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ABHIYAN WEEKLY

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Chabahar: A Futile Eff ortto Undermine CPEC

By : Jaspal

INDIA, Iran and Afghanistan have been laboring to establish a new transit route. The new transit route would link Afghanistan and Iran with India through Chabahar Port. The port would facilitate a landlocked Afghanistan and also open a trade route for Indian goods and products to Afghanistan and Central Asia. With the construction of a new transit route, India would not only bypass Pakistan, but also realise its decades-old dream to encircle Pakistan.

New Delhi has systematically cultivated its strategic and economic relations with Tehran since the beginning of the twenty fi rst century. India and Iran signed a defence pact in November 2003 and revised it in 2009. Neither United States nor other Western countries solicit India to honour United Nations Security Council directives or sanctions levied against Iran. New Delhi and Kabul signed strategic partnership with the connivance of United States in 2011. Since than, Afghanistan and Pakistan bilateral relations have been deteriorating.

Strategically, Chabahar port

is very signifi cant. It is located in the Sistan-Balochistan province near Strait of Hormuz and Pakistan’s Gwadar port in Balochistan. The Indians consider it as a gateway to Afghanistan and Central Asia. In May 2016, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that India would invest $500m to develop and operate strategically important Iran’s Chabahar port. New Delhi promised to invest in the Iranian railway for laying railway lines connecting Iran, Afghanistan and Central Asia. Indeed, the new trade route would assist India to get a foothold in the region. The transformation in Global Politics and cementing strategic partnership between India and United States has not obstructed the former relations with Iran. On August 6, 2017, the Indian Union minister for transport, highways and shipping, Nitin Gadkari announced that Chabahar port would be operationalised by 2018. He stated: “Civil construction work has started there. We have fi nalised tenders worth Rs3.8 billion for equipment out of Rs 6bn and once the port becomes operational it will become a growth engine.”

India built 220-kilometre road in the Nimroz province of Afghanistan and now planning to extend this road to Chabahar. Interestingly, the Indian ruling elite is giving an impression that it would be able to develop the port within stipulated time. Whereas; Western manufacturers are shying away from supplying equipment for Chabahar port. They are afraid of the probability that United States may reimpose sanctions on Iran. The Trump Administration has already expressed its concerns over the Iranian nuclear program. It gave an impression that it could quash the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action known commonly as the Iran deal or Iran nuclear deal.

President Trump declared 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action “the worst deal ever negotiated”. It was reported in Foreign Policy (July 2017), “the president has assembled a special team of White House aides whose sole task is to figure out a way to claim that Iran is violating the deal.” The termination of the deal would automatically reimpose sanctions against Iran. The

Iranians have confidence in the continuity of the Indian investment in Chabahar because even before the nuclear deal was reached, India was doing billions dollars trade with Iran. Ironically, Washington did not compel New Delhi to oblige the United Nations Security Council sanction imposed against Iran. However, Washington indirectly hindered the construction of Iran-Pakistan gas pipeline.

The trends in the regional politics underscore that the deepening relations among India, Afghanistan and Iran are not in the interest of Pakistan. Admittedly, it’s diffi cult for Islamabad to normalize its bilateral relations with India. Nevertheless, Islamabad could engage positively Kabul and further improve its bilateral relations with Tehran. Hence, Islamabad revisits its trade policy with neighbouring countries. For instance, Iran is a big market for Pakistani agriculture products. Pakistani traders could benefi t from the Iranian market by supplying rice, wheat, citrus, sugar, soybean, etc.

Islamabad needs to engage Iran constructively to defy

India’s isolating strategy. The encouraging factor is that many people in both Iran and Pakistan have been stressing that the Gwadar and Chabahar ports should not be seen as rivals. The government of Pakistan is exploring the opportunities to developing links between Chabahar and Gwadar. On August 7, 2017, during a meeting with President Hassan Rouhani in Tehran, Senate Chairman Raza Rabbani reiterated that Iran and Pakistan were strategically important to one another. He stated: “Pakistan will spare no effort to promote relations with Iran.” The leadership rhetorical support for improving bilateral relations needs practical initiative(s) for sustainable cordial bilateral relations between the neighbouring states.

To conclude, constructing a new transit route through Chabahar port is an attempt by India to bypass Pakistan and also undermine China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. Therefore, Islamabad needs to initiate a productive and result-oriented negotiation process for enhancing its economic, political and diplomatic relations with Tehran.

Branch Offi ceBirgunj,Ghantaghar, Phon : 051- 531834, Shekhar : 9845033231, Raju jee : 9845424999 Birgunj : Bus Park, Sitaram jee : 9812218901

BIRGUNJ, KATHMANDU GAUSHALA

Branch Office

SUBHA LAXMIHead Offi ceSundhara,Kathmandu Phone : 01 -4223106

Arjun: 9841559263, 9843174641

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nf]stGq nf]stGq 5}g, o;sf] af/]df s'/f p7fpg' eg]sf] cfª\ sGofof] 5f/f]dfq p8\5 . k~rfot v/fj eg]/ ax'bn cfPsf] xf], ax'bneGbf nf]stGq /fd|f] eg]/ gofF gfdfs/0f ul/Psf] klg xf] . JolQm km]l/of], rl/q km]l/Pg, Joj:yf km]l/of] a'l4 km]l/Pg . k4lt t ;+;f/d} /fd|f] xf] t/ k4ltsf ;~rfnsx? cN5L lt3|f] :jfb] lha|f]jfnf k/]kl5 5f/f] p8\5, k|b"if0f km}lnG5 . o:t} cj:yf /xg] xf] eg] /fhgLlts dxfdf/Ln] /fi6«nfO{ ;f]qfd kfg{ ;S5 . xfdL e|i6frf/sf] sG6]g/ aGg yfn]sf 5f}+ .

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lgb]{zg / cfon lgudsf] clgoldttf, olta]nf v'a rlr{t 5g\ . jiff{tsf] df};d 5, /fhwfgLb]lv d'lUnª gf/fo0f3f6 ;8sdfq xf]Og, b]z}el/sf ;8s lxnfDd] 5g\ . vfN8fv'N8Ln] x/]s lbg dfG5]x? hf]lvd df]n]/ ofqf ul//x]sf 5g\, lxl8/x]sf 5g\ . 36gf, b'3{6gf eO/x]sf 5g\ . Ps aflnsf vfN8fdf v;]/ x\o"dkfOkaf6 alug\ / csf]{ lt/ lg:s]/ alrg\ . Pssf] d[To' eof] . ;x/ahf/ ofqf ug'{ eg]sf] d[To' xTs]nfdf lnP/ lx8\g'h:tf] ag]sf] 5 .

oL ;a b]v];'g]kl5 sxfnLnfu]5 k|wfgdGqLnfO{ . pgn] !% lbgdf /fhwfgLsf ;8ssf vfN8fv'N8L 6fNg cfb]z lbP . !% lbg ;lsof], !% s/f]8 ah]6 klg ;lsof] . g vfN8f k'l/P, g ;8s g} ;xh aGof] . vfN8f k'/]sf] df6f]n] emg lxnf] a9fof], emg w'nf] p8fof] . /fhwfgLaf;Lsf] hLjg x/]s lbg cg]s /f]uaf6 u|l;t x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . c:ktfndf kfOnf /fVg] 7fpF b]lvGg, cf]vtL ug{ cfpg]x?sf] eL8n] . hgtfsf] hLjgsf] /Iff ug'{kg]{ ;/sf/n] hg:jf:Yodf xb};Ddsf] nfk/jfxL ul//x]sf] 5 .

k|wfgdGqLsf] lgb]{zg kfngf x'Gg eg] zf;g s;n] ul//x]sf] 5 < zf;ssf dfp t k|wfgdGqL g} x'g\ . zf;sx?n] bh{g ;Nnfxsf/ klg elt{ u/]sf 5g\ . ljb lj1x?sf] sdL 5}g . ;Nnfx lbg]n] s] ;Nnfx lbP, lgb]{zg lbg]n] s:tf] lgb]{zg lbP / lgb]{zg dfGg'kg]{x?n] lgb]{zgsf] kfngf u/]gg\ < k|wfgdGqLsf] lgb]{zg kfgL kmf]sf h;/L p7\g] / km'6\g] xjfO{ kmfo/dfq xf] eg] k|wfgdGqLn] lgb]{zg lbP/ gfs km'nfpg] lsg < kfng} gx'g] lgb]{zg lbP/ k|wfgdGqL lsg xn'sf eO/x]sf 5g\ < a? lgb]{zg lbg';f6f] clnslt ;do lbP/ cfkm} ;8s 5]p5fp 3'd3fd u/]sf] eP nfhn] klg ;8sn], dxfgu/n] sfd uy]{ ls < k|wfgdGqLsf] lgb]{zg l;+xb/jf/leq} kGr/ eof], tf]nfsf] arg vf]nfdf uof] . nf]stflGqs zf;g t sd{rf/LtGqsf] nx8df kf]

rn]sf] /x]5 . hlt w/fk yfKof] plt sdfpg kfOg] pgLx?sf] /0fgLlt kf] k|dfl0ft eof] .

g]kfn cfon lgudn] ;ft k|b]zdf k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ e08f/0f ug{ eg]/ lrtjg, emfkf, ?kGb]xL, ;nf{xLdf hUuf vl/b u¥of] . hUuf vl/b ubf{ cfkmGtnfO{ g} bnfn agfOof], bnfndfkm{t vl/b ul/of] / vl/b u/]sf]eGbf, rngrNtLsf] b/efpeGbf tLg u'0ff a9fP/ vl/b ul/of] . ^& s/f]8 e|i6frf/ ePsf] xNnLvNnLn] sfg kfs]5 ls aNn

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k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ cfoft ug{ lbP/ dx“uf]df a]Rg] cg'dlt ;d]t oxL lgudn] lbof] . clxn] lghLIf]q stf x/fof] x/fof] . ha ha / hxfF hxf“ d'gfkmf x'G5, ToxfFdfq lghL If]q;Fu ldnf]dtf] u/]/ lgud gubL sf/f]jf/df nfU5 / lgudsf ;~rfns, Joj:yfksx? df]6fpg] u5{g\ . ;:tf]df vl/b u/]/ dxuf]df a]Rg] clg d'gfkmf eof] eg]/ af]g; lat/0f ug]{ gf6s klg oxL lguddf x'g]u5{ . 7luG5g\ t pkef]Qmf, cfdgful/s .

b]zsf k|wfgdGqLsf] lgb]{zg kfngf gx'g], lguddf /fi6«sf] 9's'6L, pkef]Qmfsf] artsf] b'?kof]u u/]/ bnfnL vfg] k|j[lQ k|ltlglw 36gfdfq x'g\ . x/]s sfof{no, ;+:yfg, of]hgf, kl/of]hgf htf x]/] klg clgoldttf dfq b]lvG5 . dfq uh]6 ldnfpg] / ah]6 vr{ ug]{, sfuhL 3f]8f h;n] hlt;S5 bf}8fpg] sfd eO/x]sf]

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uh]6 ldnfpg] / ah]6 vr{ ug]{, sfuhL 3f]8f h;n] hlt;S5 bf}8fpg] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 .

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ljleGg ^ kf6L{ ldn]/ u7g ePsf] /fli6«o hgtf kf6L{nfO{ :yfgLo txsf] t];|f] r/0fsf] lgjf{rgdf ;xefuL u/fpg ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg cfjZos /x]sf] egfO{

;/sf/sf] /x]sf] 5 . s] ca ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg x'g ;S5 < ;+;bsf] k|d'v k|ltkIfL bn g]skf Pdfn]n] clxn]sf] cfjZostf ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg xf]Og, ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjog xf] elg/x]sf] / ;/sf/s} ;dof]udf /fk|kfnfO{ ljefhg ul/Psf] x'gfn] clxn]s} cj:yfdf; ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf Go'g /x]sf] 5 . kf6L{ ljefhgkl5 /fk|kfn] ;/sf/nfO{ lbPsf] ;dy{g lkmtf{ lnPsf] 3f]if0ff ul/;s]sf] 5 eg] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf kIfdf ghfg] ;d]t atfPsf] 5 . o;/L ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf gePkl5 k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjf g} ;lqmo eP/ cGo kf6L{x?nfO{ ;d]t ljefhg u/fpg] / ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf kIfdf cfjZos ;+Vof k'¥ofpg] v]ndf ;lqmo ePsf 5g\ . k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] kz'klt zDz]/ /f0ffn] g]t[Tj u/]sf] /fk|kf k|hftflGqsnfO{ s]xL dGqfnox? lbg] / lt dGqfnox?df dGqL, /fHodGqL / ;xfos dGqL ;d]t agfpg] ;t{df ljeflht u/fPsf] cf/f]k /fk|kfsf g]tfx?n] nufPsf 5g\ . s] kf6L{x?nfO{ ljefhg u/fpFbf ;xh ?kdf ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg x'g ;S5 t <

;/sf/n] h;/L ePklg ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg u/L 5f8\g] pb\3f]if k6s k6s ul/;s]sf] 5, t/ s;/L ;+zf]wg ug]{, cfjZos ;+Vof # ;o (% sxfFaf6 Nofpg] eGg]df s]xL gaf]n] klg cGo ;fgf bnx?nfO{ ;d]t ;Qfdf n}hfg] / cfjZos k/] pgLx?sf kf6L{ g} ljeflht u/fP/} ePklg cfkm\gf] kIfdf b'O{ltxfO{ dt k'¥ofpg] h'g s'l6n /0fgLlt lnPsf] 5 Tof] slxNo} k'/f x'g ;Sb}g . a? To;n] ubf{ ;/sf/ / bnx?aLr a}dgZotf a9\g] ;Defjgf a9]/ uPsf] 5 . ca b]pjf ;/sf/sf cfFvf l;kL d}gfnLn] g]t[Tj u/]sf] g]skf dfn]sf ;f+;bx?df k/]sf] 5 . clxn] l;kL d}gfnLn] g]t[Tj u/]sf] kf6L{ ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] ljkIfdf plePsf] 5 . g]skf dfn];lxt g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{ / /fli6«o hgdf]rf{ k|d'v k|ltkIfL g]skf Pdfn]sf] kIfdf /x]sf x'gfn] ca oL bnx?leq v]Ng k};f;lxt s]xL JolQmx?nfO{ v6fOPsf] ;Qfwf/L bns} g]tfx?n] atfpg yfn]sf x'gfn] s]xL k};fsf ef]sf / ;Qfsf nflu dl/d]6\g]x? kf6L{ ljefhgdf nfUg;sg] ;Defjgf a9]/ uPsf] 5 . ;/sf/n] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf nflu hlt;'s} k|of; u/]klg Pdfn] / /fk|kfsf Ps} 7fpFdf plePsf] v08df s'g} xfntdf klg ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf 5}g .

