11 srimad bhagavatam canto 7

8/3/2019 11 Srimad Bhagavatam Canto 7

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/Vrch`k Oe`g`z`{`h Lcg{e F`d{n/

os Ecv Kczcdl Gr`fl @$F$ Oe`m{czlk`d{` Vw`hc Qròe|q`k`$

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http://www.krishna.com/






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K|rcdg {el rlcgd nj {el {ecrk H`d|" Qr`h`k` `dk n{elr vndv nj Z`vcðúeòlf`hl {el vlzld v`glv$ [el V`{s`v" Zlk`çr|{`v `dk Oe`kr`v olf`hl klhcgnkv"`dk V`{sìc{ w`v vlblf{lk {n ol Cdkr`" {el Mcdg nj el`zld$

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ke`rh`vs`‛nj {el klhcgnk cd fe`rgl nj rlbcgcnd= vòdì{ësëh‛cd {el wnho nj ecv wcjl d`hlk Vòdì{ë= {|‛cdkllk= oe`g`zëd‛{el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj

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Cd {ecv h`dz`d{`r`" {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k `qql`rlk jrnh {elwnho nj Vòdì{ë" wen w`v {el wcjl nj Ke`rh`" {el klhcgnk cd fe`rgl nj

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V`{s`vld`" `bndg wc{e Ecv jrcldk V`{sìc{" wen w`v {el Mcdg nj el`zld"Cdkr`" mcbblk `bb {el |d{r|{ej|b" chqcn|v `dk hcvole`zlk S`mð`v" _ëmð`v`v `dkgenv{bs bczcdg ld{c{clv" wen g`zl q`cdv {n n{elr bczcdg olcdgv$

[LU[ ?7

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[LU[ ?5

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v`{s`më e`r`sn zãrëklzëv {rcçcme` ãçz`r`ó

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isn{crkeëh`(ëk`s`ó‛el`klk os {el flblor`{lk Isn{crkeëh`= v`q{`‛vlzld=ìð`s`ó‛v`glv= {ëh`vl‛{el rlcgd nj [ëh`v` H`d|= `d{`rl‛wc{ecd$

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K|rcdg {el rlcgd nj [ëh`v` H`d|" `hndg {el klhcgnkv wlrl {el V`{s`m`v"E`rcv `dk Zãr`v$ [el el`zldbs Mcdg" Cdkr`" w`v [rcçcme`$ [el v`glv cdv`q{`rðc(keëh` wlrl el`klk os Isn{crkeëh`$




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Cd {el [ëh`v` h`dz`d{`r` {elrl wlrl {wn mcdkv nj klhcgnkv" `dk ndl nj

{elh w`v mdnwd `v {el Z`ckeì{cv$ [el k|{s nj {el klhcgnkv cv {n qrn{lf{ {el`|{enrc{s nj {el Zlk`v$ [el wnrk klz`{ë rljlrv {n ndl wen f`rrclv {el `|{enrc{snj {el Zlk`v" welrl`v _ëmð`v`v `rl {envl wen kljs {el Zlkcf `|{enrc{s$ Cj {el`|{enrc{s nj {el Zlk`v cv bnv{" {el ld{crl |dczlrvl olfnhlv fe`n{cf$ [elrljnrl"




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c{ cv {el k|{s nj {el klhcgnkv" `v wlbb `v mcdgv `dk `cklv nj gnzlrdhld{v" {n gczlj|bb qrn{lf{cnd {n {el Zlkcf `|{enrc{s= n{elrwcvl e|h`d vnfcl{s wcbb ol cd `fe`n{cf fndkc{cnd cd wecfe {elrl f`ddn{ ol ql`fl nr qrnvqlrc{s$

[LU[ 61

[`x``cQ` Iìl 4`G`z`Decr2S` * ecrH lK`V`/ #ecrcr[S``û[``l S`lD` GÌ`lDkX`l H``lcf[``l G`Xe`[`% ## 61 ##

{`{rëqc iìîl oe`g`zëd

e`rcísëá e`rchlke`v`óe`rcr c{s ëeì{n sld`gìldkrn hnfc{n grèë{

VSDNDSHV

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gì`(cdkr`ó‛{el Mcdg nj {el lblqe`d{v= hnfc{`ó‛w`v jrllk= grèë{‛jrnh {elhn|{e nj ` frnfnkcbl$

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@bvn cd {ecv h`dz`d{`r`" {el V|qrlhl Bnrk" Zcðí|" {nnm ocr{e jrnh {elwnho nj E`rcíã" {el wcjl nj E`rchlkeë" `dk El w`v mdnwd `v E`rc$ E`rcv`zlk Ecv klzn{ll Gìldkr`" {el Mcdg nj {el lblqe`d{v" jrnh {el hn|{e nj `

frnfnkcbl$

[LU[ 60




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Mcdg Q`rãmðc{ v`ck9 Hs bnrk" Oëk`rës`íc" wl wcve {n el`r jrnh sn| cd kl{`cbenw {el Mcdg nj {el lblqe`d{v" weld `{{`fmlk os ` frnfnkcbl" w`v klbczlrlk osE`rc$

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{`{(m`{eëv|‛cd {envl d`rr`{cndv= h`e`{‛grl`{= q|ís`h‛qcn|v=ke`ds`h‛gbnrcn|v= vz`v{s`s`d`h‛`|vqcfcn|v= ç|oe`h‛`bb gnnk=s`{r`‛weldlzlr= s`{r`‛welrlzlr= |{{`h`çbnm`ó‛{el Bnrk" wen cv mdnwd `v\{{`h`çbnm` %El wen cv klvfrcolk os {r`dvfldkld{`b bc{lr`{|rl#=oe`g`zëd‛{el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k= gãs`{l‛cv gbnrcjclk=e`rcó‛{el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$

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@ds bc{lr`{|rl nr d`rr`{cnd cd wecfe {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k"\{{`h`çbnm`" cv klvfrcolk `dk gbnrcjclk cv flr{`cdbs grl`{" q|rl" gbnrcn|v"`|vqcfcn|v `dk `bb gnnk$

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[el Mìðí` fndvfcn|vdlvv hnzlhld{ cv vqrl`kcdg `bb nzlr {el wnrbk vchqbsos klvfrcocdg Mìðí`$ Wl e`zl q|obcvelk h`ds onnmv" cdfb|kcdg ÇrãF`c{`ds`(f`rc{ëhì{` cd vlzld{lld znb|hlv" jn|r e|dkrlk q`glv l`fe" `v wlbb `vOe`g`z`k(gã{ë `dk [el Dlf{`r nj Klzn{cnd$ Wl `rl `bvn q|obcvecdgÇrãh`k(Oeëg`z`{`h cd vcu{s znb|hlv$ Welrlzlr ` vql`mlr enbkv kcvfn|rvlvjrnh {elvl onnmv `dk `d `|kcldfl el`rv ech" {ecv wcbb frl`{l ` gnnk `dk`|vqcfcn|v vc{|`{cnd$ [elrljnrl {el qrl`fecdg nj Mìðí` fndvfcn|vdlvv h|v{ olkndl zlrs f`rlj|bbs os {el hlholrv nj {el Mìðí` fndvfcn|vdlvv hnzlhld{"

lvqlfc`bbs {el v`ddsëvãv$ [ecv wcbb frl`{l `d `|vqcfcn|v `{hnvqelrl$

[LU[ 66




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çrã(vò{` |zëf` q`rãmðc{`cz`á v` {| oëk`rës`ícó qrësnq`zcðúld` m`{eëv| fnkc{`ó

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h|kë h|dãdëá v`k`vc vh` çìíz`{ëh

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çrã(vò{`ó |zëf`‛Çrã Vò{` Gnvzëhã v`ck= q`rãmðc{ë‛os Hèërëi` Q`rãmðc{=lz`h‛{e|v= v`ó‛el= {|‛cdkllk= oëk`rës`ícó‛Ç|m`klz` Gnvzëhã=

qrës`(|q`zcðúld`‛Q`rãmðc{ Hèërëi`" wen w`v `w`c{cdg chqldkcdg kl`{e=m`{eëv|‛os {el wnrkv= fnkc{`ó‛olcdg ldfn|r`glk= |zëf`‛vqnml= zcqrëó‛Norëeh`í`v= qr`{cd`dks`‛`j{lr fndgr`{|b`{cdg= qër{ecz`h‛Hèërëi` Q`rãmðc{=h|kë‛wc{e grl`{ qbl`v|rl= h|dãdëh‛nj grl`{ v`glv= v`k`vc‛cd {el `vvlhobs=vh`‛cdkllk= çìíz`{ëh‛wen klvcrlk {n el`r$

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Çrã Vò{` Gnvzëhã v`ck9 N orëeh`í`v" weld Q`rãmðc{ Hèërëi`" wen w`v`w`c{cdg chqldkcdg kl`{e" {e|v rlp|lv{lk Ç|m`klz` Gnvzëhã {n vql`m"Ç|m`klz` Gnvzëhã" ldfn|r`glk os {el Mcdg'v wnrkv" njjlrlk rlvqlf{ {n {el Mcdg`dk vqnml wc{e grl`{ qbl`v|rl cd {el `vvlhobs nj v`glv" wen klvcrlk {n el`r ech$

[e|v ldk {el Oe`m{czlk`d{` q|rqnr{v nj {el Lcge{e F`d{n" Jcrv{ Fe`q{lr" nj {elÇrãh`k(Oeëg`z`{`h" ld{c{blk /[el H`d|v" @khcdcv{r`{nrv nj {el \dczlrvl$/




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Cd {ecv w`s {el Mcdg nj {el lblqe`d{v" Gìldkr`" njjlrlk qr`slrv kcrlf{bs {n{el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" wc{en|{ hcv{`mcdg Ech jnr ndl nj {elklhcgnkv$ Dndl nj {el klhcgnkv f`hl {n vll ech" dn{ lzld Orèhë nr Çcz`$_`{elr" {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" Dërës`í`" vl`{lk nd G`r|ÿ`"




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57

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55

fndvfcn|vdlvv" lzld cj el olfnhlv `d `dch`b$ Nj fn|rvl" ` klzn{ll ven|bk {rs{n qlrjlf{ ecv Mìðí` fndvfcn|vdlvv cd {ecv bcjl" jnr vchqbs os |dklrv{`dkcdgMìðí` `dk Ecv cdv{r|f{cndv" `j{lr gczcdg |q {ecv onks ndl f`d rl{|rd enhl"o`fm {n Gnkel`k$ Lzld cj {elrl cv vnhl j`bbknwd" qr`f{cfl nj Mìðí`fndvfcn|vdlvv dlzlr gnlv cd z`cd$ Jnr lu`hqbl" @iëhcb`" cd ecv onsennk"qr`f{cflk fe`d{cdg {el d`hl nj Dërës`í` |dklr {el kcrlf{cnd nj ecv j`{elr"o|{ b`{lr" cd ecv sn|{e" el jlbb knwd `dk olf`hl ` kr|dm`rk" wnh`d(e|d{lr"rng|l `dk {eclj$ Dndl{elblvv" olf`|vl nj fe`d{cdg {el d`hl nj Dërës`í` jnr{el q|rqnvl nj f`bbcdg ecv vnd" wenh el e`k d`hlk Dërës`í`" el olf`hl`kz`dflk" lzld {en|ge el w`v cdznbzlk cd vcdj|b `f{czc{clv$ [elrljnrl" wlven|bk dn{ jnrgl{ {el fe`d{cdg nj {el E`rl Mìðí` h`d{r` |dklr `ds

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nj v`zcdg {el klzn{llv `dk `ddcecb`{cdg {el klhndv `rl {r`dvfldkld{`b$@dsndl `ddcecb`{lk os {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k gl{v {el v`hlrlv|b{ `v ` klzn{ll wen cv qrn{lf{lk os {el Bnrk= on{e nj {elh `rl{r`dvfldkld{`bbs qrnhn{lk$ [el ndbs kcjjlrldfl cv {e`{ ` klzn{ll gnlv kcrlf{bs{n {el vqcrc{|`b qb`dl{v `dk olfnhlv `d `vvnfc`{l nj {el V|qrlhl Bnrk" welrl`vklhndv `rl qrnhn{lk {n orèh`bnm`" {el chqlrvnd`b ljj|bgldfl nj {el Bnrk$On{e nj {elh" enwlzlr" `rl {r`dvfldkld{`bbs qrnhn{lk$ [el Bnrk'v mcbbcdg nr`ddcecb`{cdg nj {el klhndv cv dn{ lu`f{bs bcml {el mcbbcdg nj {ecv h`{lrc`b wnrbk$@b{en|ge El `qql`rv {n `f{ wc{ecd {el hnklv nj h`{lrc`b d`{|rl" El cv

dcrg|í`" ònzl {el hnklv nj d`{|rl$ Ecv d`hl cv dn{ h`{lrc`b= n{elrwcvl enwfn|bk ndl gl{ bcolr`{cnd os fe`d{cdg E`rl Mìðí`" E`rl _ëh`> [el d`hlv nj {el Bnrk bcml _ëh` `dk Mìðí` `rl dndkcjjlrld{ jrnh {el qlrvnd _ëh` `dkMìðí`$ [e|v os fe`d{cdg {el E`rl Mìðí` h`d{r` ndl fndv{`d{bs `vvnfc`{lv




010

wc{e _ëh` `dk Mìðí`" {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" `dk {elrljnrlolfnhlv bcolr`{lk$ @ qr`f{cf`b lu`hqbl cv @iëhcb`" wen `bw`sv rlh`cdlk{r`dvfldkld{`b {n ecv `f{czc{clv vchqbs os fe`d{cdg {el d`hl Dërës`í`$ Cj {ecvw`v {r|l nj @iëhcb`" we`{ cv {n ol v`ck nj {el V|qrlhl Bnrk> Weld {el Bnrkfnhlv {n {ecv h`{lrc`b wnrbk" El knlv dn{ olfnhl ` qrnk|f{ nj h`{{lr$ [ecv cvfndjcrhlk {ern|gen|{ Oe`g`z`k(gã{ë % i`dh`(m`rh` f` hl kczs`h ]Og $ ;$3X"`z`iëd`d{c hëá hòÿeëó hëd|ðãá {`d|h ëçrc{`h ]Og$ 3$00X#$ [elrljnrl" weld{el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k‛_ëh` nr Mìðí`‛klvfldkv {n `f{{r`dvfldkld{`bbs jnr n|r oldljc{" wl ven|bk dn{ fndvcklr Ech `d nrkcd`rse|h`d olcdg$ Weld {el Bnrk fnhlv" El knlv vn nd {el o`vcv nj Ecv vqcrc{|`bqn{ldfs %v`hoe`zëhs ë{h`(hës`së ]Og $ ;$:X#$ Olf`|vl El cv dn{ jnrflk {n

fnhl os {el h`{lrc`b ldlrgs" El cv `bw`sv {r`dvfldkld{`b$ Ndl ven|bk dn{fndvcklr {el V|qrlhl Bnrk `d nrkcd`rs e|h`d olcdg$ H`{lrc`b d`hlv `dkjnrhv `rl fnd{`hcd`{lk" o|{ vqcrc{|`b d`hl `dk vqcrc{|`b jnrh `rl{r`dvfldkld{`b$

[LU[ 01

D`H` @`[H`Q`]kpQ``S` V``c-`2`l Q`rH``[H`D`l #D`H``l cG`r`* czk\r`S` H`D`V`él[`V``H`cQ` ## 01 ##

d`h` ë{h`(qr`kãqës`vëmðcíl q`r`hë{h`dld`hn gcrëá zckòrës`h`d`v`ç fl{`vëh `qc

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d`h`ó‛C njjlr hs rlvqlf{j|b nolcv`dflv= ë{h`(qr`kãqës`‛|d{n Ech wen cvvlbj(ljj|bgld{ nr wen gczlv ldbcge{ldhld{ {n {el bczcdg ld{c{clv= vëmðcíl‛wencv vc{|`{lk cd lzlrsndl'v el`r{ `v ` wc{dlvv= q`r`h`(ë{h`dl‛|d{n {el V|qrlhl




01?

