" పండ్ల తోటల " పంటలకు సంబందించి...

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ѨO_»¡ `À@Å∞ =∂q∞_ç 1. =∂q∞_ç ™êQÆ∞‰õΩ J#∞‰õÄÅ"≥∞ÿ# <ÕÅÅ∞ Uq? Ö’`≥·# <ÕÅÖ’¡ "Õ~°∞¡ ÉÏQÍ "åºÑ≤Oz, Jaè=$kú K≥Ok KåÖÏHÍÅO kQÆ∞|_çx™êÎ~Ú. KÒ_»∞, LѨC, ã¨∞#flO =∞iÜ«Ú h~°∞ xÅ∞= =ÙO_Õ |~°∞"≥·# #Å¡ˆ~QÆ_ç <ÕÅÖ’¡ <å@~å^Œ∞. L^Œ[x ã¨∂zHõ 6–7.5 =Ù#fl <ÕÅÅ∞ J#∞‰õÄÅO. h~°∞ LѨi`«Å=Ú #∞O_ç Hõhã¨O Ô~O_»∞ g∞@~°∞¡ „H˜O^Œ =ÙO_®e. 2. =∂q∞_çÖ’ J#∞"≥·# ~°HÍÅ∞ Uq? |Oy#Ѩe¡ =∞iÜ«Ú `À`åѨÙi ~åROÖ’x Jxfl „áêO`åÖ’¡ ѨO_çOK«∞@‰õΩ J#∞"≥·# "å}˜[º ~°HÍÅ∞. HÀ™êÎ „áêO`åxH˜ J#∞"≥·# ~°HÍÅ∞ : ã¨∞=~°‚ˆ~Y, ÃÑ^ŒÌ~°ã¨O, z#fl~°ã¨O, K≥é‰õΩ~°ã¨O, ѨOK«^•~° HõÅâ◊ `≥ÅOQÍ}Ï „áêO`åxH˜ J#∞"≥·# ~°HÍÅ∞ : ã¨∞=~°‚ˆ~Y, ^Œâıi, Ç≤Ï=∞Ü«∞`ü, K≥é‰õΩ~°ã¨O, =∞e¡Hõ, ~°`«fl. ~åÜ«∞Åã‘=∞ „áêO`åxH˜ J#∞"≥·# ~°HÍÅ∞: ã¨∞=~°‚ˆ~Y, hÖËëê<£, Z.Ü«Ú. ~°∞=∂x. 3. =∂q∞_ç <å@∞@‰õΩ J#∞"≥·# HÍÅO Uk? ZÖÏ <å\Ïe? E<£ – _çÃãO|~°∞ =~°‰õΩ <å@=K«∞Û. E<£–AÖˇ· =∞iÜ«Ú ÃãÃÑìO|~°∞ <≥ÅÖ’¡ <å@∞@ =∞Ozk. <ÕÅ#∞ ÉÏQÍ ^Œ∞xfl, 1˛1˛1 g∞. QÆ∞O`«Å∞ `«qfi, 25 H˜Ö’Å ÉÏQÍ zqH˜# Ѩâ◊√=ÙÅ Z~°∞=Ù, 2 H˜Ö’Å ã≤OyÖò ã¨∂Ѩ~ü á¶ê¿ãÊù\ò =∞iÜ«Ú K≥^ŒÅ∞ PtOK«‰õΩO_® 100 „QÍ=ÚÅ á¶êe_®Öò 2 âß`«O á⁄_çx „`«qfi# ÃÑ·=∞\˜ì`À HõeÑ≤ xOÑ≤ "≥ÚHõ¯Å#∞ 7–10 g∞@~°¡ ^Œ∂~°OÖ’ <ÕÅ ã¨fiÉèÏ"åxfl |\˜ì <å\Ïe. 4. =∂q∞_çH˜ Z~°∞=ÙÅ#∞ U "≥∂`å^Œ∞Ö’ "å_®e? "≥ÚHõ¯ =Ü«∞ã¨∞û#∞ |\˜ì Z~°∞=ÙÅ∞ "å_®e. XH˘¯Hõ¯ "≥ÚHõ¯‰õΩ "≥Ú^Œ\˜ ã¨O=`«û~°O 100 „QÍ. #„`«[x, 100 „QÍ. ÉèÏã¨fi~°O, 100 „QÍ. á⁄\Ï+π xKÕÛ Z~°∞=ÙÅ#∞ "ÕÜ«∂e. „Ѩu ã¨O=`«û~°O ÃÑ· "≥∂`å^Œ∞#∞ ÃÑOK«∞`«∂ 10 ã¨O=`«û~°=ÚÅ∞ P ÃÑ· =Ü«∞ã¨∞û QÆÅ K≥@¡‰õΩ XHÀ¯ H˜Ö’ #„`«[x, ÉèÏã¨fi~°O, á⁄\Ï+π xKÕÛ Z~°∞=ÙÅ#∞ "å_®e. #„`«[xx 50 âß`«O Ѩâ◊√=ÙÅ Z~°∞=Ù ~°∂ѨOÖ’ W¿ãÎ =∞Ozk. =∂q∞_ç HÀ`« J~Ú# "≥O@<Õ ã≤á¶ê~°∞û KÕã≤# 2/3 =O`«∞ Z~°∞=ÙÅ#∞ "ÕÜ«∂e. q∞ye# 1/3 =O`«∞ Z~°∞=ÙÅ#∞ [#=i 2 ÖË^• 3= "å~°OÖ’ "ÕÜ«∂e. HÍѨىõΩ ~åx K≥@¡‰õΩ „Ѩu 2–3 <≥ÅÅH˘Hõ™êi "ÕÜ«∂e. 5. =∞Oz kQÆ∞|_ç H˘~°‰õΩ UO KÕÜ«∂e? E<£–AÖˇ· <≥ÅÖ’¡ ZO_»∞ ѨÙÅ¡Å#∞, QÆ∞|∞~°∞QÍ, J_»¤k_»¤OQÍ ÃÑiy# z#fl H˘=∞‡Å#∞ fã≤"Õã≤ K≥@∞ì‰õΩ ã¨∂~°º~°t‡, QÍe ÉÏQÍ ™È‰õΩ#@∞¡ K«∂_®e. H˘=∞‡Å#∞ HõuÎiOz# KÀ@ É’~À¤ q∞„â◊=∂xfl ѨÓÜ«∂e. `«~°∞"å`« ã≤á¶ê~°∞û KÕã≤# "Õ∞~°‰õΩ Z~°∞=ÙÅ#∞ "ÕÜ«∂e. 8–10 ã¨OIIÅ∞ ^•\˜# K≥@¡‰õΩ Q˘_»∞QÆ∞ H˘=∞‡ fã≤"ÕÜ«∂e. 70

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Page 1: " పండ్ల తోటల " పంటలకు సంబందించి తరచుగా అడిగే ప్రశ్నలు

ѨO_»¡ `À@Å∞=∂q∞_ç

1. =∂q∞_ç ™êQÆ∞‰õΩ J#∞‰õÄÅ"≥∞ÿ# <ÕÅÅ∞ Uq?Ö’`≥·# <ÕÅÖ’¡ "Õ~°∞¡ ÉÏQÍ "åºÑ≤Oz, Jaè=$kú K≥Ok KåÖÏHÍÅO kQÆ∞|_çx™êÎ~Ú. KÒ_»∞, LѨC, ã¨∞#flO=∞iÜ«Ú h~°∞ xÅ∞= =ÙO_Õ |~°∞"≥·# #Å¡ˆ~QÆ_ç <ÕÅÖ’¡ <å@~å^Œ∞. L^Œ[x ã¨∂zHõ 6–7.5 =Ù#fl <ÕÅÅ∞J#∞‰õÄÅO. h~°∞ LѨi`«Å=Ú #∞O_ç Hõhã¨O Ô~O_»∞ g∞@~°∞¡ „H˜O^Œ =ÙO_®e.

2. =∂q∞_çÖ’ J#∞"≥·# ~°HÍÅ∞ Uq?|Oy#Ѩe¡ =∞iÜ«Ú `À`åѨÙi ~åROÖ’x Jxfl „áêO`åÖ’¡ ѨO_çOK«∞@‰õΩ J#∞"≥·# "å˜[º ~°HÍÅ∞.HÀ™êÎ „áêO`åxH˜ J#∞"≥·# ~°HÍÅ∞ : ã¨∞=~°‚ˆ~Y, ÃÑ^ŒÌ~°ã¨O, z#fl~°ã¨O, K≥é‰õΩ~°ã¨O, ѨOK«^•~° HõÅâ◊`≥ÅOQÍÏ „áêO`åxH˜ J#∞"≥·# ~°HÍÅ∞ : ã¨∞=~°‚ˆ~Y, ^Œâıi, Ç≤Ï=∞Ü«∞`ü, K≥é‰õΩ~°ã¨O, =∞e¡Hõ, ~°`«fl.~åÜ«∞Åã‘=∞ „áêO`åxH˜ J#∞"≥·# ~°HÍÅ∞: ã¨∞=~°‚ˆ~Y, hÖËëê<£, Z.Ü«Ú. ~°∞=∂x.

3. =∂q∞_ç <å@∞@‰õΩ J#∞"≥·# HÍÅO Uk? ZÖÏ <å\Ïe? E<£ – _çÃãO|~°∞ =~°‰õΩ <å@=K«∞Û. E<£–AÖˇ· =∞iÜ«Ú ÃãÃÑìO|~°∞ <≥ÅÖ’¡ <å@∞@ =∞Ozk. <ÕÅ#∞ÉÏQÍ ^Œ∞xfl, 1˛1˛1 g∞. QÆ∞O`«Å∞ `«qfi, 25 H˜Ö’Å ÉÏQÍ zqH˜# Ѩâ◊√=ÙÅ Z~°∞=Ù, 2 H˜Ö’Å ã≤OyÖòã¨∂Ѩ~ü á¶ê¿ãÊù\ò =∞iÜ«Ú K≥^ŒÅ∞ PtOK«‰õΩO_® 100 „QÍ=ÚÅ á¶êe_®Öò 2 âß`«O á⁄_çx „`«qfi#ÃÑ·=∞\˜ì`À HõeÑ≤ xOÑ≤ "≥ÚHõ¯Å#∞ 7–10 g∞@~°¡ ^Œ∂~°OÖ’ <ÕÅ ã¨fiÉèÏ"åxfl |\˜ì <å\Ïe.

4. =∂q∞_çH˜ Z~°∞=ÙÅ#∞ U "≥∂`å^Œ∞Ö’ "å_®e?"≥ÚHõ¯ =Ü«∞ã¨∞û#∞ |\˜ì Z~°∞=ÙÅ∞ "å_®e. XH˘¯Hõ¯ "≥ÚHõ¯‰õΩ "≥Ú^Œ\˜ ã¨O=`«û~°O 100 „QÍ. #„`«[x,100 „QÍ. ÉèÏã¨fi~°O, 100 „QÍ. á⁄\Ï+π xKÕÛ Z~°∞=ÙÅ#∞ "ÕÜ«∂e. „Ѩu ã¨O=`«û~°O ÃÑ· "≥∂`å^Œ∞#∞ÃÑOK«∞`«∂ 10 ã¨O=`«û~°=ÚÅ∞ P ÃÑ· =Ü«∞ã¨∞û QÆÅ K≥@¡‰õΩ XHÀ¯ H˜Ö’ #„`«[x, ÉèÏã¨fi~°O, á⁄\Ï+π xKÕÛZ~°∞=ÙÅ#∞ "å_®e. #„`«[xx 50 âß`«O Ѩâ◊√=ÙÅ Z~°∞=Ù ~°∂ѨOÖ’ W¿ãÎ =∞Ozk. =∂q∞_ç HÀ`«J~Ú# "≥O@<Õ ã≤á¶ê~°∞û KÕã≤# 2/3 =O`«∞ Z~°∞=ÙÅ#∞ "ÕÜ«∂e. q∞ye# 1/3 =O`«∞ Z~°∞=ÙÅ#∞[#=i 2 ÖË^• 3= "å~°OÖ’ "ÕÜ«∂e. HÍѨىõΩ ~åx K≥@¡‰õΩ „Ѩu 2–3 <≥ÅÅH˘Hõ™êi "ÕÜ«∂e.

5. =∞Oz kQÆ∞|_ç H˘~°‰õΩ UO KÕÜ«∂e?E<£–AÖˇ· <≥ÅÖ’¡ ZO_»∞ ѨÙÅ¡Å#∞, QÆ∞|∞~°∞QÍ, J_»¤k_»¤OQÍ ÃÑiy# z#fl H˘=∞‡Å#∞ fã≤"Õã≤ K≥@∞ì‰õΩã¨∂~°º~°t‡, QÍe ÉÏQÍ ™È‰õΩ#@∞¡ K«∂_®e. H˘=∞‡Å#∞ HõuÎiOz# KÀ@ É’~À¤ q∞„â◊=∂xfl ѨÓÜ«∂e.`«~°∞"å`« ã≤á¶ê~°∞û KÕã≤# "Õ∞~°‰õΩ Z~°∞=ÙÅ#∞ "ÕÜ«∂e. 8–10 ã¨OIIÅ∞ ^•\˜# K≥@¡‰õΩ Q˘_»∞QÆ∞ H˘=∞‡fã≤"ÕÜ«∂e.

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6. =∂q∞_ç "≥ÚHõ¯ÅÖ’ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ ã¨iQÍæÖË^Œ∞?

"≥ÚHõ¯ =Ü«∞ã¨∞û |\˜ì ã≤á¶ê~°∞û KÕã≤# Z~°∞=ÙÅ∞ "ÕÜ«∂e. lOH± ֒Ѩ x"å~°‰õΩ b@~°∞ h\˜H˜ 5 „QÍ.ÅlOH± ã¨ÖËÊù\ò`À ÉÏ@∞ 10 „QÍ.Å Ü«¸iÜ«∂#∞ =∞iÜ«Ú 0.1 q∞.b. ã≤ìHõ¯~ü#∞ HõeÑ≤ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e.W#∞Ѩ^è•`«∞ ֒Ѩ x"å~°‰õΩ ÃѶ„~°ãπ ã¨ÖËÊù\ò 5 „QÍ.Å∞ b@~°∞ h\˜H˜ HõeÑ≤ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e.

