30. West Bengal - Kolkata

31. Telangana - Hyderabad

32. Tripura - Agartala

33. Uttar Pradesh - Lucknow

34. Uttarakhand - Dehradun

35. Lakshadweep - Kavaratti

36. Daman and Diu Daman

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2. ([) 27 , 1964 9 , 1964 |

3. 9 , 1964 11 , 1966 |

4. ([) 11 , 1966 24 , 1966 |

5. 24 , 1966 24 [, 1977 |

6. 24 , 1977 28 , 1979 |

7. 28 1979 14 , 1980 |

8. 14 1980 31 , 1984 |

9. 31 , 1984 |

10. . 2 , 1989 10 , 1990 |

11. 10 , 1990 21 , 1991 |

12. . . 21 , 1991 15 , 1996 |

13. 16 , 1996 1 1996 |

14. . . 1 , 1996 12 , 1997 |

15. . 12 , 1997 19 [, 1997 |

16. 19 [, 1998 17 , 1999 ,

([) 17 , 1999 13 , 1999 |

17. 13 , 1999 22 2004 |

18. . 22 2004 22 2014 |

19. 22 2014 |

COMPUTER QUIZ

1. A technique used by codes to convert an analog signal into a digital bit stream is known as

A. Pulse code modulation

B. Pulse stretcher

C. Query processing

D. Queue management

E. None of the above

Answer: Option A

2. An optical input device that interprets pencil marks on paper media is

A. O.M.R

B. Punch card reader

C. Optical scanners

D. Magnetic tape


Answer: Option A

3. Most important advantage of an IC is its

A. Easy replacement in case of circuit failure

B. Extremely high reliability

C. Reduced cost

D. Low power consumption


Answer: Option B

4. Data division is the third division of a _____ program.

A. COBOL

B. BASIC

C. PASCAL

D. FORTH


Answer: Option A

5. Which language was devised by Dr. Seymour Aubrey Papert?

A. APL

B. COBOL

C. LOGO

D. FORTRAN


Answer: Option C

6. A program that converts computer data into some code system other than the normal one is known as

A. Encoder

B. Simulation

C. Emulator

D. Coding


Answer: Option A

7. A device designed to read information encoded into a small plastic card is

A. Magnetic tape

B. Badge reader

C. Tape puncher

D. Card puncher


Answer: Option B

8. A hybrid computer uses a _____ to convert digital signals from a computer into analog signals.

A. Modulator

B. Demodulator

C. Modem

D. Decoder


Answer: Option C

9. A group of magnetic tapes, videos or terminals usually under the control of one master is

A. Cylinder

B. Cluster

C. Surface

D. Track


Answer: Option B

10. Any device that performs signal conversion is

A. Modulator

B. Modem

C. Keyboard

D. Plotter


Answer: Option A

Dear Aspirants,

Books and Authors is the most important thing in all kind of competitive exams (mainly Bank exams). Here is the complete list of Month wise Books and Authors from January 2014 to January 2015. We Hope it will definitely help you for your upcoming Exams.

January 2015

Neither a Hawk nor a Dove -- Khurshid Mahmood Kasuri

Farishta -- Kapil Isapuri

The Red Sari -- Javier Moro

Madhorubhagan -- Perumal Murugan

The Indian Parliament A Critical Appraisal -- Sudha Pai and Avinash Kumar

December 2014

An Odyssey in Tibet a Pilgrimage to Kailash Mansarovar -- Shri Tarun Vijay (MP)

Why I Assassinated Gandhi -- Nathuram Vinayak Godse and Gopal Vinayak Godse

Born Again on the Mountain: A Story of Losing Everything and

Finding I -- Arunima Sinha

The Dramatic Decade: The Indira Gandhi Years -- Pranab Mukherjee

Dramatic Decade: The Indira Gandhi Years -- Pranab Mukherjee (Panned)

