03mohandas karamchand gandhi

7/30/2019 03Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

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Done By: MariamKarim

Noor Al-Baba

Fatima J11- Yellow


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Mahatma: Great SoulMohandas Karamchand Gandhi (2 October 1869 30 January 1948) is often

referred to as Mahatma Gandhi "Great Soul".

Gandhi was the leader of the Indian nationalist movement against British rule.

His doctrine of non-violent protest to achieve political and social progress has been

hugely influential.

He pioneered satyagraha:

This is defined as resistance to tyranny through mass civil disobedience. A philosophy firmly founded upon ahimsa, or total nonviolence.

This concept helped India gain independence and inspired movements for civil

rights and freedom across the world.

In India he is also called Bapu "Father" and officially honored in India as

the Father of the Nation.

His birthday, 2 October, is commemorated as Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday,

and worldwide as the International Day of Non-Violence.

Gandhi was assassinated on 30 January 1948 by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu

Nationalist.


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After university, he went to London to train as a barrister.

He returned to India in 1891 and in 1893 accepted a job at an Indian

law firm in Durban, South Africa.

Gandhi was appalled by the treatment of Indian immigrants there,

and joined the struggle to obtain basic rights for them.

When Gandhi was an expatriate lawyer in South Africa,

he first employed civil disobedience during the

resident Indian community's struggle for civil

rights.

During his 20 years in South Africa he was

sent to prison many times.

Gandhi was influenced primarily by

Hinduism, and by elements of Jainism and

Christianity as well as writers Tolstoy and

Thoreau.

He developed the satyagraha('devotion to truth').

A new non-violent way to redress wrongs.

In 1914, the South African governmentconceded to many of Gandhi's demands.


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Bapus First Stand: India

After his return to India in 1915, Gandhi organized

protests by peasants, farmers, and urban laborers

concerning excessive land-tax and discrimination.

In 1919, British plans to intern people suspected of

sedition - the Rowlatt Acts - prompted Gandhi toannounce a new satyagrahawhich attracted millions of

followers.A demonstration against the acts resulted in the Amritsar Massacre by British

troops.

Bapu led nationwide campaigns to ease poverty,expand women's rights, build religious and ethnic amity,

increase economic self-reliance.


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The Dandi Salt March to the Sea

In 1921, Gandhi was a dominant figure in Indian politics transforming

the Indian National Congress

His programme of peaceful non-cooperation with the British included

boycotts of British goods and institutions, leading to arrests of

thousands.

Gandhi himself was sentenced to six years' imprisonment.He was released after two years and withdrew from politics.

Then devoted himself to trying to improve Hindu-Muslim relations,

which had worsened.

In 1930, Gandhi proclaimed a new campaign of civil disobedience inprotest at a tax on salt, leading thousands 400 Km on a 'March to the

Sea' to symbolically make their own salt from seawater.

Bapu led nationwide campaigns to ease poverty, expand women's

rights, build religious and ethnic amity increase economic self-

reliance.


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Round Table Conference, London In 1931, Gandhi attended the Round Table Conference in London, as the sole

representative of the Indian National Congress.

Gandhi was prepared to give a "blank cheque" to minorities to remove their

legitimate fears and press the national

demand for freedom.Most of the Hindu delegates were not ready for this gesture, and the Muslim nationalists were

not represented at the conference.

Gandhi pleaded for an honorableand equal partnership between

Britain and India, held not by force

but love.

The British public with financial

crisis which were a more urgent

issue than the niceties of an IndianConstitution.

Sir Samuel Hoare, the new Secretary of State, told Gandhi that he sincerely

believed that Indians were unfit for complete self-government.

Mahatma resigned from the party in 1934. He was replaced as leader by

Jawaharlal Nehru.


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World War II broke out in 1939 when Nazis invaded Poland. Initially, Gandhi

favoured offering "non-violent moral support" to the British effort.

After long deliberations, Gandhi declared that India could not be party to a warostensibly being fought for democratic freedom, while that freedom was denied to

India itself.

As the war progressed, Gandhi intensified his demand for independence, drafting

a resolution calling for the British to Quit India.

Some felt that Gandhi's refusal for India to participate in the war was not enoughto ensure India's freedom,

While Britain fought against Nazism yet continued to contradict itself by refusing to

grant India Independence.

Quit Indiabecame the most forceful movement in the history of the struggle, with

mass arrests and violence on an unprecedented scale.

Thousands of freedom fighters were killed or injured by police gunfire, and hundredsof thousands were arrested.

Gandhi and his supporters made it clear they would not support the war effort

unless India were granted immediate independence.

He even clarified that this time the movement would not be stopped if individual

acts of violence were committed.

He called on all Congressmen and Indians to maintain discipline via ahimsa,and Karo Ya Maro("Do or Die") in the cause of ultimate freedom.


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KaroYaMaro!!!


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In 1945, the British government began negotiationswhich culminated in the Mountbatten Plan of June1947.

The formation of the two new independent states of

India and Pakistan, divided along religious lines.

Massive inter-communal violence marred themonths before and after independence.

Gandhi was opposed to partition, and now fasted in

an attempt to bring calm in Calcutta and Delhi.

On 30 January 1948, he was assassinated in Delhiby a Hindu fanatic.


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Remembering:

MohandasKaramchand

Gandhi

03mohandas karamchand gandhi

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