/fhkf clxn]s} cj:yfdf :yfgLo

txsf] t];|f] r/0fsf] lgjf{rgdf ;xefuL gx'g] ePkl5 ;/sf/ uDeL/ ;+s6df km;s]sf] 5 . clxn] /fhkfsf @$ ;f+;b /x]sf 5g\ . /fhkfn] ;/sf/nfO{ lbPsf] ;dy{g lkmtf{ lnPklg b]pjf ;/sf/ tTsfn g9n] klg ;/sf/dfly uDeL/ ;+s6 cfpg ;S5 . ;Qfsf k|d'v 36s dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfnn] kl5Nnf] ;dodf b]pjf ;/sf/ klg ;+s6df k/]sf] cleJolQm lbPsf 5g\ / pgn] cfjZos k/] cfkm" km]l/ k|wfgdGqL x'g tof/ /x]sf] cleJolQm lbPsf x'gfn] sxLF g sxLF lvr8L kfls/x]sf] cfef; ldNb} uPsf] 5 . /fhfkleq klg Ps dt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . :yfgLo txsf] t];|f] r/0fsf] lgjf{rgdf hfg] / ghfg] kIf ljkIfdf /x]sf /fhkfsf g]tfx?n] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgnfO{ g} a6dnfOg agfP klg s]xL g]tfx? clxn]s} cj:yfdf ePklg ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] d'2fnfO{ lnP/ hgtfdf hfg'kg]{ atfO/x]sf 5g\ eg] /fhkfsf] cWoIf d08ndf lgjf{rgdf hfg gx'g] kIfdf ax'dt /x]sfn] lgjf{rgfdf hfg'k5{ eGg]x? cNkdtdf k/]sf 5g\ . ca ;/sf/n] /fhkfleq ;d]t v]Ng] 7fpF kfPsf] 5 . ljleGg ^ kf6L{ ldn]/ u7gePsf] /fhkf km]l/ ljeflhg x'g ;Sg] / To;sf] nflu ;/sf/n] ;xof]uLsf] e"ldsf v]Ng ;Sg] /fhfks} g]tfx?n] atfpg yfn]sf x'gfn] z]/axfb'/ b]pjf k|wfgdGqL ePsf a]nf g]kfnsf /fhgLlts bnx? ljeflht x'g] / bnx? 6'qmf6'qmfdf afFl8g] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 . To;]sf] k|of; :j?k /fk|kfnfO{ klxnf] lzsf/ agfOPsf] 5 . ca kz'klt zDz]/ /f0ffn] g]t[Tj u/]sf] /fk|kf k|hftflGqs ;/sf/df ;xefuL ePsf] v08df /fk|kf ljeflht ePsf] k|dfl0ft x'g]5, pm ;Qfs} nflu ljeflht ePsf] xf] eg]/ . bnx? ljeflht x'g lglZrt cfwf/x? rflxFG5, l;4fGtdf d]nf gvfPsf] / g]t[Tjn] l;4fGtnfO{ af]Sg g;s]sf] v08df g]t[Tj g} kl/jt{g ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf ePklg bn g} ljeflht x'g' eg]sf] ;Qfk|flKt afx]s cGo s]xL x'g ;Sb}g .

g]kfnsf k|foM ;a} bnx? -g]dlskfafx]s_ k6s k6s ljeflht x'Fb} k]l/ PsLs[t ePsf pbfx/0fx? xfd|};fd' /x]sf x'gfn] ca lgjf{rg Pg] / sfg'g g} ;+zf]wg u/L h'g bnaf6 h'g JolQm lgjf{lrt -k|ToIf jf ;fdfg'kflts_ ePsf] pm cGo bndf k|j]z u/]sf] v08df :jtM kb d'Qm x'g] Joj:yf ul/P bnx? ljeflht x'gaf6 /f]lsg ;S5g\ . olb To;f] gx'g] xf] eg] k};fsf] vf]nf] aufP/} ePklg cfkm\gf] :jfy{ cg';f/ bnx?nfO{ ljeflht u/fpFb} JolQmut / kf6L{ut :jfy{ k"lt{ ug{] sfddf bnx? nfUg ;S5g\ . /fhgLlts bnx?n] ca ;dfg'kflts tkm{ dgf]lgt ubf{ ;d]t ljj]s / a'4L k'¥ofpg' kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvPsf] 5 . lbge/ af6f]df a;]/ ukm ug]{ / ;8s 5fkx?nfO{ x}l;otdf k'¥ofPkl5 pgLx?af6 s] cfzf ug]{ < To;}n] bnx?nfO{ alnof] agfpFb} nf]stflGqs Joj:yfnfO{ dha't agfpg] xf] eg] cljnDa lgjf{rg sfg'g ;'wf/ u/L h'g bnaf6 lgjf{lrt ePsf] xf] ;f] bn Tofu]/ csf]{ bndf uPdf :jtM kbd'Qm x'g] Joj:yf ul/g' cfjZos /x]sf] 5 . ;+;bLo bn / sfo{;ldltaf6 $) k|ltzt lnP/ csf]{ bn vf]Ng ;Sg] jf ljeflht x'g ;Sg] P]gnfO{ kl/dfh{g u/L 36Ldf &% k|ltzt x'g' kg]{ k|fjwfg klg bnx?sf] nflu plrt x'g;S5 . olb oL b'O{ ljsNk dWo] PsnfO{ k|of]u ul/Psf] v08df bnx? ljeflht x'g;Sg] ;Defjgf Hofb} Go"g /x]g ;S5 .

;Qf :jfy{s} nflu bnx? ljeflht x'g' b'ef{Uo

;fKtflxs

b]j]Gb| r'8fndevendrachudal@gmail.com

g]kfndf /fhgLlts bnx? ljeflht x'g' / k'gM PsLs[t x'g' s'g} 7"nf] s'/f xf]Og . k|foM ;a} bnx? ljeflht ePsf / k'gM PsLs[t ePsf w]/} pbfx/0fx? xfdL sxfF /x]sf 5g\ . k|foM ;a} bnleq u'6 pku'6 /x]sf 5g\ . t/ u'6 pku'6 ePklg s]xL bxn? ljeflht x'gaf6 hf]luPsf 5\g . bnx? slta]nf h'6\5g\ / km'6\5g\ eGg] s'g} 6'+uf] g} 5}g . lr/flr/f eP/ ljeflht ePsf] dfcf]jfbLleq Pstfsf] k|of; eO/x]sf] a]nf sl/a ( dlxgf cl3 PsLs[t ePsf] /fk+kf eg] km]l/ ljeflht ePsf] 5 . ( dlxgf cl3 kz'klt zDz]/ /f0ff / sdn yfkfn] g]t[Tj u/]sf] /fk|+kf / /fk|kf g]kfn PsLss[t eP/ /fk|kf ePsf] lyof] . ( dlxgfcl3 oL b'O{ kf6L{ lsg ldn]/ clxn] slg ljeflht eP eGg] To;sf] sf/0f k|i6 gePklg ;Qf v]ns} nflu ljeflht ePsf] eg]/ a'em\g s;}nfO{ s7Lg x'Fb}g . bnx? ldNg / ljeflht x'g lglZrt /fhgLlts / j}rfl/s cfwf/ x'g'k5{ . /fk|kf ljeflht x'g'df To:tf] cfwf/ b]lvFb}g, To;}sf/0f of] cf/fhgLlts v]n / s]xL 7"nf g]tfx?sf] ;Qf :jfy{df k|]l/t /x]sf] 5 .

xfdL sxfF /fhgLtls bnx? ljeflht x'Fbf aflx/ /fhgLtls / j}rfl/s sf/0f ePsf] bfaL ul/g] ul/Psf] 5 . jf:tjdf Tof] ;To xf]Og, bnx? ljeflht x'g'df k|j[lQut sf/0fx? /x]sf] b]lvG5 . Tof] ;a} bndf nfu" x'G5 . /fk|kfsf] xsdf ;d]t ToxL nfu" ePsf] 5 . /fk|kfsf] PsLs[t dxflwj]zg ePsf] ( dlxgf gk'Ub} /fk|kf ljeflht ePsf] 5 . klxnf g]t[Tj txdf ePsf ;dsIfL g]tfx?aLrsf] k|lti7fsf] n8fO{F g} ljefhgsf] k|d'v sf/0f lyof] eg] bf];|f]df ;/sf/df ;xefuL x'g] / g]t[Tj s;n] ug]{ eGg] ljifodf ljjfb a9\b} uPkl5 ljefhg lglDtPsf] b]lvG5 . t];|f] xf], g]kfnsf] /fhgLltsdf ljb]zL / :jb]zL cb[Zo zlQmn] rnv]n ug'{ / ckm\gf] k|efj sfod /fVg] p2]Zon] ;d]t /fk|kfsf] ljefhgdf sfd u/]sf] b]lvG5 . oL h] sf/0fn] ljefhg ePklg /fk|kf sdhf]/ cj:yfdf k'u]sf] 5 . ;+;b\df #& l;6 eP/ rf}yf] 7"nf] zlQmsf] x}l;ot ca cf]ln{Psf] 5 . rf}7f] 7"nf] bn /x]sf] cj:yfdf p;n] :yfgLo txsf] b'O{ r/0fsf] lgjf{rgdf g/fd|f] k/fho ef]Ug' k/]sf] lyof] . lgjf{rgdf k'/fho ef]Ug' k/]sf] bf]if To;a]nf kf6L{ cWoIf sdn yfkfnfO{ dfq nufpg] u/]sfn] To;}nfO{ g} kf6L{ ljefhg >[+vnf atfOPsf] lyof] eg] clxn] Tof] k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 .

klxnf /fk|kf / /fk|kf g]kfn b'j} k"j{k~rx?aLr Pstf eP/ :yfkgf ePsf bnx? x'g\ . @)$^ ;fnsf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{gb]lv @)^# sf] kl/jt{g kl5 klg oL bnx? /fhgLltdf ;lqmo /x]sf 5g\ . t/ pgLx?aLr 6'6km'6 / PsLs/0f k6s k6s ePsf 5g\ . kl5Nnf] ;dodf PsLs[t ePsf] /fk|kfn] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq / lxGb"wd{nfO{ cl3 ;fg]{d'Vo ljifodf ;xdlt ePsf] lyof], t/ clxn] Ps kIfn] ;Qf k|flKtsf nflu kf6L{ g} ljefhg ug'{ /fk|kf / p;sf z'elrGts klg ;dy{ssf nflu dfq geP/ d'n'ss} nflu b'ef{Uosf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 .

nf]stflGqs Joj:yfkdf kf6L{x? alnof] x'g' cfjZos 5 . kf6L{x?aLr cflGts/ k|hftGq ;d]t x'g'k5{ . u'6pku'6 / ljefhgn] nf]stGqnfO{ s'g} xfntdf klg alnof] agfpg ;Sb}g . kf6L{x?leq cfGtl/s nf]stGq / :j:y k|lt:kwf{ cjfZos x'G56, t/ ;Qf :jfy{, JolQmut k|lti7fnfO{ / cfkm\gf] Ouf]nfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ Pstf jf ljefhg ubf{ To;n] kf6L{nfO{ dfq geP/ ;du| nf]stflGqs k2lt / nf]stflGqs Joj:yfnfO{{ g} sdhf]/ agfpF5 . To;n] hgtfdf bnx?k|ltsf] cljZjf; hufpF5, lg/fzf a9fpF5 . To;}n] JolQmut :jfy{ / JolQmut k|lti7fnfO{ hf]8]/ kf6L{x? ljeflht x'g'x'Fb}g . ;Qfk|flKtsf nflu cfkm\gf] kf6L{nfO{ dt xfNg] hgtfnfO{ ;Qfdf k'Ug] e¥ofª agfpg] k|of; s;}n] u/]df csf]{ lgjf{rgdf To:tf kf6L{sf] ktg x'g] s'/fdf s;}sf] b'Odt gxf]nf .

s]xL dlxgf cl3dfq hf]l8Psf /fk|+kf / /fk|kf g]kfn k'gM ljeflht x'g' eg]sf] xtf/df ul/Psf] lg0f{on] km';{bdf k5'tfpg' dfq xf] . tTsflng /fk|kfn] wd{lg/k]IftfnfO{ :jLsf/ ul/;s]sf] lyof], p;n] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqnfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ ;s]sf] lyPg eg] tTsflng /fk|kf g]kfnn] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq;lxt lxGb"/fHo sfod x'g'kg]{ l;4fGtnfO{ cFufn]sf] lyof] . t/, To;a]nf tL d'2fdf Jofks 5nkmn / ax;} grnfO{ b'O{ kf6L{ Ps eP, ToxLFlg/ uNtL eof] eg] tTsfln /fk|kf g]kfn;Fu @% ;f+;b lyP . ;f+;bdf dgf]lgt ubf{ ;d]t uNtL ePsf] lyof] . clxn] kf6L{ ljeflht xF'Fbf tTsflng /fk|kf g]kfnsf ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq / lxGb"/fHosf kIfdf /x]sf ;f+;bx? s;/L ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs lxGb" u0f/fHosf] kIfdf uP < /fk|kf ljeflht x'g'sf] k|i6 sf/0f hgtfdf cfpg' cfjZos 5 . ljeflhgsf] sf/0f / To;kl5sf] /fhgLlts / j}rfl/s cj:yf s] s] x'g < b'O{ lr/fdf ljeflht ePsf kf6L{x?n] cf–cfkm\gf] wf/0ff hgtfdf cljnDa /fVg xfdL hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5f}+ .

;Qfs} sf/0f/fk|kf ljeflht

;fKtflxs@)&$ ;fpg @& ut] z'qmaf/ %

pk]Gb| emfzlQmzfnL :jefjtM cx+sf/L x'G5 .