7. =∂q∞_çÖ’ JO`«~° ѨO@Å∞ Uq∞ "ÕÜ«∞=K«∞Û?

ÖË`« `À@Ö’¡ ‰õÄ~°QÍÜ«∞Å∞ "≥Ú^ŒÖˇ·# `«‰õΩ¯= Z`«∞ÎÃÑiˆQ ÃÑ·~°∞¡, ÉÁáêÊ~Ú ÖÏO\˜ ѨO_»¡ `À@Å#∞ÃÑOK«=K«∞Û. =Ú^Œ∞~°∞ `À@Ö’¡ h_»#∞ `«@∞ì‰õΩ<Õ JÅ¡O =∞iÜ«Ú Ñ¨ã¨∞Ѩ٠ÃÑ·~°¡#∞ h\˜ =ã¨ux |\˜ì"Õã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û.

8. =∂q∞_ç K≥@∞¡ ZO_çáȉõΩO_® Uq∞ KÕÜ«∂e?

=∂q∞_ç K≥@∞¡ =∞Oz kQÆ∞|_ç xK«∞Û@‰õΩ h\˜ Ü«∂[=∂#ºO =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ#k. HÍѨىõΩ =zÛ# K≥@¡‰õΩ Ñ¨Ó`«=∞iÜ«Ú Ñ≤O^≥ ^Œâ◊Ö’¡ h\˜ Z^ŒÌ_ç ~å‰õΩO_» h~°∞ ÃÑ\Ïìe. HÍÜ«∞ ÃÑiˆQ ^Œâ◊Ö’ Hõhã¨O Ô~O_»∞™ê~°∞¡ J#QÍÑ≤O^≥ U~°Ê_ç# <≥Å~ÀAʼnõΩ =∞iÜ«Ú <≥Å~ÀAÅ `«~°∞"å`« =∞~˘Hõ™êi h~°∞ Hõ\˜ì, HÍÜ«∞ HÀÜ«Ú@‰õΩHõhã¨O 30 ~ÀAÅ =ÚO^Œ∞ h~°∞ ÃÑ@∞ì@ Páêe. HÍÜ«∞ HÀã≤# "≥O@<Õ XHõ™êi h~°∞ ÃÑ\Ïìe. K≥@∞ì=Ü«∞ã¨∞û#∞ |\˜ì 20–30 ~ÀAÅ =∞^茺֒ h~°∞ ÃÑ\Ïìe.

9. =∂q∞_çÖ’ Ñ≤O^≥ ~åʼnõΩO_® fã¨∞HÀ=Åã≤# K«~°ºÅ∞ Uq?

=∂q∞_çÖ’ Ñ≤O^≥ ~åÅ∞@ ã¨~°fi™ê^è•~°O. Ñ≤O^≥ ~åÅ∞@ `«yæOK«\ÏxH˜ XHõ „QÍ=Ú <åѶ¨Îb<£ Jã≤\˜H±P=∂¡xfl 10 q∞.b. q∞^äŒ<åÖòÖ’ HõiyOz, `«~åfi`« 50 b@~°¡ h\˜Ö’ HõeÑ≤ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e. h\˜ Z^ŒÌ_ç~å‰õΩO_® K«∂_®e. D =∞^茺 =zÛ# =∞bì–ÔH 5–10 „QÍ. b@~°∞ h\˜H˜ HõeÑ≤ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∞=K«∞Û#∞.

10. =∂q∞_ç `À@ÅÖ’ K≥^ŒÅ x"å~° ZÖÏ?

=∂q∞_ç "≥Ú^Œà◊§ÃÑ· K≥^Œ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ Ñ¨_»∞`«∞Ok. Wq ɡ~°_»∞ÃÑ· =∞\˜ì QÆ∂à◊√§ Hõ\˜ì QÀH˜ uO\Ï~Ú. `«~åfi`«K≥@¡Ö’xH˜ `˘Å∞K«∞H˘xáÈ~Ú "å\˜x QÆ∞Å¡KÕ™êÎ~Ú. K≥^ŒÅ∞ Ѩ\˜ì#@∞ì QÆ=∞xOK«QÍ<Õ P =∞\˜ì#O`å^Œ∞eÑ≤"ÕÜ«∂e. K≥@∞ì "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞K«∞@∂ì eO_Õ<£ á⁄_ç =∞O^Œ∞ ÖË^• HÀ¡~ÀÃÑ·iá¶êãπ (5 q∞.b. XHõ b@~°∞h\˜H˜) K«e¡ =∞\˜ì`À Hõeã≤áÈÜÕ∞@@∞¡QÍ u~°QÆ`«"åfie. K≥^Œ ѨÙ@ìÅ#∞ `«qfi ~å˜ Ñ¨Ù~°∞QÆ∞#∞ K«OÑ≤K≥^ŒÑ¨Ù~°∞QÆ∞Å#∞ x"å~° KÕÜ«∞=K«∞Û#∞.

11. =∂q∞_çÖ’ P‰õΩ [Öˇ¡_» QÆ∂_»∞ ѨÙ~°∞QÆ∞ x"å~° ZÖÏ?

P‰õΩ [Öˇ¡_» QÆ∂_»∞ ѨÙ~°∞QÆ∞ ѨÓ`« ^Œâ◊Ö’ ѨÓÅ#∞, ѨÓ"≥ÚQÆæÅ#∞ P~°yOz `«~åfi`« ѨÓQÆ∞`«∞Îefl QÆ∂_»∞QÍU~°Ê~°∞ã¨∞ÎOk. H˜fi<åÖòòá¶êãπ 2 q∞.b. ÖË^• "≥∂<À„HÀ\’á¶êãπ 1.5 q∞.b b@~°∞ h\˜Ö’ HõeÑ≤ AÖˇ·–PQÆã¨∞ì<≥ÅÖ’ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e. nxx „\ÏHõì~°∞ J=∞iÛ# ¢¿ãÊÜ«∞~°∞ ^•fi~å ÃÇ·Ï*ˇ\ò <ålÖò`À Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e.

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12. =∂q∞_çÖ’ ^À=∞ (`Õ<≥=∞OK«∞ ѨÙ~°∞QÆ∞) x"å~° ZÖÏ?

ѨÙ~°∞QÆ∞ =∞O^Œ∞#∞ =¸_»∞ ^Œá¶êÅ∞QÍ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e. "≥Ú^Œ@ ѨÓ"≥ÚQÆæÅ∞ U~°Ê_Õ ^Œâ◊Ö’ 50%HÍ~°ƒiÖò b@~°∞ h\˜H˜ 3 „QÍ. =O`«∞# HõeÑ≤ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e. `«~åfi`« ѨÓ`« ѨÓiÎQÍ qK«∞Û‰õΩ#fl 50%ѨÓ`« Ñ≤O^≥QÍ =∂i# ^Œâ◊Ö’ XHõ b@~°∞ h\˜H˜ 1.6 q∞.b. "≥∂<À„HÀ\’á¶êãπ XHõ „QÍ"£∞ HÍ~°ƒO_»l"£∞HõeÑ≤ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e. HÍ~°ƒO_ç["£∞ =∞O^Œ∞ |∂_ç^Œ, =∞K«Û `≥QÆ∞à◊§#∞ ~å‰õΩO_® JiHõ_»∞`«∞Ok.z=~°QÍ Ñ≤O^≥ QÆK«ÛHÍÜ«∞ Ãã·A ^Œâ◊Ö’ J=ã¨~åxfl|\˜ì XHõ b@~°∞ h\˜H˜ 0.5 q∞.b. á¶ê™ÈÊùq∞_®<£ ÖË^•XHõ q∞b¡ b@~°∞ ÃÑOkäÜ«∂<£ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕã≤ D ѨÙ~°∞QÆ∞#∞ x"åiOK«=K«∞Û.

13. =∂q∞_çÖ’ HÍO_»O ѨÙ~°∞QÆ∞ x"å~° ZÖÏ?

ѨÙ~°∞QÆ∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ #+¨ìOKÕã≤ áê_≥·# H˘=∞‡Å#∞ fã≤"ÕÜ«∂e. QÆ\˜ì W#∞ѨfÔQ#∞ ֒ѨeH˜ K˘Ñ≤ÊOzѨÙ~°∞QÆ∞Å#∞ |Ü«∞\˜H˜ ÖÏy K«OÑ≤"Õã≤, ~°O„^ä•Ö’¡ q∞^ä≥·Öò ÃÑ~åkäÜ«∂<£ 1 q∞.b. b@~°∞ h\˜H˜ HõeÑ≤ÃÑ„\’Å∞ ÖË^• JÅ∂ºq∞xÜ«∞O á¶êÃã·Êù_£ aà◊§Å#∞ "Õã≤ |OHõ=∞\˜ì`À =¸Ü«∂e.

14. =~å¬Å =Å# =∂q∞_ç g∞^Œ #Å¡\˜ =∞K«ÛÅ∞ =ã¨∞Î#flq. x"å~° ZÖÏ?

=∂q∞_çx PtOK«∞ `≥QÆ∞à◊§Ö’ Z‰õΩ¯= #+¨ìO HõÅ∞QÆ*Ë¿ãk PO„`åHÀflãπ =∞K«Û `≥QÆ∞Å∞. D `≥QÆ∞Å∞tbO„^Œ=Ú =Å¡ HõÅ∞QÆ*Ëã≤ =∞K«Û `≥QÆ∞efl, ѨÓ`«=∞O_»∞ `≥QÆ∞Å∞x Hõeyã¨∞ÎOk. QÀ^èŒ∞=∞ ÖËHõ #Å¡x z#flz#fl =∞K«ÛÅ∞, P‰õΩÅ∞, ѨÓÔ~=∞‡Å∞, Ñ≤O^≥Å∞ HÍÜ«∞ÅÃÑ· „Ѩã¨∞Êù@OQÍ HõxÑ≤™êÎ~Ú. `≥QÆ∞Å∞ L^èŒ$uZ‰õΩ¯"≥·#ѨC_»∞ ѨÓÔ~=∞‡Å∞, Ñ≤O^≥Å∞ ~åeáÈ`å~Ú. XH˘¯Hõ¯™êi ѨÓQÆ∞K«Ûù=∞O`« =∞yæáÈ`«∞Ok. HÍѨÙLO_»^Œ∞. Ñ≤O^≥ xÅ|_»^Œ∞. ѨO_»∞¡ ‰õΩo§áÈ=_»O [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. QÍeÖ’ `Õ=∞ JkèHõ"≥∞ÿ#ѨC_»∞ D `≥QÆ∞Å∞"åºÑ≤ÎH˜ J#∞‰õÄÅO.

HÍÜ«∞ HÀ`«Ü«∂ºHõ E<£ – AÖˇ·Ö’ ZO_»∞ H˘=∞‡efl HõuÎiOz 3 „QÍ. HÍѨ~ü PH˜ûHÀ¡Ô~·_£ XHõ b@~°∞ h\˜Ö’HõeÑ≤ <≥Å =º=kèÖ’ Ô~O_»∞™ê~°∞¡ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e. ѨÓ`« ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ HÍÔ~ƒO_»l"£∞ 1 „QÍ. "≥Ú^Œ\˜™êi,2.5 „QÍ. =∂OHÀ*ˇÉò Ô~O_»=™êi 15 ~ÀAÅ =º=kèÖ’ Ô~O_»∞™ê~°∞¡ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e.

15. =∂q∞_çÖ’ |∂_ç^Œ `≥QÆ∞Å∞ x"å~°

D `≥QÆ∞Å∞ =∂q∞_ç ѨÓ`« ^Œâ◊Ö’ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ Ptã¨∞ÎOk. Jk tbO„^ŒO =Å¡ =ã¨∞ÎOk. =ÚYºOQÍ D`≥QÆ∞Å∞ K«eHÍÅOÖ’ JO>Ë [#=i – Ѷ≤„|=i =∂™êÅÖ’ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ Hõ#|_»∞`«∞Ok. P‰õΩÅ∞, ѨÓ`«,Ñ≤O^≥ÅÃÑ·# `≥Å¡\˜ |∂_ç^ŒÖÏO\˜ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ#∞ QÆ=∞xOK«=K«∞Û#∞. ѨÓ`« Ñ≤O^≥ Ѩã¨∞Ѩ٠~°OQÆ∞‰õΩ =∂i`«~°∞"å`« #Å¡QÍ =∂_çáÈ`«∞Ok. ѨÓ`« ~åeáÈ`«∞Ok.

D `≥QÆ∞Å∞ x"å~°‰õΩ h\˜Ö’ HõiˆQ QÆO^èŒHõ=Ú 3 „QÍ. ÖË^• HÍ~å^äÕ<£ ÖË^• HÍeH˜û<£ 1 q∞.b. b@~°∞h\˜Ö’ HõeÑ≤ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e. `≥QÆ∞Å∞ `«QÆæHõáÈ`Õ 15 ~ÀAÅH˜ =∞~°ÖÏ =∞O^Œ∞#∞ =∂iÛ Ñ≤zHÍsKÕÜ«∂e.

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x=∞‡ =∞iÜ«Ú |`åÎ~Ú

1. x=∞‡ =∞iÜ«Ú |`åÎ~Ú ™êQÆ∞‰õΩ J#∞‰õÄÅ"≥∞ÿ# <ÕÅÅ∞ Uq?

h~°∞ xÅ∞=x Ö’`≥·# Z„~° QÆ~°Ñ¨ <ÕÅÅ∞ „âı+¨ìO. `ÕeHõáê\˜ #Å¡ Éèí∂=ÚÅ∞ ‰õÄ_» J#∞‰õÄÅO. h\˜ =∞@ìOHõhã¨O 2 g∞@~°¡ „H˜O^Œ =ÙO_®e. L^Œ[x ã¨∂zHõ 6.5–7.5 =~°‰õΩ =ÙO_®e. h~°∞ `«fi~°QÍ WOH˜áÈx,ѨšѨ٠Éèí∂=ÚÅ∞, |OHõ<ÕÅÅ∞ =∞iÜ«Ú K«=Ù_»∞ Éèí∂=ÚÅ∞ ѨxH˜ ~å=Ù. `«‰õΩ¯= Ö’`«∞ QÆÅ ~åu á⁄~°Å∞QÆÅ <ÕÅÅ∞ =∞iÜ«Ú ã¨∞#flѨ٠~å~Ú áêà◊√§ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ =Ù#fl <ÕÅÅ∞ ѨxH˜~å=Ù.