Vn|b" {el V|qlrvn|b= d`h`ó‛C njjlr hs rlvqlf{j|b nolcv`dflv= gcrëh‛oswnrkv= zckòrës`‛wen cv chqnvvcobl {n rl`fe= h`d`v`ó‛os {el hcdk=fl{`vëh‛nr os fndvfcn|vdlvv= `qc‛lzld$

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C njjlr hs rlvqlf{j|b nolcv`dflv |d{n {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k"{el vlbj(ljj|bgld{ V|qlrvn|b" wen cv {el wc{dlvv cd lzlrsndl'v el`r{" wenldbcge{ldv {el cdkczck|`b vn|b `dk wen f`ddn{ ol rl`felk os lulrfcvlv nj {elhcdk" wnrkv nr fndvfcn|vdlvv$

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[el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" Mìðí`" f`ddn{ ol |dklrv{nnk os {elcdkczck|`b vn|b {ern|ge hld{`b" qesvcf`b nr cd{lbblf{|`b lulrfcvlv$ C{ cv os {elgr`fl nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k {e`{ {el cdkczck|`b vn|b cvldbcge{ldlk$ [elrljnrl" {el Bnrk cv klvfrcolk elrl `v ë{h`(qr`kãq`$ [el Bnrk cvbcml {el v|d" wecfe cbb|hcd`{lv lzlrs{ecdg `dk f`ddn{ ol cbb|hcd`{lk os`dsndl$ [elrljnrl" cj ndl cv vlrcn|v `on|{ |dklrv{`dkcdg {el V|qrlhl" ndl

h|v{ rlflczl ldbcge{ldhld{ jrnh Ech" `v cdv{r|f{lk cd Oe`g`z`k(gã{ë$ Ndlf`ddn{ |dklrv{`dk {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k os ndl'v hld{`b"qesvcf`b nr cd{lbblf{|`b qnwlrv$

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V`{zlD` Q ]c[`b.4S``S` D LYm(HS l_2` czQ`cé[`` #D`H`/ mL(zBS`D``P``S` cD`z`_2`V`|,V`*czkl ## 00 ##

v`{{zld` qr`{cb`oesës`d`cðm`rhslí` zcq`çfc{ë

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016

dcrzëí`(v|me`(v`ázckl

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v`{{zld`‛os q|rl klzn{cnd`b vlrzcfl= qr`{c(b`oesës`‛|d{n {el V|qrlhlQlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" wen cv `feclzlk os v|fe klzn{cnd`b `f{czc{clv=d`cðm`rhslí`‛os {r`dvfldkld{`b `f{czc{clv= zcq`çfc{ë‛os qlrvndv wen `rlv|jjcfcld{bs bl`rdlk= d`h`ó‛C njjlr hs rlvqlf{j|b nolcv`dflv=m`cz`bs`(dë{eës`‛|d{n {el h`v{lr nj {el {r`dvfldkld{`b wnrbk= dcrzëí`‛jnrndl fnhqbl{lbs jrllk jrnh h`{lrc`b `f{czc{clv= v|me`‛nj e`qqcdlvv=v`ázckl‛wen cv {el olv{nwlr$

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[el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k cv rl`bcylk os q|rl klzn{llv wen `f{ cd{el {r`dvfldkld{`b lucv{ldfl nj oe`m{c(sng`$ El cv {el olv{nwlr nj|dfnd{`hcd`{lk e`qqcdlvv `dk cv {el h`v{lr nj {el {r`dvfldkld{`b wnrbk$[elrljnrl C njjlr hs rlvqlf{ |d{n Ech$

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@v v{`{lk cd Oe`g`z`k(gã{ë" {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k f`d ol|dklrv{nnk ndbs os klzn{cnd`b vlrzcfl$ Oe`m{së hëh `oeciëdë{c sëzëd s`ç fëvhc{`{{z`{`ó ]Og $ 05$<<X$ Cj ndl w`d{v {n mdnw {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`kcd {r|{e" ndl h|v{ {`ml {n {el `f{czc{clv nj klzn{cnd`b vlrzcfl$ [elvl `f{czc{clv`rl f`bblk v`{{z` nr ç|kke`(v`{{z`$ Cd {el h`{lrc`b wnrbk" `f{czc{clv nj gnnkdlvv"wecfe `rl vshq{nh`{cf nj ` q|rl orëeh`í`" `rl `qqrlfc`{lk$ O|{ {el `f{czc{clvnj klzn{cnd`b vlrzcfl `rl ç|kke`(v`{{z`= cd n{elr wnrkv" {els `rl nd {el

{r`dvfldkld{`b qb`{jnrh$ Ndbs os klzn{cnd`b vlrzcfl f`d ndl |dklrv{`dk {elV|qrlhl$

Klzn{cnd`b vlrzcfl cv f`bblk d`cðm`rhs`$ Hlrl dlg`{cnd nj h`{lrc`b `f{czc{swcbb dn{ ldk|rl$ D`cðm`rhs`h `qs `fs|{`(oeëz`(z`ric{`h$ \dblvv ndl qlrjnrhv




01;

`f{czc{clv wc{e rljlrldfl {n Mìðí` fndvfcn|vdlvv" flvv`{cnd nj h`{lrc`b`f{czc{clv wcbb dn{ ol elbqj|b$ Cd enqlv nj `feclzcdg d`cðm`rhs`" jrllknh jrnhh`{lrc`b `f{cnd" h`ds ecgebs lblz`{lk v`ddsëvãv v{nqqlk {elcr `f{czc{clv" sl{{els j`cblk `dk rl{|rdlk {n {el h`{lrc`b qb`{jnrh {n `f{ `v h`{lrc`bcv{cfqlrvndv$ O|{ ndfl ndl cv ldg`glk cd {el vqcrc{|`b `f{czc{clv nj oe`m{c(sng`" ndlknlv dn{ j`bb knwd$ N|r Mìðí` fndvfcn|vdlvv hnzlhld{ cv {elrljnrl `d`{{lhq{ {n ldg`gl lzlrsndl `bw`sv cd vqcrc{|`b `f{czc{s" os wecfe ndl olfnhlv{r`dvfldkld{`b {n h`{lrc`b `f{cndv$ [el vqcrc{|`b `f{czc{clv nj oe`m{c(hërg`(çr`z`í`á mãr{`d`á zcðínó vh`r`í`á qëk`(vlz`d`h ]VO7$<$?6X‛bl`k ndl {n |dklrv{`dk {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$[elrljnrl" `v v{`{lk elrl" v`{{zld` qr`{cb`oesës` d`cðm`rhslí` zcq`çfc{ë9 /[el

V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k cv rl`bcylk os q|rl klzn{llv wen `f{ cd {el{r`dvfldkld{`b lucv{ldfl nj oe`m{c(sng`$/

[el Gnqëb`({ëq`dã \q`dcð`k %0<# v`sv" oe`m{cr `vs` oe`i`d`á {`kceëh|{rnqëkec(d`crëvsld`czëh|ðhcd h`d`v`ó m`bq`d`h l{`k lz` f`d`cðm`rhs`h$ [ecv cv ` kljcdc{cnd nj d`cðm`rhs`$ Ndl `f{v cd d`cðm`rhs` weldel j|bbs ldg`glv cd Mìðí` fndvfcn|v `f{czc{clv wc{en|{ h`{lrc`b klvcrlv {n ldins"lc{elr elrl nr cd {el |qqlr qb`dl{`rs vsv{lhv" cd {el qrlvld{ bcjl nr cd ` j|{|rlbcjl %ce`(`h|{r`#$ @dsëoecbëðc{ë(çòds`h ]Oe`m{c(r`vëhì{`(vcdke| 0$0$00%76#X$

Weld ndl cv jrllk jrnh `bb fnd{`hcd`{cnd `dk el `f{v cd klzn{cnd`b vlrzcfl|dklr {el kcrlf{cnd nj {el vqcrc{|`b h`v{lr" ndl cv nd {el qb`{jnrh nj d`cðm`rh`$ Os v|fe {r`dvfldkld{`b klzn{cnd`b vlrzcfl" {el Bnrk cv vlrzlk$ Cnjjlr hs rlvqlf{j|b nolcv`dflv |d{n Ech$

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D`H`/ U``D[``S` g``lr`S` H`\!`S` G`|2`K`cH`_2`l #cD`cz_U`ly`S` V``HS``S` D`H``l i`D`g`D``S` f ## 0? ##

d`h`ó çëd{ës` genrës`hòÿeës` g|í`(ke`rhcíl




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dcrzcçlðës` vëhsës`d`hn iîëd`(ge`dës` f`

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d`h`ó‛`bb nolcv`dflv= çëd{ës`‛|d{n Ech wen cv ònzl `bb h`{lrc`b p|`bc{clv`dk fnhqbl{lbs ql`flj|b" nr |d{n Zëv|klz`" {el V|qlrvn|b cd lzlrs bczcdgld{c{s= genrës`‛|d{n {el jclrfl jnrhv nj {el Bnrk bcml Iëh`k`gds` `dkDìvcáe`klz`= hòÿeës`‛{el jnrh nj {el Bnrk `v `d `dch`b" v|fe `v {el on`r=g|í`(ke`rhcíl‛wen `fflq{v kcjjlrld{ p|`bc{clv wc{ecd {el h`{lrc`b wnrbk=dcrzcçlðës`‛wen cv wc{en|{ h`{lrc`b p|`bc{clv" olcdg j|bbs vqcrc{|`b=

vëhsës`‛Bnrk O|kke`" {el jnrh nj dcrzëí`" welrlcd {el h`{lrc`b p|`bc{clvv{nq= d`h`ó‛C njjlr hs rlvqlf{j|b nolcv`dflv= iîëd`(ge`dës`‛wen cvmdnwblkgl nr {el chqlrvnd`b Orèh`d= f`‛`bvn$

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C njjlr hs rlvqlf{j|b nolcv`dflv {n Bnrk Zëv|klz`" wen cv `bb(qlrz`kcdg" {n{el Bnrk'v jclrfl jnrh `v Bnrk Dìvcáe`klz`" {n {el Bnrk'v jnrh `v `d `dch`b]Bnrk Z`rëe`klz`X" {n Bnrk K`{{ë{rls`" wen qrl`felk chqlrvnd`bcvh" {n BnrkO|kke`" `dk {n `bb {el n{elr cdf`rd`{cndv$ C njjlr hs rlvqlf{j|b nolcv`dflv |d{n{el Bnrk" wen e`v dn h`{lrc`b p|`bc{clv o|{ wen `fflq{v {el {erll p|`bc{clvgnnkdlvv" q`vvcnd `dk cgdnr`dfl wc{ecd {ecv h`{lrc`b wnrbk$ C `bvn njjlr hsrlvqlf{j|b nolcv`dflv |d{n {el chqlrvnd`b Orèh`d ljj|bgldfl$

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Cd {el qrlzcn|v zlrvlv c{ e`v olld klvfrcolk {e`{ `b{en|ge {el V|qrlhl

Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k e`v dn h`{lrc`b jnrh" El `fflq{v cdd|hlròbl jnrhv{n j`znr Ecv klzn{llv `dk mcbb {el klhndv$ @v v{`{lk cd Çrãh`k(Oeëg`z`{`h"{elrl `rl vn h`ds cdf`rd`{cndv nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k {e`{{els `rl bcml {el w`zlv nj ` rczlr$ [el w`zlv nj ` rczlr jbnw cdflvv`d{bs" `dk dn




01:

ndl f`d fn|d{ enw h`ds w`zlv {elrl `rl$ Vchcb`rbs" dn ndl f`d f`bf|b`{lweld `dk enw {el kcjjlrld{ cdf`rd`{cndv nj {el Bnrk `qql`r `ffnrkcdg {n {eldlflvvc{clv nj {chl" qb`fl `dk f`dkck`{lv$ [el Bnrk `qql`rv qlrql{|`bbs$ @vMìðí` v`sv cd Oe`g`z`k(gã{ë %;$7#9

s`kë s`kë ec ke`rh`vs`gbëdcr oe`z`{c oeër`{`

òes|{{eëd`h `ke`rh`vs`{`kë{hëd`á vìiëhs è`h

/Weldlzlr `dk welrlzlr {elrl cv ` klfbcdl cd rlbcgcn|v qr`f{cfl" N klvfldk`d{

nj Oe`r`{`" `dk ` qrlknhcd`d{ rcvl nj crrlbcgcnd‛`{ {e`{ {chl C klvfldkHsvlbj$/ Cd {el h`{lrc`b wnrbk {elrl cv `bw`sv {el qnvvcocbc{s nj klzc`{cnd jrnhMìðí` fndvfcn|vdlvv" `dk {elrljnrl Mìðí` `dk Ecv klzn{llv `bw`sv `f{ cdz`rcn|v jnrhv {n f|ro v|fe gnkblvvdlvv$