;d[4zfnL b]znfO{ cfkm\gf] ;fd|fHosf] lgdf{0fdf bQlrQ eO{ nflu /x\g] afgL x'G5 . ;fd|fHo eg]sf] p;sf] PskIfLo k|efj If]q xf] hxfF cfkm\gf] b]zsf] ;Ldf x'Fb}g t/ cfkm\gf] k|efjsf] k"0f{tf x'G5 . c6n k|efj eg]sf] c¿ ;fj{ef}d ;DkGg b]z g} eP klg ToxfFsf zf;sb]lv hgtf;Dd Tof] ;fd|fHojfbLsf] u'nfd eP/ afFr]sf] x'G5 . lj/f]wsf :j/ p7]klg Tof] lgjf{w ;xof]usf] JojwfgnfO{ x6fpgsf nflu dfq xf] .

bnfO{ nfdfnfO{ ;+/If0f lbPsf] lj/f]wdf rLgn] ef/t;+u ;g\ !(^@ df o'4 g} u/] . of] o'4df b'a}lt/ xhf/f}+ ;]gf d/]sf lyP . b'a} b]zn] Iflt a]xf]/] kl5 o'4lj/fd eof] . gofF lz/faf6 ;DaGwnfO{ d}qLk"0f{ agfpg kxn eof] . tLg bzskl5 rLg;+u d}qL ;DaGw sfod eof] . ljb]zL k"FhL lgj]z u/fpg] rLlgofF ljrf/df kl/jt{g cfPkl5 ef/tn] rLgdf k"FhL lgj]z ug{ yfNof] . ;a} s'/f /fd|f] rln /x]sf] lyof] . t/ rLgn] ef/t;+usf] a}/efjnfO{ ;dosf] cg's"ntfsf] kvf{O{df ;fFr]/ /fv]sf] lyof] .

klxn]sf] o'4 k|ltzf]wsf] kl/rfos lyof] eg] clxn]sf] o'4 p;sf] zlQm k|bz{gsf] o'4 x'g]5 . Ps bzsb]lv rLgn] ef/t;+u g]kfn ;Gbe{df lgx'F vf]lh tgfjnfO{ a9fpFb} nu]sf] 5 . %% jif{sf] cGt/fndf rLg ;d[4zfnL /fi6«sf] ¿kdf plbt ePsf] 5 . rLgsf] pbo ePkl5 klxn]b]lv zlQmzfnL /fi6«sf] ¿kdf /x]sf] cd]l/sfnfO{ OGb| s} h:tf] b]jTj u'Dg] z+sf k}bf x'g' :jfefljs xf] . rLgsf] ;d[l4 dQf xfyL h:tf] Plzof, o"/f]kdf ljr/0f ug{ nfUbf, ;fd|fHosf] ;'v ef]lu /x]sf] cd]l/sfsf nflu dfq xf]O{g, pbLodfg zlQmzfnL /fi6«x¿sf nflu klg r'gf}tLsf] ¿kdf cfPsf] 5 . cfly{s ;d[l4 lnP/ zlQmzfnL /fi6«sf] ¿kdf plbt rLlgofF sDo'lgi6 ;/sf/nfO{ /f]Sg nf]stflGqs zlQmx¿ ef/tlt/ hf]l8g k'u]sf] 5 . ef/t;+u dfq clxn] lgx"F vf]lh /xFbf k|ltzf]w lng] zlQmx¿ oxL df}sf 5f]kL ef/tsf] v]dfdf ;+ul7t ePsf 5g\ .

Plzof, o'/f]k, cd]l/sf, clk|msf ;d]tdf cfkm\gf] k|f]8lS6le6Lsf nflu

ahf/ vf]Hb} ;+;f/el/ ljr/0f ug]{ rLgsf] ;fx; klg cb\e"t 5 . ;f/f ;+;f/nfO{ sg]lS6le6L;+u hf]8\g] olt 7"nf] dxTjfsfFIfL of]hgf t s;}n] ;f]r]sf] klg lyPg . o;n] @( b]z;+u ;Demf}tf u/]/ o;sf] lgdf{0fsfo{nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] k|of;df nfu]sf] klg 5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df ef/t rLgsf] tgfj pTkGg ePsf] Ps bzs g} eof] . ef/t o;nfO{ ;fdfGo a'em\b} ;DaGw ;'wfg]{ lbzfdf nfu]sf] lyof] t/ rLg t ef/tnfO{ r'gf}tL lbg g} cufl8 a9]sf] w]/} ;do kl5 yfxf kfP/ ef/t klg cfkm\gf] tof/L tLj| kf/]sf] 5 . kfls:tfg;+usf] df}g o'4 o;}sf] Pp6f s8Lsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . Ps bzsb]lv rLgsf] ef/t;+usf] Jojxf/ x]bf{ p;n] ef/t;+u o'4 g} rfx]sf] s'/fnfO{ gsfg{ ;lsGg . l;lSsd h:t} ef/tn] g]kfnnfO{ lgNg] vt/f b]vfP/ g]kfnnfO{ cfkm\gf] k|efjdf /fv]/ ef/tsf] lj¿4 k|of]u ug]{ rLgsf] /0fgLlt /x]sf] 5 .

rLgsf] a9\bf] tfst / rLgn] lgjf{w a9fPsf] cfkm\gf] zlQm k|bz{gsf] cj:yfnfO{ x]bf{ ef/t rLgsf] tgfj a9\b} uPsf] 5 . ef/t;+u rLgsf] tgfj a9fpg] jftfj/0fsf] lgdf{0f ug{ rLg g} k|d'v sf/0f ag]sf] 5 . g]kfndf cfof]lht !*cf}+ ;fs{ lzv/ ;Dd]ngdf rLgnfO{ ;fs{ /fi6«sf] ;b:otf lbg] ;DaGwsf] k|:tfj kfls:tfgn] /fv] klg ef/tn] s]xL Wofg glbPsf]n] kfls:tfgn] o;nfO{ cfkm\gf] ckdfg a'em\of] eg] ef/t;+u lgx'F vf]Hg rLgn] /fd|f] cj;/ kfof] . !* cf}+ ;fs{ lzv/ ;Dd]ng kl5 g]kfn ;Gbe{df ef/tk|lt rLgsf] s8f cleJolQm cfpg yfNof] . ef/tnfO{ k|ToIf cf/f]k gnufP/ æef/tn] g]kfnnfO{ l;lSsd agfpg vf]h]sf]Æ æg]kfnaf6 ef/tsf] k|efj x6fpg' k5{Æ cflb cf/f]ksf ;fy rLgsf] lj/f]w z'¿ ePsf] xf] . ;fs{ lzv/ ;Dd]ngdf ef/tn] ! v/asf] ;xof]usf] 3f]if0ff ubf{ rLgn] æl;S; 6fOd a9LÆ lbg] 3f]if0ff u¥of] .

To;kl5sf lbgdf kfls:tfgn] cgfjZos ¿kdf ;Ldfdf tgfj a9fpg yfNof] . cft+sLsf] 3';k}7, ef/tleqsf] wfld{s ;b\efjdfly cy{xLg cfqmd0f, cflb 36gfx¿ tyf g]kfn ;d]t ef/tsf] lj/f]wdf k|ToIf ¿kdf cfPsf] s'/faf6

rLgsf] pS;fx6 k|i6 b]lvof] . !* cf}+ ;fs{ lzv/ ;Dd]ng kZrft\ ;xof]usf] gfddf rLgn] g]kfnL /fhgLltdf x:tIf]ksf/L e"ldsf a9fPb]lv g]kfnnfO{ ef/tsf] lj/f]wdf ptf/]/} 5f8\of] .

ljkGg /fi6«sf ;DkGg /fhg]tfx¿ b]zdf cfd"n kl/jt{g ul/ ;j{xf/fsf] /fHo sfod ug]{ /fhgLlt xf]; jf nf]stGqLo ;dfhjfbsf] /fhgLlt xf];\ ;a}n] hgtf e'mSofP/ /fhgLltnfO{ k};f sdfpg] dfWod g} agfPsf 5g\ . k};f

yfKg p;sf] /fhgLlts c8fg klg /xFb}g . g]kfnL /fhgLltdf rLgsf] v]n z'¿ ePkl5 s] sfFu|];, s] sDo'lgi6 ;a} Pshft eP/ v]nsf] df]x/f ag] . ef/tsf] lj/f]w ug{ xf];\ jf ;+3Lotfsf] lj¿4df xf];\ ;a}sf] Pshft g} b]lvof] . ;fdfGo cj:yfdf sDo'lgi6, sfFu|]; km/s hft b]lvG5g\ .

g]kfnL /fhgLltdf nfdf] ;do;Dd ef/tsf] pwf/f] v]ndf lbSs dfg]sf /fhgLlts v]nf8Lx¿ rLgsf] cfudgnfO{ a8f] pT;fxsf ;fy :jfut u/] . cfufdL ;dodf o;sf] kl/0ffd h];'s} ePklg ;x\g] eg]/ pgsf] gh/df cfDbfgLsf ;fy alg /x]sf] gofF ;DaGwsf] dxTj al9 lyof] . rLg cfof] . dgkl/ 9+un] rLgn] g]kfnL /fhgLlt1nfO{ k|of]u u/] . dw]znfO{ ef/tLox¿ eg]/ rLgnfO{ klxrfg u/fPkl5 rLgsf] Jojxf/ klg dw]zk|lt k"jf{u|xL g} aGof] . rLgsf] k|efjdf r'n'{Dd 8'a]sf] tTsfnLg Pdfn] ;/sf/ 3f]if0ffsf nflu tof/ /fv]sf] ;+ljwfgnfO{ ef/tn] !% lbg kv{g cfu|x ubf{ !% 306f klg kv{g ;s]g / To;sf] ef]nLkN6 c;f]h # ut] 3f]if0ff u¥of] . ef/tnfO{ of] 36gfaf6 rLgn]

lbPsf] v'nf r'gf}tL lyof] . To:t} !* cf}+ ;fs{ lzv/ ;Dd]ngsf] cj;/df ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL g/]Gb| df]bLsf] k"j{ lgwf{l/t hgsk'/, n'lDagL / d'lQmgfysf] e|d0fnfO{ rLgn] g]kfnL /fhgLlt1nfO{ k|of]u ul/ o:tf] gf6sLo 9+uaf6 /2 u/fof] ls g ef/tLo s"6gLlt1x¿n] a'em] g ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL g/]Gb| df]bL :jodn] a'em\g kfP . g]kfnL /fhgLltdf rLgsf] k|efjsf] of] 7"nf] gd"gf lyof] .

rLg ef/tsf] o'4lj/fd ePkl5

l;lSsddf rLgsf] k|efj a9\g yfNof] . of] ef/tsf] nflu l;/bb{ lyof] . l;lSsdsf] e"dL rLg k|of]u u/f];\ of] ef/tnfO{ sydlk :jLsfo{ lyPg . ToxfFsf /fhf rf]Uofn klg rLgsf] k|efjdf cfPkl5 ^ clk|n !(&% O{) df ef/tLo ;}lgs l;lSsdnfO{ cfkm\gf] sAhfdf lnof] . o; sfo{df l;lSsdsf lj/f]wL g]tf n]G8'k bf]h]{n] ;3fPsf] lyof] . ;g\ !(%* df rLgn] u/]sf] ltAatdflysf] sAhf lj:tf/jfbsf] gd"gf dflgPg, t/ l;lSsddflysf] sAhf ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf] pbfx/0f aGof] . g]kfnsf sDo'lgi6x¿n] klg cfkm\gf] p4f/s dGq æef/tLo lj:tf/jfb, d'bf{jfbÆ sf] hfk ul/ /Xof] .

l;lSsd h:t} rLgsf] cem a];L k|efj g]kfndf a9]/ uof] . klxn] klg lgx'F vf]lh /x]sf] rLg clxn] ;d[l4 k|fKt u/]kl5 cem al9 pGdflbt ePsf] 5 . g]kfn Ps lx;fjn] rLg s} sAhfdf /x]sf] oyfy{nfO{ gsfg{ ;lsGg . Pdfn], dfcf]jfbL rLgsf] k|efjdf t 5g\ g}, nf]stflGqs zlQm egfpFbf g]kfnL sfFu|]; klg ljut rLgsf] ultljwLdf k|of]u ePsf sf/0f ;+lbUw

ag]sf 5g\ . ;+ljwfg 3f]if0ffsf] lj/f]wdf yflnPsf] dw]z cfGbf]ng gfsfaGbLsf] pTsif{df k'Uof] . ^ dlxgfsf] gfsfaGbL cfGbf]ngn] g]kfnL hgtf w]/} ;f:tL ef]Uof] . lj/f;tdf /x]sf] ef/tk|ltsf] cfqmf]z PsfPs km'6\of] . dw]z cfGbf]ng ef/tn] u/fPsf], ef/tn] gfsfaGbL ul/ cfTd;dk{0f u/fpg vf]h]sf], cfkm\gf] b]zsf] ;fj{ef}d clwsf/ vt/fdf /x]sf] eg]/ ;+;f/el/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] 9f]n kL6] . ljZj ;d'bfon] k|rfl/t s'/fdf s'g} tYo g/x]sf] yfxf kfO{ rf;f] lng 5f8] . a¿ ;+ljwfg 3f]if0ffsf] kIfdf lbPsf] ;dy{g lkmtf{ lnP/ cfGbf]ng/t kIfsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ bafj lbg yfn] . ef/tsf] lj/f]wdf ljv/fjdf /x]sf /fi6«jfbL tfstnfO{ ef/tsf] lj/f]wdf ;+ul7t ug{ s]kL zdf{ cf]nL ;kmn /x\of] . oxL /fi6«jfbL zlQmn] clxn] :yflgo r'gfjdf Pdfn]nfO{ klxnf] kf6L{sf] ¿kdf pEofPsf] 5 .

