kpp \a-kvImcw

\n_( ) \a-kvIm-c- n\p ]pdsa Nne \a-kvIm-c- sFOnI ED ambp-apv. \n_--am \-a-kvImcwaptJ\ IqSp- X ssZhnI {]Xn-^ew Ic--am-pI, \n_-- \-a-kvIm-c-n kw`-hn-p sshI-ey-]cn-l-cn-pI, hnizm-knv Am-lp-hp- ambn IqSp-X ASp-hpw _hpw km[n-pI apX-em-b-h-bmWv AXp-hgnt\Sm-\p-Xv. \_n (k) ]d--Xmbn A_q-lp-ssdd (d) D-cn-pp:

]]fi$`^ - a - $$^mv^g]$^em]n^^`]$me%^j`^[^ki^$jfki^$^]j`^n^^V]]afi_%^i_%^Vi%]fmji_%$$i]^oEe]D

(Ay-\m-fn a\p-jysc hnNm-cW sN-p Imcy--fn BZy tXv \a-kvIm-c-amWv. \psS \mY Ahv\-t]mse Adn-bm- hp--tXm-sSmw ae-p-I-tfmSv ]dbpw: Fs ASn-a-bpsS \a-kvImcw Ah ]qW-ambn\nh-ln- n-p-tm, AtXm Ipdhp hcp- n-bn-p tm Fp ]cn-tim-[n-p-I. AXp ]qW-sa-n Ah\p ]qW-Ia -ambn tcJ-s-Sppw. AXn h Ipdhpw hn-p-s-n Amlp ]dbpw: Fs ASn-av h sFOnI (\a-kvImc)hpw Dtm Fv ]cn-tim-[n-pI. Ahv sFOnI(\a-kvImc)aps-n Amlp ]d-bpw: AhssFOn-I-\-a-kvImcw FSpv Ahs ^Znse Ipdhv \nI- pI. ]ns ap Ia-fpw AX-\p-k-cnv ]cn-K-Wnpw.)

honkpp \a-kvImcw hon shm-hp--XmWv Daw. \_n (k) ]d--Xmbn Pm_n (d) D-cn-pp.

]$ou]$rnrfnjnf^i$]#$q$q^enjin]Eu(D

(\n-fn-emscnepw ]n-bn shv \a-kvI-cn-pp-sh-n hon\pw \a-kvIm-c-n Hcp hnlnXw Ah\n-bn-s. ImcWw Amlp \a-kvImcw hgn Ahs hon \ hcppw). ^Zp- \-a-kv Im-c-p appwtij-hp-ap dhm-Xn_p kp- p-I \_n (k) hon-em-bn-cpp \a-kvI-cn- n-cp--sXv lZo-Yp-I-fn\nv {Klnmw.

\on \a-kvI-cn-p-Xv Dawkpv \a-kvImcw Jp-B ]mcm-b-Whpw ZnIvdp-Ifpw ZoLn- n p \a-kvI-cn-p--XmWv Daw. Gw t{ijvT-Iaw

GXv F tNmZy n\v ]n^ (\ndpw ZoLn- n- \a-kvImcw) FmWv \_n (k) Hcn- adp-]Sn \In-bXv.tIhew ( _ ), A\p-_w ( n ) Cs\ kpv \a-kvImcw cphn[-apv. ^Zp \a-kvIm-c-tmSp

tN-X-m {Kl-W- \-a-kv Imcw, ag- tX-Sp \a-kvImcw XpS-n-b-h-bmWv tIh-e- \-a-kvIm-c- . ^Zv\a-kvIm-c--tfmSp tNphcp--XmWv A\p-_-- kp-- p-I. ]]]if Fpw ]]ig Fpw AXn\v t]cpv.

I dhm-Xn_p kpv:{]_-e-amb dhm-Xn_p kpv ]v dIv-A-mWv. C_v\p Dadn (d) \nv Camw _pJmcn dntmv sNbvX

lZo-YmWv sXfnhv.

uk]f($o]#n$^lVjnf]%`jnea^jne]henjjne]^enjjnf]%fxE]f^D

(\_n(k)bn\nv Rm ]p dIvAv \a-kvImcw {Kln- p: fplvdn\papv cv, tijw cv, aKvcn-_n\ptijwhonshv cv. Cim-Cv tijw honshv cv. kp_vlv \a-kvIm-c- n\papv cv.) Ah-bpsS IqSp-X hnh-cWw Xmsg.

1. kp_vln\p apv:kp_vlv \a-kvIm-c- n\papv cp dIv-Av {]_-e-amb kp- mWv. AXp kw_-nv \_n (k) ]d--Xmbn

Bbni (d) D-cn- pp.

qn^Eu((]jD n^ $]% ug% a^(apgp-h Zpbm-hnepw Gsd F\nv CjvSw B cv dIv-A- m Wv.) kp_vlns kpv \_n (k) A[nIw

ZoLn- n- n-cp-n. Cu kp- n BZys dIv-A- n ^mXn-lbvp ]pdsa ]^ kqdxbpw cm-a-t-Xn ] kqdxbpamWv \_n (k) HmXn-bncp- -sX-sXv Bbni (d) \nth-Z\w sNbvX lZo-Yn-epv.

bm{X-I-fn t]mepw \_n Cu \a-kvImcw Hgn-hm-n-bn-cp-n. kabw sshIn-b-Xn-\m kp_vln\p apv CXv\a-kvI-cn-m Ign- n-s-n kp_vlv \a-kvIm-c-n\ptijw kqcy DZn-p-I-gn - n-m-bmepw AXp\nh-ln-m-hp--XmWv.