November 2014

Prince of Gujarat: The Extraordinary Story of Prince Gopaldas

Desai -- Rajmohan Gandhi

Black Tornado: The Three Sieges of Mumbai 26/11 -- Sandeep Unnithan

2014 : The Election That Changed India -- Rajdeep Sardesai

My name is Abu Salem -- S Hussain Zaidi

Your Dreams Are Mine Now -- Ravinder Singh

When God is a Traveller -- Arundhathi Subramaniam

Playing it my way -- Sachin Tendulkar

October 2014

Next ChinaIndia War Worlds First Water War 2029 -- Sundararajan Padmanabhan

Letters for a Nation -- Jawaharlal Nehru (Author), Madhav Khosla (Ed.) (Author)

Nehru Gazing at Tomorrow -- H R Bharadwaj

Worthy Fights : A memoir of leadership in war and peace -- Leon E Panetta

Iqbal: The Life of a Poet, Philosopher and Politician -- Zafar Anjum

Not Just an Accountant -- Vinod Rai

Half Girlfriend -- Chetan Bhagat

Dark Star: The Loneliness of Being Rajesh Khanna -- Gautam Chintamani

Final Test: Exit Sachin Tendulkar -- Dilip DSouza

Untold Story of the Indian Public Sector -- Dr U D Choubey

Worthy Fights: A Memoir of Leadership in War and Peace -- Leon Panetta and Jim Newton

Syntheism: Creating God in The Internet Age -- Alexander Bard

Nehru and Bose: Parallel Lives -- Rudrangshu Mukherjee

September 2014

50 years of man in space -- Brian May and David J Eicher

Grandmaster Repertoire -1e4 vs The French, Caro-Bar and

Philidor -- Parimarjan Negi

Wolf in White Van -- John Darnielle

The Children Act -- Ian McEwan

A man and the Motorcycle -- Bette Dam

And then one day -- Nasiruddin Shah

Iqbal ka harfe sheerin -- Abdul Haq

Odyssey of My Life -- Shivraj Patil

August 2014

The Truth Always Prevails: A Memoir -- Sadruddin Hashwani

The Gods of Antarctica -- Yashwardhan Shukla

Assasination of Rajeev Gandhi : an Inside Job -- Faraz Ahmad

Strictly Personal : Manmohan and Gursharan -- Daman Singh

Passion Flower : Seven Stories of Derangement -- Cyrus Mistry

Gujarats Success Story in Water Management -- Sriram Vedire

Munger through the Ages -- Devendra Prasad Yadav

July 2014

Modi : Incredible Emergence of a Star --Tarun Vijay

One Life is Not Enough -- Natwar Singh

Vijay Mallya -- K. Giri Prakash

Coffee-Table -- K. Giri Prakash

June 2014

Blood Feud : Obama Vs Clinton -- Edward Klein

The Silkworm -- Robert Galbraith (written by J. K. Rowling)

Green Poems -- Gulzar

Indigo Rebellion -- Ananda Bhattacharya

The Substance and the Shadow -- Dilip Kumar

Lesson in Leadership -- Lal Bahdur Shastri

Hard Choices -- Hillary Rodham Clinton

May 2014

A Stamp is Born -- C R Pakrashi

How Neighbours Converge: The Politics and Economics of

Regionalism -- I P Khosla

India Junction : A Window to the Nation -- Arunendra Kumar

Post Haste: Quintessential India -- B G Verghese

Subalternity Exclusion and Social Change in India -- Ashok K.

Panday & Ajit K. Pandey

The Americans : A Novel -- Chitra Viraraghavan

Redesigning the Aeroplane while Flying : Reforming Institution --

Arun Maira

The Marwaris: From Jagat Seth to the Birlas -- Thomas A.

