ഇനിയൊരു once more ഉണ്ടായിരിക്കുന്നതല്ല.! /...

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"അരികുകളിലേക്ക്..കൂടുതൽ കൂടുതൽ അരികുകളിലേക്ക് ജീവിതങ്ങൾ തിങ്ങി ഞെരുങ്ങി വരുന്ന കാലത്ത് കൂടിച്ചേരലുകൾ രാഷ്ട്രീയം പങ്കുവെക്കുന്നുണ്ട്. അന്യന്റെ ശബ്ദം സംഗീതം പോലെ ആസ്വദിക്കുന്ന കാലത്തിനു വേണ്ടിയുള്ള സമരങ്ങൾ കൊണ്ട് തുന്നിച്ചേർത്ത ഇന്നുകളിലാണ് നമ്മൾ ജീവിക്കുന്നത്.ഒരടി മുമ്പോട്ടും മൂന്നടി പിറകോട്ടും വെക്കുന്ന ഗതികെട്ട കാലത്തെ തിരിച്ചറിയുകയും തിരുത്തുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നതും രാഷ്ട്രിയ പ്രവര്‍ത്തനമാണ്.നല്ല നാളേക്ക് വേണ്ടി നമ്മൽ ഉണർന്നു ഉയർന്നു നോക്കിയതെല്ലാം പിറകോട്ടെക്ക് വലിക്കുന്ന ഇല്ലായ്മകളെ, മടിയന്മാരുടെ മാനിഫെസ്റ്റോകളെ മാറ്റിയെഴുതേണ്ടതുണ്ട്.once more കൾ അവസാനിക്കുന്നിടത്ത് നമ്മളും അവസാനിക്കുന്നു.ചരിത്രത്തെ മായ്ച്ചു കളയുമ്പോൾ ഓർമ്മകൾ കൊണ്ട് സമരം ചെയ്യുക. .ഈ മറവിക്കാലത്ത് നമ്മുക്ക് ഓർമ്മകളെക്കുറിച്ച് സംസാരിച്ചു തുടങ്ങാം.."

TRANSCRIPT

  • GXp Im-em-h--bn-epw h-j--tfmfw...

  • B-]-I-c-am-b \n-an-j--fn F-n-]n-Sn-p- Hm--bp-sS

    t]-cm-Wv N-cn-{Xw

  • C-\n-sbm-cp ONCE MORE D-m-bn-cn-p--X-..

    Kh {_ tImtfPv Xetcn

    amK-kn 2015

  • Statement of ownershipPlace of publication :

    Periodicity of publication :

    Publishers name :Nationality :

    Address :

    Editors name :Nationality :

    Address :

    ThalasseryAnnually

    Dr. PM IsmailIndianPrincipal,Govt.Brennen CollegeThalassery

    Ashmitha GPIndianStudent Editor, Govt.Brennen College, Thalassry

    This book is licenced under a creative commons attribution-non commercial ShareAlike 4.0 international (CC BY-NC-SA4.0)

  • Staff Editor in ChiefKV Sudhakaran

    Student Editor in ChiefAshmitha GP

    Board of EditorsThejas PRagil K

    Shiju CPCyril FabianAthul Johns

    Anusree SreekumarKhaleel Ahammed Zaheer

    AnjanaKrishna

    Krishna PrasadAswin Kumar

    AnuragNidhin VP

    Cover & IllustrationPrajil Aman

    Design & LayoutJilebee

    +91 9633-000396

    Type SettingPalayad Communications

    PhotographyAril Ravindran

    Anusree Sreekumar

    Printed atPrinting ParkThalassery

  • And you'll ask: why doesn't his poetryspeak of dreams and leaves

    and the great volcanoes of his native land?

    Come and see the blood in the streets.Come and see

    The blood in the streets.Come and see the blood

    In the streets!

    -Neruda

  • \njv-IfXsb Ipdnp \t_m[amWv Hmtcm

    Iem]nsbpw ImX-Albert Camus

  • C--s-e-I--v...

  • t]m-b a-\p-j-y-cm-cpw Xn-cn-v h-n-n-Ip-n-d-n, ho-in-b ssI-I-sfm-pw

    ]n-o-Sv D-b-n-n- A-v B-Im-i-v ]q- \--{X--sfm-pw

    ]n-s I-v Xp-d-n-n--...

  • H-cn- ho-in-b Im-n-s\]n-s-bm-cpw sXm-n-n-

    H-cn- h-n I-b-dn-b Ip-p-I-sfm-pw]n-o-Sv a-dp-]-Sn I--b-n-n-

    ]p-Xp-a-g s]-bv-X-tm ]- a-n--\p-m-b a-Ww ]n-o-Sm-cp-sS aq-n-epw I-b-dn-bn-n-

    th-c-v t]m-b a-c--sfm-pw]n-o-Sv X-fn-n-n--

  • sIm-m-cw Im-Wm t]m-b ssZ-hw]n-o-Sv Rm-\n-hn-sS D-s-v ]-d-v H-cp I-pw ap-I-fn-te-s-dn-n-n-

    Xp--ep h-n t]m-b-Xv sIm-v]n-s-bm-cpw tZ-hn--n Im-n-v Xp-n-bn-n-.

  • _-n-d-n t]m-b Im-Sm-p-g `-K-h-Xn-v]n-o-Sv _-sm-pw In-n-bn-

    {Xn-q-ew I-b-dn-b- A--c--fn-sem-pw]n-o-Sv ]-S-p-I D-m-bn-n-.

  • X-e-\-n-d-s-b k-w-J-y-I-f-p-s-S H-m-f s-]-c-p-- s-I-m--v \-S--p- A-`-n-\-h N-m-t--m a-m-j-p-a-m-t-c-m-S-v `-q-t-K-m-f--n-s- k-v-]--\-w a-m--a-m--n-I-v-k-n B-s-W- \-n--f-p-s-S a-q-V-[-m-c-W s-I--n ]-n-S-n--v \-n- C-\-n-b-p-w \-n-t--m-f-q I-q--n-b-p-w I-p-d--p-w C-\-n-b-p-w \-n---v F-{-X i-n-j-v-S--s-f F-g-p-X-n X--m-\-m-h-p-w?F--m k-a-h-m-I-y---p-w \-n--m-c-W-w s-N--m]--m- P-o-h-n-X--n-s- t-N-m-Z-y-N-n---f-p--v, k-w-J-y-I-f-n \-n--v a-\-p-j-y-\-n-t-e--p-]-c-n-W-m-a--n-\-v F-{-X s-s-k--m-X-n-I Z-q-c--f-p--v ?

    /{_ tImtfPn Pohnncnphtcm acnhtcm Bbn CXn\v bmsXmcp _hpan, As\ tXmppshn Xopw bmZrnIw am{XamWv.

  • Xetmdn HmIfpw adhnIfpw D-v...]pXnb _fpw ]pXnb kmlNcyfpw ]gbXns\

    adm t{]cnnpw"---

    Fw. F hn-P-b amjv

    Prof. MN Vijayan joined Madras New College as a teacher in 1952. He worked as a lec-turer at University College, Trivandrum for a brief period before joining Brennen College, Thalassery, in 1960 as Malayalam lecturer.

    He retired in 1985.

    1960

    1985

    {]-K--cm-b A-ym-]-I-cp-sS \o--\n-c-X-s-bp-m-bn-cp-s-n-epw {_- Fw.F.hn-P-b-s tIm-tf-Pm-bn A-dn-b-s-p. 1960em-Wv A-t-lw {_--\n-se a-e-bm-f hn-`m-K-n A-ym-]-I-\m-bn tN-cp--Xv. am-kv-a-cn-I-am-b hy-n-{]-`m-h-hpw A-\p-]-a-am-b m-kp-I-fpw K-l-\-am-b a-\x-im-kv-{X-]T-\--fpw A-Npw-_n-X-am-b {]-`m-j-W--fpw A-Xn-se-m-ap-]-cn am-\p-jn-I-am-b Po-hn-X k-ao-]-\--fp-sa-mw A-t-l-s {]-i-kv-X-\m-n. I-hn-X-bpw ku--cy-im-kv-{X-hpw A-t-lw ]Tn-n--tm H-cp h-en-b tem-Iw m-kv-ap-dn-bn-te-v C-d-n-h-p.

  • 19901991 1992

    2014

    The economic liberalisation in India refers to the ongoing economic liberalisation, initi-ated in 1991, of the country's economic policies, with the goal of making the economy more market-oriented and ex-panding the role of private and foreign investment. Specific changes include a reduction in import tariffs, deregulation of markets, reduction of taxes, and greater foreign investment.

    On December 6, 1992, a large crowd of Hindu Kar Sevaks (volunteers) entirely destroyed the 16th-century Babri Masjid mosque inAyodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India, in an attempt to reclaim the land known as Ram Janmabhoomi (the mythological birthplace of the Hindu god Rama). The demolition occurred after a rally supporting the movement turned violent and resulted in several months of intercommunal rioting between Indias Hindu and Muslim communities, causing the death of at least 2,000 people

    Malayala Manorama Chief Editors Trophy-Best College Magazine 2014

    Kannur University Pampan Madhavan Maazine Award- Best College Magazine 2014

    Putthakam Magazine Award- Best Third College Magazine, Best Layout

    Editorial board

    90I-f-p-s-S B-Z-y ]-I-p-X-n-b-n P-\-n--p F--X-m-W-v R--f-p-s-S X-e-a-p-d-s-b t-h-d-n--p \-n--p- k-h-n-t-i-j-X-I-f-n {-]-[-m-\-s---X-v.H-c-p c-m-P-y-w A-X-n-s- \-n-e-\-n--p h- h-y-h-k-v-Y-n--n-X-n-I-s-f-b-m-s-I D-t-]--n--p-s-I-m--v a-m---f-p-t-S-X-m-b ]-p-X-n-s-b-m-c-p Z-i-I--n-t-e--v I-S--p-I-b-m-b-n-c-p--p.(A-X-n-\-v \-n-_--n--s--S-p-I-b-m-b-n-c-p--p.-) B a-m---f-p-s-S t-h-K-X-t-b-m-s-S-m--a-m-W-v R- h-f--X-v.

    2015

    Nqmagazine14

    C-\n-sbm-cp ONCE MORE D-m-bn-cn-p--X-..Annual'2015

  • 1994

    1995

    1993 1994

    1995

    1995

    1995

    1995

    19951995

    1995 1995

    1994

    19941992

    CP Shiju Ashmitha GP/Editor

    Cyril Fabian Thejas P Ragil K

    Anurag EK

    KrishnaNidhin VPAnjana Nandan

    Anusree Sreekumar Aswin Kumar Athul Johns

    Krishna Prasad

    Khaleel Ahammed Zaheer

    Contents

    1994

    ....X-e-a-p-d-s-b \-n-i-_-v-Z-a-m--p-I F--X-v h-y-h--b-p-s-S B-h-i-y-a-m-W-v. \-m-s-f t-N-m-Z-y- H--p-w X-s- D--m-h-c-p-s-X- \-h a-p-X-e-m-f-n---n-s- F--m-e-s--b-p-w h-e-n-b B-{-K-l--n-s- D-]--a-m-W-t--m C-u a-u-\-w.

    ....a--n ]-W-n-s-b-S-p--p- b-Y-m--h-w-i-o-b k-z-X-z-a-p--h-s-\ ]-p-e-b-s-\--p h-n-f-n--p-t--m A-[-n-I-m-c-w I-\-n--p \-I-n-b -m-\-a-m-\- I--m-f-p--h B-Z-c-W-o-b-\-m-I-p--p. s-]-m-t-e-s--t-a-m s-X-d-n-b-m-I-p--X-p-w t-a-t-\-m-s--t-a-m _-l-p-a-m-\-y-\-m-I-p--X-p-w C-u N-c-n-{-X-]--m--e--n-e-m-W-v.

    ....k-v-{-X-o-I-f-p-s-S B--h-n-i-z-m-k-w {-]-a-p-J I---\-n-I-f-p-s-S k-m-\-n--d-n \-m-]-v-I-n-\-p-I-f-n A-[-n-j-vT-n-X-a-m-W-v F- c-q-]--n {-]-X-y--s--S-p- ]-c-k-y--f-n-e-q-s-S h-n-]-W-n-b-p-w ]-c-n-[-n-h-s-c k-v-{-X-o-I-f-p-s-S t-_-m-[-a-W-v-U-e-s- N-q-j-W-w s-N--p-I-b-m-W-v.

    ....A-X-n-h-c--p-I-f-n--m-s-X-, H--n--v C-c-t-X-S-n ]--n- B h-e-n-b I-m-e--n-t-e--p- H-s-c--n t-\-m--a-m-W-v ]-e {-]-W-b--f-p-w. A--s-\ h-c-p-t--m-g-m-W-v {-]-W-b-w s-s-P-h-n-I-X-b-n \-n--p-w a-m-d-n c-m-j-v-{-S-n-b k-z-`-m-h--n-t-e--v I-S--p--X-v.

    ....s-P.F.b-p X-o-{-h-h-m-Z-n-I-s-f d-n-{-I-q--v s-N--p- I-e-m-e-b-a-m-W-v F--m-W-v. s-P.F.b-p h-n A-S-n-b--c {-]-m-[-m-\-y-t--m-s-S B-c-w-`-n-t---X-v _-n.F-k-v.F-^-n-s- H-c-p I-y-m-w-]-v H-m-^-o-k-v B-W-v F--m-W-v. C-{-X-b-p-w C-S-p--n-b-, I--S--v C-c-p--m--p- A-t-b-m-K-y-s-c ]-e C-S--f-n-t-e--p-w k-w-L-]-c-n-h-m-c- D-g-n--n--v s-h--n-c-n--p-I-b-m-W-v.

  • A-cn-Ip-I-fn-te-v..Iq-Sp-X Iq-Sp-X A-cn-Ip-I-fn-te-v Po-hn-X- Xn-n sR-cp-n h-cp- Im-e-v Iq-Sn-t-c-ep-I cm-{n-bw ]-p-sh-p-p-v. A-\y-s i-w kw-Ko-Xw t]m-se B-kz-Zn-p- Im-e-n-\p th-n-bp- k-a-c- sIm-v Xp-n-t- C-p-I-fn-em-Wv \- Po-hn-p--Xv.H-c-Sn ap-tm-pw aq--Sn ]n-d-tIm-pw sh-p- K-Xn-sI- Im-e-s Xn-cn--dn-bp-I-bpw Xn-cp-p-I-bpw sN-p--Xpw cm-{n-b {]-h---\-am-Wv. \- \m-tf-v th-n \- D-W-p D-b-p t\m-n-b-sX-mw ]n-d-tIm-t-v h-en-p- C-m-bv-a-I-sf, a-Sn-b-m-cp-sS am-\n-s^-tm-I-sf am-n-sb-gp-tX--Xp-v. ONCE MOREI A-h-km-\n-p-n-S-v \--fpw A-h-km-\n-p-p. N-cn-{X-s am-bv-p I-f-bp-tm Hm--I sIm-v k-a-cw sN-p-I.

    Editorial

  • s-{-I-U-n--v B-U-v s-k-a- k-n--w F--v H-m-a-\ t-]-c-n- X-n-f--p- a-q--v-I-b-d-n X--n D-Z-n--v s-]-m--p- \--{-X---p-I-s-f--m-w -W-n-I-w A-W--p t-]-m-b-n. I-e-b-p-w I-e-m-]-h-p-w s-I-m--p \-S- b-p-h-X ]-X-n-s-b a-u-\--n-s- _-e-n-]-oT--n h-n-{-i-a-n--m X-p-S--n. X-e-a-p-d-s-b \-n-i-_-v-Z-a-m--p-I F--X-v h-y-h--b-p-s-S B-h-i-y-a-m-W-v. \-m-s-f t-N-m-Z-y- H--p-w X-s- D--m-h-c-p-s-X- \-h a-p-X-e-m-f-n---n-s- F--m-e-s--b-p-w h-e-n-b B-{-K-l--n-s- D-]--a-m-W-t--m C-u a-u-\-w.

  • k-a-c-k-s--S-m- b-u-h-\ I-m-e--n-\-v X-S-k- t-\-c-n--v X-p-S--n-t-b-m ? I-m-e {-]-h-m-l--n C-S-b-n-s-e-h-n-s-S-t-b-m s-h--v B-t-h-i--f-p-s-S ]-p-W-y (]-m-]-) \-Z-n H-g-p--v a-p-d-n--v k-p-j-p-]-v-X-n-b-n-e-m--p-s-h-m ? i-_-v-Z--f-p-s-S t-L-m-j-b-m-{-X-b-p-s-S a-p-I-f-n \-n-i-_-v-Z-X-b-p-s-S I-m-t-a-L- h-o-W-v N-n-X-d-n H-S-p--n-t-b-m ? s-]-m-X-p-t-h D-b--p t-I--p- t-N-m-Z-y--, t-N-m-Z-y--n I-g--p-t--m ? C--t-b-m ? F--X-v k-w-h-m-Z h-n-

    j-b-w B-W-v. F--n-c-p--m-e-p-w H-c-]-w I-q-S-n A-S-p--v \-n--p-t--m t-I--m-w `-q-X-I-m-e--n-s- C-c--e-p-w \-S--p-I-m-e--n-s- A-t-[-m-i-z-m-k-h-p-w. H-c-p-h-s- b-u-h-\-w a-s--m-c-m-f-p-s-S P-o-h-n-X-s- X-o-]-n-S-n--n--n-s---n a-s---m-W-v ? H--p-I-n h-m--v s-I-m--v-, A-s---n h-c-s-I-m--v-, I-m-g-v-N-s-I-m--v-, H-c-p t-\-m--w s-I-m--v-, H--p-a-n-s---n B-c-m-S-m F- t-N-m-Z-y--n-\-p R-m-\-m-S-m F- D--c-w s-I-m--v b-u-h-\-w X-o--W-a-m-b-n-c-p--p.

    A-]-k-a-b--n-\-p--n \-n--f-p-s-S h-m-b X-p--n t-N--s--S-p--X-m-W-v.

    Ih-kv-tmdn

    ""X-c-n-I \-o]-o-X k-m-b--\--n-s- \-K-c-t-a..\-n-s- s-s-h-Z-y-p-X-m-e-n-w-K-\-ws-I-m-S-n-I-s-f-m--p-a-n--m-s-Xt-I-m-i--f-n X-p-c-n-i-p-w C-u--s-]-m-S-n-b-p-w \-n-d--v h-c-n--b-m-s-W-s--p-`-n-X b-u-h-\--n-s- t-e-m-l-\-u-I-I..''

    2425hmjnIw 2015

    Kh {_ tImtfPv Xetcn

  • s-S I-m--i-y---n-S-b-n-e-p-w P-o-h-n-X-s- H-c-p X-q-h-e-n-s- e-m-L-h-t--m-s-S t-\-c-n--h-c-p-s-S I-m-e-w. k-z--w N-n--b-n \-n--v s-X-c-p-h-n-t-e--v A--n ]-I--h-c-p-s-S I-m-e-w. '70 I-f-p-t-S-t-b-m 80' I-f-p-s-S-t-b-m A-K-v-X-n ]--X-w '90 I-f-n C-S--n-s-S N-n-X-d a-m-{-X-a-m-b-n. A-X-n--v G-X-m--v k-p-j-p-]-v-X-n-b-n-e-m--p. N-n-e-b-n-S--f-n-s-e A-e--I H-g-n--v \-n--n-b-m K-X-I-m-e k-v-a-c-W-I-f-p-s-S `-m-W-v-U-w C-d--n h--v \-h-b-u-h-\-w h-\-h-m-k--n-

    2627hmjnIw 2015

    Kh {_ tImtfPv Xetcn

    X-e-b-n I--p- k-q-c-y-s-\ B-h-m-l-n--v-, s-s-I R-c--p-I-f-n 110 KV s-s-h-Z-y-p-X s-s-e-\-p-I h-n-f--n t-N--v-, D-d--p-t--m t-]-m-e-p-w k-z-]-v-\--t-f-m-S-v H-c-m-b-n-c-w t-N-m-Z-y- t-N-m-Z-n- -p-`-n-X b-u-h-\- a--n-e-m--p-t-h-m ?

    X-c-n-I \-o]-o-X k-m-b--\--n-s- \-K-c-t-a\-n-s- s-s-h-Z-y-p-X-m-e-n-w-K-\-ws-I-m-S-n-I-s-f-m--p-a-n--m-s-Xt-I-m-i--f-n X-p-c-n-i-p-w C-u--s-]-m-S-n-b-p-w\-n-d--v h-c-n-I-b-m-s-W-s--p-`-n-X b-u-h-\--n-s- t-e-m-l-\-u-I-I

    I-e-m-e-b---v X-o ]-n-S-n- H-c-p `-q-X-I-m-e-a-p--m-b-n-c-p--p. (X-e-a-p-d-m--c-s- I-f-n-b-m--n-, C--s- a-p-X-n--h N-p--m ]-d-b-p- ]-d--n-e--, C-X-n b-m-Y-m--y-w D--v-) \-n-b-a--f-p-

    \-v t-]-m-h-p-I-b-m-b-n-c-p--p.B-c-m-W-n-X-n-\-v I-p---m ? X-e-a-p-d-t-b-m ? k-a-q-l-t-a-m ? '90 I-f-p-s-S c-m-j-v-{-S-n-b--k-m-a-q-l-n-I a-m---n-s- Z-q-c-h-y-m-]-I {-]-m-X-y-m-L-m-X-w \-n--w-K-X-b-m-b-n-c-p--p. H-c-p ]-I--h-y-m-[-n t-]-m-s-e A-X-p \--f-n ]-S--p I-b-d-n. \-n-b-a--n-s- N-n-e--n-h-e-b-n k-m-a-q-l-y k-w-h-n-[-m-\-w X-n-f- b-u-h-\--s-f D-u-X-n-s-I-S-p--n. \-n-b-a--f-p-s-S h-r---n-\-p--n b-p-h-X-b-v--v I-m-e-w h-n-Z-K-v-[-a-m-b-n a-q--v I-b-d-n--p. B h-r---n-\-p ]-p-d--v I-S--h-c-m-c-p-w ]-n--o-S-v s-h-f-n--w I--n--p-a-n-. ]-p-d-w-t-e-m-I-w \-n--w-K-X-b-p-s-S [-y-m-\-]-Y--n F--n-b-t--m I-y-m-]-k-p-w G-X-m--v \-n-i-_-v-Z-a-m-b-n X-p-S--n. h-m--p s-I-m--v X-o-b-p--m--n-b I-e-m-e-b- \-n-b-a--f-p--m--n-b s-s-i-X-y-a-I--m h-n-d-I-v X-S-n-I t-X-S-n \-S--p. s-{-I-U-n--v B-U-v s-k-a- k-n--w F--v H-m-a-\ t-]-c-n- X-n-f--p- a-q--v-I-b-d-n X--n D-Z-n--v s-]-m--p- \--{-X---p-I-s-f--m-w -W-n-

    90 I-f-p-s-S c-m-j-v-{-S-n-b--k-m-a-q-l-n-I a-m---n-s- Z-q-c-h-y-m-]-I {-]-m-X-y-m-L-m-X-w \-n--w-K-X-b-m-b-n-c-p--p. H-c-p ]-I--h-y-m-[-n t-]-m-s-e A-X-p \--f-n ]-S--p I-b-d-n. \-n-b-a--n-s- N-n-e--n-h-e-b-n k-m-a-q-l-y k-w-h-n-[-m-\-w X-n-f- b-u-h-\--s-f D-u-X-n-s-I-S-p--n. \-n-b-a--f-p-s-S h-r---n-\-p--n b-p-h-X-b-v--v I-m-e-w h-n-Z-K-v-[-a-m-b-n a-q--v I-b-d-n--p. B h-r---n-\-p ]-p-d--v I-S--h-c-m-c-p-w ]-n--o-S-v s-h-f-n--w I--n--p-a-n-. ]-p-d-w-t-e-m-I-w \-n--w-K-X-b-p-s-S [-y-m-\-]-Y--n F--n-b-t--m I-y-m-]-k-p-w G-X-m--v \-n-i-_-v-Z-a-m-b-n X-p-S--n. h-m--p s-I-m--v X-o-b-p--m--n-b I-e-m-e-b- \-n-b-a--f-p--m--n-b s-s-i-X-y-a-I--m h-n-d-I-v X-S-n-I t-X-S-n \-S--p.