2. fplvdn\p appw ]npw:fplvdn\p appw ]npw cp dIv-Av hoXw {]_-e-amb kp - mWv. C_v\p Da (d) ]d-bpp.

^k]#"#mjnf]%`jnea^EuD(fplvdn\papv cpw tijw cpw dIv-Av Hcp Imc-W-h-imepw Dt]-n-m-Xn-cn -pI F-Xm-bn-cpp

\_n(k)bpsS \a-kvIm-c- coXn.) fplvdn\papv \mepw tijw cpw dIv-Av \a-kvI-cn- -Xmbpw lZo-Yn hn-pv.

3. aKvcn-_n\pw Cim-C\pw tijw:aKvcn-_n\pw Cim-C\pw tijw cp dIv-Av hoXw {]_-e-amWv. apIfn D-cn C_v\p Da-dns lZokv

ImWpI. aKvcn-_n\pw Cim-C\pw appw cv dIv-Av hoXw kp- pv. AXv {]_-e-a. \_n (k) ]d--XmbnA_vZp-m-ln_v\p apK-^ v^ D-cn-pp.

%]f]h%]f]h=$$^]%^%V^E]f^D(aKvcn -_n\papv \a-kvI-cn -pI, aKvcn-_n\papv \a-kvI-cn -pI. aqm-as XhW \_n (k) ]dp:

CjvS-ap--hv.)Cu \a-kvIm-c--fn kp_vln\papv cv, fplvdn\v apv cpw tijw cpw, aKvcn -_n\p tijw cv,

Cim-C\ptijw cv Cs\ ]v dIv-A- mWv {]_ew. kpv \mep- d-Iv-Av \a-kvI-cn-p -tm CucpdIv-Av \a-kvI-cnv kemw sNmp--XmWv Daw.

4. Akzvdn\p apvAkv \a-kvIm-c- n\papv \mep dIv-Av kp- pv. \_n (k) ]d--Xmbn C_v\p-D-a (d) D-cn-pp.

]$of]e^Eu(e](]jD u]](Akzdn\p apv \mep dIv-Av \a-kvI-cn- -hs\ Amlp A\p- {K-ln-p-am-dm-Is!) apI-fn-ep--cn lZo-Yn Cu

\mep dIv-A- p-I ]cm-ain- n-n-m- -Xn-\m {]_-e-amb dhm-Xn_p kp- p-I-fn Ah Ds]-Sp-n.

II. hnXv \a-kvImcwH FmWv "hnXv' F ]Z-n-\Yw. H dIv-A-n Ah-km- \n-p-p F-XmWv Cu \a-kvIm-c-n\v

As\ t]cp hcm Imc Ww. CimAv -\-a-kvIm-c- n\ptijw kp_vlv hsc-bmWv hnXvdns kabw. cm{Xn-bpsSAh-km-\- bm-a- n Dd--ap-Wv AXp \nh ln-p--XmWv IqSp-X Daw. cm{Xn Ipsd t\cw Dd-n-b-tijwFgp-tv \a-kvI-cn-p--Xn\v Xl-qZv ( i`r ) Fv ]d-bpp. Fm cm{Xn Ah-km\w DW-cp-savXo-bn-m- -h Ddpw apv \a-kvI-cn--emWv \Xv. Aen (d) ]d-bpp.

$]inevji]je]#"#i$$^Vm^a]li]$]#imvg%]iEuD

(^Zp- \-a-kvImcw t]mse \n_--ap H hnXv. Fm \_n (k) hnXv \a-kvI-cn- n-pv. ]ns \_n(k) ]dp: Jp- B-\ns A\p-bm-bn-Itf, \n hnXv \a-kvI-cn-pI. ImcWw Amlp Hcp-h-\mWv. Ah HCjvS-s-Spp). hnXv \a-kvImcw Hp-ap-X ]Xn-s\mp dIv-A- p-hsc BImw. cv dIv-Av hoXw \a-kvI-cnv kemw sNmpI.

HSp-hn Hcp dIv- Av \a-kvI-cn-pI. CXmWv hnXvdns coXn. CSbvv kemw sNmm sX HSp-hn-es aqpw ApwdIv-A- p-I \_n (k) Nnetmsg- nepw Hnp \a-kvI-cn- -Xmbpw lZo-Yp-I-fn-epv.hnXv \a-kvIm-c- n \_n (k) ZoL-ambn Jp-B ]mcm-bWw sNbvXn-cp--Xmbn lZo-Yp-I-fn ImWmw. aqv

dIv-A-v hnXv \a-kv I-cn-p--h Xmsg lZo-Yn ]d-bp kqd-p-I HmXp-Xv kp- mWv. Bbni (d)]d-bpp.

^]#"#m]$]of(x]e(]o]%$^nm^m%`^]^]%$^%a]$u]$inEu(e](]jD

(\_n (k) BZy-d-Iv-A- n fx]e]o F kqdxbpw cm-a-t-Xn m^m`^]^ F kqdxbpwaqm-a-t-Xn

a]u(]in kqd-I-fp-amWv HmXn-bn-cp--Xv.)

hnXvdnse Jp\qXvda-Zm-\nse Ah-km\ ]Ip-Xn-bn hnXvdnse Ah-km-\ -d-Iv -A-n se CA-vXn-Zm-en Jp\qXv kp-mWv.