ef/tsf] sf]O{ k|ToIf / sf]xL leqleq} lj/f]wdf /x]sf g]kfnsf /fHo ;+rfns bnx¿ -g]kfnL sfFu|];, Pdfn] / dfcf]jfbL_ rLgsf] ;dy{gdf dw]znfO{ k5fl8 ws]Ng klg ;kmn eof] / cfkm\gf] jr{:j sfod ug{ klg . g]kfnsf] df6f], kfgLnfO{ ;d]t ef/tsf] lj/f]wdf ptf/]/ rLgsf ljZjf;kfq ag]sf g]kfnsf /fhgLlt1x¿ x'g} nfu]sf] ef/t rLgsf] o'4k|lt cfkm\gf] s] wf/0ff agfpnf < ef/t;+u g]kfnsf] w/ftnLo lj/f]w hf/L g} /x]sf]n] g]kfn 7"nf] wd{;+s6df kmF:g] lglZrt 5 . lxdfn jfl/sf] oqf] 7"nf] e"efu rLgsf] k|efjdf /xf];\, ef/t s'g} klg xfntdf abf{:t ug{ ;Sb}g . rLg;+u o'4 ug{ cd]l/sf ;d]t tof/ /x]sf] cj:yfdf s] of] o'4 b'O{ b]zaLr dfq l;ldt /x\nf < blIf0f Plzofdf ef/t rLg o'4 t]>f] ljZjo'4df kl/0ft gxf]nf eGg ;lsGg .

rLg cgfjZos ¿kdf rf/}lt/ cfkm\gf] zlQm k|bz{g ul//x]sf]n] rLgsf] pGdfb o'4;Dd hfg ;Sg] ;DefjgfnfO{ s;}n] /f]Sg ;Sb}g . rLgnfO{ ;as l;sfpg ;a} zlQm ef/tsf] lsQfdf ;+ul7t ePkl5 rLgsf] lh2nfO{ /f]Sg o'4 cjZoDefjL ePsf] 5 . kl/l:yltn] b]vfO{ /x]sf] of] dxfljgfznfO{ /f]Sg ;lsPnf < -dw]z bk{0f lkmr/ ;]jf_

ef/t–rLg aLrsf] åGå / g]kfnsf] /fhgLlt

g]kfnL /fhgLltdf nfdf] ;do;Dd ef/tsf] pwf/f] v]ndf lbSs dfg]sf /fhgLlts v]nf8Lx¿ rLgsf] cfudgnfO{ a8f] pT;fxsf ;fy :jfut u/] . cfufdL ;dodf o;sf] kl/0ffd h];'s} ePklg ;x\g] eg]/ pgsf] gh/df cfDbfgLsf ;fy alg /x]sf] gofF ;DaGwsf] dxTj al9 lyof] . rLg cfof] . dgkl/ 9+un] rLgn] g]kfnL /fhgLlt1nfO{ k|of]u u/] .

lj1fg k|of]uzfnfx:tfGt/0f

k;f{÷Sj]i6 kmfdf{:o'l6sN; k|fnLsf] cfly{s tyf k|fjlws ;xof]udf lgld{t lj1fg k|of]uzfnf, ljleGg bftfx?sf] ;xof]udf sDKo'6/ ;lxtsf] k|of]uzfnf jL/u+h lrgLldn l:yt >L l;4fy dfWolds ljBfnonfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] 5 . ljBfyL{x?sf] pTs[i6 eljiosf] nflu sl/a * nfvsf] nfutdf lj1fg k|of]uzfnf lgdf{0f ul/ ;f] ljBfnonfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] Sj]i6 kmfdf{:o'l6sN; k|fnLsf k|jGws lgb]{zs k[YjL /fe08f/Ln] atfpg'eof] . ljBfnodf Kn; 6' ;Ddsf ljBfyL{x?n] k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] #^ j6f

sDKo'6/ ePsf] O{Ge6/ / l;l; l6le Sofd/f;d]t h8fg ul/Psf] cWoIf ljho ;/fjuLn] atfpg'eof] . ;f] x:tfGt/0f sfo{qmdsf] k|d'v cltly k|lhc s]zj/fh l3ld/] /xg'ePsf] lyof] .

ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofks /fh]z kf08], kqsf/ dxf;+3sf cWoIf Zofd aGhf/f,pBf]u jfl0Ho;+3sf cWoIf cf]dk|sfz zdf{ , ;dfh;]jL dw'/f0ff,;+l3o ;dfhjfbL kmf]/d g]kfn k;f{sf cWoIf k|lbk ofbj,Sj]i6 kmfdf{:o'l6sN; k|fnLsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

s';'dnfn >]i7

a}t8L . a}+lsª sf/f]af/ ug{ b'O{ lbg nufP/ ;b/d'sfd wfpg'kg]{ a}t8Lsf] tNnf] :j/f8 / k'rf{}8L If]qsf :yfgLosf] afWotf x6\g] ePsf] 5 . lhNnfsf ^ :yfgLo txdf gofF a}+ssf zfvf v'Ng] ePkl5 :yfgLonfO{ ljQLo ;]jfsf] kx'Fr k'Ug] ePsf] xf] .

jfl0fHo a}+sn] :yfgLo txdf hfgsf nflu u/]sf] efuaG8fcg';f/ lhNnfsf ^ gofF :yfgLo txdf jfl0fHo a}+ssf zfvf v'Ng]5g\ . bz/yrGb gu/kflnsf / kf6g gu/kflnsfdf eg] o;cl3 g} ljleGg ;/sf/L tyf lghL If]qsf a}+ssf zfvfn] sfd ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . k'rf}{8L gu/kflnsfdf Unf]an cfOPdO{ a}+s, l8nf;}gL ufpFkflnsfdf s'df/L a}+s, d]nf}nL gu/kflnsfdf Pgl;;L a}+s, ;'g{of ufpFkflnsfdf g]kfn OGe]i6d]06 a}+s, lzjgfy ufpFkflnsfdf g]kfn P;lacfO{ a}+s / l;uf; ufpFkflnsfdf k|e' a}+ssf zfvf lj:tf/ x'g]5g\ . o:t}, bf]u8fs]bf/ ufpFkflnsf / k~r]Zj/ ufpFkflnsfdf v'Ng] a}+s zfvfaf/] eg] clxn];Dd s'g} lg0f{o ePsf] 5}g . :yfgLo txdf hfg] ah]6 klxn] ;/sf/L :jfldTjsf s[lif ljsf; a}+s / /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+sdf hDdf x'g] / ToxfFaf6 jfl0fHo a}+sdf hDdf ug{'kg]{ clgjfo{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ufpFd} a}+s

zfvf v'Ng] ePkl5 :yfgLo v';L ePsf 5g\ . k'rf}{8L gu/kflnsfdf Onfsf k|zf;g sfof{no eP klg a}+ssf] sfd ug{ eg] :yfgLon] ;b/d'sfd uf]7nfkfgL, ;flxn]s / lhNnfsf] kf6gd} cfpg'kg]{ afWotf 5 . …a}+sdf sfd kbf{ ;b/d'sfd g} k'Ug'k5{,Ú k'rf}{8Lsf jL/]Gb| ;fsL{n] eg], …ca gu/kflnsfd} a}+s v'n] ;xh x'g] lyof] .Ú

lhNnfsf] d]nf}nLdf klg a}+s zfvf :yfkgf x'Fb} 5 . o;af6 ;b/d'sfddf a}+lsª ;'ljwf lng hfg'kg]{ afWotf x6\g]5 . …;b/d'sfd k'Ug g} ;f:tL v]Kg'k5{, clg a}+ssf sfd ;s]/ 3/ kmls{g sDtLdf klg @ lbg laT5,Ú :yfgLo ;'/t kfsL{n] eg] . a}+s tyf ;/sf/L sfof{no åGåsf j]nf c;'/Iffn] ;b/d'sfd ;/]kl5 :yfgLon] ;f:tL ef]Ub} cfPsf 5g\ . lhNnfdf åGåsf j]nf :yfgfGt/0f ePsf a}+s zfvf k'g:yf{kgf x'g ;s] u|fdL0f If]qsf afl;GbfnfO{ /fxt ldNg] pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf g/axfb'/ rGb atfpF5g\ . pgn] eg], …åGåsf ;dodf ;b/d'sfd ;/]sf a}+s k'g:yf{kgf ug{ ;lsP :yfgLonfO{ /fxt ldNYof] . b'O{ lbg lxF8]/ ;b/d'sfd cfpg'kg]{ afWotf klg x6\g] lyof] .Ú )%* df tTsfnLg ljb|f]xL g]skf dfcf]jfbLn]

u/]sf] ;z:q åGåsf ;dodf a}t8Lsf u|fdL0f If]qsf k|x/Lrf}sL;lxt To; If]qdf /x]sf ;/sf/L sfof{no / a}+s zfvf klg lj:yflkt ePsf lyP . t/, zflGt;Demf}tf ePsf] 8]9 bzs lalt;Sbf;Dd klg u|fdL0f If]qdf a}+lsª zfvf k'g:yf{kgf ePsf 5}gg\ . åGåsf j]nf c;'/Iffn] ;b/d'sfd ;/]sf u|fdL0f If]qsf a}+ssf zfvf cem} k'g:yf{kgf x'g g;Sbf ;j{;fwf/0fn] ;f:tL kfpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . ;b/d'sfddf a}+s zfvf v'n] klg lhNnfsf u|fdL0f If]qdf /x]sf Jofkfl/s s]Gb| afl;Gbfn] a}+lsª sf/f]af/ ug{ ;f:tL ef]Ub} cfPsf 5g\ .

s[lif ljsf; a}+s / g]kfn a}+ssf zfvf k'g:yf{kgf gx'Fbf ;j{;fwf/0f xhf/f}F ?k}ofF vr]{/ ;b/d'sfd hfg afWo 5g\ . ;j{;fwf/0f;Fu} ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/Lnufotsf lgsfonfO{ ;d:of xF'b} cfPsf] 5 . bfr{'nf / a}t8Lsf !@ uflj;sf] s]Gb| uf]s'n]Zj/, !) uflj;sf] Jofkfl/s tyf k|zf;lgs s]Gb| k'rf}{8L xf6 / !@ uflj;sf] d'Vo ahf/ d]nf}nLdf a}+s k'g:yf{kgf x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . )%* cl3 uf]s'n]Zj/ / xf6df s[lif ljsf; / g]kfn a}+s tyf d]nf}nLdf s[lif ljsf; a}+ssf zfvf lyP .

a}t8Lsf :yfgLo txdf v'Nb} a}+s zfvf

@)&$ ;fpg @& ut] z'qmaf/;fKtflxs

^

l/onnfO{ ;'k/ sk o'/f]lkog tyf :k]lg; RoflDkog l/on Dofl8«8n] l;hgsf] klxnf]

pkflwsf] ¿kdf o'OPkmP ;'k/ sksf] pkflw lht]sf] 5 . O+lUn; dxf/yL Dofgr]:6/ o'gfO6]8nfO{ @–! n] x/fP/ l/onn] pkflw xft kf/]sf] xf] .

l/onnfO{ RoflDkog agfpg] qmddf sfl;d]/f] / O:sf]n] uf]n u/]sf lyP . v]nsf] @$cf}F ldg]6df l8km]lG;e ld8lkmN8/ sfl;d]/f]n] uf]n ub{} l/onnfO{ cu|tf lbnfPsf lyP . To;cl3 a|flhon v]nf8L sfl;d]/f]n] xfkm enLdfkm{t u/]sf] pTs[i6 k|xf/ af/df nfu]sf] lyof] . klxnf] xfkmdf cu|tf lnPsf] l/onn] bf];|f] xfkm ;'? ePsf] ;ftf}F ldg]6df cu|tf bf]Aa/ kf/]sf] lyof] . v]nsf] %@cf}F ldg]6df uf/]y a]n;Fu jfg 6' jfg kf; v]Nb}

O:sf]n] cf7 of8{ 6f9faf6 annfO{ hfnL r'dfPsf lyP . @–) n] kl5 k/]sf] Dofgr]:6/n] qmlds ¿kdf v]ndf ;'wf/ NofPsf]

lyof] . o'jf km/jf8{ dfsf{]; /f:kmf]8sf] k|xf/ csfl;Psf] s]xLa]/df o'gfO6]8n] uf]n ub{} l/onsf] cu|tf ;f3'/f] kf¥of] . oxL l;hg Pe6{gaf6 & s/f]8 %) nfv kfpG8df Dofgr]:6/df cfa4 ePsf /f]d]n' n'sfs'n] ^@cf}F ldg]6df uf]n ub{} l/onsf] cu|tf @–! df emf/] . l/on Dofl8«8sf km/jf8{ lqml:6ofgf] /f]gfN8f]n] clGtd ;ft ldg]6 dfq v]n]sf lyP . /f]gfN8f] v]nsf] *#cf}F ldg]6df sl/d a]lGhdfsf] :yfgdf d}bfg plqPsf lyP .

cl3Nnf] l;hg lk|ldo/ lnudf v/fa k|bz{g u/]sf] Dofgr]:6/ l/onlj?4sf] v]ndf lkmSsf b]lvof] . v]nsf] ;'?jftdf bafadf cfPsf] Dofgr]:6/n] bf];|f] xfkmb]lv dfq no ;dft]sf] lyof] . v]ndf Dofgr]:6/n] l;hgdf cfa4 u/]sf tLg v]nf8LnfO{ v]nfPsf] lyof] . Pe6{gaf6 cf-Psf n'sfs', r]N;Laf6 cfPsf ld8lkmN8/ g]dfGhf dfl6s / a]lglkmsfaf6 Dofgr]:6/ lelqPsf leS6/ n]G8n]km{ l/onlj?4 v]n]sf lyP . t/, pgLx¿n] v]ndf k|efj kfg{ ;s]gg\ .

l/onn] klg Dofgr]:6/lj?4 RoflDkoG; lnusf] kmfOgn v]n]sf v]nf8LnfO{ d}bfg ptf/]sf] lyof] . km/jf8{ /f]gfN8f]nfO{ v]nsf] cGTolt/ d}bfg plqPsf lyP . klxnf] xfkmdf /fd|f] d'e tyf kf;df l/on xfjL x'Fbf Dofgr]:6/ bafadf cfPsf] lyof] . v]ndf l/onn] #( k|ltzt an lgoGq0fdf lnbf Dofgr]:6/sf n'sfs'n] Ps dfq k|xf/ cg 6fu{]6 xfg]sf lyP .

bf];|f] xfkmdf Dofgr]:6/n] v]ndf ;'wf/ NofP klg l/ondfly bafa agfpg eg] ;s]g . v]ndf @–) n] cu|tf lnPsf] cj:yfdf l/onsf uf/]y a]nn] uf]n ug{] ;'Gb/ df}sf u'dfpg' klg Dofgr]:6/sf nflu kmfObf k'Uof] . 6f]gL qm';, sl/d a]lGhdf / dfsf{] c;]lG;of]sf] k|xf/nfO{ uf]nlsk/ 8]le8 8] luofn] arfpFbf Dofgr]:6/nfO{ /fxt k'Uof] .