Timberg

Lives of Others -- Neel Mukherjee

April 2014

Prem nam hai Mera -- Rakita Nanda

Anticipating India:The Best of National Interest -- Shekhar Gupta

An undocumented Wonder- the Making of the Great Indian

Election -- Dr S Y Quraishi

Chronicle of a Corpse Bearer -- Cyrus Mistry

To Dad with Love -- Sunaina Roshan

Arctic Summer -- Damon Galgut

Prem Tirth -- Narendra Modi

The Past as Present : Forging Contemporary Identities Through

History -- Romila Thapar

Crusader or Conspirator? Coalgate and other Truths -- P C

Parakh

Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw : The Man and His Times -- Behram M Panthaki & Zenobia Panthaki

The Accidental Prime Minister : The Making and Unmaking of Manmohan Singh -- Sanjay Baru

March 2014

Ambedkar: Awakening Indias Social Conscience -- Dr. Narendra Jadhav

The Himalayan Face-Off -- Shishir Gupta

India at Risk -- Jaswant Singh

Rationalised Roman for Kashmiri -- Dr. R L Bhat

Sunrise in Slums -- Dr. Ravindra Nath Shrivastava Rajhans

The Sahara Testaments -- Tade Ipadeola

The Political Economy of Energy and Growth -- Najeeb Jung

Why India Votes -- Mukulika Bannerjee

Enoch : I am a British Indian -- Surendra Johua

Lal Bahadur Shastri: Lessons in Leadership -- Pavan Choudary

February 2014

Single Man : The Life and Times of Nitish Kumar of Bihar --

Sankarshan Thakur

Akbar the Aesthete -- Indu Anand

The Last Word -- Hanif Kureishi

Narendra Modi: A Political Biography -- Andy Marino

Public issues before parliament -- Vijay Darda

Reflections on Contemporary India -- Shekhar Dutt

ModiNomics: Inclusive Economics, Inclusive Governance --

Sameer Kochhar

Water, Peace and War Confronting the Global Water Crisis --

Brahma Chellaney

January 2014

Indias Political and Foreign Relation with the Gulf Region -- A K Pasha

Resurgent India: Glimpses of Rajiv Gandhis Vision of India -- P D T Acharya

Duties : Memories of a Secretary at War -- Robert Gates

Warrior State -- T V Paul

International Days

JANUARY

27 January

International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust

FEBRUARY

4 February

World Cancer Day

6 February

International Day of Zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation

13 February

World Radio Day

20 February

World Day of Social Justice

21 February

International Mother Language Day

MARCH

1 March

Zero Discrimination Day

3 March

World Wildlife Day

8 March

International Women's Day

20 March

International Day of Happiness

21 March

International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination

21 March

World Poetry Day

21 March

International Day of Nowruz

21 March

World Down Syndrome Day

21 March

International Day of Forests

22 March

World Water Day

23 March

World Meteorological Day

24 March

World Tuberculosis Day

24 March

International Day for the Right to the Truth concerning Gross Human Rights Violations and for the Dignity of Victims

25 March

International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade

25 March

International Day of Solidarity with Detained and Missing Staff Members

APRIL

2 April

World Autism Awareness Day

4 April

International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action

6 April

International Day of Sport for Development and Peace

7 April

Day of Remembrance of the Victims of the Rwanda Genocide

7 April

World Health Day

12 April

International Day of Human Space Flight

22 April

International Mother Earth Day

23 April

World Book and Copyright Day

23 April

English Language Day

25 April

World Malaria Day [WHO]

26 April

World Intellectual Property Day [WIPO]

28 April

World Day for Safety and Health at Work

29 April

Day of Remembrance for all Victims of Chemical Warfare

30 April

International Jazz Day

MAY

3 May

World Press Freedom Day

8-9 May

Time of Remembrance and Reconciliation for Those Who Lost Their Lives During the Second World War