  • I-w A-W--p t-]-m-b-n. I-e-b-p-w I-e-m-]-h-p-w s-I-m--p \-S- b-p-h-X ]-X-n-s-b a-u-\--n-s- _-e-n-]-oT--n h-n-{-i-a-n--m X-p-S--n. X-e-a-p-d-s-b \-n-i-_-v-Z-a-m--p-I F--X-v h-y-h--b-p-s-S B-h-i-y-a-m-W-v. \-m-s-f t-N-m-Z-y- H--p-w X-s- D--m-h-c-p-s-X- \-h a-p-X-e-m-f-n---n-s- F--m-e-s--b-p-w h-e-n-b B-{-K-l--n-s- D-]--a-m-W-t--m C-u a-u-\-w. C-t--m-g-p-w C-S--n-s-S h-n-f-n--p ]-d-b-p- t-]-\-I-f-p-w

    N-m-b--f-p-w D--`-m-j-n-W-n-I-f-p-w D--v-, ]-e-b-n-S--f-n-e-p-w. A-X-v-I-q-S-n A-h-k-m-\-n--m `-q-a-n A-\-m-Z-n-s-b H-m--s--S-p--p-w h-n-[-w \-n-i-_-v-Z-a-m-b-n-c-n--p-w. B--m-]-n--p- H-c-p \-m-h-p-w A-\-p-k-c-n--p- ]-X-n-\-m-b-n-c--W--n-\-p s-s-I--p-I-f-p-w \-h-t-e-m-I-s- I-m--n-c-n--p- A-S-n-a--a-m-W-v. I-e-m-e-b--f-n N-q--p-h-n-c \-j-v-S-s-- G-I-e-h-y--m Z-n-\-w-{-]-X-n h--n--p-t--m-, C-t--m-g-p-w i-_-v-Z-a-p--m--p--h-t-c-,

    I-c-p-X-n-b-n-c-n--p-I-, k-q-N-n-b-p-w \-q-e-p-a-m-b-n A-h \-n--f-p-s-S ]-n--m-s-e D--v. G-X-v \-n-a-n-j-h-p-w \-n--f-p-s-S N-p--p-I I-q- \-q-e-p-I s-I-m--v X-p--n-t-N--s--t---m-w.

  • k-q-t-c-y-m-Z-b--n-\-p a-p--p-X-s-R-m D-W-t--m-f-m-w\-o--n-h- N-m-b-t-I-m--b-n .C--n-c-n \-o ._-m--n-h-b-v-I-W-w .i-q-\-y-X-I-s-f \-n-d-b-v--m .R-m ]T-n--p-I-g-n--p .\-o a-g-b-m-h-p-t--m .R-m s-h-b-n-e-m-h-m-w .\-a-p-s--m--n--v .a-g-h-n--p-I--v.P--w \-I-m-w.D--s-h-b-n.X-n-f--p-a-d-n-b-p-t--m.\-o G-s-X--n-e-p-w.h-W--p-S-b-n.H-X-p--p-a-m-b-n-c-n--p-w.R-m-\-t--m-, .I-\ N-q-f-I .X-n-c-b-p-I-b-m-h-m-w .]-I X-W-p--p-t--m.D--d-t--m-\-m-b-n-s-e.s-h-b-n-e-f-h-p-I-f-n .\-n--n \-n--p-w.F--n-t-e--p- .Z-q-c-w .R-m I-p-d-n-t--m-f-m-w.c-m-{-X-n-, .R-m-s-\-m-c-p \--{-X-a-m-h-m-w .H-c-p ]-t--, .\--{-X--f-p-w I-c-b-m-d-p-s---v .C--s-e-h-s-c \-o-b-d-n--X-v .F--n-e-q-s-S-b-m-h-W-w.H-m--b-n-t--, .\-\- \-n-e-m-h-n h-n-d--v .C-a-I a-p-d-p--n-b-S--v.

    I--o-c-m-b-v s-]-b-v-X-v .c-m-{-X-n-a-g-b-m-b-v .\-n-s- X-W-p--n--X-v .]-m-b ]-n-S-n- .F-s- I-X-S---v .a-t-\-m-l-c-a-m-b-n.a--l-k-n--m-\-p a-d-n-b-m-w .B ]-p--n-c-n-b-p-s-S .s-N-d-p-N-q-S-n.\-o a-b--p-t--m .R-m-s-\-s- k-z-]-v-\---v .N-n-d-I-p-h-n-c-n--p-I-b-m-b-n-c-n--p-w .H-c-n--e-p-w .R-m \-n-s- D-W--n- .\\-o D-W-c-p-w h-s-c-b-v-I-p-w.\-n-s- \-n-{-Z-b-p-s-S A-S-c-p-I-f-n.t-\- X-m-c-m--m-b-v .R-m-s-\-s- h---n-d-I-p-I .N-e-n--n--p-s-I-m-t--b-n-c-n--m-w.\-o-e-m-I-m-i- .F-t--X-m-b-v X-o-c-p-w h-s-c.

    2829hmjnIw 2015

    Kh {_ tImtfPv Xetcn

    tdm-kv-\ .BBA Malayalam

  • c-m-j-v-{-S-n-b--n-e-p-w h-y--n P-o-h-n-X--n-e-p-w I-i-\ \-n-j-v-I-j-X h--v ]-p-e--n-b h-y--n. K-n-c-n-i-r-w-K--t-f-m-f-w ]-g--a-p- k-X-y-h-p-w A-l-n-w-k-b-p-a--m-s-X a-s--m--p-w F-\-n--v \-n---v X-c-m-\-n- F--v {-]-J-y-m-]-n--v F-s- P-o-h-n-X-w-, A-X-v X-s--s-b-s- k-t--i-w F--v t-e-m-I-t--m-S-v h-n-f-n--v ]-d- t-]-m-c-m-f-n. 1947 B-K--v 1415 A--c-m-{-X-n-, H-c-p c-m-P-y-w G-s-d \-m-f-s- {-_-n--o-j-v `-c-W--n I-o-g-n \-n--v h-n-t-a-m-N-n-X-c-m-h-p-t--m R-m B-{-K-l-n- k-z-m-X-{--y-w, C-u t-N-m-c N-n--n-b k-z-m-X-{--y-a- F--v {-]-J-y-m-]-n--v _-w-K-m-f-n-s-e \-h-v-J-m-e-n F- {-K-m-a--n a-X-k-w-L--\--s-f X-p-S--v t-N-m-c X-f-w s-I--n-b s-X-c-p-h-n i-m--n a-{--w D-c-p-h-n--v k-a-m-[-m-\--n-\-m-b-n t-]-m-c-m-S-n-b ]-p-W-y-m--m-h-v.

    kndn ^m-_n-bmBA Political Science

  • k-z-m-X-{--y-k-a-c--n-s- G-g-v s-s-a ]-c-n-k-c--v t-]-m-e-p-w h-c-m-s-X B-j-`-m-c-X k-w-k-v--m-c-w ]-p-e--p--h b-Y-m---n \--p-s-S k-z-m-X-{--y-s- ]-c-n-l-k-n--m-\-m-W-v {-i-a-n--p--X-v. h-n-\-m-b-I-v t-K-m-U-v-s-k-s-b s-I--n D-b--p--X-n-e-q-s-S -a-l-m--m K-m--n- s-I-m--s--t-S- B-f-m-b-n-c-p--p F- \-h-N-c-n-{-X \-n--n-X-n--p- ]-S-t--m--v H-c-p--m-\-p- X--m-s-d-S-p--n I-q-S-n-b-m-W-h.

    K-m--n B-c-v ? t-K-m-U-v-s-k B-c-v ? F- t-N-m-Z-y-w D-b--n--v \-m-f-p-I I-p-d--m-b-n-c-n--p--p. c-m-j-v-{-S ]-n-X-m-h-v a-l-m--m-K-m--n X-s--b-m-t-W-m ? F- H-c-p A-k-w-_- k-w-i-b-w s-]-m-X-p-k-a-q-l--n N- s-N--s--S-p-I-b-m-W-v. k--p-N-n-X \-n-e-]-m-S-p-I-f-p-s-S c-m-j-v-{-S-n-b Z-m-l--n-\-v a-p--n N-c-n-{-X-h-p-w ]-m-c--c-y-h-p-w A-S-n-b-d-h-v s-h--p-I F--X-v B--l-X-y-m-]-c-a-m-W-v. a-l-m--m-K-m--n-F- a-\-p-j-y-s- X-y-m-K \-n-`-c-a-m-b t-]-m-c-m--w X-s--b-m-W-v C--y k-z-m-X-{--y-k-a-c-w F--v t-I--p-t--m B-Z-y-w a-\-k-n H-m-S-n-s-b--p-I. N-c-n-{-X-I-m-c--m 1920 a-p-X k-z-m-X-{--y-w t-\-S-p--X-v h-s-c-b-p- I-m-e-L--s- K-m--n-b-p-K-w (Gandhian Era-)F--v h-n-f-n--X-n-\-v ]-n-d-I-n-s-e b-p--n C-X-m-W-v. B a-l-m--m-h-n-s- h-c-t-h-m-s-S a-m-d-n a-d--X-v C--y k-z-m-X-{--y k-a-c--n-s- P-m-X-I-t-c-J-b-m-W-v. c-m-j-v-{-S-n-b--n-e-p-w h-y--n P-o-h-n-X--n-e-p-w I-i-\ \-n-j-v-I-j-X h--v ]-p-e--n-b h-y--n. K-n-c-n-i-r-w-K--t-f-m-f-w ]-g--a-p- k-X-y-h-p-w A-l-n-w-k-b-p-a--m-s-X a-s--m--p-w F-\-n--v \-n---v X-c-m-\-n- F--v {-]-J-y-m-]-n--v F-s- P-o-h-n-X-w-, A-X-v X-s--s-b-s- k-t--i-w F--v t-e-m-I-t--m-S-v h-n-f-n--v ]-d- t-]-m-c-m-f-n. 1947 B-K--v 1415 A--c-m-{-X-n-, H-c-p c-m-P-y-w G-s-d \-m-f-s- {-_-n--o-j-v `-c-W--n I-o-g-n \-n--v h-n-t-a-m-N-n-X-c-m-h-p-t--m R-m B-{-K-l-n- k-z-m-X-{--y-w C-u t-N-m-c N-n--n-b k-z-m-X-{--y-a- F--v {-]-J-y-m-]-n--v _-w-K-m-f-n-s-e \-h-v-J-m-e-n F- {-K-m-a--n a-X-k-w-L--\--s-f X-p-S--v t-N-m-c X-f-w s-I--n-b s-X-c-p-h-n i-m--n a-{--w D-c-p-h-n--v k-a-m-[-m-\--n-\-m-b-n t-]-m-c-m-S-n-b ]-p-W-y-m--m-h-v. 1948 U-l-n-b-n-s-e _-n-e-m a--n-c--n-s-e {-]-m--\-m t-b-m-K--n-\-n-s-S a-X-{-`-m- \-m-Y-p-d-m-w h-n-\-m-b-I-v t-K-m-U-v-s-k-b-p-s-S s-h-S-n-t-b--v h-o-c c--k-m--n-X-z--n-e-q-s-S C--y-b-p-s-S P-z-e-n--p- t-h-Z-\-b-m-b-n a-m-d-n-b a-l-m--m-K-m--n. k-w-L-]-c-n-h-m k-w-L-S-\-I-f-p-s-S A-P--

    b-p-s-S `-m-K-a-m-b-n X-s--b-m-W-v a-l-m--m-K-m--n s-I-m-e-s-N--s---X-v. A-t--l-w s-N-b-v-X I-p--w C--y-b-n ]-c-k-v-]-c-w t-]-m-c-S-n--m t-]-m-b l-n--p--a-p--o--s-f k-t-l-m-Z-c-c-m--n a-m--m {-i-a-n--p F--X-m-W-v. K-m--n h-[-t--k-n-s- K-q-V-m-t-e-m-N-\ \-S--p--X-v t-_-m-w-s-_-b-n \-n--m-W-v. K-m--n F--p-s-I-m--v h-[-n--s--S-W-w ? F- e-L-p-t-c-J \-m-c-m-b-W B-w-s-X-b-p-w h-n-\-m-b-I-v t-K-m-U-v-s-k-b-p-w k-w-L-h-p-w B-Z-y-t-a X--m-d-m--n-

    b-n-c-p--p. C--y F- c-m-P-y--n-s- ]-n-d-h-n--v X-s- a-m-K Z-o-]-w I-m--n-b a-l-m--m-h-n-s- s-\--n-t-e--v s-h-S-n-b-p- I-b--p-t--m C--y-b-p-s-S a-t-X-X-c l-r-Z-b-w \-p-d-p--n t-]-m-h-p-I-b-m-b-n-c-p--p. P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y--n-s- {-i-o-t-I-m-h-n-e-n-t-e--v I-m-s-e-S-p--p s-h--p-t--m a-l-m--P-n-s-b H--v h-W--n C--y-b-p-s-S c-m-P-m-h-v. c--m-w Z-n-h-k-w K-m--n s-I-m-e-t--k-n-s- t-c-J-I A-S-n--v a-m--n F--v a-m-{-X-a--, -h-o-c- k-h--c-p-s-S O-m-b N-n-{-X-w ]-m-e-s-a-n -m-]-n--p-I-b-p-w s-N-b-v-X-p. (K-m--n s-I-m-e-b-p-s-S k-q-{-X-[-m-c B-b-n h-n-e-b-n-c-p--s-- k-h--s-d ]-n--o-S-v t-I-m-S-X-n s-h-d-p-s-X

    h-n--n-c-p--p. ]-e N-c-n-{-X-I-m-c--m-c-p-w A-`-n-{-]-m-b-s--S-p--X-v K-m--n s-I-m-e-t--k-n-s-\ ]--n k-h---v A-d-n-h-p--m-b-n-c-p--p F--m-W-v.-) \-h s-s-l--h ^-m-k-n--p-I C-t--m {-i-a-n--p--X-v C--y-b-n-s-e H-m-t-c-m P-n--b-n-e-p-w h-n-\-m-b-I-v t-K-m-U-v-s-k-b-p-s-S {-]-X-n-a -m-]-n--p-I F--X-m-W-v. H--w _-e-n-Z-m-\-n-I-f-p-s-S ]--n-I-b-n-t-e--v t-K-m-U-v-s-k-s-b ]-c-n-K-W-n--p.

    h-n-t-i-j-W-w K-m--n-s-b s-I-m--p.

    k-z-m-X-{--y-k-a-c--n-s- G-g-v s-s-a ]-c-n-k-c--v t-]-m-e-p-w h-c-m-s-X B-j-`-m-c-X k-w-k-v--m-c-w ]-p-e--p--h b-Y-m---n \--p-s-S k-z-m-X-{--y-s- ]-c-n-l-k-n--m-\-m-W-v {-i-a-n--p--X-v. h-n-\-m-b-I-v t-K-m-U-v-s-k-s-b s-I--n D-b--p--X-n-e-q-s-S -a-l-m--m K-m--n- s-I-m--s--t-S- B-f-m-b-n-c-p--p F- \-h-N-c-n-{-X \-n--n-X-n--p- ]-S-t--m--v H-c-p--m-\-p- X--m-s-d-S-p--n I-q-S-n-b-m-W-h. \-m-s-f h-c-p-w X-e-a-p-d-t-b-m-S-v c-m-j-v-{-S ]-n-X-m-h-v t-K-m-U-v-s-k B-s-W--v ]-d-b-m-\-p- K-X-n-t-I-S-v C--m-X-n-c-n--s- F--v {-]-X-y-m-i-n--m-w.

    3031hmjnIw 2015

    Kh {_ tImtfPv Xetcn

  • ARv-P-\. FkvBSc Physics

    " h-c-q C-u s-X-c-p-h-n-s-e c--w I-m-W-q-, C-u s-X-c-p-h-m-s-I N-p-S-p-c--w" ]-m-t--m s-\-c-q-Zs-\-c-q-Z-b-p-s-S h-m--p-I Z-r-i-y--f-m-b-n ]-c-n-W-a-n--p- H-c-p I-m-e---n-e-m-W-v \-m-w C--v P-o-h-n--p--X-v. \--p-s-S s-X-c-p-h-p-I N-p-h--n-c-n--p--p. A--c--f-p-s-S-b-p-w-, h-c-I-f-p-s-S-b-p-w-, N-n-{-X--f-p-s-S-b-p-w-, c--w s-I-m--v A--c---v t-\-s-c s-h-S-n-b-p-X-n--p-I-b-p-w-, F--n-\-v H-c-p h-n-[--n-e-p-a-p- B-h-n-j-v-I-m-c-s--b-p-w A-\-p-h-Z-n--m-

    X-n-c-n--m a-m-{-X-w {-I-q-c-h-p-w-, k--p-N-n-X-h-p-a-m-b-n--o-c-p-I-b-m-W-v a-X--n-a-n-c-w _-m-[-n- C-u t-e-m-I-. h-n-i-z-m-k-s- k-w-c--n--m\-p- s-I-m-e-]-m-X-I--f-m-W-v C-h-n-s-c \-S--p--X-v. G--h-p-s-a-m-S-p-h-n I--U k-m-l-n-X-y-I-m-c-\-m-b 'I-_-p-K-n' h-s-c. \-m-S-n-s-\ \--b-n-t-e--p-w-, \-t-h-m--m-\--n-t-e--p-w-, \-b-n--m N-p-a-X-e-s-- F-g-p--p-I-m-c--m-c-S--n-b I-e-m-k-a-q-l-w s-h-t---v ]-n-S--p h-o-g-p-t--m \- \-m-f-s-b--p-

    s-X-c-p-h-n t-h--b-m-S-s--S-p- A--c-

    3233hmjnIw 2015

    Kh {_ tImtfPv Xetcn

    X-I-cp-I-bm-Wv X-p-cm-s\ \n-s `-c-W-Iq-Sw X-d-s-s Po-hn-XwFw Fw I-_p-Kn,tKm-hn-v ]-km-sc,\-tc-{ [-t_m- C-\n F-{X-t]-sc th-Ww?Rm sd-Un--Ip-co-p-g {io-Ip-am

  • d-n--p- k-z-]-v-\- s-h-d-p-w k-z-]-v-\--f-m-b-n A-h-t-i-j-n--v t-]-m-h-p--p. F-g-p--p-I-m-c-p-s-S a-u-e-o-I-m-h-I-m-i- t-]-m-e-p-w \-n-t-j-[-n--p-s-I-m--v \-S--p- C--c-w A-{-I-a---v G-X-v a-X-k-w-l-n-X-b-m-W-v B-[-m-c-w ? H-c-p I-q--c-p-s-S h-n-i-z-m-k-s- t-]-m-j-n--n--m t-h-s-d-m-c-p I-q--c-p-s-S P-o-h-s-\-S-p--W-s-a--X-v G-X-v h-n-i-p- I--\-b-p-s-S `-m-K-a-m-W-v ? Ac shtv hogptms-s-Z-h-h-n-i-z-m-k-n-I-f-m-b s-I-m-e-]-m-X-I-n-I-f-m s-h-t---v h-o-g-p-t--m k-z-X-{--N-n--I-\-p-w-, t--m-s-K-g-p--p-I-m-c-\-p-a-m-b _-w--m-t-Z-i-v k-m-l-n-X-y-I-m-c A-\- _-n-t-P-m-b-v Z-m-k-n-s- \-m-h-n \-n--p-X-n--p h-o-W A-h-k-m-\ h-m--p-I 's-N-I-p--m-s- t-e-m-I-w' F--m-b-n-c-p--p. Z-m-k-v ]-d--X-p t-]-m-s-e C--o t-e-m-I-w s-N-I-p--m-s--X-m-W-v. a-X-m--X _-m-[-n- s-N-I-p--m--m-c-p-t-S-X-v. a-X-X-o-{-h-h-m-Z--n-s-\-X-n-s-c F-g-p-X-p-I-b-p-w k-w-k-m-c-n--p-I-b-p-w s-N-b-v-X \-n-c-h-[-n t-] I-g-n- ]--v h-j--n-\-p--n s-I-m--s---n--p--v. a-t-X-X-c-h-m-Z-n-b-m-b a-s--m-c-p _-w--m-t-Z-i-v k-m-l-n-X-y-I-m-c A-h-n-P-n-X-v t-K-m-b-n-b-p-w C-u h-n-[-w \-n-j-v-I-c-p-W-a-m-b-n s-I-m-e-s-N--s---p. C-t--l--n-s- t--m-K-p-w-, ]-p-k-v-X-I--f-p-w a-X-a-u-e-n-I-h-m-Z-n-I-s-f {-]-t-I-m-]-n-X-c-m--n-b-n-c-p--p. 'a-p-t--m-t-a-m-\' (k-z-X-{--a-\--v-) F--m-W-v C-t--l--n-s- t--m-K-n-s- t-]-c-v. h-n-i-z-m-k--n-s- s-s-h-d-k-v A-]-I-S-I-c-a-m-w h-n-[-w b-m-Y-m-Y-y-a-m-W-v F- h-c-n-I-t-f-m-s-S-b-m-W-v A-h-n-P-n-X-v t-d-m-b-v X-s- A-h-k-m-\ t-e-J-\-w ]-q--n-b-m--n-b-X-v.h-n-i-z-m-k-s- k-w-c--n--m-\-p- C--c-w s-I-m-e-]-m-X-I- _-w--m-t-Z-i-n C-X-m-Z-y-a- \-S--p--X-v. 2013 d-P-o-_-v s-s-l-Z-d-n-s- s-I-m-e-]-m-X-I-n-I-s-f A-d--v s-N--W-s-a--m-h-i-y-s-- t-d-m-b-n A-S--a-p-f-f k-m-l-n-X-y-I-m-c--m _-w--m-t-Z-i-n 'j-m-_-m-K-v a-q-h-v-s-a-v' F- t-]-c-n H-c-p {-]-X-n-t-j-[

