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20

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21

âVäaÃÀŠcì®ZQkÆÑÅg~aÅtŠzu~aZ÷�aÃ¥zbÅ�ZÇV~áYñÏZqñ]ÐÁ7XÄ~}7¹Š�sã¯]ƒZìcâVÜsZLpZ[~QÐ%Š{ŠNg„ìXpZ[~ëZ,ßÍVÃÌ%Š{ŠNf��|~i0{ƒD�OçâVÆpZ[»ZÝNaÅñ]7Éz{›cì�uƒZìXZÝÎZwtì�z{YV77ÿEMg;?

âVäaÐt:7Y�z{¾qw~ìÔQkÆ;ðV~gzÝYV7Zzgz{YVƒÐúìXSkÅOñâVäÜsZL§»™9Zgzc�z{aÅ]Zð~_Zg~ÐgzCgSìZzg¹„çÃ��zZ−+Å6zZK%Q7gh™WcXtWâVÆ™ŠZgÅ7g~§b?Ï™g„¶�Z+âVGuÐ(Sƒð0È-V~aÅ›zúÆZÝ»çVÃŠ®™$ËìX

aäì¢™�Z[Šc�âVÆgzäŠðä~aÅÃð>ð7XtÈ™z{¼Šk¸�_!]Å”]Ð{ñlg;YèZaÃð¹(ZŠgŠªCÙ™*e�ÂQyÆZÖg

Å]�Z[Š}YCìZzgt%³QyÆaÂƒ@ìX!syaäZC›câVÆ‚t™Dƒñ¹�z{�ìSÐHƒŠì?tQkÆW²ƒVÐuìX

N�ÆazZ−+ÅæŠ»Z`ìXZ¤z„ZKuÐ(SƒðZôoZzg¡ÅzzÐQkÆgzÝ�~g»z0YNÂQyÐŒz]™ÆN70YYè*�ÛâãÆË~gzÝ7ÉÜs'×hZ0�}„X�Xti0Ï»ZqQ{zZìXëÄ~ZKgzbÃgzÝŠ3*„ŠzuzVÆ»xW*å6�NäHX�VŠzuzVÆ»xW*ZKæŠ™*å�âV:™mZzgZLaÆ›bÃgz×gp~çzy:ƒmX

ŠgZÝaäZK™¬~�5RŠZgŠgcÄÅ�ÔQyÐÀhzZà�dÅ¥zb!mp=VÆfg)ÛzãŠ*Ã$%»*xìXp~ÆSk¿~ƒÐ(ZX¸ì�QyšzZòQßßVÐzÃŠZg~¾§b‡ìg¿YñXÅ´#ÖSk©e~âVìX

22

Æz\LZÑ¿Š°ZÑsxó~ZDwë�ÔLLZ[Z¤ÃðçÑ{8©3©ï GGGGL i�ÓnØq‚m‚hÆSk¦g6FìÂQtÌ¢zg~ì�z{ZKi0Ï~m]ZzgpŠzâVS:]»

ÒpgÇXZkÆ0k¼ÂZknÆŠzZòZßwƒäeÂ�§‹Z½Ü~ÄzZío‡ìgOÔYèÚpÅSk$rƒðŠ*~ëZCŠx¢ïÐ)M�ÂšzZò„Å$zªXpšzZòZßßV»tÈÂì7�ZkÐpZzgp~Æ]Sk*]ÅÔƒYñÔZka�pz{|ì&ŒÛWy0uäZv¬\ÅZq¹(~WeIZcìXQkßg]~ÂëQkÚÃTÅ¡]„w•ìÔw•Ð¬g~™Š,Ð‰‰‰óó)FÀ

¦2k*i~Ôm822D722(Xa»úgxZzg!:»ì:A society based on such a conception of Reality mustreconcile, in its life, the categories of permanence andchange. It must possess eternal principles to regulate itscollective life, for the eternal gives us a foothold in theworld of perpetual change. But eternal principles whenthey are understood to exclude all possibilities ofchange which, according to the Qur'an, is one of thegreatest `signs' of God, tend to immobilize what isessentially mobile in its nature.