10-11 May

World Migratory Bird Day

15 May

International Day of Families

17 May

World Telecommunication and Information Society Day

21 May

World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development

22 May

International Day for Biological Diversity

23 May

International Day to End Obstetric Fistula

29 May

International Day of UN Peacekeepers

31 May

World No-Tobacco Day

JUNE

1 June

Global Day of Parents

1 June

"Vesak", the Day of the Full Moon

4 June

International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression

5 June

World Environment Day

6 June

Russian Language Day at the UN (in Russian)

8 June

World Oceans Day

12 June

World Day Against Child Labour

14 June

World Blood Donor Day

15 June

World Elder Abuse Awareness Day

17 June

World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought

20 June

World Refugee Day

21 June

International Day of Yoga

23 June

United Nations Public Service Day

23 June

International Widows' Day

25 June

Day of the Seafarer

26 June

International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking

26 June

United Nations International Day in Support of Victims of Torture

26 June

International Albinism Awareness Day

JULY

4 July (first Saturday in July)

International Day of Cooperatives

11 July

World Population Day

15 July

World Youth Skills Day

18 July

Nelson Mandela International Day

28 July

World Hepatitis Day

30 July

International Day of Friendship

30 July

World Day against Trafficking in Persons

AUGUST

9 August

International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples

12 August

International Youth Day

19 August

World Humanitarian Day

23 August

International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and Its Abolition

29 August

International Day against Nuclear Tests

30 August

International Day of the Victims of Enforced Disappearances

SEPTEMBER

5 September

International Day of Charity

8 September

International Literacy Day

12 September

United Nations Day for South-South Cooperation

15 September

International Day of Democracy

16 September

International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer

21 September

International Day of Peace

25 September (last week of September)

World Maritime Day

26 September

International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons

27 September

World Tourism Day

OCTOBER

1 October

International Day of Older Persons

2 October

International Day of Non-Violence

5 October

World Teachers Day

5 October (first Monday in October)

World Habitat Day

9 October

World Post Day

11 October

International Day of the Girl Child

13 October

International Day for Disaster Reduction

15 October

International Day of Rural Women

16 October

World Food Day

17 October

International Day for the Eradication of Poverty

24 October

United Nations Day

24 October

World Development Information Day

27 October

World Day for Audiovisual Heritage

31 October

World Cities Day

NOVEMBER

2 November

International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists

6 November

International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed Conflict

10 November

World Science Day for Peace and Development

14 November

World Diabetes Day

15 November (third Sunday in November)

World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims

16 November

International Day for Tolerance

19 November

World Toilet Day

19 November (third Thursday in November)

World Philosophy Day

20 November

Africa Industrialization Day (A/RES/44/237)

20 November

Universal Childrens Day

21 November

World Television Day (A/RES/51/205)

25 November

International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women

29 November

International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People

DECEMBER

1 December

World AIDS Day

2 December

International Day for the Abolition of Slavery

3 December

International Day of Persons with Disabilities

5 December

International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development

5 December

World Soil Day

7 December

International Civil Aviation Day

9 December

International Anti-Corruption Day

10 December

Human Rights Day

11 December

International Mountain Day

18 December

International Migrants Day

20 December

International Human Solidarity Day

*

*

*

*

*

*

. .

*

*

*

*

*

-------------------------------------

[] [] {Updated }}

[1] --

[2] --

[3] -

[4]

[5]

[6] [ .

[7]

[8] --

[9] --

[10] - -

[11] -

[12] -

[13]

[14] -.

[15] arvindkejrival

[16] Lakshmikant parsekar.

[17] - - .

[18] - -

[19] -

[20] -

[21] O. Panneerselvam

[22] - - -

[23]

[24] -

[25] ,

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29] --

[30]

[31]

[

>>

===========

1. ?

:

1. Where is Railway Staff College

situated ?

Ans: Baroda

2. ?

: 1.676...

2. What is the width of Broad gauge

rail ?

Ans: 1.676

3. ?

: ( )

3. Which is the First Electric Train in

India ?

