20 sk]vXw-_ 2014BgvN--Xnv 23

Analyser MENCA) F- kv-s]-t{m-ao- kw-hn-[m-\-am-Wp a-sm-v.

D-]-cn-X-e-L-S-\-bpw [m-Xp-e-h-W--fp-sS hn-h-c-hpw a-\-n-em-m-\m-bn sNm--bp-sS D-]-cn-X-e-n-sXm-]-\n-e-bpw Xm-]-{]-k-c-hpw A-f-m sX-a C-{^m-sd-Uv C-ta-Pn-Mv kv-s]-t{m-ao- (ThermalInfrared Imaging Spectrometer- TIS), D-]-cn-X-e-n-s t^m-tmF-Sp-m-\p- am-gv-kv I-f Iym-a-d(MCC) F-n-h-bpw tam-an-ep-v. hn-t-]-W-n-s B-Zy-\m-fp-I-fn--s `q-an-bp-sS {`-a-W-]-Y-n\n-v Cy D-s-sS-bp- ta-J-e-bp-sS t^m-tm F-Sp-v C-Xn-skq-v-a-X D-d-p-h-cp-p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.

hn-kv-a-b--fp-sS I-e-h-dhn-kv-a-b--fp-sS I-e-h-d-bm-Wp

sNm-. Zq-c-Z-in-\n-bp-sS B-Zy-Im-e-p-X-s A-Xn-eq-sS sNm--bnC-cp- `m-K- I-s-n-bn-cp-p. A-Xp I-S-em-sW-p ]-e-cpw I-

cp-Xn. H-cp-`m-K-p I- k-am--c-am-b \o-h-c-I A-p-X-ap-W-n. A-Xp P-e-tk-N-\-m-em-sW-v A-m-e-p im-kv-{X- I-cp-Xn. sNm--bn Po-h-\p-s-pwP-e-ap-s-p-sam-s-bp- B-i-b- A--s\-bm-Wv D-m-b-Xv.

B -e--p ap-I-fn-q-Snam-dn-\-9 F- t]-S-Iw 1971-72]-d-v Ip-td ]-S- F-Sp-p. I-\m-ep-I t]m-se I- -e-n-\v A-h hm-e-kv am-dn-\-dn-kv (VallesMarineris) F-p t]-cn-p. sNm--bp-sS a-y-tc-Jm-{]-tZ-i-m-Wn-Xp--Xv. `q-an-bn-se Z-n-Wm-{^n-hn- t]m-se `q-J-- D- t-p-I A-I-p-m-b hn--ep-I h-n-Sn-p h-ep-Xm-b-Xm-Imw C-sX-m-Wp I-cp-Xp--Xv. C-Xn-\p ]-Sn-m-dp-h-i-m-bn h-S-t A-ta-cn--tbm-fw hn-kv-Xr-Xn-bp- D-b- `q-J--hpw D-v.

\-p-sS F-h-sd-n-s aq-n-c-nD-b-c-ap- H-cp ]--X-hpw A-hn-sSD-v H-fn--kv tam-kv(Olympus Mons). 22 In-tem-ao--dm-

Wv D-b-cw! ku-c-bq-Y-n-se G--hpw D-b-c-ap- c-m-a-s m-\-am-W-t{X C-Xv. e-Lp-{K-l-am-bsh--bn-se dn-b kn-hn-b (RheaSilvia) B-Wv H-m-a-t-Xv.

h-S-t {[p-h-n-\p Np-pw C-cp--t]m-se Im-Wp- Xm-W--e--fm-Wp a-sm-cp Iu-Xp-Iw. hm-n-m-kv t_m-dn-bm-en-kv (VastitasBorealis) F-m-Wo -e-n-\pt]-cv. H-fn--kv tam-kn-\p k-ao-]w No-p-sIm-p tIm-Xn-b-t]m-ep- tKm-Un tUm-kw (GordiiDorsum), ]-p a-sm-gp-In D-m-b-sX-p I-cp-Xp- do-bphm-en-kv (Reull Vallis), D-n-\n-p- h- sh--sm-wsIm-v 200 300 tIm-Sn sIm-w ap-v D-m-b-Xm-Im C-S-bp-, F-pw ]-pw In-tem-ao- h-en--ap- I--I \n-d- tI-tbm-kv sS-d-bn (Chaos terrain), I--j-W- Nn-X-dn-n-S-p- sh-dpwsN--X-d-t]m-ep- D-]-cn-X-ew... A--s\-b--s\ ]-e-Xpw.

h-j-n H-cp ]-Ip-Xn-bn H-

sNm

24 20 sk]vXw-_ 2014 BgvN--Xnv

cp-{[p-h-n sXm-n-t]m-se D-d-p-Iq-Sp-I-bpw A-Sp--]-Ip-Xn-bn Im-n-s\m-w a-t-{[p-h-n-se-n A-Xn-s\ sXm-n-b-Wn-bn-p-I-bpw sN-p- a-v a-sm-cphn-kv-a-b-am-Wv. C-Xp-t]m-se H-t-sd {]-Xn-`m-k--fp-ap-v Iu-Xp-I-ap-W-p--Xm-bn. C-sX-mw im-kv-{X-Ip-Xp-In-I-fp-sS {i- sNm--bn-te-p -Wn-p-p.

]-cm-P-bw 60 i-X-am-\w!C--cw Im-cy- ]Tn-m

]-e-X-cw Zu-Xy- \mw A-\y-{K-l--fn-te-v A-b-bv-p-p-v.A-Sp-p-Iq-Sn ]-d-p t]m-Ip-I-bpw t]m-Ip--h-gn Ip-td ]T-\- \-S-p-I-bpw ]-Sw ]n-Sn-p-I-bpw H-s sN-p--h (fly-by),H-cp {`-a-W-]-Y-n I-S-p Np-n--d-n ]T-\w \-S-p--h(orbiter), \n-e-n-d-n ]-cy-th-j-Ww \-S-p--h (lander), A-Xn--s N-{I--fn D-cp-p-\o-m I-gn-bp--h (rover) F-n--s\.

C--cw Zu-Xy--fn ]-cm-P-bw A-{X A-]q-h-sam-p-a-. F--, Iq-Sp-X-epw ]-cm-P-b--fm-Wv. \-psS 51 sNm-m-Zu-Xy--

fn 30-Dw ]-cm-P-b-am-bn-cp-p. C-Xn-s Im-c-W- an--tm-gpw Xo-sc A-{]-Xo-n-X-tam B-I-kv-an-I-tam B-Imw. Nn-e-tm sN-dn-sbm-cp t\m--p-d-hm-Imw.

Iu-Xp-I-I-c-am-b H-cp D-Zm-l-c-Ww ]-d-bmw. \m-k 1998 Un-kw-_11-\p hn-t-]n- am-gv-kv ss-a-vHm-_n- (MCO) 1999 sk-]v-w-_ 23-\p sNm--bp-sS {`-a-W-]-Y-n I-S-t--Xn-\p ]-I-cw A--co--n I-S-p I-n-tm-bn! D-t-in--t]m-se kw-K-Xn sNm--bp-sS A-Sp-s-n. ]-t A-ev-]wXm-Wp-t]m-bn.

]-n-b-Xv F-m-sW-tm? \m-kF-mw D-]-I-cm co-Xn-bn-em-Wp sN-p--Xv. ]-e-`m-K-hpw ]-e m-]-\- D-m-pw. tkm-^v-v sh-b-dp-I a-p Nn-e D-m-pw. C--s\`q-an-bn-se tI-{-n \n-b-{-W-n-\v D-]-tbm-Kn- kw-hn-[m-\w{_n-n-jv A-f-hp-I-fn {I-ao-I-cn--Xm-bn-cp-p. t]-S-I-n D-m-bn-cp--Xv sa-{Sn-Iv A-f-hn k-o-I-cn--Xpw! C-hn-sS-\n-p ]u-v - sk--Uv co-Xn-bn I-W-m-nsm-Sp- k-t-iw \yq- - sk--Uv co-Xn-bn-em-sW-p t]-S-IwI-cp-Xn. sNm--bp-sS 80 In-tem-ao-

hn-kv-a-b--fp-sS I-e-h-d-bm-Wv sNm-. Zq-c-Z-in-\n-bp-sS B-Zy -Im-e-p-X-ssNm--bn C-cp- ` m-K- I-s-n-bn-cp-p.A-Xp I-S-em-sW-p ]-e-cpw I-cp-Xn. H-cp-` m-K-pI- k-am--c-am-b \o-h-c-I A-p-X-ap-W-n.A-Xp P-e-tk-N-\-m-em-sW-v A-m-e-v im-kv-{X- I-cp-Xn. sNm--bn Po-h-\p-s-pw P-e-ap-s-p-sam-s-bp-B-i-b- A--s\-bm-Wv D-m-b-Xv

Mars terrain

25 20 sk]vXw-_ 2014BgvN--Xnv

A-I-se-am-{Xw A-Xn-Po-hn-m ]-p-am-bn-cp- t]-S-Iw 57 In-tem-ao- A-Sp-t-m-Wv F-n-b-Xv! Np-n-\pw I-n-\p-an-S-bn A-Xp \m-am-h-ti-j-am-bn.