from 'Lecture VI',The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam

7

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gz¯Z§cŠWg;ìZ}ZäÓxgzjVÐ¼7YåZzgƒä�Z[Šcå OçZ[QÐ

23

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™DƒñQÐ¼}ÐïÑÂz{Qh™Šg|ÅZzœ�ác6ÖŠZzg¹ÔLLQkîðä¿Ð=ÃÅ�1wewZzgpÙFu™ŠzYèvg~WzZiä»{™zZcìXóóSkÆîðäÎŠZ¤ÐgÁƒDƒñ¹ÔLLZßŠZqZ}pZzÔ?ä$!ãÅ�={Zzg@gOÏWiZŠ™ŠcX~zíÃY@ƒVÔËŠy÷~§b?ÌWiZŠƒYƒ!óóÎŠZ¤ä¹ÔLL?ä=Z[5gZ{Š3Š~XóóOçî¤ZLZ-zíÅ§sgzZ:ƒŠZzgÎŠZ¤ä¹ÔLLt÷}aÃìX~Qk»gZ3Z(g™zVÇ�zZãgZ3ìX÷~YyHQkîðÐ

25

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26

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Ø¾ÃLÔLfz¾Ôµ�V$Zzgs[Å´#Ö(~zŸsÆ‚BÒyƒìX$~8[ÅLLœZóó:)Ì{mZ�ág{ìYègzq+Æ‰Ââ]~GÅfŠvjZkÐZz6g¿YCìX™*z~i0Ï»s[àz{!]ì&ZDwä!g!gŠCÙZcì}!Áƒs~Z¥z—ZgèWŠx»ZLw™CìÂ9ìÔLLQk�Ò"6Š{Ã6ŠzV~ÖŠN!óó

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Æ qæm‚ÞÚä ™zg7XZyZLZ0�}y~ëÃgzg;ìYèRÝÐ™zgìXÆ i�ÓnØôq‚m‚ ‚Â,![~}ZÐ5‡]ƒä6ZDwäÎZwQVcìZzg

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��]hZyägzqãZzg!mîg6i0{gxghŠcìXZ°gÅŠ*~Qk»£ŠxZL‚BìZzgZOŠ~z(ÏyZy~ŠzuzVÆ‚BìXQk~ZK"ÎxZ*+I~Zzgwm6‡10äÅ&¢7g„�Qk~ZdzRg«ÕƒVÃW×W×»™ÆQÐi0Ï

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Thus, wholly overshadowed by the results of hisintellectual activity, the modern man has ceased to livesoulfully, i.e. from within. In the domain of thought heis living in open conflict with himself; and in thedomain of economic and political life he is living inopen conflict with others. He finds himself unable to

27

control his ruthless egoism and his infinite gold-hungerwhich is gradually killing all higher striving in him andbringing him nothing but life-weariness. Absorbed inthe 'fact', that is to say, the optically present source ofsensation, he is entirely cut off from the unplumbeddepths of his own being.

OçtLL{™äzZáóóZyÅZKR*+64ÔwmÔÃ@{Ã~Zzg"ùC�XÅzzÐQkÅgzqãZzg!mi0Ï²Ÿï

YNH™g{ìXz{ZLRz;xÅÈÏ™g;ìZzgpZzåä

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28

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Matthew Arnold is a very precise poet. I like, however,an element of obscurity and vagueness in poetry; sincethe vague and the obscure appear profound to theemotions.

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54

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55

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TheNightingale and Glowworm

A nightingale, that all day longHad cheer'd the village with his song,Nor yet at eve his note suspended,Nor yet when eventide was ended,

56

Began to feel, as well he might,The keen demands of appetite;When, looking eagerly around,He spied far off, upon the ground,A something shining in the dark,And knew the glowworm by his spark;So stooping down from hawthorn top,He thought to put him in his crop.The worm, aware of his intent,Harangued him thus, right eloquent-

Did you admire my lamp, quoth he,As much as I your minstrelsy,You would abhor to do me wrongAs much as I to spoil your song;For 'twas the self-same Power divineTaught you to sing, and me to shine;That you with music, I with light,Might beautify and cheer the night.The songster heard his short oration,And, warbling out his approbation,Released him, as my story tells,And found a supper somewhere else.