Lzld chqlrvnd`bcv{v wen v{rlvv {el mdnwblkgl jl`{|rl nj {el V|qrlhlQlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k w`d{ {n hlrgl cd {el ljj|bgldfl nj {el Bnrk$[elrljnrl" elrl {el wnrk iîëd`(ge`dës` cdkcf`{lv {e`{ jnr `{elcv{v wenkcvolbclzl cd {el jnrh `dk lucv{ldfl nj {el Bnrk" `bb {elvl z`rcn|v cdf`rd`{cndv

`qql`r$ Vcdfl {el Bnrk fnhlv {n {l`fe cd vn h`ds jnrhv" dn ndl f`d v`s {e`{{elrl cv dn Gnk$ [el wnrk iîëd`(ge`dës` cv lvqlfc`bbs |vlk elrl {n rljlr {n{envl wenvl mdnwblkgl e`v olfnhl vnbckcjclk os kcd{ nj {elcr vl`rfecdg jnr {elBnrk {ern|ge vqlf|b`{czl qecbnvnqecf`b |dklrv{`dkcdg$ V|qlrjcfc`b mdnwblkglcv |vlblvv jnr |dklrv{`dkcdg {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" o|{ weldndl'v mdnwblkgl olfnhlv lu{rlhlbs cd{ldvl `dk kllq" ndl |dklrv{`dkvZëv|klz` %zëv|klz`ó v`rz`h c{c v` hèë{hë v|k|rbòe`ó ]Og $ 7$03X#$ @ iîëdã`{{`cdv {ecv v{`gl `j{lr h`ds" h`ds ocr{ev$ [elrljnrl {el wnrk iîëd`(ge`dës`cv |vlk elrl$ [el wnrk ç`d{ës` cdkcf`{lv {e`{ Bnrk Zëv|klz` cv vc{|`{lk cdlzlrsndl'v el`r{ o|{ knlv dn{ `f{ wc{e {el bczcdg ld{c{s$ Chqlrvnd`bcv{ iîëdãvrl`bcyl Zëv|klz` weld {els `rl j|bbs h`{|rl cd mdnwblkgl %zëv|klz`ó v`h`hc{c v` hèë{hë v|k|rbòe`ó#$




017

[LU[ 06

-`lx`i`S` D`H`V[`|4S`* V`z`_KS`-``S` V``c-`2`l #Q`|ìy`S``[H`H`\b.`S` H`\b.Q`]m)([`S`l D`H`/ ## 06 ##

mðl{r`(iîës` d`h`v {|oes`áv`rzëkes`mðës` vëmðcíl q|r|ðësë{h`(hòbës`hòb`(qr`mì{`sl d`h`ó

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mðl{r`(iîës`‛|d{n {el ndl wen mdnwv lzlrs{ecdg nj {el lu{lrd`b onks=d`h`ó‛C njjlr hs rlvqlf{j|b nolcv`dflv= {|oes`h‛|d{n Sn|=v`rz`‛lzlrs{ecdg= `kes`mðës`‛wen `rl v|qlrcd{ldkcdg" h`d`gcdg=vëmðcíl‛wen `rl {el wc{dlvv" Q`r`hë{hë" nr `d{`rsëhã= q|r|ðës`‛{elV|qrlhl Qlrvnd= ë{h`(hòbës`‛wen `rl {el nrcgcd`b vn|rfl nj lzlrs{ecdg=hòb`(qr`mì{`sl‛|d{n {el q|r|ð`(`z`{ër`" {el nrcgcd nj qr`mì{c `dk qr`keëd`=

d`h`ó‛C njjlr hs rlvqlf{j|b nolcv`dflv$

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C olg {n njjlr hs rlvqlf{j|b nolcv`dflv |d{n Sn|" wen `rl {el V|qlrvn|b" {elv|qlrcd{ldkld{ nj lzlrs{ecdg" `dk {el wc{dlvv nj `bb {e`{ nff|rv$ Sn| `rl {elV|qrlhl Qlrvnd" {el nrcgcd nj h`{lrc`b d`{|rl `dk nj {el {n{`b h`{lrc`b ldlrgs$Sn| `rl `bvn {el nwdlr nj {el h`{lrc`b onks$ [elrljnrl" Sn| `rl {el v|qrlhl

fnhqbl{l$ C njjlr hs rlvqlf{j|b nolcv`dflv |d{n Sn|$

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Cd Oe`g`z`k(gã{ë %06$6# {el Bnrk v`sv" mðl{r`(iî`á fëqc hëá zckkec




015

v`rz`(mðl{rlð| oeër`{`9 /N vfcnd nj Oe`r`{`" sn| ven|bk |dklrv{`dk {e`{ C `h`bvn {el mdnwlr cd `bb onkclv$/ Lzlrs ndl nj |v cv {ecdmcdg" /C `h {ecv onks/ nr/[ecv cv hs onks"/ o|{ `f{|`bbs {el {r|{e cv kcjjlrld{$ N|r onkclv `rl gczld {n |vos {el v|qrlhl qrnqrcl{nr$ [el bczcdg ld{c{s" wen cv `bvn mðl{r` iî`" nr {elmdnwlr nj {el onks" cv dn{ {el onks'v ndbs qrnqrcl{nr= {el `f{|`b qrnqrcl{nr nj {el onks cv {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" wen cv {el v|qrlhl mðl{r`

iî`$ Jnr lu`hqbl" wl h`s rld{ `dk nff|qs ` en|vl" o|{ `f{|`bbs {el nwdlr nj {el en|vl cv {el b`dkbnrk$ Vchcb`rbs" wl h`s ol `bbn{{lk ` flr{`cd {sql nj onks`v ` j`fcbc{s wc{e wecfe {n ldins {ecv h`{lrc`b wnrbk" o|{ {el `f{|`b qrnqrcl{nrnj {el onks cv {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$ El cv f`bblk v`rzëkes`mðòlf`|vl lzlrs{ecdg cd {el h`{lrc`b wnrbk wnrmv |dklr Ecv v|qlrzcvcnd$ [ecv cv

fndjcrhlk cd Oe`g`z`k(gã{ë %3$01#" welrlcd {el Bnrk v`sv" h`sëkes`mðlí` qr`mì{có vòs`{l v`f`rëf`r`h9 /[ecv h`{lrc`b d`{|rl" wnrmcdg |dklr Hskcrlf{cnd" N vnd nj M|d{ã" cv qrnk|fcdg `bb hnzcdg `dk |dhnzcdg olcdgv$/ Jrnh

qr`mì{c" nr h`{lrc`b d`{|rl" fnhl vn h`ds z`rcl{clv nj bczcdg ld{c{clv" cdfb|kcdg`p|`{cfv" qb`d{v" {rllv" cdvlf{v" ocrkv" `dch`bv" e|h`d olcdgv `dk klhcgnkv$

qr`mì{c cv {el hn{elr" `dk {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k cv {el j`{elr%è`á oãi`(qr`k`ó qc{ë ]Og $ 0;$;X#$

Qr`mì{c f`d gczl |v h`{lrc`b onkclv" o|{ `v vqcrc{ vn|bv wl `rl q`r{v `dk

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013

M|d{ã" `rl h`kl qnvvcobl os ocr{e cd {ecv h`{lrc`b d`{|rl" `dk {e`{ C `h {elvllk(gczcdg j`{elr$/ Qb`d{v" {rllv" cdvlf{v" `p|`{cfv" klhcgnkv" ol`v{v" ocrkv `dk`bb n{elr bczcdg ld{c{clv `rl vndv nr q`r{v `dk q`rflbv nj {el V|qrlhl Bnrk" o|{olf`|vl {els `rl v{r|ggbcdg wc{e kcjjlrld{ hld{`bc{clv" {els e`zl olld gczldkcjjlrld{ {sqlv nj onkclv %h`d`ó ð`ðúeëdãdkrcsëíc qr`mì{c(v{eëdc m`rð`{c ]Og $0<$7X#$ [e|v {els e`zl olfnhl vndv nj qr`mì{c" nr h`{lrc`b d`{|rl" wecfe cvchqrlgd`{lk os {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$ Lzlrs bczcdg ld{c{s cd{ecv h`{lrc`b wnrbk cv v{r|ggbcdg jnr lucv{ldfl" `dk {el ndbs v`bz`{cnd nr rlbclj jrnh {el fsfbl nj ocr{e `dk kl`{e cd {el lznb|{cnd`rs qrnflvv cv j|bb v|rrldklr$[ecv cv cdkcf`{lk os {el wnrk d`h`ó" /C njjlr hs rlvqlf{j|b nolcv`dflv |d{nSn|$/

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v`rz`(cdkrcs`(g|í`(kr`ðúrl‛|d{n {el vllr nj `bb noilf{czlv q|rv|lk os {elvldvlv= v`rz`(qr`{s`s`(el{`zl‛wen cv {el vnb|{cnd {n `bb kn|o{v %`dk wc{en|{wenvl elbq ndl f`ddn{ vnbzl `bb kn|o{v `dk cd`ocbc{clv#= `v`{ë‛wc{e {el

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001

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v{lq jnrw`rk$ @v fndjcrhlk cd Oe`g`z`k(gã{ë %0<$0<#" v`rz`vs` fëe`á eìkcv`ddczcðún h`{{`ó vhì{cr iîëd`h `qne`d`á f`$ Sn| `rl vc{|`{lk cd lzlrsndl'vel`r{" `dk ndbs jrnh Sn| fnhl rlhlhor`dfl `dk jnrgl{j|bdlvv$ Feëslz` s`vs`oe|z`dëdc ocoe`r{c k|rgë ]Ov$ <$;;X$ [el bczcdg ld{c{s |dklr {el fb|{felv nj hësë w`d{v {n ldins {ecv h`{lrc`b wnrbk" o|{ |dblvv Sn| gczl ech kcrlf{cndv`dk rlhcdk ech" el f`ddn{ h`ml qrngrlvv cd q|rv|cdg ecv ve`knws noilf{czl cdbcjl$ [el fndkc{cndlk vn|b wrndgbs qrngrlvvlv {nw`rk {el wrndg noilf{czl" bcjl`j{lr bcjl" `dk el cv rlhcdklk nj {e`{ noilf{czl os Sn|$ Cd ndl bcjl {el

fndkc{cndlk vn|b klvcrlv {n qrngrlvv {nw`rk ` flr{`cd noilf{czl" o|{ `j{lr ecvonks fe`dglv" el jnrgl{v lzlrs{ecdg$ Dndl{elblvv" hs Bnrk" olf`|vl el w`d{lk{n ldins vnhl{ecdg nj {ecv wnrbk" Sn| rlhcdk ech nj {ecv cd ecv dlu{ ocr{e$H`{{`ó vhì{cr iîëd`h `qne`d`á f` ]Og $ 0<$0<X$ Olf`|vl {el fndkc{cndlk vn|bw`d{v {n jnrgl{ Sn|" os Sn|r gr`fl Sn| gczl ech nqqnr{|dc{clv" bcjl `j{lr bcjl"os wecfe el f`d `bhnv{ qlrql{|`bbs jnrgl{ Sn|$ [elrljnrl Sn| `rl l{lrd`bbs{el kcrlf{nr nj {el fndkc{cndlk vn|bv$ C{ cv olf`|vl Sn| `rl {el nrcgcd`b f`|vl nj lzlrs{ecdg {e`{ lzlrs{ecdg `qql`rv rl`b$ [el |b{ch`{l rl`bc{s cv Sn|r Bnrkvecq"

{el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$ C njjlr hs rlvqlf{j|b nolcv`dflv |d{nSn|$/

[el wnrk v`rz`(qr`{s`s`(el{`zl cv luqb`cdlk os Çrãb` Zcçz`dë{e` F`mr`z`r{ãÚeëm|r`" wen v`sv {e`{ ` rlv|b{ gczlv ndl ` gbchqvl nj c{v f`|vl$ Jnr lu`hqbl"




000

vcdfl `d l`r{eld qn{ cv {el rlv|b{ nj {el `f{cndv nj ` qn{{lr" os vllcdg {ell`r{eld qn{ ndl f`d g|lvv `{ {el lucv{ldfl nj {el qn{{lr$ Vchcb`rbs" {ecvh`{lrc`b wnrbk rlvlhoblv {el vqcrc{|`b wnrbk" `dk `ds cd{lbbcgld{ qlrvnd f`dg|lvv enw c{ cv `f{cdg$ @v luqb`cdlk cd Oe`g`z`k(gã{ë" h`sëkes`mðlí` qr`mì{cóvòs`{l v`(f`rëf`r`h ]Og $ 3$01X$ [el `f{czc{clv nj {el h`{lrc`b wnrbk v|gglv{ {e`{olecdk {elh cv {el v|qlrcd{ldkldfl nj {el Bnrk$

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d`hn d`h`v {l 'mecb`(mër`íës`dcðmër`íësëkoe|{`(mër`íës`

v`rzëg`hëhdës`(hèërí`zës`d`hn 'q`z`rgës` q`rës`íës`

VSDNDSHV

d`h`ó‛C njjlr hs rlvqlf{j|b nolcv`dflv= d`h`ó‛`g`cd C njjlr hs rlvqlf{j|bnolcv`dflv= {l‛|d{n Sn|= `mecb`(mër`íës`‛|d{n {el v|qrlhl f`|vl nj lzlrs{ecdg= dcðmër`íës`‛|d{n Sn| wen `rl f`|vlblvv= `koe|{`(mër`íës`‛{elwndklrj|b f`|vl nj lzlrs{ecdg= v`rz`‛`bb= ëg`h`(ëhdës`‛|d{n {el vn|rfl nj {el q`r`hq`rë vsv{lh nj `bb Zlkcf mdnwblkgl= hèë(`rí`zës`‛{el grl`{nfl`d nj mdnwblkgl" nr {el grl`{ nfl`d welrlcd `bb {el rczlrv nj mdnwblkgl

hlrgl= d`h`ó‛C njjlr hs nolcv`dflv= `q`z`rgës`‛|d{n Sn| wen f`d gczlklbczlr`dfl nr bcolr`{cnd= q`r`(`s`íës`‛{el velb{lr nj `bb {r`dvfldkld{`bcv{v$