2. |`åÎ~Ú, x=∞‡ÅÖ’ J#∞‰õÄÅ"≥∞ÿ# ~°HÍÅ∞ Uq? ZHõ¯_» ^˘~°∞‰õΩ`å~Ú?

|`åÎ~Ú ~°HÍÅ∞: ™ê`üQÆ∞_ç =∞iÜ«Ú |\ÏqÜ«∞<£. ~°OQÆѨÓ~ü x=∞‡ÃÑ· JO@∞ Hõ\˜ì# "≥·~°ãπ `≥QÆ∞à◊√§ ÖËx"≥ÚHõ¯Å∞ „âı+¨ì"≥∞ÿ#q.

x=∞‡~°HÍÅ∞: HÍy˚ x=∞‡ =∞iÜ«Ú ÉÏÖÏl. ~°OQÆѨÓ~ü x=∞‡ÃÑ· JO@∞Hõ\˜ì# "≥ÚHõ¯Å∞ ÖË^• "≥ÚÅHõÅ∞."≥ÚHõ¯Å H˘~°‰õΩ „Ñ≤xûѨÖò Ãã·O\˜ãπì, x=∞‡ Ѩiâ’^èŒ<å™ê÷#O, u~°∞Ѩu "åix ã¨O„ѨkOK«O_ç.

3. ph =∞iÜ«Ú x=∞‡ "≥ÚHõ¯Å#∞ ZÖÏ <å\Ïe?

ph, x=∞‡ "≥ÚHõ¯Å#∞ 6 ˛ 6 g∞. ^Œ∂~°O =ÙO_»∞#@∞¡ <å\Ïe. <å@∞@‰õΩ <≥Å ~ÀAÅ =ÚO^Œ∞ 1˛1˛1g∞@~°∞ Ãã·A QÆ∞O`«Å#∞ `«qfi, ÃÑ· =∞\˜ì`À ÉÏ@∞ 20 H˜Ö’ŠѨâ◊√=ÙÅ Z~°∞=Ù. XHõ H˜Ö’ ã¨∂Ѩ~ü á¶ê¿ãÊ\ò=∞iÜ«Ú 100 „QÍ. eO_Õ<£ 10 âß`«O á⁄_ç HõeÑ≤ xOáêe. JO@∞ ÉèÏQÆO <ÕÅ #∞O_ç 15 ÃãO.g∞.Z`«∞ÎÖ’ =ÙO_»∞#@∞¡ <å\Ïe.

4. x=∞‡ =∞iÜ«Ú |`åÎ~Ú `À@ʼnõΩ "ÕÜ«∞=Åã≤# Z~°∞=ÙÅ∞ Uq?

"≥ÚHõ¯ =Ü«∞ã¨∞û#∞ |\˜ì ã≤á¶ê~°∞û KÕã≤# D „H˜Ok Z~°∞=ÙÅ#∞ („QÍ=ÚÖ’¡) "ÕÜ«∂e.

"≥ÚHõ¯ =Ü«∞ã¨∞û |`åÎ~Ú x=∞‡

#„`«[x ÉèÏã¨fi~°O á⁄\Ï+π #„`«[x ÉèÏã¨fi~°O á⁄\Ï+π

1= ã¨O=`«û~°O 300 70 80 375 150 200

2= ã¨O=`«û~°O 600 140 160 750 300 400

3= ã¨O=`«û~°O 900 210 240 1125 450 600

4= ã¨O=`«û~°O 1200 280 320 1500 600 800

5= ã¨O=`«û~°O 1500 350 400 1500 600 800

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PÃÑ·# #„`«[x Z~°∞=Ù#∞ 25 âß`«O Ѩâ◊√=ÙÅ Z~°∞=Ù ~°∂ѨOÖ’#∞ 25 âß`«O Ñ≤O_ç Z~°∞=Ù ("ÕѨ,P=Ú^ŒO) ~°∂ѨOÖ’#∞ q∞ye# 50 âß`«O ~°™êÜ«∞xHõ Z~°∞=Ù ~°∂ѨOÖ’#∞ Ô~O_»∞ ^Œá¶êÅ∞QÍ_çâ◊O|~°∞–[#=i =∞iÜ«Ú E<£–AÖˇ· <≥ÅÖ’¡ "ÕÜ«∂e. ѨÓ`«‰õΩ =kÖË =ÚO^Œ∞ K≥@¡#∞ "å_»∞ ÃÑ\˜ìZ~°∞=ÙÅ∞ "Õã≤ ã¨=∞$kúQÍ h~°∞ ÃÑ\Ïìe.

5. x=∞‡, |`åÎ~ÚÅÖ’ ѨÖÏ¡‰õΩ `≥QÆ∞Å∞#∞ ZÖÏ x"åiOKåe?

ѨÖÏ¡‰õΩ `≥QÆ∞Å∞ x"å~°‰õΩ lOH±ã¨ÖËÊù\ò 5 „QÍ., "≥∞wfl+≤Ü«∞O ã¨ÖËÊù\ò 2 „QÍ., ÃѶ„~°ãπ ã¨ÖËÊù\ò 2 „QÍ.,=∂OQÆhãπ ã¨ÖËÊù\ò 2 „QÍ. ÉÁ~åH±û 1 „QÍ. ã¨∞#flO 6 „QÍ., Ü«¸iÜ«∂ 10 „QÍ. XHõ b@~°∞ h\˜Ö’ HõeÑ≤ã¨O=`«û~åxH˜ 4 ™ê~°∞¡ E<£, AÖˇ· =∞iÜ«Ú [#=i, Ѷ≤„|=i <≥ÅÖ’¡ qáêÊi# ÖË`« P‰õΩÅ∞ =∞iÜ«ÚÑ≤O^≥Å∞ |~îå˜ Ñ¨i=∂OÖ’ =Ù#flѨÙ_»∞ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e. ã¨∞#flѨ٠áêà◊√§ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ =Ù#fl<ÕÅÖ’¡ W#∞Ѩ^è•`«∞֒ѨO x"å~°‰õΩ 20 „QÍ. ÃѶ„~°ãπ ã¨ÖËÊù\ò =∞iÜ«Ú 2 „QÍ. x=∞‡ LѨC 10 b@~°¡ h\˜Ö’ HõeÑ≤10 ~ÀAÅ =º=kèÖ’ 2–3 ™ê~°∞¡ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e.

6. x=∞‡, |`åÎ~Ú `À@ÅÖ’ UÜÕ∞ JO`«~° ѨO@Å∞ "ÕÜ«∞=K«∞Û?

<å\˜# Ô~O_»∞ =¸_»∞ ã¨O=`«û~åÅ =~°‰õΩ JO`«~° ѨO@Å∞QÍ "Õ~°∞â◊#QÆ, JѨ~åÅ∞, |Ou, ^Àã¨, Le¡,ѨÙK«Û "ÕÜ«∞=K«∞Û. ѨzÛ~˘@ì ÃÑ·~°¡#∞"Õã≤ Éèí∂q∞Ö’ HõeÜ«∞^Œ∞<åfle. q∞~°Ñ¨, =OQÆ, á⁄Q͉õΩ =∞iÜ«Ú\’=∂\’ ÃÑ·~°¡#∞ "ÕÜ«∞~å^Œ∞.

7. x=∞‡ =∞iÜ«Ú |`åÎ~ÚÅÖ’ ѨÓ`«, Ñ≤O^≥ ~åʼnõΩO_® Uq∞ KÕÜ«∂e?

K≥@∞¡ ѨÓ`«, Ñ≤O^≥Å`À =Ù#flѨÙ_»∞ áê^Œ∞ `«=fi_»O, ^Œ∞#fl@O KÕÜ«∞~å^Œ∞. ZO_»Å∞ f„==∞ÜÕ∞º H˘nÌ K≥@¡‰õΩh~°∞ „Hõ=∞O `«Ñ¨ÊHõ ÃÑ\Ïìe. <ÕÅÖ’ `Õ=∞ âß`«O xÅHõ_® =ÙO_»∞#@∞¡ K«∂_®e. áê¡<ÀѶ≤H±û 2.5 q∞.b.10 b@~°¡ h\˜Ö’ HõeÑ≤ Ô~O_»∞™ê~°∞¡ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e. J#QÍ Ñ¨Ó`«ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ XHõ™êi =∞iÜ«ÚHÍÜ«∞Å∞ QÀmÃã·AÖ’ =Ù#flѨÙ_»∞ =∞~À™êi Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e.

8. |`åÎ~Ú Ñ¨à◊¡‰õΩ #Å¡\˜ =∞K«ÛÅ∞ =zÛ ‰õΩo§ Ѩ_çáÈ`«∞<åfl~Ú. UO KÕÜ«∂e? (HÍÜ«∞ ~°ã¨O Ñ‘ÖËÛ ã‘`åHÀHõzÅ∞HõÅ∞).

~°ã¨O Ñ‘ÖËÛ ã‘`åHÀHõ zÅ∞HõÅ x"å~°‰õΩ ~å„uѨÓ@ Öˇ·@∞¡ ÃÑ\˜ì, `À@Ö’ JHõ¯_»Hõ¯_® Ñ¨à‹§=ÚÅÖ’=∞ÖÏkäÜ«∂<£ 1 q∞.b =∞O^Œ∞ 1% K«ÔH¯~° ѨO_»¡ ~°ã¨O`À HõeÑ≤ KÕã≤# q+¨Ñ¨Ù Z~°#∞ LOKåe. Ô~Hõ¯ÅѨÙ~°∞QÆ∞Å∞ "≥Å∞`«∞~°∞‰õΩ PHõi¬OѨ|_ç, D q∞„â◊=∂xfl Ñ‘eÛ K«xáÈ`å~Ú.

|`åÎ~ÚÅ∞ ÖË`« ^Œâ◊Ö’ L#flѨÙ_Õ XH˘¯Hõ¯ HÍÜ«∞‰õΩ XHõ `å\ωõΩ |∞@ì Hõ\˜ì D ~°ã¨O Ñ‘ÖËÛ ã‘`åHÀHõzÅ∞HõÅ ÉÏi #∞O_ç HÍáê_»∞HÀ=K«∞Û#∞.

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9. |`åÎ~ÚÖ’ P‰õΩ=Ú_»∞`« =∞iÜ«Ú Ñ≤O_ç #e¡ x"å~° ZÖÏ?

Z. P‰õΩ=Ú_»`« x"å~°‰õΩ XHõ b@~°∞ h\˜H˜ 1.5 q∞.b "≥∂<À„HÀ\’á¶êãπ ÖË^• 2 q∞.b._≥·q∞^äÀÜ≥∞\ò ÖË^• 1.0 q∞.b. ÃѶ<£=Öòˆ~\ò HõeÑ≤ ÖË`« WQÆ∞~°∞ =KÕÛ@ѨÙ_»∞ XHõ™êi, P `«~åfi`«10 ~ÀAʼnõΩ Ô~O_»=™êi =∞O^Œ∞Å#∞ =∂iÛ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e. "ÕѨyO[Å HõëêÜ«∂xfl (4%)Ñ≤zHÍs KÕã≤ ‰õÄ_® nx L^èŒ$ux `«yæOK«=K«∞Û.

a. Ñ≤O_ç #e¡ x"å~°‰õΩ JHÀì|~°∞ – #=O|~°∞Ö’ K≥@∞ì "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ K«∞@∞ì =∞\˜ìÖ’ eO_Õ<£ á⁄_ç 50„QÍ. =∞O^Œ∞#∞ HõÅ∞Ѩ=Öˇ#∞. P‰õΩÅg∞^Œ, HÍÜ«∞Åg∞^Œ ѨÙ~°∞QÆ∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO>Ë Zã≤¿Ñ¶\ò 1 „QÍ.ÖË^• 2.0 q∞.b. "≥∂<À„HÀ\’á¶êãπ ÖË^• HÀ¡iÃÑ·iá¶êãπ b@~°∞ h\˜Ö’ HõeÑ≤ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e.

10. |`åÎ~Ú =∞iÜ«Ú x=∞‡Ö’ P‰õΩ#e¡ =∞iÜ«Ú HÍÜ«∞ÅÃÑ· =∞OQÆ∞#e¡x ZÖÏ QÆ∞iÎOz x"å~°

KÕã¨∞HÀ"åe?

P‰õΩÅÃÑ·#, HÍÜ«∞ÅÃÑ·# #e¡ PtOz ~°™êxfl Ñ‘ÅÛ@O =Å# z#fl z#fl `≥Å¡x =∞K«ÛÅ∞ U~°Ê_»`å~Ú.=∞OQÆ∞#e¡ HÍÜ«∞ÅÃÑ· ~°ã¨O Ñ‘ÅÛ@O =Å# =Ú^Œ∞~°∞ QÀ^èŒ∞=∞ ~°OQÆ∞ ÖË^• T^• ~°OQÆ∞ =∞K«ÛÅ∞ U~°Ê_çHÍÜ«∞ JO`«\Ï =∞OQÆ∞ U~°Ê_»∞`«∞Ok. HÍÜ«∞Å∞ z#flqQÍ LO_ç `˘Hõ¯ QÆ\˜ìQÍ ÃÑÅ∞ã¨∞QÍ#∞ LO_ç ^èŒ~°`«yæáÈ`«∞Ok. g\˜x x"åiOK«_®xH˜ h\˜Ö’ HõiˆQ QÆO^äŒHõO 3 „QÍ. b@~°∞ h\˜H˜ ÖË^• _≥·HÀá¶êÖò 3q∞.b. b@~°∞ h\˜H˜ HõeÑ≤ ÃãÃÑìO|~°∞, JHÀì|~°∞, #=O|~°∞ <≥ÅÖ’¡ <≥ÅHÀ™êi K˘Ñ¨C# Ñ≤zHÍsKÕÜ«∂e.

11. |`åÎ~ÚÖ’ ѨO_»∞ DQÆ x"å~° ZÖÏ?