    {-]-I-S-\-w \-S--p-I-b-p--m-b-n. C-s-X X-p-S--v I-p--h-m-f-n-I i-n--n--s----n-e-p-w-, a-X-m--X-b-p-s-S t-h-c-p-I `-c-W-I-q-S--f-n-e-p-w B-g-v--n-d--n-b-X-m-b-n \-m-w X-n-c-n--d-n--p I-g-n--n-c-p--p. a-t-X-X-c c-m-P-y-s-a--v \-m-w D-u--w s-I-m--p--, \--p-s-S c-m-P-y--n-s-e -n-X-n-b-p-w a-d-n--. ]-q-s-W-b-n-s-e \-t-c-{- [-t-_-m--d-p-w-, a-l-m-c-m-j-v-{-S-b-n-s-e t-K-m-h-n--v ]-k-m-s-c-b-p-w-, G--h-p-s-a-m-S-p-h-n I--U k-m-l-n-X-y-I-m-c-\-m-b

    I-_-p-K-n-b-p-w a-X-s-s-h-d--n-s- C-c-I-f-m-W-v. A--h-n-i-z-m-k--s-f t-N-m-Z-y-w s-N-b-v-X-X-m-W-v [-t-_-m- s-N-b-v-X I-p--w. A-\-[-n-I-r-X-a-m-b-n {-]-h--n--p- J-\-n-I-s--X-n-s-c-b-p-w-, `--n-h-y-h-k-m-b--n-s-\-X-n-s-c-b-p-w {-]-h--n--X-m-W-v ]-k-m-c-s-b s-I-m--m I-m-c-W-w. ]-k-m-c-b-p-s-S s-I-m-e-]-m-X-I-w CBI A-t-\-z-j-n--W-s-a--v B-h-i-y-s---v k-a--n--s-- s-]-m-X-p-X-m-X-v-]-c-y l-P-n-b-n h-m-Z-w t-I--m t-_-m-w-s-_ s-s-l-t--m-S-X-n-b-p-s-S c--v U-n-h-n-j s-_--p-I X--m-d-m-b-n-s---X-p-w t-h-Z-\-m-P-\-I-a-m-b H-c-p k-X-y-a-m-W-v. l-n--p a-X-X-o-{-h-h-m-Z-n-I-f-p-s-S `-o-j-W-n a-q-e-w s-]-c-p-a-m a-p-c-p-I-s-\- X-a-n-g-v k-m-l-n-X-y-I-m-c X-s- F-g-p--p-P-o-h-n-X-w A-h-k-m-\-n--n--X-v. C-u-b-n-s-S-b-m-W-v 'a-m-s-X-m-c-p-`-m-K' F- X-s- I-r-X-n t-\-c-n- h-n-a-i-\--f-p-w-, A-{-I-a-W--f-p-a-m-W-v A-t--i-s- C-u X-o-c-p-a-m-\--n-t-e--v \-b-n--X-v. H-c-p-]-m-S-v A--c-Z-p-c---f-n-s-e-m--m-b-n s-]-c-p-a-m a-p-c-p-I-\-p-w a-m-d-n. s-]-c-p-a-m a-p-c-p-I-t--X-v H-s-c-m--s-- k-w-`-h-a-s---X-v N-c-n-{-X-w ]-c-n-t-i-m-[-n--m \-a-p--p a-\--n-e-m--m k-m-[-n--p-w.X-m-s-\-g-p-X-n-b t-\-m-h-e-n-s- t-]-c-n P--\-m-S-v t-]-m-e-p-w D-t-]--n-t---n h- H-c-p k-m-l-n-X-y-I-m-c-n-b-m-W-v X--o-a \-k-v-d-n. 'e-' F--m-b-n-c-p--p A-h-c-p-s-S t-\-m-h-e-n-s- t-]-c-v. X--o-a \-k-v-d-n C--p-w a-c-W--n-s- \-n-g-e-n-e-m-W-v P-o-h-n--p--X-v. a-X X-o-{-h-h-m-Z-n-I-f-p-s-S `-o-j-W-n a-q-e-w {-]-h-m-k-n-P-o-h-n-X-w \-b-n--p- k-a-m d-p-j-v-Z-n-b-p-w A--c-Z-p-c---n-s- C-c-b-m-W-v. 'Z-v k--m-\-n-I-v t-h-g-v-k-k-v' F- A-t--l--n-s- I-r-X-n-b-m-W-v a-X--X-o-{-h-h-m-Z-n-I-s-f s-N-m-S-n--n--X-v. ]-e X-h-W A-t--l--n-\-p t-\-s-c h-[-{-i-a--f-p--m-I-p-I-b-p-w s-N-b-v-X-p. F--n-t-\-s-d ]-d-b-p--p A-t--l-s- h-[-n--m-\-n-b-n '^-X-v-h' B-l-z-m-\-w s-N--m-\-p-w C-u I-q- a-S-n--n-. X-p--n-b-n H-m-l ]-m-a-p-J-v-, C-w--o-j-v F-g-p--p-I-m-c-n s-h-U-n t-U-m-W-n-K-d-p-w t-\-c-n-t-S--n-h--X-v k-a-m-\-a-m-b

    s-s-Z-h-h-n-i-z-m-k-n-I-f-m-b s-I-m-e-]-m-X-I-n-I-f-m s-h-t---v h-o-g-p-t--m k-z-X-{--N-n--I-\-p-w-, t--m-s-K-g-p--p-I-m-c-\-p-a-m-b _-w--m-t-Z-i-v k-m-l-n-X-y-I-m-c A-\- _-n-t-P-m-b-v Z-m-k-n-s- \-m-h-n \-n--p-X-n--p h-o-W A-h-k-m-\ h-m--p-I 's-N-I-p--m-s- t-e-m-I-w' F--m-b-n-c-p--p. Z-m-k-v ]-d--X-p t-]-m-s-e C--o t-e-m-I-w s-N-I-p--m-s--X-m-W-v. a-X-m--X _-m-[-n- s-N-I-p--m--m-c-p-t-S-X-v. a-X-X-o-{-h-h-m-Z--n-s-\-X-n-s-c F-g-p-X-p-I-b-p-w k-w-k-m-c-n--p-I-b-p-w s-N-b-v-X \-n-c-h-[-n t-] I-g-n- ]--v h-j--n-\-p--n s-I-m--s---n--p--v. a-t-X-X-c-h-m-Z-n-b-m-b a-s--m-c-p _-w--m-t-Z-i-v k-m-l-n-X-y-I-m-c A-h-n-P-n-X-v t-K-m-b-n-b-p-w C-u h-n-[-w \-n-j-v-I-c-p-W-a-m-b-n s-I-m-e-s-N--s---p. C-t--l--n-s- t--m-K-p-w-, ]-p-k-v-X-I--f-p-w a-X-a-u-e-n-I-h-m-Z-n-I-s-f {-]-t-I-m-]-n-X-c-m--n-b-n-c-p--p. 'a-p-t--m-t-a-m-\' (k-z-X-{--a-\--v-) F--m-W-v C-t--l--n-s- t--m-K-n-s- t-]-c-v. h-n-i-z-m-k--n-s- s-s-h-d-k-v A-]-I-S-I-c-a-m-w h-n-[-w b-m-Y-m-Y-y-a-m-W-v.

  • X-m-s-\-g-p-X-n-b t-\-m-h-e-n-s- t-]-c-n P--\-m-S-v t-]-m-e-p-w D-t-]--n-t---n h- H-c-p k-m-l-n-X-y-I-m-c-n-b-m-W-v X--o-a \-k-v-d-n. 'e-' F--m-b-n-c-p--p A-h-c-p-s-S t-\-m-h-e-n-s- t-]-c-v. X--o-a \-k-v-d-n C--p-w a-c-W--n-s- \-n-g-e-n-e-m-W-v P-o-h-n--p--X-v. a-X X-o-{-h-h-m-Z-n-I-f-p-s-S `-o-j-W-n a-q-e-w {-]-h-m-k-n-P-o-h-n-X-w \-b-n--p- k-a-m d-p-j-v-Z-n-b-p-w A--c-Z-p-c---n-s- C-c-b-m-W-v. 'Z-v k--m-\-n-I-v t-h-g-v-k-k-v' F- A-t--l--n-s- I-r-X-n-b-m-W-v a-X--X-o-{-h-h-m-Z-n-I-s-f s-N-m-S-n--n--X-v. ]-e X-h-W A-t--l--n-\-p t-\-s-c h-[-{-i-a--f-p--m-I-p-I-b-p-w s-N-b-v-X-p. F--n-t-\-s-d ]-d-b-p--p A-t--l-s- h-[-n--m-\-n-b-n '^-X-v-h' B-l-z-m-\-w s-N--m-\-p-w C-u I-q- a-S-n--n-.

  • a-X-a-u-e-n-I-h-m-Z--n-s- B-{-I-a-W-a-m-b-n-c-p--p. G--h-p-w A-h-k-m-\-w a-X-h-n-a-i-\--n-s--b-p-w-, b-p--n-N-n--b-p-s-S-b-p-w t-]-c-n I--U k-m-l-n-X-y-I-m-c-\-m-b s-{-]-m-^. F-w. F. I-_-p-K-n-b-p-w s-h-S-n-b-p--I--n-c-b-m-b-n. a-X-\-n--b-p-w-, s-s-Z-h-\-n--b-p-w X-s--b-m-W-v C-h-n-S-p-s--b-p-w {-]-i-v-\-w. t-I-c-f--n-s-e {-]-a-p-J ]-p-k-v-X-I {-]-k-m-[-I-c-n H--m-b U-n.k-n._-p-I-v-k-v-, 'A-a-r-X-m-\--a-b-n aT-w--H-c-p k-\-y-m-k-n-b-p-s-S s-h-f-n-s--S-p--e-p-I' F- ]-p-k-v-X-I-w {-]-k-n--o-I-c-n--X-n-s- t-]-c-n a-X a-u-e-n-I-h-m-Z-n-I-f-m t-\-c-n-t-S--n-h- A-{-I-a-W-k-w-`-h--f-p-w \-m-w H-m-t---X-m-W-v. C-u \-n-e-b-v--v a-p-t--m--p t-]-m-b-m H-c-p k-m-l-n-X-y-I-m-c F-s--g-p-X-W-s-a--X-v X-o-c-p-a-m-\-n--p--X-v a-X--X-o-{-h-h-m-Z-i--n-I-f-m-b-n-c-n--p-s-a- I-m-c-y--n b-m-s-X-m-c-p k-w-i-b-h-p-w t-h-. k-K-m--X-b-v--v \-n-b-{--W-t-c-J-I h-c-b-v--s--S-p- H-c-p -n-X-n-h-n-t-i-j-a-m-W-v k-w-P-m-X-a-m-b-n-c-n--p--X-v. P-o-h-n--m-\-p- A-h-I-m-i--n-\-p t-h--n H-c-p I-e-m-I-m-c X-s- k-I-e k-n--n-I-f-p-w a-X-a-u-e-n-I-h-m-Z-n-I-f-p-s-S a-p--n A-S-n-b-d-h-v h-b-v-W-s-a- A-h--s-b F--n-s-\-b-m-W-v \-m-w A-\-p-h-Z-n--p s-I-m-S-p-t---X-v ?

    aXhpw Fgppwk-a-m-[-m-\-h-p-w -, k-l-n-j-v-W-p-X-b-p-w-, k-m-t-l-m-Z-c-y-h-p-w h-m-g-p- H-c-p k-a-q-l-a-m-W-v F--m a-X--f-p-w h-n-`-m-h-\-w s-N--p--X-v. {-]-m-I-r-X a-\-p-j-y-\-n \-n--p-w C--s- k-w-k-v-I-r-X a-\-p-j-y-\-n-t-e--p- Z-q-c-w \-n--b-n--p--X-n h-e-n-b ]--v a-X---p-a-p--v. a-X-k-w-l-n-X-I-f-n F-g-p-X-s-- h-m-N-I- s-X--m-b c-o-X-n-b-n h-y-m-J-y-m-\-n--v-, A-X-n-s-\ I-o-d-n-a-p-d-n--v F--m

    h-i--f-p-w s-X--n-s-\ \-y-m-b-o-I-c-n--p- h-n-[--n a-m--n-, k-a-q-l-s- `-n--n--n--m-\-m-W-v a-X-a-u-e-n-I-h-m-Z-n-I {-i-a-n--p--X-v. F-g-p--p-I-m-c-\-m-b ]-n. a-p-c-p-I-s- 'a-m-s-X-m-c-p-]-m-I' F- t-\-m-h \-n-t-c-m-[-n--W-s-a--m-h-i-y-s---v X-n-c-p-s--t--m-S-v l-n--p-a-p--W-n-b-S--a-p- b-Y-m--n-X-n-I k-w-L-S-\-I A-{-I-a-m-k--c-m-b-n s-X-c-p-h-n-e-n-d--n-b-n-c-p--p. C-X-n G--h-p-w {-]-m-[-m-\-y-a-l-n--p- I-m-c-y-w {-]-t--m-`-I-m-c-n-I-f-n a-n--h-c-p-w 'a-m-s-X-m-c-p-]-m-I' h-m-b-n--n-c-n--m-\-n-S-b-n- F--m-W-v.C-h-n-s-S h-n-j-b-w H-c-p k-m-l-n-X-y-I-r-X-n F-g-p-X-m-\-p- k-z-m-X-{--y-w F--p-s-I-m--v a-X--n-s- N--e-I-f-m _--n--s--S-p--p F--m-W-v ? H-c-p F-g-p--p-I-m-c X-s- A-`-n-{-]-m-b-w X-p-d-s--g-p-X-p-t--m F--n-s-\-b-m-W-v k-m---n-I-a-m-b ]-e h-n-I-m-c---p-w a-p-d-n-t-h--p--X-v ? t-e-m-I-k-m-l-n-X-y--n X-s- A-k-l-n-j-v-W-p-X-b-p-s-S-b-p-w a-X-\-n--b-p-s-S-b-p-w t-]-c-n \-n-c-h-[-n c-N-\-I \-n-t-c-m-[-n--s---n--p--v. F--m ]-n--m-e--v A-h t-e-m-I--m-k-n--p-I-f-m-b-n A-w-K-o-I-c-n--s---p F- I-m-c-y-h-p-w {-i-t--b-a-m-W-v. A--h-n-i-z-m-k--s-f-b-p-w-, A-\-m-N-m-c--s-f-b-p-w X--f-p-s-S c-N-\-I-f-n-e-q-s-S b-p--n-`-{-Z-a-m-b-n t-N-m-Z-y-w s-N-b-v-X-m-e-p-w F-g-p--p-I-m-c-\-v i-n- D-d--m-W-v F- s-]-m-X-p-t-_-m-[-a-m-t-W-m a-X-a-u-e-n-I-h-m-Z-n-I k-r-j-v-S-n-s--S-p--m {-i-a-n--p--X-v ? A-t-X-m

    F-g-p--p-I-m-c-\-m-b ]-n. a-p-c-p-I-s- 'a-m-s-X-m-c-p-]-m-I' F- t-\-m-h \-n-t-c-m-[-n--W-s-a--m-h-i-y-s---v X-n-c-p-s--t--m-S-v l-n--p-a-p--W-n-b-S--a-p- b-Y-m--n-X-n-I k-w-L-S-\-I A-{-I-a-m-k--c-m-b-n s-X-c-p-h-n-e-n-d--n-b-n-c-p--p. C-X-n G--h-p-w {-]-m-[-m-\-y-a-l-n--p- I-m-c-y-w {-]-t--m-`-I-m-c-n-I-f-n a-n--h-c-p-w 'a-m-s-X-m-c-p-]-m-I' h-m-b-n--n-c-n--m-\-n-S-b-n- F--m-W-v.C-h-n-s-S h-n-j-b-w H-c-p k-m-l-n-X-y-I-r-X-n F-g-p-X-m-\-p- k-z-m-X-{--y-w F--p-s-I-m--v a-X--n-s- N--e-I-f-m _--n--s--S-p--p F--m-W-v ? H-c-p F-g-p--p-I-m-c X-s- A-`-n-{-]-m-b-w X-p-d-s--g-p-X-p-t--m F--n-s-\-b-m-W-v k-m---n-I-a-m-b ]-e h-n-I-m-c---p-w a-p-d-n-t-h--p--X-v? t-e-m-I-k-m-l-n-X-y--n X-s- A-k-l-n-j-v-W-p-X-b-p-s-S-b-p-w a-X-\-n--b-p-s-S-b-p-w t-]-c-n \-n-c-h-[-n c-N-\-I \-n-t-c-m-[-n--s---n--p--v. F--m ]-n--m-e--v A-h t-e-m-I--m-k-n--p-I-f-m-b-n A-w-K-o-I-c-n--s---p F- I-m-c-y-h-p-w {-i-t--b-a-m-W-v.

    3435hmjnIw 2015

    Kh {_ tImtfPv Xetcn

  • -, X--f-p-s-S a-\--n-e-p- N-n-e h-n-i-z-m-k--n-s- k-w-c--W--n-\-m-b-n C--c-w a-\-p-j-y a-X-s- I-q--p-]-S-n--p-I-b-m-t-W-m s-N--p--X-v ? k-a-q-l--n-s- _-l-p-k-z-c-X C--m-X-m--p-I h-g-n H-c-p {-]-t-X-y-I a-X--n-s- i-m-k-\-I-t-f-m-, I--\-I-t-f-m {-]-m-h--n-I-a-m--p-I-b-m-t-W-m-, C--c-w \-o-N-i--n-I-f-p-s-S e--y-w F--p-w \-m-w k-w-i-b-n-t---n-b-n-c-n--p-. cmjv{Sobhpw aXhpw Xqp Xpemkn BhnjvImcs Xqptm\-m-w P-o-h-n--p--X-v H-c-p a-t-X-X-c P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y t-e-m-I--n-e-m-W-v. H-c-p I-e-m-I-m-c-s- B-h-n-j-v-I-m-c k-z-m-X-{--s- t-N-m-Z-y-w s-N--p- a-X-a-u-e-n-I-h-m-Z--n \-n--p-w A-b-m-s-f k-w-c--n--p-I F- N-p-a-X-e `-c-W-I-q-S--n-s--X-m-W-v. Z-u-`-m-K-y-h-i-m C-X-v ]-m-e-n--s--S-p--n-. ]-e-t--m-g-p-w A-[-n-I-m-c--n-e-n-c-n--p- c-m-j-v-{-S-n-b I--n-I-f-p-s-S X-m--c-y--f-m-W-v k-w-c--n--s--S-p--X-v. a-X--n-s- c-m-j-v-{-S-o-b-]-c-n-W-m-a-a-m-W-v C-h-n-s-S k-w-`-h-n--p--X-v. a-X-w-, P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y a-q-e-y--s-f t-N-m-Z-y-w s-N--p- ]--m--e-w. h-K-o-b-h-X-v-I-c-n--s-- a-X-w F-g-p--p-I-m-c-p-s-S k-K-m--I-X-s-b t-N-m-Z-y-w s-N--p-I h-g-n P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y--n-s- A-S-n--d C-f--n-s-b-S-p--p-I-b-m-W-v s-N--p--X-v. F-g-p--p-I-m-s--X-n-s-c {-]-t--m-`-w \-b-n--p- ]-e-c-p-w c-m-j-v-{-S-n-b-t-\--a-p--m--p-I F- e--y-w a-m-{-X-w a-\--n-I--v {-]-h--n--p--h-c-m-W-v. A-[-n-I-m-c--n-s- a-d-h-n k-m---n-I e-m-`-h-p-w C--c-w a-X-a-u-e-n-I-h-m-Z-n-I t-\-S-n-s-b-S-p--p--p. "s-X-m--m s-]-m--p- a-X-h-n-I-m-c--f-p-w-, _-m-e-n-i-a-m-b h-m-Z-{-]-X-n-h-m-Z--f-p-w-, D-u-X-n-b-m ]-d--p- h-n-i-z-m-k-k-w-l-n-X-I-f-p-w-, X-p--n-b-m s-X-d-n--p- `--m-`-m-k--f-p-w-, a-n--n-b-m a-p-d-n-t-h--p- s-s-Z-h--f-p-w-, \--p-s-S \-m-S-n-s-\ b-p--`-q-a-n-b-m--p-t--m 'C-s-X--p-]--n' F- B-w-K-y--n a-q---p

    h-n-c s-h-b-v--p--h X- {-]-X-n-I-c-n--m h-f-s-c h-f-s-c s-s-h-I-n-t--m-b-n F--p k-z-b-w I-p--s--S-p-t---n-h-c-p-w." - Dr. k-n- s-P-k-v-a-n.t-e-m-I--m-I-a-m-\-w h-f--p h-c-p- C--c-w A-]-I-S-a-m-b N-n--m-K-X-n-I-s-f \-m-w X-n-c-n--d-n-t-b--X-p--v. H--s---m-b-n s-N-d-p-t---X-p--v. a-X- a-p-t--m--v s-h-b-v--p- k-l-n-j-v-W-p-X-b-p-s-S ]-mT- \-m-w a-\--n-e-m--W-w. b-p--n-]-c-a-m-b-n F--n-s-\-b-p-w t-\-c-n-S-m-\-p- a-\--p-w A-X-y-m-h-i-y-

    a-m-W-v. a-X-a-u-e-n-I-h-m-Z-n-I--v F-g-p--p-I-m-s-c a-m-{-X-s-a a-u-\-n-I-f-m--m I-g-n--n--p--p. ]-t- A-h k-r-j-v-S-n- A--c-c-q-]- \-t--m-S-v k-w-k-m-c-n--p X-p-S--n-b-n-c-n--p--p. A-h-s-c ]-n--p-W-b-v--p- H-c-m-b-n-c-w A--c-c-q-]- ]-n-s--b-p-w k-r-j-v-S-n--s---p-s-I-m--n-c-n--p--p. H-c-p a-X-X-o-{-h-h-m-Z-n--p-w A-d-p--p-a-m--m ]--m- h-n-[-w A-h i--a-m-b-n \-n-e-s-I-m--p-I X-s- s-N--p-w.

  • 3637hmjnIw 2015

    Kh {_ tImtfPv Xetcn

    {_-\v kz-bw-`-c-Wm-h-Im-iw \-Ip--Xn-s\-Xn-sc \-S- B--l-Xy k-acw.

    "s-X-m--m s-]-m--p- a-X-h-n-I-m-c--f-p-w-, _-m-e-n-i-a-m-b h-m-Z-{-]-X-n-h-m-Z--f-p-w-, D-u-X-n-b-m ]-d--p- h-n-i-z-m-k-k-w-l-n-X-I-f-p-w-, X-p--n-b-m s-X-d-n--p- `--m-`-m-k--f-p-w-, a-n--n-b-m a-p-d-n-t-h--p- s-s-Z-h--f-p-w-, \--p-s-S \-m-S-n-s-\ b-p--`-q-a-n-b-m--p-t--m 'C-s-X--p-]--n' F- B-w-K-y--n a-q---p h-n-c s-h-b-v--p--h X- {-]-X-n-I-c-n--m h-f-s-c h-f-s-c s-s-h-I-n-t--m-b-n F--p k-z-b-w I-p--s--S-p-t---n-h-c-p-w."