Ans: Deccan Queen (Kalyan Pune)

4. ( )

?

: 1991

4. When did Life Line Express (Jeevan

Rekha) Started ?

Ans: In 1991

5. [ [

[ ?

: 1995

5. Which year is declared as Year of

Rail Users by the Indian Railways ?

Ans: 1995

6. ?

: (

)

6. Which is the Longest Railway

Tunnel ?

Ans: Pir Panjal Railway Tunnel

(Banihal railway tunnel)

7. [

?

: [ (

)

7. Which is the Longest Railway

platform in the World ?

Ans: Gorakhpur station platform (UP)

8.

?

:

8. Which is the train running

between India and Bangladesh ?

Answer: Maitree Express

9. ?

: (

[)

9. Which are the states have no

Railway ?

Ans: Meghalaya and Sikkim (building

new railway lines)

10

() ?

:

10. Which is the Worlds oldest

working steam locomotive engine

(train) ?

Ans: Fairy Queen runs in India

11. ?

: 0.762

11. What is the width of Narrow

gauge rail ?

Ans: 0.762

12. ?

: Bilapur

12. Where is the Headquarters of

Konkan railway ?

Ans: Bilapur

13. ?

:

13. Which is the fastest train in

India ?

Ans: Shatabdi Express

14. [

?

: 1905

14. In which year Indian Railway

board established ?

Ans: 1905

15. ?

: [ (

[)

15. Which is the first Railway station

in India ?

Ans: Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus

(Victoria terminal)

16.

?

:

16. Who is the first Indian to present

Railway Budget ?

Ans: John Mathai

17. ?

: Matthai

17. Who is the first railway minister

in India ?

Ans: John Matthai

18. ?

: Benergy

18. Who is the first lady Railway

minister of India ?

Ans: Mamta Benergy

19.

?

:

19. Which is the highest railway

station in India ?

Ans: Ghum railway station

20.

?

: Vallarpadam ()

20. Which is the longest Railway

bridge in India ?

Ans: Vallarpadam Bridge (kerala)

21. ?

:

21. What is the slogan of Indian

Railway ?

Ans: lifeline of the nation

22. ?

: ( )

22. Where is the Museum of Indian

Railway situated?

Ans: Chanakyapuri (New Delhi)

COMPUTER QUIZ

[1] Linux is a_____

(1) Utility program for peer-to-peer file sharing

(2) Real-time operating system

(3) Network operating system

(4) PDA platform

(5) None of these

Ans - 2

[2] The_________ runs the front-end applications software in a network.

(1) Client

(2) Database

(3) Server

(4) CPU

(5) None of these

Ans - 1

[3] What is RISC?

(1) Storage Device

(2) Computer Network

(3) Microprocessor

(4) Operating System

(5) None of these

Ans - 3

[4] Device on one network can communicate with devices on another network via_______

(1) File Server

(2) Utility Server

(3) Printer Server

(4) Gateway

(5) None of these

Ans - 4

[5] A device that is used to transmit data from one location to another is known as ________

(1) Storage

(2) Memory

(3) Carrier

(4) All of the above

(5) None of these

Ans - 3

[6] What menu is selected to cut, copy and paste?

(1) File

(2) Tools

(3) Special

(4) Edit

(5) None of these

Ans - 4

[7] DSL is an example of a(n) ____________ connection.

(1) network

(2) wireless

(3) slow

(4) broadband

(5) none of these

Ans - 4

[8] Start or restart the computer known as _____________

(1) exit

(2) kick

(3) boot

(4) kick-start

(5) None of these

Ans - 3

[9] The first graphical web browser are?