A_q-Zm-hqZv D-cn-pp:

$e]_^hq]$^oe(eg^m(`mnmk$](]f^^Ee]D

(Da (d) D_-p-_v\p- I-A-v_ns t\Xr-Xz-n P\-sf kwL- Sn-np. Atlw Ccp-]Xp Znhkw Ahv\a-kvIm-c- n\v t\XrXzw \Ip-am-bn-cpp. da-Zm-\ns tijn ]mXn-bnte Atlw Jp\qv \nhln- n-cp-pq.)hnXv \a-kvIm-cm-\- cw fv^]]% Fv aqpXhW, aqmw XhW i_vZ-ap-bn ]d-bp-Xv

k p - m W v . ] n s h%]]%| Fpw, ]no-Sv Cu {]m--Y-\bpw kp-- mWv.

]#`$(e^_(e^^iejeu$^nk^$nko

Fpw ]d-bp-Xv kp- mWv.]Xn-hmbn hnXv \a-kvI-cn-p--h GsX-nepw cm{Xn AXp \n h-ln-m Ign-bmsX t]mbm ]It\cv

AXp \nhln-p-Xp \-XmWv. \_n (k) ]d--Xmbn A_q-lp-ssdd (d) ]d-bpp.

( , ]fxuminiE]f^p(\n-fn Bs-nepw hnXv \a-kvI-cn-m-\m-hmsX t\cw ]pev t]mbmepw Abm hnXv \a-kvI-cn-Ww.)

ap \a-kvIm-c--fnse Jp\qXvapkvenw-Isf s]mXp-hn _m[n-p h hn]pw kw`-hn-m {]kvXpX hn]v \om Am-lp-hn-t\mSv

{]mYn-p-Xv D-a-am Ipp. _\p-kpssew, dnAv, ZIvhm, Dkz Fo tKm{X- Ckv em-anpwapkvenw-Ipw t{Zml-I-c-amb \ne-]mSv ssIsm-tm Hcpamk-mew \_n (k) Fm \a-kvIm-c--fnepwAhs-Xn-cn {]mYn- n-cpp. CXn\v l]^ FmWv t].

III. cm{Xn \a-kvImcw ( nnnn^^^^]]]]nnnn )cm{Xn ZoL-t\cw \nv Jp-B ]mcm-bWw sNbvXp \a-kvI-cn - p--XmWv Jnbm-ap-ss. cm{Xn -bpsS

BZy-ntem a[y-ntem Ay-ntem kuIcywt]mse AXv \nhlnmw. cm{Xn -bpsS Ay -bm-a-n\nhln-p--XmWv Ghpw \Xv. Cucp dIv-A-m- bmWv AXv \nhln-t-Xv. Ah-km\w Hcp dIv-Av\a-kvI-cnv H-bm-Ww. AXn-\m Jnbm-ap-ssepw hnXvdpw Htc \a-kvImcw Xs-bmWv.

IV. Xdm-holv ( ]]]]jjjj]]]]mmmmxxxx )da-Zm-\nse cm{Xn-I-fnse Jnbm-ap-ss \a-kvIm-c- n\v Xdmholv Fp ]d-bpp. da-Zm-\n kwL-Sn-X-ambn AXv

\nhln-emWv Daw. ap Ime--fn Jnbm-ap-ss H-m-Wtm \nh-ln-pI. ZoL-t\cw Jp-B]mcm-bWw sNbvXmWv AXv \nhln-t-Xv. Cucp dIv-A- mbn thWw \a-kvI-cn-p-Xv. Ah-km\w aqv dIv- Av hnXvdpw. Xdm-ho-lns {]m[m\yw \_n (k) hy-am-nbnp v. A_q-lp-ssdd (d) ]d-bpp.

^]#"#m(gon^^nmnemnV^^m^^]uj^e^^i$fE]]r^D

(dkq (k) da-Zm amk-nse \a-kvIm-c-n\v I-i-ambn Iev]n-msX t{]mm-ln-n-p-am-bn-cpp. \_n(k) ]dp: da-Zm- \n hnizm-k-tmSpw {]Xn-^ -te-O-tbmSpw IqSn \a-kvI-cnp--h\v Ahs IgnIme- ]m]ws]mdpp Inp--XmWv).

V. Zplm -\-a-kvImcw ]]]]vvvvooooDDDD )kpv \a-kvIm-c--fn-sem-mWv Zplm. kqcy DZnv Aev]w DbXp apX \p- -h-sc-bmWv AXns kabw.

AXp Npc-pn- bXv cv dIv-Apw IqSn-bXv Fp dIv-A- p-amWv. Cucp dIv-A- m-bmWv \a-kvI-cn-t-Xv. AXpkp- m-sW--Xn\v Xmsg lZoYv sXfn-hmWv. A_q-k-CuZv (d) ]d-bpp.

^]$f%"#m(]%voujom`^m`^ujom(n`^E]jD(\_n(k) Nne-Im-e--fn Zplm\-a-kvImcw \nhlnpw. Atlw AXv Dt]-n-p-I-bn-sv R ]d-bp-w.

\_n (k) C\n AXp \nhln-p-I-bn-sv ]d-bp-thmfw Nne-Im-e--fn Atlw AXv Dt]-n-p-Ibpw sNpw.)\_n (k) Zplm \akvImcw Fp dIvAv \akvIcnXmbn lZoYpv. NpcpnbXv cp dIvApamImw.Dp-lm-\n-Av (d) ]d-bpp:

$]$f$"#$o]%vo$^^lm((jnEe]D

(\_n (k) Zplm-\-a-kvImcw Fp dIv -Av \a-kvI-cnp. Fm Cucp dIv -A-nepw \_n (k) kemwsNmpambn-cp-p.)