Hence jarring sectaries may learnTheir real interest to discern;That brother should not war with brother,And worry and devour each other;But sing and shine by sweet consent,Till life's poor transient night is spent,Respecting in each other's caseThe gifts of nature and of grace.

Those Christians best deserve the nameWho studiously make peace their aim;Peace both the duty and the prize

57

Of him that creeps and him that flies.

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60

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On a GildfinchStarved to Death in His Cage

Time was when I was free as air,The thistle's downy seed my fare,My drink the morning dew;I perch'd at will on every spray,My form genteel, my plumage gay,My strains for ever new.

But gaudy plumage, sprightly strain,And form genteel were all in vain,And of a transient date;For, caught and caged, and starved to death,In dying sighs my little breathSoon pass'd the wiry grate.

Thanks, gentle swain, for all my woes,And thanks for this effectual closeAnd cure of every ill!More cruelty could none express;

61

And I, if you had shown me less,Had been your prisoner still

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62

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63

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5

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64

kxÆiâä~ZâÅßg]~‚tWäzZà¶(XÆìw~Zk»Ñtå� +ná2ß‚ ZDwäÄ~¢ñÅOñ–~Ã7HX

ÄLLyz*ãâjwÆ_.ƒYñXóóp¢ñÂyz*y~ÌƒD�Ô®ZRÝÑt¥xƒ@ì�¢ñÅÚ–~ÇñÐw~gKƒCìZzgaèSkyì�at>7_ƒñZLW\ÃQy™ŠZgzVÐ�[™,�×gL�Ska¢ñÃ–~Ð$%~ZDwäÄÅ§s‡g~»gzt$wŠcì)Zôm~Ä7_ƒñZqa»ZLW\ÃÇñÐ�[™*icŠ{ŒÛ#èGELªkì(XSkÆ´z{¢ñÐç°Zzg–~Ð9èzZh�X–~úÌƒCìXƒÐ(|™t�ÇñÅ§b–~

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The Cow and the Ass

Hard by a green meadow a stream used to flow,So clear, one might see the white pebbles below;To this cooling stream the warm cattle would stray,To stand in the shade on a hot summer's day.

A cow, quite oppressed with the heat of the sun,Came here to refresh, as she often had done;And standing stock still, leaning over the stream,Was musing, perhaps, or perhaps she might dream.

But soon a brown ass, of respectable look.Came trotting up also to taste of the brook,And to nibble a few of the daisies and grass;"How d' ye do?" said the cow; "How d' ye do?" said the ass.

"Take a seat," cried the cow, gently waving her hand; "By no means, dear madam," said he, "while you stand;"Then stooping to drink, with a complaisant bow,

65

"Ma'am, your health," said the ass; "thank you, sir," said the cow.

When a few of these compliments more had been past,They laid themselves down on the herbage at last;And, waiting politely, as gentlemen must,The ass held his tongue, that the cow might speak first.

Then with a deep sigh, she directly began,"Don't you think, Mr. Ass, we're injured by man?'Tis a subject that lays with a weight on my mind:We certainly are much oppressed by mankind.

"Now what is the reason (I see none at all)That I always must go when Suke chooses to call;Whatever I'm doing ('t is certainly hard)At once I must go to be milked in the yard.

"I've no will of my own, but must do as they please,And give them my milk to make butter and cheese:I've often a vast mind to knock down the pail.Or give Suke a box on the ear with my tail."

"But, ma'am," said the ass, "not presuming to teach-Oh dear, I beg pardon - pray finish your speech;I thought you had done, ma'am, indeed," said the swain,"Go on, and I'll not interrupt you again."

"Why, sir, I was only a going to observe,I'm resolved that these tyrants no longer I'll serve:But leave them forever to do as they please,And look somewhere else for their butter and cheese."