  • c--p t-] {-]-W-b-n--m t-h--n X--m-s-d-S-p--p--X-v X--f-p-s-S P-m-X-n-, a-X k-m--y-]-{-X- s-s-I-a-m-d-n-, P-m-X-n---a-X {-]-a-m-W--f-p-s-S k--X-]-{-X--t-f-m-s-S A-. A-h {-]-W-b-n--p-h-m t-h--n X--m-d-m-h-p-t--m ]-c--c-m-K-X h-y-h--n-X-n-I-f-p-s-S t-I-m--I-f-m-W-v X-m-t-g-m--v ]-X-n--p--X-v. {-]-W-b-n-I B-Z-n-a a-\-p-j-y-c-m-h-p-I-b-m-W-v. A-X-n-h-c--p-I-f-n--m-s-X-, H--n--v C-c-t-X-S-n ]--n- B h-e-n-b I-m-e--n-t-e--p- H-s-c--n t-\-m--a-m-W-v ]-e {-]-W-b--f-p-w. A--s-\

    h-c-p-t--m-g-m-W-v {-]-W-b-w s-s-P-h-n-I-X-b-n \-n--p-w a-m-d-n c-m-j-v-{-S-n-b k-z-`-m-h--n-t-e--v I-S--p--X-v.

  • \nPo-jv.Fw.hnBA Political Science

    t-e-m-I--n-s-e k- k-w-K-X-n-I-f-p-w {-]-X-y--t-a-m-, ]-t-c-m--t-a-m B-b c-m-j-v-{-S-n-b {-]-h--\-a-m-W-v. N-e-\- t-]-m-e-p-w k-r-j-v-S-n--m-h-p--X-v h-e-n-b a-m---f-m-W-v. a-\-p-j-y-s- _-m-l-y k-m--n-[-y-w t-]-m-s-e X-s--, H-c---n s-s-h-I-m-c-n-I-X-b-p-w h-e-n-b c-m-j-v-{-S-n-b-a-m-W-v. D-]-m-[-n-I-f-p-s-S J-c-c-q-]-a-m-W-v a-\-p-j-y. s-s-h-I-m-c-n-I-X-b-p-s-S D-j-v-W--i-o-X-{-]-h-m-l--f-n-, N-n--b-p-s-S s-h-e-n-t-b---t-h-

    e-n-b-n-d- {-]-h--\--n-\-v \-n-c--c-w h-n-t-[-b-a-m-h-p- J-c-k-m--n-[-y-w. H-m-t-c-m N-n--b-p-w H-m-t-c-m c-m-j-v-{-S-n-b {-]-h--\-a-m-W-v. A--s-\ h-c-p-t--m-g-m-W-v {-]-W-b-h-p-w a-l--m-b c-m-j-v-{-S-n-b {-]-h--\-w B-h-p--X-v. a-\-p-j-y F- k-m-a-q-l-y P-o-h-n A-h-\-p N-p--p-a-p- \-n-b-{--W--f-n B-W-v P-o-h-n--p--X-v. _--\-w-, _--\-w X-s- ]-m-c-n F--v I-h-n ]-m-S-n-b-X-v

    "{-]-W-b-h-p-w t-{-]-X-h-p-w H-c-p t-]-m-s-e-b-m-W-v-, A-\-p-t-b-m-P-y-a-m-b i-c-o-c-s- e-`-n--mA-X-v {-]-t-h-i-n--p-I X-s- s-N--p-w." s-I. B. a-o-c

    4041hmjnIw 2015

    Kh {_ tImtfPv Xetcn

  • t-]-m-s-e P-m-X-n-, a-X-w-, h-w-i-w-, `-m-j-, t-Z-i-w-, a-\-p-j-y-s-\ \-n-b-{--n--p t-]-m-c-p- k-m-a-q-l-y k-w-h-n-[-m-\- s-N-d-p-X--, I-q-S-p-X k--o--h-p-a-m-W-v. F--m I-m-e--p-w \-n-b-{--W-h-n-t-[-b-a-m-b-n-c-n--p-t-a-m a-\-p-j-y a-\--v. H-c-n--e-p-a-n-. c-m-P-m-h-n-s- I-m-S---n-s-\-X-n-s-c _-m-s-s- t-I-m--X-I- {-^--v P-\-X-s-b t-]-m-s-e-, F--m a-\-p-j-y-c-p-w A-h--p a-p--n-s-e {-]-X-n-_---f-p-s-S t-I-m--a-X-n X-I--p-w. t-c-J-I-f-n-s-e-, h-m--p-I-f-n-s-e k-z-m-X-{--w h-n-s--d-n--v-, s-s-h-I-m-c-n-I-X-b-p-s-S A-S-n-a---n \-n--v a-\-p-j-y H-c-p-\-m h-n-t-a-m-N-n-X-\-m-h-p-I X-s- s-N--p-w. a-\-p-j-y-s- C--p-w h-y--a--m- N-n--b-p-s-S s-s-U-s-a-j k-m-[-y-X-b-p-s-S

    A-]-m-c-X-b-m-e-n--v {-]-W-b--n-\-v N-n-d-I-p-a-p-f--p--X-p-w-, \- A-X-n-c-p-I-f-p-s-S B-I-m-i-w t-`-Z-n--v ]-p-X-n-b B-I-m-i-w t-X-S-p--X-p-w.{-]-W-b--n-\-m a-m-{-X-w F-c-n-b-p-P-o-h-s- X-n-c-n-I-f-p--m--m-h-n-\-p--n C-c-p-]--n-s-b-m--m-w \-q--m--v b-{- s-s-h-h-n--y--f-p-s-S k-m-t--X-n-I _-m-l-p-e-y--n-s- a-m-{-X-a- N-n--m t-i-j-n-b-p-s-S ^-e- I-q-S-n I--v X-p-S--n-b I-m-e-L--a-m-W-v. P-m-X-n-t-b-m-, a-X-t-a-m k-r-j-v-S-n--p- A-S-n-a---n-s- ]-p-d--m-W-v H-m-t-c-m a-\-p-j-y-\-p-w C-{-X-b-p-w \-m P-o-h-n--p-h--X-v-, C-\-n-b-p-w P-o-h-n--m t-h--n X--m-s-d-S-p--p--X-v. c--p t-]

    {-]-W-b-n--m t-h--n X--m-s-d-S-p--p--X-v X--f-p-s-S P-m-X-n-, a-X k-m--y-]-{-X- s-s-I-a-m-d-n-, P-m-X-n--a-X {-]-a-m-W--f-p-s-S k--X-]-{-X--t-f-m-s-S A-. A-h {-]-W-b-n--p-h-m t-h--n X--m-d-m-h-p-t--m ]-c--c-m-K-X h-y-h--n-X-n-I-f-p-s-S t-I-m--I-f-m-W-v X-m-t-g-m--v ]-X-n--p--X-v. {-]-W-b-n-I B-Z-n-a a-\-p-j-y-c-m-h-p-I-b-m-W-v. A-X-n-h-c--p-I-f-n--m-s-X-, H--n--v C-c-t-X-S-n ]--n- B h-e-n-b I-m-e--n-t-e--p- H-s-c--n t-\-m--a-m-W-v ]-e {-]-W-b--f-p-w. A--s-\ h-c-p-t--m-g-m-W-v {-]-W-b-w s-s-P-h-n-I-X-b-n \-n--p-w a-m-d-n c-m-j-v-{-S-n-b k-z-`-m-h--n-t-e--v I-S--p--X-v. "c--p t-] N-p-w-_-n--p-t--m t-e-m-I-w a-m-d-p--p" F--v H-I-v-t-S-m-h-n-t-b-m ]-m-k-v ]-d-b-m c--p--v I-m-c-W-w. N-p-w-_-n--p--h-c-p-s-S

    2015 s^-{_ph-cn am-kw A--am-en-bn sh-v \-S- eu s^-kv-tm F- ]-cn-]m-Sn-bp-sS t]m-kv.

  • t-e-m-I-w a-m-{-X-a- N-p-w-_-\-w I-m-W-m C-S-b-m-h-p- _-m-l-y t-e-m-I-w I-q-S-n a-m-d-m/a-m----v h-n-t-[-b-a-m-h-m \-n-_--n-X-a-m-h-p-I-b-m-W-v. N-p-w-_-n--p--h-c-p-s-S-, {-]-W-b-n--p--h-c-p-s-S \-m-c-p-t-h-c-v ]-S-e- D--s-S N-n-I--v t-]-m-I-p--h H-c-p \-n-a-n-j-w A-h-c-p-w a-\-p-j-y-c-m-s-W- N-n- h-c-p-t--m F--m k-m-a-q-l-y D---\-o-N-X-z---p-w H-c-p ]-c-n-[-n-h-s-c ]-c-n-l-m-c-a-m-h-p-I-b-m-W-v. c--v A-\-y a-X- {-]-W-b-n--p h-n-h-m-l-n-X-c-m-b-m " A-h h-n--h-w k-r-j-v-S-n--p" F- k-z-X-t-h b-p-h-m---n-S-b-n H-c-p h-m-b-v-X-m-c-n D--v. h-n--h-w-, B h-m--p-s-I-m---m-s-X a-s---v-s-I-m--m-W-v C-u k-h-n-t-i-j-X-s-b h-n-t-i-j-n--n-t---X-v ? X--s-f h-e-n--v a-p-d-p--n-b N--e-s-I--p-I-f-p-s-S

    k- _--\--f-p-w X-I--p-h-m-\-m-W-t--m A-h X--m-d-m-b-X-v. \-q--m--v a-p--v ]-S-n-b-S--v-h-n- a-X--P-m-X-n {-`-m--v k--i--n-b-p-w k-w-`-c-n--v X-n-c-n--p-h-c-h-n-s-\-m-c-p--p-t--m a-\-p-j-y-s- I-g-p--n I-q-S-p-X N-c-S-p-I h--v a-p-d-p-I-p-I-b-m-W-v. {-]-W-b--n-t-e--p-w A-X-v h--v I-g-n--n-c-n--p--p. c--v t-] ]-c-k-v-]-c-w C-j-v-S-s--S-p-I F--X-v h-y-`-n-N-m-c-w t-]-m-s-e-t-b-m-, s-I-m-e-]-m-X-I-w t-]-m-s-e-t-b-m D- h-e-n-b I-p--a-m-b-n C-t--m-g-p-w k-a-q-l-w I-W--m--p--p. {-]-W-b-n--p--h-c-p-s-S I-m-g-v-N--m-S-p-I-f-p-w k-a-q-l--n-s- I-m-g-v-N--m-S-p-w X--n-s-e \-n-c--c k-w-L-j-w B-W-t--m \-h k-a-q-l-w A-`-n-a-p-J-o-I-c-n--p--X-v.G-X-v a-j-n s-I-m--m-W-v R-m

    \-n-s- A-S-b-m-f-s--S-p-t---X-v ?...... \-n-e-h-n {-]-W-b-w s-s-I-h-c-n--p- C-u c-m-j-v-{-S-o-b k-z-`-m-h-w ]-p-t-c-m-K-a-\ k-a-q-l--n-\-v B-i-m-h-l-a-m-W-v. {-]-W-b-n--t--m-g-m-W-t--m N-n-d-I-p-I--v h-e-n--w D--m-h-p--X-v. k-z-]-v-\---v \-n-d-t-`-Z- D--m-h-p--X-v. A-t--m a-m-{-X-a-m-W-t--m ]-I-e-n-e-p-w \--{-X- I-m-W-m B-h-p--X-v. ]-q--v-s-I-m-g-n-b-p-w a-p--v {-]-W-b--n-s- c-m-j-v-{-S-o-b ]--m-w-K--n G-X-v a-j-n s-I-m--m-W-v R-m \-n-s- A-S-b-m-f-s--S-p-t---X-v ? F-s- h-k--w C-e-a-q-S-n-bs-I-m- a-c--f-n \-n--p-wX-n-c-n--p t-]-m-I-p--p.h-o--p-s-a-m-c-p a-o-\-a-m-k--n-\-m-b-vI-m--n-c-n--p--p.

    c--p t-] N-p-w-_-n--p-t--m t-e-m-I-w a-m-d-p--p" F--v H-I-v-t-S-m-h-n-t-b-m ]-m-k-v ]-d-b-m c--p--v I-m-c-W-w. N-p-w-_-n--p--h-c-p-s-S t-e-m-I-w a-m-{-X-a- N-p-w-_-\-w I-m-W-m C-S-b-m-h-p- _-m-l-y t-e-m-I-w I-q-S-n a-m-d-m/a-m----v h-n-t-[-b-a-m-h-m \-n-_--n-X-a-m-h-p-I-b-m-W-v. N-p-w-_-n--p--h-c-p-s-S-, {-]-W-b-n--p--h-c-p-s-S \-m-c-p-t-h-c-v ]-S-e- D--s-S N-n-I--v t-]-m-I-p--h H-c-p \-n-a-n-j-w A-h-c-p-w a-\-p-j-y-c-m-s-W- N-n- h-c-p-t--m F--m k-m-a-q-l-y D---\-o-N-X-z---p-w H-c-p ]-c-n-[-n-h-s-c ]-c-n-l-m-c-a-m-h-p-I-b-m-W-v. c--v A-\-y a-X- {-]-W-b-n--p h-n-h-m-l-n-X-c-m-b-m " A-h h-n--h-w k-r-j-v-S-n--p" F- k-z-X-t-h b-p-h-m---n-S-b-n H-c-p h-m-b-v-X-m-c-n D--v. h-n--h-w-, B h-m--p-s-I-m---m-s-X a-s---v-s-I-m--m-W-v C-u k-h-n-t-i-j-X-s-b h-n-t-i-j-n--n-t---X-v ?

    4243hmjnIw 2015

    Kh {_ tImtfPv Xetcn

  • tdmkv-\.BBA Malayalam

    A--c- h-n-e-v-I-s--S-p-w

  • s-h-d-p-s-X-s-b-m--v\-S--m-\-n-d--n-b-t--m-g-p--vH-c-p I-h-n-X_--v--m-n-s-ek-n-a-p-X-d-b-nI-n-S--p-d--p--pa-n--m-s-X-,\-S--p \-o--n-b-t--mC-S-X-p-t-X-m-f-n X--na-s--m-c-p I-h-n-XN-n-c-n--pI-m-e-n-b-m-b I-o-iH--p-I-q-s-SD-u-X-n-h-o--n--v_-e-q h-n-e-v-]-\--m-c-s-I-u-i-e-t--m-s-Sh-e-n--p \-S--ph-n-S-m-\-p- `-m-h-a-n--m-s-Xs-I--n-b-n- I-b-d-p-Is-]-m--n-s--d-n--va-p--n-e-p-w a-q-e-b-n-\-n--p-wI-h-n-X-IF-s- X-n-c--p-h--p.N-n-c-n--p- I-h-n-X-II-c-b-p- I-h-n-X-IN-n-e-X-n h-n--h-P-z-m-eN-n-e-X-v I--p-c-p--n-,F--p-w t-X-m-e-p-a-m-b D-SI-m--n t-]-S-n--n--pI-h-n-X-I-f-p-s-SI-q--\-n-e-h-n-f-n-I-f-n-e-p-wX-n--n-e-p-w X-n-c--n-e-p-w s-]--vR-m-\-p-s-a-m-c-p I-h-n-b-m-b-nI-h-n-X-b-m-b-nA-S-p--p-I- I-S-b-n-s-e\-n-h--n-h-

    A--c-a-m-eI-S-w t-N-m-Z-n--ph-n-i--p-s---n-e-p-wI-S--m-cI-h-n-X-z-a-p--h-\-m-b-n-c-p--pA-b-m N-n-c-n--pP-o-h X-p-S-n--p-A--c--s-fD-u--p-h-o-g-m-s-Xs-s-I-s-h--b-n t-N--p-]-n-S-n--vR-mI-h-n-X-I-s-f t-\-m--nI-h-n-t-Xh-k---n-t-e--v\-S-s---p-w h-s-cC-u A--c-k-z-b-w ]-I--n-t--m-f-p-wC-\-n \-n-s- P-o-h-n-X-wF-s- s-s-I-s-h--b-nA--c-H--p-I-q-S-n ]-n-S--p.

    4445hmjnIw 2015

    Kh {_ tImtfPv Xetcn

  • sXcpthmcfn t]mbn

    'Am'

    Fpds hnfnmBscmsbmhpwhnfntIpI ?

    shbn Xnv acnIhnbpsS

    BmhmbncnmwHv

    atXv `cm izmkwapn

    ]Xns\p]SnCdn HmSn

    ]oSnInbnInSpdpssZhhpamhmw.

    A---m...

    BXnc.BMA Malayalam

    4647hmjnIw 2015

    Kh {_ tImtfPv Xetcn

  • H-c-p-]-s- \- \-S- h-g-n-I-s-f-m-s--b-p-wI-S s-I-m--p s-]-m-b-n--p--m-h-p-w\-n-s- I-m-e-v--m-S-p-I-s-fX-n-c-b-p-t--m-s-g-m-s--b-p-wi-q-\-y-X-b-m-b-n-c-p--t--mF-t--m-g-m-W-v ""\--'-'c-q-]-m--c-s---X-v.F-t--m-g-m-W-v R-m-\-p-w \-o-b-p-a-m-b-nt-e-m-I-w h-n-`-P-n--s---X-v.H-m--I-f-n \-n--v""\--f-n-'-'d--n t-]-m-I-p--X-v""F--n-e-n-t--m-'-'t-]-m-b I-m-e-w ]-q--p \-n--p--p.s-]-m-g-n--p t-]-m-I-p--X-n-\-v a-p-t-]-q- s-I-m--a-c-w t-]-m-s-e

    {-]-W-b-]--w (\--]--w-)

    sk_n

  • ko 1s-s-h-I-p-t--c-wZ-q-s-c \-n--v {-S-b-n h-c-p--p (Long Short) ]-t--m-f-n d-b-n-t-h-t--j. ]-t--m-f-n F-s--g-p-X-n-b a- t-_-m-U-v (Medium Short) {-S-b-n-, t-l-m i-_-v-Z-t--m-S-p-I-q-S-n t--j-\-n h--p \-n--p--p. k-v-t--j-\-n B-fp-I-fpsS _-l-f-w. I-m--n-. I-m--n-. I-m--n h-n--p--h-s- i-_-v-Z-w. {-S-b-n-\-n \-n--p-w B-f-p-I C-d--p--p. X-m-S-n-h- H-c-p s-N-d-p---m-c-\-p-w ]-p-d-t-I k-p--c-n-b-m-b H-c-p s-]-I-p--n-b-p-w C-d--p--p.k-w-`-m-j-W-w]-m--X-n : t-]-m-h-p-I-b-m-W-t-{-i-o-l-cn : D-w-, t-]-m-I-p--p.(]-m--X-n c--p s-s-I-s-I-m--p-w {-i-o-l-c-n-b-p-s-S I--n ]-n-S-n--p--p.-)]-m--X-n : F-t--m-S-v H-c-p b-m-{-X t-]-m-e-p-w ]-d-b-m-s-X..{-i-o-l-c-n : \-a-p--n-S-b-n b-m-{-X ]-d--n-e-p-I-f-n-.]-m--X-n : D-w{-i-o-l-c-n : i-c-n ]-m-d-p-, h--n F-S-p--m-d-m-b-n-, I-b-d-n-t--m-, I-m-W-m-w.]-m--X-n k--S-w \-n-d- a-p-J-t--m-S-p-I-q-S-n s-{-S-b-n-\-n-t-e--v I-b-d-p--p. {-i-o-l-c-n X-n-c-n--p t-\-m--m-s-X a-p-t--m--v \-S--p--p. s-{-S-b-n-\-n-s- t-l-m i-_-v-

    Z-w. s-{-S-b-n C-f-I-n-, a-p-t--m--v. {-S-b-n-\-n ]-m--X-n X-e-I-p-\-n--v \-S--p--p {-i-o-l-c-n-s-b ]-n---p--p.]-m--X-n-b-p-s-S a-p-J-w (Close up) ]-m--X-n-b-p-s-S I--v \-n-d-b-p--p. c--v I--p-\-o--p--n-I A-S--p h-o-g-p--p.k-o 2k-a-b-w k--ys-{-S-b-n I-p-X-n--p- Z-y-i-y-w (Long Short)]-S-n--m-d-v k-q-c-y-s- N-p-h--v (Long Short)]--m--e--n t-i-m-I-k-w-K-o-X-w{-S-b-n ]-p-g-b-v--p I-p-d-p-s-I-b-p- ]-m-e--n-\-p a-p-I-f-n-t-e--v I-b-d-p--p (Medium Short)]-p-g H-g-p-I-n a-d-b-p--p. (Long Short)s-s-h-I-p-t--c-w]-m--X-n P-m-e-I--n-\-c-n-I-n-s-e k-o--n h--n-c-n--p--p.]-p-d--v N-m- a-g (Medium Short)

    Cut to Flash back k-a-b-w c-m-h-n-s-e 11 a-W-ns-N-d-n-b a-g-, t-I-m-t-f-P-v I-y-m-w-]-k-v

    H-c-p I-p-S-b-n {-i-o-l-c-n-b-p-w ]-m--X-n-b-p-w \-S--p--p.{-i-o-l-c-n : \-o \-\-b-p--p-t--m]-m--X-n : a-g \-\-b-m-s-\-\-n--n-j-v-S-a-m-W-v.k-o 3P-m-e-I--n-\-c-n-I-n-e-n-c-n--p- ]-m--X-n. F-t--m H-m--p-s-I-m--n-c-n--p--p. ]--m--e--n {-i-o-l-c-n-b-p-s-S i-_-v-Z-w. "H-c-p-a-n--v \-S- I-p-S-b-n \-n--v R-m a-g \-\-b-m h-n-[-n--s--S-p-. h-c-p- H-t--m c-t--m a-g--m-e--f-n B a-g-h-n-g-h-v \-n-s- I-p-S-b-n I-t---m-w.. ]-n-s- B i-q-\-y-X I-m-s--S-p--m-w-. a-g-s-b-S-p--m-w.

    hn-jvWp. ]nBA Economics

    4849hmjnIw 2015

    Kh {_ tImtfPv Xetcn

    ag

  • t-e-m-I-w A-`-n-a-p-J-o-I-c-n--p- {-]-[-m-\ a-\-p-j-y-m-h-I-m-i {-]-i-v-\--f-n H--m-W-v a-y-m-a-m-d-n-s-e t-d-m-l-n--y a-p--o--f-p-s-S -n-X-n. a-\-p-j-y ]-p-g-p--s-f t-]-m-s-e H-S-p--n-b N-c-n-{-X-w a-p--p-w

    D--m-b-n-c-p--p. F--n-c-p--m-e-p-w C-u A-h- X-p-S-c-p--p-s-h--X-v-, a-\-p-j-y-s-\- \-n-e-b-n \--s-f A-]-a-m-\--n-e-m--p--p. a-y-m-a-m _-w-K-m D--S-e-n-s- I-n-g-s- I-c-b-n-s-e H-c-p

    c-m-P-y-a-m-W-v. a-w-K-t-f-m-b-v-U-v h-K--n-s-- h-n-h-n-[ t-K-m-{-X- B-W-v A-h-n-S-s- P-\-k-w-J-y-b-p-s-S `-q-c-n-]--h-p-w. C-X-n F-g-p-]--n-b--v i-X-a-m-\-h-p-w _-p--a-X--n-s-e l-o-\-b-m-\

    A-dn c-ho-{BSc Mathematics

    5051hmjnIw 2015

    Kh {_ tImtfPv Xetcn

    t-d-m-l-n--y-I a-c-W--n-\-n-S-b-n P-o-h-n-X-w t-X-S-p-t--m-.

    a-y-m-a-m-d-n-s-e (]-g-b _--) c-m-J-n-s-\ k-w--m-\--v t-d-m-l-n--y `-m-j k-w-k-m-c-n--p- \-y-q-\-]--a-m-W-v t-d-m-l-n--y a-p--o-. N-n-e N-c-n-{-X-I-m-c--m C-h-c-p-s-S t-h-c-p-I _-w-K-m-f-n-e-m-s-W--v {-]-k-v-X-m-h-n--p--p--v. {-_-n--o-j-v `-c-W-I-m-e--v _-w-K-m-f-n \-n--v a-y-m-a-m-d-n-t-e--v I-p-S-n-t-b-d-n-b-h-c-m-b-n-c-n--m-w C-h F--m-W-v N-c-n-{-X-a-X-w.