O+UNofG8n] blIf0fclk|msfnfO{ !( jif{kl5 x/fof]

O+UNofG8n] !( jif{kl5 blIf0f clk|msflj?4 3/]n' d}bfgdf v]lnPsf] 6]:6 l;l/h lht]sf] 5 . O+UNofG8n] blIf0f clk|msfnfO{ ;g\ !((* kl5 3/]n' d}bfgdf x/fPsf] xf] . rf/ 6]:6sf] l;l/hdf O+UNofG8n] #–! n] lhTof] . lg0ff{os rf}yf] 6]:6df cn/fpG8/ df]Og cnLn] pTs[i6 k|bz{g u/]kl5 O+UNofG8n] blIf0f clk|msfnfO{ ! ;o && /gn] k/flht u¥of] .

o;cl3 klxnf] 6]:6df O+UNofG8n] @ ;o !! /gsf] lht lgsfNb} cu|tf lnPsf] lyof] . bf];|f] 6]:6df blIf0f clk|msf # ;o $) /gn] ljhoL ePkl5 l;l/h a/fa/L eof] . t];|f] 6]:6df O+UNofG8n] @ ;o #( /gn] ljhoL x'Fb} @–! sf] cu|tf lnPsf] lyof] .

# ;o *) /gsf] nIo k5\ofPsf] blIf0f clk|msfnfO{ @ ;o @ /gdf cncfp6 ug{] qmddf O+UNofG8sf df]Og cnL % ljs]6 lng ;kmn eP . cnLn] kl5Nnf kfFrdWo] rf/hgf blIf0f clk|msL Aof6\;DofgnfO{ cfkm\gf] l;sf/ agfP . bf];|f] Olgªdf blIf0f clk|msfsf nflu ;jf{lws /g hf]8]sf xl;d cDnfnfO{ klg cnLn] g} *# /g agfP/ v]ln/xFbf

Pnla8An"sf] w/fkdf kf/]sf lyP . cnLn] !(=% cf]e/df ! d]8g /fVb} ^( vlr{P . cnLafx]s h]D; PG8;{gn] # tyf :6'jf8{ af]8{ / /f]gfN8f h]D;n] ;dfg ! ljs]6 xft kf/] .

o;cl3 klxnf] Olgªdf cnLn] @ ljs]6 lnPsf lyP . Aofl6ªtkm{ klg hd]sf cnLn] bf];|f] Olgªdf g6cfp6 &% /g hf]8]sf lyP . O+UNofG8sf nflu ;jf{lws /g hf]8]sf cnLn] ^^ an v]n]/ ( rf}sf / # 5Ssf k|xf/ u/] . klxnf] Olgªdf eg] cnL !$ /gdf cfp6 ePsf lyP . O+UNofG8sf] lhtdf pTs[i6 k|bz{g u/]sf cnL Dofg ckm bL Dofr tyf Kn]o/ ckm bL l;l/hsf] 6«kmL kfP . blIf0f clk|msfsf an/ df]g{] df]s{]nnfO{ klg Kn]o/ ckm bL l;l/h k|bfg ul/of] .

ljsf; ah]6dfgLltut e|i6frf/

8f= pdfz+s/ k|;fbdw]zsf] hg;+Vof, dfgj ljsf;

;"rsf+s cflbsf] cj:yfnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ dw]zsf nflu h'g ah]6 5'6\ofOG5, Tof] ah]6 c;fWo} Go"g 5 . g]kfndf s"n ah]6sf] nueu Ps ltxfO{ k'FhLut ah]6 /x]sf] cj:yf xf] . Tof] PsltxfO{ ah]6dWo] klg nueu ̂ ) k|ltzt j}b]lzs ;xof]u cyjf C0fsf] ef/ /x]sf] cj:yf 5 . s"n ah]6dWo] nueu !& b]lv @# k|ltzt dfq dw]znfO{ 5'6\ofOg] ul/Psf] cj:yf xf] . ToxfFsf] hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/, dfgj ljsf; ;"rsf+ssf] cfwf/ cflb–OToflb ljleGg OlG8s]6;{nfO{ ljrf/ ug]{ xf] eg] dw]zdf ah]6 c;fWo} Go"g 5 .

Ps t ;/sf/n] dw]zsf nflu clt Go"g ah]6 5'6\ofpg] u/]sf] 5 / To;df klg cfPsf] ah]6 k"0f{¿kdf vr{ x'g] u/]sf] 5}g . clt Go"g ah]6dWo] vr{ g} geO{ lk|mh x'g] u/]sf] cj:yf klg /x]sf] 5 . of] ;d:of ;du| g]kfns} b]lvPsf] 5 . ;~rf/ dfWoddf cfPcg';f/ s"n k'FhLut ah]6sf] nueu !& k|ltzt ah]6 dfq vr{ ePsf] cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . ljsf; ah]6sf] w]/}eGbf w]/} c+z vr{ geO{ lk|mh x'g] h'g cj:yf xf] of] cj:yf ;Dk"0f{ g]kfndf oyfjt 5 .

k'FhLut ah]6vr{ sd x'Fbf lk|mh

;Dk"0f{ g]kfns} cj:yf x]g]{ xf] eg] ljutsf] cj:yf d"Nof+sg ug]{ xf] clxn] k'FhLut ah]6 vr{ sd x'g] u/]sf] 5 . To;sf/0f dw]zdf klg vr{ sd x'g' :jfefljs} xf] . o;/L ah]6 vr{ gx'g] d'Votof tLg sf/0fx¿ 5g\ M

!_ nueu @) jif{ :yfgLo txdf xfd|f hgk|ltlglwx¿sf] pkl:ylt /x]g . hgk|ltlglw gx'Fbf vr{sf] cfFs8f :jfefljs¿kdf 36\g' ljZjJofkL¿kdf eO/x]sf] 5 .

@_ ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g h;nfO{ c;fWo} hl6n agfOof] .

#_ clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf sf/0f h'g ljleGg lqmofsnfkx¿n] o;n] ubf{ klg ljsf; ah]6 vr{df c;/ kf/]sf] xf] .

oL tLgj6f sf/0fn] ljsf; ah]6 k"0f{¿kdf vr{ x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . vr{ ubf{ e|i6frf/ x'G5 / clVtof/åf/f ;dfltG5 eGg] 8/ x'G5 . lsgeg] clxn]sf] jt{dfg cj:yfnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] lglZrt¿kdf s'g} klg sfof{nosf] lgoGq0fdf cfly{s cj:yf hlt x'g'kg]{ xf] Tolt 5}g . sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ st} g st} /fhgLlts¿kdf ;+/If0f eO/x]sf] x'G5 . h;sf/0f sd{rf/Lx¿ sfof{no k|d'vx¿sf] kx'FreGbf klg cufl8 al9;s]sf x'G5g\ . h:t}, lhNnf ljsf; sfof{nodf ;aeGbf a9L ljsf; ah]6 hfG5, clxn]sf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf . ToxfFsf OlGhlgo/, n]vfkfn nufotsf] kx'Fr k|d'veGbf a9L /fhgLlts¿kdf x'g] u/]sf] 5 . Pnl8cf]eGbf To;dftxtdf sfo{ ug]{ sd{rf/Lx¿ /fhgLlts cfa4tf a9L eO;s]kl5 Pnl8cf]sf] s'/f g6]g]{, e|i6frf/ ul/of] eg] p;nfO{ /fhgLlts ;+/If0f eO/x]sf] x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf :jfefljs¿kdf c/fhstf a9\5 .

/fhgLlts x:tIf]ksf sf/0fe|i6frf/df j[l4

clxn] ev{/} cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefusf dxflgb]{zs ;dfltPsf 5g\ . ;dfrf/ dfWoddf cfPsf s'/fx¿nfO{ cfwf/ dfGbf s] a'lemG5 eg] ToxfF /fhgLlts x:tIf]ksf] sf/0fn] of] 36gf ePsf] :ki6 5 . eg]kl5, clxn] g]kfnsf] h'g /fhgLlts ;+oGq 5, /fhgLltsdL{n] To;nfO{ k]zf agfP/ cufl8 al9/x]sf] cj:yf xf] .

hlt ah]6 hfG5 To;af6 slt

vr{ eof], s]–s]df vr{ eof] eGg] s'/fsf] 5fglag ug]{ g]kfnsf ;/sf/sf y'k|} lgsfox¿ 5g\ . To;sf] cg'udg ug]{ lgsfox¿n] h'g lqmofsnfk u/]sf] b]lvG5, ToxfF klg k|ZglrGx v8f ePsf] 5 . ha hjfx/nfn g]x¿ ef/tsf] k|wfgdGqL x'g] qmddf pxfFn] eGg'ePsf] lyof] ls …!) ¿k}ofF ef/t ;/sf/n] 5'6\ofpFbf Ps ¿k}ofF dfq} hg;Dd k'U5 . of] kl/kfl6sf] cGTo geP;Dd ef/tsf] ljsf; ;Dej 5}g .Ú cfheGbf w]/} klxn] hjfx/nfn g]x¿hLn] eGg'ePsf] lyof] . oxL s'/f clxn] g]kfndf eO/x]sf] 5 . hgtf;Dd gk'Ug] / aLrd} x/fpg] . ca slt x/fpF5, s;/L x/fpF5 eGg] s'/f cg';Gwfgs} ljifoj:t' xf] . 5n{Ë ePklg ca ljifoj:t' rfFxL cg';Gwfgs} 5 .

of] cj:yfnfO{ cGTo ug{sf nflu ;a}eGbf k|d'v s'/f] /fhgLlt OR5fzlQm rflxG5 . /fhgLlt1n] d /fhgLltsdL{ xf]Og d /fhgLlt1 xf] eGg] s'/fsf] efjgf cfpg'k¥of] . pxfFx¿n] w]/}eGbf w]/} /fHosf nflu / yf]/} cfkm\gf] :jfy{sf nflu sfd ug'{k¥of] . cfkm\gf] :jfy{ ljNs'n} TofUg t s;}n] ;Sb}g, clxn]sf] o'udf . t/, clxn]sf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf /fhgLlt1x¿sf] h'g p2]Zo x]bf{ JolQmut :jfy{ / /fHosf] :jfy{nfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] JolQmut :jfy{sf] ef/ w]/} 5 . Tof] ef/nfO{ sd ug'{k¥of] .

csf]{ s'/f, :yfgLo txdf clxn] hgk|ltlglwx¿ cfPsf 5g\ . hgk|ltlglwnfO{ sfd ug{sf nflu ;+/rgfTds cj:yf l;h{gf ug'{k¥of] . h:t} clxn] ev{/}sf] cj:yf x]g]{ xf] eg] :yfgLo :t/df ufpFkflnsfdf zfvf

clws[t k|d'v x'g] / gu/kflnsfdf pk;lrj k|d'v x'g] k|fjwfg /flvof] . ufpFkflnsfsf] xsdf lzIffsf pk;lrjn] d zfvf clws[tsf] tn a;]/ sfd ug{ ;lSbFg, slgi6sf] tn jl/i7 a:g ldNb}g h:tf s'/fx¿ cfP . eg]kl5 ;+/rgfTds¿kdf clxn] h'g Pp6f vfsf sf]l/of], Tof] vfsf klg ldnfP/ ;'xfpFbf] agfpg'k¥of] .

hgk|ltlglw cfpFbfe|i6frf/ sd x'g]

sl/a @) jif{b]lv :yfgLo txdf sd{rf/LtGqn] sfd ul//x]sf] lyof] t/, clxn] :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rgkZrft\ hgk|ltlglwn] sfd u5{g\ . sd{rf/LtGqn] hlt e|i6frf/ dRrfPsf] lyof] To;sf] t'ngfdf hgk|ltlglwn] sd e|i6frf/ u5{ eGg ;lsG5 . e|i6frf/ x'Fb} x'Fb}g eg]/ eGg t ;lsGg t/, klxnfsf] eGbf cln sd x'G5 . of] ljZjsf] cg'ej xf] . :yfgLo txdf :yfgLo ;/sf/ x'G5 eg] / ToxfF ;+/rgfTds ldn]sf] 5 eg] e|i6frf/ 36\5 . lsgeg] ToxfF k|ToIfbzL{x¿ x'G5g\ . slt k};f cfof], slt k};f vr{ eO/x]sf] 5 ;a} s'/f lgu/fgL x'g yfN5 . ha s]Gb|af6 :yfgLo txdf ah]6 hfFbf ;a}nfO{ yfxf x'Fb}g / t/, :yfgLo:t/af6 sfd x'g yfn]kl5 of]–of] sfdsf nflu olt ah]6 cfof] eGg] s'/f ;a}n] yfxf kfpF5g\ .

ca s]Gb|af6 l;w} vr{ x'g]

dfqfdf sdL cfpF5 / ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsf:t/af6 a9\5 . o;eGbf cufl8 klg :yfgLo txdf /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx¿ lyP t/, clxn] h'g lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglw cfpF5g\ p;nfO{ s] 8/ x'G5 eg] csf]{ r'gfjdf s;/L lhTg] eGg] 8/ x'G5 . To;sf/0f lgjf{lrt k|ltlglw cfpg' / lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwsf] ¿kdf sfd ug'{ eg]sf] b'O{6f km/s km/s s'/f xf] .

csf]{ s'/f, g]kfndf e|i6frf/LnfO{ sf/afxL ug]{ sfg"gdf ;d:ofdf 5}g . xfdL;Fu sfg"g k|z:t 5 . d'n'sL P]gb]lv lnP/ clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u nufot 5g\ . ;d:of sxfF 5 eg] ha /fHonfO{ g]t[Tj ug]{ JolQm, s'g} sfof{nonfO{ g]t[Tj ug]{ JolQm cyjf s'g} ljefunfO{ g]t[Tj ug]{ JolQmn] olb t6:y eP/ bx|f] ;fy v'§f hdfP/ a:of] eg] tnsf dfG5]nfO{ e|i6frf/ ug]{ lxDdt g} cfpFb}g .