VI. CkvXn-Jm-dXv \a-kvImcw ]]]]jjjj^^^^DDDD EEEEhnhmlw, I-h-S- C-S-]m-Sp-I XpSn A\p-h-Z-\o-b-Imcyw hXpw sNm-\p-t-in-p-Ibpw AXp sNp--Xn

\-bptm Fv kwibw tXmp-Ibpw sNbvXm \-bn-tev \bn-m Am-lp-hn-t\mSv {]mYn-p-sImv\nhln-p \a-kvIm-c-amWv ]j^ . AXv Hcp kzX-{- \-a-kvIm-c-am-h-W-sa-n. GXv kpv \a-kvImcw\a-kvI-cnpw \_n (k) ]Tn- n {]mY\ Dcp-hn-S-W-sa-t-bpq. Pm_n (d) ]d-bpp:

j^](`^^m(^]%]lmV]a$ue^n ^]#"#m(^]jnn]m$$nV]#`$jnejei]n$

]#`$ki$a]]nm^^f iik$]nh^m($$e^on(ki$a]]m^^f^(]]]nun&^$$eE]f^D

(GsXmcp Imcy-nepw \ tXSp coXn Jp-B-\nse GsXnepw kqdx ]Tn-npwhn[w \_n(k) Rsf]Tn- n-pambncpp. \_n (k) ]dp: \n-fn Bsc-nepw h Imcyhpw Dtinm ^Z- m cv dIv-Av\a-kvI-cn tijw C{]-Imcw {]mYn-Ww.

. jne$$e ]#`$(Cu {]mY-\-bnse a]] F `mKv Xm Dt-in-p Imcyw FmtWm AXpIqSn ]d-bWw. Cu

{]mY-\sb XpSp Dn-jvS-Im-cy-n \mbn tXmp--sXtm AXmWv Abm kzoI- cn-t-Xv. t\csFSp Xocp-am-\- n Ddp \np-I-b.

VII. {Kl-W \-a-kvImcw EEEE]]]]DDDDkqcy-s\tbm N{-s\tbm {KlWw _m[n-p-tm \nhln-p \a-kvIm-c-amWv {Kl-W- \-a-kvImcw.

]pcp -j-mpw kv{XoIpw AXv {]_-e -amb kp-mWv. kwL-Sn -X -am -bmWv {Kl-W -\ -a -kvImcw\nhln-t-Xv. \a-kvI-cn-m Dt-in- m ]q^ Fv hnfw- _cw sNWw. CXpw cv dIv-A- mWv. HmtcmdIv-A- nepw Cuc p dpIqDw Cucp kpPqZpw \nhln-Ww. BZys dpIq-C\p tijw hopw ^mXn-lbpwkqdpw HmXWw. \a-kvIm-cm-\cw JpXp-_bpw. CXmWv {KlW\a-kvIm-c- n cq]w. Bbni (d) ]d-bpp:

k]$un^]$f("#t]#"#o]r^f$$]$^]^j]m$$o]]]o$$^V]#ue$^]v$$^^j f$^ma

]mao]]]o$$f$^ao]]$$$^V]#ue$^]v$$r($$]$]p%ujo]je^ler]l(]rk]$fm$$^_g]$^$oo]#e^aa$$^V$]$]lmj^lm^l]#$q$m^luvn^i]mja^^]o]$E]f^(D

(\_n(k)bpsS Pohn-X-Im-ev Hcn- kqcys\ {KlWw _m[n p. Atm dkq (k) ]n-bn-tev t]mbn.Atlw \nv XIv _o sNmn. P\- At-l- n\p ]nn AWn-\n-cp. Atlw ZoL-t\cw HmXn. ]nsGI-tZiw BZys Hmn-t\mfw ZoLnv dpIq-Av sNbvXp. ]ns ]ue^]v Fv ]dpsImv Xe Dbn. ]nsbpw ZoL-t\cw HmXn. AXpw GI-tZiw BZys Hmn-t\mfw Dm-bn-cpp. ]nsXIv_o sNmn dpIq-Av sNbvXp. AXv GI-tZiw BZys dpIq-C-t\mfw hcp-am-bn-cpp. ]ns ]ue^

]v Fv ]dv Xe Dbn. ]ns kpPqZv sNbvXp. ]ns ASp dIv-A- nepw C{]-Imcw sNbvXp.As\ \mep dpIqDw \mep kpPqZpw ]qn-bmn. \_n (k) \a-kvIm-c-n \nv hnc-an-p-tm kqcy{Kl-W-_m[ hnv ]pd- p- I-Sn-cpp. ]ns Atlw Fgp-tv P\--tfmSv {]kw -Knp. Am-lp-hns\ bYmlwkvXpXnp. ]ns ]dp: kqcy\pw N{\pw Am-lp-hns cv ZrjvSm---fmWv. AXp cn-s\bpw {KlWw_m[n-p-Xv Bcp-sS-sb-nepw P\n-ar-Xn-I Imc-W-am-b. AXn-\m Ahsb {KlWw _m[n-p-I-m \n\a-kvIm-c- n Gs-p-sIm-pI).lk _-kcn (d) ]d-bpp:

]]ef$^no]ft$oe^jn(jn$$g^V$^$nk^mk]$f$"#m(E]]^]D

(C_v\p Amkv (d) _k-d-bn Aao-dm-bn-cnt Hcn- N{ -{K-l-W-ap-mbn. Atlw Rv t\XrXzw\In cv dIv-Av \a-kvI-cnp. Hmtcm dIv-A- nepw Cucp dpIq-Av hoXw. ]ns Atlw hml-\- n Ibdn.