  • h-n-`-m-K--m-c-m-b X-o-{-h a-X-h-n-i-z-m-k-n-I-f-m-W-v. a-y-m-a-m-d-n-s-e (]-g-b _--) c-m-J-n-s-\ k-w--m-\--v t-d-m-l-n--y `-m-j k-w-k-m-c-n--p- \-y-q-\-]--a-m-W-v t-d-m-l-n--y a-p--o-. N-n-e N-c-n-{-X-I-m-c--m C-h-c-p-s-S t-h-c-p-I _-w-K-m-f-n-e-m-s-W--v {-]-k-v-X-m-h-n--p--p--v. {-_-n--o-j-v `-c-W-I-m-e--v _-w-K-m-f-n \-n--v a-y-m-a-m-d-n-t-e--v I-p-S-n-t-b-d-n-b-h-c-m-b-n-c-n--m-w C-h F--m-W-v N-c-n-{-X-a-X-w. \-y-q-\-]--a-m-b t-d-m-l-n--y a-p--o--s--X-n-s-c B-k-q-{-X-n-X-a-m-b D--q-e-\-{-i-a- k--m X-e--n X-s- \-S--p s-I-m--n-c-n--p-I-b-m-W-v. C-t--m--B-c-y i-c-o-c {-]-I-r-X-n-b-p- C-h _-w--m-t-Z-i-n \-n--v \-p-g--v I-b-d-n-b-h-c-m-s-W--v ]-d--v a-y-m-a C-h--n-t--m-g-p-w ]-u-c-X-z-w \-n-t-j-[-n--p-I-b-m-W-v. 2012 a-p-X C-h-n-s-S I-e-m-]--f-p-s-S H-c-p ]-c--c X-s- \-S--p. `-q-c-n-]- _-p--a-X-w t-d-m-l-n--y--m-s--X-n-s-c i--a-m-b

    B-{-I-a-W-w B-W-v \-S--p--X-v. 2015 C-h-s--X-n-s-c A-{-I-a-w i--n-s--S-p-I-b-p-w X-m-a-k-n--n-c-p- `-q-`-m-K-w h-n--v A-h t-_-m--p-I-f-n-e-p-w ]-p-d-w I-S-e-n-e-p-w A-`-b-w {-]-m-]-n-t---n-h--p. F--m a-y-m-a `-c-W-I-q-S-w t-h--b-m-S X-p-S--p s-I-m--n-c-p--p. t-d-m-l-n--y--m-c-p-s-S \-u-I-I-s-f B-{-I-a-n--p-I-, A-h-c-p-s-S

    ]-p-\-c-[-n-h-m-k t-I-{---f-n {-]-m-Y-a-n-I k-u-I-c-y-w t-]-m-e-p-w H-c-p--m-X-n-c-n--p-I-, I-y-m-w-]-p-I-f-n-t-e--p- t-U-m-I-v-S-a-m-c-p-s-S-b-p-w a-c-p--n-s--b-p-w h-c-h-p-I X-S-b-p-I X-p-S--n t-e-m-I-w I--X-n Z-b-\-o-b-a-m-b a-\-p-j-y-X-z h-n-c-p- {-]-h--\-w t-d-m-l-n--y--m-s--X-n-s-c \-S--p-I-b-m-W-v. s-F-I-y-c-m-j-v-{-S k-w-L-S-\-b-p-s-S C-S-s-]-S-e-n C-h a-y-m-a ]-u-c--m A- F--m-b-n-c-p--p `-c-W-I-q-S--n-s- h-m-Z-w. t-e-m-I--n-s- G-I-{-i- C-X-p-h-s-c C-u {-]-i-v-\--n D--m-b-n--n-. {-_-n--, a-t-e-j-y-, P--m F--o c-m-P-y--f-m-W-v A-]-s-a--n-e-p-w C-S-s-]--X-v. a--p c-m-P-y--f-p-w a-\-p-j-y-m-h-I-m-i k-w-L-S-\-I-f-p-w X-p-S-c-p- a-u-\-w a-y-m-a-d-n-\-v D-u--a-m-h-p-I-b-m-W-v. A-h-n-S-s- G-I-m-[-n-]-X-y `-c-W-w \-c-l-X-y h-n-t-\-m-Z-w t-]-m-s-e D-]-m-k-n--p-I-b-m-W-v. t-d-m-l-n--y--m-s-c a-\-p-j-y-\-m-b-n I-m-W-m t-e-m-I-w X--m-d-m-h-s- F--v \-a-p--v {-]-X-y-m-i-n--m-w.

    \-y-q-\-]--a-m-b t-d-m-l-n--y a-p--o--s--X-n-s-c B-k-q-{-X-n-X-a-m-b D--q-e-\-{-i-a- k--m X-e--n X-s- \-S--p s-I-m--n-c-n--p-I-b-m-W-v. C-t--m--B-c-y i-c-o-c {-]-I-r-X-n-b-p- C-h _-w--m-t-Z-i-n \-n--v \-p-g--v I-b-d-n-b-h-c-m-s-W--v ]-d--v a-y-m-a C-h--n-t--m-g-p-w ]-u-c-X-z-w \-n-t-j-[-n--p-I-b-m-W-v.

  • A--m-d-- F- {-U-m--p-f-b-p-w k-z-I-m-c-y-w ]-d-b-p- R-m-\-p-w

    C-{-X-a-m-{-X-w I-c-p-X-n-b-n-c-n--c-p-X-va-c-s--m--n. I-p--s-\ H-c-n-d---n-\-vI-m--p-t-]-m-s-e-m-c-p I-b--w.H-c-p ]-q-h-n-f-n-, N-p-g--p--h-m-e-p-wA--w a-p-d-p-I-n--p-S--n. C-{-X-a-m-{-X-w A-\-p-k-c-W-I-m--c-p-X-v.]--n-e-I-t-f-m-S-v-, ]-g-p--a-m--t-b-m-S-v. \-n-s- N-p-S-p-N-p-w-_-\--n-\-m-b-v. I-m--n-c-n--p--h.l-r-Z-b-w ]-n-f--v \-o A-I--v s-N--p-t--m.I-m-W-p--s-X--v?

    A-S-p--f-b-n s-h--n-b-c-n-b-p-]---b-d-p-I--v]-d-b-m H-c-p I-S--Y.\-n-s- I--p-s-I--n-b _-m-e-y-I-m-e-w.H- h-o--n ]-m-e-p-wt-N-m-c-b-p-w h-e-n--vF--m-w \-n-t--X-m--p-w{-U-m--p-f.

    F--m-w \-n-s- A-S-n-a-IA-\-p-k-c-W-b-p-I-p--m-S-p-I.

    N-{--s- k--S--f-p-wa-g-h-n--n-s- I-p-X-n--p-N-m---f-p-wa-c-s--m--n \-n--vt-I-m-t-e-m-f-w Z-q-c--n-s-e--v \-o.

    B--m-h-p-w I-m--n-s- t-h-e-I-f-n \-n--v\-n-s- A-\-p-\-b-n--n--m?G-X-v t-I-m--I--m-h-p-wX-o ]-n-S-n- \-n-s- a-o-i-t-c-m-a-X-S--p h-b-v--m -!B-c-p-w H--p-w a-n--m-{-]-m--\-m-c-w-K--f-nA-]-c-n-N-n-X-\-m-bk-w-h-n-[-m-b-I-s-\-t--m-s-e\-o-b-p-w H-c-p-\-m.

    F.]n. i-in-[cMalayalam Dept.

  • A-izn Ip-amBA Malayalam

    5455hmjnIw 2015

    Kh {_ tImtfPv Xetcn

    A-h-\-p t-h--n A-h-s-f X-p--n s-I--p-I X-s- t-h-Ww-!-!-!-!-!k-v-{-X-o k-z-m-X-{--y--n-\-p-w i-m--o-I-c-W--n-\-p-w h-n-t-a-m-N-\--n-\-p-w t-h--n t-]-m-c-m-- i--a-m-h-p- C-u I-m-e-L---n-e-p-w a-r-K-o-b-a-m-b {-]-m-I-r-X B-N-m-c- X-p-S-c-p--p F- t-h-Z-\-m P-\-I-a-m-b h-m- s-]-m-X-p k-a-q-l--n-s- h-\-y-m-N-m-c- C-u C-c-p-]--n-s-b-m--m-w \-q--m--n-e-p-w B-h--n--s--S-p--p F--X-v t-J-Z-I-c-a-m-b h-k-v-X-p-X B-W-v. a-p--o-w k-a-p-Z-m-b---n-S-b-n {-]-t-X-y-I-n--v B-{-^-n- a-c-p-`-q-a-n {-K-m-a--f-n a-m-{-X-w I--v h- t-N-e-m-I--w (Circumcision) A-Y-h-m k-v-{-X-o P-\-t-\-{--n-b t-O-Z-\-w (FGM: Female Genitical Mutilation) F- {-]-m-I-r-X B-N-m-c-w C--v C--y-b-n-s-e Z-m-h-q-Z-n t-_-m-d

    a-p--n-w k-a-p-Z-m-b--n-\-n-S-b-n A-X-o-h-c-l-k-y-a-m-b-n \-S--s--S-p--p F--X-v s-R--n--p- h-n-h-c-a-m-W-v. "B-t-c-m-K-y-I-c-a-m-b I-m-c-W---v A--m-s-X-, `-m-K-n-I-a-m-t-b-m ]-q-W-a-m-t-b-m

    k-v-{-X-o s-s-e-w-K-n-I A-h-b-h- a-p-d-n--v a-m--p-I A-s---n a-p-d-n-t-h-]-n--p-I" F--m-W-v C-u \-o-N-h-r--n-s-b WHO \-n--N-n--n-c-n--p--X-v. G-X-m--v I-W--p-I A-\-p-k-c-n--v t-e-m-I--v 15 t-I-m-S-n-b-n-e-[-n-I-w h-\-n-X-I C-u I---n-\-v h-n-t-[-d-c-m-b-n--p--v. A-X-n ]--v t-I-m-S-n-b-p-w B-{-^-n- c-m-P-y--f-m-b k-p-U-m-, s-k-m-a-m-e-n-b-, F-t-X-y-m-]-n-b-, C-u-P-n-]-v-X-v X-p-S--n-b c-m-P-y--f-n \-n--m-W-v. k-v-{-X-o-b-p-s-S i-c-o-c-h-n-i-p--n k-w-c--n--p-I F--X-n-\--p-d-w-, ]-p-c-p-j-s- s-s-e-w-K-n-I k-w-X-r-]-v-X-n--v t-h--n-b-m-W-v C-u I--w \-S--n t-]-m-c-p--X-v. k-v-{-X-o P-\-t-\-{--n-b--n-s- ]-p-d--p- `-m-K-w A-\-k-v-t-X-j-y I-q-S-m-s-X ]-q-W-a-m-t-b-m-, `-m-K-n-I-a-m-t-b-m-,

  • "B-t-c-m-K-y-I-c-a-m-b I-m-c-W---v A--m-s-X-, `-m-K-n-I-a-m-t-b-m ]-q-W-a-m-t-b-m k-v-{-X-o s-s-e-w-K-n-I A-h-b-h- a-p-d-n--v a-m--p-I A-s---n a-p-d-n-t-h-]-n--p-I" F--m-W-v C-u \-o-N-h-r--n-s-b WHO \-n--N-n--n-c-n--p--X-v. G-X-m--v I-W--p-I A-\-p-k-c-n--v t-e-m-I--v 15 t-I-m-S-n-b-n-e-[-n-I-w h-\-n-X-I C-u I---n-\-v h-n-t-[-d-c-m-b-n--p--v. A-X-n ]--v t-I-m-S-n-b-p-w B-{-^-n- c-m-P-y--f-m-b k-p-U-m-, s-k-m-a-m-e-n-b-, F-t-X-y-m-]-n-b-, C-u-P-n-]-v-X-v X-p-S--n-b c-m-P-y--f-n \-n--m-W-v. k-v-{-X-o-b-p-s-S i-c-o-c-h-n-i-p--n k-w-c--n--p-I F--X-n-\--p-d-w-, ]-p-c-p-j-s- s-s-e-w-K-n-I k-w-X-r-]-v-X-n--v t-h--n-b-m-W-v C-u I--w \-S--n t-]-m-c-p--X-v.

    I--n-t-b-m-, t--t-U-m D-]-t-b-m-K-n--v a-p-d-n--v a-m--p-I F--X-m-W-v t-N-e-m I--w. C-X-n G--h-p-w K-p-c-p-X-c-w t-b-m-\-n-b-p-s-S X-p-d- `-m-K-w X-p--n t-N--p-I I-q-S-n s-N--p- s-s-S--v 3 B-N-m-c--f-m-W-v. C-u k-a-b--v k-v-{-X-o-I A-\-p-`-h-n--p- a-m-\-k-n-I ]-o-U-\---v ]-p-d-t-a a-q-{-X-m-i-b A-W-p-_-m-[-, B--h {-]-i-v-\--, h--y-X X-p-S--n a-c-W-w h-s-c k-w-`-h-n--m-d-p--v. G-s-d ]-p-t-c-m-K-X-n {-]-m-]-n--p F--v \- I-c-p-X-p- b-q-t-d-m-]-y c-m-P-y--f-n t-]-m-e-p-w C-u B-N-m-c- h--n--p h-c-n-I-b-m-W-v. {-_-n--o-j-v K-h-s-a-v

    C-u B-N-m-c-w \-n--e-m--m-\-m-b-n 58 a-n-e-y t-U-m-f-d-m-W-v s-N-e-h-n-S-p--X-v. s-\-X-e-m-k-n C--c-w h-\-y {-]-h-r--n-b-n G-s-- \-q-d-n-t-e-s-d a-m-X-m-]-n-X-m--s-f-b-p-w C-u N-S--p s-N--p--h-s-c-b-p-w k--m P-b-n-e-n A-S--p I-g-n--p. h-n-i-p- {-K---f-n H--p-w X-s- {-]-X-n-]-m-Z-n--m- C-u \-o-N-I-r-X-y-s- h-n-i-z-m-k--n-s- `-m-K-a-m--n h-n-f--n-t-N--m B-W-v. C-u I---f-n G-s---h s-N--p--X-v. e-n-w-K-k-a-X-z-w-, k-m-w-k-v-I-m-c-n-I k-z-X-z-w-, h-n-i-p--n k-w-_--n- B-i-b--, ]-m-X-n-{-h-X-y-w-, k-u--c-y-t-_-m-[-w-,

    -m-\-w-, _-l-p-a-m-\-y-X-, k-v-{-X-o-I-f-p-s-S s-s-e-w-K-n-I h-m-R-v-P-s-b \-n-b-{--n- F--n-h-b-m-W-v C-X-n-s- h--m- \-n-c--p- h-m-Z-. F--n-c-p--m-e-p-w C-u ]-p-c-m-N-m-c-s- X-p-S--v-\-o--p-I F--X-v ]-p-X-n-b I-m-e--n-s- B-h-i-y-a-m-W-v. k-v-{-X-o-s-b a-\-p-j-y-\-m-b-n I-m-W-p- X-e-a-p-d F--p--m-h-p-w F- t-N-m-Z-y--n-s- D--c- \-n-e-h-n-s-e B-I-m-i--f-n H-c-n-S--p-w s-X-f-n--p h-c-p--n- F--X-n-\-v A-S-n-h-c-b-n-S I-q-S-n-b-m-W-v C-u k-w-`-h-w.

  • A-e--p-I-m-c-n-s-b h--m--n-s-b--p-w I-e-a-p--m--p--h-s-\ s-I-m-i-h-s-\--p-w a-p-S-n-a-p-d-n--p--h-s-\ A---s-\--p-w h-b-e-n ]-W-n-s-b-S-p--p--h-s-\ s-]-m-e-b F--p-w h-n-f-n--p--p. C-u k-w-t-_-m-[-\-I s-X-d-n-b-p-s-S \-n-e-h-m-c--n-t-e--p X-m-g-p- k--`--f-m-W-v I-q-S-p-X-e-p-w. D--X P-m-X-n--m D-]-t-b-m-K-n--p- P-m-X-n-\-m-a- ]-e-X-p-w P--n--\-m-S-p-h-m-g-n- I-m-e-L---n k--m-Z-n- H-u-t-Z-y-m-K-n-I ]-Z-h-n-I-f-m-W-v. \-m-b-, t-a-t-\-m X-p-S--n-b-h D-Z-m-l-c-W-w. a--n ]-W-n-s-b-S-p--p- b-Y-m--h-w-i-o-b k-z-X-z-a-p--h-s-\ ]-p-e-b-s-\--p h-n-f-n--p-t--m A-[-n-I-m-c-w I-\-n--p \-I-n-b -m-\-a-m-\- I--m-f-p--h B-Z-c-W-o-b-\-m-I-p--p.

    s-]-m-t-e-s--t-a-m s-X-d-n-b-m-I-p--X-p-w t-a-t-\-m-s--t-a-m _-l-p-a-m-\-y-\-m-I-p--X-p-w C-u N-c-n-{-X-]--m--e--n-e-m-W-v.

  • t-]-c-n F-s--m-s--t-b-m 'C-c-n--p--p'"What's your name? "H-c-p t-]-c-n F--n-c-n--p--p (Shakespere, Romeo and Juliate) F--p t-N-m-Z-n--m H-c-p t-]-c-n F-s--m-s--t-b-m 'C-c-n--p--p' F--p X-s- D--c-w ]-d-t-b--n-h-c-p-w. \-m-a-w F--X-v t-I-h-e-w X-n-c-n--d-n-b-m (identification) a-m-{-X-a-p- D-]-m-[-n-b- F--X-v \-m-a-w-, \-m-a-I-c-W-w F--n-h--p ]-n--n {-]-h--n--p- N-c-n-{-X-]-c-h-p-w k-m-w-k-v-I-m-c-n-I-h-p-w c-m-j-v-{-S-o-b-h-p-a-m-b L-S-I- ]-c-n-t-i-m-[-n--m a-\--n-e-m--m-w.k-m-a-q-l-y-_- \-n-W-b-\--n-\-p-w A-X-n-s- h-y-h--m-]-\--n-\-p-w t-]-c-p-I k-p-{-]-[-m-\ ]--v h-l-n--p--p--v. ]-e-X-e--f-n-e-m-b-n H--\-h-[-n k-m-a-q-l-y-L-S-I- C-S-s-]-S-p- H--m-W-v t-]-c-p-w t-]-c-n-S-e-p-w (name and naming) \-m-a-I-c-W--n-s- H-m-t-c-m X-e--f-n-e-p-w t-]-c-v h-n-\-n-a-b-w s-N--p- c-m-j-v-{-S-o-b-w k-q--a-a-m-W-v. A-t-X-k-a-b-w A-X-n-s- k-w-h-m-Z-k-m-[-y-X _-r-l--m-W-v. "naming selects, discriminates, identifies, locaes, orders, arranges and systematizes" John Dewey and Arthur. F. Bentley (Knowing and the known, Boston: Beacon Press 1949 Page 147) A-X-m-b-X-v h-w-i-o-b-a-m-b-p-w (ethnical-) a-I-]-c-a-m-b-p-w P-m-X-o-b-a-m-b-p-w D- h-y--n-b-p-s-S \-n-e-\-n-]-v-, A-\-y-s-c t-_-m-[-y-s--S-p--m k-z-b-w _-m-[-y--a-m-b h-y--n-X-z-w-, s-X-m-g-n-, k-m-a-q-l-y-k-z-o-I-m-c-y-X-, h-K-\-n-e F--n-h-s-b--m-w H-c-p t-]-c-n-s- \-n-W-b-\--n I-S--p h-c-m-w B A---n C--y \-m-a--s-f B-k-v-]-Z-a-m--n H-c-p ]T-\-a-m-W-v C-u t-e-J-\--n

    D-t--i-n--p--X-v. FmWv t]cv ?F--m-W-v t-]-c-v ? t-]-c-n-s- \-n--N-\- ]-c-n-t-i-m-[-n--m-w. "A name is a word or term used for identification. Name can identify a class or category of things or a single thing, either uniquely or within a given context.""Personal name identifies a specific, unique and identifiable

    individual person and may or may not include a middle name"."The word or words by which a person, place, or things is designated, reputation, on behalf or with the authority of"Etymology of the word "name" :The word 'name' comes from old English nama, akin to old High German (OHG) and Sanskrit 'namo', Latin 'nomen' and Greek 'onoma' and also possible from the Proto Indo Europian Language (PIE) 'nomn' t]cnSk-a-q-l--n-s-e k-a-p-Z-m-b t-{-i-W-n-b-p-w A-X-p \-n-W-b-n--p- I-p-S-w-_ _---f-p-w t-]-c-n-s-\ k-z-m-[-o-\-n--p--p. c-k-I-c-a-m-b H-c-p h-k-v-X-p-X-, a-s---m A-h-I-m-i-m-[-n-I-m-c--f-p-w B-k-z-Z-n--p-t--m-g-p-w h-y--n--v k-z-b-w \-n-W-b-m-[-n-I-m-c-a-n--m--X-p-w \-n-i-_-v-Z-a-m-b-n h-n-t-[-b-s--t-S--n-h-c-p--X-p-a-m-b H--m-W-v k-z--w t-]-c-v F--X-m-W-v. P-\-\-m-\--c-w H-c-p i-n-i-p-h-n-\-v t-]-c-p \-I-p--X-v c--n-X-m--f-m-W-v. k-m-a-p-Z-m-b-n-I-m-N-m-c-{-I-a-w A-\-p-k-c-n--v C--y-b-n-s-e `-q-c-n-]--w t-K-m-{-X--f-n-e-p-w C-u A-h-I-m-i-w ]-n-X-m-h-n-t-\-m ]-n-X-m-h-n-s- I-p-S-p-w-_--n-t-\-m B-W-v. a-m-X-m-h-v K-`-w [-c-n--p {-]-k-h-n--p--p F--X-p-h-s-c a-m-X-r \-n--n-]-v-X-a-m-b-n-c-n--p- A-h-I-m-i-w t-]-c-n-S N-S--v I-g-n-b-p--t-X-m-s-S ]-n-X-m-h-n t-I-{--o-I-c-n--p--p. C-X-n-s-\ H--p-I-q-S-n _-e-s--S-p--p--X-m-W-v A-S-p--I-m-e--p--m-b `-c-W-I-q-S-\-o--w. (]-n-X-m-h-n-s- P-m-X-n-t-b a- A-h-I-m-i-s--S-m-h-q F-s--m-c-p D--c-h-v H--c-h-j-w a-p--v t-I-{--k--m ]-p-d-s--S-p-h-n--p.\-m-a-I-c-W--n-\-p- A-[-n-I-m-c-w ]-n-X-m-h-n/]-n-X-r-I-p-S-p-w-_--n \-n--n-]-v-X-s--S-p--p--X-v k-a-q-

    sI.hn kp-[m-IcMalayalam Dept.