gLltut e|i6frf/s;/L cGTo ug]{ <

xfdLn] e|i6frf/;DaGwL s'/f ubf{ tLj6f s'/f cfpF5 . Pp6f 6«fo8 x'G5 . tLg hgfsf] ldn]dtf]df s'g} klg b]zdf e|i6frf/ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . Pp6f eg]sf] /fhgLlt1, bf];|f] sd{rf/LtGq / t];|f] Jofj;flos ;d'bfo x'g\ . oL tLgj6fsf] 6«fo8af6 e|i6frf/ cufl8 a9\g] xf] . oL tLgj6fsf] ;+oGqnfO{ r]s / Aofn]G; ug'{k5{ . h:t}, Jofkf/Laf6 ul/Psf] lqmofsnfkx¿nfO{ /fhgLlt1n] r]s P08 Aofn]G; u5{, /fhgLlt1n] u/]sf] lqmofsnfkx¿nfO{ Ao'/f]qm];Ln] r]s P08 Aofn]G; ug]{ . h'gdf

oL tLgj6fsf] ldngljGb" eP/ e|i6frf/ ;'¿ x'G5, To;nfO{ s'g} xfntdf /f]Sg ;lsFb}g . olb oL tLgj6f ;+oGqnfO{ e|i6frf/ u/]/} cufl8 a9\g] ha gLlt x'G5, To;kl5 s;}n] jf s'g} sfg"gn] s]xL ub}{g .

e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug{ef/taf6 l;Sg'kg]{

;g\ !($& df l5d]sL ldq/fi6« ef/t :jtGq ePsf] xf] . To;kl5 clxn];Ddsf] Oltxf;nfO{ cWoog ug]{ xf] eg] ef/tdf ljleGg lsl;dsf /fhgLlts r]tgfx¿, nf]stflGqs k|0ffnLx¿sf] ;'¿cft eof] . pxfFx¿n] nf]stflGqs cEof; cufl8 a9fpg'eof] . df]bL ;/sf/ cfPkl5 t olt;Dd nf]stflGqs cEof; eof] ls clxn] e|i6frf/ ug]{x¿ slt ;hu 5 egL xfdL x]g{ ;S5f}+ .

g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts cj:yf klg clnslt sdhf]/ g} /Xof] . lsgeg] /f0ff zf;gdf PstGqLo zf;g lyof] . zfx zf;g cfof], /fhtGq cfof], /fhtGq klg nfdf] ;do;Dd rNof] g]kfndf . To;kl5 k|hftGqsf] k'g:yf{kgf eof] . oL /fhgLlts h'g pynk'yn eO/x]sf] 5, clxn];Dd l:y/ x'g;s]g . ha–ha /fhgLlt cl:y/ x'G5, Tof] cj:yf e|i6frf/sf nflu plrt ;do xf] . s'g} klg b]zdf ha–ha /fhgLlt pynk'yn x'G5 Tof] a]nfdf e|i6frf/ ug]{x¿ cufl8 cfpF5g\ .

;/sf/n] dw]zsf nflu clt Go"g ah]6 5'6\ofpg] u/]sf] 5 / To;df klg cfPsf] ah]6 k"0f{¿kdf vr{ x'g] u/]sf] 5}g . clt Go"g ah]6dWo] vr{ g} geO{ lk|mh x'g] u/]sf] cj:yf klg /x]sf] 5 . of] ;d:of ;du| g]kfns} b]lvPsf] 5 .

;~rf/ dfWoddf cfPcg';f/ s"n k'FhLut ah]6sf] nueu !& k|ltzt ah]6 dfq vr{ ePsf] cj:yf /x]sf] 5 .

;fKtflxs@)&$ ;fpg @& ut] z'qmaf/ &

Do'lhs lel8of]dfk'm6an/ ljqmd

v]nf8Ln] klg UNofd/ If]qdf j]nfj]nfdf kfOnf xfn]sf] xfdLn] x]b}{ cfPsf 5f}F . k]m;g ;f], lkmNd / lj1fkgdf ;]n]la|6L v]nf8Ln] sfd ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . of] ;"rLdf /fli6«o k'm6an v]nf8L ljqmd nfdf klg ylkPsf 5g\ .

ljqmdn] clego u/]sf] Pp6f Do'lhs lel8of] ev{/} l/lnh ePsf] 5 . k|sfz Oª\gfdsf] zAb / xl/ nD;fnsf] ;+uLt /x]sf] …cfFvfx¿Ú af]nsf] pQm uLtnfO{ s]aL /fO{n] ufPsf x'g\ .

;ª\; g]kfnsf] o'6\o'a Rofgnaf6 ut xKtf l/lnh ul/Psf] lel8of]nfO{ ;~rf/sdL{ dx]z lnDa"n] lgb]{zg u/]sf x'g\ . lel8of]df 1fg]Gb| zdf{sf] 5fof+sg, bLks

lji6sf] ;Dkfbg, ;[li6 yfkf du/sf] z[+uf/ / ¥ofg sfsL{sf] lqmol6e lgb]{zg /x]sf] 5 .

@* jifL{o k'm6an/ ljqmd ly|:6f/ Snasf nflu ld8lkmN8/ kf]lh;gaf6 v]N5g\ . g]kfnsf] 3/]n' k'm6an ;':tfPsf sf/0f s]xL dlxgfb]lv pgL OG8f]g]l;ofsf] bf];|f] >]0fLsf] Sna k;]{kd db'/f ptdfaf6 v]Nb} cfPsf 5g\ . pgn] g]kfnsf] /fli6«o l6daf6 @! v]n v]ln;s]sf 5g\ .

ljqmdnfO{ lel8of]df v]nf8Ls} ¿kdf x]g{ kfOG5 . Rof;n v]n d}bfgdf 6«]lgª ul//x]sf ljqmdsf] hluª ug{ cfpg] Ps o'jtL;Fu dfof ufFl;g] syf lel8of]df /x]sf] 5 . pQm o'jtLsf] e"ldsfdf cfh'{ v/]nn] clego u/]sL l5g\ .

;~rf/sdL{ lnDa"n] klxnf]k6s lel8of] lgb]{zg u/]sf x'g\ . …lel8of]sf] sG;]K6 lgsfNbf g} v]nf8L cfjZos k/]sfn] ljqmdnfO{ v]nfPsf xf}F,Ú lnDa"n] yk], …ljqmdn] klg ;lhn} Sofd]/f k]m; u/]/ b]vfPsf 5g\ . h;n] ubf{ lel8of] /fd|f] aGg ;xof]u k'u]sf] 5 .Ú

/fli6«o v]nf8L ePsfn] ljqmdnfO{ /fd|} kfl/>lds lbP/ lel8of]df v]nfOPsf] lnDa"n] atfP . ljqmds} ;+nUgtfsf sf/0f lel8of]n] km/svfn] k|ltlqmof a6'ln/x]sf] pgn] kfPsf 5g\ .

pNemgdf /hgLlgb{ ]zs /fh' clwsf/Ln] gofF lkmNd …pNemg

lhGbuLÚsf] ;'l6ª yfn]sf 5g\ . ;f]daf/ /fhwfgLdf k|];ld6 u/L clwsf/Ln] lkmNdaf/] hfgsf/L lbPsf x'g\ .

s]xL b[Zo o'/f]kdf lvlr;lsPsf] lkmNddf /f]huf/Lsf] l;nl;nfdf ljb]z uPsf o'jfsf] ;kgf, ;+3if{ / kL8fsf] syf k|:t't ul/Psf] lgb{]zs clwsf/L atfpF5g\ . …

lab]l;Psf o'jfsf] ;kgf, ToxfF u/]sf] ;+3if{ / kl/jf/df cfPsf] ;d:ofsf] ljifo p7fg u/]sf] 5,Ú l:qmK6 /fO6/;d]t /x]sf clwsf/L eG5g\, …lkmNddf g]kfnL ;dfhsf] Pp6f oyfy{ kl/b[Zo b]vfpg] sf]l;; u/]sf] 5' .Ú

/hgL s];L, w|'j bQ, a]gL 9'+ufgf, bLks 9sfnnufotsf] clego /x]sf] lkmNdsf] sfo{sf/L lgdf{tfdf gjLg clwsf/L

/ gf/fo0f 9'+ufgf 5g\ . sfo{qmddf cleg]qL s];Ln] pNemgsf] ljifoa:t' dg k/]sf] atfOg\ . To;}u/L, cleg]tf w'|j bQn] pNemgn] j}b]lzs /f]uhf/Ldf uPsf g]kfnLsf] kL8f k|:t't ug{] bfaL u/] . ;f]daf/ pb\3f]if ul/P klg lkmNdsf] zlgaf/b]lv g} /fhwfgLdf 5fof+sg eO/x]sf] lgdf{0f kIfn] hgfPsf] 5 .

Pnlh l;g];s{n cjf8{ ;DkGg

PnhL l;g] ;s{n cjf8{ ;f]daf/ /fhwfgLdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . l;g] ;s{n g]kfnsf] cfof]hgf / b lbg]z l8;L k|f]8S;gn] Joj:yfkg u/]sf] sfo{qmddf …dfOtL3/Ú lkmNdsf cleg]tf, cleg]qL l;kL nf]xgL / dfnf l;Gxf nf]xgLnfO{ ljz]if ;Ddfg k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g nf]xgL bDktL ef/taf6 sf7df8f}+ cfPsf x'g\ .

pk/fi6«klt gGbaxfb'/ k'gsf] k|d'v cfltYodf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf åGå lgb]{zs PgaL dxh{gnfO{ %! xhf/ gub /flz;lxt nfOkm 6fOd Plred]G6 cjf8{ k|bfg ul/of] .

ljleGg @# ljwfdf cjf8{ k|bfg ul/Psf] bf];|f] ;+:s/0fsf] PnhL l;g] ;s{n cjf8{df …hfqfÚn] pTs[i6 lkmNd, lgb{]zs / k6syf -k|bLk e§/fO{ _, 5fof+sf/ -bL3{ u'?ª_, cleg]tf -ljlkg sfsL{_ / cleg]qL -jiff{ /fpt_sf] ̂ j6f cjf8{ lhTof] . …5Ssf kGhfÚn] ;jf{lws Joj;fo ug{ ;kmn lkmNdsL lgb{]zs -bLkf>L lg/f}nf_, pTs[i6 rlr{t cleg]tf -bLks/fh lu/L_, rlr{t cleg]qL -lk|o+sf sfsL{_, pTs[i6 sf]l/of]u|fkm/ -slj/fh uxt/fh_, / pTs[i6 kf]:6/ l8hfOg/ -;'Gb/ >]i7_ u/L kfFrj6f cjf8{ lhTof] .

…n'6–@Ú n] pTs[i6 kfZj{uflosf -dLgf lg/f}nf_, jif{sf] rlr{t uLt -7d]n ahf/, sfnLk|;fb af:sf]6f_ / pTs[i6 6]«n/ -;'/]Gb| kf}8]n_ u/L tLgj6f cjf8{ lhTof] . …k'/fgf] 8'+ufÚsf] …lg/ hlxn] l/;fpg]Úaf6 sfnLk|;fb af:sf]6fn] pTs[i6 ;+uLtsf/sf] cjf8{ lht] eg] oxL lkmNdaf6 dfcf]T;] u'?ª / d]g'sf k|wfgn] pTs[i6 hf]8Lsf] cjf8{ kfP . ho kz{'/fd lkmNdaf6 /fh' tfdfªn] jif{sf] pTs[i6 :6G6sf] cjf8{ lht] . oxL lkmNdaf6 ;Tod\ /fgf / ;'bLk cfrfo{n] lePkmPS;sf] cjf8{ k|fKt u/] .

…ufhn'Ú lkmNdn] pTs[i6 kfZj{;+uLt -z}n]; >]i7_df lrQ a'emfof] . lxdfn s];Ln] …s] d ltd|f] xf]Og /Úsf nflu pTs[i6 åGå lgb{]zssf] cjf8{ lht] eg] jL/ljqmdaf6 ch{'g lh;Ln] pTs[i6 ;Dkfbs, o'j/fh rf}nfufO+{n] …knf;Ú lkmNdsf] …ltdL ;fy xF'bfÚ af]nsf uLtsf nflu pTs[i6 kfZj{ufossf] cjf8{ kfP . …lah'nL d]l;gÚn] jif{sf] ;x|fgLo lkmNdsf] cjf8{ k|fKt u¥of] . ;]n]la|6L tyf ;~rf/sdL{sf] Go"g pkl:ylt /x]sf] cjf8{ ljt/0f sfo{qmddf lkmNdsdL{eGbf cGo If]qsf dfG5]x¿sf] pkl:ylt afSnf] lyof] .

Do'lhs va/ cjf8{df/fds[i0f / h'gf ;jf{]Ts[i6 5}6f}F Do'lhs va/ Do'lhs cjf8{ cfOtaf/ /fhwfgLdf

;DkGg ePsf] 5 . Do'lhs va/ 86sdsf] cfof]hgfdf xF'b} cfPsf] cjf8{ ljt/0f ;df/f]xdf jl/i6 uLtsf/ /Tgzdz]/ yfkfnfO{ @% xhf/ kfFr ;o %% gub /flz;lxt Do'lhs va/ bL3{;fwgf ;Ddfg k|bfg ul/of] .

u[xdGqL hgfb{g zdf{sf] k|d'v cfltYodf ;DkGg ;df/f]xdf nf]s, kk, cfw'lgs, kfZj{ufog, ;+uLt, Do'lhs lel8of] clego, gjk|ltefnufotsf ljleGg #$ ljwfdf cjf8{ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf Do'lhs va/ bzs >i6f ;Ddfg ufos lzlz/ of]uL / uflosf ;Tosnf /fO{nfO{ k|bfg ul/of] . To;}u/L, afnk|ltef k|f]T;fxg ;Ddfg afnufos a]u]Gb| a'9fn] k|fKt u/] . Do'lhs va/ 8fo:kf]/f ;+uLt ;Ddfgaf6 ufos a'l4dfg l3l;ªnfO{ ;Ddflgt ul/of] . kfFr xhf/ kfFr ;o %% gub /flzsf] Do'lhs va/ ;+uLt kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/ 8f= gj/fh nD;fnnfO{ k|bfg ul/of] . Do'lhs va/ o'jf k|ltef k'/:sf/af6 kbdaxfb'/ /f]sfo ;Ddflgt eP .

glan a}+såf/f j[If/f]k0fglan a}+sn] ##cf}F jflif{sf]T;jsf] cj;/ kf/]/ ljleGg ;fdflhs

lqmofsnfk ;~rfng ug]{ qmddf sf7df8f}+sf] dLgejgl:yt afudtL lsgf/df j[If/f]k0f tyf ;/;kmfO u/]sf] 5 .