C--s\ A-{]-Xo-n-X-tam B-I-kv-an-I-tam A-_--tam H-s-bm-bIm-cy- F-tm-gpw kw-`-hn-mw. Im-c-Ww, A-{X-tb-sd L-S-I--fpw {]-h--\--fpw D-s-k-o--am-b {]-hr-n-bm-W-tmC-Xv. C-Xn-\p-]p-d-ta, kq-cy-\n-\n-p--Xv A-S--ap- hn-\m-i-I-c-am-b {]-]--c-iv-an-I (cosmicradiations) G-v k-o-I-c-W- X-I-cm-dm-Imw. D--I-tfma-v B-Im-i-h-kv-Xp--tfm h-n-Sn-mw. C-Xn-s\-sbm-s A-Xn-Po-hn-p-th-Ww A-s-m. C-XnI-W-n-se-Sp-m-hp-n-S-tm-fwL-S-I- I-W-n-se-Sp-pw F-Sp-m-hp-n-S-tm-fw ap-I-cp-X-ep-I F-Sp-pw H-s-bm-Wv Hm-tcm Zu-Xy-hpw \-S-p--Xv.

C-p-dn im-kv-{X- B-i--s-Sp- H-v sNm--sb e-y-am-n Ip-Xn-p-sIm-n-cn-p- ssk-Un-Mv kv-{]n-Mv [q-a-tI-Xp (CometSiding Spring C/2013 A1) B-Wv. c-p t]-S-I--fpw A-s-nH-cp- am-k-am-Ip-tm-tg-v C-Xv

sNm--sb D-c-kn I-S-p-t]m-Ipw. H-tm-_ 19\m-Wv G--hpw A-Sp-s-p-I. A-Xn-\n-p-m-Ip- hn-In-c-W--fpw A-Xv _-ln-cm-Im-i-p-\n-p h-en-p-sIm-p-h-cp- I-pw s]m-Sn-bp-sam-s t]-S-I--sf tI-Sp-h-cp-mw.

G--hpw A-]-I-S-km-y-X-bp-k-a-b-v t]-S-I- sNm--bp-sSa-dp-h-i-m-bn-cn----hn-[w {`-a-Ww {I-ao-I-cn-p-I, hm-\--{X-n-s X- G-m-Xn-cn-m ku-tcm-P-]m-fn-bpw a-pw]n-h-i-t-m-n H-Xp-n-\n-p-I Xp-S-n-b ap-I-cp-X-ep-I-fm-Wp im-kv-{X- C-Xn-\p {]-Xn-hn-[n-bm-bn Im-Wp--Xv. t\-c-t-X-s A-hn-sS {`-a-W-]-Y--fn-ep- a-p-aq-p t]-S-I--fp-sSIm-cy-n B-i- \n-e-\n-p-I-bm-Wv. F-n-epw hm-\--{X-s--n Nn--d ]T-\- \-S-m-\p- A-h-k-c-am-bn C-Xn-s\ D-]-

tbm-Kn-m-\m-Wv \m-k {i-an-p--Xv. ta-sh A--cw Nn-e ]T-\- \-S-pw. tam-an A-Xn-\m-bn {]-tXy-I {I-ao-I-c-W-sam-pwC-.

hn-t-]-W-n-seIu-Xp-I-

C-\n \-ap-v tam-an-s hn-t-]-W-n-se Nn-e Iu-Xp-I--fn-te-p I-S-mw. B-Zyw {K-lm--c-hn-t-]-W-s--n km-am-\y-am-bn]-d-bmw. \- tKm-^v I-fn-mt]m-epw h-en-b tKm-^v tIm-gv-kn-s H-c--p-\n-v A-Sn-p-hn-Sp-]-v a-t A--s Ip-gn-bn Ir-Xy-am-bn ho-gm-dn-. F-n-cn-s, I-iv-ao-cn-\n-v H-cp ]-v A-Sn-p-]-d-n I-\ym-Ip-am-cn-bn-se H-cp Ip-gn-bn ho-gv-m-\m-Ip-tam? A-Xp-t]m-se-bp-a- `q-an-bn-se H-cp -e-p-\n-v H-cp t]-S-Iw hn-t-]n-p sNm--bn-se H-cp -e-p Ir-

Cryogenic engine

26 20 sk]vXw-_ 2014 BgvN--Xnv

Xy-am-bn C-d-p-I-tbm sNm--bp-sS H-cp {]-tXy-I {`-a-W-]-Y-nF-n-p-I-tbm sN-p--Xv. h-m-sm-cp Zu-Xyw X-s-bm-W-Xv.

sNm- `q-an-tbm-Sv G--hpw A-Sp-p-h-cp- X-w t\m-n sNm-\n-p-n-Sw e-y-am-n t]-S-Iw hn-Sp-I-b-t F-fp-w F-m-Wve-fn-X-am-b bp-n-bn tXm-p-I. F-m, hn-t-]-W- k-a-b-p sNm- \n-p- m-\wem-m-n t]-S-Iw hn-m, A-X-p sN-p-tm sNm- A-hn-sSD-m-hn-. A-Xp Z-i-e---W-n-\p In-tem-ao- Zq-sc F-n-bn-p-m-Ipw. A-tm, {`-a-W-]-Y-n-eq-sS ]m-p-t]m-Ip- sNm--sb Hm-Sn-n-p ]n-Sn--Ww. e-

yw A-S-bm-f-s-Sp-n A-Xn-te-p sh-Sn-h-bv-p--Xp-t]m-se A- F--w.

Xo--bm-bpw h-f-sc-tb-sd k-o--am-Wv Cu Zu-Xyw. Cy-bn-q-Sn Hm-Sn-sm-n-cn-p-H-cp s{S-bn-\n-\n-p ]--Sn-v A-v-emn-Iv k-ap-{Z-n-eq-sS-tm-Ip- I--en-se H-cp Ip-gn-bn ho-gv-p--Xp-t]m-se F-p e-fn-X-am-bn ]-d-bmw. Ir-Xy-am-bn ]-d-m, A-Xn-th-Kw Xn-cn-bp-I-bpw A-Xnt\-m ]-e-a-S-pth-K-n kq-cy-\p-Np-pw ]m-bp-I-bpw sN-p- `q-an-bn-\n-m-Wv t]-S-Iw F-bv-Xp-hn-tS--Xv. F-n-t--tXm? a-sm-cp ]m-X-bn-eq-sS a-sm-cp th-K-n ]m-p-sIm-n-cn-p- sNm--bn-

te-v. H-cp-]m-Sp kq-v-amw-i-\n-d-v C-Xn-ep-sa-{X-tbm k-o--am-Wv Cu {]-{In-b.

t]-S-I-s G-Xp-Zn-i-bn F-{X-th-K-n ]m-bn-m sNm--sbF-hn-sS-sh-p ]n-Sn-m ]-p-sa-p \n--bn--Ww. A--s\ sNm--sb Hm-Sn-n-p-]n-Sn-m sNm--tb-m th-K-n t]-S-I-s]m-bn--Ww. a-Wn-q-dn 86,871In-tem-ao- (sk--Un 24.077In-tem-ao-) B-Wv sNm--bp-sS i-cm-i-cn-th-Kw. C-Xn-t\-m th-Kwt]-S-I-n-\v F--s\ \-Ipw?

`q-an-bn-\n-m-W-tm t]-S-Iwhn-Sp--Xv. hn-t-]n-p--Xn-\p ap-p-X-s `q-an-bn C-cn-p- Bt]-S-Iw `q-an-bp-sS A-tX th-K-n `q-an-sm-w \o-p-I-bm-W-tm. A-tm B t]-S-I-s sh-dp-sX _-ln-cm-Im-i-v D-t]-n-m-epw A-Xn-\p `q-an t]m-Ip- A-tX Zn-i-bn A-tX th-Kw In-pw.\yq--s H-mw N-e-\-\n-b-aw ]-d-bp--{]-Im-cw, ]p-d-ta-\n-v H-cp _-e-hpw {]-tbm-Kn--s-n-s-n A-Xv `q-an-bp-sS A-tX th-K-n A-tX Zn-i-bn k--cn-p-sIm-t-bn-cn-p-a-tm. a-Wn-q-dn 1,07,244In-tem-ao- (sk--Un 29.78In-tem-ao-) B-Wp `q-an-bp-sS i-cm-i-cn-th-Kw. C-Xp-X-s sNm--bp-sSth-K-t-m Iq-Sp-X-em-Wv. sNm--bpw C-tX Zn-i-bn--s-bm-Wp t]m-Ip--Xv F--Xn-\m C-sXm-cp sa-w X-s.