Fnv ]dp: \_n (k) \a-kvI-cnv I coXn-bn-emWv Rm \a-kvI-cn- Xv.)

VIII. agsb tXSp \a-kvImcw ]]]]jjjj^^^^DDDD )ka-b v agInmsX hcp-tm \nhln-p--XmWv ]j^ (agsb tXSp \a-kvImcw). \a-kvImcw

A\p-h-Zn--s GXp ka-b pw AXv Bhmw. cv dIv-Av \a-kvI-cn-p-Ibpw tijw JpXp_ \nhln-p-IbpwsNpI F-XmWv Cu \a-kvIm-c-ns coXn. \_n (k) JpXzp-_bvp tijw \a-kvI-cn-Xmbpw dntmpv.\a-kvIm-c- n BZy dIv-A- n ^mXn-lv tijw ]o bpw cm-as dIv-A- n ]^n bpw HmXWw.PpapA, s]cpm \akvImc t]mse DdsbmWv HmtXXv. JpXp_ Ign-m \a-kvIm-c- n ]s-SpFm-hcpw Ah-cpsS taXw, ASn-` mKw tatebpw he-Xp-` mKw CS-Xp-ambn Xncn- nv Jn_vesb A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn- Ww.Fnv ssI cpw ]c-am-h[n Dbn hn\-b-]p-c-cw {]mYn- Ww.\a-kvI-cn-m Hcp Znhkw \n-bnv Camw P\-sf apIqn Adn-bn-Ww. Bbni (d) ]d-bpp:

^]$^o]#"#v]_efe^$o]$^m^mqntune]u^qg]$o]ff$u]#$$^V$iqhm^]#imjrng$$^V]v#h(]^n]$uF]$un^m](m$]#m^mm]#`$$kk]%v]]n^]n&]q^kn^$e^oun$$mmmmujoen^e_n$$u$o]$^`g]a]mm$$fo]$^$ojn]#i^ov^elek$$_le]#i^omlrujo^k]%n($^pj`]](vujoel]q^V`$]#o(nm(f]#Eu^(e]D

(P\- \_n(k)tbmSv ag-bpsS Zue-` y-Xsb- n Bh-em-Xn-sp. Atlw Iev]n--X-\p-k-cnv \a-kvIm-c--ev(ssaXm-\n -bn) Hcp an m]np. Ahn-tSp t]mhm P\-v Hcp Znhkw \n- bnp-sIm-Spp.\nn-X-Zn-hkw cmhnse kqcy-{]-Imiw ]c-p-Xp-S-n- b-tm \_n (k) \a-kvIm-c--ev hp. an-dn IbdnCcpp. ]ns XIv_o sNmn, Am-lp-hns\ kvXpXnp. Fnv ]dp: \n \mnse Pe-Zm-cn-{Zy-s-nBh-emXn ]d-p-htm. Am- lp-hn-t\mSv {]mYn-m Ah Iev]n- n-cn-pp. {]mY\ kzoIcn m--sav AhGn-p-apv. ]ns \_n(k) ]vh]^ne^oun Fv ]dp: ]nsbpw \_n (k) I- p shfpv

ImWp-thmfw ssI Dbn ZoL-t\cw {]mYnp. ]ns ]n`mKw P\--fn-te-mn Xnc-np- \np. taXwXncn- np. Atmgpw ssI Dbn-bn-cpp. ]ns P\--fn-tev Xs Xncnp\np. Ahn-sS-\n-n-dn cv dIv-A v \a-kvI-cnp. Atm-tgpw Amlp taLs Dmn. anepw CSn-bp-ambn Am-lp-hns Iev]\ {]Imcwags]bvXp. \_n (k) ]n-bn-sepw apt shw Ipn-sbm-enpXpSn. P\- hoSp- I-fn-tev HmSp-Xp Iv \_n (k) ]p-I ]pd- p-ImWpw hn[w Nncnp. Fnv ]dp: Amlp Fm Imcy- n\pw Ign-hp--h-\m- sWpwRm Am-lp-hns Zmk\pw ZqX-\p-am-sWpw Rm kmyw hln-pp.)ap k`--fn ag-bn-msX P\- hnj-an--tm {]tXyIw \a-kvIm-chpw JpXzp-_-bp-an-msX PpapA

JpXzp-_-bn ag-p-thn {]mYn--Xns\pSp ag e`n--Xmbn _pJm-cnbpw apkvenapw A\kv(d)hn\nvdntmp sNbvX lZo-Yn-epv. Ppap-A-tbm-S-\p-_- n- -m-sXbpw \_n (k) ag-mbn {]mYn- p-shv ImWn-plZo-Yp-I-fpv.

s]cp-m \a-kvImcw ( ]]]]nnnnmmmm )CuZp ^nXzv, CuZp AZvlm Fn-h-bmWv cp s]cp-m-fp-I. lnPvd: Hmw hj-amWv s]cp-m \a-kvImcw

\S-n-em-bXv. AXp {]_-e-amb kp-mWv. \_n (k) AXv IrXyambn A\p-jvTn-p-I bpw ]pcp-j-m-tcmSpwkv{XoI-tfm-Sp-samw AXn ]s-Sp-m Bm-]n-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-pv.s]cp-m-fn\v Ipfn-p-Ibpw \ hkv{X-a-Wn-bp-Ibpw kpKw D]-tbm-Kn-p-Ibpw sN kp- mWv. lk (d)