:yfgLo hgtfnfO{ ;'ljwf xf];\ eg]/ ;fgf] rf}tf/L lgdf{0f ug]{ / j[If/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qnfO{ kmnfd] tf/af/ nufO{ ;'/lIft ug]{ sfdsf] ;'?jft a}+ssf cWoIf zDe'k|;fb kf}8\ofnn] u/] . ;f] cj;/df a}+ssf ;~rfnsx¿, k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t / a}+ssf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] pkl:ylt lyof] .

glan a}+sn] ;+:yfut ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjsf] Ps c+zsf ¿kdf z}lIfs lqmofsnfk, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw, :jf:Yo, ;flxTo tyf snf, jftfj/0f cflb If]qdf ;xof]u k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o:tf ljleGg ;fdflhs sNof0fsf sfddf lg/Gt/ ¿kdf k|lta4 /x]sf] klg cWoIf kf}8\ofnn] atfP .

k|e' Soflk6nsf] df]afOn PK;k|e' Soflk6nn] cfkm\gf] ;]jf;DaGwL hfgsf/L u/fpg] p2]Zon] df]afOn

PK; NofPsf] 5 . nufgLaf/] l56f] tyf ;/n tl/sfaf6 hfgsf/L lbg] p2]Zon] nufgLstf{sf] ;'ljwfnfO{ nlIft u/L o:tf] ;]jf ;'? ul/Psf] sDkgLn] hgfPsf] 5 .

;]jf xfn PG8«f]O8 df]afOn k|of]ustf{n] 8fpgnf]8 u/L pkof]u ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . o;af6 k|e' Soflk6ndf lxtu|fxL vftf vf]n]sf nufgLstf{n] cfkm\gf] ;]o/ ljj/0f cgnfOgdf x]g{ ldNg], sf/f]af/af/] hfgsf/L lng ;lsg], cfOlkcf], Pkmlkcf]sf] glthfsf ;fy} To;df k/]sf] ;]o/nufot sDkgLsf] af]g; tyf xsk|b ;]o/ vftfdf hDdf eP–gePsf]af/] h'g;'s} :yfgaf6 klg u|fxsn] hfgsf/L lng ;Sg] sDkgLn] hgfPsf] 5 .

lxtu|fxLn] lbPsf] cef}lts lgj]bg tyf sfuhftdf s'g} lsl;dsf] q'l6 eO{ ;DalGwt ;]o/ /lh:6«f/af6 lkmtf{ cfPdf ;f]sf] hfgsf/L klg o:tf] ;'ljwfdfkm{Tf lng ;lsg]5 . o;af6 sDkgLn] ;]o/ /lh:6«f/sf] ;]jf lbO/x]sf sDkgL;DaGwL k|sflzt ;"rgf, hf/L xsk|b ;]o/df cfkm"n] eg{ kfpg] lsQfaf/] hfgsf/L tyf cfkm"n] kfpg] af]g; ;]o/df nfUg] s/ /sd ;DaGwdf ;d]t hfgsf/L lng ;lsg]5 . Pkdf g]kfn :6s PS;r]Ghsf] j]a;fO6 klg x]g{ ;lsg] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] sDkgLn] atfPsf] 5 .

n'lDagLsf] zfvf :yfgfGt/0fn'lDagL ljsf; a}+sn] g'jfsf]6sf] v8\ueGHofª uflj;df /x]sf] zfvfnfO{

ljb'/ gu/kflnsf b]jL3f6df :yfgfGt/0f u/]sf] 5 . a}+sn] u|fxsnfO{ yk ;xh Pj+ ;/n a}+lsª sf/f]af/ ;'ljwf lbg] p2]Zon] ef}lts k"jf{wf/o'Qm b]jL3f6df zfvf sfof{no :yfgfGt/0f u/]sf] xf] . zfvf :yfgfGt/0f a}+s ;~rfns ;ldltsf cWoIf ;'zLn/fh k/fh'nLn] u/]sf lyP . pgn] b]jL3f6 zfvfaf6 :yfgLon] cTofw'lgs a}+lsª ;]jf lng ;Sg] atfP . xfn a}+ssf %! zfvf ;~hfn 5g\ .

;'gLn ;]§Ln] u/] rGb|flul/ s]ansf/ e|d0f

ef/tLo cleg]tf ;'gLn ;]§Ln] rGb|flul/ e|d0f u/]sf 5g\ . e|d0fsf qmddf ;]§Ln] efn]Zj/ dxfb]jsf] bz{g ug{'sf ;fy} dgf]/d b[Zosf] cjnf]sg u/]sf] rGb|flul/ lxN;n] hgfPsf] 5 .

cgf}krfl/s e|d0fsf nflu g]kfn cfPsf ;]§LnfO{ rGb|flul/df rGb|flul/ lxN;sf dxfk|aGws cleif]sljqmd zfxn] :jfut u/]sf lyP . pgn] ;]§LnfO{ kl/of]hgfsf] :ynut e|d0f klg u/fPsf lyP . sfo{qmddf ;]§Ln] sf7df8f}+sf] pRr :yfgdf ;'Gb/ ko{6sLo uGtJosf ¿kdf rGb|flul/ /x]sf] atfP . pgn] rGb|flul/ lxN;sf ;Dk"0f{ kl/jf/nfO{ ;d]t wGojfb lbPsf] sDkgLn] hgfPsf] 5 . P]ltxfl;s, ;f+:s[lts tyf k|fs[lts dxTj af]s]sf] rGb|flul/ 8fF8fdf sDkgLn] efn]Zj/ dxfb]j dlGb/, ;Qn, Eo" 6fj/, lrN8«]g kfs{ / ;]ldgf/ xnnufotsf k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f u/]/ rGb|flul/ 8fF8fnfO{ PsLs[t ko{6sLo uGtJosf ¿kdf ljsf; ul//x]sf] 5 .

cf]dsf] d'gfkmf $# s/f]8eGbf a9Lkf]v/fdf d'Vo sfof{no /x]sf] cf]d 8]enkd]G6 a}+sn]] cfj )&#÷&$ df

$# s/f]8 #$ nfv v'b d'gfkmf u/]sf] 5 . ;f]xL cjlwdf !^ ca{ ̂ s/f]8 lgIf]k ;+sng, !$ ca{ % s/f]8 shf{ nufgL u/]sf] a}+sn] hgfPsf] 5 .

a}+ssf xfn zfvf ;+Vof $! 5g\ eg] g]kfn /fi6« a}+saf6 !@ j6f gofF zfvf vf]Ng :jLs[lt k|fKt ul/;s]sf] 5 . a}+sn] g]kfn On]S6«f]lgS; k]d]G6 l;:6d -g]K;_;Fu u|fxsnfO{ le;f sf8{ ljt/0f ug{] ;Demf}tf ul/;s]sf] 5 .

;]o/wgLnfO{ @#=% k|ltzt af]g; ;]o/ ljt/0f u/L #) k|ltzt xsk|b ljt/0fkl5 r'Qmf k'FhL @ ca{ %) s/f]8eGbf a9L x'g] a}+ssf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t ljZjdf]xg clwsf/Ln] hfgsf/L lbP .

:6\ofG88{ rf6{8{nfO{Pl;of a]:6 ODKnf]o/ cjf8{

:6\ofG88{ rf6{8{ a}+s g]kfn Pl;of a]:6 ODKnf]o/ a|fG8 cjf8{ @)!& åf/f ;Ddflgt ePsf] 5 . l;+ufk'/df ! cu:6df ePsf] cjf8{sf] cf7f}F ;+:s/0fdf pQm cjf8{ k|bfg ul/Psf] xf] . ODKnf]o/ a|flG8ª OlG:6Ro'6 -OlacfO{_, jN8{ Prcf/8L s+u|]; / /0fgLlts ;fe]mbf/x¿åf/f x/]s jif{ k|bfg ul/g] ;f] cjf8{ g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 l;+ufk'/sf] :6\ofG88{ rf6{8{ a}+sn] u|x0f u/]sf] lyof] . Oltxf; / Joj:yfkgdf :gftsf]Q/ u/]sf, * jif{eGbf a9L cg';Gwfgsf] cg'ej xfl;n u/]sf Pl;ofsf :jtGq k|f]km];gn JolQmx¿sf] Ps ;d"xn] k|To]s /fi6«df pTs[i6 /f]huf/bftfsf ;DaGwdf a]Unfa]Un} cg';Gwfg u/]sf lyP .

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g]dlskf===cg';f/ b'O{ jf ltg bnLo tfgfzfxL yKg] / bz{g jf ljrf/sf cfwf/df u7g eO{ ;~rfng u/]sf bnx?nfO{ k|ltaGw nufpg gkfpg] ;+ljwfgsf] k|fjwfg ljkl/t y|];xf]N8 NofOPsf] eGb} To;sf] lj/f]w u/]sf] 5 . a}7skl5 pQm kf6L{sf ;lrj k|]d ;'jfnåf/f hf/L jQmJodf elgPsf] 5 To;}n] kl/ifb\n] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg / y|];xfn}8 ;DaGwL b'j} ljw]ossf ck|hftflGqs bkmfsf] lj/f]wdf lhNnf lhNnfdf kf6L{sf] hgjuL{o / k]zfut ;+u7g dfkm{t lj/f]w ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . s]Gb|Lo kl/ifb\n] eQmk'/ gu/kflnsfsf d]o/ tyf kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;lrjnfO{ k|b]z g+= ^ sf] OGrfh{;d]t tf]s]sf] 5 eg] !,@,% / & sf] ;+of]hssf] lhDd]jf/L kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox? qmdz g/]Gb| x'dfufO{, lbj; ;fx, xl/;'Gb/af;L / al/hl;+x ljsnfO{ lbg] lg0f{o ;d]t u/]sf] 5 . kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo

;lrj Pj+ ;f+;b k|]d ;'jfnnfO{ eg] k|b]z g+= @ sf] ;+of]hs agfPsf] 5 . k|b]z g+= $ sf] lhDd]jf/L eg] kf6L{sf] ljBfyL{ ;+u7gsf cWoIf lg/h njh'nfO{ lbPsf] 5 .

kf6L{n] b'j} r/0fsf] :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rgsf] ;ldIff ;d]t u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L p;n] k"FhLjfbL bn g]kfnL sfFu|];, g]skf Pdfn] / dfcf]jfbL;d]tn] lgjf{rg cfrf/;+lxtf pnn+3g ul/ hgtfnfO{ em'7f cfZjf;g lbPsf ef]het]/ v'jfpg] ;fdfg / k};f ljt/0f ug]{ sfdsf] lj/f]w ub]{ hfg] / cfufdL lbgdf klg ;dfhjfbL cfGbf]ng / b]z elQmk"0f{ ;+3if{ rnfO{/fVg] lg0f{o;d]t u/]sf] 5 . :d/0f /xf];\ ;+;bsf] k|d'v k|ltkIfL bn g]skf Pdfn];Fu ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] d'2fdf g]dlskf ljkIfdf plePsf] 5 . p;n] klg ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfsf] lxtdf gePsf] eGb} ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] ljw]os g} ;+;baf6 lkmtf{ lng ;/sf/;Fu dfu ;d]t u/]sf] 5 .

af]nfP/ wDSofOof], dxfjfl0fHob"tfjf;sf] sfd /fhgLlt ug]{ xf] ls Jofkf/ / ;DaGwlt/ Wofg lbg] xf] eg]/ k|Zg u/]sf lyP . st} k|wfgdGqL b]pjfsf] ef/t e|d0f r'gfjs} ljifonfO{ lnP/ x'g nfu]sf] t xf]Og < eg]/ k|Zg ;d]t u/] . t/ ;Qfwf/Lx?n] o; dfldnfdf s'g} hjfkm lbg'k5{ eg]/ ;efd'vsf] ?lnª cfPg .

Pdfn]n] ef/tLo dxfjfl0fHo b"tfjf;n] /fhgLlt ul//x]sf] / 3";k}7sf nflu ef?sf] vfnf] aufPsf] ;d]t cf/f]k nufPsf 5g\ . o; dfldnfdf ef/tLo dxfjfl0fHo / b"tfjf;n] s'g} k|ltlqmof hgfPsf 5}gg\ . pgLx? df}g a;]/} / cf/f]k ;x]/} @ gDa/ If]qdf cfkm"cg's"n pd]bjf/x? lhtfP/ cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf] cfjfh p7fpg rfxG5g\ .

ef/tLo dxfjfl0fHo b"tfjf;n] h'g k|sf/sf] k|ToIf x:tIf]ksf/L / 3";k}7;d]tsf] /fhgLlt ul//x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5, o;af6 /fhkfn] lsg Ps dw]; Ps k|b]zsf] cfjfh p7fP, lsg dw];fnO{ kxf8af6 cnu /fv]/ @ k|b]zdf lrQ a'emfpg] s'/f u/] / c+uLs[t tyf lxGbLefifffnO{ /fli6«o efiffsf] dfGotf;lxtsf] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgdf cl8/x]sf 5g\ eGg] clxn] cfP/ :ki6 ePsf] 5 .