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f`|vl$ El cv wndklrj|b cd {el vldvl {e`{ `b{en|ge {elrl h`s ol |dbchc{lklh`d`{cndv jrnh {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k % i`dhëks `vs` s`{`ó]VO 0$0$0X#" El `bw`sv rlh`cdv fnhqbl{l % qòrí`vs` qòrí`h ëkës` qòrí`hlzëz`çcðs`{l ]Ãçn Cdznf`{cndX#$ Cd n|r luqlrcldfl cd {el h`{lrc`b wnrbk" cj wle`zl ` o`dm o`b`dfl nj ndl hcbbcnd knbb`rv" `v wl wc{ekr`w hndls jrnh {elo`dm {el o`b`dfl gr`k|`bbs kchcdcvelv |d{cb c{ olfnhlv dcb$ Enwlzlr" {el

V|qrlhl Bnrk" {el Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" cv vn fnhqbl{l {e`{ `b{en|gecdd|hlròbl Qlrvnd`bc{clv nj Gnkel`k luq`dk jrnh Ech" El rlh`cdv {el v`hlV|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$ Qòrí`vs` qòrí`h ëkës` qòrí`h lzëz`çcðs`{l$[elrljnrl El cv {el wndklrj|b f`|vl$ Gnzcdk`h ëkc(q|r|ð`á {`h è`áoeìëhc ))$

ãçz`r`ó q`r`h`ó mìðí`óv`f(fck(ëd`dk`(zcgrè`ó

`dëkcr ëkcr gnzcdk`óv`rz`(mër`í`(mër`í`h

/Mìðí`" wen cv mdnwd `v Gnzcdk`" cv {el v|qrlhl fnd{rnbblr$ El e`v `d l{lrd`b"obcvvj|b" vqcrc{|`b onks$ El cv {el nrcgcd nj `bb$ El e`v dn n{elr nrcgcd" jnr El cv




006

{el qrchl f`|vl nj `bb f`|vlv$/ %Ov$ <$0#

Lzld cd {ecv h`{lrc`b wnrbk" wl f`d |dklrv{`dk {e`{ {el v|d e`v lucv{lk jnr

hcbbcndv nj sl`rv `dk e`v gczld njj el`{ `dk bcge{ vcdfl c{v frl`{cnd" sl{ {el v|dv{cbb rl{`cdv c{v qnwlr `dk dlzlr fe`dglv$ We`{ {eld cv {n ol v`ck nj {elv|qrlhl f`|vl" q`r`á orèh`" Mìðí`> Lzlrs{ecdg lh`d`{lv jrnh Echqlrql{|`bbs" sl{ El h`cd{`cdv Ecv nrcgcd`b jnrh %v`f(fck(ëd`dk`(zcgrè`ó#$Mìðí` qlrvnd`bbs v`sv cd Oe`g`z`k(gã{ë %01$5#" h`{{`ó v`rz`á qr`z`r{`{l9/Lzlrs{ecdg lh`d`{lv jrnh Hl$/ Lzlrs{ecdg lh`d`{lv jrnh Mìðí` l{lrd`bbs"sl{ El cv {el v`hl Mìðí` `dk knlv dn{ fe`dgl$ [elrljnrl El cv {el velb{lr nj `bb {r`dvfldkld{`bcv{v wen `rl l`glr {n gl{ jrll jrnh h`{lrc`b ondk`gl$

Lzlrsndl h|v{ {`ml velb{lr nj Mìðí`$ C{ cv {elrljnrl `kzcvlk9`mëh`ó v`rz`(mëhn zë

hnmð`(mëh` |kër`(keãó{ãzrlí` oe`m{c(sngld`sìl{` q|r|ð`á q`r`h

/Wel{elr ndl klvcrlv lzlrs{ecdg nr dn{ecdg nr klvcrlv {n hlrgl cd{n {ellucv{ldfl nj {el Bnrk" el cv cd{lbbcgld{ ndbs cj el wnrvecqv Bnrk Mìðí`" {el

V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" os rldklrcdg {r`dvfldkld{`b bnzcdg vlrzcfl$/%VO ?$6$01# Q`r`á orèh`" {el V|qrlhl Bnrk" `dk q`r`á keëh`" {el v|qrlhlrlqnvl" cv Mìðí`$ [elrljnrl `dsndl wen klvcrlv `ds{ecdg‛wel{elr el ol `m`rhã" ` iîëdã nr ` sngã‛ven|bk {rs {n qlrflczl {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k zlrs vlrcn|vbs" `dk `bb nj ecv klvcrlv wcbb ol j|bjcbblk$ [el Bnrk v`sv" sls`{eë hëá qr`q`ks`d{l {ëáv {`{e`cz` oeìëhs è`h9 ]Og $ ;$00X /@v {el bczcdgld{c{clv v|rrldklr |d{n Hl" C rlw`rk {elh `ffnrkcdgbs$/ Lzld {el m`rhã wenw`d{v lzlrs{ecdg jnr ecv ldinshld{ f`d gl{ c{ jrnh Mìðí`$ Jnr Mìðí`"

v|qqbscdg we`{ el w`d{v cv dn{ `{ `bb kcjjcf|b{$ @f{|`bbs" enwlzlr" ndl ven|bkwnrvecq Mìðí`" {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" jnr {el v`ml nj gl{{cdgbcolr`{cnd$

Zlk`cç f` v`rz`cr è`h lz` zlks`ó ]Og $ 0<$0<X$ Os v{|kscdg {el Zlkcf




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g|í`‛os {el {erll g|í`v" {el hnklv nj h`{lrc`b d`{|rl %v`{{z`" rì`v `dk{`h`v#= `r`íc‛os `r`íc wnnk= fe`dd`‛fnzlrlk= fc{‛nj mdnwblkgl=|ðh`qës`‛|d{n Ech wenvl jcrl= {`{(mðnoe`‛nj {el `gc{`{cnd nj {el hnklv nj h`{lrc`b d`{|rl= zcvqeòric{`‛n|{vckl= hëd`vës`‛|d{n Ech wenvl hcdk=d`cðm`rhs`(oeëzld`‛olf`|vl nj {el v{`gl nj vqcrc{|`b |dklrv{`dkcdg=zcz`ric{`‛cd {envl wen gczl |q= ëg`h`‛Zlkcf qrcdfcqblv=vz`s`h‛qlrvnd`bbs= qr`mëçës`‛|d{n Ech wen cv h`dcjlv{= d`h`ó m`rnhc‛C

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Hs Bnrk" `v {el jcrl cd `r`íc wnnk cv fnzlrlk" Sn| `dk Sn|r |dbchc{lkmdnwblkgl `rl fnzlrlk os {el h`{lrc`b hnklv nj d`{|rl$ Sn|r hcdk" enwlzlr" cvdn{ `{{ld{czl {n {el `f{czc{clv nj {el hnklv nj d`{|rl$ [envl wen `rl `kz`dflkcd vqcrc{|`b mdnwblkgl `rl dn{ v|oilf{ {n {el rlg|b`{czl qrcdfcqblv kcrlf{lk cd {elZlkcf bc{lr`{|rlv$ Olf`|vl v|fe `kz`dflk vn|bv `rl {r`dvfldkld{`b" Sn|qlrvnd`bbs `qql`r cd {elcr q|rl hcdkv$ [elrljnrl C njjlr hs rlvqlf{j|bnolcv`dflv |d{n Sn|$

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E`zcdg olld j`znrlk os {el f`|vlblvv hlrfs nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s njGnkel`k `dk e`zcdg rlg`cdlk ecv nrcgcd`b jnrh" Mcdg Eòeò fcrf|h`ho|b`{lk{el Bnrk `dk njjlrlk ecv nolcv`dflv$ [eld" cd {el qrlvldfl nj `bb {el klhcgnkv"el`klk os Orèhë" el rl{|rdlk {n G`dke`rz`bnm`$ El e`k olld jrllk nj `bbvcdj|b rl`f{cndv$

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GÌ`lDkX`l 4`G`z[VQÙ``_k% czH`|¯(`lî`DòDK`D``[`% #Q`]`à`l 4`G`z[``l êQ`* Q`p[`z`V``é[`|4`|_I`/ ## : ##

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Q\_QN_[

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[LU[ 7

V` zL Q \z_H`4 \k% rÌ`` Q``2As l kXczAV`{`H`/ #

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0<6

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[_@DVB@[CND

[ecv Gìldkr` e`k jnrhlrbs olld ` Z`cðí`z` `dk {el mcdg nj {el fn|d{rsmdnwd `v Qëíÿs`" wecfe cv cd {el qrnzcdfl nj Kr`zcÿ` ]Vn|{e Cdkc`X$ Cd ecvqrlzcn|v bcjl" el w`v mdnwd `v Cdkr`ks|hd` Hèërëi`$

[LU[ 5

V` Wm(k`r`K`D`m(`b. @`[H`z`D %G`)ep[`H``LD`zX[` w_âr* ecrH`% #

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[_@DVB@[CND

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[LU[ 3

S`k)FTS`` [`x` Hè`SÙ`` H`|cD`/V`H``G`H`cFTYS`G`2 L/ Q`crcã][`/ #[ * zp-S` [ \Y2`pH`m)([`è_2``ckm*(reVS`|Q``V pD`H`)cyé|m( lQ` e ## 3 ##

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[LU[ 01

[`VH`` wH`* U``Q`H`k`kV``K |’rS * k|r`[H``m)([ò|cÚrÝ #

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Q\_QN_[

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0<7

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0<5

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Ç|m`klz` Gnvzëhã fnd{cd|lk9 Hs kl`r Mcdg" `j{lr @g`v{s` H|dc e`k {e|vf|rvlk Mcdg Cdkr`ks|hd`" {el H|dc blj{ {e`{ qb`fl `bndg wc{e ecv kcvfcqblv$Vcdfl {el Mcdg w`v ` klzn{ll" el `fflq{lk @g`v{s` H|dc'v f|rvl `v wlbfnhlolf`|vl c{ w`v {el klvcrl nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$ [elrljnrl"`b{en|ge cd ecv dlu{ bcjl el gn{ {el onks nj `d lblqe`d{" olf`|vl nj klzn{cnd`bvlrzcfl el rlhlholrlk enw {n wnrvecq `dk njjlr qr`slrv {n {el Bnrk$

Q\_QN_[

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0<3

klzn{ll mdnwv we`{ cv we`{= el |dklrv{`dkv we`{ cv e`qqldcdg cd h`{lrc`b"fndkc{cnd`b bcjl$

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qr`s`{ëó‛olcdg zlrs f`rlj|b= v|(v`hëec{ëó‛wc{e fndfld{r`{lk hcdkv=vh`r`d{c‛rlhlholr= h`h`‛Hs= ròqëíc‛jnrhv= h|fs`d{l‛`rl klbczlrlk={l‛v|fe qlrvndv= `áe`v`ó‛jrnh vcdj|b rl`f{cndv= `mecbë{‛nj `bb mcdkv$

[_@DVB@[CND

[el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k v`ck9 Jrllk jrnh `bb vcdj|b rl`f{cndv`rl {envl wen rcvl jrnh olk `{ {el ldk nj dcge{" l`rbs cd {el hnrdcdg" `dk j|bbsfndfld{r`{l {elcr hcdkv wc{e grl`{ `{{ld{cnd |qnd Hs jnrh= sn|r jnrh= {ecvb`ml= {ecv hn|d{`cd= {el f`zlv= {el g`rkldv= {el f`dl qb`d{v= {el o`honn qb`d{v={el flblv{c`b {rllv= {el rlvckld{c`b p|`r{lrv nj Hl" Bnrk Orèhë `dk Bnrk Çcz`={el {erll ql`mv nj [rcmòú` Hn|d{`cd" h`kl nj gnbk" vcbzlr `dk crnd= Hs zlrsqbl`vcdg ònkl ]{el nfl`d nj hcbmX= {el wec{l cvb`dk" Çzl{`kzãq`" wecfe cv

`bw`sv orcbbc`d{ wc{e vqcrc{|`b r`sv= Hs h`rm nj Çrãz`{v`= {el M`|v{|oe` glh=Hs Z`ci`s`d{ã g`rb`dk= Hs fb|o" M`|hnk`mã= Hs V|k`rç`d` kcvf `dkQëîfì`ds` fndfevelbb= Hs ol`rlr" G`r|ÿ`" {el mcdg nj {el ocrkv= Hs olk" Çlð`Dëg`= Hs luq`dvcnd nj ldlrgs {el gnkklvv nj jnr{|dl= Bnrk Orèhë= Dër`k`




0:3

H|dc= Bnrk Çcz`= Qrèbëk`= Hs cdf`rd`{cndv bcml H`{vs`" Mòrh` `dk Z`rëe`=Hs |dbchc{lk `bb(`|vqcfcn|v `f{czc{clv" wecfe sclbk qcl{s {n el wen el`rv {elh={el v|d= {el hnnd= jcrl= {el h`d{r` námër`= {el @ovnb|{l [r|{e= {el {n{`bh`{lrc`b ldlrgs= {el fnwv `dk orëeh`í`v= klzn{cnd`b vlrzcfl= {el wczlv nj Vnh``dk M`çs`q`" wen `rl `bb k`|ge{lrv nj Mcdg K`mð`= {el _czlrv G`dglv"V`r`vz`{ã" D`dkë `dk S`h|dë ]MëbcdkãX= {el lblqe`d{ @crëz`{`= Ker|z`Hèërëi`= {el vlzld ìðcv= `dk {el qcn|v e|h`d olcdgv$