]d-bpp:

^]#"#]nmfq^r_n(geq^rv(e$^rEu^D(cp s]cp -m-fpI-fn Inm -hp --Xn \ hkv{Xw [cn -m\pw Inm -hp --Xn \ kpK--{Zhyw

D]-tbm-Kn-m\pw Inm-hp--Xn hne-Iq-Snb Dcp-hns\ _en\Im\pw dkq (k) R-tfmSv \nt-in- n-cpp.)sNdnb s]cp-m-fn\v \a-kvI-cn-m t]mIpw-apv hXpw `n-p- Xv kp-mWv. henb s]cp-m-fn\v

\a-kvIm-c-tijw Blmcw Ign-p--XmWv kpv. A\kv (d) ]d-bpp:

^]f%"#mm]_uj$omi]l`$i]Eu(]f^D(\_n (k) ^nXzv Znhkw Aev]w Cu-gw Xn-ti-jta \a-kv I-cn-m t]mbn-cp-pq. AXv H-bm-bmWv

Atlw Xnn-cp-Xv.)_pssdZ (d)bpsS dntmn C-s\-bpv:

mm]vouj$omqE]j(]e^q(uD

(AZvlm- Zn-hkw aS-n-hcpw hsc Atlw Hpw Xnn-cp-n.)]n-bn shpw s]cp-m \a-kvIm-c-amhmw. Fm hnim-e amb ssaXm-\n-bn AXv \nhln-p--XmWv

Daw. ag-Im-cWw Hcp {]mhiyw am{X-amWv \_n (k) ]n-bn s]cp-m \a-kvI-cn-- Xmbn dntmp-Xv.A_q-lp-ssdd (d) ]d-bpp:

$`^e`_mn$oe`]$f%"#]n]rEe](]e^q(u^D(Hcp s]cp-m Znhkw Ahsc ag _m[np. AXpIm-cWw \_n (k) Ahv ]n-bn s]cp-m \a-kvIm-c- n\v

t\XrXzw \In.)]pcp-j-m-tcm-sSmw kv{XoIfpw Ipn-Ifpw \a-kvIm-c--ev ]s-Sp-Ww. Dp AXzn: (d) ]d-bpp:

^t]]i]vn$]nmm`]n]nmj]vn$]$oEjnD(cp s]cp-m-fnepw bph-Xn-I-sfbpw EXp-a-Xn-I-sfbpw sImp- h-c-W-sav R-tfmSv \nt-in -n-cpp.

Ah-sc-mw \-bnepw apkv enw-I-fpsS {]mY-\-bnepw ]p-sIm-Ww. EXp-a-Xn -I \a-kvIm-c-n \nvHgn-p-\np-Ibpw thWw). km[y-sa-n \a-kvIm-c- n\v t]mb- hgn-bn-eqsSb, asmcp hgn-bn-eqsS Xncn- p-h-cp-XmWv kp- v. Pm_n (d) ]d-bpp:

^]$f%"#]]^mn^]_mE]f^D(\_n (k) s]cp-m Znhkw hgn-am-dp-am-bn-cpp).kqcy DZn v N{I-hm-f- n GI-tZiw aqv ao Db-Xp- ap-X D -h-sc-bmWv s]cp-m \a-kvImc kabw. henb s]cp-m \a-kv

Imcw sNdnb s]cp-m \a-kvIm-c-t -m Aev]w t\cs \nh- ln-p-Xpw kp- mWv. PqZp_v (d) ]d-bpp:

^]$f%"#m(e^]_]$ovn]voxEueu]f^D(^nXzv \a-kvImcw kqcy cv Ip-ns Afhv Db tijhpw AZvlm- \-a-kvImcw kqcy Hcp

Ip- ns Afhv Db tij-hp-amWv \_n (k) Rv t\XrXzw \In \a-kvI-cn- n-cp- Xv.)s]cp-m \a-kvIm-c-n\v _mtm CJm-atm ap coXn-bn -ep hnfw-_-ctam kp-n. s]cp-m

\a-kvIm-c- n\v aptm ]ntm ap \a-kvIm-chpw kp- n. BZy-d-Iv-A- n XIv_o-dp Clv dm-ans\ XpSvGgpw cm-as dIv-A-n kpPq-Zn\nv Fgp- tp-tm-gp XIv_o-dn\v ]pdsa Apw XIv_okp- mWv. Awdp-_v\p -ip-sF_v ]nXmhv hgn ]nXm-a-l-\n \nv D-cn-pp:

$]f$"#f$n]$jifnf^o]o^o]m(f`^ea^Eu(]e^qD

(\_n (k) s]cp-m-fn\v ]{v XIv_o sNmn. Hm-as dIv-A-n Ggpw Ah-km-\-t-Xn Apw.AXn\v aptm tijtam \_n (k) \a-kvI-cn- p-an.)]pcp -j-m, kv{XoI, henbh, Ipn -I, Xt-io -b, bm{X-m Fm-hcpw s]cp-m \a-kvImcw