ѨO_»∞ DQÆ PtOK«_»O =Å# ѨO_»∞ÃÑ· ã¨#fl\˜ ~°O„^ä•Å #∞O_ç „^Œ==Ú T~°∞`«∞Ok. =∞iÜ«Ú DQÆÜ≥ÚHõ¯ Ñ≤Å¡ ѨÙ~°∞QÆ∞Å∞ ѨO_»∞֒Ѩe QÆ∞A˚#∞ fã≤"ÕÜ«∞_»O =Å¡ ѨO_»∞ ‰õΩo§ `«~åfi`« ~åeáÈ`«∞Ok.x"å~°‰õΩ DQÆ PtOz ~åeáÈ~Ú# ѨO_»¡#∞ Ui <åâ◊#O KÕÜ«∂e. =∞iÜ«Ú K≥@∞ì „H˜O^Œ ^Œ∞xfl HÀâ◊ã¨÷^Œâ◊#∞ |Ü«∞Å∞Ѩ~°∞K«∞@ ÖË^• HÍ~°ƒiÖò 10% á⁄_çx Éèí∂q∞Ö’ (50–100 „QÍ. K≥@∞ì‰õΩ) HõÅ∞ѨÙ@ ^•fi~åg\˜x x"åiOK«=K«∞Û#∞. "≥ÚÖÏã≤ãπ / ѨOK«^•~° 200 „QÍ., =∞ÖÏkäÜ«∂<£ 50 q∞.b. 2 b@~°¡ h\˜Ö’HõeÑ≤ Z~°=∞O^Œ∞ Ñ¨à‹§OÖ’ LOz# Ü≥∞_»Å DQÆÅ∞ PHõi¬OѨ|_ç <åâ◊#=∞=Ù`å~Ú.

12. x=∞‡K≥@∞ì "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ^ŒQÆæ~° |OHõ HÍ~°∞`«∞Ok Uq∞ KÕÜ«∂e?

h~°∞ `«fi~°QÍ WOHõ#@∞=O\˜ Éèí∂=ÚÖ’¡#∞, K≥@∞ì "≥Ú^Œà◊§‰õΩ h~°∞ Ѩ^Õ Ñ¨^Õ `«QÆÅ@O =Å¡ |OHõ `≥QÆ∞Å∞K≥@∞¡ HÍO_»OÃÑ· Ptã¨∞ÎOk. `≥QÆ∞Å∞ PtOz#ѨÙ_»∞ K≥@∞ì "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ÃÑ· ɡ~°_»∞ ‰õΩo§ |OHõ HÍ~°∞`«∞Ok. nxx"å~°‰õΩ h~°∞ `«fi~°QÍ WOH˜áÈQÆÅ `À@Ö’¡ "≥ÚHõ¯Å∞ <å\Ïe. K≥@∞ì K«∞@∂ì áê^Œ∞Hõ\˜ì "≥Ú^ŒÅ‰õΩ h~°∞`«QÆʼnõΩO_® K«∂_®e. |OHõ HÍi ‰õΩo§# ɡ~°_»∞#∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ fã≤"Õã≤ ÉÁ~À¤ ¿Ñã¨∞ì ÖË^• HÍѨ~ü PH©ûHÀ¡Ô~·_£

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¿Ñã¨∞ì ѨÓ`« ѨÓÜ«∂e. „Hõ=∞O `«Ñ¨ÊHõ =ÚO^Œ∞ *Ï„QÆ`«ÎQÍ É’~À¤¿Ñã¨∞ì "≥Ú^Œà◊§‰õΩ Ñ¨\˜ìOKåe. H˘=∞‡ÅÃÑ·=KÕÛ |OHõ `≥QÆ∞Å∞ x"å~°‰õΩ b@~°∞ h\˜H˜ HÍ~°ƒO_»l"£∞ 1 „QÍ. HõeÑ≤ K≥@∞ìÃÑ· 15 ~ÀAÅ =º=kèÖ’Ô~O_»∞ ™ê~°∞¡ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e.

13. |`åÎ~ÚÖ’ "Õ~°∞‰õΩà◊√§ =∞iÜ«Ú |OHõ `≥QÆ∞Å∞#∞ ZÖÏ QÆ∞iÎOKåe? x"å~° `≥ÅѨO_ç.

Wk tbO„^Œ=Ú =Å¡ =KÕÛ `≥QÆ∞Å∞. `≥QÆ∞Å∞ „áê~°OÉèí^Œâ◊Ö’ "Õ~°∞¡‰õΩo§ áÈ+¨Hõ Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞, h~°∞ K≥@∞ì‰õΩJO^Œ‰õΩO_® K≥@∞¡ ZO_çáÈ`å~Ú. "Õ~°∞¡ ѨsH˜∆¿ãÎ ‰õΩo§# "åã¨# QÆ=∞xOK«=K«∞Û. `≥QÆ∞Å∞ ™ÈH˜# K≥@∞ìP‰õΩÅ∞ Ѩã¨∞ѨÙQÍ =∂i ZO_çáÈ`å~Ú. `≥QÆ∞Å∞ ™ÈH˜# K≥@∞¡ qѨs`«OQÍ Ñ¨Ó`« Ѩ\˜ì HÍÜ«∞Å∞=Úkˆ~Ö’QÍ K≥@∞¡"å_ç ZO_çáÈ`å~Ú.

D `≥QÆ∞Å∞ x"å~°‰õΩ `≥QÆ∞Å∞ `˘e^Œâ◊Ö’<Õ QÆ=∞xOz K≥@∞ì‰õΩ h~°∞ Hõ\˜ì =∞~°∞ã¨\˜ ~ÀA HÍ~°ƒO_»l"£∞2 „QÍ. =∞iÜ«Ú =∂OHÀ*ˇ\ò 2.5 „QÍ. b@~°∞ h\˜Ö’ HõeÑ≤ K≥@¡ áê^Œ∞Ö’¡ <ÕÅ `«_çKÕÖÏ áÈÜ«∂e.¿ãO„nÜ«∞ Z~°∞=ÙÅ∞ ѨzÛ ~˘@ì Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ "å_®e. 1 H˜Ö’ „>ˇÿHÀ_≥~å‡ qi_ç HõÅÛ~°∞#∞ 90 H˜Ö’¡ Ѩâ◊√=ÙÅZ~°∞=Ù, 10 H˜Ö’Å "ÕѨÑ≤O_ç HõeÑ≤ 5–6 ~ÀAÅ∞ =∂QÆɡ\˜ì K≥@∞ì‰õΩ 10 H˜Ö’Å K˘Ñ¨C# áê^Œ∞Ö’ "Õã≤HõÅÜ«∞ɡ\Ïìe. XHõ H˜Ö’ Ü«¸iÜ«∂ 100 b@~°¡ h\˜Ö’ HõeÑ≤ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e.

14. x=∞‡Ö’ HÍÜ«∞Åq∂^Œ QÆl˚ `≥QÆ∞Å∞ x"å~° ZÖÏ?

x=∞‡Ö’ =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ# `≥QÆ∞Å∞ QÆl˚ `≥QÆ∞Å∞. Wk ÉÏH©ìiÜ«∂=Å¡ =ã¨∞ÎOk. ÖË`« P‰õΩÅÃÑ·, z#fl H˘=∞‡ÅÃÑ·,HÍÜ«∞Å q∂^Œ, =Úà◊§ q∂^Œ, ÃÑ^ŒÌ H˘=∞‡Å q∂^Œ, HÍO_»O q∂^Œ D =∞K«ÛÅ∞ ™ÈH˜ #+¨ìO HõÅ∞QÆ*Ëã¨∞ÎOk.`≥QÆ∞Å∞ =∞ki#^Œâ◊Ö’ K≥@∞¡ ZO_çáÈ`å~Ú. `≥QÆ∞Å∞ ™ÈH˜# K≥@¡ÃÑ· ZO_»∞ѨÙÅ¡ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ HõxÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk.QÆl˚x `«@∞ì‰õΩ<Õ ''ÉÏÖÏl—— x=∞‡~°HõO <å@∞HÀ"åe. `≥QÆ∞Å∞ ™ÈH˜# H˘=∞‡Å∞ HõuÎiOz „ÃãìáÈìÃã·H˜¡<£ 1 „QÍ.=∞iÜ«Ú HÍѨ~ü PH©ûHÀ¡Ô~·_£ 30 „QÍ=ÚÅ∞ 10 b@~°∞¡ h\˜Ö’ HõÅÑ≤ 20 ~ÀAÅ =º=kèÖ’ 2–3 ™ê~°∞¡=~å¬HÍÅOÖ’ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e. K≥@¡ "≥Ú^Œà◊§ÃÑ·#, ÃÑ^ŒÌ H˘=∞‡ÅÃÑ·<å QÆl˚ `≥QÆ∞Å∞ LO>Ë `≥QÆ∞Å∞ L#flɡ~°_»∞#∞ HõuÎ`À wH˜ É’~Àì¿Ñã¨∞ì ѨÓ`« ѨÓÜ«∂e.

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J~°\˜

1. J~°\˜ ѨO_çOK«∞@‰õΩ Z@∞=O\˜ <ÕÅÅ∞ J#∞‰õÄÅO?

™ê~°=O`«"≥∞ÿ# `«y#O`« h\˜ =ã¨u Hõey, h~°∞ WOH˜ áÈÜÕ∞ QÆ∞O`À áê@∞ `«y#O`« ¿ãO„kÜ«∞Ѩ^•~°÷=ÚQÆÅ <ÕÅÅ∞ J#∞‰õÄÅO. ™ê~°=O`«"≥∞ÿ# XO„_»∞<ÕÅÅ∞ „âı+¨ìO. <ÕÅ Ö’`«∞ 1.0 #∞O_ç 1.5 g∞.Ö’`«∞ =ÙO_ç L^Œ[x ã¨∂zHõ 6.5–7.5 =~°‰õΩ =ÙO_®e.

2. J~°\˜ ™êQÆ∞‰õΩ J#∞"≥·# ~°HÍÅ∞ Uq?

Hõ~°∂Ê~° K«ÔH¯~°ˆHo, `≥Å¡ K«ÔH¯~°ˆHo, ÃÑ^ŒÌ ѨK«Û J~°\˜ (~˘|™êì) á⁄\˜ìѨK«Û J~°\˜ ÖË^• "å=∞# Ho (_®fi~üÊùˆH"≥O_ç+π)`À áê@∞ H˘=Ófi~°∞ ÉÁO`« (‰õÄ~° J~°\˜) ~°HÍÅ∞ =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ#q. J=∞$`«áê˜ Ñ¨<å=∂ `≥QÆ∞Å∞#∞`«@∞ìH˘#ÖË^Œ∞ Hõ#∞Hõ "ÕÜ«∞Hõ áÈ=Ù@ =∞Ozk.

3. J~°\˜Ö’ =∂=¸Å∞ Ñ≤ÅHõʼnõΩ, \˜+¨Øº HõÅÛ~ü "≥ÚHõ¯Å∞ "Õã≤# `À@ʼnõΩ QÆÅ `Õ_® Uq∞\˜?

=∂=¸Å∞ Ñ≤ÅHõÅ∞ ¿ãHõiOz# `À@Ö’x p_» Ñ‘_»Å∞ ÖË`« `À@‰õΩ PtOKÕ „Ѩ=∂^Œ=ÚOk. =ÚYºOQÍZ„~°=Ú‰õΩ¯ ѨÙ~°∞QÆ∞ =∞iÜ«Ú "≥·~°ãπ `≥QÆ∞à◊√§ PtOK«=K«∞Û. J^Õ \˜+¨Øº HõÅÛ~ü "≥ÚHõ¯Å∞ ѨÓiÎQÍP~ÀQƺ=O`«"≥∞ÿ#q. XˆH ™êi kQÆ∞|_ç x™êÎ~Ú. J~Ú`Õ <å\˜# `«~°∞"å`« p_»Ñ‘_»Å∞ PtOK«=K«∞Û.=∂=¸Å∞ Ñ≤ÅHõÅ∞ "Õã≤# `À@`À áÈe¿ãÎ \˜+¨Øº HõÅÛ~ü "≥ÚHõ¯Å∞ "Õã≤# `À@ H˘O`« `«fi~°QÍ kQÆ∞|_çxKÕÛ J=HÍâ◊O =ÙOk.

4. J~°\˜ <å@∞@‰õΩ J#∞"≥·# HÍÅO Uk?

J~°\˜x ã¨O=`«û~°O á⁄_»=Ù<å <å@=K«∞Û. J~Ú`Õ Hõ~°∂Ê~° K«ÔH¯~°ˆHo, `≥Å¡ K«ÔH¯~°ˆHo, ÉÁO`« ~°HÍÅ#∞U„Ñ≤Öò – PQÆã¨∞ì <≥ÅÅ =∞^茺 HÍÅOÖ’ <å@∞@ =∞Ozk. ѨK«Û J~°\˜ ~°HÍÅ∞ E<£ #∞O_ç ÃãÃÑìO|~ü=~°‰õΩ <å@∞@‰õΩ J#∞‰õÄÅO.

5. J~°\˜H˜ U~°HõO Z~°∞=ÙÅ∞, ZO`« "≥∂`å^Œ∞Ö’ "ÕÜ«∂e?

J~°\˜H˜ Z~°∞=ÙÅ∞ XH˘¯Hõ¯ "≥ÚHõ¯ K˘Ñ¨C# x~åúiOz# q^èŒOQÍ "ÕÜ«∂e. "≥ÚHõ¯ <å@∞#ѨC_»∞ XH˘¯Hõ¯QÆ∞O@‰õΩ 5 H˜Ö’Å zqH˜# Ѩâ◊√=ÙÅ Z~°∞=Ù`À ÉÏ@∞ 50 „QÍ. ÉèÏã¨fi~åxKÕÛ Z~°∞=Ù#∞ "ÕÜ«∂e.™ê~°=O`«"≥∞ÿ# <ÕÅÖ’¡ K≥@∞ì‰õΩ 200 „QÍ. #„`«[x =∞iÜ«Ú 200 „QÍ. á⁄\Ï+π xKÕÛ Z~°∞=ÙÅ#∞"ÕÜ«∂e. Hõ~°∂Ê~° K«ÔH¯~° ˆHo, H˘=Ófi~°∞ ÉÁO`« ~°HÍʼnõΩ <å\˜# 45,90,135 =∞iÜ«Ú 160 ~ÀAʼnõΩ"ÕÜ«∂e. ÃÑ^ŒÌ ѨK«Û J~°\˜, á⁄\˜ì ѨK«Û J~°\˜ ~°HÍʼnõΩ <å\˜# `«~åfi`« 40,80,120 =∞iÜ«Ú 160~ÀAʼnõΩ "ÕÜ«∂e. `≥Å¡ K«ÔH¯~°ˆHo ~°HÍxH˜ 250 „QÍ.Å #„`«[x, 250 „QÍ. á⁄\Ï+π#∞ 5 ^Œá¶êÅ∞QÍ<å\˜# 35, 70, 105, 140 =∞iÜ«Ú 175 ~ÀAʼnõΩ "ÕÜ«∂e.