(1) Gopher

(2) WAIS

(3) CERN

(4) Mosaic

(5)None of these

Ans - 4

[10] EDVAC stands for_______

(1) Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer

(2) Electronic Discrete Value Automatic Computer

(3) Electronic Device Variable Automatic Computer

(4) Electronic Discrete Variable Advanced Computer

(5) None of these

Ans 1

BUDGET IN PARLIAMENT

With the emergence of Welfare State, Governments have come to look after virtually every sphere of human life. They have to perform manifold functions from maintaining law and order, protecting their territories to implementation of plans for economic and social betterment. Besides, they provide a variety of social services like education, health, employment and housing to the people. Needless to say, Government require adequate resources to discharge these functions effectively. Where is this money to come from and who is to sanction the funds? The necessary funds are mobilised from the countrys resources by way of taxes both direct and indirect, loans both long-term

and short-term, to meet the Governmental expenditure. In India, the principal sources of revenue are customs and excise duties and Income-tax on individuals and companies.

Need for Budget

It is not as if the Government can tax, borrow and spend money the way it likes. Since there is a limit to the resources, the need for proper budgeting arises to allocate scarce resources to various Governmental activities. Every item of expenditure has to be well thought out and total outlay worked out for a specific period. Prudent spending is essential for the stability of a Government and proper earnings are a pre-requisite to wise spending. Hence, planned expenditure and accurate foresight of earnings are sine-qua-non of sound Governmental finance.

Parliamentary Control over Finance

Ours is a Parliamentary system of Government based on Westminster model. The Constitution has, therefore, vested the power over the purse in the hands of chosen representatives of the people thus sanctifying the principle no taxation without representation. Preparation of Budget for the approval of the Legislature is a Constitutional obligation of the Government both at the Centre and the State levels. Legislative prerogative over taxation, legislative control over expenditure and executive initiative in financial matters are some of the fundamental principles of the system of Parliamentary financial control.

There are specific provisions in the Constitution of India incorporating these tenets. For example, article 265 provides that no tax shall be levied or collected except by authority of law; no expenditure can be incurred except with the authorisation of the Legislature (article 266); and President shall, in respect of every financial year, cause to be laid before Parliament, Annual Financial Statement (article 112). These provisions of our Constitution make the Government accountable to Parliament.

The Budget

The Annual Financial Statement, laid before both the Houses of Parliament constitutes the Budget of the Union Government. This statement takes into account a period of one financial year. The financial year commences in India on 1st April each year. The statement embodies the estimated receipts and expenditure of the Government of India for the financial year.

Demands for Grants

The estimates of expenditure included in the Budget and required to be voted by Lok Sabha are in the form of Demands for Grants. These Demands are arranged Ministry-wise and a separate Demand for each of the major services is presented. Each Demand contains first a statement of the total grant and then a statement of the detailed estimate divided into items.

Railway Budget

The Budget of the Indian Railways is presented separately to Parliament and dealt with separately, although the receipts and expenditure of the Railways form part of the Consolidated Fund of India and the figures relating to them are included in the Annual Financial Statement.

Presentation

In India, the Budget is presented to Parliament on such date as is fixed by the President. The Budget speech of the Finance Minister is usually in two parts. Part A deals with general economic survey of the country while Part B relates to taxation proposals. General Budget was earlier being presented at 5 P.M. on

***ICC World Cup 2015 - Important Short Notes***

*The 2015 Cricket World Cup was the 11th Cricket World Cup.

*Hosted by- Australia and New Zealand from 14 February to 29 March 2015.

2015 Cricket World Cup Ambassador - Sachin Tendulkar

*This was the second time when the tournament was held in Australia and New Zealand, with the first being the 1992 Cricket World Cup which was won by Pakistan.

*Important Points

*Australia won the Cricket World Cup for the fifth time.

*Man of the Series: Mitchell Starc

*Man of the Match: James Faulkner

*Most Runs: Martin Guptill

*Most Wickets: Mitchell Starc & Trent Boult

*Teams Played in 2015 ICC Cricket World Cup

India

Australia

Pakistan

South Africa

New Zealand

West Indies

Sri Lanka

Bangladesh

Zimbabwe

United Arab Emirates

Scotland

England

Ireland

Afghanistan (First in World Cups)

*Indian Highlights at the World Cup 2015

*India defeated Pakistan for the 6th Time in A Row in World Cups.