]-t, a-sm-cp {]-iv-\w D-v. `q-an-bp-sS B-I-j-W- h-e-b-n-\n-v B i-n-sb t`-Zn-p t]-S-Iw]p-d-p-I-S-m-e-t A-Xn-\p sNm--bn-te-p t]m-Im-\m-Iq. A-Xn-\p\n-n-X-th-Kw D-m-tb-Xo-cq. A-Xn-\p `q-an-bp-sS k-m-c -th-K-hp-am-bn_--an-. `q-an-sb A-t]-n-v th- th-K-am-W-Xv. C-Xv Ip-d--Xvsk--Un 11.2 In-tem-ao- B-Wv. c--s]-S {]-th-Kw (escapeveloctiy) F-m-Wn-Xn-\p t]-cv. `q-an-sb A-t]-n-v Cu th-Kw A-Xn-\p \-I-Ww. F-m, \mw hn-t-]-W-n-\v D-]-tbm-Kn- ]n-.F-kv.-F.-hn. kn-25 tdm--v `q-an-bp-sS B-I-j-W-i-n-sb tXm-ev-]n-v 383.39 In-tem-ao- D-b-cw h-sc-tbF-q.

A-{X-bpw D-b-c-n-sh-p tdm--n-\n-p t]-S-Iw th-s]-Sp-pw. tdm--n-\-I-n-cp-p h-A-tX th-K-n t]-S-Iw A-tm-

Self-Portrait by Curiosity Rover Arm Camera

27 20 sk]vXw-_ 2014BgvN--Xnv

gpw ta-ev-t]m-p s]m-bv-sm-n-cn-pw. tdm--n-s A-h-km-\-L--n-se th-K-am-b sk--Un9.804 In-tem-ao- B-Wv t]-S-I-n-\v A-tm-gp- th-Kw. c--s]-S{]-th-K(11.2 In-tem-ao-)t-mIp-d-hm-W-tm C-Xv. `q-an-bp-sS Kp-cp-Xzm-I-j-Ww Im-c-Ww C-Xp-X-s{I-ta-W Ip-d-bp-I-bpw sN-pw.

G-Xm-bm-epw tdm--n-\n-pIn-n-b Du-n 23,563 In-tem-ao-D-b-cw h-sc t]-S-Iw F-n. A-tm-tg-pw th-Kw \-t Ip-d-bp- t]-S-Iw sa-s `q-an-bp-S-Sp-t-p ho-Wp-Xp-S-pw. ap-I-fn-te-p t]m-bnh-f-p Xm-tg-p-h-cp- B h-gnH-cp {`-a-W-]-Y-am-Wv. {`-a-W-]-Y-n-eq-sS-bp- B ho-gv-N-bn B-I-j-Ww Im-c-Ww th-Kw X-\n-tb Iq-Spw. `q-an-sb I-S-p a-dp-h-i-v 250In-tem-ao- A-Sp-p-h-sc t]-S-IwF-pw. A--s\ G--hpw A-Sp-s-p-tm ]-c-am-h-[n th-K-am-Ipw. B th-K-tm-sS ho-pw ]-g-b D-b-c-n-te-p ]m-bpw. ap-I-fn-se-n-bn-v ho-pw Xm-tg-v. A--s\ A-Xp `q-an-sb Np-n-p-S-pw.

`q-{`-a-W-]-Y-n C--s\ Zo-L-hr-m-Ir-Xn(F-en-]v-kv)bn-em-Wp t]-S-Iw h-ew-h-bv-p--Xv. A-I-p t]m-bn-v A-Sp-t-p-h-cp-X-cw Zo-L-hr-w. G--hpw A-I-se F-p- Zq-c-n-\v B Zo-L-hr--n-s A-tm-Pn F-pw `q-an-tbm-Sv G--hpw A-Sp-s-p-_n-p-hn-\p s]-cn-Pn F-p-am-Wv ]-d-bp--Xv. A--s\ 23,563 In-tem-ao- A-tm-Pn-bpw 250 In-tem-ao-s]-cn-Pn-bpw D- {`-a-W-]-Y-n-n-S-v A-Xp `q-an-sb Np-p-I-tb D-q. sNm--bn-te-p t]m-In-. ]n-

s-p sN-pw?

Np-g-n-sb-dn-b X-{wA-Xn-\p \mw {]-tbm-Kn- hn-Zy t]-S-I-s

`q-an-p-Np-pw ]-e-h-w Np-g-n B-bw Iq-n-q-nH- G-dv F-dn-bp-I F--Xm-Wv. N-c-Sn-s A--p I-p-sI-n B-m-p-I-d-n Zq-tc-vF-dn-bp--Xp-t]m-se. Im-bn-I-a--c-bn-\-am-blm-a t{Xm t]m-se. Ip-d- sN-e-hn H-cpsRm-Sp-p hn-Zy.

2013 \-hw-_ 5-\m-W-tm \mw tam-an-s\ hn-t-]n--Xv. A-p-ap-X Un-kw-_ H-p-h-sc 26 Zn-h-kw \mw t]-S-I-s B-Im-i-v B-m-p Np-g-n. ]-e-cm-{Xn-I-fn-epw t]-S-I-n-se sN-dp-tdm--p-I I-n-p th-Kw Iq-n-bm-Wn-Xp km-[n--Xv. s]-cn-Pn-bn-te-s-p-tm ]-c-am-h-[n th-K-am-Ipw F-p ]-d--tm. A-tm A-ev-]-k-a-bw tdm--p I-n-m Ip-td-q-Sn th-Kw Iq-Sp-a-tm. D-n-sIq-sS H-cp X-v. A-Xm-Wp sN-p--Xv.

A-Xp-{]-Im-cw, 23,563 In-tem-ao- (A-tm-Pn)h-sc s]m-p- B-Zy-{`-a-W-]-Y-n-\n-v \-hw-_ G-gn-\p cm-{Xn 28,814-Dw F-n-\p cm-{Xn40,186-Dw H--Xn-\p cm-{Xn 71,636-Dw In-tem-ao- h-sc A-tm-Pn-bp- {`-a-W-]-Y--fn-te-pt]-S-I-s D-b-n. \-hw-_ 11-\p t]-S-I-s H-cp-e-w In-tem-ao--dn-te-v D-b-m-\m-bn-cp-p ]-cn-]m-Sn. ]-t, ]-Wn ]m-fn! t\-Sm-\m-b-Xv 27 i-X-am-\w am-{Xw.

H-cp hm-hn-s c-p tIm-bn-ep-I H-cp-an-p {]-h-n-n-m-\m-Wp {i-an--Xv. ]-t,A-h A--s\ {]-h-n-p-am-bn-cp-n-. C-m-cyw t\-c-t a-\-n-em-m I-gn-bm-sX-t]m-b-Xv Kp-cp-X-c-am-b ]n-g-hm-sW-n-epw Zu-Xy-s H-cp-X-c-n-epw _m-[n-n-. A-tm-sg-n-epw A-m-cyw a-\-n-em-m I-gn--Xp\-m-bn. sNm--bp-sS {`-a-W-]-Y-n-te-p I-S-m-\p- D-Zy-a-n-tem-a-tm Cu co-Xn {]-tbm-Kn-p-tm-gm-Wv {]-iv-\w Im-Wp--sX-n-tem?Zu-Xyw-X-s ssI-hn-p-t]m-Ipw! ]n-s _-Zkw-hn-[m-\-sam-pw t\m-m I-gn-bn-. sNm- A-tm-tg-pw ]n-Sn-hn-p t]m-bn-cn-pw!

sNm- ` q-an-tbm-SvG--hpw A-Sp-p-h-cp- X-w t\m-n sNm- \n-p-n-Sw e-y-am-n t]-S-Iw hn-Sp-I-b-t F-fp-w F-m-Wv e-fn-X-am-bbp-n-bn tXm-p-I. F-m,hn-t-]-W- k-a-b-p sNm- \n-p- m-\w em-m-n t]-S-Iw hn-m, A-X-psN-p-tm sNm- A-hn-sS D-m-hn-. A-Xp Z-i-e---W-n-\p In-tem-ao- Zq-sc F-n-bn- p-m-Ipw.A-tm, { -`a-W-]-Y-n-eq-sS ]m-p-t]m-Ip-sNm--sb Hm-Sn-n-p ]n-Sn--Ww

28 20 sk]vXw-_ 2014 BgvN--Xnv

G-Xm-bm-epw ]n-t-p cm-{Xn-X-s 1,18,642 In-tem-ao--dm-bn \mw ]-Yw D-b-n. ho-pw 16-\p cm-{XnA-Xv 1,92,874 In-tem-ao--dm-n. ]m-fn-b-Xp I-W-m-m-sX A-v D-b-.

C-sX-mw ]m-Xn-cm-bv-m-Wp sN-bv-Xn-cp--Xv. A-Xp-sIm-v sF-F-kv-B-H-m C-Xn-s\ an-Uv-ss\-va-\yq-h F-m-Wp hn-fn-n-cp--Xv.

C--s\ {`-a-W-]-Yw D-b-cp-I F-m {`-a-W-th-Kw Iq-Sp-I F-m-W-w. Hm-tcm-X-h-W-bpw A-tm-Pn-bn-\n-p s]-cn-Pn-bn-te-p h-cp--Xv A-Xn-th-K-n ]m-m-Wv. {`-a-W-]-Y-n-s D-b-cw Iq-Sp-tm-dpw Cu th-K-hpw Iq-Spw.