\n-ln-Ww. h Imc-W-h-im epw kwL-SnX \a-kvIm-c- n ]s-Sp-m Ign-bmsX hm H- m-bmepw cvdIv-Av \a-kvI-cn-Ww. AXv hontem ]n-bntem Fhn-sSbpw BImw. amk- n-d-hn-bpsS hnhcw Inm-Xn-\mtematm Hcp {]tZ-iv s]cp-m Znhkw \a-kvI-cn-m km[n- n-s-n ASp Znhkw AXv \a-kvI-cn-t--XmWv.A_q-D-ssa-dp_v\p A\-kn(d)\nv D-cn-p lZo-Yn C{]-Imcw ImWmw:

n^a$]fv^n^^r^gl]$`^`]]#"#$`]]`e^a]#"#m_]mq]ona]Eu(]^(]e^qD

(im-ens amk- n-dhn Rv ImWm-\m-bn. ASp Znh-k hpw R t\m-\p-jvTnp. ]I-ens HSp-hnHcp bm{Xm-kwLw hp. Ah, X Xte-m _me-N-{s\ I-Xmbn dkqen(k)\p apn kmn ]dp.dkq (k) P\--tfmSv t\mv apdn-m\pw ASp Znhkw s]cp-m \a-kvI-cn-m\pw \nt-inp.)

s]cpm JpXzp_s]cp-m \a-kvIm-cm-\-cw JpXp_ kp-mWv. JpXp-_- n-S-bn [mcm-f-ambn XIv_o sNmp-Xpw

kp-mWv. Fm JpXp_ XpS-t-Xp ap JpXp-_-I t]mse-Xs Am-lp-hns\ kvXpXn-p-sIm-mWv.A_q-k-CuZv (d) ]d-bpp:

^]$f%"#mtm]_]voo]$o$nmfe]$$$mn^e]$^]$^qo`n`mn`maEjnD

(\_n (k) ^nXzvdn-sbpw AZvl-bp-sSbpw Znhkw \a-kvIm-c- -e-tp t]mIpw. \_n (k) BZyw XpS-pI\a-kvIm-c-amWv. ]ns \a-kvIm-c- n\nv hnc-anv P\--` n-ap-J-ambn \npw. P\- AWn-I-fn Ccn-pIXs-bmhpw. As\ \_n (k) Ahsc D]-tZ-inpw, \ntiw \Ipw, Iev]-\-I Adn-bnpw.)s]cp-m \a-kvIm-c-tm-S-\p-_-nv Hcp JpXzp_ \nh-ln-m epw aXn-bm-Ipw. \_n (k) s]cp-m-fn\v cv

JpXp_ \nh-ln- -Xmbn sXfn-hn-sv Camw \hhn (d) ]d-bp-pv.sNdnb s]cp-m-fn\v Xtev AkvX-abw apX \a-kvImcw \nh ln-pw-h-scbpw, henb s]cp-m-fn\v

Ad-^m-Zn -h-k-nse kp_vlv apX Xivco -Jns Ah-km-\-Zn -\ -nse Akzv hscbpw XIv_o sNmkp- pv.s]cp-m Znhkw IpSpw-_-_p-fpw kplr- p-fpw ]c-kv ]cw kin-p-Ibpw Biw-k-I ssIam-dp-Ibpw

sNp-Xv \-Xm- Wv. kzlm-_n-am ]c-kv]cw ImWp-tm if]^ Fv ]d -bm-dp-m-bn-cpp Fvdntmp-I-fpv.s]cp-m-fn\v \ntZm-j-amb Ifnbpw hnt\m-Zhpw BIm-hp--XmWv. A\kv (d) ]d-bpp:

]f%"#`m^mfn`^^e]#i^oe`^n]`^m]_]voE]^]e^qD

(\_n (k) aZo-\-bn hcp-tm Ahv hnt\m-Zn-m cv Znh-k-ap-m-bn-cpp. \_n (k) Ah-tcmSv ]dp:Amlp B cv Znh-k-n\v ]Icw \nv IqSp-X D-a-amb ap cp Znhkw \n-bnpXn-cn-pp.^nXzvdn-sbpw AZvl-mbp-sSbpw Znhkw.)

Ppap-Abpw s]cp-mfpw Hnphmshn-bmgvN Znhkw s]cp-m-fm-bm s]cp-m \a-kvIm-chpw PpapA \a-kvIm-chpw \nhln-t--Xptm

F Imcy- n hyXy- kvXm-` n-{]m-b--fpv. s]cp-m \a-kvIm-c- n kw_-n- hv PpapA \n_--a-svImWn-p lZo-kp-I-fpv. Fm ]n- bn km[m-c-W-t]mse Camw PpapA \a-kvImcw \nh-ln-Ww.Aku-I-cy--fn-m- -hv AXn kw_-nmw. Am- -h fplv \a-kvI-cn-Ww.sskZp_v\p AJw (d) ]d-bpp:

$o]$f%"#]n$$$]r^V^m(n(E]]D(\_n(k) s]cp-m \a-kvImcw \nh-lnp. ]ns Ppap-A-bpsS Imcy-n Cfhv \In-smv ]dp:

XmXv]-cy-ap--hv PpapA \akvI-cnmw.)