*For the first time India defeated South Africa in a World Cup match.

*MS Dhoni's 100th ODI win as India captain came against Bangladesh. The first non-Australian captain to won 100 ODI matches and first Indian captain to achieve the mark. He is also the third captain to won 100 matches, after two Australians, Ricky Ponting, and Allan Border.

*A record seventh consecutive match in which India bowled the opposition out.

*India lost to Australia as a result Australia never lost a World Cup Semi Final. As a result of this match, no Asian team qualified for World Cup final, for the first time since 1987.

*Key Highlights from World Cup Matches:

*Kumar Sungakkara (SL) became the second highest run scorer in ODIs.

*Four players were dismissed for golden ducks during Scotland's innings against New Zealand, the first such instance in World Cups.

*Shakib Al Hasan became the first Bangladeshi cricketer to achieve 4000 ODI runs.

*Brendon McCullum (NZ) scored the fastest fifty in World Cup history (18 balls), the third-fastest overall and the fastest ODI fifty by a New Zealander.

*Kumar Sungakkara became the fourth cricketer to play 400 ODI matches.

*Dilshan's score of 161 not out was the highest individual score in an ODI without hitting a six.

*The Chappell-Hadlee Trophy, the trophy which is usually the prize in any stand-alone ODI series between Australia and New Zealand.

*Lahiru Thirimanne became the youngest Sri Lankan player to score a century at a World Cup.

*Joe Root became the youngest English player to score a century at a World Cup.

*Australia's score of 417/6 against debutant Afghanistan is the highest in World Cup history. *Dawlat Zadran (Afg) became the third bowler in World Cup matches to concede 100 runs or more in an innings. Australia's victory margin of 275 runs is the highest in World Cup history.

*Kyle Coetzer scored Scotland's first ever World Cup century and the highestscore by an associate nation player in World Cups.

*Kumar Sungakkara became the second player to score 14,000 ODI runs, and scored a record third consecutive World Cup century.

*Mahmudullah Riyad became the first Bangladesh player to score two consecutive World Cup centuries.

*Chris Gayle became the first batsman to score a Double Century in a World Cup match and the first ever non-Indian batsman to score an ODI Double Century. Gayle's Double Century was also the fastest Double Century in ODI cricket. Gayle's 16 sixes in his innings equaled the ODI record jointly held by Rohit Sharma and AB de Villiers.

*The first time Pakistan defeated South Africa in a World Cup match.

Jean Paul Duminy (SA) became the first South African to take a World Cup hat-trick.

*AB de Villiers now holds the records for the most sixes in one World Cup tournament (20) and the most sixes in all World Cup matches (36).

*The highest successful run-chase in a World Cup knockout match came forNew Zealand against South Africa in the Semi Finals.

*The first time New Zealand qualified for a World Cup final.

*Kumar Dharmasena of Sri Lanka was the umpire in World Cup Final. He is the only player to play in a World Cup Final (1996) and umpire in one(2015).

*S.Ravi of India was in the ICC Cricket World Cup 2015 Umpire panel.