C-\n H-cp I-n--Iq-Sn I-n-m t]-S-Iw {`-a-W-]-Yw hn-p _-ln-cm-Im-i-t-p sX-dn-pw. `q-an-bp-sS B-I-j-W-h-e-bw t`-Zn-vA-I-te-v. A-Xn-\m-bn tdm--v F-tm, G-Xp Zn-i-bn, F-{X-t\-cwI-n--Ww F-p Xo-cp-am-\n-p--Xv sNm--sb F-v, F-hn-sS-sh-p ]n-Sn-Iq-S-Ww F--Xn-s A-Sn-m-\-n-em-Wv. 2014 sk-]v-w-_ 24-\p sNm- F-hn-sS F-p-tam A-hn-sS A-tm t]-S-I-sF-n--Ww. A-Xn-\p Un-kw-_H-n-\p t]-S-Iw bm-{X Xp-S--Ww.A-Xn-\p-ap-m-bn ]T-\--p--X-S-w t]-S-I-n-se F-m L-S-I--fpw {]-h-n-n-p Ir-Xy-am-sW-v D-d-n-p.

A--s\, \-p-sS t]-S-Iw A-h-km-\-{`-a-W-]-Y-n-se A-h-km-\-{`-a-Ww-\-S-p-I-bm-Wv. D-b-p-b-v A-tm-Pn-bn-se-n-b t]-S-Iw \-hw-_ 29-\p s]-cn-Pn-bn-te-v A-h-km-\-a-S-w Xp-S-n. ]n-t-v, 30-\p ]m-Xn-cm-bv-v A-Xv s]-cn-

Pn-bn-te-p ]m--Sp-p-tmim-kv-{X- t]-S-I-n-\p bm-{Xm-aw-K-fw sNm-m F-m H-cp--hpw \-S-n Im-n-cp-p.

t]-S-Iw t]m-tI- Zn-i-bv-p t\-sc F-Xn-h-i-p {]-[m-\-tdm--vh-c---hn-[w t]-S-I-s A-ev-]wXn-cn-t--Xp-m-bn-cp-p. C-Xpi-cn-bm-m Ir-Xyw ]m-Xn-cm-bv-p 12-\p sN-dp-tdm--p-I I-n-p. C-Xp 30 an-\p-p-sIm-p I-gn-p. A-Sp- 19mw an-\p-n, Un-kw-_ H-n-s 49mw an-\p-n,A-Xn-{]-[m-\-am-b B Pz-e-\w \-S-t- k-a-bw...

s]m-Sp--s\ H-cp {]-Xn-k-n D-cp-p-Iq-Sn. tdm--v D-t-in--Xp-t]m-se I-n-tbm, t]-S-Iw \n-n-]m-X-bn-eq-sS--s t]m-tbm, a-Xn-bm-b th-Kw In-n-tbm F-sm-p-ap- hn-h-cw In-m-sX-bm-bn.Cy _-ln-cm-Im-i-Zu-Xy--fp-sS \n-b-{-W-hpw \n-co--W-hpw\-S-p- kw-hn-[m-\-am-bISTRAC-s _w-K-fq-cp tI-{-n-se I-yq--dp-I an-gn-p-\n-p.

B k-a-bw t]-S-Iw Cy-bn-\n-p Im-Wm-hp- h-i-v B-bn-cp-n-. Z-n-Wm-{^n--bn-ep-lm-t-_o-kv-tXm-sb-Iv(Hartebeesthoek) td-Un-sbm A-kv-t{Sm-W-an H-_v-k-th--dn-bm-Wv Cuk-a-bw A-Xn-s\ \n-co-n-p-sIm-n-cp--Xv. s]m-Sp--s\ h- C-Sn-bpw a-g-bpw sIm-Sp-m-pw B \n-e-b-n-s {]-h--\w X-S--s-Sp-n.

B-i--bp-sS Im-ta-Lw A-p-an-\n-n-\-Iw \o-n. hn-h-c- I-yq--dp-I-fn sX-fn-p. F-mwIr-Xyw! t]-S-I-n-se I-yq--dpwtdm--pw Ir-X-am-bn {]-h-n-n-

cp-p. 23 an-\p-v (Ir-Xy-am-bn ]-d-m 1328.89 sk--Uv) \o-Pz-e-\w. 440 \yq- i-n-bp-{Z-h-bn--\ F-Pn-\n 198 In-tem-{Kmw C--\w I-n-bp-W-p. `q-an-bp-sS k-m-c-]m-X-bv-pXn-c-o-\-am-b H-cp ]m-X-bn-eq-sSam-gv-kv Hm-_n- sNm--sb k-n-t- _n-p-hn-te-p Ip-Xn-p! H-cn--epw a-S-n-h-cm- bm-{X!

ss_... ss_... {]n-b-s- tamw.C-\n B-i-b-hn-\n-a-bw i-n-Iq-

Sn-b kw-hn-[m-\-n-eq-sS am-{Xw.A-Xn-\m-bn ao-Un-bw K-bn Bn-\ C-tXm-sSm-w-X-s {]-h--\-k--am-n. Du--hn-\n-tbm-Kw]-c-am-h-[n Ip-d-bv-m Hm-tcm D-]-I-c-W-hpw B-h-iy-ap--tm am-{Xw k--am-p-bm-Wv C--cwZu-Xy--fn-se co-Xn. Un-kw-_ c-n-\p cm-hn-te-X-s Hm-_n- N-{-t\m-fw A-I-ew Xm-n 3,85,000In-tem-ao-. ssh-In-v A-p-a-Wn-tbm-sS 5,36,000 In-tem-ao- A-I-se F-n. Un-kw-_ \m-en-\p ]p-e-s 1 14 Hm-sS A-Xv 9,25,000 In-tem-ao- ]n-n-v `q-an-bp-sS B-I-j-W-]-cn-[n-bpw Xm-n! C-\n `q-an-bp-sS H-cp kzm-[o-\-hp-an-m- bm-{X. B bm-{X-bn-em-Wn-tm am-gv-kv Hm-_n-.

C-tm A-Xv `q-an-sb-tm-se, a-p {K-l--sf-tm-se, kq-cy-s\ Np-p- H-cp h-kv-Xp am-{Xw. kq-cy-sam-{Xw kzm-[o-\-n, {`-a-W-]-Ywt]m-se h-f- H-cp ]m-X-bn-eq-sS... `q-an-bp-sS-tbm sNm--bp-sS-tbm]m-X-bv-p k-am--c-a- Cu ]m-X.\mw \-In-b A-[n-I Du-P-hpwZn-i-bpw Im-c-Ww `q-an-bp-sS ]-Y-n-\n-v A-I--I-p sNm--bp-sS ]-Y-n-te-v F-p- H-cp]m-X-bn-em-W-Xp t]m-Ip--Xv. kq-cy-s B-I-j-W-n-s-p ho-Wp-t]m-Im-Xn-cn-m-\pw A-Xn-s\A-Xn-Po-hn-p sNm--bp-sS ]m-X-bn-te-v D-b-cm-\pw th- th-Kw A-Xn-\p \-In-bm-Wp \mw hn--Xv.kq-cy-s\ tI-{-am-n {K-l--fpwD--I-fpw hm-\--{X--fp-sa-mw Np-p- C--cw ]m-X-I-vlo-en-tbm-sk-{Sn-Iv ]m-X(heliocentric trajectory) F-m-Wp ]-d-bp-I.

`q-an-tbm-Sv G--hpw A-Sp-s-p-tm sNm--bn-te-p- Zq-cw5.46 tIm-Sn-bpw G--hpw A-I-se-bm-bn-cn-p-tm D- Zq-cw 22.5 tIm-Sn-bpw In-tem-ao--dm-Wv. ]-t, \-

aw-K-bm-\-, tamwCy-bp-sS sNm-m-Zu-Xyw F-p ]-d-m F-m-h-cp-sS-bpw a-

\-n h-cp--Xv aw-K-bm F- t]-cm-Wv. F-m aw-K-bmF-v B ]--Xn-p t]-cn-. A-Xp ]-{X-m C- t]-cm-Wv. \-S-n-p-Im C--Xpw Aw-Ko-Im-c-ap--Xp-am-b t]-cv am-gv-kv Hm-_n- an-j (MOM- -tamw) F-m-Wv. aw-K-bm F-p t]-cm-p- Im-cyw sF-.F-k.v-B.-H N--sN-bv-Xn-cp-p. ]-t, th-s-p Xo-cp-am-\n-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. A--s\ t]-cn-m ]n-s Kp-cp-bm-\pw i-\n-bm-\pw H-s th-n-h-cp-a-tm. am-{X-a-, A-m-cm-jv{S-X-e-n t]-cn-S-en-\p Nn-e am-\-Z---sfm-s D-p-Xm-\pw. G-Xp-X-cw Zu-Xy-am-sW--sXm-s t]-cn hy--am-p--Xm-W-tm cm-Pym--c-{]m-[m-\y-ap- H-cp Zu-Xy-n-\p \--Xv.