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S`l H``* V[`|zD[S`D`lD``%r# Q`]c[ò|KS` cDÙ``[S`S`l #[`ly`* Q`]`2``[S`S`l fè* kk`cH` czQ`|b.`* G`c[`H`% ## ?< ##

sl hëá v{|z`d{s `dldëâg` qr`{co|kes` dcçë{s`sl

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VSDNDSHV

sl‛{envl wen= hëh‛|d{n Hl= v{|z`d{c‛njjlr qr`slrv= `dld`‛cd {ecv w`s=`âg`‛N Mcdg= qr`{co|kes`‛gl{{cdg |q= dcç`(`{s`sl‛`{ {el ldk nj dcge{={lðëh‛jnr {elh= qrëí`(`{s`sl‛`{ {el {chl nj kl`{e= f`‛`bvn= è`h‛C=k`këhc‛gczl= zcq|bëh‛{el l{lrd`b" |dbchc{lk= g`{ch‛{r`dvjlrr`b {n {elvqcrc{|`b wnrbk$

[_@DVB@[CND

Hs kl`r klzn{ll" |d{n {envl wen rcvl jrnh olk `{ {el ldk nj dcge{ `dk njjlrHl {el qr`slrv njjlrlk os sn|" C gczl `d l{lrd`b rlvckldfl cd {el vqcrc{|`b wnrbk`{ {el ldk nj {elcr bczlv$




071

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ã]pã|m( nz`fw[S``ckUS` ûypml(U`/ Q`]`KH``S` I`b.I``l{`H`H`% #ey_S`cDzo|K``D`pm(H``ìr le ,G``cK`Q`H % ## ?: ##

çrã(ç|m` |zëf`c{s ëkcçs` eìðãmlç`ó

qrëkehës` i`bìn{{`h`h

e`rð`s`d zco|keëdãm`hër|rne` me`gëkecq`h

VSDNDSHV

çrã(ç|m`ó |zëf`‛Çrã Ç|m`klz` Gnvzëhã v`ck= c{c‛{e|v= ëkcçs`‛`kzcvcdg=eìðãmlç`ó‛{el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" mdnwd `v Eìðãmlç`=

qrëkehës`‛obnwcdg= i`b`(i`(|{{`h`h‛{el fndfevelbb" {el olv{ nj {el`p|`{cfv= e`rð`s`d‛qbl`vcdg= zco|ke`(`dãm`h‛{el env{ nj klhcgnkv" el`klk

os Bnrk Orèhë `dk Bnrk Çcz`= ër|rne`‛gn{ |q= me`g`(`kecq`h‛nd {el o`fmnj G`r|ÿ`$

[_@DVB@[CND

Çrã Ç|m`klz` Gnvzëhã fnd{cd|lk9 @j{lr gczcdg {ecv cdv{r|f{cnd" {el Bnrk"wen cv mdnwd `v Eìðãmlç`" o|gblk wc{e Ecv Qëîfì`ds` fndfevelbb" cd {ecv w`sqbl`vcdg `bb {el klhcgnkv" el`klk os Bnrk Orèhë$ [eld El hn|d{lk {el o`fm

nj Ecv f`rrclr" G`r|ÿ`$

[e|v ldk {el Oe`m{czlk`d{` q|rqnr{v nj {el Lcge{e F`d{n" Jn|r{e Fe`q{lr" nj {elÇrãh`k(Oeëg`z`{`h" ld{c{blk /Gìldkr` _l{|rdv {n {el Vqcrc{|`b Wnrbk$/




070

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[el orn{elr nj [ëh`v`" {el jn|r{e H`d|" wen e`v qrlzcn|vbs olldklvfrcolk" w`v {el jcj{e H`d|" _`cz`{`$ [el vndv nj _`cz`{` cdfb|klk @ri|d`"

O`bc `dk Zcdkes`$ K|rcdg {el rlcgd nj {ecv H`d|" Cdkr`" {el Mcdg nj el`zld"w`v mdnwd `v Zcoe|$ @hndg {el klhcgnkv wlrl {el Oeò{`r`s`v" `dk `hndg{el vlzld ìðcv wlrl Ecr`ís`rnhë" Zlk`çcrë `dk Òrkezòëe|$ [el ìðc mdnwd `vÇ|oer`" os ecv wcjl" Zcm|íúeë" g`zl ocr{e {n {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" Z`cm|íúe`$ [ecv V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k h`dcjlv{lk `Z`cm|íúe` qb`dl{ `{ {el rlp|lv{ nj _`hëklzã$ Ecv qnwlr `dk `f{czc{clv `rlhld{cndlk cd {el [ecrk F`d{n$

[el vcu{e H`d| w`v Fëmð|ð`" {el vnd nj F`mð| H`d|$ @hndg {el vndv nj

{el vcu{e H`d| wlrl Qòr|" Qòr|ð` `dk V|ks|hd`$ K|rcdg {el rlcgd nj {ecvH`d|" H`d{r`kr|h` w`v Cdkr`" {el Mcdg nj {el el`zldbs qb`dl{v$ @hndg {elklhcgnkv wlrl {el Ëqs`v" `dk `hndg {el vlzld ìðcv wlrl E`zcðhëd `dkZãr`m`$ [el wcjl nj Z`crëi`" wenvl d`hl w`v Klz`v`hoeò{c" g`zl ocr{e {n@ic{`" `d cdf`rd`{cnd nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$ [ecv @ic{`"{`mcdg {el ve`ql nj ` {nr{ncvl `dk enbkcdg {el hn|d{`cd mdnwd `v H`dk`r` ndEcv o`fm" fe|rdlk {el nfl`d `dk qrnk|flk dlf{`r jnr {el klhcgnkv$

Hèërëi` Q`rãmðc{ w`v zlrs l`glr {n el`r òn|{ {el fe|rdcdg nj {el nfl`d"

`dk {elrljnrl Ç|m`klz` Gnvzëhã olg`d {n luqb`cd {n ech enw {el klhcgnkv"e`zcdg olld f|rvlk os K|rzëvë H|dc" wlrl kljl`{lk cd o`{{bl os {el `v|r`v$Weld {el klhcgnkv wlrl klqrczlk nj {elcr el`zldbs mcdgknh" {els wld{ {n{el `vvlhobs en|vl nj Bnrk Orèhë `dk cdjnrhlk Bnrk Orèhë nj we`{ e`k




07?

e`qqldlk$ [eld Orèhë" `bndg wc{e `bb {el klhcgnkv" wld{ {n {el venrl nj {elnfl`d nj hcbm `dk njjlrlk qr`slrv {n Mðãrnk`m`çësã Zcðí|$

[LU[ 0

ã]pã|m( nz`frÌ`á|ck[`H l[`[ % [ l erl/ m(H` _g`D`Ù`D`H % #

GÌ`lDkXH``l-`2`* Q`|2S`* rLz[`* [zD[`r* ã)2`| ## 0 ##

çrã(ç|m` |zëf`

rëi`dd |kc{`h l{`{ {le`rló m`rhëge`(dëç`d`h

gìldkr`(hnmð`í`á q|ís`ár`cz`{`á {z `d{`r`á çìí|

VSDNDSHV

çrã(ç|m`ó |zëf`‛Çrã Ç|m`klz` Gnvzëhã v`ck= rëi`d‛N Mcdg= |kc{`h‛`brl`ksklvfrcolk= l{`{‛{ecv= {l‛|d{n sn|= e`rló‛nj {el Bnrk= m`rh`‛`f{czc{s=

`ge`(dëç`d`h‛os el`rcdg wecfe ndl f`d ol jrllk jrnh `bb hcvjnr{|dl=gìldkr`(hnmð`í`h‛klbczlr`dfl nj Gìldkr`" {el Mcdg nj {el lblqe`d{v=

q|ís`h‛zlrs qcn|v {n el`r `dk klvfrcol= r`cz`{`h‛òn|{ _`cz`{` H`d|={|‛o|{= `d{`r`h‛cd {ecv hcbblddc|h= çìí|‛mcdkbs el`r jrnh hl$

[_@DVB@[CND

Ç|m`klz` Gnvzëhã fnd{cd|lk9 N Mcdg" C e`zl klvfrcolk {n sn| {el q`v{chl

nj Gìldkr`(hnmð`í`" wecfe cv hnv{ qcn|v {n el`r$ Os el`rcdg nj v|fe `f{czc{clvnj {el Bnrk" ndl f`d ol jrllk jrnh `bb vcdj|b rl`f{cndv$ Dnw qbl`vl bcv{ld `v Cklvfrcol _`cz`{` H`d|$




076

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Q`ËH``l rLz[``l D``H` H`D`|V[``H`V`V``lkr/ #ocb.czDKS``kS`V[`VS` V |[`` eÌ |_D`Q \z_m(`/ ## ? ##

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VSDNDSHV

q`îf`h`ó‛{el jcj{e= r`cz`{`ó‛_`cz`{`= dëh`‛os {el d`hl= h`d|ó‛H`d|={ëh`v`(vnk`r`ó‛{el orn{elr nj [ëh`v` H`d|= o`bc‛O`bc= zcdkes`‛Zcdkes`=ëk`s`ó‛`dk vn nd= {`vs`‛ecv= v|{ëó‛vndv= e`‛flr{`cdbs= `ri|d`‛@ri|d`=

qòrz`mëó‛el`kcdg `bb {el vndv$

[_@DVB@[CND

[el orn{elr nj [ëh`v` H`d| w`v {el jcj{e H`d|" d`hlk _`cz`{`$ Ecv vndvwlrl el`klk os @ri|d`" O`bc `dk Zcdkes`$

[LU[ 6

cz4`|crDkX/ V`|rG`2`` rÌ`D4`\[`rS``kS`/ #cer2S`r`lH`` zlkcU`r` NÞ_o`ý`kS``l cÒI``/ ## 6 ##

zcoe|r cdkr`ó v|r`(g`íërëi`d oeò{`r`sëk`s`óecr`ís`rnhë zlk`çcrë

òrkezòëez(ëk`sn kzciëó




07;

VSDNDSHV

zcoe|ó‛Zcoe|= cdkr`ó‛{el Mcdg nj el`zld= v|r`(g`íëó‛{el klhcgnkv=rëi`d‛N Mcdg= oeò{`r`s`(ëk`s`ó‛el`klk os {el Oeò{`r`s`v=ecr`ís`rnhë‛Ecr`ís`rnhë= zlk`çcrë‛Zlk`çcrë= òrkezòëe|‛Òrkezòëe|=ëk`s`ó‛`dk n{elrv= kzciëó‛{el orëeh`í`v nr ìðcv wen nff|qclk {el vlzldqb`dl{v$

[_@DVB@[CND

N Mcdg" cd {el hcbblddc|h nj _`cz`{` H`d| {el Mcdg nj el`zld w`v mdnwd`v Zcoe|" `hndg {el klhcgnkv wlrl {el Oeò{`r`s`v" `dk `hndg {el vlzldorëeh`í`v wen nff|qclk {el vlzld qb`dl{v wlrl Ecr`ís`rnhë" Zlk`çcrë `dkÒrkezòëe|$

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Q`ßp czm|(2&8` ã|4`XVS` zLm|(2&L8/ V`|rV`{`H`L/ #

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{`snó vz`(m`b`së iìîlz`cm|íúen oe`g`zëd vz`s`h

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q`{dã‛{el wcjl= zcm|íúeë‛d`hlk Zcm|íúeë= ç|oer`vs`‛nj Ç|oer`=z`cm|íúe`có‛wc{e {el Z`cm|íúe`v= v|r`(v`{({`h`có‛klhcgnkv= {`snó‛osZcm|íúeë `dk Ç|oer`= vz`(m`b`së‛wc{e qbld`rs luq`dvcndv= iìîl‛`qql`rlk=z`cm|íúe`ó‛{el Bnrk= oe`g`zëd‛{el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k=




07<

vz`s`h‛qlrvnd`bbs$

[_@DVB@[CNDJrnh {el fnhocd`{cnd nj Ç|oer` `dk ecv wcjl" Zcm|íúeë" {elrl `qql`rlk {el

V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" Z`cm|íúe`" `bndg wc{e klhcgnkv wen wlrlEcv qlrvnd`b qbld`rs luq`dvcndv$

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zLm|(2&8/ m(cBQ`[` l S lD` b. lm( l b. lm(D`H`Vm)([`/ #rH`S`` Q`]`PS`_H``D`lD` klZS`` [`c[Q`]S`m(`HS`S`` ## < ##

z`cm|íúe`ó m`bqc{n sld`bnmn bnm`(d`h`vmì{`ó

r`h`së qrër{es`hëdld`klzsë {`{(qrcs`(mëhs`së

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z`cm|íúe`ó‛` Z`cm|íúe` qb`dl{= m`bqc{`ó‛w`v fndv{r|f{lk= sld`‛os wenh=bnm`ó‛qb`dl{= bnm`(d`h`vmì{`ó‛wnrvecqlk os `bb qlnqbl= r`h`së‛os _`hë"{el gnkklvv nj jnr{|dl= qrër{es`hëdld`‛olcdg vn rlp|lv{lk= klzsë‛os {elgnkklvv= {`{‛elr= qrcs`(mëhs`së‛i|v{ {n qbl`vl$

[_@DVB@[CND

I|v{ {n qbl`vl {el gnkklvv nj jnr{|dl" {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k"Z`cm|íúe`" `{ elr rlp|lv{" frl`{lk `dn{elr Z`cm|íúe` qb`dl{" wecfe cvwnrvecqlk os lzlrsndl$




07:

Q\_QN_[

Çrãb` Zcçz`dë{e` F`mr`z`r{ã Úeëm|r` rlh`rmv elrl {e`{ {ecv Z`cm|íúe`qb`dl{" bcml Çrãh`k(Oeëg`z`{`h" `qql`rv `dk cv v`ck {n ol onrd nr frl`{lk" o|{on{e Çrãh`k(Oeëg`z`{`h `dk Z`cm|íúe` l{lrd`bbs lucv{ olsndk {el h`{lrc`b|dczlrvlv" wecfe `rl ldzlbnqlk os lcge{ mcdkv nj fnzlrcdgv$ @v klvfrcolk cd {elVlfndk F`d{n" Bnrk Or`ehë v`w Z`cm|íúe` oljnrl {el frl`{cnd nj {el|dczlrvl$ Zãr`rëge`z` Ëfërs` hld{cndv {e`{ {ecv Z`cm|íúe` cv wc{ecd {el|dczlrvl$ C{ cv vc{|`{lk `onzl {el hn|d{`cd mdnwd `v Bnmëbnm`$ [ecv qb`dl{ cvwnrvecqlk os lzlrsndl$