/fhkfn] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg geP r'gfjdf efu lng g;lsg] elg/x]sf] 5 / lg0f{ofy{ ;+;bdf k]z ug{ bafa lbO/x]sf 5g\ . k|d b]pjfn] kf; geP dnfO{ cK7]/f] k5{, ef/t e|d0faf6 kms]{ cfPkl5 k]z ug]{ cfZjf;g lbPsf 5g\ . b]pjfsf] ef/t e|d0fdf s] To:tf] rdTsf/ x'G5 / pgL kms{gf;fy ;+ljwfg ;++zf]wg k|:tfj kfl/t x'g] xf] < of] ljifo ljZn]ifsx?sf nflu ljrf/0fLo ljifo ag]sf] 5 .

h'g k|rf/ ub}{5 To;df dw];sf hgtfn] ;fy lbg ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g . & k|b]z dWo]sf ^ k|b]zdf :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg eO;s]sf] / hgtfn] :yfgLo txdf cfkm\gf k|ltlglwx? kfO{;s]sf] cj:yfdf ca k|b]z g+= @ df lgjf{rg /f]Sg ;Sg] tfut /fhkfdf dfq 5}g . :yfgLo hgtfn] g} lgjf{rg rflx/x]sf 5g\ . olb k|b]z g+= @ df c;f]h @ ut] lgjf{rg gx'g] xf] eg] To; If]qsf] ljsf; lgdf{0f w]/} kl5 kg]{ / hgtfn] ;d]t cgfxsdf b'Mv si6 kfpg] x'gfn] /fhkfn] cfkm\gf] x7 TofuL :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rgdf ;xeflu x'g' g} plrt x'g]5 . s]xL g]tfx?sf] /fhgLlts eljio ;'/lIft ug]{ gfddf k|b]z g+= @ sf hgtfnfO{ b]vfP/ :yfgLo txsf k|b]z g+= @ sf] lgjf{rg /f]lsP jf ljyf]lnP ;a} eGbf 7"nf] 3f6f /fhkfs} g]tfx? nfO{ x'g] / To; If]qsf hgtfsf] tf/f]df ;d]t /fhkfs} g]tfx? kg]{5g\ . lgjf{rgdf lhTg] ljZjf; /fhkfsf g]tfx?df 5 eg] pgLx?n] l56f] lgjf{rg u/fpg bafa lbg'kg]{df lgjf{rg efF8\g] ljyf]Ng] pb\3f]if ug'{sf] Pp6} sf/0f lgjf{rgdf xfl/g] 8/ .

ljZjJofkL l;4fGt cg';f/ h'g;'s} d'n'ssf /fhgLlts bnx? lst ;/sf/df a;]/ ;/sf/nfO{ k"0f{ ;xof]u ub{5g\ ls t k|ltkIfdf a;]/ zlQmzfnL k|ltkIfLsf] e"ldsf lgefpg] k/Dk/f /xL cfPsf] 5 . t/ /fhkfsf] x}l;ot clxn] s] < k|wfgdGqLsf] lgjf{rg ;'6'Ss uP/ k|wfgdGqLsf kIfdf dt xfNg] t/ cfkm}Fn] lgjf{lrt u/]sf] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ lj/f]w ug]{ < k|wfgdGqLnfO{ lj/f]w ug]{ xf] eg] p;n] ;/sf/nfO{ lbPsf] ;dy{g lsg lkmtf{ lng ;Sb}g < clxn] /fhkfsf] kf]lh;g s] xf] ;Qf kIf ls ljkIfL < ca o;sf] pQ/ /fhkfn] hgtfnfO{ lbg'k5{ .

;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgs]f d'2fnfO{ b]vfP/ lgjf{rgdf ghfg] xf] eg] /fhkfsf] /fhgLlts eljio cGwsf/ /xg] k|fo lglZrt h:t} /x]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] ljkIfdf /x]sf /fli6«o k|hftgq kf6L{sf s]xL ;f+;bx?nfO{ ;/sf/n] g} ljeflht ul/lbPsf] cf/f]k /fk|kfsf cWoIf sdn yfkfn] nufPsf 5g\ . vf; ul/ k|wfgdGqLs} ;lqmotfdf /fk|kf ljeflht ePsf] 5 . /fk|kf ljeflht ePkl5 /fk|kfn] ;/sf/nfO{ lbPsf] ;dy{g lkmtf{ lnPsf] 5 . z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfpg] a]nfdf pgsf] kIfdf # ;o ** dt

k/]sf] lyof], ca ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] a]nf Tolt dt ;+zf]wgsf kIfdf ghfg] lglZrt ePsf] 5 . kz'klt zdz]/ /f0ffn] g]t[Tj u/]sf] /fk|kf k|hftflGqsdf uPsf k|fo ;a} ;f+;bx? lxhf] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] ljkIfdf lyP, s] cfh pgLx?n] ;Qf kfpg] nf]en] ubf{ ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf kIfdf dtbfg unf{g\ < s] cWoIf /f0ffn] To;sf nflu cfkm\gf] ;a} ;f+;bnfO{ Ps l9Ssf /fVg ;Snfg\ < k|wfgdGqL b]pjfn] /fk|kf k|hftflGqssf s]xL ;f+;bnfO{ dGqL agfPklg ;a}nfO{ agfpg ;Sg] s'g} ;Defjgf g/x]sf]n] ubf{ /fk|kf k|hftflGqsleq km]l/ efF8e}nf] dlRrg] / pgLx?dfly dGqL vfg kf6L{ ljeflht u/]sf] cf/f]k ;d]t nfUg ;Sg] ePsfn] pgLx?n] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] kIfdf dt xfNg ;Sg] cj:yf b]lvFb}g . To;}n] ca /fhkfn] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf d'2fnfO{ yftL /fv]/ lgjf{rgdf hfg' g} a]z x'g]5 olb To;f] gePsf] v08df /fhkf;d]t ljeflht x'g ;Sg] 7f]s'jf Ps /fhkfs} g]tfn] u/]sf 5g\ . b]pjf k|wfgdGqL ePsf a]nf kf6L{ ljeflht u/fpg vKkL; /x]sf / pgn] ljutsf] /]s8{nfO{ sfod u/fP/} 5f]8\g] tL g]tfn] atfPsf 5g\ .

/fk|kfkl5===

To;}n] clxn]sf] ;/sf/ ckljq u7aGwg xf] . o;n] /fd|f] glthf lbg g;Sg] atfpFb} o;n] b]znfO{ e8\vfnf]df xfNg ;Sg] atfpFb} ca ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg x'g g;Sg] / Pdfn]nfO{ klxnf] kf6L{ agfjf6 s;}n] /f]Sg' g;Sg] 7f]s'jf;d]t u/]sf lyP . s'g} s'gfdf a;]/ Pdfn]sf] lj/f]w ub}{df hgtfn] Pdfn]sf] ;fy g5f]8\g] lhls/ cWoIf cf]nLsf] lyof] .

;f]xL sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ Pdfn]sf dxf;lrj OZj/ kf]v/]nn] Pdfn]sf] ;/sf/ ljgf b]zsf ;d:of ;dwfg gx'g] atfpFb} clxn]sf] b]pjf g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/ b]zdf a|Xdn'6 dRrfpg ;lqmo /x]sf] cf/f]k

nufpFb} g]skf Pdfn]nfO{ l;WofP/ b]zdf a|Xdn'6 dRrfpg] kf6L{x?sf] /fi6«3ftL ;f]Frsf] cGTosf nflu hgtfn] ;f]Rg'kg]{ a]nf cfPsf] lhls/ dxf;lrj kf]v/]nsf lyof] . csf{ g]skf Pdfn]sf jl/i7 g]tf emngfy vgfnn] ;Qfsf] b'?kof]u u/]/ lrtjgsf] e/tk'/df lgjf{rg lht]sf] cf/f]k nufPsf 5g\ . g]tf vgfnn] k};f af8]/ /fHon] lht lgsfn]sf] atfpFb} sfFu|]; / dfcf]jfbL ldn]/ hfnem]n u/]/ Pdfn]sf pDd]bjf/nfO{ x/fOPsf] atfPsf lyP . e/tk'/df nf]stGq x/fPsf] cf/f]k g]tf vgfnsf] lyof] . pgn] cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] lj/f]w x'Fbfx'Fb} klg /fHon] ;Qfsf] b'?kof]u u/]/ lht ePsf] 3f]if0ff ul/Pklg e/tk'/sf hgtfsf] nflu eg] Tof] b'ef{Uosf ljifo xf] eGg ;d]t EofPsf lyP .

r'gfj cl3 /fk|kfnfO{ x/fcf}+ eg]/ cleofg g} 5]8]sf e/t s];/ l;+x P08 sDkgLn] :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rgdf /fk|kfsf] g/fd|f] glthf cfPkl5 ef]hs} cfof]hgf u/]sf lyP, clxn] cfP/ kz'kltzdz]/n] kf6L{ km'6fpFbf ljZjlxGb' dxf;+3df lbglbg} ef]hsf] cfof]hgf ub}{ /fhfnfO{ wf]sf lbg]nfO{ lsgf/f nufOlbG5f}+ eg]/ sf]7] ukmdf Jo:t ePsf] b]lvG5 . ut dlxgf efhkfsf k|jQmfn] g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df af]Ng] xs 5 ef/tnfO{ eGbf bª\u kg]{ e/ts]z/ ;d"x ef/tjfbL, ho lxGb eGb} lx8\g'n] /fhfjfbL ljZjlxGb' dxf;+3sf] ef/tLos/0f eO;s]5 ls s;f] <;/sf/n] /fli6«o;ef u7g;Fu ;DjlGwt ;+ljwfgdf /x]sf] Joj:yf ;+zf]wg ug{ b'O{ k6s ;+zf]wg ljw]os ;+;bdf nu]sf] eP klg To;sf] 6'+uf] nfUg g;s]sf] x'gfn] lgjf{rg cfof]un] /fli6«o;ef lgjf{rg ;DjGwL d:of}bf ljw]os agfpg g;s]sf] eP klg cj eg] p;n] ;+ljwfgdf /x]sf] Joj:yf cg';f/ g} d:of}bf ljw]os tof/ kfg]{ sfd yfn]sf coff]u ;"qn] atfPsf] 5 . ;/sf/n] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf nflu b'O{–b'O{ k6s ;+zf]wg k|:tfj ;+;bdf btf{ u/]sf] eP klg xfn;Dd Tof] ;+zf]wg k|:tfjsf af/]df st} 5nkmn / jx; x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf nflu b'O{ ltxfO{ cyf{t # ;o (% ;f+;b rflxg] / ;/sf/;Fu Tof] ;+Vofdf ;f+;b gePsf]n] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ljw]os cl3 a9fpg ;/sf/n] g} rflx/x]sf 5}g . ;/sf/n] @)&@ d+l;/ !$ / @)&@ r}q @( ut] u/L b'O{ k6s ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg k|:tfj ;+;bdf btf{ u/fPsf] eP klg d+l;/ !$ sf] k|:tfj lkmtf{ lnP/ r}q @( ut] km]l/ btf{ u/fPsf] lyof] .

;+ljwfg cg';f/ /fli6«o;ef ;b:o rogsf nflu lgjf{rgdf /flvPsf k|b]z;ef ;b:o, ufpFkfnlsfn cWoIf / pkfWoIf gu/kflnsfsf d]o/ / pkd]o/sf] dtbftfsf af/]df km/s km/s Joj:yf ul/Psf] / xfn;Dd Tof] dtbftfsf af/]df bnx?n] ;d]t s'g} ;'emfj lgjf{rg cfof]nfO{ lbg g;s]sf x'gfn] /fli6«o;ef lgjf{rg d:of}bf ljw]os lgdf{0f ug{ cfof]unfO{ s7LgfO{ k/]sf] cfof]u ;"qn] atfPsf] 5 .

:jtGq ?kn] If]q lgwf{/0f ug{ If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]unfO{ Pdfn]n] Wofgfsif{0f ;d]t u/fPsf] 5 . p;n] hg;+Vof ef}uf]lns cg's"ntf / ljlzi7tf ;Gt'lnt ?kdf k|ltljlDjt x'g] ul/ tyf s'g} k|sf/sf] bafadf gkl/ ;+ljwfgsf] Joj:yf, dd{ / efjgf cg'?k / :jtGq ?kdf sfd ug{ If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]unfO{ cfu|x ;d]t u/]sf] 5 . :yfoL ;ldltsf] a}7skl5 dxf;lrj OZj/ kf]v/]nåf/f hf/L lj1lKtdf oL s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf 5g\ . cfof]usf] sfdnfO{ ;+ljwfg cg';f/ :jtGq / lgikIf ?kdf ug{ jftfj/0f ldnfpg p;n] ;/sf/nfO{ ;d]t Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf] 5 . :yfoL ;ldltsf] a}7sdf c;f]h @ ut] x'g] k|b]z g+= @ sf] lgjf{rgdf g]skf Pdfn]sf] cj:yf /fd|f] /x]s]f l/kf]6{ To; k|b]zdf u/fPsf g]tfx?n] u/]sf lyP . pgLx?sf cg';f/ :yfgLo txd} cfjZostf cg';f/ tfnd]n u/]/ hfg;Sg] cj:yf /x]sf] ;d]t atfPsf lyP .

kbofqf z'Ns k|fs[lts ;|f]t;fwg;DaGwL ;]jf z'Ns cg';"rL /flvPklg ljw]osdf g/flvPsf] eGb} cfklQ hgfPsf 5g\ .

s]xL hgk|ltlglwx?n] t ;+ljwfgdf :yfgLo ;/sf/ elg pNn]v u/]klg ljw]osdf Tof] zAb g} g/flvPsf] eGb} :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/ vf]:g vf]h]sf] cf/f]k ;d]t nufPsf 5g\ . pgLx?n] eg] ca s] k|b]z ;/sf/sf] sfg'g cg';f/ :yfgLo tx rNg'kg]{ eGb} ljw]ossf] wf/f / pkwf/fdf k|b]z sfg'g cg';f/ x'g]5 eg]/ sd{rf/L lgo'lQm k|b]z nf]s;]jfsf] clwsf/ eg]/ pNn]v u/]sf] eGb} To;kl5 cfklQ

;d]t hgfPsf 5g\ . hgk|ltlglwx?n] /fh:j ;+sng :yfgLo txn] ug]{ t/ jfF8kmfF8 eg] k|b]z ;/sf/n] ug]{ eGg] pNn]v ul/Psf] k|lt cfklQ hgfpFb} o;n] c;Gt'lnt afF8kmfF8nfO{ 7fpF lbG5 To;}n] To;nfO{ /flvg' x'Fb}g eGg]df pgLx?n] ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ a}7sdf hf]8 lbPsf lyP . ;ldltsf ;efklt /ljGb| clwsf/Ln] dxfgu/ / pkdxfg/, dxfgu/sf nflu 5'§} sfg'gL Joj:yf ug{ nfluPsf] hfgsf/L hgk|ltlglwnfO{ u/fpFb} !)# j6f bkmf /x]sf] ljw]ossf] d:of}bf dlGqkl/ifb\n] :jLs[t u/]sf] / Joj:yflksf ;+;bdf nfdf] ;dob]lv ylGsPsf] x'gfn] ljsf; ;ldltn] ljw]os dfly k'g/fjnf]sg ul//x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP .

;dfgtf, :jtGqtf / Gofosf nlfu cfkm\gf] clwsf/k|lt ;hu /

;r]t xf]cf}+ .