  • l-a-m-W-v. h-n-i-z-m-k-w-, I-p-S-w-_-_--w-, P-m-X-n-, a-X-w F--n-h-s-b--m-w ]-n-X-m-h-n-s- A-[-n-I-m-c-s- ]-n--p-W--p--p.`-m-c-X--n-s-e h-n-h-n-[ P-m-X-n a-X--c-p-s-S t-]-c-n-S N-S--p ]-c-n-t-i-m-[-n--m A-h-s-b--m-w H-c-p X-c-w A-\-p-j-vT-m-\ k-z-`-m-h-w ]-p-e--p--X-m-b-n I-m-W-m-w. a-X-]-c-a-m-b-n k-p-{-]-[-m-\ N-S--p-I-f-n-s-e-m--m-b-n \-m-a-I-c-W-w a-m-d-n--g-n--p. ]-p-W-y--I-a-m-b (sacred) A-\-p-j-vT-m-\-a-m-b-n k-a-o-]-I-m-e--v t-I-c-f-o-b-c-p-w \-m-a-I-

    c-W-s- k-z-o-I-c-n--p h-c-p--X-m-b-n I-m-W-m-w. a-p--v `-h-\--f-n \-S- t-N-m-d-q-W-v-, \-m-a-I-c-W-w F--n-h {-]-a-p-J t--{-X--n-t-e--p a-m--p- {-]-h-W-X h-y-m-]-I-a-m-b-X-v t-]-m-b H--p c--p Z-i-I--n-\-n-S-b-n-e-m-W-v.I-p-S-p-w-_--n-\-p-w k-a-p-Z-m-b--n-\-p-w A-h-I-m-i-s---X-m-b \-m-a-I-c-W-m-[-n-I-m-c-w e-n-J-n-X-a- (coded) I-o-g-v-h-g--a-m-W-v C--m-c-y--n ]-n--p-S-c-p--X-v. ]-c--c-m-K-X-a-m-b-n X-p-S--p-h-c-p--X-p-w k-a-q-l-k-z-o-I-m-c-y-X-b-p--X-p-w

    5859hmjnIw 2015

    Kh {_ tImtfPv Xetcn

    k-a-q-l--n-s-e k-a-p-Z-m-b t-{-i-W-n-b-p-w A-X-p \-n-W-b-n--p- I-p-S-w-_ _---f-p-w t-]-c-n-s-\ k-z-m-[-o-\-n--p--p. c-k-I-c-a-m-b H-c-p h-k-v-X-p-X-, a-s---m A-h-I-m-i-m-[-n-I-m-c--f-p-w B-k-z-Z-n--p-t--m-g-p-w h-y--n--v k-z-b-w \-n-W-b-m-[-n-I-m-c-a-n--m--X-p-w \-n-i-_-v-Z-a-m-b-n h-n-t-[-b-s--t-S--n-h-c-p--X-p-a-m-b H--m-W-v k-z--w t-]-c-v F--X-m-W-v. P-\-\-m-\--c-w H-c-p i-n-i-p-h-n-\-v t-]-c-p \-I-p--X-v c--n-X-m--f-m-W-v. k-m-a-p-Z-m-b-n-I-m-N-m-c-{-I-a-w A-\-p-k-c-n--v C--y-b-n-s-e `-q-c-n-]--w t-K-m-{-X--f-n-e-p-w C-u A-h-I-m-i-w ]-n-X-m-h-n-t-\-m ]-n-X-m-h-n-s- I-p-S-p-w-_--n-t-\-m B-W-v. a-m-X-m-h-v K-`-w [-c-n--p {-]-k-h-n--p--p F--X-p-h-s-c a-m-X-r \-n--n-]-v-X-a-m-b-n-c-n--p- A-h-I-m-i-w t-]-c-n-S N-S--v I-g-n-b-p--t-X-m-s-S ]-n-X-m-h-n t-I-{--o-I-c-n--p--p. C-X-n-s-\ H--p-I-q-S-n _-e-s--S-p--p--X-m-W-v A-S-p--I-m-e--p--m-b `-c-W-I-q-S-\-o--w.

  • A-e-n-J-n-X-h-p-a-m-b \-S-]-S-n-{-I-a--f-m-W-v s-]-m-X-p-t-h I-o-g-v-h-g--. C-u I-o-g-v-h-g---f-n-e-q-s-S k-a-q-l-w \-m-a-I-c-W--n-s- ]-e-X-e--f-n \-n-e-o-\-a-m-b-n C-S-s-]-S-p--p. {-]-X-y---n I-p-S-p-w-_-t-a-m k-a-p-Z-m-b-t-a-m h-y--n-t-b-m C-t-X--p-d-n--v t-_-m-[-h-m-\-.a-X-m--I-h-p-w h-n-i-z-m-k-m-[-n-j-vT-n-X-h-p-a-m-b-n \-S--p- A-t-_-m-[-]-q--a-m-b {-]-{-I-n-b-b-m-W-X-v. l-n--p-, {-I-n-k-v-X-y-, C--m-w a-X-h-n-i-z-m-k-n-I-s-f--m-w X-s- \-m-a-I-c-W--n A-d-n-t--m A-d-n-b-m-s-X-t-b-m B-{-i-b-n--p--X-v a-X-{-K---s-f-b-p-w a-X-N-c-n-{-X-s--b-p-a-m-W-v F--X-p-X-s- C-X-n-\-p s-X-f-n-h-m-W-v.D-Z-m-l-c-W--n-\-v `-m-c-X--n-s-e/t-I-c-f--n-s-e l-n--p-a-X-h-n-i-z-m-k-n-I k-m-[-m-c-W-b-m-b-n \-I-p- t-]-c-p-I t-\-m--p-I. l-n--p-\-m-a- s-]-m-X-p-s-h-, \-I-s--S- t-]-c-v (given name I-q-S-m-s-X H-t--m H--n-e-[-n-I-t-a-m c--m-w \-m-a-w I-q-S-n D-s--S-p--X-m-W-v (secondary name-). C-u c--m-w \-m-a-w ]-n-X-r-\-m-a-t-a-m P-m-X-n-\-m-a-t-a-m-, -m-\-\-m-a-t-a-m-, {-K-m-a-\-m-a-t-a-m B-I-m-w.]-p-c-p-j-\-m-a- D-Z-m: B-Z-n-X-y-, A-\--, A-\-n-, A-\-n-c-p--, K-t-W-i-, K-n-c-o-j-v-, t-K-m-]-n-\-m-Y-, t-K-m-]-m-e-, t-K-m-h-n--, P-K--m-Y-, l-c-o-j-v-, C-{--P-n--v-, a-p-c-f-o-[-c-, c-m-a-N-{--, I-r-j-v-W-, c-L-p-\-m-Y X-p-S--n-b-h.k-v-{-X-o-\-m-a- D-Z-m: K-u-c-n-, I-a-e-, I-m-X-y-m-b-\-n-, c-a-, C--n-c-, e-f-n-X-, e--v-a-n-, a-m-b-, Z-p--, ]--m-h-X-n-, c-m-[ X-p-S--n-b-h.C-u t-]-c-p-I-s-f--m-w l-n--p-a-X-{-K---f-n-t-e-X-m-W-v. A-X-m-b-X-v a-e-b-m-f--n-s-e/`-m-c-X--n-s-e l-n--p-\-m-a--s---m-w B-[-m-c-w H-c-p h-e-n-b ]-c-n-[-n-h-s-c k-w-k-v-I-r-X-`-m-j-b-m-W-v. k-w-k-v-I-r-X-]-Z--f-p-w (D-Z-m: K-o-X-, B-\--v-, I-o--n-, Z-i-\ etc.,-) \-m-a--f-m-b-n h-y-m-]-I-a-m-b-n D-]-t-b-m-K-n--p--p. _-l-m-`-q-c-n-]--w C--m-w a-X h-n-i-z-m-k-n-I-f-p-w {-I-n-k-v-X-p-a-X-h-n-i-z-m-k-n-I-f-p-w a-X-h-p-a-m-b-n _--s-- N-c-n-{-X--n-e-p--h-b-p-w A-h-c-h-c-p-s-S h-n-i-p--{-K---f-n-e-p--h-b-p-

    a-m-b \-m-a- s-X-c-s--S-p--p--p. t-I-c-f--n ^-y-q-U I-m-e-L---n k-h-W k-w-k-v-I-r-X-\-m-a--f-p-w ]-Z--f-p-w A-X-p-t-]-m-s-e \-m-a-a-m-b-n D-]-t-b-m-K-n--p-h--t--m A-h-W (Z-f-n-X-) A--c-w t-]-c-p-I-f-p-s-S h-n-I-r-X-c-q-]- a-m-{-X-w t-]-c-m-b-n D-]-t-b-m-K-n--m h-n-[-n--s---p. D-Z-m: {-i-o-t-Z-h-n N-n-c-p-t-X-h-n-, N-o-c-p/ e--v-a-n e--v-a-n-, Z--v-a-n / ]-m--X-n ]-t-d-m-X-n-, ]-m-d-p / {-i-o-c-m-a N-o-c / \-m-c-m-b-W \-m-c-m-b-W-, \-m-W-p / t-K-m-h-n- t-I-m-b-n- / i-m-k-v-X N-m- -, N-m--p F--n--s-\.P-m-X-o-b-a-m-b D--\-o-N--a-m-W-v C-X-n-\-p t-l-X-p-h-m-b-X-v. k-h-W-`-m-j-b-m-b k-w-k-v-I-r-X-w {-_-m--W-c-S--a-p- D--X-P-m-X-n--m--p-a-m-{-X-w {-]-m-]-y-a-m-b-n-c-p- `-q-X-I-m-e--n-s- t-i-j-n--m-W-n-X-v.k-v-{-X-o ]-p-c-p-j h-n-t-h-N-\-w C-h-n-s-S-b-p-w {-]-X-y--a-m-W-v. I-o-g-m-f-k-a-q-l--n-X-s- ]-p-c-p-j--m k-w-k-v-I-r-X \-m-a- X--a-a-m-b-n D-]-t-b-m-K-n--p-t--m k-v-{-X-o-\-m-a--f-n t-N-X-w h-c-p--p--p. k-v-{-X-o--p-t-a ]-p-c-p-j-\-p-w I-o-g-m-f-\-p-t-a t-a-P-m-X-n--m-c-p-w s-N-e-p--n-t--m- A-[-n-I-m-c-a-m-W-v C--c-w \-m-a-I-c-W- s-h-f-n-h-m--p--X-v. Z-f-n-X-c-m-b ]-p-c-j--m--p-w k-v-{-X-o-I--p-w X-\-n-\-m-S-t-]-c-p-I I-]-n--p-s-I-m-S-p--X-p-w A-[-n-I-m-c-U-w-`-p-a-p-g-p- k-h-W-a-\--m-W-v.D-Z-m: I-p--, I-p--, t-I-f-, t-I-f-p-, t-I-m-a-, h--y--h--y-, I--, s-]-m--, t-I-m-c-, I-p--, I-p--n-, A--p X-p-S--n-b-h.A-t-X k-a-b-w k-h-W A-h-c-p-s-S P-m-X-n-\-n-e I-q-S-n h-y--a-m--p- t-]-c-p-I-f-m-W-v k-z-o-I-c-n--p-t-]-m--X-v. {-]-m-Y-a-n-I-\-m-a-w + P-m-X-n-\-m-a-w F- c-o-X-n-b-n.\--q-X-n-c-n-, `---n-c-n-, \-m-b-, t-a-t-\-m-, h--, s-]-m-X-p-h-m-, \--y-m-, I-p-d-p--v-, \-m-b-\-m-, ]-n--, A--P-\-w-, h-m-c-k-y-m-, \--y-m-, F--n--s-\ {-]-m-Y-a-n-I-\-m-a--n-\-v h-m-e-p-\-o--p h--p.Z-f-n-X--v P-m-X-n-\-m-a-w t-]-c-n-s-\-m-

    6061hmjnIw 2015

    Kh {_ tImtfPv Xetcn

    k-v-{-X-o ]-p-c-p-j h-n-t-h-N-\-w C-h-n-s-S-b-p-w {-]-X-y--a-m-W-v. I-o-g-m-f-k-a-q-l--n-X-s- ]-p-c-p-j--m k-w-k-v-I-r-X \-m-a- X--a-a-m-b-n D-]-t-b-m-K-n--p-t--m k-v-{-X-o-\-m-a--f-n t-N-X-w h-c-p--p--p. k-v-{-X-o--p-t-a ]-p-c-p-j-\-p-w I-o-g-m-f-\-p-t-a t-a-P-m-X-n--m-c-p-w s-N-e-p--n-t--m- A-[-n-I-m-c-a-m-W-v C--c-w \-m-a-I-c-W- s-h-f-n-h-m--p--X-v. Z-f-n-X-c-m-b ]-p-c-j--m--p-w k-v-{-X-o-I--p-w X-\-n-\-m-S-t-]-c-p-I I-]-n--p-s-I-m-S-p--X-p-w A-[-n-I-m-c-U-w-`-p-a-p-g-p- k-h-W-a-\--m-W-v.D-Z-m: I-p--, I-p--, t-I-f-, t-I-f-p-, t-I-m-a-, h--y--h--y-, I--, s-]-m--, t-I-m-c-, I-p--, I-p--n-, A--p X-p-S--n-b-h.

  • -w t-N--m A-h-I-m-i-a-n-. C-u A-[-a-t-_-m-[-w D--X-P-m-X-n--m A-h-c-n t-_-m-[-]-q--w A-S-n-t--]-n--X-m-W-v. t-I-h-e-w X-\-n--p-I-n--n-b t-]-c-n (given name) a-m-{-X-a-m-b-n A-h H-X-p--n-t--m-I-p--p. Z-f-n-X-v k-a-q-l-w G--p-h-m--n-t--m- P-m-X-o-b-a-m-b A-S-n--a- t-]-c-n \-n--p X-s- X-p-S--p--p-s-h--v k-m-c-w.X-m-g-v- k-a-p-Z-m-b--m k-z--w P-m-X-n-t--c-v k-z--w t-]-c-n-t-\-m-s-S-m--w D-]-t-b-m-K-n--m--X-n-\-v ]-n--n N-c-n-{-X-]-c-a-m-b a--p N-n-e I-m-c-W- I-q-S-n-b-p--v. i-_-v-Z-n--m-t-\-m {-]-X-n-I-c-n--m-t-\-m I-g-n-b-m-s-X A-S-n-a-I-f-m-b-n I-g-n-t-b--n-h- ^-y-q-U I-m-e-L---n-s- X-n--^-e-a-m-W-v C--p-w Z-f-n-X-v k-a-q-l-w A-\-p-`-h-n--p--X-v. k-z--w-P-m-X-n-t- ]-c-n-l-m-k-y-a-m-s-W--v A-h-s-c \-n-c--c-w H-m--n--n--p--X-v C-u `-q-X-I-m-e-a-m-W-v.Z-f-n-X P-m-X-n-t- a-d--m {-i-a-n--m-e-p-w k-w-t-_-m-[-\-I-f-n-e-q-s-S k-a-q-l-w A-h-s-c \-n-c--c-w H-m--n--n--p-s-I-m--n-c-n--p--p. P-m-X-n-b-p-s-S {-I-a-L-S-\-b-p-s-S

    {-]-X-n-^-e-\-h-p-w {-]-I-S-\-h-p-a-m-W-v C--c-w k-w-t-_-m-[-\-I. X-s---m X-m-g-v- k-a-p-Z-m-b--n-s-e A-w-K-s- P-m-X-n-t--c-v s-N-m--n-b-m-W-v C-t--m-g-p-w h-n-f-n--p-h-c-p--X-v. C-u k-w-t-_-m-[-\-I I-o-g-m-f-c-p-s-S P-m-X-o-b-a-m-b A-t-[-m-\-n-e A-h-s-c H-m--n--n--p-s-I-m--n-c-n--p-w. C-u A-h-t-l-f-\-w I-S- A-]-a-m-\-t-_-m-[-a-m-b-n I-o-g-m-f-a-\--n D-d--p-t-]-m-I-p--p. P--n--\-m-S-p-h-m-g-n-I-m-e-L--w s-X-m--v C-u \-h-o-\ s-F.S-n.b-p-K-w h-s-c I-m-c-y-a-m-b a-m--s-a-m--p-w C-X-n-\-p-h--n--n-s---v k-a-I-m-e-k-w-`-h- h-y--a-m--p--p.A-e--p-I-m-c-n-s-b h--m--n-s-b--p-w I-e-a-p--m--p--h-s-\ s-I-m-i-h-s-\--p-w a-p-S-n-a-p-d-n--p--h-s-\ A---s-\--p-w h-b-e-n ]-W-n-s-b-S-p--p--h-s-\ s-]-m-e-b F--p-w h-n-f-n--p--p. C-u k-w-t-_-m-[-\-I s-X-d-n-b-p-s-S \-n-e-h-m-c--n-t-e--p X-m-g-p- k--`--f-m-W-v I-q-S-p-X-e-p-w. D--X P-m-X-n--m D-]-t-b-m-K-n--p- P-m-X-n-\-m-a- ]-e-X-p-w P--n--\-m-S-p-h-m-g-n- I-m-e-L-

    --n k--m-Z-n- H-u-t-Z-y-m-K-n-I ]-Z-h-n-I-f-m-W-v. \-m-b-, t-a-t-\-m X-p-S--n-b-h D-Z-m-l-c-W-w. a--n ]-W-n-s-b-S-p--p- b-Y-m--h-w-i-o-b k-z-X-z-a-p--h-s-\ ]-p-e-b-s-\--p h-n-f-n--p-t--m A-[-n-I-m-c-w I-\-n--p \-I-n-b -m-\-a-m-\- I--m-f-p--h B-Z-c-W-o-b-\-m-I-p--p. s-]-m-t-e-s--t-a-m s-X-d-n-b-m-I-p--X-p-w t-a-t-\-m-s--t-a-m _-l-p-a-m-\-y-\-m-I-p--X-p-w C-u N-c-n-{-X-]--m--e--n-e-m-W-v.C-u k--`--n-e-m-W-v k-n-J-v-a-X--n \-S- ]-c-n-j-v-I-m-c-w {-i--n-t---X-v. P-m-X-o-b-a-m-b t-h-X-n-X-n-h-v C--m-X-m--m 10-m-w-a-s- k-n-J-v K-p-c-p-h-m-b K-p-c-p-t-K-m-_-n--k-n-w-K-v (16661708-) k-n-J-v k-a-q-l--n ]-p- \-m-a-I-c-W k-{--Z-m-b-w B-h-n-j-v-I-c-n--p. 1699 a-m--v 30 \-v \-S- 'J' -p-t-i-j-a-m-W-v P-m-X-o-b-a-m-b D--\-o-N-- H-g-n-h-m--p--X-n-\-m-b-n X-n-I--p-w ]-p-t-c-m-K-a-\-]-c-h-p-w h-n--h-m--I-h-p-a-m-b \-m-a-]-c-n-j-v-I-c-W \-S-]-S-n D--m-b-X.-v k-n-J-v-a-X h-n-k-z-m-k-n-I-f-p-s-S t-]-c-p-I-f-p-w

    tIc-f-n ^yq-U Ime-L--n khW kwkvIr-X-\m-a-fpw ]Z-fpw AXp-t]mse \ma-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-p-h--tm AhW (Zfn-X) Acw t]cp-I-fpsS hnIr-X-cq-]- am{Xw t]

    cmbn D]-tbm-Kn-m hn[n--s-p. DZm: {iotZhn Nncp-tX-hn, Nocp/ evan evan, Zvan /

    ]mXn ]tdm-Xn, ]mdp / {iocm-a Noc / \mcm-b-W \mcm-b-W, \mWp /

    tKmhn- tImbn- / imkvX Nm , Nmp Fn--s\.