[LU[ :

[`VS``D`|4``z/ m(cP`[``l G`|2``é Q`rH``lkS``/ #4``LH``Drl2`\DV` czH`H`l S``l czY2``lz_2`_S`lk% G`|2``D`% ## : ##

{`vsëd|oeëz`ó m`{ec{ng|íëç f` q`r`hnk`sëó

oe`|hëd rlíòd v` zch`hlsn zcðínr z`rí`slk g|íëd

VSDNDSHV

{`vs`‛nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k `qql`rcdg `v Z`cm|íúe`=`d|oeëz`ó‛grl`{ `f{czc{clv= m`{ec{`ó‛wlrl luqb`cdlk=g|íëó‛{r`dvfldkld{`b p|`bc{clv= f`‛`bvn= q`r`h`(|k`sëó‛grl`{bs gbnrcn|v=oe`|hëd‛l`r{ebs= rlíòd‛q`r{cfblv= v`ó‛vnhlndl= zch`hl‛f`d fn|d{=

s`ó‛v|fe ` qlrvnd= zcðínó‛nj Bnrk Zcðí|= z`rí`sl{‛f`d fn|d{= g|íëd‛{el{r`dvfldkld{`b p|`bc{clv$




077

[_@DVB@[CND

@b{en|ge {el grl`{ `f{czc{clv `dk {r`dvfldkld{`b p|`bc{clv nj {el V|qrlhlQlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k'v z`rcn|v cdf`rd`{cndv `rl wndklrj|bbs klvfrcolk"vnhl{chlv wl `rl |d`obl {n |dklrv{`dk {elh$ Sl{ lzlrs{ecdg cv qnvvcobl jnrBnrk Zcðí|$ Cj ndl fn|bk fn|d{ {el `{nhv nj {el |dczlrvl" {eld el fn|bk fn|d{{el p|`bc{clv nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$ O|{ dn ndl f`d fn|d{ {el`{nhv nj {el |dczlrvl" dnr f`d `dsndl fn|d{ {el {r`dvfldkld{`b p|`bc{clv nj {elBnrk$

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[LU[ 7

yîé f-`|y/ Q`|x`é`-`|y`l D``H` zL H`D`|/ #Q`\ìQ`\ìyV`|Ý|H`dQ`]H`|,`é`-`|y`[H`I``/ ## 7 ##




075

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qòr|ð`‛Qòr|ð`= v|ks|hd`‛V|ks|hd`= qr`h|meëó‛el`klk os=fëmð|ð`(ë{h`(iëó‛{el vndv nj Fëmð|ð`$

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[LU[ 5

wDkX`l H`Dx`kX|H`V[`x` klz` @`QS``kS``l G`2``/ #H |D`S`V[`x` zL r`I`DeczYH`Òprm(`kS`/ ## 5 ##

cdkrn h`d{r`kr|h`v {`{r`klzë ëqsëk`sn g`íëó

h|d`s`v {`{r` z`c rëi`de`zcðh`k(zãr`mëk`s`ó

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073

{`{r`‛{elrl= z`c‛cdkllk= rëi`d‛N Mcdg= e`zcðh`{‛nj {el d`hl E`zcðhëd=zãr`m`(ëk`s`ó‛Zãr`m` `dk n{elrv$

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K|rcdg {el rlcgd nj Fëmð|ð` H`d|" {el Mcdg nj el`zld w`v mdnwd `vH`d{r`kr|h`$ @hndg {el klhcgnkv wlrl {el Ëqs`v" `dk `hndg {el grl`{ v`glvwlrl E`zcðhëd `dk Zãr`m`$

[LU[ 3

[`x``cQ` klzV`H4`\[S``* zLrÌ`VS``4`z[`% V`|[`/ #@cI`[``l D``H` 4`G`z`D`*U`lD` I`G`[`/ Q`c[`/ ## 3 ##

{`{rëqc klz`v`hoeò{sëáz`crëi`vsëoe`z`{ v|{`óìc{n dëh` oe`g`zëd`áçld` i`g`{`ó q`{có

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Cd {ecv vcu{e h`dz`d{`r` hcbblddc|h" Bnrk Zcðí|" {el h`v{lr nj {el|dczlrvl" `qql`rlk cd Ecv q`r{c`b luq`dvcnd$ El w`v olgn{{ld os Z`crëi` cd {el




051

wnho nj ecv wcjl" Klz`v`hoeò{c" `dk Ecv d`hl w`v @ic{`$

[LU[ 01

Q`S``lcK`* S`lD` cD`H`_PS` V`|r`2``* V``cK`[`` V`|K`` #4`XH`H``2``l^H4 cV` K`)[`/ m\(H`_êQ`l2` H`Dkr/ ## 01 ##

q`snkecá sld` dcrh`{es`v|rëíëá vëkec{ë v|keë

oer`h`hëín 'hoe`vc keì{`ó

mòrh`(ròqlí` h`dk`r`ó

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Os fe|rdcdg {el nfl`d nj hcbm" @ic{` qrnk|flk dlf{`r jnr {el klhcgnkv$ Cd{el jnrh nj ` {nr{ncvl" El hnzlk elrl `dk {elrl" f`rrscdg nd Ecv o`fm {el grl`{hn|d{`cd mdnwd `v H`dk`r`$

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ã]pr`I``lz`fS`P`` 4`G`z[`` oXõDH`cP`[`/ -`prV``G`r/ #

S`kP` z` S`[`é`ckX* kK``r`Ho|fr`[H`D`` ## 00 ##




050

S`P``H`)[`* V`|rL/ Q`]`à* cm*( f`DS`k4`z[`% [`[`/ #W[`k% 4`G`z[`/ m(H _ zkVz Q`rH``k%4 |[`H % ## 0? ##

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çrã(rëië |zëf`‛Mcdg Q`rãmðc{ cdp|crlk= s`{eë‛`v= oe`g`z`{ë‛os {el V|qrlhlQlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k= orèh`d‛N bl`rdlk orëeh`í`= h`{ec{`ó‛fe|rdlk=mðãr`(vëg`r`ó‛{el nfl`d nj hcbm= s`{(`r{e`h‛we`{ w`v {el q|rqnvl=zë‛lc{elr= s`{`ó‛welrljrnh" jnr we`{ rl`vnd= f`‛`dk= `krch‛{el

hn|d{`cd %H`dk`r`#= k`keër`‛w`v v{`scdg= `ho|f`r`(ë{h`dë‛cd {el jnrhnj ` {nr{ncvl= s`{eë‛`v= `hì{`h‛dlf{`r= v|r`có‛os {el klhcgnkv=

qrëq{`h‛w`v `feclzlk= mch‛we`{= f`‛`dk= `ds`{‛n{elr=òe`z`{‛olf`hl= {`{`ó‛{elrl`j{lr= l{`{‛`bb {elvl= oe`g`z`{`ó‛nj {elV|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k= m`rh`‛q`v{chlv" `f{czc{clv=z`k`vz`‛mcdkbs klvfrcol= q`r`h`(`koe|{`h‛olf`|vl {els `rl vn wndklrj|b$

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kck Bnrk Zcðí| fe|rd {el nfl`d nj hcbm> Jnr we`{ rl`vnd kck El v{`s cd {elw`{lr `v ` {nr{ncvl `dk enbk |q H`dk`r` Hn|d{`cd> Enw kck {el klhcgnkv




05?

no{`cd {el dlf{`r" `dk we`{ n{elr {ecdgv wlrl qrnk|flk jrnh {el fe|rdcdg nj{el nfl`d> Mcdkbs klvfrcol `bb {elvl wndklrj|b `f{czc{clv nj {el Bnrk$

[LU[ 06

[zS`` V`©PS`H``D`lD` H`ceH`d` V``[z[``* Q`[`l/ #D``c[`[`)QS`c[` H`l cf{`* V`|cfr* [``Q`[``cQ`[`H`% ## 06 ##

{z`së v`âm`{es`hëdld`hèchdë vë{z`{ëá q`{ló

dë{c{ìqs`{c hl fc{{`áv|fcr`á {ëq`({ëqc{`h

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{ëqc{`h‛olcdg kcv{rlvvlk$

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[LU[ 0;

ã]pV \[` nz`fV`HQ`)è`l 4`G`z`D`lz* ÒLQ``S`D`V`|[``l cÒI``/ #




056

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òecd`dks` e`rlr zãrs`hòesëf`ðú|á qr`f`mr`hl

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çrã(vò{`ó |zëf`‛Çrã Vò{` Gnvzëhã v`ck= v`hqìðú`ó‛olcdg p|lv{cndlk=

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qr`f`mr`hl‛ldkl`znrlk$

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Çrã Vò{` Gnvzëhã v`ck9 N bl`rdlk orëeh`í`v `vvlhoblk elrl `{D`chcðër`ís`" weld Ç|m`klz` Gnvzëhã" {el vnd nj Kz`cqës`d`" w`v {e|vp|lv{cndlk os {el Mcdg" el fndgr`{|b`{lk {el Mcdg `dk {eld ldkl`znrlk {nklvfrcol j|r{elr {el gbnrclv nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$

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ã]pã|m( nz`f

S`k` S`|Úl^V`|rLkl_z` oKS`H``D``/ cU`[``S`|K`L/ #G`[``V`z`l cD`Q`c[`[`` D``lc{`îlrDVH` 4`\crU`/ ## 0< ##S`k` k|z`_V`/ U``Q`lD` V`lDkX` b.`lm(`ðS``l D`)Q` #




05;

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çrã(ç|m` |zëf`s`kë s|kkel 'v|r`cr klzëo`kes`hëdëó çc{ës|ke`có

g`{ëv`zn dcq`{c{ëdn{{cðúelr`d vh` oeòrcç`ó

s`kë k|rzëv`ó çëqld`vldkrë bnmëv {r`sn dìq`

dcóçrãmëç fëoe`z`áv {`{r`

dlç|r cisëk`s`ó mrcsëó

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s`kë‛weld= k|rzëv`ó‛nj K|rzëvë H|dc= çëqld`‛wc{e {el f|rvl=v`(cdkrëó‛wc{e Cdkr`= bnmëó {r`s`ó‛{el {erll wnrbkv= dìq`‛N Mcdg=dcóçrãmëó‛wc{en|{ `ds h`{lrc`b nq|bldfl= f`‛`bvn= `oe`z`d‛olf`hl={`{r`‛`{ {e`{ {chl= dlç|ó‛fn|bk dn{ ol qlrjnrhlk= cis`(ëk`s`ó‛v`frcjcflv=mrcsëó‛rc{|`bcv{cf flrlhndclv$

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05<

qnzlr{s(v{rcfmld" `dk {elrljnrl rc{|`bcv{cf flrlhndclv fn|bk dn{ ol qlrjnrhlk$[el ljjlf{v nj {ecv wlrl zlrs vlrcn|v$

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vh`velk c{$ Vllcdg {ecv cdv|b{cdg ole`zcnr" K|rzëvë H|dc chhlkc`{lbs f|rvlkCdkr` {n ol qnzlr{s(v{rcfmld" olrlj{ nj `bb h`{lrc`b nq|bldfl$ [e|v {elklhcgnkv" `jjbcf{lk nd ndl vckl os {el jcge{cdg klhndv `dk nd {el n{elr os {elf|rvl nj K|rzëvë H|dc" bnv{ `bb {el h`{lrc`b nq|bldflv cd {el {erll wnrbkv$

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[LU[V 07(05

cDÙ``HS`L[`[`% V`|rG`2`` HèlDkXzì2``kS`/ #D``KS`G`FTDVzS`* H`Dx`LH`_Dx`S`D[``l czcD`cé[`H`% ## 07 ##[`[``l oXõV`4``* I`GH`|H`l_r`lH`\_K`_cD` V`z_U`/ #




05:

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Bnrk Cdkr`" Z`r|í` `dk {el n{elr klhcgnkv" vllcdg {elcr bczlv cd v|fe `v{`{l" fndv|b{lk `hndg {elhvlbzlv" o|{ {els fn|bk dn{ jcdk `ds vnb|{cnd$ [eld`bb {el klhcgnkv `vvlhoblk `dk wld{ {ngl{elr {n {el ql`m nj V|hlr| Hn|d{`cd$

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057

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VSDNDSHV

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[LU[ 61

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[LU[ 60

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VSDNDSHV

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[_@DVB@[CND

C ]Bnrk OrèhëX" Bnrk Çcz` `dk `bb {el klhcgnkv" `ffnhq`dclk os {elqrìëq`{cv bcml K`mð`" `rl dn{ecdg o|{ vq`rmv cbb|hcd`{lk os Sn|" wen `rl {elnrcgcd`b jcrl$ Vcdfl wl `rl q`r{cfblv nj Sn|" we`{ f`d wl |dklrv{`dk òn|{ n|rwlbj`rl> N V|qrlhl Bnrk" qbl`vl gczl |v {el hl`dv nj klbczlr`dfl {e`{ cvv|c{òbl jnr {el orëeh`í`v `dk klhcgnkv$

Q\_QN_[

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e`rlr dëh` e`rlr dëhè`rlr dëh`cz` mlz`b`h

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/Cd {ecv `gl nj p|`rrlb `dk esqnfrcvs {el ndbs hl`dv nj klbczlr`dfl cv fe`d{cdg{el enbs d`hl nj {el Bnrk$ [elrl cv dn n{elr w`s$ [elrl cv dn n{elr w`s$[elrl cv dn n{elr w`s$/ Cd Ecv Çcmðëðú`m`" Bnrk F`c{`ds` v`sv" q`r`á zci`s`{lçrã(mìðí`(v`âmãr{`d`h9 /@bb gbnrclv {n {el fe`d{cdg nj çrã(mìðí`(v`âmãr{`d`!/[el hèë(h`d{r`‛E`rl Mìðí`" E`rl Mìðí`" Mìðí` Mìðí`" E`rl E`rl. E`rl_ëh`" E`rl _ëh`" _ëh` _ëh`" E`rl E`rl‛cv kcrlf{bs fe`d{lk os {el BnrkEchvlbj" wen gczlv |v {ecv h`d{r` jnr klbczlr`dfl$