29 20 sk]vXw-_ 2014BgvN--Xnv

p-sS Hm-_n- sNm--bn-se-m k--cn-t--Xv C-Xn-s]-e-a-S-m-Wv 68 tIm-Sn In-tem-ao-! ap-t ]-d--Xp-X-s Im-c-Ww h-f--h-gn.

sh-dpw 23,563 In-tem-ao- D-b-sc`q-an-bp-sS {`-a-W-]-Y-n F-n-m ]n-.F-kv.-F.-hn.-bn \mw`o-a-am-b C--\w I-n-s-nCu 68 tIm-Sn In-tem-ao- bm-{X-bv-tm? ]q-Pyw C--\w a-Xn! kq-cy-s sN-e-hn ku-P-\y-bm-{X!

C-Xn-\n-S-bn th-K-tam Zn-i-tbmH-s Nn-e-tm Xn-cp-t-n-h-cpw. C-Xn-\p kz-ev-]w C--\-sam-s I-n--Ww. A-Xp ]-t,\n-m-cw. C--cw h-gn-s-e-hp-I-m-bn t]-S-Iw A-Xn-\p-n B-sI I-cp-Xn-bn-cp--Xv sh-dpw 850 In-

tem C--\w B-Wv. `q-{`-a-W-]-Y-n-se B-bw-Iq-m-\m-bn B-dp-X-h-W-bpw-Iq-Sn I-n-t-n-h--Xv 365 In-tem. A-hn-sS-\n-p sNm--bn-te-v F-bv-Xp-hn-Sm 198 In-tem Iq-Sn I-n-p. _m-n 287 In-tem. C-Xm-Wv lo-en-tbm-sk-{Sn-Ivbm-{X-bn-se ssI-ap-X.

ap-q-dp Zn-h-k-s Cu bm-{X-bn \m-ep-h--am-Wv h-gn- i-cn-bm- \n--bn-n-cp--Xv. B-Zy-t-Xv Un-kw-_ 11-\p cm-hn-se 6 30-\p \-S-n. A-tm 129e-w In-tem-ao- A-I-se-bm-bn-cp-p t]-S-Iw. c-m-a-t-Xp \n--bn-n-cp--Xv G-{]n 16-\v B-sW-n-epwth-n-h-n-. Pq 11-\p ]p-e-s 4 30 \m-Wv C-Xp sN-bv-X-Xv. C-Xp-h-gn th-Kw sk--Un 1.574

ao- h-n-n-p. Cu B-K-n\-S-t-n-bn-cp- aq-mw Xn-cp--epw D-t]-n-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. A-{X-bv-p Ir-Xy-X-tbm-sS-bm-Wp bm-{X F-m-Wv A-[n-Ir-X ]-d-bp--Xv. sNm--bp-sS ]-Y-n I-S-p--Xn-\p ]-p-Zn-h-kw ap-v, sk-]v-w-_ 14-\v H-cpi-cn-bm--Iq-Sn \-S-n.

H-cp lm-bv ]-d-bm 20 an-\p- v!C-Xn-\n-S-bn Iu-Xp-I-I-c-am-b

Nn-e-Xp kw-`-hn-p. I-gn- am-n `q-an \-p-sS tam-an-s\ Hm-Sn-tm-ev-]n-p! kq-cy-\n-\n-v tam-an-te-p- t\-tc-J-sb `q-an ap-dn-p-I-S-p F-v.

G-{]n F-n-\p `q-an-bpw sNm--bpw kq-cy-\pw t\-tc-J-bn h-p. `q-an kq-cy-\pw sNm--bv-pwC-S-bn. A-Y-hm, sNm--bpw kq-cy-\pw `q-an-bp-sS F-Xn-h-i--fn. Hm-sm-kn-j F-p hn-fn-p- Cu {]-Xn-`m-kw 26 am-kwIq-Sp-tm-gm-Wv D-m-Ip--Xv. A-p t]-S-Iw `q-an-pw sNm--bv-pw C-S-bn H-c-ev-]w am-{Xw ]n-n-em-bn D-m-bn-cp-p. sXm--Sp- Zn-h-kw, G-{]n 9-\v, cm-hn-se 9 : 50\p t]-S-Iw A-Xn-s bm-{X-bp-sS ]-Ip-Xn-Zq-cw ]n-n-p.

C-Xn-\p ]n-m-se-bm-bn-cp-pPq 11-se th-Kw Iq-. sk-]v-w-_ 14-se k-m-c-]m-X Ir-Xy-am--Iq-Sn I-gn-v A--s\ \o-p- tamw sk-]v-w-_ 21-\psNm--bp-sS B-I-j-W-h-e-b-n s]-Sp--tXm-sS th-Kw sk--Un 3.1-\n-v 5.6 In-tem-ao- B-bn D-b-cpw. A-tXm-sS tamwsNm--sb a-dn-I-S-pw. A--s\-b-p t]m-bm, ]-sm-cp Hm--m-c I--s\ ]n-Sn-m Hm-Sn-b I-Y-t]m-se B-Ipw. Hm-Sn-tbm-Sn H-Sp-hn hm-in-I-b-dn I--s\ Hm-Sn-tm-ev-]n-p. A-h-s\ ]n-Sn--W-sa- Im-cyw ]p-n-m-c a-d-p-t]m-bn. A-Xp-t]m-se t]-S-Iw P-bn-p ap-t A-p t]m-Ipw. sNm- A-Xn-s ]m-n-\pw t]m-Ipw!

A-tm t]-S-I-n-s th-KwIp-d-v sNm--bv-sm-w B--Ww. th-Kw 1.6 In-tem-ao--dm-bn Ip-d-bv--Ww. h-en-b sh-p-hn-fn-bm-Wn-Xv. A-Xn-\v t]-S-I-s I-d-n]n-h-iw ap-n-em--Ww. A-tm tdm--v ap-tm-t-m-Ipw.F-n-p tdm--v I-n-p-tmth-Kw Ip-d-bpw. sNm--bn-\n-p

Ading fuel tank

30 20 sk]vXw-_ 2014 BgvN--Xnv

\n-n-X A-I-e-n sNm--bp-sSA-tX -th-K-n t]-S-Iw F-p-tm sNm--bp-sS B-I-j-Ww-sIm-v t]-S-Iw A-Xn-s\ Np-mXp-S-pw. A--s\ t]-S-Iw sNm--bp-sS {`-a-W-]-Y-n-em-Ipw. Cu{]-{In-b-bv-v 200 In-tem C--\wth-n-h-cp-sa-m-Wp I-W-v. C-Xn-\p--Xp _m-n-bp-v.

C-sXm-s sN-p-tm t]-S-Iw sNm--bp-sS A-t-p-d-m-bn-cn-pw. sNm--bp-sS a-d-hn. F-p-sh-m, B k-a-b-sm-pwt]-S-I-s `q-an-bn-\n-p t\-cn-p\n-co-n-m-\m-hn- F-v.

`q-an-bn-se \n-b-{-W-tI-{-n-\n-v C-Xn-s\m-s-bp-k-t-i- A-b-pw A-hn-sS-\n-p- dn-tm-p-I-fpw a-p k-t-i--fpw kzo-I-cn-pw H-s-bm-Wv C-sX-mw \n--ln-p--Xv. B-K-va-y-n--s `q-an-bn-\n-vH-cp k-t-iw (signal) A-hn-sS-sb-m ]-p-an-\p-v th-W-am-bn-cp-p. a-dp-]-Sn C-hn-sS F-m a-sm-cp ]-p-an-\p-pw. B-sI 20 an-\p-v. C-{X Im-e-Xm-a-k-ap- B-i-b-hn-\n-a-b-n-eq-sS A-Sn-b--c-{]m-[m-\y-tm-sS A-Xn-th-K-n t]-S-I-s \n-b-{n-mB-hn--tm. A-Xp-sIm-v, A-hn-sS \-S-t- {]-h--\--p- \n-t-iw A-Xn-\p-ap-m-bn t]-S-I-n-se I-yq--dn A-]v tem-Uv sN-bv-Xn-v Ir-Xy-k-a-b-v A-Xp{]-h-n-n-m-\p- {I-ao-I-c-Ww sN-p-I F--Xm-Wp co-Xn.

t]-S-I-n-s ]n--hpw th-K-hpw H-s B-{i-bn-m-Wv sNm--bp-sS D-]-cn-X-e-n-\n-v F-{X-In-tem-ao- D-b-sc-bp- {`-a-W-]-Y-sa-sm-s \n--bn-n-p--Xv.h-f-sc Ir-Xy-am-b B-kq-{X-W-hpw\n-c--c-\n-co--W-hpw B-h-iy-ap--Xm-Wv C-X-S-w hn-t-]-Wwap-X-ep- F-m-Im-cy--fpw.