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ÉÏQÍ `ÕeHõ ~°HõO <ÕÅÖ’¡ #„`«[x, á⁄\Ï+π Z~°∞=ÙÅ#∞ 50 âß`«O ÃÑOz "Õã¨∞HÀ"åe. K≥@∞ì‰õΩ Ô~O_»∞"≥·Ñ¨ÙÖÏ 10 ÃãO.g∞. Ö’`«∞Ö’ QÆ∞O@Å∞ fã≤ Z~°∞=Ù#∞ "Õã≤ `ÕeHõ áê\˜ `«_ç x"åfie. `À@ =Ü«∞ã¨∞û#∞|\˜ì "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ #∞O_ç Z~°∞=ÙÅ∞ "ÕÜ«∞=Åã≤# ^Œ∂~°O ÃÑOKåe.

6. J~°\˜ `À@‰õΩ „_çÑπ Ѩ^ŒúuÖ’ h~°∞ÃÑ@∞ì@=Å¡ LѨÜ≥∂QÆO Uq∞?

„_çÑπ ^•fi~å h~°∞ ÃÑ@∞ì@ =Å¡ 40 âß`«O =~°‰õΩ P^• KÕÜ«∞=K«∞Û. „_çÑπ ^•fi~å Z~°∞=ÙÅ∞ JOkOK«∞@=Å¡ 25–50 âß`«O =~°‰õΩ P^• KÕÜ«Ú@ÜÕ∞ QÍHõ 20–30 ~ÀAÅ∞ ѨO@ HÍÅѨiq∞u `«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok.kQÆ∞|_ç 20 âß`«O ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. p_»Ñ‘_»Å∞ =∞iÜ«Ú HõÅ∞Ѩ٠ã¨=∞㨺Å∞ `«QÆ∞æ`å~Ú. J~Ú`Õ ÉèÏã¨fi~°OZ~°∞=Ù#∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ "≥ÚHõ¯ <å@∞#ѨC_»∞ QÀuÖ’ "ÕÜ«∂e.

7. J~°\˜Ö’ HõÅ∞Ѩ٠x"å~°‰õΩ "å_»=Åã≤# HõÅ∞Ѩ٠=∞O^Œ∞Å∞ Uq?

Ñ≤ÅHõ <å\˜# "≥O@<Õ, HõÅ∞Ѩ٠"≥ÚÅ=Hõ =ÚO^Œ∞ ZHõ~å‰õΩ |∞\ÏHÀ¡~ü (2.0 b.) ÖËHõ JÖÏHÀ¡~ü (1 b.)ÖËHõ ÃÑO_çq∞^ä•e<£ (1 b.) ÖËHõ PH©ûá¶È¡~üÃѶ<£ (300 q∞.b.) ÅÖ’ U^Õx XHõ ^•xx 200 b@~°¡ h\˜Ö’HõeÑ≤ K«ÖÏ¡e. Éèí∂q∞Ö’ `«y#O`« `Õ=∞ =ÙO_®e. Zky# HõÅ∞Ѩ٠"≥ÚHõ¯Å x"å~°‰õΩ 0.4 âß`«Oáê~åHÍfi\ò =∞O^Œ∞#∞ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e. "≥ÚO_ç *Ïu HõÅ∞Ѩ٠"≥ÚHõ¯Å x"å~°‰õΩ ÔQ¡Âá¶⁄¿ã\ò =∞O^Œ∞#∞b@~°∞ h\˜H˜ 10 q∞.b. K˘Ñ¨C# HõeÑ≤ J~°\˜ "≥ÚHõ¯ÅÃÑ· Ѩ_»‰õΩO_® Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e.

8. J~°\˜ P‰õΩÅ∞ z=~° #∞O_ç ZO_çáÈ`«∞<åfl~Ú. x"å~° Uq∞\˜?

Wk á⁄\Ï+π ֒ѨO =Å¡ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. x"å~°‰õΩ P‰õΩÅÃÑ· á⁄\Ï+≤Ü«∞O ã¨ÖËÊù\ò b@~°∞ h\˜H˜ 5 „QÍ.Å K˘Ñ¨C# HõeÑ≤ 7–10 ~ÀAÅ =º=kèÖ’ 2 ÖËHõ 3 ™ê~°∞¡ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e.

9. J~°\˜Ö’ ÔQÅ Ãã·A ÃÑ~°QÍÅO>Ë UO KÕÜ«∂e?

ÔQÅ "Õã≤# `«~°∞"å`« ÔQÅÖ’ ǨϙêÎÅ ã¨OYº#∞ QÍh, HÍÜ«∞Å ã¨OYº#∞ QÍh ÃÑOK«∞@‰õΩ gÅ∞QÍ^Œ∞.|Å"≥∞ÿ# ÔQÅÅ H˘~°‰õΩ ã≤á¶ê~°∞û KÕã≤# Z~°∞=ÙÅ#∞ „Hõ=∞O `«Ñ¨ÊHõ <å\˜# 210 ~ÀAŠ֒Ѩ٠"ÕÜ«∂e.

10. J~°\˜Ö’ P‰õΩÅÃÑ· =∞K«Ûefl ZÖÏ x"åiOKåe?

J~°\˜ P‰õΩ Ô~O_»∞"≥·Ñ¨ÙÖÏ áêeáÈ~Ú# Ѩã¨∞Ѩ٠ѨK«ÛÖË^• Ѩã¨∞Ѩ٠~°OQÆ∞`À q∞o`«"≥∞ÿ# =∞K«ÛÅ∞#∂Å∞HõO_≥ PHÍ~°O`À =∞K«Û =∞^茺ÉèÏQÆO T^•~°OQÆ∞`À D<≥ʼnõΩ ã¨=∂O`«~°OQÍ U~°Ê_»`å~Ú.W@∞=O\˜ =∞K«ÛÅ∞ P‰õΩÅ JOK«∞Å =^ŒÌ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ U~°Ê_»`å~Ú. P‰õΩÅ∞ =∂_ç#@∞¡QÍ LO_ç P‰õΩÅ`˘_ç=∞ qiy „"Õàϧ_»∞`«∂ LO\Ï~Ú. ÔQÅÅ∞ `«Ü«∂~°ÜÕ∞º ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ `≥QÆ∞Å∞ f„="≥∞ÿ`Õ #+¨ìO Z‰õΩ¯=QÍLO@∞Ok.

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`≥QÆ∞Å∞ ™ÈH˜# P‰õΩÅ#∞ HÍeÛ"ÕÜ«∂e. =Ú~°∞QÆ∞ h~°∞ áÈÜÕ∞ =ã¨u HõeÊOKåe. =~å¬HÍÅ „áê~°OÉèí^Œâ◊Ö’2.5 „QÍ. =∂OHÀ*ˇÉò ÖË^• 2 „QÍ. HÀ¡~À^ä•Ö’xÖò b@~°∞ h\˜H˜ HõeÑ≤ Ñ≤zHÍi KÕÜ«∂e. =~å¬HÍÅOÖ’`≥QÆ∞Å∞ f„=`« Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ L#fl@¡~Ú`Õ „>ˇÿ_ç=∂~üÊù ÖË^• „áÈÑ≤H˘#*’Öò 1 q∞.b. b@~°∞ h\˜H˜ HõeÑ≤Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e.

11. J~°\˜ P‰õΩÅ∞ QÆ∞`«∞ÎÅ∞QÍ =∂iáÈ`«∞#fl~Ú nxH˜ x"å~° K«~°ºÅ∞ ZÖÏ KÕѨ\Ïìe.

D `≥QÆ∞Å∞ "≥·~°ãπ =Å¡ =ã¨∞ÎOk. D `≥QÆ∞Å∞ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ÅHõ∆ÏÅ∞ "≥ÚHõ¯ U ^Œâ◊Ö’<≥·# HõxÑ≤OK«=K«Û. P‰õΩÅ`˘_ç=∞ÅÃÑ·# =∞iÜ«Ú D<≥Å "≥O|_ç =Ú^Œ∞~°∞ P‰õΩѨK«Û Kå~°Å∞ U~°Ê_»@O nx „Ѩ^è•# ÅHõ∆O. P‰õΩÅJOK«∞Å∞ JÅÅ =∂ki ֒Ѩe "≥·Ñ¨ÙH˜ K«∞@∞ì‰õΩO\Ï~Ú."≥ÚHõ¯Å∞ y_»ã¨ÉÏi, x\Ï~°∞QÍ LO_ç "≥ÚHõ¯Å∞ÔQÅÅ∞ "ÕÜ«∞Hõ áÈ=_»O D `≥QÆ∞Å∞ "≥ÚHõ¯ ÅHõ∆ÏÅ∞.

D `≥QÆ∞Å∞ ^Œ∞OѨŠ^•fi~å =∞iÜ«Ú ¿Ñ#∞ ѨÙ~°∞QÆ∞ ^•fi~å "åºÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk. q`«Î#Ѩ٠Ñ≤ÅHõÅ#∞P~ÀQƺ=O`«"≥∞ÿ# `À@Å#∞O_ç =∂„`«"Õ∞ ¿ãHõiOKåe. ¿Ñ#∞|OHõ x"å~°‰õΩ q∞^ä≥·Öò _≥q∞\Ï<£ 1.0q∞.b. ÖË^• "≥∂<À„HÀ\’á¶êãπ 1.6 q∞.b. b@~°∞ h\˜H˜ HõeÑ≤ Ñ≤zHÍi KÕÜ«∂e.

12. J~°\˜Ö’ Ѩ<å=∂ `≥QÆ∞Å∞ x"å~° `≥ÅѨO_ç.

`≥QÆ∞Å∞ ÅHõ∆ÏÅ∞ "≥ÚHõ¯ U ^Œâ◊Ö’<≥·# HõxÑ≤OK«=K«∞Û#∞. =Ú^Œ∞~°∞ P‰õΩÅ∞ Ѩã¨∞Ѩ٠~°OQÆ∞‰õΩ =∂i =_çeP‰õΩ `˘_ç=∞Å =^ŒÌ qiy HÍO_®xH˜ ã¨=∂O`«~°OQÍ „"Õàϧ_»∞`«∂ LO\Ï~Ú. `≥QÆ∞Å∞ f„=OQÍ L#flѨC_»∞HÍO_»O xÅ∞=ÙQÍ pe LO@∞Ok. "≥ÚHõ¯Å ^Œ∞OѨÅ#∞ HÀã≤ ѨijeOz`Õ Ö’Ñ¨Å Hõ*ÏÅOã¨Ç¨Ï[~°OQÆ∞#∞ HÀÖ’Ê~Ú HõxÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk.

D `≥QÆ∞Å∞ q`«Î#Ѩ٠Ñ≤ÅHõÅ ^•fi~å =∞iÜ«Ú =∞\˜ì ^•fi~å "åºÑ≤ ã¨∞ÎOk. J=∞$`«áê˜ ~°HõO D `≥QÆ∞Å∞‰õΩѨÓiÎQÍ ÖÁOy áÈ`«∞Ok.

D `≥QÆ∞Å∞#∞ JiHõ@ì_®xH˜ P~ÀQƺ=O`«"≥∞ÿ# q`«Î# ZOÑ≤Hõ, „"Õà◊§‰õΩ QÍÜ«∂Å∞ H͉õΩO_® K«∂_®e.q`«Î<åxfl HÍ~°ƒO_»l"£∞ „^•=HõOÖ’ 1 „QÍ. b@~°∞ h\˜Ö’ =ÚOz <å\˜ =∞~°ÖÏ W^Õ =∞O^Œ∞`À Ô~O_»∞<≥ÅÅH˘Hõ™êi <å\˜# P~°∞<≥ÅÅ `«~åfi`« "≥ÚHõ¯Å "≥Ú^Œà◊√§ ÉÏQÍ `«_çKÕÖÏ áÈÜ«∂e.

13. J~°\˜Ö’ "≥„i `≥QÆ∞Å∞ x"å~° ZÖÏ?

J~°\˜Ö’ "≥„i`≥QÆ∞Å∞ ^Œ∞OѨŠ^•fi~å =∞iÜ«Ú J~°\˜ ¿Ñ#∞|OHõ ^•fi~å "åºÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk. "≥„i `≥QÆ∞Å∞x"å~°‰õΩ q`«Î<åxfl *Ï„QÆ`«ÎQÍ ¿ãHõiOKåe. `≥QÆ∞ÖÏtOz# "≥ÚHõ¯Å#∞ ^Œ∞OѨÅÖ’ H˜~Àã≤<£ áÈã≤`«QÆ∞Åɡ\Ïìe. `≥QÆ∞Å∞#∞ QÆ∞iÎOK«\ÏxH˜ „Ѩu"≥ÚHõ¯#∞ `«~°∞K«∞QÍ Ñ¨ijeOKåe. ¿Ñ#∞|OHõ x"å~°‰õΩ_≥·q∞^äÀÜ≥∞\ò 2.0 q∞.b., q∞^ä≥·Öò _≥q∞\Ï<£ 1.0 q∞.b. ÖË^• "≥∂<À„HÀ\’á¶êãπ 1.6 q∞.b b@~°∞ h\˜H˜HõeÑ≤ K«Å¡@O =O\˜ K«~°ºÅ∞ KÕѨ\Ïìe.