  • k-w-k-v-I-r-X--n \-n--p-w D-c-p--n-c-n--h-b-m-W-v. ]-t- B \-m-a- l-n--p-\-m-a--f-n \-n--p-w h-y-X-y-k-v-X-a-m-W-v. k-n-J-v \-m-a- c--p-`-m-K-a-p--h-b-m-W-v. (dithematiccontaining two elements-) t-]-c-n-s-e l-, _-m-, a-m F--n-h H--m-a-s- L-S-I-h-p-w C--, Z-o-]-v-, ]-m F--n-h c--m-a-s- L-S-I-h-p-a-m-W-v. a-n--h-m-d-p-w t-]-c-p-I-f-n A-[-n-\-m-a-w (surname) B-b-n k-n-w-K-v (k-n-w-l-w-) D--m-I-p-w k-v-{-X-o \-m-a--f-n 'kaur' (c-m-P-I-p-a-m-c-n-) F--p-w t-N--n--p--m-I-p-w. C-t-X-m-s-S k-n-J-v-k-a-q-l-w P-m-X-n-h-n-a-p--a-m-I-p-I-b-p-w \-m-a-I-c-W--n-s-e h-n-t-h-N-\-w A-h-k-m-\-n--p-I-b-p-w s-N-b-v-X-p. \-m-a-I-c-W-c-o-X-n ]-c-n-j-v--c-n--X-p-h-g-n P-m-X-n k-{--Z-m-b-w X--n--f-s---n-e-p-w h-w-i-o-b-a-m-b k-z-X-z--m-]-\-w ]-n--m-e--v k-n-J-v-k-a-q-l--n k-w-`-h-n--X-m-b-n I-m-W-m-w. G-t-I-m-]-n-X-a-m-b \-m-a-I-c-W-c-o-X-n h-w-i-o-b-a-m-b X-n-c-n--d-n-b-e-n-\-v B--w-I-q--n. {-]-m-t-Z-i-n-I-c-m-{--o-b X-o-{-h-h-m-Z-t--m-f-w h-f- C-u h-w-i-o-b-t-_-m-[-w A-c--n--p-d--n--m \-m-a-I-c-W-h-p-w H-c-p t-l-X-p-h-m-b-n.C--s- `-c-W-h-y-h--b-n-e-p-w I--n-c-m-j-v-{-S-o-b--n-e-p-w \-m-a-I-c-W--n-s-e k--p-N-n-X c-m-j-v-{-S-o-b X-m-e-v-]-c-y- I-S--p-h-c-p--p--v. ]--X-n-I--v `-c-W-m-[-n-I-m-c-n-I-f-p-s-S t-]-c-v \-I-p- k-{--Z-m-b-w C--y-b-n ]-c-t--I-m-W-m-w. H-d-o--b-n \-S- H-c-p ]T-\-w N-q--n--m--p--X-v s-]-m-X-p-t-h C--y-b-n I--p-h-c-p- A--c-w {-]-h-W-X-b-m-W-v. H-d-o-k-b-n \-h-o ]-S-v-\-m-b-n-I-v a-p-J-y-a-{--n-b-m-b-n-c-p- I-m-e--v \-S--n-e-m--n-b P-\-t--a-]--X-n-I-f-p-t-S-s-b--m-w t-]-c-p-I

    A-t--l--n-s- ]-n-X-m-h-v _-p-P-p-]-S-v-\-m-b--n-t--X-m-W-v. `-m-c-X-w \-S--m--n-b-X-p-w \-S--m--p--X-p-a-m-b P-\-t--a-]--X-n-I--p-w c-m-j-v-{-S-o-b--`-c-W t-\-X-m--f-p-s-S t-]-c-m-W-p--X-v. _-o-l-m-d-n a-p-J-y-a-{--n-b-b-n-c-p- a-m-b-m-h-X-n X-s- {-]-X-n-a-I -m-]-n--X-p-w C-u ]--m--e--n-e-m-W-v. a--v k-w--m-\--f-n-e-p-w G-d-n-t-b-m I-p-d-t--m C-u {-]-h-W-X I-m-W-m-w. c-m-j-v-{-S-o-b ]-m--n-I-f-p-s-S-b-p-w t-\-X-m--f-p-t-S-b-p-w 'k-w--m-]-\-X-z-c' (establishment tendency) b-m-W-v I--n-c-m-j-v-{-S-o-b-h--c-n--p- \-m-a-I-c-W-c-o-X-n-s-b--p h-y--a-m-W-v.C-\-n Z-r-i-y-a-m-[-y-a--f-n {-]-t-X-y-I-n--v k-n-\-n-a-I-f-n

    \-m-a-I-c-W-w F--s-\ k-h-W-h-X-v-I-c-n--s--S-p--p-s-h--v t-\-m--m-w. a-e-b-m-f--n t-]-m-b c--p Z-i-I--n-\-n-s-S C-d--n-b k-q--X-m-c N-n-{-X--f-n A-a-m-\-p-j ]-c-n-t-h-j-a-p- \-m-b-I-a-m-c-p-s-S t-]-c-p-I s-s-l--h ]-p-c-m-W--f-n-s-e ]-c-a s-s-Z-h--f-p-t-S-X-m-W-v. "\-o-e-I-W-vT (t-Z-h-m-k-p-c-w-)-, P-K--m-Y (B-d-m-w-X--p-c-m-)-, C--p-N-q-V (\-c-k-n-w-l-w-)-, t-Z-h-\-m-c-m-b-W (]--m-h-q t-Z-h-\-m-c-m-b-W-)-, I-m--n-t-I-b (c-m-h-W-{-]-

    `-p-) X-p-S--n-b-h D-Z-m-l-c-W-w. s-s-l--h-a-m-b \-n-c-h-[-n _-n-w-_- I-S--p-h-c-p- 'l-n--p-X-z' F- h-w-i-o-b-X-b-p-s-S c-l-k-y A-P- -m-]-n--m {-i-a-n--p- \-n-c-h-[-n k-n-\-n-a-I-f-n N-n-e-X-m-W-v t-a ]-d--h. i-{-X-p k-w-l-m-c--n-\-h-X-c-n- A-a-m-\-p-j-n-I-c-m-W-v C-u k-n-\-n-a-b-n-s-e \-m-b-I-a-m. a-m-{-X-a- a-e-b-m-f--n-s-e {-i-t--b-a-m-b P-\-{-]-n-b k-n-\-n-a-I-f-n s-]-m-X-p-t-h h-n- -m-\--p \-n-I-p--X-v a-p--o-w \-m-a-[-m-c-n-I-f-m-b I-Y-m-]-m-{-X--f-m-W-v F--X-p-w I-m-W-m-w. \-h-a-m-[-y-a--f-n (D-Z-m: t-^-k-v-_-p--v-, h-m-S-v-k-v B--v-) k-h-W-s-c--`-n-a-m-\-n--p- N-n-e k-z--w t-]-c-n-s- I-q-s-S P-m-X-n-t-] t-N--p--X-p-w C-t--m h-y-m-]-I-a-m-b-n I-m-W-p- {-]-h-W-X-b-m-W-v. C-X-n-s-\ ]-c-n-l-k-n--p--, h-n-a-i-n--p- t-^-k-v-_-p--v t-]-m--p-I-f-p-w [-m-c-m-f-w h--n--p--v.\-m-a- ]-n-]--p- P-m-X-o-b-h-p-w h-w-i-o-b-h-p-a-m-b X-n-c-n--d-n-h-p-I c-m-j-v-{-S-o-b-h-X-v-I-c-n--s--S-p--X-p-w k-w-L-S-\-m-c-q-]-w {-]-m-]-n--p--X-p-w I-m-W-m-w. C--y-b-n h-w-i-o-b-a-m-b ]-p-\-t-c-I-o-I-c-W-w \-S--p--X-v C-u ]--m--e--n-e-m-W-v. X-a-n-g-v \-m--n-e-p-w a-l-m-c-m-j-v-{-S-b-n-e-p-w l-c-n-b-m-\-b-n-e-p-w _-o-l-m-d-n-e-p-s-a--m-w C--c--n h-w-i-o-b k-z-X-z-w (ethical identity) c-m-j-v-{-S-o-b-]-m--n-I-f-m-b-p-w `-c-W-I-q-S-a-m-b-p-w h-n-I-k-n--p--p--v. h-w-i-o-b-k-z-X-z-w X-n-c-n--d-n-b-p-I-s-b--X-p-X-s- B--c-n-I-a-m-b-n \-S--p- \-n-i-_-v-Z-a-m-b c-m-j-v-{-S-o-b {-]-h--\-a-m-W-v. A-t-_-m-[-]-q--h-p-w s-F-{--P-m-e-n-I-h-p (magical-) a-m-b H-c-p-a-m-\-w A-X-n-\-p--v ]-n-b-d-n t-_-m-Z-y-h-n-s- h-o--W--n H-c-p t-]-c-n-s- "demonstration" F--X-v

    6263hmjnIw 2015

    Kh {_ tImtfPv Xetcn

    Z-f-n-X P-m-X-n-t- a-d--m {-i-a-n--m-e-p-w k-w-t-_-m-[-\-I-f-n-e-q-s-S k-a-q-l-w A-h-s-c \-n-c--c-w H-m--n--n--p-s-I-m--n-c-n--p--p. P-m-X-n-b-p-s-S {-I-a-L-S-\-b-p-s-S {-]-X-n-^-e-\-h-p-w {-]-I-S-\-h-p-a-m-W-v C--c-w k-w-t-_-m-[-\-I. X-s---m X-m-g-v- k-a-p-Z-m-b--n-s-e A-w-K-s- P-m-X-n-t--c-v s-N-m--n-b-m-W-v C-t--m-g-p-w h-n-f-n--p-h-c-p--X-v. C-u k-w-t-_-m-[-\-I I-o-g-m-f-c-p-s-S P-m-X-o-b-a-m-b A-t-[-m-\-n-e A-h-s-c H-m--n--n--p-s-I-m--n-c-n--p-w. C-u A-h-t-l-f-\-w I-S- A-]-a-m-\-t-_-m-[-a-m-b-n I-o-g-m-f-a-\--n D-d--p-t-]-m-I-p--p. P--n--\-m-S-p-h-m-g-n-I-m-e-L--w s-X-m--v C-u \-h-o-\ s-F.S-n.b-p-K-w h-s-c I-m-c-y-a-m-b a-m--s-a-m--p-w C-X-n-\-p-h--n--n-s---v k-a-I-m-e-k-w-`-h- h-y--a-m--p--p.

  • "A typically magical act thrugh which the particular group virtual, ignored denied or repressed makes itself visible and manifests, for other groups and for itself, and attests to its existence as a group that is knoen and recognized'(Pierre Boudiu, Language and symbolic power oxford Polity press 1992 page 224)

    \-m-a-I-c-W--n-e-q-s-S h-w-i-o-b-k-z-X-z-h-p-w P-m-X-o-b-k-z-X-z-h-p-w X-n-c-n--d-n-b-p-I-b-p-w t-h-X-n-c-n--s--S-p-I-b-p-w s-N--p--p. H-c-m-s-f \-n-W-b-n--p--X-n-\-p-w X-c-w-X-n-c-n--p--X-n-\-p-w k-m-a-q-l-y h-y-h-m-l-m-c--n {-I-a-o-I-c-n--p--X-n-\-p-w \-m-a-I-c-W-w A-S-n--m-\-a-m-I-p--p.P-a X-X-z--m-\-n-b-m-b

    G--v I-m--n-b-d-d-p-s-S (Ernest Cassirer 18741945) \-n-c-o--W-w D--c-n--p-s-I-m--v A-h-k-m-\-n--n--m-w. "Whatever has been fixed by a name, hence forth is not only real, but is a reality"

  • B-I-m-i-wI-S-e-n-t-\--m a-u-\-h-p-wa-p-d-n-h-p-a-p--X-m-W-v X-n-c-I-f-m-W-v k-w-k-m-c-n- X-p-S--p-I F-t--m-g-p-w A-h I-S---n-I-t-f-m-S-v X-o-c-s- ]-p--p-I-t-f-m-S-v I-S--c-b-n {-]-W-b-N-n-- h-c-b-p--h-t-c-m-S-v I-e-l-n--p-w X-n-c-b-n-s-e-m-c-p X-m-g-v-N-b-n s-I-m--n-e-p-S--n-b-X-p-a-m-b-n H-c-m-_-t-{-S-m-k-v a-n--n-b-p-b--v B-I-m-i-t---v B-I-m-i-w a-n--n-b-n- X-n-c-b-v--v \-j-v-S-a-m-b-I-p--p P-o-h A-X-v I-e-]-n-e-I-q--n I-c-b-n X-e-b-S-n- I-c-n--v H-S-p--w N-n-c-n--v ]-n-h-m--n

    A-t--m-g-p-w B-I-m-i-w t-a-L-m-h-r-X-a-m-b-n-c-p--p. t-a-L---d-n-b-m-w C-u a-q-S -n-c-a-. C-u a-u-\-h-p-w -n-c-a- N-n-e-t--m s-R--n--p-s-I-m-s--m-c-p A--l-m-k-w t-I--m-w X-o ]-m-d-p- H-c-p t-\-m--h-p-w A-t--m-g-p-w A--K-`-a-m-b H-c-p-a-u-\-w H-m-t-c-m a-g--p--n-b-n-e-p-w\-n-d--n-c-n--p-w.

    h-m--p-I-t-f--m a-p-dn-h-p- a-u-\-

    F.]n i-in-[cMalayalam Dept.

  • a-p---, s-N--d-, \-n--v k-a-c-w-... `-q-a-n--m-b-p-f-f a-p-d-h-n-f-n C-\-n F-{-X-I-m-e-w X-p-S-c-m-w..?

    \n-[nBA Political Science

    `-q-a-n A-X-n-\-m-b-n a-\-p-j-y C-t--h-s-c \-S--n-b t-]-m-c-m--s-a--m-w N-c-n-{-X-a-m-W-v. \-Z-n--c-b-n I-r-j-n-b-m-c-w-`-n--m-, c-m-P-y-m-X-n--n h--n--n--m-, \-n-e-\-n--m-, ]-n-S-n--S--m. `-q-a-n c-m-j-v-{-S-o-b-]-c-a-m-b k-t--X-a-m-W-v. C--y k-z-X-{--y-a-m-s-b--n-e-p-w `-q-a-n k-z--a-n--m- A-t-\-I-m-b-n-c- \-a-p--n-S-b-n D--v. C--y-b-n G--h-p-w a-n-I- c-o-X-n-b-n `-q ]-c-n-j-v-

    I-c-W ]--X-n-I \-S--n-e-m--n-b k-w--m-\--f-n G-s-d a-p--n-e-m-W-v t-I-c-f-w. P--n-b-p-s-S s-s-I-h-i-a-p--m-b-n-c-p- `-q-a-n ]-m-a-c--m--n-S-b-n-s-e--n-b-X-v `-q-]-c-n-j-v-I-c-W \-n-b-a--n-e-q-s-S B-b-n-c-p--t--m. B \-n-b-a-w ]-c-n-]-q-W A---n h-n-P-b-I-c-a-m-b-n-c-p-t--m ? \-n-b-a-w \-S--n-e-m-b-n A-d-p-]-X-m--n-\-S-p--v F--n \-n--p-t--m-, C-t--m-g-p-w `-q-a-n-b-n--m--h-c-p-s-S 64

    65hmjnIw 2015Kh {_ tImtfPv Xetcn

  • t-I-c-f--n C-u k-a-c--n-s- H-S-p-h-n-e-s- X-p-S--b-m-W-v \-n--v k-a-c-w. a-p---b-n-t-e-m a--v `-q-k-a-c--f-n-t-e-m \-I-n-b H--v X-o--v h-m-K-v-Z-m-\- I-m--n ]-d--n-b h--\-s--X-n-s-c B-b-n-c-p--p \-n--v k-a-c-w. \-q---X-n-e-[-n-I-w Z-n-h-k- k-a-c--m A-\--]-p-c-n-b-n '\-n--p'. ]-X-n-h-v t-]-m-s-e s-]-m-X-p c-m-j-v-{-S-n-b-w A-h-K-W-\ X-p-S--p. F-a-m-e N-n-e t-I-m-W-p-I-k-n \-n--v D-b- I-\- {-]-X-n-t-j-[- k-w-`-h-w i--a-m--n. B-Z-y Z-n-\--f-n \-n--w-K-X ]-m-e-n- k--m-c-n-\-v H-S-p-h-n k-a-c--m--v a-p--n a-p--v a-S-t---n-X-m-b-n h--p. `-q-]-c-n-j-v-I-c-W--n-e-p-w a--v B-Z-n-h-m-k-n ]--X-n-I-f-n-e-p-w \-I-n-b `-q-a-n b-Y-m- K-p-W-t-`-m--m-h-n F--n-b-n-c-p--n- F--X-n-s- s-X-f-n-h-m-W-v C-X-v. A-X-n-s-\ I-p-d-n--v h-n-i-Z-a-m-b-n ]T-n--m k--m-c-p-I a-\-k-p-s-h--W-w.

    ]--n--m B-h-n-. h-m-K-v-Z-m-\--f-n a-p--n t-]-m-b k--m-c-p-I-s--X-n-s-c C-u h-n-`-m-K-w {-]-X-o--t-b-m-s-S I-m--n-c-p--p. 2003 h-s-c. a-p-- b-Y-m---n \-m-f-p-I-f-m-b-n A-S--n s-h- \-n-c-m-i-b-p-s-S-b-p-w {-]-X-n-t-j-[--n-s--b-p-w B-s-I c-q-]-a-m-b-n-c-p--p. B-Z-n-h-m-k-n-I--v `-q-a-n \-I-m-w F- t-]-c-n A-h-c-n \-n--v c-m-{--n-b a-p-X-s-e-S-p--v \-S--p-I ]-X-n-h-m-b L---n-e-m-W-v a-p-- A-c-

    t--d-p--X-v. k--m-c-n-s-\-X-n-c-m-b {-]-X-n-t-j-[-w k-m-b-p-[-]-c-a-m-b-n-c-p--p F--X-m-W-v a-s--m-c-p {-]-t-X-y-I-X. I-e-m-]--n H-c-p- k-a-c--m-c-\-p-w H-c-p t-]-m-e-o-k-v H-m-^-o-k-d-p-w s-I-m--s---p. t-]-m-e-o-k-v 18 X-h-W \-n-d-s-b-m-g-n--p. `-q-]-c-n-j-v-I-c-W--n-\-p-w t-I-c-f K-h-s-a-n-\-p-w G- h-o-g-v-N-b-m-b-n a-p-- ]-n--o-S-v h-n-e-b-n-c-p--s---p. k-a-c--n-s- `-m-K-a-m-b-n `-q-a-n-e-`-y-a-m--m-w F--v k--m H-c-n- I-q-S-n

    a-p-d-h-n-f-n D-b-c-p--X-v t-I--m-w. t-I-c-f--n G-s-d I-p-s-d ]-m-f-n--I k-w-`-h-n--X-v B-Z-n-h-m-k-n t-a-J-e-I-f-n B-W-v. G-s-d ]-p-t-c-m-K-X-n {-]-m-]-n-s---v \-m-w h-n-e-b-n-c-p--p- C-u C-c-p-]--n-s-b-m--m-w \-q--m--v I- `-q-k-a-c-; a-p---, s-N--d-, \-n--v k-a-c-w C-h a-q--p-w \-S--n-b-X-v B-Z-n-h-m-k-n h-n-`-m-K- B-b-n-c-p--p. H-c-p P-\-X-s-b H-c-p k--m-c-n-\-v G-s-d--m-e-w

  • B-Z-n-h-m-k-n-I--v ` -q-a-n \-I-m-w F- t-]-c-n A-h-c-n \-n--v c-m-{--n-b a-p-X-s-e-S-p--v \-S--p-I ]-X-n-h-m-b L---n-e-m-W-v a-p-- A-c-t--d-p--X-v. k--m-c-n-s-\-X-n-c-m-b {-]-X-n-t-j-[-w k-m-b-p-[-]-c-a-m-b-n-c-p--p F--X-m-W-v a-s--m-c-p {-]-t-X-y-I-X. I-e-m-]--n H-c-p- k-a-c--m-c-\-p-w H-c-p t-]-m-e-o-k-v H-m-^-o-k-d-p-w s-I-m--s---p.

    6667hmjnIw 2015

    Kh {_ tImtfPv Xetcn

    t-a-m-l-n--n--p. s-]-m-X-p k-a-q-l--n-s- I-m-]-S-y-w s-h-f-n-h-m-b k-a-c--n s-]-m-X-p a-m-[-y-a- a-n- k-a-b--p-w ]-m-e-n- a-u-\-w A--l-X-y ]-c-a-m-b-n-c-p--p.C-X-n-s- c--m-w ]-X-n--m-b-n--m-W-v ]--\-w-X-n- P-n--b-n-s-e s-N--d-b--n 2007 \-S- `-q-k-a-c-w. l-m-c-n-k-k-v a-e-b-m-f-w -m-t--j-s- d-_-t--m--w s-s-I-t-b-d-n B-Z-n-h-m-k-n-I I-p-S-n s-I--n-b-t-X-m-s-S B-W-v {-]-i-v-\-w B-c-w-`-n--X-v. B-Z-n-h-m-k-n t-a-J-e-b-n `-q-a-n {-]-i-v-\- H-S-p--p--n- F--X-n-s- k-q-N-\ I-q-S-n-b-m-b-n C-u k-a-c-w. l-m-c-n-k a-e-b-m-f-w -m-t--j-\-p-w k-c--m `-q-a-n s-s-I-t-b-d-n-b-n-c-p--p F--X-m-W-v C-X-n-s-e h-n-N-n-{-X-a-m-b a-s--m-c-p h-k-v-X-p-X. B k-a-b--v F-g-p--p-I-m-c-n-b-p-w k-m-a-q-l-y {-]-h--I-b-p-a-m-b A-c-p--X-n t-d-m-b-v

    C-{-]-I-m-c-w A-`-n-{-]-m-b-s---p. " l-m-c-n-k `-q-a-n s-s-I-t-b-d-n-b-t--m B-c-p-w h-m--b-m--n-b-n--, B-c-p-w {-]-i-v-\-a-m--n-b-n--, B-Z-n-h-m-k-n-I s-s-I-t-b-d-n-b-t- C-X-v c--p-w k-w-`-h-n--p." `-q-]-c-n-j-v-I-c-W-w s-a--s-- c-o-X-n-b-n \-S--n-b a-s--m-c-p k-w--m-\-w ]--n-a _-w-K-m B-b-n-c-p--p. G-X-m--v C-t-X I-m-e-b-f-h-n S-m--b-p-s-S I-p- I-m \-n--m-W I---\-n--m-b-n \--n-{-K-m-a-n-e-p-w k-n-w-K-q-c-n-e-p-w I-j-I-s-c s-]-c-p-h-g-n-b-n-e-n-d--n-b-X-p-w. t-I-c-f--n C-u k-a-c--n-s- H-S-p-h-n-e-s- X-p-S--b-m-W-v \-n--v k-a-c-w. a-p---b-n-t-e-m a--v `-q-k-a-c--f-n-t-e-m \-I-n-b H--v X-o--v h-m-K-v-Z-m-\- I-m--n ]-d--n-b h--\-s--X-n-s-c B-b-n-c-p--p \-n--v k-a-c-w. \-q---X-n-e-[-n-I-w Z-n-h-

    k- k-a-c--m A-\--]-p-c-n-b-n '\-n--p'. ]-X-n-h-v t-]-m-s-e s-]-m-X-p c-m-j-v-{-S-n-b-w A-h-K-W-\ X-p-S--p. F-a-m-e N-n-e t-I-m-W-p-I-k-n \-n--v D-b- I-\- {-]-X-n-t-j-[- k-w-`-h-w i--a-m--n. B-Z-y Z-n-\--f-n \-n--w-K-X ]-m-e-n- k--m-c-n-\-v H-S-p-h-n k-a-c--m--v a-p--n a-p--v a-S-t---n-X-m-b-n h--p. `-q-]-c-n-j-v-I-c-W--n-e-p-w a--v B-Z-n-h-m-k-n ]--X-n-I-f-n-e-p-w \-I-n-b `-q-a-n b-Y-m- K-p-W-t-`-m--m-h-n F--n-b-n-c-p--n- F--X-n-s- s-X-f-n-h-m-W-v C-X-v. A-X-n-s-\ I-p-d-n--v h-n-i-Z-a-m-b-n ]T-n--m k--m-c-p-I a-\-k-p-s-h--W-w. {-]-i-v-\- H-S-p--p--n-. `-q-a-n--m-b-p- \-n-e-h-n-f-n C-t--m-g-p-w X-p-S--v s-I-m--n-c-n--p--p.

  • C-c-p--p X-m-g-p-I D-u-c-n-s-h--h ]-q--m-s-\-m-c-p--p-t--m -!-!-!-!