Ass waited a moment, to see if she'd done,And then, "not presuming to teach," he began;"With submission, dear madam, to your better wit,I own I am not quite convinced of it yet.

66

"That you're of great service to them is quite true,But surely they are of some service to you;'T is their nice green pasture in which you regale,They feed you in winter when grass and weeds fail.

'T is under their shelter you snugly repose,When without it, dear ma'am, you perhaps might be froze.For my part, I know, I receive much from man,And for him, in return, I do all that I can."

The cow upon this cast her eye on the grass,Not pleased at thus being reproved by an ass;Yet, thought she, "I'm determined I'll benefit by 't,For I really believe the fellow is right."

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67

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68

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69

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6

The Spider �p]‰¶ñn;…]mß;�pÊ¡ño ÷~ƒÌ)8881D9971(ÅÂ[¹�gìZzgZÏ~z{Ä�áïìTÐLZq)ZZzgíóR~ÅìX”V and the Fly

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71

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72

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The Spider and the Fly

"Will you walk into my parlor?" said the spider to the fly;"'Tis the prettiest little parlor that ever you may spy.The way into my parlor is up a winding stair,And I have many curious things to show when you are there.""Oh no, no," said the little fly; "to ask me is in vain,For who goes up your winding stair can ne'er come down again."

"I'm sure you must be weary, dear, with soaring up so high.Will you rest upon my little bed?" said the spider to the fly."There are pretty curtains drawn around; the sheets are fine and

thin,And if you like to rest a while, I'll snugly tuck you in!""Oh no, no," said the little fly, "for I've often heard it said, They never, never wake again who sleep upon your bed!"

Said the cunning spider to the fly: "Dear friend, what can I doTo prove the warm affection I've always felt for you?I have within my pantry good store of all that's nice;I'm sure you're very welcome - will you please to take a slice?""Oh no, no," said the little fly; "kind sir, that cannot be:I've heard what's in your pantry, and I do not wish to see!"

"Sweet creature!" said the spider, "you're witty and you're wise;How handsome are your gauzy wings; how brilliant are your eyes!I have a little looking-glass upon my parlor shelf;If you'd step in one moment, dear, you shall behold yourself.""I thank you, gentle sir," she said, "for what you're pleased to say,And, bidding you good morning now, I'll call another day."

73

The spider turned him round about, and went into his den,For well he knew the silly fly would soon come back again:So he wove a subtle web in a little corner sly,And set his table ready to dine upon the fly;Then came out to his door again and merrily did sing:"Come hither, hither, pretty fly, with pearl and silver wing;Your robes are green and purple; there's a crest upon your head;Your eyes are like diamond bright, but mine are dull as lead!"

Alas, alas! how very soon this silly little fly,Hearing his wily, flattering words, came slowly flitting by;With buzzing wings she hung aloft, then near and nearer grew,Thinking only of her brilliant eyes and green and purple hue, Thinking only of her crested head. Poor, foolish thing! at lastUp jumped the cunning spider, and fiercely held her fast;He dragged her up his winding stair, into the dismal den -Within his little parlor - but she ne'er came out again!

And now, dear little children, who may this story read,To idle, silly flattering words I pray you ne'er give heed;Unto an evil counselor close heart and ear and eye,And take a lesson from this tale of the spider and the fly.

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74

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7

z@!g÷)6881D1081(Zôm'Ô�á²Ô0Šg~Zzgâ8çXL—*]¸X¥xƒ@ì�yz*y~ (A Mother's Dream) �,œ~ÆÑzq~QyÅÄLZ}ægieg*ó

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75

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76

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The Mother's Dream

I'd a dream to-nightAs I fell asleep,Oh! the touching sightMakes me still to weep;Of my little lad,Gone to leave me sad,Aye, the child I had,But was not to keep.As in heaven high,I my child did seek,There, in train, came byChildren fair and meek.Each in lily white,With a lamp alight;Each was clear to sight,But they did not speak.Then, a little sad,Came my child in turn,But the lamp he had,Oh! it did not burn;He, to clear my doubt,Said, half-burned about,"Your tears put it out;Mother, never mourn."