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*Ï=∞

1. *Ï=∞Ö’ ~°HÍÅ∞ Uq, ZHõ¯_» ^˘~°∞‰õΩ`å~Ú?

*Ï=∞Ö’ `≥Å¡, Z„~°*Ï=∞ ~°HÍÅ∞<åfl~Ú. WO^Œ∞Ö’ JÅǨÉÏ^£ 㨿Ѷ^• =∞iÜ«Ú ã¨~åÌ~ü (ÅHÀfl – 49)~°HÍÅ∞ =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ#q. Wq HÍHõ 㨿Ѷ^£ *Ï=∞, H˘Ç≤Ï~ü 㨿Ѷ^•, ÃãÅHõ∆<£–8 ~°HÍÅ∞ ‰õÄ_» "ÕÜ«∞=K«∞Û. <ÕÅJO@∞¡ QÍx QÍe JO@∞¡ QÍx <å@∞HÀ"åe. "≥ÚHõ¯Å H˘~°‰õΩ „Ñ≤xûѨÖò Ãã·O\˜ãπì, Ѷ¨ÅѨiâ’^èŒ<å ™ê÷#O,ã¨OQÍÔ~_ç¤, "≥∞^ŒH± lÖÏ¡ "åix HÍx, Jã≤ÃãìO\ò _≥·Ô~Hõì~ü PÑπ ǨiìHõÅÛ~ü, L^•º# #~°ûs, JK«∞º`åѨÙ~°O,Y=∞‡O lÖÏ¡ "åix HÍx ã¨O„ѨkOK«O_ç.

2. *Ï=∞ "≥ÚHõ¯Å∞ ZO`« ^Œ∂~°OÖ’ ZÖÏ <å\Ïe?

*Ï=∞ JO@¡#∞ 60˛60˛60 ÃãO.g∞. Ãã·A QÆ∞O`«Å∞ 6˛6 g∞. ^Œ∂~°OÖ’ `«qfi „Ѩu QÆ∞O`«‰õΩ 15H˜Ö’ŠѨâ◊√=ÙÅ Z~°∞=Ù, 1 H˜Ö’ ã¨∂Ѩ~ü á¶ê¿ãÊ\ò HõeÑ≤ xOÑ≤ QÆ∞O`« =∞^茺֒ "≥ÚHõ¯#∞ <å\Ïe.

3. *Ï=∞ "≥ÚHõ¯‰õΩ UÜÕ∞ Z~°∞=ÙÅ∞ "å_®e?

=Ü«∞ã¨∞û#∞ |\˜ì Z~°∞=ÙÅ∞ "ÕÜ«∂e. <å\˜# "≥Ú^Œ\˜ ã¨O=`«û~°O 15 H˜Ö’Å∞, Ô~O_»= ã¨O=`«û~°O 30H˜Ö’ŠѨâ◊√=ÙÅ Z~°∞=Ù "ÕÜ«∂e. =¸_»= ã¨O=`«û~°O „Ѩu "≥ÚHõ¯‰õΩ 45 H˜Ö’ŠѨâ◊√=ÙÅ Z~°∞=Ù`ÀÉÏ@∞ 150:60:75 „QÍ. #„`«[x, ÉèÏã¨fi~°O, á⁄\Ï+π Z~°∞=ÙÅ#∞ "ÕÜ«∂e. 4 ã¨O=`«û~°=ÚÅ∞. PÃÑ·#"≥ÚHõ¯‰õΩ 60 H˜Ö’ŠѨâ◊√=ÙÅ Z~°∞=Ù`À ÉÏ@∞ 4 H˜Ö’Å P=Ú^ŒO Ñ≤O_ç =∞iÜ«Ú 300:125:150 „QÍ.#„`«[x, ÉèÏã¨fi~°O, á⁄\Ï+π Z~°∞=ÙÅ#∞ "ÕÜ«∂e.

4. *Ï=∞K≥@∞ì P‰õΩÅ∞ `≥Å¡QÍ =∂i, K≥@∞¡ ã¨iQÍ Z^ŒQÆ_»O ÖË^Œ∞. UO KÕÜ«∂e?

nx x"å~°‰õΩ b@~°∞ h\˜H˜ 3 „QÍ. lOH± ã¨ÖËÊù\ò HõeÑ≤ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕã≤ x"åiOK«=K«∞Û. ã≤á¶ê~°∞û KÕã≤#Z~°∞=ÙÅ#∞ Ѩâ◊√=ÙÅ Z~°∞=Ù`À ÉÏ@∞ "ÕÜ«∂e.

5. *Ï=∞K≥@∞ì P‰õΩÅ∞ Z„~°QÍ J=Ù`«∞<åfl~Ú. UO KÕÜ«∂e?

x"å~°‰õΩ b@~°∞ h\˜H˜ 2 „QÍ. "≥∞wfl+≤Ü«∞O ã¨ÖËÊù\ò HõeÑ≤ 15 ~ÀAÅ =º=kèÖ’ Ô~O_»∞™ê~°∞¡ Ñ≤zHÍsKÕÜ«∂e. h\˜ Z^ŒÌ_ç ÖˉõΩO_® h\˜ `«_»∞e"åfie.

6. *Ï=∞ HÍѨ٠ã¨iQÍ ÖË^Œ∞. UO KÕÜ«∂e?

HÍѨ٠HÀã≤# `«~°∞"å`« ѨÓ`« H˘~°‰õΩ XHõ <≥Åáê@∞ h~°∞ áêiOK«‰õΩO_® P~°Éˇ\˜ì, `«~°∞"å`« Z~°∞=ÙÅ∞ "Õã≤h~°∞ ÃÑ\˜ì`Õ `À@ zQÆ∞iOz ѨÓ`« H˘zÛ =∞Oz kQÆ∞|_ç á⁄O^Œ=K«∞Û. nx<Õ '|Ǩ~ü Ѩ^Œúu— JO\Ï~°∞.D q^è•#O =Å¡ =∂Ô~¯\ò _ç=∂O_£#∞ |\˜ì ѨO@#∞ „Hõ=∞|nÌHõiOK«=K«∞Û. =∞Oz kQÆ∞|_»∞ʼnõΩ

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¿ãO„kÜ«∞ Z~°∞=ÙÅ`À áê@∞ ã≤á¶ê~°∞û KÕã≤# Z~°∞=ÙÅ∞ "å_®e. h~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ áê~°x=fi~å^Œ∞. HÍÜ«∞ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ ^Œâ◊Ö’ h\˜ Z^ŒÌ_ç ~å‰õΩO_» K«∂ã¨∞HÀ"åe. ÖˉõΩO>Ë HÍÜ«∞ ~åÖË J=HÍâ◊O =ÙOk.

7. *Ï=∞Ö’ `≥Å¡^À=∞ x"å~° ZÖÏ?

~å„`«∞ÅO^Œ∞ lQÆ∞~°∞ ("ÕlÖˇ·<£) ѨÓã≤# |OHõ Z~°#∞ PtOz# K≥@¡=^ŒÌ =ÙOz ÃÑ^ŒÌ ^À=∞Å#∞x"åiOK«=K«∞Û. "ÕѨ#∂<≥ 0.5 q∞.b. b@~°∞ h\˜Ö’ HõeÑ≤ Ñ≤zHÍi KÕã≤ `≥Å¡^À=∞ f„=`«#∞`«yæOK«=K«∞Û.

8. *Ï=∞Ö’ ѨO_»∞ DQÆ x"å~° ZÖÏ?

ѨO_»∞ DQÆ PtOz ~åeáÈ~Ú# ѨO_»¡#∞ Ui <åâ◊#O KÕÜ«Ú@ =∞iÜ«Ú K≥@∞ìH˜O^Œ ^Œ∞xfl HÀâ◊ã¨÷ ^Œâ◊#∞|Ü«∞Å∞Ѩ~°K«∞@ ÖË^• HÍ~°ƒiÖò 10% á⁄_çx Éèí∂q∞Ö’ 50–100 „QÍ. K≥@∞ì‰õΩ) HõÅ∞ѨÙ@ ^•fi~å g\˜xx"åiOK«=K«∞Û#∞. "≥ÚÖÏã≤ãπ /ѨOK«^•~° 200 „QÍ. =∞ÖÏkäÜ«∂<£ 50 q∞.b. 2 b@~°¡ h\˜Ö’ HõeÑ≤Z~° =∞O^Œ∞ Ñ¨à‹§OÖ’ LOz# Ü≥∞_»Å DQÆÅ∞ PHõi¬OK«|_ç <åâ◊#=∞=Ù`å~Ú.

ã¨áÈ@1. ã¨áÈ\ ™êQÆ∞‰õΩ J#∞"≥·# <ÕÅÅ∞, ~°HÍÅ∞ Uq?

h~°∞ WOˆH ã¨fiÉèÏ=O QÆÅ Jxfl <ÕÅÅ∞ J#∞‰õÄÅO. =∞# ~åROÖ’ Jxfl lÖÏ¡Ö’¡ ѨO_çOK«=K«∞Û. L^Œ[xã¨∂zHõ =¸=¸Å∞ Hõ#fl Z‰õΩ¯= (8.5–9.0) =Ù#fl Éèí∂=ÚÅÖ’ ‰õÄ_» ™êQÆ∞ KÕÜ«∞=K«∞Û. `ÕeHõ <ÕÅÖ’¡`«fi~°QÍ Zky =∞Oz kQÆ∞|_ç xã¨∞ÎOk. ~°HÍÅÖ’ ã≤OQÆѨÓ~ü, HÍeѨuÎ ~°HÍÅ∞ „Ѩã≤kú K≥Ok#q. WqxÅfi‰õΩ, ZQÆ∞=∞uH˜ J#∞‰õÄÅOQÍ =ÙO\Ï~Ú. Wq HÍHõ áêÅ ã¨áÈ@, „H˜ÔH\òÉÏÖò, H©iÎ |iÎ,Ñ≤.ÔH.Ü«∞O–1, Ñ≤.ÔH.Ü«∞O–3, ^•fi~°Ñ¨Ó_ç, ÉÏOÉË, QÆ∞uÎ ~°HÍÅ∞ ‰õÄ_» "ÕÜ«∞=K«∞Û.

2. ã¨áÈ\ "≥ÚHõ¯Å#∞ ZÖÏ <å@∞HÀ"åe?

H˘=∞‡O@∞ ^•fi~å „Ñ¨=~°÷#O KÕã≤# "≥ÚHõ¯Å#∞ 10˛10 g∞@~°¡ ^Œ∂~°OÖ’ <å\Ïe. JO^Œ∞‰õΩ 1˛1˛1g∞. QÆ∞O`«Å#∞ `«qfi, `«qfi# =∞\˜ìH˜ 25–30 H˜Ö’ŠѨâ◊√=ÙÅ Z~°∞=Ù, 2 H˜Ö’Å ã¨∂Ѩ~ü á¶ê¿ãÊ\ò, 100„QÍ. 2 âß`«O ÃÑ~åkäÜ«∂<£ á⁄_ç =∞O^Œ∞ HõeÑ≤ xOáêe. JO@¡#∞ QÆ∞O@ =∞^茺֒, JO@∞ ÉèÏQÆOÉèí∂q∞ÃÑ·H˜ =ÙO_Õ q^èŒOQÍ <å\Ïe.

3. ã¨áÈ\ =∞Oz kQÆ∞|_çH˜ U Z~°∞=ÙÅ∞"å_®e?

ã¨áÈ\ K≥@∞ì Z^Œ∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ‰õΩ, kQÆ∞|_çH˜ ã≤á¶ê~°∞û KÕã≤# Z~°∞=ÙÅ#∞ "ÕÜ«∂e. 1–3 ã¨O=`«û~°=ÚÅ=Ü«∞ã¨∞û "≥ÚHõ¯Å‰õΩ 50:20:75 „QÍ., 4–5 ã¨O=`«û~°=ÚÅ "≥ÚHõ¯Å‰õΩ 100:40:150 „QÍ., 6–8ã¨O=`«û~°=ÚÅ "≥ÚHõ¯Å‰õΩ 200:80:300 „QÍ. 8 ã¨O=`«û~°=ÚÅ∞, PÃÑ· =Ü«∞ã¨∞ûQÆÅ "≥ÚHõ¯Å‰õΩ

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400:160:450 „QÍ. #„`«[x, ÉèÏã¨fi~°O, á⁄\Ï+π Z~°∞=ÙÅ`À ÉÏ@∞ Ѩâ◊√=ÙÅ Z~°∞=ÙÅ∞ "ÕÜ«∂e.Z~°∞=ÙÅ#∞ `˘ÅHõi "ÕÜ«Ú@ =∞Ozk. "Õã≤# `«~°∞"å`« `ÕeHõ áê\˜ `«_ç W"åfie.

4. ã¨áÈ@ ѨO_»∞¡ ã¨iQÍ Ñ¨O_»@O ÖË^Œ∞. UO KÕÜ«∂e?

ѨHÍfixH˜ =zÛ# ѨO_»¡<Õ HÀÜ«∂e J#QÍ |OQÍàÏ^Œ∞OѨ ~°OQÆ∞Ö’ =Ù#fl ѨO_»¡#∞ HÀÜ«∂e. =Ú^Œ~°xÖË`« HÍÜ«∞Å#∞ HÀ¿ãÎ ã¨iQÍ Ñ¨O_»=Ù. HÀã≤# ѨO_»¡#∞ QÆ∞@ìQÍ HÍHõ ѨÅ∞K«QÍ Zéz, QÆ_ç¤`À HõÑ≤Ê# Z_»ÅÉÏQÍ Ñ¨O_»∞`å~Ú.

5. ѨO_ç# ã¨áÈ\Ï Ñ¨O_»¡Ö’ ֒Ѩe QÆ∞A˚ QÆ\˜ìQÍ LO_ç fÑ≤QÍ LO_»@=ÚÖË^Œ∞. HÍ~°=Ú Uq∞?

nxx ã¨Ç¨Ï[=ÚQÍ ZO_®HÍÅ=ÚÖ’ =KÕÛ Ñ¨O_»¡Ö’ QÆ=∞xOK«=K«∞Û. hà◊√§ ã¨iQÍ ÖËx `À@Ö’ =∞iÜ«Ú<ÕÅ LëÈ‚„QÆ`« ÃÑiy#ѨC_»∞ W@∞=O\˜ ѨO_»∞¡ ã¨Ç¨Ï[=Ú.