F-hn-sS-sb-n-epw A-ev-]w ]m-fn-bm Cy-m-cp-sS \n-Ip-Xn--W-am-b 450 tIm-Sn cq-]-bp-sS Zu-Xyw]-cm-P-b-s-p F-p Iq-n-bm a-Xn. (C-{X-bpw ]-Ww ]m-gm-bn F-v C-Xn-\v A--an-. C-Xp-h-gnIn-p- A-\p-`-h-k--v ap-X-q-p-X-s-bm-Wv; ]-n-b ]n-g-hn-s\--n-bp--Xv A-S-w.)

h-c-th-m ap-Km-an-I{]-Xn-k-n-I-fn s]-Sm-sX e-

y-n F-n-b t]-S-I--

fn Zu-Xyw ]q-n-bm-n-b-hsNm--bp-sS ]-cn-k-c-v A-hn-tS-bpw C-hn-sS-bp-sam-s \-S-p-p-m-Ipw. k-t-i-hpw hn-h-c-hp-sam-pw C-. Nn-e-Xv sNm--bn-te-pho-Wn-cn--Ww. \n-e-n-d-n-b-h]-e-Xpw A-hn-sS-mw D-cp-p-\-S-pIp-gn-pw I-p-I s]-dp-n ]-cn-tim-[n-pw ]-S--sf-Sp-pw Zu-Xyw ]q-n-bm-n.

2012 Hm-K-v 6--\p ti-jw C-tmc-p K-th-j-W-h-n-I - Hm--Nyq-Wn-n-bpw Iyq-cn-tbm-kn-n-bpw-D-]-cn-X-e-n D-cp-p-\-S-v sNm--bp-sS c-l-ky- \-ap-p ]-d-p-X-cp-p. aq-s-w - am-gv-kv H-Uo-kn-bpw am-gv-kv F-Iv-kv-{]-kpw am-gv-kv dn-tm-Wn-k-kv Hm-_n--dpw- {`-a-W-]-Y--fn tdm-p-Np-p-I-

bpw sN-p-p.C-Xn-s\-mw ]p-d-ta-bm-Wv \-p-

sS tam-apw \m-k-bp-sS ta-sh-\pwA-tm-s-p--Xv. ta-sh-s I-Y-bn-ep-ap-v Iu-Xp-Iw. A-Xv tamw]p-d-s-v ]-Xn-aq-mw Zn-h-k-am-b2013 \-hw-_ 18--\m-Wp hn-t-]n--Xv. A-s-p--Xm-I-s tamwF-p--Xn-\p aq-p-Zn-h-kw ap-vsk-]v-w-_ 21\pw! \-p-sS tam-an-s\ ta-sh Hm-Sn-tm-ev-]n-p! \--sf-m Iq-Sp-X C--\w I-n-pw Iq-Sp-X ]-Ww sN-e-h-gn-pw i-n-Iq-Sn-b tdm--v D-]-tbm-Kn-pw H-s-bm-Wv A-h ta-sh-s\A-b--Xv. tam-an-s sN-e-hv G-gp-tIm-Sn tUm-f B-sW-n ta-sh-t-Xv ]-n-c-n-tbm-f-am-Wv - 67.2tIm-Sn tUm-f.

`q-an-bp-sS B-I-j-W- ]-cn-[n ew-Ln-p ]p-d-t-p t]m-tI- t]-S-I--sf A-Xn-\m-bn F-n-t- D-b-c-n-\v Pn-tbm-kv-t-j-\-dn{Sm-kv-^ Hm-_n-v (GTO) F-p ]-d-bpw. B D-b-c-n-te-v G-gm-bn-cw In-tem `m-cw H--b-Sn-v F-n-m I-gn-hp- A-v-e-kv-5 F--bn-\w tdm--n-em-Wv 2500 In-tem am-{X-ap- ta-sh-s\ \m-k hn-t-]n--Xv. A-Xp-sIm-v Pn.-n.-H-bn F-n-p sNm--bn-te-p-k-m-c-]-Y-n-te-p t\sc sXm-Sp-p-hn-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-p \m-k. \--fm-I-s 1300 In-tem am-{Xw Pn-.n.-H.-bn F-n-m I-gn-bp- ]n-.F-kv.-F.-hn.-bn-em-Wv 1337 In-tem-bp- tam-an-s\ hn-t-]n--Xv. kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bn F-n-m-hp- D-b-cw Ip-d-bpw. A-Xp-sIm-m-Wv Pn.-n.-H-bn F-m ]-e-h-w Np-g-n]-Yw D-b-p- A-`ym-kw th-n-h--Xv.

F-n-epw Cu co-Xn-v sN-e-hp-Ip-d-hn-\p ]p-d-sa th-sd-bpw sa--ap-s-v tam-an-s t{]m-{Kmw U-b-d-Iv- a-bn-kzm-an A-m-Zp-ssc ]-d-bp-p. sk-]v-w-_ 24-\p tam-an-s\ sNm--bp-sS \nZn- {`-a-W-]-Y-n kw-{I-an-n-m I-gn-n-s-n aq-p-Zn-h-kw I-gn-p ho-pw H-cp- X-h-W-Iq-Sn A-h-k-cw In-pw. A-Xp {]-tbm-P-\-s-Sp-m-\m-Ipw. ]-Y-ap-b--en-\p-kw-hn-[m-\w ]n-Sn-n--Xp-sIm-p- sa--am-Wn-sX-m-Wv A-t-lwhn-i-Zo-I-cn-p--Xv.

tamw hn-t-]n-m \mw B-Zyw ]-cn-K-Wn--Xv J-c-bn--\-tdm--m-b Pn-.F-kv.-F.-hn B-bn-cp-

{]-Xn-k-n-I-fn s]-Sm-sX e-y-n F-n-bt]-S-I--fn Zu-Xyw ]q-n-bm-n-b-h sNm--bp-sS ]-cn-k-c-v A-hn-tS-bpw C-hn-sS-bp-sam-s \-S-p-p-m-Ipw. k-t-i-hpwhn-h-c-hp-sam-pw C-. Nn-e-Xv sNm--bn-te-p ho-Wn-cn--Ww. \n-e-n-d-n-b-h]-e-Xpw A-hn-sS-mw D-cp-p-\-S-p Ip-gn-pw I-p-I s]-dp-n ]-cn-tim-[n-pw ]-S--sf-Sp-pwZu-Xyw ]q-n-bm-n

31 20 sk]vXw-_ 2014BgvN--Xnv

p. Pn.-F-kv.-F.-hn-bv-v 2000 2500 In-tem `m-cw Pn-.n-.H-.bn F-n-m I-gn-bpw. F-m2010 c-p-h-w J-c-bn--\({I-tbm-P-\n-Iv) b-{w ]-cm-P-b-s--Xn-\m-epw tam-an-s hn-t-]-W-k-a-b-n-\p-ap-v A-Xp i-cn-s-Sp-n]-co-n-m I-gn-bm-Xn-cp--Xn-\m-epw B-Wv ]n-.F-kv.-F.-hn-bn-te-p am-dm Xo-cp-am-\n--Xv. F-m tamw hn-t-]n-p-I-gn-D-S Pn-.F-kv.-F.-hn A-p i-cn-bm-bn! c-p-am-k-n-\-Iw, 2014 P-\p-h-cn 5-\v, A-Xp hn-P-b-I-c-am-bnhn-t-]n--s-Sp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp!

F-n A-ev-]w Iq-Sn Im-m-am-bn-cp-n-t F-p \ym-b-am-bpwtXm-mw. ]-t, I-gn-bp-am-bn-cp-

n- F--Xm-Wp k-Xyw. Iu-Xp-I-I-c-am-Wv A-Xn-s Im-c-W-hpw.

hn-t-]-W- Pm-e-Iw{K-l--fn-te-p- hn-t-]-W-

n-\p Nn-e {]-tXy-I k-a-b--fp-v. hn-t-]-W-Pm-e-Iw (Launchwindow) F-m-Wn-Xn-\p t]-cv. `q-an-p Np-p-ap- {`-a-W-]-Y--fn-te-p- hn-t-]-W-n-\v C-Xpt\m-t-. F-m A-hn-sS {`-a-Ww sN-p- cm-Pym--c _-ln-cm-Im-i-\n-e-bw (InternationalSpace Station- ISS) t]m-se h- e-y-n-te-pw B-sW-nC-Xp t\m-n-tb ]-q. e-yw B-Wp hn-j-bw.

Hm-tcm {K-l-n-\pw C--cw hn-

t-]-W-Pm-e-I-ap-v. {K-lm--c-bm-{X-bv-p sN-p--Xv `q-an-bp-sSk-m-c-]-Y-n-\n-v A-Xnt\-m D-b--tXm Xm-gv--tXm B-b H-cp k-m-c-]-Y-n-te-v H-cpt]-S-I-s A-b-bv-p-I-bm-W-tm. sNm--bp-sS Im-cyw F-Sp-mw.A-Xn-s ]-Yw \-p-tS-Xn-epw D-b--Xm-Wv. A-hn-sS, B ]-Y-n-te-p Ip--s\ D-b-m-\m-hn-.A-Xn-\p kq-cy-s B-I-j-W-ssh-p-hn-fn-t-n-h-cpw. h-en-btdm--v I-n-p-sIm-t-bn-cn--Ww. \mw A-Xn-\pam-{Xw B-bn-n-.]-I-cw kq-cy-s B-I-j-Ww D-]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-sm-p- bm-{X-I-fm-Wp \mw sN-p--Xv.