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77

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Fable

The mountain and the squirrelHad a quarrel,And the former called the latter 'Little Prig;'Bun replied,'You are doubtless very big;But all sorts of things and weatherMust be taken in together,To make up a yearAnd a sphere.And I think it no disgraceTo occupy my place.

84

If I'm not so large as you,You are not so small as I,And not half so spry.I'll not deny you makeA very pretty squirrel track;Talents differ; all is well and wisely put;If I cannot carry forests on my back,Neither can you crack a nut.'

~Šø[�˜VÐá™ŠyPä*yÆ …æ‡+^…ôÊÏn† ÄÆázuRÃgÒpÐoƒV6gÄ™qgzfsZ’Zðßg]ŠgcÄ™äÅÃÒÅìXÄÅ"ZzgZ�á®»iâ:¥x7X

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6�ëŠN`�ÔZDwät>¡FÀ™Æ7gÄŠ,Zzg:„f!�dÆªCÙÃZL7"zZßV6™HÉZyVÆ!í~z{¥zqãzu]šgcÄÅ�Óx¸ñVÆšz§²z`Å�á²~~ñ�Šƒ$ËìZzg&l™*Zq�y�á²Æaõ»�ZiƒYìXçÑ}ÆCÙ6~)©à5kZðqÝ™ÆSyVä�JÁ¬xqÝHQkÅzzÌ¸�¸ì�ZDwäSyV~!<m$�ç EELUãÆz‰ÜSy~ZC�xÈŠc�'RÆçÑ}Åœ-VÅgzqãgzZc]ÐR~HŠåX

A Child's Hymn

God make my life a little light,within the world to glow,A little flame that burneth bright,wherever I may go.

God make my life a little flowerthat giveth joy to all,Content to bloom in native bower,

88

although the place be small.

God make my life a little song,that comforteth the sad,That helpeth others to be strong,and maketh the singer glad.

God make my life a little staff,whereon the weak may rest,That so what health and strength I have,may serve my neighbours best.

God make my life a little hymnof tenderness and praise,Of faith that never waneth dim,in all his wondrous ways.

~Šø[�˜VÐŠyPä*yÆ …æ‡+^…ôÊÏn† ÄÆ‰�cRÃgÒpÐoƒ£â]6gÄ™ÄÅqgzfsßg]Z’Zðßg]ŠgcÄ™äÅÃÒÅ

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94

LD!£ZkZzgD!ßkó: 1Knowledge and Religious Experience

Zv¬\ä…ÎaÆ‚B‚Bz]ZyÅ]Ì�ìX9zV»z]ZyZq{mn»ƒ@å&zkë�ZzgQkÅZ¤®7g~Q#Ö6�ÛnƒC¶X

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The Philosophical Test of the Revelations

of Religious Experience

»Ñ]}Z»÷ìZzgŒÛWyÑp}Z»wìZkaŠzâV~Ãð§Š7ƒYX»Ñ]»DÔŒÛWyÑpÅCðÃK~æŠŠêìZzgŒÛWyÑp»Ñ]Æ!íÅ§søg~gÉð™@ìXZka¢zg~ì�ëCÙq~}ZÅŠg]ZzgÕl™,T§bLZqNhZzg*~ó~*~äNhÆ¤6pŠÃ"|KÅOñ7g~»Ñ]~ÖƒZmŠgcÄ™1åXL}Z»¦gZzg8©3©ï GGGGL™¬ó: 3

The Conception of God and the Meaning of Prayer

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95

LpŠ~ÔƒzŠgÔ§]$›å ENZ>]ó: 4The Human Ego - His Freedom and Immortality

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The Spirit of Muslim Culture

W8gåÆ‚B9zV»ŸåÆa»ƒŠSÏaZ[ZyÃÔ9zVÅ@ZeÅgzÝ~ZK�Æ_.WÐ(−ìXSk~Zsx»»xŠ*Ãz{gzÝŠbìT~gZ3™sŠ3ðŠ}ÔT§bLgŠ~ó~N

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The Principle of Movement in the Structure of Islam

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