^•x=∞‡1. ^•x=∞‡#∞ U „áêO`åÖ’¡ ѨO_çOK«=K«∞Û?

j`åHÍÅOÖ’ K«e, "Õã¨qÖ’ "Õ_ç`À á⁄_ç "å`å=~°O QÆÅ „áêO`åÖ’¡ <åº"≥∞ÿ# kQÆ∞|_ç á⁄O^Œ=K«∞Û.HÀ™êÎ f~° „áêO`åÅ∞ J#∞‰õÄÅO HÍ^Œ∞. ã¨∞#flѨ٠âß`«O, H∆Í~°`« H˘kÌQÍ JkèHõOQÍ =Ù#fl Éèí∂=ÚÖ’¡ QÆ∂_»^•x=∞‡#∞ ™êQÆ∞KÕÜ«∞=K«∞Û. Ö’`≥·#, ™ê~°=O`«"≥∞ÿ# =Ú~°∞QÆ∞ h~°∞ áÈÜÕ∞ gÅ∞QÆÅ <ÕÅÅ∞J#∞‰õÄÅ"≥∞ÿ#q. h\˜ Z^ŒÌ_ç, Z‰õΩ¯= =~°¬áê`«O, QÍeÖ’ `Õ=∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ =Ù#fl „áêO`åÖ’¡ ™êQÆ∞KÕÜ«∞~å^Œ∞.

2. ^•x=∞‡Ö’ <å@∞HÀ=Åã≤# ~°HÍÅ∞ Uq?

QÆË+π, =∞$^Œ∞Å, |QÆ∞= =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ#q. z=i Ô~O_»∞ ~°HÍÅÖ’ yO[Å∞ =Ú^Œ∞~°∞ Z~°∞Ѩ٠~°OQÆ∞Ö’=ÙO\Ï~Ú. <ÕÅ ã¨fiÉèÏ"åxfl "å`å=~°Ïxfl |\˜ì ^Œ∂~åxfl x~°‚~ÚOK«∞ HÀ"åe. 5˛2 g∞. ^Œ∂~°OÖ’<å\Ïe. HõuÎiOѨÙÅ ^•fi~å K≥@∞ì Ѩi=∂Ïxfl xÜ«∞O„uOK«=K«∞Û. „_çÑπ q^è•#OÖ’ h~°∞ JOkOKÕ„Hõ=∞OÖ’ E<£ #∞O_ç =∂iÛ =~°‰õΩ <å@∞HÀ=K«∞Û. <ÕÅJO@∞¡, QÍeJO@∞¡ ÖË^• H˘=∞‡Å ^•fi~å„Ѩ=~°ú#O KÕã≤# "≥ÚHõ¯Å#∞ 60˛60˛60 ÃãO.g∞. QÆ∞O`«Å∞ fã≤, =∞\˜ìH˜ 20 H˜Ö’ŠѨâ◊√=ÙÅ Z~°∞=Ù,1 H˜Ö’ ã¨∂Ѩ~ü á¶ê¿ãÊ\ò, 100 „QÍ=ÚÅ eO_Õ<£ á⁄_çx HõeÑ≤ xOáêe.

3. ^•x=∞‡ JkèHõ kQÆ∞|_çH˜ U Z~°∞=ÙÅ∞ "å_®e?

HÍѨÙH˘zÛ# K≥@¡‰õΩ XH˜¯O\˜H˜ 30 H˜Ö’ŠѨâ◊√=ÙÅ Z~°∞=Ù, 625 „QÍ. #„`«[x, 250 „QÍ. ÉèÏã¨fi~°O,250 „QÍ. á⁄\Ï+π Z~°∞=ÙÅ#∞ ^Œá¶êÅ∞QÍ HÍÜ«∞ ZkˆQ ^Œâ◊Ö’¡ "ÕÜ«∂e. lOH± ֒Ѩ x"å~°‰õΩ b@~°∞h\˜H˜ 5 „QÍ. lOH±ã¨ÖËÊù\ò HõeÑ≤ H˘`«Î zQÆ∞~°∞ =Ù#flѨC_»∞ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e.

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4. ^•x=∞‡ HÍÜ«∞ ѨQÆ∞Å∞#∞ x"åiOK«@O ZÖÏ?<ÕÅÖ’ h\˜ âß`«O XˆH q^èŒOQÍ =ÙO_»∞#@∞¡ K«∂_®e. =ÚYºOQÍ =∂iÛ #∞O_ç AÖˇ· =~°‰õΩ `Õ=∞ã¨=∞OQÍ =ÙO_®e. b@~°∞ h\˜H˜ 2.5 „QÍ. K˘Ñ¨C# ÉÁ~åH±û#∞ HõeÑ≤ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕã≤ QÍx, áê^Œ∞‰õΩ 15„QÍ. ÉÁ~åH±û "Õã≤ QÍx É’~å<£ Ö’áêxfl x"åiOz HÍÜ«∞ ѨQÆ∞Å∞#∞ JiHõ@ì=K«∞Û.

5. ^•x=∞‡ HÍѨÙ#∞ xÜ«∞O„uOz JkèHõ kQÆ∞|_ç á⁄O^Œ∞@‰õΩ UO KÕÜ«∂e?™ê^è•~°OQÍ ^•x=∞‡ E<£–AÖˇ· =∞iÜ«Ú Ñ¶≤„|=i–=∂iÛ <≥ÅÖ’¡ ѨÓ`« H˘ã¨∞ÎOk. =∂Ô~¯\ò =∞iÜ«Ú"å`å=~°Ïxfl |\˜ì U^À XHõ ^•x #∞O_ç ѨO@#∞ fã¨∞HÀ"åe. nxH˘~°‰õΩ |Ǩ~ü Ѩ^Œúux áê\˜OKåe.JO>Ë Ñ¨O@HÀ`« `«~°∞"å`« =∞~°Å ѨÓ`« ѨÓÜ«ÚHÍÖÏxH˜ XHõ <≥Å =ÚO^Œ∞ =~°‰õΩ h\˜ áê~°∞^ŒÅ#∞xeÑ≤"Õ¿ãΠѨO@HÍÖÏxfl J^Œ∞ѨÙÖ’ =ÙOK«=K«∞Û. K≥@¡‰õΩ q„âßOu xKÕÛ ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ z=i H˘=∞‡Å#∞10–15 ÃãO.g∞. á⁄_»=Ù HõuÎiOz, `«~°∞"å`« =zÛ# H˘=∞‡ÅÖ’ 2–3 =ÙOz q∞ye#q fã≤"Õã≤# Z_»Å|Å"≥∞ÿ# H˘=∞‡ÅÃÑ· Ñ≤O^≥Å∞ U~°Ê_ç HÍÜ«∞Ãã·A ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. K≥@∞ì‰õΩ 60–80 HÍÜ«∞ʼnõΩ q∞Oz=ÙOK«~å^Œ∞. ÖËxKÀ HÍÜ«∞ |~°∞=Ù `«yæ ^èŒ~° `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ =ÙO@∞Ok. HÍÜ«∞ `˘Å∞K«∞ ѨÙ~°∞QÆ∞ =∞iÜ«Ú HÍÜ«∞=∞K«Û JiHõ@ì_®xH˜ J=ã¨~°"≥∞ÿ# ã¨ã¨º~°Hõ∆ K«~°ºÅ#∞ ѨÓ`« ^Œâ◊#∞O_ç KÕѨ\Ïìe.

6. P‰õΩÅÃÑ· =∞K«ÛÅ∞ HõxÑ≤ã¨∞Î<åfl~Ú. ZÖÏ x"åiOKåe?^•x=∞‡Ö’ =∞K«Û `≥QÆ∞Å∞ ÃãÃÑìO|~°∞ – #=O|~°∞ =∂™êÅÖ’ JkèHõOQÍ LO@∞Ok. P‰õΩÅÃÑ· z#flQÀ^èŒ∞=∞ ~°OQÆ∞ =∞K«ÛÖË~°Ê_»`å~Ú. „Hõ"Õ∞Ñ≤ Wk ÃÑiy QÆ∞O„_»x ÖËHõ PHõ$u ÖËx =∞K«ÛÅ∞ U~°Ê_»`å~Ú.W@∞O\˜ =∞K«ÛÅ∞ ѨÓÅÃÑ· HÍÜ«∞ `˘‰õΩ¯ÃÑ· U~°Ê_»`å~Ú. HÍÜ«∞ÅÃÑ· JQÍi# =∞K«ÛÅ∞ U~°Ê_»@O =Å#HÍÜ«∞Å∞ qHÍ~°OQÍ LO_ç <åº`« HÀÖ’Ê`å~Ú.`≥QÆ∞Å∞ x"å~°‰õΩ ^䌌Ü≥∂á¶ê<Õ\ò q∞^ä≥·Öò 1 „QÍ. b@~°∞ h\˜Ö’ HõeÑ≤ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e.

ã‘`åѶ¨ÅO

1. ã‘`åѶ¨ÅO `À@ "ÕÜ«Ú@‰õΩ U ~°HõO J#∞‰õÄÅO. ZÖÏ "ÕÜ«∂e?=∞# ~åROÖ’ "å˜[º Ѩ~°OQÍ ™êQÆ∞ KÕÜ«Ú@‰õΩ ÉÏÖÏ#QÆ~ü ~°HõO J#∞‰õÄÅO. H˘=∞‡O@∞ ^•fi~å„Ѩ=~°÷#O KÕã≤# "≥ÚHõ¯Å∞ „âı+¨ìO. ZHõ~å‰õΩ 160–250 K≥@¡ =~°‰õΩ 4–5 g∞@~°¡ Z_»OÖ’ <å@=K«∞Û.<å@∞@‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∞ 60˛60˛60 ÃãO.g∞. Ѩi=∂O QÆÅ QÆ∞O`«Å#∞ "Õã¨qÖ’ `«qfi QÆ∞O@‰õΩ 20H˜Ö’ŠѨâ◊√=ÙÅ Z~°∞=Ù 1 H˜Ö’Å ã≤OyÖò ã¨∂Ѩ~ü á¶ê¿ãÊ\ò, ÃÑ· =∞\˜ì`À ÉÏ@∞ 100 „QÍ. á¶êe_®Öò 2âß`«O á⁄_ç`À ÉÏQÍ HõeÑ≤ QÆ∞O`«Å∞ xOÑ≤, =~å¬ HÍÅO „áê~°OÉèíOÖ’ <å@∞ HÀ"åe.

2. ã‘`åѶ¨ÅOÖ’ Ñ≤O_ç ѨÙ~°∞QÆ∞ x"å~° ZÖÏ?ZO_®HÍÅO áê^Œ∞Å#∞ `«=fi@O. <ÕÅ#∞ `åˆH H˘=∞‡Å#∞ HõuÎiOK«@O. K≥@¡ "≥Ú^Œà◊§‰õΩ 400 ˆQ*òáêekä<£+‘@∞ #=O|~°∞, _çÃãO|~°∞ =∂™êÖ’¡ XHõ J_»∞QÆ∞ =~°‰õΩ Hõ\Ïìe. 2.5 q∞.b HÀ¡iÃѶ·iá¶êãπ ÖË^•"≥∂<À„HÀ\’á¶êãπ 1.6 q∞.b ÖË^• ZO_Àã¨ÖÏÊù<£ 2 q∞.b. b@~°∞ h\˜Ö’ HõeÑ≤ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕã¨∞HÀ"åe.

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ÉÁáêÊ~Ú

1. ÉÁáêÊ~ÚÖ’ U ~°HõO "ÕÜ«∂e? q`«Î#O ZHõ¯_» ^˘~°∞‰õΩOk? q=~åÅ∞ `≥ÅѨO_ç?

ÉÁáêÊ~ÚÖ’ 2 ~°HÍÅ∞ "≥ÚHõ¯Å∞O\Ï~Ú.

1. _≥·~¸+≤Ü«∞ãπ – P_» =∞iÜ«Ú =∞QÆ Ñ¨ÙëêÊÅ K≥@∞¡ q_çq_çQÍ =ÙO\Ï~Ú. "å+≤OQ∑@<£,HÀ–1,2,4,5,6, Ѩәê_®fi~üÊù, Ѩәê *ˇ·O\ò, Ѩәê#<å›, ǨÏh_»∞º ~°HÍÅ∞.

2. ÔQ·<À_≥·~¸+≤Ü«∞ãπ– =∞QÆ"≥ÚHõ¯Å∞O_»=Ù – ‰õÄ~üæ ǨÏh_»∂º, ™ÈÖ’, HÀ–3, HÀ–7, Ѩәê _≥e+≤Ü«∞ãπ,Ѩәê "≥∞*ˇã‘ì ~°HÍÅ∞ WѨC_»∞ q™êÎ~°OQÍ Ñ¨O_çã¨∞Î#fl Ô~_£ ÖË_ç D HÀ=‰õΩ K≥Ok#^Õ.

ÉÁáêÊ~ÚÖ’ P_»=∞QÆ K≥@∞¡ q_çq_çQÍ =Ù#fl _≥·~¸+≤Ü«∞ãπ ~°HÍÅ∞ "Õã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë „Ѩu 10 P_»"≥ÚHõ¯Å‰õΩXHõ =∞QÆ"≥ÚHõ¯ =ÙO_Õ@∞¡ K«∂_®e. =∂Ô~¯\ò _ç=∂O_£ =Ù#fl U^Õx ~°HÍxfl ZOK«∞H˘x =ÚO^Œ∞ <å~°∞#∞áêenä<£ ã¨OK«∞ÅÖ’ ÃÑOK«∞H˘x Ô~O_»∞<≥ÅÅ =Ü«∞ã¨∞ûQÆÅ "≥ÚHõ¯Å#∞ 40˛40˛40 ÃãO.g∞. Ãã·AQÆÅQÀ`«∞ÅÖ’ ÃÑ· =∞\˜ì Ѩâ◊√=ÙÅ Z~°∞=Ù, H˘kÌQÍ ã¨∂Ѩ~ü á¶ê¿ãÊù\ò HõeÑ≤ xOÑ≤ 2 #∞O_ç 2.5 g∞@~°¡ ^Œ∂~°O=ÙO_»∞#@∞¡ á⁄ÅOÖ’ <å@∞HÀ"åe. <å@∞@‰õΩ AÖˇ· – JHÀì|~°∞ ÖËHõ Ѷ≤„|=i – =∂iÛ <≥ÅÖ’¡J#∞‰õÄÅO. q`«Î<åÅ H˘~°‰õΩ _≥·Ô~Hõì~°∞, S.S.ÃÇÏKü.P~ü, ɡOQÆ∞à◊¥~°∞"åix ã¨O„ѨkOK«O_ç. ZHõ~å‰õΩ_≥·~¸+≤Ü«∞ãπ ~°HÍÖ’¡ 200 „QÍ. ÔQ·<À_≥·~¸+≤Ü«∞ãπ ~°HÍÖ’¡ 20– 30„QÍ. q`«Î#O ã¨iáÈ`«∞Ok.