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[LU[ 0:

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çrã(ç|m` |zëf`lz`á zcrcîfëkcoecr ãÿc{`v {`k

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VSDNDSHV

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[_@DVB@[CND

Ç|m`klz` Gnvzëhã fnd{cd|lk9 Weld {el Bnrk w`v {e|v njjlrlk qr`slrv os{el klhcgnkv" el`klk os Bnrk Orèhë" El |dklrv{nnk {el q|rqnvl jnr wecfe{els e`k `qqrn`felk Ech$ [elrljnrl" cd ` kllq zncfl {e`{ rlvlhoblk {elr|hobcdg nj fbn|kv" {el Bnrk rlqbclk {n {el klhcgnkv" wen `bb v{nnk {elrl

`{{ld{czlbs wc{e jnbklk e`dkv$

[LU[ 07




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VSDNDSHV

lm`ó‛`bndl= lz`‛cdkllk= ãçz`r`ó‛{el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k=

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[_@DVB@[CND

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[LU[ 05

ã]p4`G`z`D`|z`feD[` oXõáe`l U`H4``l el klz` H`H` 4``cy[`H`% #

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çrã(oe`g`zëd |zëfè`d{` orèh`dd èn ç`hoen

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VSDNDSHV

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[_@DVB@[CND

[el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k v`ck9 N Bnrk Orèhë" Bnrk Çcz` `dkn{elr klhcgnkv" qbl`vl el`r Hl wc{e grl`{ `{{ld{cnd" jnr we`{ C v`s wcbb orcdggnnk jnr{|dl jnr `bb nj sn|$

[LU[ 03

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VSDNDSHV

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[_@DVB@[CND

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Q\_QN_[

Ndl wnrk cd {ecv zlrvl e`v {wn rl`kcdgv‛mëbld` `dk mëzsld`$ Mëbld`hl`dv /j`znrlk os {chl"/ `dk mëzsld` hl`dv /j`znrlk os Ç|mrëfërs`"/Ç|mrëfërs` olcdg {el vqcrc{|`b h`v{lr nj {el K`c{s`v$ [el klhndv `dk K`c{s`vwlrl j`znrlk cd on{e w`sv" `dk {elrljnrl {el klhcgnkv wlrl `kzcvlk os {elV|qrlhl Bnrk {n lulf|{l ` {r|fl jnr {el {chl olcdg" |d{cb {chl j`znrlk {elh$

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VSDNDSHV

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mì{zë‛h`mcdg= dl{r`h‛{el fe|rdcdg rnql= mì{zë‛h`mcdg= {|‛o|{=zëv|mch‛{el vd`ml Zëv|mc= vèësld`‛wc{e ` elbqlr= h`së‛os Hl=klzëó‛`bb {el klhcgnkv= dcrh`d{e`kez`h‛gn nd fe|rdcdg= `{`dkrc{ëó‛zlrsf`rlj|bbs" wc{en|{ kczlrvcnd= mblç`(oeëi`ó‛ve`rl{`mlrv nj v|jjlrcdgv=oe`zcðs`d{c‛wcbb ol= k`c{sëó‛{el klhndv= sòs`h‛o|{ `bb nj sn|=

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N klhcgnkv" f`v{ cd{n {el nfl`d nj hcbm `bb mcdkv nj zlgl{òblv" gr`vv"frllqlrv `dk kr|gv$ [eld" wc{e Hs elbq" h`mcdg H`dk`r` Hn|d{`cd {el

fe|rdcdg rnk `dk Zëv|mc {el rnql jnr fe|rdcdg" fe|rd {el nfl`d nj hcbm wc{e|dkczlr{lk `{{ld{cnd$ [e|v {el klhndv wcbb ol ldg`glk cd bònr" o|{ sn|" {elklhcgnkv" wcbb g`cd {el `f{|`b rlv|b{" {el dlf{`r qrnk|flk jrnh {el nfl`d$

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[LU[ ?3

[`l zLr`lfcD`H``V`pD`* G`|à* f`V`|rS`\P`Q`L/ #cã]S`` Q`rH`S`` I`|è* cI`[``U`lyH`|Q``G`H`D`% ## ?3 ##

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VSDNDSHV

{l‛`bb {el klhcgnkv= z`crnf`dch‛|d{n O`bcrëi`" {el vnd nj Zcrnf`d`=ëvãd`h‛vc{{cdg knwd= g|q{`h‛wlbb qrn{lf{lk= f`‛`dk=`v|r`(sò{e`(q`có‛os {el fnhh`dklrv nj {el `v|r`v= çrcsë‛os nq|bldfl=

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?7:

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[el klhcgnkv `qqrn`felk O`bc Hèërëi`" {el vnd nj Zcrnf`d`" `dk v`{ knwddl`r ech$ O`bc Hèërëi` w`v qrn{lf{lk os {el fnhh`dklrv nj {el klhndv `dkw`v hnv{ nq|bld{" e`zcdg fndp|lrlk `bb {el |dczlrvlv$

[LU[ 61

HèlDkX/ í-2`S`` z`f` V``D[zcS`[z` Hè`H`c[`/ #@4S`4``y[` [`[`% V`z cU`c-`[`* Q`|ìy`l{`H` [`% ## 61 ##

hèldkr`ó çb`mðí`së zëfëvëd{z`sc{zë hèë(h`{cóòesòeëð`{` {`{ v`rz`á

çcmðc{`á q|r|ðn{{`hë{

VSDNDSHV

hèë(cdkr`ó‛{el Mcdg nj el`zld" Cdkr`= çb`mðí`së‛zlrs hcbk= zëfë‛oswnrkv= vëd{z`sc{zë‛qbl`vcdg O`bc Hèërëi` zlrs h|fe= hèë(h`{có‛{el hnv{cd{lbbcgld{ qlrvnd= òesòeëð`{`‛`kkrlvvlk= {`{‛{e`{= v`rz`h‛lzlrs{ecdg=çcmðc{`h‛{e`{ w`v bl`rdlk= q|r|ð`(|{{`hë{‛jrnh Bnrk Zcðí|$

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[LU[ 60




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VSDNDSHV

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Q\_QN_[

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?75

wlrl Ecv klzn{llv" welrl`v {el klhndv kck dn{ f`rl òn|{ Bnrk Zcðí|$ @bbnzlr {el |dczlrvl {elrl `rl {wn q`r{clv‛{el Zcðí| q`r{s" nr Gnk(fndvfcn|vq`r{s" `dk {el gnkblvv q`r{s$ [el gnkblvv q`r{s cv dlzlr e`qqs nr zcf{nrcn|v" o|{{el Gnk(fndvfcn|v q`r{s cv `bw`sv e`qqs `dk zcf{nrcn|v$

[LU[ 6?

[`[` l klz`V |r`/ m)([z` V *czk* m)([`V` Lûk`/ #nÝH`* Q`rH`* f§|(rH`)[``P`l_ Q`rD[`Q` ## 6? ##

{`{n klzëv|rëó mì{zëv`ázck`á mì{`(v`|eìkëó|ks`h`á q`r`h`á f`mr|r

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VSDNDSHV

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v`ázck s|kkel qr`{ciîësëhëfërl dëhdc {nð`íl

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[LU[ 66

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ç`m{ëó‛zlrs v{rndg= q`rcge`(oëe`z`ó‛e`zcdg bndg" v{rndg `rhv$

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?50

f\2 _S``H``V` Hè[`` 4``rl2` m(D`m(`fb./ ## 6< ##

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VSDNDSHV

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[LU[ 6:

[``*V[`P`` 4`G`dH`D`V``l 4`G`doè\ìm(DK`r`D`% #czi`S` 4`G`z *V[`x` o4 \z G`ìAÞI`/ ## 6: ##

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lz`á m`çs`q`(d`dk`dëóh`h`d{e|ó q`r`h`á s`{{ë

`hì{ër{e`á q`sn(dckech

VSDNDSHV

mì{`‛`ki|v{cdg= v{eëd`(zcoeëgëó‛{el kczcvcnd nj {el qb`flv {els wlrl {n enbk={l‛{els= lz`h‛cd {ecv w`s= m`çs`q`(d`dk`dëó‛{el vndv nj M`çs`q` %on{e{el klhcgnkv `dk {el klhndv#= h`h`d{e|ó‛fe|rdlk= q`r`h`h‛wc{e grl`{=s`{{ëó‛ldkl`znr= `hì{`(`r{e`h‛jnr gl{{cdg dlf{`r= q`s`ó(dckech‛{elnfl`d nj hcbm$

[_@DVB@[CND

@j{lr {e|v `ki|v{cdg enw {el vd`ml w`v {n ol elbk" {el vndv nj M`çs`q`" on{eklhcgnkv `dk klhndv" olg`d {elcr `f{czc{clv" klvcrcdg {n gl{ dlf{`r os fe|rdcdg{el nfl`d nj hcbm$

[LU[ :

H`PS`H``D`l^2`_zl V``l^ckXrD``K``r`l óQ``l^czU`[`% #cK`XS`H``2``l^cQ` ocb.c4`G``şrz`[`% Q``2A|D`DkD` ## : ##

h`{es`hëdl 'rí`zl vn 'krcr`dëkeërn es `qn 'zcç`{kercs`hëín 'qc o`bcoecr




?3;

g`|r`zë{ qëíÿ|(d`dk`d`

VSDNDSHV

h`{es`hëdl‛wecbl {el fe|rdcdg w`v gncdg nd= `rí`zl‛cd {el nfl`d nj hcbm=v`ó‛{e`{= `krcó‛ecbb= `dëkeër`ó‛wc{en|{ olcdg v|qqnr{lk os `ds{ecdg=ec‛cdkllk= `q`ó‛cd {el w`{lr= `zcç`{‛krnwdlk= kercs`hëí`ó‛f`q{|rlk=`qc‛`b{en|ge= o`bcoecó‛os {el qnwlrj|b klhcgnkv `dk klhndv=g`|r`zë{‛jrnh olcdg zlrs el`zs= qëíÿ|(d`dk`d`‛N vnd nj Qëíÿ|%H`eërëi` Q`rãmðc{#$

[_@DVB@[CND

N vnd nj {el Qëíÿ| ksd`v{s" weld H`dk`r` Hn|d{`cd w`v {e|v olcdg |vlk`v ` fe|rdcdg rnk cd {el nfl`d nj hcbm" c{ e`k dn v|qqnr{" `dk {elrljnrl`b{en|ge elbk os {el v{rndg e`dkv nj {el klhcgnkv `dk klhndv" c{ v`dm cd{n {elw`{lr$

[LU[ 7

[`l V`|cD`cz_22`H`D`V`/ Q`cræ`D`H`|,cã]S`/ #@`V`D`% VzQ``Lìyl D`èl kLzlD``c[`ob.CS`V`` ## 7 ##

{l v|dcrzcíí`(h`d`v`ó q`rchbëd`(h|me`(çrcs`ó

ëv`d vz`(q`|r|ðl d`ðúlk`czldë{co`bãs`vë

VSDNDSHV

{l‛`bb nj {elh %{el klhcgnkv `dk klhndv#= v|dcrzcíí`(h`d`v`ó‛{elcr hcdkvolcdg zlrs kcv`qqncd{lk= q`rchbëd`‛krclk |q= h|me`(çrcs`ó‛{el ol`|{s nj




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{elcr j`flv= ëv`d‛olf`hl= vz`(q`|r|ðl‛wc{e {elcr nwd qrnwlvv= d`ðúl‛olcdgbnv{= k`czld`‛os ` qrnzckld{c`b `rr`dglhld{= `{c(o`bãs`vë‛wecfe cv `bw`svv{rndglr {e`d `ds{ecdg lbvl$

[_@DVB@[CND

Olf`|vl {el hn|d{`cd e`k olld v|dm os {el v{rldg{e nj qrnzckldfl" {elklhcgnkv `dk klhndv wlrl kcv`qqncd{lk" `dk {elcr j`flv vllhlk {n verczlb$

[LU[ 5

czb. lMS` czg dlU`czcK * [`klâr lk|rD[`zpS` l_ cz[`P``c4`V`cDK`/ #

m)([z` zQ |/ m(FTQ`H`k%4 |[ * Hè[ %Q`]czUS` [``lS`* cG`crH`|Ïe`r ## 5 ##

zcbnms` zcgedlç`(zckecá {`klçz`rnk|r`d{`(zãrsn 'zc{`{eëoecv`dkecó

mì{zë z`q|ó m`ffe`q`h `koe|{`á hè`{ qr`zcçs` {ns`á gcrch |iièër`

VSDNDSHV

zcbnms`‛novlrzcdg= zcged`‛{el nov{r|f{cnd %{el vcdmcdg nj {el hn|d{`cd#=ãç`(zckech‛os {el qrnzckld{c`b `rr`dglhld{= {`kë‛{eld= ãçz`r`ó‛{elV|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k= k|r`d{`(zãrs`ó‛cdfndflczòbs qnwlrj|b=`zc{`{e`‛cdj`bbcobl= òecv`dkecó‛wenvl kl{lrhcd`{cnd= mì{zë‛luq`dkcdg=

z`q|ó‛onks= m`ffe`q`h‛{nr{ncvl= `koe|{`h‛wndklrj|b= hè`{‛zlrsgrl`{= qr`zcçs`‛ld{lrcdg= {ns`h‛{el w`{lr= gcrch‛{el hn|d{`cd %H`dk`r`#=|iièër`‛bcj{lk$




?3:

[_@DVB@[CND

Vllcdg {el vc{|`{cnd {e`{ e`k olld frl`{lk os {el wcbb nj {el V|qrlhl" {el|dbchc{lkbs qnwlrj|b Bnrk" wenvl kl{lrhcd`{cnd cv cdj`bbcobl" {nnm {elwndklrj|b ve`ql nj ` {nr{ncvl" ld{lrlk {el w`{lr" `dk bcj{lk {el grl`{ H`dk`r`Hn|d{`cd$