'***ICC World Cup 2015 - Important Short Notes*** *The 2015 Cricket World Cup was the 11th Cricket World Cup. *Hosted by- Australia and New Zealand from 14 February to 29 March 2015. 2015 Cricket World Cup Ambassador - Sachin Tendulkar *This was the second time when the tournament was held in Australia and New Zealand, with the first being the 1992 Cricket World Cup which was won by Pakistan. *Important Points *Australia won the Cricket World Cup for the fifth time. *Man of the Series: Mitchell Starc *Man of the Match: James Faulkner *Most Runs: Martin Guptill *Most Wickets: Mitchell Starc & Trent Boult *Teams Played in 2015 ICC Cricket World Cup India Australia Pakistan South Africa New Zealand West Indies Sri Lanka Bangladesh Zimbabwe United Arab Emirates Scotland England Ireland Afghanistan (First in World Cups) *Indian Highlights at the World Cup 2015 *India defeated Pakistan for the 6th Time in A Row in World Cups. *For the first time India defeated South Africa in a World Cup match. *MS Dhoni's 100th ODI win as India captain came against Bangladesh. The first non-Australian captain to won 100 ODI matches and first Indian captain to achieve the mark. He is also the third captain to won 100 matches, after two Australians, Ricky Ponting, and Allan Border. *A record seventh consecutive match in which India bowled the opposition out. *India lost to Australia as a result Australia never lost a World Cup Semi Final. As a result of this match, no Asian team qualified for World Cup final, for the first time since 1987. *Key Highlights from World Cup Matches: *Kumar Sungakkara (SL) became the second highest run scorer in ODIs. *Four players were dismissed for golden ducks during Scotland's innings against New Zealand, the first such instance in World Cups. *Shakib Al Hasan became the first Bangladeshi cricketer to achieve 4000 ODI runs. *Brendon McCullum (NZ) scored the fastest fifty in World Cup history (18 balls), the third-fastest overall and the fastest ODI fifty by a New Zealander. *Kumar Sungakkara became the fourth

cricketer to play 400 ODI matches. *Dilshan's score of 161 not out was the highest individual score in an ODI without hitting a six. *The Chappell-Hadlee Trophy, the trophy which is usually the prize in any stand-alone ODI series between Australia and New Zealand. *Lahiru Thirimanne became the youngest Sri Lankan player to score a century at a World Cup. *Joe Root became the youngest English player to score a century at a World Cup. *Australia's score of 417/6 against debutant Afghanistan is the highest in World Cup history. *Dawlat Zadran (Afg) became the third bowler in World Cup matches to concede 100 runs or more in an innings. Australia's victory margin of 275 runs is the highest in World Cup history. *Kyle Coetzer scored Scotland's first ever World Cup century and the highestscore by an associate nation player in World Cups. *Kumar Sungakkara became the second player to score 14,000 ODI runs, and scored a record third consecutive World Cup century. *Mahmudullah Riyad became the first Bangladesh player to score two consecutive World Cup centuries. *Chris Gayle became the first batsman to score a Double Century in a World Cup match and the first ever non-Indian batsman to score an ODI Double Century. Gayle's Double Century was also the fastest Double Century in ODI cricket. Gayle's 16 sixes in his innings equaled the ODI record jointly held by Rohit Sharma and AB de Villiers. *The first time Pakistan defeated South Africa in a World Cup match. Jean Paul Duminy (SA) became the first South African to take a World Cup hat-trick. *AB de Villiers now holds the records for the most sixes in one World Cup tournament (20) and the most sixes in all World Cup matches (36). *The highest successful run-chase in a World Cup knockout match came forNew Zealand against South Africa in the Semi Finals. *The first time New Zealand qualified for a World Cup final. *Kumar Dharmasena of Sri Lanka was the umpire in World Cup Final. He is the only player to play in a World Cup Final (1996) and umpire in one(2015). *S.Ravi of India was in the ICC Cricket World Cup 2015 Umpire panel.'

,

[

. [

21-16,

21-14 .

21-15, 21-11

.

#

, [

[ 18-21, 21-13, 21-12

.

.

# ( # History )

30, Mar, # Monday

1814 - #

1842 -

1853 -

1856 - #

1867 - 72

1919 - #

1919 - #

1949 - #

1950 -

1963 - #

1992 - [

# : -

30 [ 1856

, # , #

[ [

#

# [

30 [ 1867 [ # 72

30 [ 1976 # [

18 1975

#

[

[

[ [

#

भारत की नदियाँ और नदियों के उद्द्गम...

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