2. ÉÁáêÊ~ÚH˜ U Z~°∞=ÙÅ∞ U"≥∂`å^Œ∞Ö’ "ÕÜ«∂e?

ZHõ~å‰õΩ 10 @#∞flŠѨâ◊√=ÙÅ Z~°∞=Ù`ÀÉÏ@∞ 100 H˜Ö’Å #„`«[x, 100 H˜Ö’Å ÉèÏã¨fi~°O =∞iÜ«Ú200 H˜Ö’Å áÈ\Ï+π#∞ 6 "≥∂`å^Œ∞Ö’¡ „Ѩu Ô~O_»∞ <≥ÅʼnõΩ XHõ™êi "≥Ü«∂ºe.

3. ÉÁáêÊ~Ú HÍÜ«∞Å #∞O_ç Ѩáê~Ú<£ ZÖÏ ¿ãHõiOKåe?

70 #∞O_ç 90 ~ÀAÅ =Ü«∞ã¨∞ûQÆÅ HÍÜ«∞ÅÃÑ· á⁄_»=Ù<å 4 "≥·Ñ¨ÙÅ 3 q∞b¡g∞@~°¡ Ö’`«∞# Ѩ^Œ∞<≥·#"≥^Œ∞~°∞ ѨÙÅ¡`À QÍ@∞ ÃÑ\Ïìe. L^ŒÜ«∞O 8–9 QÆO@Å֒Ѩ٠áêÅ#∞ H˘|ƒi zѨÊÅÖ’QÍx,JÅ∂ºq∞xÜ«∞O áê„`«Ö’¡QÍx ¿ãHõiOKåe. D q^èŒOQÍ HÍÜ«∞Å#∞O_ç 4 ~ÀAÅ =º=kèÖ’ 4 ™ê~°∞¡¿ãHõiOKåe. „Ѩu b@~°∞ áêʼnõΩ 500„QÍ.áÈ\Ï+≤Ü«∞O "≥∞\Ï Éˇ· ã¨ÖËÊùÂ\ò#∞ HõeÑ≤ ZO_»Ö’ â◊√„ÉèíOQÍP~°Éˇ\Ïìe. áêÅx á⁄~°Å∞ á⁄~°Å∞QÍ =KÕÛ=~°‰õΩ P~°xzÛ "≥∞`«Îx á⁄_çKÕã≤ áêenä<£ ã¨OK«∞Ö’¡xÅfiKÕÜ«∂e. XHÀ¯"≥ÚHõ¯ #∞O_ç 500–700„QÍ. ZO_»∞ Ѩáê~Ú<£ Åaèã¨∞ÎOk. HÀ–2, HÀ–4 ~°HÍÅ∞Ѩáê~Ú<£ fÜ«Ú@‰õΩ J#∞"≥·#q.

4. ÉÁáêÊ~Ú HÍÜ«∞ÅÃÑ· |_çÃÑÅ∞QÍ =Ù<åfl~Ú. UO KÕÜ«∂e?

ÉÁáêÊ~Ú HÍÜ«∞ÅÃÑ· |∞_çÃÑÅ∞O_ç JHõ¯_»Hõ¯_® ѨQÆ∞à◊√§ =∞iÜ«Ú K«~°‡O QÆ~°‰õΩQÍ =ÙO_ç, HÍÜ«∞Å∞PHÍ~åxfl HÀÖ’Ê~Ú#@¡~Ú`Õ É’~å<£ ֒ѨOQÍ QÆ∞iÎOz, x"å~°‰õΩ É’~åH±û b@~°∞ h\˜H˜ 2.5„QÍ.HõeÑ≤

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Ô~O_»∞™ê~°∞¡ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e. ÖË^• b@~°∞ h\˜H˜ 5„QÍ. É’~åH±û HõeÑ≤# „^•=Ïxfl "≥ÚHõ¯Å "≥Ú^Œà◊§Ö’Ô~O_»∞™ê~°∞¡ 15 ~ÀAÅ =º=kèÖ’ áÈã≤ É’~å<£ Ö’áêxfl x"åiOK«∞HÀ=K«∞Û.

5. HÍO_»O ‰õΩà◊√§ x"å~° `≥ÅѨO_ç?

"≥ÚHõ¯ "≥Ú^ŒÖ’¡ =∞\˜ìx Z`«∞ÎQÍ "ÕÜ«∞~å^Œ∞. h~°∞ HÍO_»O ^ŒQÆæ~° xÅ∞=~å^Œ∞. nx H˘~°‰õΩ _»|Öò iOQ∑Ѩ^ŒúuÖ’ h~°∞ ÃÑ\Ïìe. =~å¬HÍÅOÖ’ "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ^ŒQÆæ~° <ÕÅ `«_çKÕ@@∞¡ HÍѨ~ü PH©ûHÀ¡Ô~·_£ 3 „QÍ. b@~°∞h\˜Ö’ HõeÑ≤ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e.

6. ÉÁáêÊ~ÚÖ’ "≥·~°ãπ `≥QÆ∞à◊§#∞ ZÖÏ x"åiOKåe?

P‰õΩ =Ú_»`«, iOQ∑ ™êÊ\ò =∞iÜ«Ú "≥Ú*Ï~ÚH± "≥·~°ãπ `≥QÆ∞à◊§ =Å¡ ÉÁáêÊ~Ú kQÆ∞|_ç `«yæáÈ`«∞Ok."≥·~°ãπ `≥QÆ∞à◊§ "åºÑ≤ÎH˜ ~°ã¨O Ñ‘ÖËÛ Ñ¨Ù~°∞QÆ∞Å∞ HÍ~°O HÍ|\˜ì "å\˜ x"å~°‰õΩ JO`«~åfiÇ≤ÏHõ „H˜q∞ã¨OǨ~°Hõ =∞O^Œ∞Å#∞ xs‚`« =º=kèÖ’ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«Ú@=Å¡ x"åiOK«∞HÀ=K«∞Û.

ѨÙK«ÛHÍÜ«∞ =∞iÜ«Ú Hõ~°∂ƒ*Ï

1. ѨÙK«ÛHÍÜ«∞ =∞iÜ«Ú Y~°∂ƒ*Ï Ñ¨O@Å#∞ ZѨC_»∞ "ÕÜ«∂e? ~°HÍÅ∞ Uq?

[#=i – Ѷ≤„|=iÖ’ q`«∞ΉõΩ#fl@¡~Ú`Õ U„Ñ≤Öò–"Õ∞ <≥ÅÖ’¡ HÍѨÙH˘ã¨∞ÎOk. =∞# ~åROÖ’ ѨÙK«Û#∞JHÀì|~°∞ "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ H˘x [#=i – Ѷ≤„|=i =~°‰õΩ <å@∞`«∞<åfl~°∞. =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ "Õã≤#KÀ JkèHõ kQÆ∞|_ç,z=~°QÍ "Õã≤#KÀ <åº`« JkèHõOQÍ =ÙO@∞Ok. LëÈ‚„QÆ`« Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ =ÙO_ç `ÕeHõ ~°HõO <ÕÅÖ’¡PÅ㨺OQÍ quÎ# ѨO@Ö’ kQÆ∞|_ç `«ˆQæ J=HÍâ◊O =ÙOk.~°HÍÅ∞: ѨÙK«ÛHÍÜ«∞ : J™êÇ≤Ï Ü«∞=∂\Ï, +¨µQÆ~ü ÉËa, J~°¯*’ºu, J~°¯ =∂xH±, ^Œ∞~åæѨÓ~üg∞~å =∞iÜ«Ú^Œ∞~åæѨÓ~ü ˆHã¨~üHõ~°∂ƒ*Ï : J~°¯r`ü, J~°¯~å[ǨÏ<£û, ÅHÀfl 㨿Ѷ^• (`≥Å¡\˜ HõO_»QÆÅ ~°HÍÅ∞) Ѩәê +¨~°ƒu, Ѩәê=∞^èŒ∞~°ãπ, ѨO*ÏÉò ã¨∞#ǨÏi (<åiO[ ~°OQÆ∞ HõO_» QÆÅ ~°HÍÅ∞), ^Œ∞~åæ ѨÓ~ü =∞^èŒ∞, ǨÏ~°=∞^èŒ∞(P‰õΩѨK«Û HõO_»QÆÅ ~°HÍÅ∞).

2. ѨÙK«ÛÖ’ JkèHõ kQÆ∞|_çH˜ fã¨∞HÀ=Åã≤# K«~°ºÅ∞ Uq?

~°ã¨O Ñ‘ÖËÛ Ñ¨Ù~°∞QÆ∞Å∞, "≥·~°ãπ `≥QÆ∞à◊§ x"å~°‰õΩ Wq∞_®HÀ¡„Ñ≤_£`À (5 „QÍ. / H˜Ö’ q`«Î<åxH˜) q`«Î# â◊√kúKÕÜ«∂e. "≥ÚHõ¯Å∞ 2–4 P‰õΩÅ ^Œâ◊Ö’ =Ù#flѨÙ_»∞ ÉÁ~åH±û b@~°∞ h\˜H˜ 3 „QÍ.Å K˘Ñ¨C# Ô~O_»∞™ê~°∞¡"å~°O ~ÀAÅ =º=kèÖ’ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕ¿ãÎ P_» ѨÙ=ÙfiÅ ã¨OYº ÃÑiy kQÆ∞|_ç ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. HÍÜ«∞ ZkˆQ^Œâ◊Ö’ h\˜ J=ã¨~°O Z‰õΩ¯=, HÍh HÍÜ«∞ ѨHÍfixH˜ =zÛ#ѨÙ_»∞ Z‰õΩ¯= h~°∞ Hõ\˜ì#@¡~Ú`Õ HÍÜ«∞ѨQÆ∞Å∞`«∞Ok. <åº`« ‰õÄ_» `«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok. Hõ#∞Hõ `«y#O`« h~°∞ ÃÑ\Ïìe. ZO_» f„=`« `«yæOK«\ÏxH˜

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JѨC_»Ñ¨C_»∞ ™êÜ«∞O„`«O "Õà◊Ö’ h\˜x Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e. "Õã¨qÖ’ h\˜ Z^ŒÌ_ç `«@∞ìHÀ=\ÏxH˜á⁄\Ï+≤Ü«∞O <≥·„>Ë\ò b@~°∞ h\˜H˜ 5–10 „QÍ. K˘Ñ¨C# Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e.

3. ѨÙK«ÛÖ’ HÍÜ«∞ ã¨iQÍ ÃÑ~°QÆ@O ÖË^Œ∞. UO KÕÜ«∂e?

PÅ㨺OQÍ quÎ# ѨO@Ö’ HÍÜ«∞ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ ã¨iQÍ =ÙO_»^Œ∞. ã≤á¶ê~°∞û KÕã≤# Z~°∞=ÙÅ`À ÉÏ@∞fQƉõΩÔ~O_»∞ HÍÜ«∞Å HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯= HÍÜ«∞Å#∞ =ÙOK«~å^Œ∞. HÍÜ«∞ Z^Œ∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ h~°∞㨄Hõ=∞OQÍ `«y#O`« W"åfie. ѨÓ`« Ñ≤O^≥ ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ á⁄\Ï+≤Ü«∞O <≥·„>Ë\ò#∞ b@~°∞ h\˜H˜ 5–10 „QÍ.K˘Ñ¨C# Ñ≤zHÍs KÕ¿ãÎ ZO_» f„=`«#∞ `«@∞ìH˘#∞@ÜÕ∞HÍHõ HÍÜ«∞ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ ÉÏQÆ∞O@∞Ok. ÉÁ~åH±ûb@~°∞ h\˜H˜ 3 „QÍ. K˘Ñ¨C# Ñ≤zHÍs KÕ¿ãÎ HÍÜ«∞ ѨQÆ∞Å∞ x"åiOK«=K«∞Û.

4. ѨÙK«ÛÖ’ HÍÜ«∞ ‰õΩà◊√§ x"å~° ZÖÏ?

ѨÙK«ÛHÍÜ«∞Å∞ Éèí∂q∞H˜ `«yÖË „áêO`«OÖ’ #Å¡QÍ =∂i HÍÜ«∞Å∞ ‰õΩo§, ‰õΩo§# „áêO`«OÖ’ `≥Å¡x |∂A=O\˜ tbO„^ŒÑ¨Ù ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ#∞ QÆ=∞xOK«=K«∞Û#∞. Éèí∂q∞Ö’ JkèHõ `Õ=∞ ÖË^• h~°∞ xÅ=Ù#fl, fQÆÅ∞=`«∞ÎQÆ ÃÑiy ֒ѨŠQÍe K˘~°=_»Hõ W@∞=O\˜ ÅHõ∆ÏÅ#∞ QÆ=∞xOK«=K«∞Û#∞."≥ÚHõ¯Å =∞^茺 QÍe, "≥Å∞`«∞~°∞, K˘~°|_ÕÖÏ KÕã≤ `≥QÆ∞Å∞ ™ÈH˜# HÍÜ«∞Åx fã≤"Õã≤ "≥ÚHõ¯ÅÃÑ· HÍѨ~üPH©ûHÀ¡Ô~·_£ 3 „QÍ. b@~°∞ h\˜H˜ HõeÑ≤ Ñ≤zHÍs KÕÜ«∂e.

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