    A-\p{io {io-Ip-amBA Philosophy

  • Before I give my body,I must give my thoughts, my minel,my dreams. And you werenthaving any of those Sylvia Plath \-n-i-_-v-Z-a-m--m \-n-c--c-w {-i-a-n--p-t--m-g-p-w ]-p-X-p X-e-a-p-d k-a-c-k-s--S-m X--m-d--, k-a-c-w X-s--b-m-W-v P-o-h-n-X-w F- k-t--i-w \-n-c--c-w B-h--n--s--S-p-I-b-m-W-v. \--p-s-S s-X-c-p-h-p-X-w C-t--m-g-p-w i-_-v-Z-a-p-J-c-n-X-a-m-W-v. X-o ]-n-S-n- s-X-c-p-h-p-I-f-n `-q-X-I-m-e--n-s- X-m-]-\-n-e-b-n-s---n-e-p-w k-v-a-c-W-n-I t-]-m-s-e C-S-b-v--n-s-S ]-p-I D-b-c-p--p. \-h k-a-c--f-p-s-S ]--n-I-b-v--v \-o-f-w I-q-S-p--p--v. k-a-c--f-p-s-S \-o- ]--n-I-b-n {-i-t--b-a-m-b-n-c-p--p-, N-p-w-_-\ k-a-c-w. t-I-c-f--n-s- a-n- \-K-c--f-n-e-p-w N-p-w-_-\-w X-o ]-n-S-n--n--p. k-a-c-w i-c-n-b-m-W-v/s-X--m-W-v F- N- C-t--m-g-p-w k-P-o-h-a-m-W-v. ^-m-k-n-k--n-s-\-X-n-s-c N-p-w-_-\-a-m-W-v a-d-p-]-S-n F- a-p-

    {-Z-m-h-m-I-y-w D-b--n \-S--n-b k-a-c-w t-I-c-f--n k-r-j-v-S-n- A-e-s-b-m-e-n-I s-N-d-p-X-. 'c--p t-] N-p-w-_-n--p-t--m t-e-m-I-w a-m-d-p--p.' F- H-I-v-t-S-m-h-n-t-b-m ]-m-k-n-s- h-c-n-I D-b--p- c-m-j-v-{-S-n-b k-m-[-y-X C-u k-a-c--f-n-e-p-w k-P-o-h-a-m-W-v. C-u N-p-w-_-\ k-a-c--n-e-q-s-S s-h-f-n-h-m--s-- i-c-o-c-k-m-[-y-X-I F-{-X-t--m-f-w B-W-v? N-p-w-_-n--p-t--m ]-q--p-e- ]-q-h--n-I G-X-m-W-v? X--n s-I-m-g-n- I-c- G-X-v? k-a-q-l-w C-{-X-t-b-s-d ]-p-t-c-m-K-a-n--n--p-w \-q--m--p-I ]-g--a-p- N-n-e t-_-m-[- / I-]-S h-n-i-z-m-k- C-t--m-g-p-w \--s-f ]-n--p-S-c-p--p--v. k-v-{-X-o F--p-w H-c-p c--m-I-n-S k-a-q-l-a-m-b-n I-m-W-m-\-m-W-v F-t--m-g-p-w k-m--c a-e-b-m-f-n k-a-q-l-w {-i-a-n--n--p--X-v. A-S-p--f-b-n \-n--v A-c--s---n-F--v ]-d-b-p-t--m-g-p-w a-m-\-k-n-I-a-m-b-n A-X-n-t-\-m-S-v s-F-I-y-s--S-m C-h-n-S-p-s- `-q-c-n-]- ]-p-c-p-j-t-a-[-m-h-n-X-z-w H-c-n--e-p-w X--m-d-m-b-n--n-. G-s-X--n-e-p-w H-c-p

    ]-p-c-p-j c-q-]--n-s- (A-/`--m-h-v/a-I-) \-n-g-e-n A-X-n P-o-h-n--p-I F- A-h--b-n A-X-v F-s- i-c-o-c-a-m-W-v F- k-z-m-X-{--y {-]-J-y-m-]-\-w B-b-n-c-p--p N-p-w-_-\ k-a-c-w D-b--n-b {-]-[-m-\ c-m-j-v-{-S-n-b k-m-[-y-X-I-f-n H--v. I-m-g-v-N h-k-v-X-p F- t-I-h-e k-m-[-y-X B-W-t--m k-v-{-X-o--v \-n-e-h-n-s-e k-a-q-l-w N-m--n-b B-S-b-m-`-c-W-w. N-c--v (commodity) F- h-m--v t-]-m-e-p-w k-v-X-o-e-n-w-K-a-m-b-X-v A--c--n-e-m-W-t--m.

    6869hmjnIw 2015

    Kh {_ tImtfPv Xetcn

  • P-b-v-l-n--v S-n.h-n. b-p-s-S ]-p-c-p-j t-I-{--o-I-r-X I--p-I-, t-I-m-g-n-t--m-S-v U-u S-u t-l-m--e-n F--n t-\-m--n-b-X-v a-p-X-e-m-W-v t-I-c-f--n N-p--p-I--v k-a-c-w \-S--m X-o ]-I--X-v. C-u k-a-c--n ]-s--S-p- k-v-{-X-o-I-t-f-m-s-S--m-w t-N-m-Z-n- t-N-m-Z-y-w "\-n-s--s-b-m--p-w h-o--n B-W-p- B-c-p-a-n-s--S-n?" F--m-b-n-c-p--p. C-\-n ]-p-c-p-j-P-\--t-f-m-S-v t-N-m-Z-n--X-v "\-n-s- A--t-b-t-b-m s-]--

    t-f-t-b-m C--c-w k-a-c--n A-W-n-\-n-c--p-a-m-b-n-c-p-t--m?" F--m-b-n-c-p--p. s-]-m-X-p k-a-q-l-w C-t--m-g-p-w I-m--p-k-q--n--p- ]-p-c-p-j-t-a-[-m-h-n-X-z--n-s- a-p-d-h-n-f-n X-s--b-m-b-n-c-p--p C-X-v. k-v-{-X-o ]-o-U-\--n-\-n-c-b-m-b-, a-m-\-`-w-K--n-\-n-c-b-m-b s-]-I-p--n-s-b t-\-m--n t-I-g-p- ]-p-c-p-j-h-r--w-, A-h X--m-d-m--n-b N---q-S-n-\-v ]-p-d--v I-q-S-n k--c-n--p- s-]-I-p--n-s-b X-p-d-n--v t-\-m--w s-I-m--v t-\-c-n-S-p-

    I-b-m-W-v ]-X-n-h-v. C-c-p--n H--b-v--v \-S--p- s-]-I-p--n-I B I--n t-a-m-i--m-c-m-h-p--X-p-w A-t--m-g-m-W-v.k-v-{-X-o h-n-t-a-m-N-\--n-s- h-m-X-m-b-\- C-X-n-b-p-w X-p-d--s--t-S--X-m-b-n--p--v. N-p-w-_-n- N-p--p-I a-p-d-h-n-f-n I-q--p--X-v-, N-n-d-I-v a-p-f--v-, B-I-m-i-s- A-X-n-c-p-I-f-m--n-b ]-p-X-n-b k-v-{-X-o-s-b-b-m-W-v--!

  • a-X-n-t-e-m-f-wh-f-c-p-I-b--,a-X-n-e-n-\-p-t--m-f-wN-p-c-p--p-I-b-t-{-X

    a-X-n-e-p-s-I--p--h-t-c-m-S-v-,..

    a--p-a-m--n-I _-e-m-k-w-L-ws-N--p-s-a--v `-b--n--m-I-m-w

    C-S-h-]-m-X-n-b-n-e-p-w I-c-b-m-s-X\-n-f a-c-h-n--n-c-n--p--X-v.

    \-n-f

    A-`n-Pn-v Zn-t\iBA Philosophy

    jn-Pn F.FBSc Chemistry

    7071hmjnIw 2015

    Kh {_ tImtfPv Xetcn

  • C--n \-n--p-w `-q-X-I-m-e--n-t-e--vI-S--p h--n-I-t-f-s-d-b-m-s-W--n-e-p-w

    H-c-p \-o--m-e-p-t-]-m-e-p-w A-h-t-i-j-n--m-X-n-c-n-s- A-h-a-m-{-X-s-a--n-\-m-W-n--s-\....!?

    H-S-p-h-n

    Ir-jv-W-{]-kmZvBA English

  • k-v-{-X-o k-z-m-X-{--w C--v G--h-p-w I-q-S-p-X N--m-h-n-j-b-h-p-w {-]-m-t-b-m-K-n-I-a-m-b-n-s-I-m--n-c-n--p- b-m-Y-m-X-y-a-m-W-v. ]-p-c-p-j-t-a-[-m-h-n-X-z-w-, k-m-a-q-l-n-I ]--m--e-w-, k-m---n-I `-{-Z-X-b-n--m-b-v-a F--n-h F--m-I-m-e-L---n-e-p-w k-v-{-X-o-s-b a-d-b-v--p-S-b-v--p--n \-n--p-I-b-m-W-p--m-b-n--p--X-v. h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k ]-p-t-c-m-K-X-n-, k-m-a-q-l-n-I-m-h--b-n-e-p--m-b a-m--w X-p-S--n-b \-t-h-m--m-\ ]-c-a-m-b a-m-- h-o--p-w k-v-{-X-o k-z-m-

    X-{--s- N--e-I-f-n \-n--v t-a-m-N-n--n--m {-i-a-n--p-s-I-m--n-c-n--p-I-b-m-W-v.k-v-{-X-o-k-z-m-X-{--w C-{-X-t--m-f-w {-]-m-[-m-\-y-a-l--p- k-m-l-N-c-y--n 2000 A-[-n-I-w h-n-Z-y-m--n-I ]T-n--p--, A-X-n G--h-p-a-[-n-I-w s-]-I-p--n-I ]T-n--p- {-_- t-I-m-t-f-P-v G-X-p c-o-X-n-b-n k-v-{-X-o k-z-m-X-{--s- t-\-m--n-I-m-W-p--p-, A-w-K-o-I-c-n--p--p F--p--X-v ]T-\-h-n-j-b-a-m-t---p- H-c-p h-k-v-X-p-X-b-m-W-v. {-_- t-I-m-t-f-P-v N-c-n-{-X--n-s- X-m-f-p-I-f-n B-t-e-J-\-w s-N-b-v-s-X-m-t-c-S-m-W-t--m. F-t-U-z-U-v {-_- 1862 {-_- k-v-I-q -m-]-n--n-t--m-g-p-w A-X-v 1890 {-_- t-I-m-t-f-P-m-b-n H-c-p a-n-I- I-e-m-e-b-a-m-b-n a-m-d-n-b-t--m-g-p-w A-t--l-w t-]-m-e-p-w h-n-N-m-c-n--n-c-n--n- C-h-n-s-S C-{-X-b-[-n-I-w k-v-{-X-o {-]-m-X-n-\-n-X-y-w--s-]-I-c-p--v D--m-h-p-s-a--v. k-v-{-X-o-s-b A-{-X-t--m-f-w A-S-n--a--n-b H-c-n-c-p--I-m-e-L---n-e-q-s-S-b-m-W-t--m \--p-s-S ]-n-a-p-d--m \-S--p-\-o--n-b-

    X-p-w k-v-a-r-X-n-b-n-e-W--X-p-w. H-c-p s-]-I-p--n-b-v--v F--m A-h-I-m-i- k-w-c--n--m-s---p-w-, k-z-m-X-{--a-\-p-`-h-n--p-w ]T-n--m-\-p- k-m-l-N-c-y- k-r-j-v-S-n--s--S-p- C-u I-e-m-e-b-h-p-w a--p ]-e I-e-m-e-b--f-p-w A-h--v ]-q--a-m-b k-p-c--n-X-X-z-w C-u k-a-I-m-e-n-I I-e-m-e-b-m--c-o---n \-n-e-\-n-I-p--p-t--m?{-_- t-I-m-t-f-P-n-s- a-X-n-s-I--n-\-p--n \-n--p-b--p-h-c-p- k-v-{-X-o k-z-m-X-{--t-_-m-[-w-, h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-w A-X-h C-u I-e-m-e-b--n X-s- D-t-]--n--p t-]-m-h-p-I-b-m-t-? I-e-m-e-b-w b-Y-m-Y--n k-a-q-l--n-s- F--m k-z-`-m-h--s-f-b-p-w D-s-I-m--p- {-]-X-n-\-n-[-o-I-c-n--p- H-c-p c-q-]-t-`-Z-a-m-s-W--p ]-d-b-m-w. F--m C-h-n-s-S \-n--p-b--p h-c-p- a-m-\-h-n-I-X-b-p-w A-X-n-\-p-I-c-p--p ]-I-c-p- b-p-h-X-z-s-a- D-u-P-h-p-w I-p-d--[-n-I-a-m-W-v F--p a-m-{-X-w. {-_--s- k-P-o-h c-m-j-v-{-S-o-b--n-e-p-w I-e-m-I-m-b-n-I-c-w-K--f-n-e-p-w i--a-m-b s-]-I-

    7273hmjnIw 2015

    Kh {_ tImtfPv Xetcn

    kp-Jn sIMSc Bottony

    kv{Xo kzm-X{w {_-\n

    {-_--\-n F--m h-n-Z-y-m--n-I-f-p-w A-d-n-b-m- A-d-n--n-c-n-t---p-s--m-c-p b-m-Y-m-X-y-a-p--v-, a-n-I- ]T-\-\-n-e-h-m-c-w ]-p-e--p- X-p-S--p ]T-n-b-v--m B-{-K-l-n--p- ]-e h-n-Z-y-m--n-\-n-I--p-w k-m---n-I {-]-i-v-\--s-I-m--p-w I-e-y-m-W-s-a- _-m--y-X-b-p-s-S t-]-c-n-e-p-w ]-m-X-n h-g-n-b-n ]T-\-w D-t-]--n-t---n-h-c-p--p. \-n-d-I--p-I-f-p-a-m-b-n A-h I-e-m-e-b--n-t-\-m-S-p-b-m-{-X ]-d-b-p-t--m A-X-n-\-p-{-X-h-m-Z-n-I-f-m-b k-a-q-l--n-s- I--n-I-f-m-b \--t-f-m-t-c-m-c-p--c-p-w A-h-s-f-s-b-m-c-p \-n-h-n-I-m-c-P-o-h-n-b-m-b-n I-m-W-p-I-b-m-W-v s-N--p--X-v. \--s-f- s-]-m-X-p-k-a-q-l--n-s- ]-n-S-n-h-m-i-n-I-f-m-W-n-X-n-\-p-I-m-c-W-w. A--y-m-]-I-t-c-b-p-w I-p--s--S-p-t---n-b-n-c-n--p--p I-m-c-W-w-, h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k ]-c-a-m-b-n D-b- X--n-e-p- A-h--v ]-e-X-p-w s-N--m I-g-n-b-p-s-a--n-e-p-w A-h-c-p-w I--p-I a-q-S-n-s---n-b-n-c-n--p-I-b-m-W-v.

  • c-p--v {-]-I-S-a-m-W-v. h-n-t-i-j-n--v I-m-b-n-I-t-a-J-e-b-n I-]-I-p--n-I--v X-s--X-m-b h-y--n-a-p-{-Z ]-X-n-b-v--m k-m-[-n--n--p--v. F--m I-m-e-L---f-n-e-p-w A-]-e-s-b--v a-p-{-Z-I-p--s-- k-v-{-X-o I-m-b-n-I-t-a-J-e-b-n t-\-- s-I-m--p-t--m A-h a-m-\-N-k-n-I X-e--n-e-p-w i-m-c-o-c-n-I X-e--n-e-p-w ]-p-c-p-j-s-\-m--a-m-W-v F--v s-X-f-n-b-n--p-I-b-m-W-v. _-e-l-o-\-b-m-b-, A-]-e-b-m-b k-v-{-X-o F- I-m-g-v---m-S-v {-_--s- s-]-I-c-p--v A-h-n-s-S

    X-n-c-p--n-s-b-g-p-X-p--p.h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-]-c-a-m-b-p-w {-_--\-n s-]-I-p--n-I a-n-I- \-n-e-h-m-c-w ]-p-e--p--p. D--X h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k--n-\-p-X-I-p- c-o-X-n-b-n-e-p- a-n-I- h-n-P-b-w s-s-I-h-c-n-b-v--m X-o--b-m-b-p-w k-m-[-n--n--p--v A-X-v X-p-S--p-s-I-m--n-c-n--p--p-a-p--v. t-k-h-\ a-t-\-m-`-m-h-w F-S-p--p ]-d-t-b- a-s--m-c-p h-k-v-X-p-X-b-m-W-v. a-n-I- h-y--n-X-z--s-f k-r-j-v-S-n--p- t-k-h-\-c-w-K--f-m-b NSS, NCC F--n-h-b-n

    a-n-I- {-]-h--\-w I-m-g-v--h-b-v--p--h-c-m-W-v {-_--\-n-s-e h-n-Z-y-m--n-\-n-I. ]-n-s- G-X-v A-f-h-p-t-I-m-e-n-e-m-W-v k-v-{-X-o ]-p-c-p-j-t-\--m ]-n-t--m--a-m-s-W--v A-f-b-v--s---X-v. G--h-p-w ]-c-n-l-m-k-y-]-c-a-m-b I-m-c-y-w F-s---p h--m-, H-c-p s-]-I-p--n-b-p-s-S P-\-\-w a-p-X a-c-W-w h-s-c A-h ]-e-c-p-s-S-b-p-w k-w-c--W-b-n-e-m-W-v A--s--, A--b-p-s-S-, A--m-h-s--, t-P-y-j-v-S-s--, A-\-p-P-s--, `--m-h-n-s--, a--f-p-s-S ]-t-

  • G--h-p-w I-q-S-p-X {-]-i-v-\- t-\-c-n-t-S--n h-c-p--X-p-w A-t-X k-v-{-X-o-b-v--p-X-s--b-m-W-v-, B-c-m-W-v s-X--p-I-m ? k-a-q-l-a-m-t-W-m A-t-X-m I-p-S-p-w-_-t-a-m-, F--n-\-m-W-v s-]-I-p--n-I--v C-{-X-b-[-n-I-w k-w-c--W--n-s- _--\-. k-z-X-{--a-m-b-n N-n--n--m-\-p-w ]T-n-b-v--m-\-p-w P-o-h-n-b-v--m-\-p-a-p- I-g-n-h-v ]-p-c-p-j-\-p X-p-e-y-a-m-b-n A-s---n I-p-d--[-n-I-a-m-b-n X-s- k-v-{-X-o-b-v--p-w D--t--m.{-_--s- A-I--f--f-n \-n--v s-]-I-p--n-I-f-p-s-S B--s-] k-u-l-r-Z--f-p-s-S s-]-m--n--n-c-n-I-f-p-w {-]-W-b--n-s- X-o-{-h-X-b-p-w I-p-d--p-I-q-S-n I-m-t-X-m--m \-n-i-_-v-Z-a-m-b H--\-h-[-n-K-Z-v-K-Z--f-p-w t-I--m-w. {-_--\-n F--m h-n-Z-y-m--n-I-f-p-w A-d-n-b-m- A-d-n--n-c-n-t---p-s--m-c-p b-m-Y-m-X-y-a-p--v-, a-n-I- ]T-\-\-n-e-h-m-c-w ]-p-e--p- X-p-S--p ]T-n-b-v--m B-{-K-l-n--p- ]-e h-n-Z-y-m--n-\-n-I--p-w k-m---n-I {-]-i-v-\--s-I-m--p-w I-e-y-m-W-s-a- _-m--y-X-b-p-s-S

    t-]-c-n-e-p-w ]-m-X-n h-g-n-b-n ]T-\-w D-t-]--n-t---n-h-c-p--p. \-n-d-I--p-I-f-p-a-m-b-n A-h I-e-m-e-b--n-t-\-m-S-p-b-m-{-X ]-d-b-p-t--m A-X-n-\-p-{-X-h-m-Z-n-I-f-m-b k-a-q-l--n-s- I--n-I-f-m-b \--t-f-m-t-c-m-c-p--c-p-w A-h-s-f-s-b-m-c-p \-n-h-n-I-m-c-P-o-h-n-b-m-b-n I-m-W-p-I-b-m-W-v s-N--p--X-v. \--s-f- s-]-m-X-p-k-a-q-l--n-s- ]-n-S-n-h-m-i-n-I-f-m-W-n-X-n-\-p-I-m-c-W-w. A--y-m-]-I-t-c-b-p-w I-p--s--S-p-t---n-b-n-c-n--p--p I-m-c-W-w-, h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k ]-c-a-m-

    b-n D-b- X--n-e-p- A-h--v ]-e-X-p-w s-N--m I-g-n-b-p-s-a--n-e-p-w A-h-c-p-w I--p-I a-q-S-n-s---n-b-n-c-n--p-I-b-m-W-v.s-s-e-w-K-n-I-X--s-s-e-w-K-n-I ]-c-a-m-b N-q-j-W-w C-u k-a-I-m-e-n-I k-a-q-l--n k-m--c-t-I-c-f--n k-v-{-X-o t-\-c-n-S-p- H-c-p h-e-n-b s-h--p-h-n-f-n-b-m-W-v. I-e-m-e-b k-m-l-N-c-y--n A-X-v F-{-X-t--m-f-w D-s---v X-n-c-n--d-n-b-m I-g-n-b-p--n-. s-k-I-v-k-v d-m---p-I-f-p-s-S-b-p-w a--p-w s-s-I-I-f-n A-I-s--S-p- t-I-m-t-f-P-v h-n-Z-y-m--n-\-n-I-s-f--p-d-n--v h-n-h-n-[ a-m-[-y-a--f-n-e-q-s-S \- t-I--p--X-m-W-v. \--p-s-S {-_- t-I-m-t-f-P-v -n-X-n-s-N--p- [--S--v C-u A-S-p--n-s-S H-c-p 13 h-b-k-p-I-m-c-n {-I-q-c-a-m-b-n s-s-e-K-n-I-N-q-j-W--n-\-v C-c-b-m-b-n {-]-X-n-I--v P-o-h-]-c-y--w X-S-h-p-i-n--e-`-n--n--p--v. ]-t--, A-X-v B _-m-e-y--n-t-\- a-p-d-n-h-p-W--n--t--m?. B s-]-I-p--n-b-p-s-S _-m-e-y-, I-u-a-m-c-, b-u-h-\ I-m-e-L---f-n F--n-\-v h-m-[-I-y--n t-]-m-e-p-w B Z-p-c--w t-h--b-m-S-n-t-? k-v-{-X-o

    7475hmjnIw 2015

    Kh {_ tImtfPv Xetcn

    {-]-m-b ]-q--n-b-m-b H-c-p s-]-I-p--n-b-v--v I--y-m-W-w H-c-p \-m--p-\-S--m-W-v. h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-I-m-e--v U-n-{-K-n-, P.G. X-e--f-n h--v H--\-h-[-n s-]-I-p--n-I k-z--w X-m-]-c-y--n-e-p-w h-o--p-I-m-c-p-s-S \-n-_---n-\-p h-g--n-b-p