`q-an-bp-sS-bpw sNm--bp-sS-bpw

_-ln-cm-Im-i-Zu-Xy- im-kv-{X--v D-m-p- am-\-kn-I-kw-L-jw sN-dp-X-. A-Xp-sIm-v, \- im-kv-{X -m-\-ap-s-n-epw im-kv-{X-t_m-[-an-m- im-kv-{X- A--hn-izm-k--fn ho-Wp-t]m-Ip--Xv A-]q-h-a-. i-cn-bm-b B--hn-izm-k-n-s Ip-d-hm-Wv C-Xn-\p Im-c-Ww F-p ]-d-bmw. C--cw hn-izm-k--fp-sS kz-`m-hw a-\-n-em-m H-cp X-am-i ]-d-bmw.

\- tamw hn-t-]n-p- Zn-h-kw \m-k-m\-p-sS im-kv-{X--v H-cp B-iw-k A-b-p. H-w H-cp k-m-\-hpw. Ip-sd ]o-\-v-kv! _-ln-cm-Im-i-Zu-Xy- hn-P-bn--W-sa-n tdm--p hn-Sp-tm ]o-\-v-kv Xn--Ww t]m-epw! G-gp ]-cm-P-b--p ti-j-am-Wp \m-k-bp-sS 1964-se H-cp Nm-{-Zu-Xyw hn-P-bn-p--Xv. A-v hn-t-]-W-tI-{-n A-h ]o-\-v hn-X-c-Ww sN-bv-Xn-cp-p. A-Xp-sIm-m-Wp Zu-Xyw hn-P-bn--Xv F- a- [m-c-W-bp-sS A-Sn-m-\-n ]n-o-Sp- F-m hn-t-]-W-k-a-b-pw A-h ]o-\-p sIm-dn-p-a-t{X! C-\nA-Xp-h-gn-sb-m-\p-am-Wp `-Kyw h-cp--sX-n I-f-bp--sX-n-\m F-v.

\--fpw tam-i-am-I-cp-X-tm. A-h-cp-sS hn-t-]-W-th-f-bn a-X-\n-c-t]--`m-c-X-n-s HutZym-Kn-I-im-kv-{X-m-]-\-am-b sF-.F-kv.-B.-H A-b-p-sIm-Sp-p--Xv Xn-cp--Xn t-{X-n-se ]m-b-k-am-Wv!tdm--p hn-Spwap]v tX-m D-S-bv-p-I-bpw hn--Xphn-P-bn--Xn-\p i-_-cn-a-e-bn t]m-bn sXm-gp-I-bpwXp-em-`m-cw Xq-p-I-bpw H-s sN-p- im-kv-{X- C-Xpw C-Xn-\-p-d-hpw sN-pw. tem-I-s G-Xp cm-Pyt-bpw im-kv-{X--tcm-Sp In-S-]n-Sn-m-hp--h-cm-Wv \-p-sS im-kv-{X- F-n-cn-s, C-h-sc-mw kz-w I-gn-hn hn-izm-k-an-m--h-cpw Zu-Xy-n-se _m-ly-i-n-I-fp-sS C-S-s]-S-en hn-iz-

kn-p--h-cpw B-bn-cn-p--Xn-se bp-n-cm-ln-Xyw\-p-sS hn-Zym-`ym-k-]--Xn-bp-sS ]-cm-P-b-am-sW-pam-{X-ta Im-Wm-\m-hq.

...A-tm-n-s, sNm-m-tZm-j-sa- A--hn-izm-k-n-s t]-cn s]-Ip-n-I-fp-sS `m-hn-\-in-n-p- c-n-Xm--sf Ip-w ]-d-bm-\m-Ip-tam?! C-tm a-\p-jy Im-c-Ww sNm--bv-m-Wp tZm-jw F-m-bn-cn-p-p. F-n-pw sNm- tI-c-f-n-se Ip-td ]m-hws]-Ip-n-I-sf sX-c-p-]n-Sn-p th--bm-Sp-p F-p hn-iz-kn-p--Xn-se A-kw-_-w \mw B-tem-Nn-p-p-t]m-ep-an-!

]o-\-pw im-kv-{X-t_m-[-hpw

32 20 sk]vXw-_ 2014 BgvN--Xnv

k-m-c-Zn-i H-m-W-tm. B Zn-i-bn, `q-an-bp-sS k-m-c-th-Kw-Iq-Sn D-]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n, `q-an-bp-sS]-Y-n-\n-v D-b-p sNm--bp-sS ]-Y-n F-m th-A-[n-I-th-Kw \-In, H-cp {]-tXy-

I-k-m-c-]m-X-bn-eq-sS-bm-Wp t]-S-I-s A-b-bv-p-I. C-Xp kq-cy-s\ Np-p- H-cp Zo-L-hr-(F-en-]v-kv)]m-X-bm-bn-cn-pw.

B Zo-L-hr--n-s Ir-Xyw]-Ip-Xn-sIm-v e-y-n (sNm-

-bn) F--Ww. Zo-L-hr--]m-X-bp-sS ]-Ip-Xn F- _n-p-hnB {K-l-hpw (sNm-) t]-S-I-hpw H-tc-k-a-bw F--Ww. hn-t-]-W-k-a-bw C-X-\p-k-cn-p I-W-m--Ww. B ]m-X-bp-sS Xp-S--_n-p

\-hw-_ 5 D--I-gn-p 2 30. tam-an-s\ {io-l-cn-tm--bn-\n-p hn-t-]n-p- D-tZz-Kw \n-d- \n-an-j-. Ir-Xyw 2 36-\p tam-an-s\-bpw h-ln-p ]n-.F-kv.-F.-hn Ip-Xn-p-s]m-n. F-m I-p-I-fpw \n-co--W-kv-{Io-\p-I-fn. X-ev-]-c-cm-bs]m-Xp-P-\--fn \--]-pw s-en-hn-j-\n hn-t-]-Ww X--a-bw Im-Wp-p. tdm--n-s H-pw c-pw aq-pw L-- t\-cmw-h-w I-p-I-bpw th-s]-Sp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. t\m-n-bn-cn-s,2 51-\p kv-{Io-\n-\n-p tdm--v A-{]-Xy--am-bn!

kw-K-Xn F-m-sW-v im-kv-{X--v A-dn-bmw. n-hn t{]--I-m-bn hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-hpw h-p. F-n-epw 11 an-\p-tm-fw tdm--n-\v F-m-Wpkw-`-hn-p--Xv F--dn-bm B-pw H-cp am--hpw D-m-bn-cp-n-. tdm--v B -k-a-b-sa-mw im--k-ap-{Z-n-\p-ap-I-fn B-bn-cp-p. A-hn-sS \n-co--W-n-\p kw-hn-[m-\-sam-p-an-.

A-Xp-h-sc-bp- bm-{X \n-co-n-n-cp--Xv {io-l-cn-tm--bn-epw t]m-v s-b-dn-epw {_q-sW-bn-epw C-tm-t\-jy-bn-se _n-bm-n-epw D- \-p-sS \n-co--W-tI-{- B-Wv. A-Xn-\-]p-dw im--k-ap-{Zw I-gn-t-bp-q \n-co--W-n-\p kw-

hn-[m-\w. \m-k-bp-sS Iym-_-d, am-{Un-Uv,tKm-Uv kv-tm \n-e-b--fpw Z-n-Wm-{^n- _-ln-cm-Im-i G-P-kn (SANSA) bp-sSlm-t-_o-kv-tXm-sb-Iv (Hartebeesthoek) \n-e-b-hpw \-ap-p-th-n \n-co--W-hpw \n-b-{-W-hpw \-S-n.

F-m, im--k-ap-{Z-n-\p ap-I-fn-em-Wv G--hpw {]-[m-\-s- kw-`-hw \-S--Xv - \m-emwL--n-s Pz-e-\-hpw t]-S-Iw th-s]-Sp--epw. C-Xp sX-t- im--k-ap-{Z-n-\p ap-I-fn-sh-p \-S----hn-[w B-Wv sF-.F-kv.-B-.HB-kq-{X-Ww sN-bv-Xn-cp--Xv. A-Xn-\m-bn Cu {]-h--\- ]-Xn-hn-\n-p hy-Xy-kv-X-am-bn27 an-\p-v ssh-In-p. C-Xn-\n-S-bn-se 11 an-\p-m-Wpt]-S-Iw \n-co--W-n-\p ]p-d-m-b-Xv.