Jp-B ]mcm-b-W-n-s kp-Pq-Zv EEEErrrr]]]]jjjjDDDDkpPqZv kw_-nv ]cm-ai-ap Bbv HmXp-Itbm tIp- Itbm sNbvXm Hcp kpPqZv kp- mWv. CXn\v

Hmns kpPqZv r]jD ) Fp ]d-bp-p. XIv_o sNmn kpPqZv sNp-I, XIv _o sNmn Fgp-tpI A{X-bp-amWv B kpPqZv. AXn Xi- lvlpZpw kem-ap-sam-p-an. A_vZp-mln_v\p Da (d) ]d-bpp:

^]#"#mn^]l]$e^$rf$rr^Ee](]fn`(u^D(\_n(k) Rsf Jp -B HmXn -tnpw. kpPqZ v kw_- nv ]cm -ai-ap Bb-n -eqsS

IS-p-t]m-hp-tm \_n (k) XIv_o sNmn kpPqZv sNpw. Rfpw kpPqZv sNpw.) \a-kvIm-c- n-s\--t]mseCu kpPq-Zn\pw hpZq-Av, Jn_vesb A`n-ap -Jo-I-cn - , Hudv ad- XpS-nb Imcy- imWv.\a-kvIm-c- n epw Am- -tmgpw Cu kpPqZv kp- mWv. kpPq-Zn,

rq`$$$eev$ijf^]#u]^nFp ]d-b kp- mWv. Bbni (d) ]d-bpp:

^]#"#mor]lVrq`$$eev$ijf^]u]^n

(\_n (k) Hmns kpPq-Zn ]dbm-dp-m-bn-cpp:rq`$eev$ijf^]u]^n Fv ]d-bmdp-m-bn-cpp.)

\n-kq-N-I-amb kpPqZv ( EEEErrrr]]]]`uXn-Itam Bo-btam Bbn h t\hpw ssIh-cp-tm Am- lp-hn-\p \n-kq-N-I-ambn Hcp kpPqZv

kp- mWv. CXn\v kp-Pq-Zp- p-Iv Fp ]d-bpp. Cu kpPqZv \a-kvIm-c- n-\n-S-bn sNm ]mSn.

ad-m-ep kpPqZv EEEErrrr]]]]````DDDD\a-kvIm-c-n kwK-X-a-m hn[w adhn kw`-hn-m kem-an\v apmbn cv kpPqZv kp-pv. AXn\v

kpPq-Zp-lvhv Fp ]d-bpp. Xmsg ]d-bp--h-bmWv Cu kpPq-Zns Imc-W-:1). \a-kvImcw ]qn-bmpw apv kemw sNmpI.\_n (k) fplv, Ak \a-kvIm-c--fn GtXm Hn cv dIv-Av \a-kvI-cnv kemw sNmn. klm-_n-am

Hmann- -tm _mn IqSn \a-kvI-cn tijw \_n (k) cv kpPqZv sNbvXp. Cu kw`hw _pJm-cnbpw apkvenapwD-cn- n-pv.2) IqSp-X \a-kvI-cn- m :ad-hn-bm \nWnX dIv-A-n IqSp-X \a-kvI-cn-p-Itbm, Ia]-c-amb h ^Zpw IqSp-X sNp-Itbm

sNbvXmepw cv kpPqZv kp- mWv. C_v\p akv-DuZv (d) ]d-bpp:

$]f$"#$o^nm]$[^V^[^]V$nk^(rrine^$E]]r^D

(\_n(k) Hcn- Av dIv-Av \a-kvI-cnp. Btcm tNmZnp: \a-kvIm-c- n dIv-Av Iqn-bn-ptm? \_n(k) tNmZnp: AsX- mWv? Ah ]dp: Xm Av dIv-A v \a-kvI-cnp. Atm \_n(k) cv kpPqZvsNbvXp. kemw sNmnbtij-am-bn-cpp AXv.)3). BZys Xi-lvlpZv ad-m:BZys Xi-lvlp-Zn\v Ccn-msX Fgp-tm XpSpIbpw \ndp- - n-tev ASp-pw- apv Hma hcn-Ibpw

sNbvXm Ccn- Ww. \ndp--n-tev ASppt]mbm ]ns Ccn--cpXv. ^Zn Gs-p-I-gn-m ]nskp- n-tev aS-m ]mSn. C_v\p _pssl\ (d) D-cn-pp:

$]f$"#$o^]$jnf$v]eo$^irrin$$$E]]r^D(\_n (k) \a-kvI-cnp. cv dIv-Av \a-kvI-cnv Ccn-msX Fgp-tp. Ah Hman-n-m-\mbn Xkv_olp

sNmn. Fnpw Atlw \ndp- - n-tev \on. \a-kvImcw Ah-km-\n- -tm cv kpPqZv sNbvXp. ]ns kemwsNmn).4. dIv-A- n kwibw tXmn-bm:\a-kvI-cn dIv-A- p-I-fpsS F- n kwibw tXmn-bm t_m[y-ap Fs ASn-m-\-s-Spn _mn

IqSn \a-kvI-cn- Ww. Fnv Ah-km\w cv kpPqZv sNWw. \_n (k) ]d- -Xmbn A_vZpd-lvam-\p_v\p Hu^v(d) D-cn-pp:

]u$o$jnnr`^]u]m$jn$o$$^nr`^]$jn] ]$uimm$$^$oe^nr`^$$^$$mr]iaq^fm(rinEu(]e^q(]jD

(\a-kvI-cn-Xp kw_-nv \n-fn Bs-nepw kwibw tXmp-Ibpw Hcp dIv-A-mtWm \a-kvI-cn-XvAtXm ctm Fv Adn-bmsX t]mhp-Ibpw sNbvXm AXv Hcp dIv-Av Fv Xocp-am- \n-Ww. ctm aqtmFv Adn-bmsX t]mbm cv Fv \n- bn-Ww. aqtm \mtem Fv Adn-bmsX t]mbm aqv Fm- Ww.]ns \a-kvIm-c- n\np hn-c-an- m Ccp-p-sImv kemw sNmpw -apv cv kpPqZv sNWw.)