H--Xp an-\p-v \o-fp- \m-emw L--n-s Pz-e-\-hpw t]-S-Iw th-s]-Sp--epw \n-co-n-t I-gn-bp-am-bn-cp-p-q. A-Xn-\m-bn \n-co--W D-]-I-c-W- k-o-I-cn- c-p I--ep-I sX-t -im--k-ap-{Z-n F-n-p Cy jn-n-Mv tIm--td-j-s F-kv-.kn.-sF. b-ap-\-bpwF-kv-.kn.-sF. \-f--bpw. ^n-Pn Zzo-]n-\p k-ao-]-am-bn-cp-p C-h-bp-sS m-\w. C-h A-hn-sS F-n-m 45 Zn-h-kw th-W-am-bn-cp-p. C-Xn-\n-sSIm-em-h- N-Xn-p. I--ep-I F-m ssh-In. A--s\-bm-Wv hn-t-]-Ww t\-c-t Xo-cp-am-\n--Xn-\n-v H-cm-gv-N ssh-In \-hw-_ 5-te-p am-t-n-h--Xv.

G-Xm-bm-epw 3 12-\p tdm--v \-f--bp-sS Zr-n-]-Y-n-se-n. F-m-h-pw izm-kw t\-scho-Wp! \m-emw-L-w 3 14-\p `w-Kn-bm-bn Pz-en-p. t]-S-Iw 3 23-\p tdm--n-\n-p th-s]-p.ku-c-]m-fn-I 3 51-\p hn-S-n. Ir-Xyw 4 15-\v B-Zy-{`-a-W-]-Y-n t]-S-Iw {]-th-in-p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.

tlm-fn-hp-Uv _-ln-cm-Im-i-kn-\n-a-I t]m-seD-tZz-K-hpw ]n-cn-ap-dp--hpw B-I-kv-an-I-X-I-fpw H-s \n-d--Xm-Wv C--cw G-Xp Zu-Xy-hpw.t]-S-I-s A-n-a-am-bn sNm--bn-te-v F-bv-Xp-hn-tS- \-hw-_ 30-se A--cm-{Xn-bn-se \n-m-b-I ap-lq--n B Zu-Xyw \n-co-n-t-n-bn-cp- lm-t-_o-kv-tXm-sb-Iv \n-e-bwC-Sn-bpw a-g-bpw Im-c-Ww s]m-Sp--s\ \n--e-am-b-Xpw C-Xp-t]m-se B-i--bp-sS \n-an-j-kr-n-n-cp-p. C-\n k-o--am-b L-w Cu24-\p \-S-t- sNm-m-]-Y-k-n-th-i-am-Wv.

Im-Wm-sX-t]m-b tdm--v

33 20 sk]vXw-_ 2014BgvN--Xnv

(`q-an-bp-sS m-\w) kq-cy-s a-dp-h-i-v B-bn-cn--Ww. e-y-_n-p-hpw kq-cy-\pw hn-t-]-W-_n-p-hpw t\-tc-J-bn B-bn-cn-p-I-bpw th-Ww. (`q-an-bp-sS k-m-c-X-e-s A-t]-n-p sNm--bp-sS X-e-n-\v 1.85 Un-{Kn-bp-sS N-cn-hp-vF--Xpw ]-cn-K-Wn--Ww.) P- im-kv-{X--\m-b hm-tlm-m (Walter Hohmaan)B-Wv Cu co-Xn \n-tZ-in--Xv. A-Xp-sIm-v, tlm-m {Sm-kv-^ F-m-Wn-Xv A-dn-bp--Xv;Cu ]m-X tlm-m ]m-X-sb-pw.

`q-{`-a-W-]-Y-n-\n-p tlm-m ]m-X-bn-te-p th-Kw Iq-nhn-t-]n-p- t]-S-I-n-s ]m-X kq-cy-s B-I-j-W-^-e-am-bnkq-cy-s\ Np-p- Zo-L-hr--am-bncq-]-s-Spw. A-Xn-s ]-Ip-Xn F-p-tm A-Xv B Zo-L-hr--n-s a-t ]-Ip-Xn-bn-eq-sS Xn-cn-sI h-cn-t? A-sXm-gn-hm-n B D-b--]m-X-bn-eq-sS A-Xp kq-cy-s\Np-n-sm-n-cn--W-sa-n Xm-Wp-t]m-Im-Xn-cn-m-\p- A-[n-I-th-Kw \mw \-I-Ww. A-tX-k-a-bw, t]-S-I-s A-tm A-hn-sS-bp- {K-l-n-s (sNm--bp-sS)Np-p-ap- {`-a-W-]-Y-n B-p-I-bm-Wp th--sX-n, B {K-l-

n-\p ]n-Sn-s-Sp-m ]m-I-nth-Kw Ip-d-p-sIm-Sp--Ww. C-Xm-Wv tam-an-s-bpw ta-sh-s-bpw H-s Im-cy-n sN-p--Xv.

C--s\ e-y-{K-l-n-s-bpw`q-an-bp-sS-bpw m-\w i-cn-bm-b co-Xn-bn h-cp- Im-e-b-f-hm-Wv B{K-l-n-s hn-t-]-W-Pm-e-Iw.2013 \-hw-_ 18 ap-X Un-kw-_7 h-sc B-bn-cp-p sNm--bp-sS C-tm-g-s hn-t-]-W-Pm-e-Iw. ta-sh-\pw tam-apw hn-t-]n--Xv CuA-h-k-cw D-]-tbm-Kn-m-Wv. sNm--bp-sS hn-t-]-W-Pm-e-I- 780Zn-h-kw (c-p-sIm--hpw c-p-am-k-hpw) C-S-hn-m-Wp h-cp--Xv. 2016 P-\p-h-cn G-{]n Im-e-pw 2018G-{]n ta-bn-epw 2020 Pq-sse sk-]v-w-_-dn-epw B-Wv C-\n-bp-hn-t-]-W-Pm-e-I-. A-s-

mw hn-t-]n-m-\p- Zu-Xy- X-m-dm-bn-h-cp-p.

hym-gw, i-\n, bp-dm-\-kv, s\-]v-yq F-n-h-bv-s-m-ap- hn-t-]-W-Pm-e-Iw H-n-p-In-n-bk-a-b-p thm-tb-P-2 hn-t-]n-m I-gn--Xm-Wv B Zu-Xy-n-s a-lm-hn-P-b-n-\p Im-c-W-am-b-Xv. A--c-sam-cp hn-t-]-W-Pm-e-Iw H-p-In-m 175 sIm-w Im-n-cn--Ww.

{I-tbm-P-\n-Iv F-Pn i-cn-bm-Im Im-n-cp-v 2013-se hn-t-]-W-Pm-e-Iw \--s-Sp-n-bn-cp-s-n ]n-s 2016-te \-ap-v A-h-k-cw In-p-am-bn-cp-p-q. A-Xp-sIm-m-Wv ]n-.F-k.v-F.-hn D-]-tbm-Kn-p- hn-t-]-W-n-\p \mw \n--nXcm-b-sX-m-Wv sF-.F-kv.-B.-H A-[n-Ir-X ]-d-bp--Xv. G-Xm-bm-epw G--hpw sN-e-hp-Ip-d- hn-t-]-W-km-t-Xn-I-hn-Zy hn-P-b-I-c-am-bn D-]-tbm-Kn- cm-Pyw F- Aw-Ko-Im-cw A-Xp \-ap-p t\-Sn--cpw!

A-t-b-w D-tZz-Kw \n-d- Zn-\--fm-Wv \-ap-p-ap-n. Cu A-h-km-\-L- -n-em-Wp ]-e Zu-Xy--fpw ]-cm-P-b-s-n-p--Xv F--XvD-Xv--WvT h-n-n-p-p.tkmhnb-v bq-Wn-b-s B-Zy-]-p Zu-Xy-hpw \m-k-bp-sS B-dpZu-Xy--fpw C-Xn-s-Spw. F-n-epw ip-`-hm--bv-m-bn Im-n-cn-mw.

C-\n-bp- Zn-h-k--fn tam-an-s Iq-Sp-X hm--I h-cpw;ta-sh-s-bpw. A-tm C-m-cy--sfm-s a-\-n sh-bv-p-I.F-sm-s ]T-\- \-S-p-p, F-sm-s I-p-]n-Sn-mI-gn-bp-p, A-Xn-s {]m-[m-\ywF-sm-s F-s-mw ]n-o-Sp- Zn-h-k--fn-epw {i-n-p-I.A-Xn-\p- t{]-c-W-bm-I-s CuIp-dn-v.

A-t-b-w D-tZz-Kw \n-d- Zn-\--fm-Wv \-ap-p- ap-n.A-h-km-\-L- -n-em-Wp ]-e Zu-Xy--fpw ]-cm-P-b-s- n- p--Xv F--Xv D-Xv--WvT h-n-n-p-p.tkmhnb-v bq-Wn-b-s B-Zy-]-p Zu-Xy-hpw \m-k-bp-sSB-dp Zu-Xy--fpw C-Xn-s-Spw. F-n-epwip-` -hm--bv-m-bn Im-n-cn-mw