Q\_QN_[

Elrl cv lzckldfl {e`{ {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k cv {el v|qrlhlfnd{rnbblr nj lzlrs{ecdg$ @v wl e`zl qrlzcn|vbs klvfrcolk" {elrl `rl {wn fb`vvlv

nj hld‛{el klhndv `dk {el klhcgnkv‛o|{ dlc{elr nj {elh `rl v|qrlhlbsqnwlrj|b$ Lzlrsndl e`v luqlrcldflk {e`{ ecdkr`dflv `rl chqnvlk |qnd |v os{el v|qrlhl qnwlr$ [el klhndv rlg`rk {elvl ecdkr`dflv `v hlrl `ffckld{v nrfe`dfl" o|{ klzn{llv `fflq{ {elh {n ol `f{v nj {el v|qrlhl r|blr$ Weld j`flkwc{e ecdkr`dflv" {elrljnrl" klzn{llv qr`s {n {el Bnrk$ [`{ {l 'd|m`hqëáv|v`hãmð`hëín oe|îiëd` lzë{h`(mì{`á zcqëm`h ]VO 01$0;$5X$ Klzn{llv ldk|rlecdkr`dflv" `fflq{cdg {elh {n ol f`|vlk os {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k `dk rlg`rkcdg {elh `v oldlkcf{cndv$ Klhndv" enwlzlr" olcdg |d`obl

{n |dklrv{`dk {el v|qrlhl fnd{rnbblr" rlg`rk v|fe ecdkr`dflv `v `ffckld{`b$Elrl" nj fn|rvl" {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k w`v qrlvld{ qlrvnd`bbs$ C{w`v os Ecv wcbb {e`{ {elrl wlrl ecdkr`dflv" `dk os Ecv wcbb {envl ecdkr`dflvwlrl rlhnzlk$ [el Bnrk `qql`rlk `v ` {nr{ncvl {n v|qqnr{ {el grl`{ hn|d{`cd$Mðc{cr ce` zcq|b`{`rl {`z` {cðúe`{c qìðúel$ [el Bnrk elbk {el grl`{ hn|d{`cd ndEcv o`fm$ Mlç`z` keì{`(mòrh`(ç`rãr` i`s` i`g`kãç` e`rl$ K`dglrv f`d ol frl`{lkos {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" `dk {els f`d `bvn ol rlhnzlk os Ech$[ecv cv mdnwd {n klzn{llv" o|{ klhndv f`ddn{ |dklrv{`dk c{$

[LU[ 3

[`H |c[P`[ * zp-S` m|(b.`fb*. Q |D`/




?37

V`H`|Ý[`` cD`H`_cP`[`|* V`|r`V`|r`/ #kK``r Q`)îlD` V` b.-`S``lI`D`’

Q`]V[``cr2` ÒpQ` wz`Q`r`l Hè`D`% ## 3 ##{`h |{{ec{`á zãmðs` m|bëf`b`á q|d`ó

v`h|ks`{ë dcrh`{ec{|á v|rëv|rëók`keër` qìðúeld` v` b`mð`(sni`d`( qr`v{ërcíë kzãq` czëq`rn hèëd

VSDNDSHV

{`h‛{e`{ hn|d{`cd= |{{ec{`h‛bcj{lk= zãmðs`‛novlrzcdg= m|bëf`b`h‛mdnwd`v H`dk`r`= q|d`ó‛`g`cd= v`h|ks`{ëó‛ldbczldlk= dcrh`{ec{|h‛{n fe|rd{el nfl`d nj hcbm= v|r`(`v|rëó‛{el klhcgnkv `dk {el klhndv=k`keër`‛f`rrclk= qìðúeld`‛os {el o`fm= v`ó‛{el V|qrlhl Bnrk=b`mð`(sni`d`‛ndl e|dkrlk {en|v`dk sni`d`v %lcge{ e|dkrlk {en|v`dk hcblv#=

qr`v{ërcíë‛lu{ldkcdg= kzãq`ó‛` ocg cvb`dk= cz`‛bcml= `q`r`ó‛`dn{elr=hèëd‛zlrs ocg$

[_@DVB@[CND

Weld {el klhcgnkv `dk klhndv v`w {e`{ H`dk`r` Hn|d{`cd e`k olldbcj{lk" {els wlrl ldbczldlk `dk ldfn|r`glk {n olgcd fe|rdcdg `g`cd$ [elhn|d{`cd rlv{lk nd {el o`fm nj {el grl`{ {nr{ncvl" wecfe lu{ldklk jnr lcge{e|dkrlk {en|v`dk hcblv bcml ` b`rgl cvb`dk$

[LU[ 01

V`|r`V`|rlDkXL4`|_I`zpS`_zlcQ`[`*Q`cr4`XH`D[`* cG`crH`%r# Q`)î[`/ #




?35

co4 X[ % [`k`z[ _D`H``ckm(FTQ` lH`lD`l^%r#m(2A\S`D`H`Q`]H`lS`/ ## 01 ##

v|rëv|rldkr`cr oe|i`(zãrs`(zlqc{`á q`rcoer`h`d{`á gcrch `âg` qìðúe`{`ó

ocoer`{ {`k(ëz`r{`d`h ëkc(m`ffe`qnhldl 'âg`(m`íÿòs`d`h `qr`hls`ó

VSDNDSHV

v|r`(`v|r`(cdkr`có‛os {el bl`klrv nj {el klhndv `dk {el klhcgnkv=

oe|i`(zãrs`‛os {el v{rldg{e nj {elcr `rhv= zlqc{`h‛hnzcdg= q`rcoer`h`d{`h‛rn{`{cdg= gcrch‛{el hn|d{`cd= `âg`‛N H`eërëi` Q`rãmðc{= qìðúe`{`ó‛nd Ecv o`fm= ocoer`{‛onrl= {`{‛nj {e`{= ëz`r{`d`h‛{el rn{`{cdg=ëkc(m`ffe`q`ó‛`v {el v|qrlhl nrcgcd`b {nr{ncvl= hldl‛fndvcklrlk=`âg`(m`íÿòs`d`h‛`v qbl`vcdg vfr`{fecdg nj {el onks= `qr`hls`ó‛|dbchc{lk$

[_@DVB@[CND

N Mcdg" weld {el klhcgnkv `dk klhndv" os {el v{rldg{e nj {elcr `rhv"rn{`{lk H`dk`r` Hn|d{`cd nd {el o`fm nj {el lu{r`nrkcd`rs {nr{ncvl" {el{nr{ncvl `fflq{lk {el rnbbcdg nj {el hn|d{`cd `v ` hl`dv nj vfr`{fecdg Ecv onks"`dk {e|v El jlb{ ` qbl`vcdg vldv`{cnd$

Q\_QN_[

[el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k cv `bw`sv {el |dbchc{lk$ @b{en|ge {elV|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" cd Ecv onks `v ` {nr{ncvl" elbk nd Ecv o`fm

{el b`rglv{ nj hn|d{`cdv" H`dk`r`(q`rz`{`" El kck dn{ jllb `dscdfndzldcldfl$ Nd {el fnd{r`rs" El `qq`rld{bs jlb{ vnhl c{fecdg" `dk {e|v {elrn{`{cnd nj {el hn|d{`cd w`v flr{`cdbs zlrs qbl`vcdg$




611

wen wlrl cd {el hnkl nj q`vvcnd" `dk {el vd`ml Zëv|mc" wen w`v cd {el hnklnj cgdnr`dfl$ Vcdfl {els wlrl `bb olfnhcdg {crlk %Zëv|mc vn h|fe vn {e`{ elw`v `bhnv{ gncdg {n kcl#" Bnrk Zcðí|" {n ldfn|r`gl {elh {n fnd{cd|l {el wnrmnj fe|rdcdg {el nfl`d" ld{lrlk cd{n {elh `ffnrkcdg {n {elcr rlvqlf{czl hnklvnj d`{|rl‛gnnkdlvv" q`vvcnd `dk cgdnr`dfl$

[LU[ 0?

nQ`S _G lDkX* cG`crr`cAz`DS`@`§(HS` eV[ lD` Vèöoè|/ #

[`VP``L ckcz oXõ4`zlDkXH |9S`L’rc4`è|zcÓ/ V`|H`D``l^c4`z)è/ ## 0? ##

|q`rs `gldkr`á gcrc(rëÿ czëds`ëmr`hs` e`v{ld` vè`vr`(oëe|ó

{`v{e`| kczc orèh`(oe`zldkr`(h|mes`cròecðú|z`koecó v|h`dn('oeczìðú`ó

VSDNDSHV

|q`rc‛nd {el {nq nj= `gldkr`h‛{el ocg hn|d{`cd= gcrc(rëú‛{el mcdg nj hn|d{`cdv= cz`‛bcml= `ds`ó‛`dn{elr= ëmr`hs`‛f`{fecdg= e`v{ld`‛os ndle`dk= vè`vr`(oëe|ó‛luecoc{cdg {en|v`dkv nj e`dkv= {`v{e`|‛vc{|`{lk=kczc‛cd {el vms= orèh`‛Bnrk Orèhë= oe`z`‛Bnrk Çcz`= cdkr`‛{el Mcdgnj el`zld= h|mes`có‛el`klk os= òecðú|z`koecó‛njjlrlk qr`slrv {n {el Bnrk=v|h`d`ó‛os jbnwlrv= òeczìðú`ó‛olcdg venwlrlk$

[_@DVB@[CND

H`dcjlv{cdg Echvlbj wc{e {en|v`dkv nj e`dkv" {el Bnrk {eld `qql`rlk nd{el v|hhc{ nj H`dk`r` Hn|d{`cd" bcml `dn{elr grl`{ hn|d{`cd" `dk elbk




610

H`dk`r` Hn|d{`cd wc{e ndl e`dk$ Cd {el |qqlr qb`dl{`rs vsv{lhv" BnrkOrèhë `dk Bnrk Çcz`" `bndg wc{e Cdkr`" Mcdg nj el`zld" `dk n{elr klhcgnkv"njjlrlk qr`slrv {n {el Bnrk `dk venwlrlk jbnwlrv |qnd Ech$

Q\_QN_[

[n o`b`dfl H`dk`r` Hn|d{`cd wecbl c{ w`v olcdg q|bblk jrnh on{e vcklv"{el Bnrk Echvlbj `qql`rlk nd c{v v|hhc{ bcml `dn{elr grl`{ hn|d{`cd$ BnrkOrèhë" Bnrk Çcz` `dk Mcdg Cdkr` {eld luq`dklk {elhvlbzlv `dk venwlrlkjbnwlrv nd {el Bnrk$

[LU[ 06

nQ`S`_K`é`[H`cD` G``lx`D`lx`S``l/Q`rl2` [`l Q`]`czU`[`` V`H`lcK`[``/ #H`H`DP`|rcOK`* [`rV`` H`k`l[m(+8`

Hè`ckX2`` -``lc4`[`D`§(f§(H`% ## 06 ##

|q`rs `ke`ç fë{h`dc gn{r`(dl{r`snó q`rlí` {l qrëzcç`{ë v`hlkec{ëóh`h`d{e|r òkecá {`r`vë h`kn{m`úë

hèëkrcíë mðnoec{`(d`mr`(f`mr`h

VSDNDSHV

|q`rc‛|qw`rk= `ke`ó f`‛`dk knwdw`rk= ë{h`dc‛|d{n {el klhndv `dkklhcgnkv= gn{r`(dl{r`snó‛|d{n {el hn|d{`cd `dk Zëv|mc" wen w`v |vlk `v `

rnql= q`rlí`‛{el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k= {l‛{els= qrëzcç`{ë‛ld{lrcdg {elh= v`hlkec{ëó‛v|jjcfcld{bs `gc{`{lk=h`h`d{e|ó‛fe|rdlk= òkech‛{el nfl`d nj hcbm= {`r`vë‛wc{e grl`{v{rldg{e= h`k`(|{m`úëó‛olcdg h`k= hèë(`krcíë‛wc{e {el grl`{ H`dk`r`




61;

zës`z`ó‛orllylv$

[_@DVB@[CNDOlf`|vl {el klhcgnkv wlrl `bvn `jjlf{lk os {el ob`ycdg orl`{e nj Zëv|mc"

{elcr onkcbs b|v{lrv kchcdcvelk" `dk {elcr g`rhld{v" g`rb`dkv" wl`qndv `dk j`flvwlrl ob`fmldlk os vhnml$ Enwlzlr" os {el gr`fl nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s njGnkel`k" fbn|kv `qql`rlk nd {el vl`" qn|rcdg {nrrld{v nj r`cd" `dk orllylv oblw"f`rrscdg q`r{cfblv nj w`{lr jrnh {el vl` w`zlv" {n gczl {el klhcgnkv rlbclj$

[LU[ 0:H`PS`H``D``[`% [`P`` cV`DK``lkl_z`V`|rzêP`Q`L/ #

S`k` V`|K`` D` I``S`l[` cD`H`_H`DP``cI`[`/ VzS`H`% ## 0: ##

h`{es`hëdë{ {`{eë vcdkenrklzëv|r`(z`rò{e`(q`cós`kë v|keë d` iësl{`

dcrh`h`d{eëic{`ó vz`s`h

VSDNDSHV

h`{es`hëdë{‛v|jjcfcld{bs olcdg fe|rdlk= {`{eë‛cd {ecv w`s= vcdkenó‛jrnh{el nfl`d nj hcbm= klz`‛nj {el klhcgnkv= `v|r`‛`dk {el klhndv=z`rò{e`(q`có‛os {el olv{= s`kë‛weld= v|keë‛dlf{`r= d` iësl{`‛kck dn{fnhl n|{= dcrh`h`d{e`‛fe|rdlk= `ic{`ó‛{el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" @ic{`= vz`s`h‛qlrvnd`bbs$

[_@DVB@[CND

Weld dlf{`r kck dn{ fnhl jrnh {el nfl`d nj hcbm" klvqc{l vn h|fe ldkl`znr




61<

os {el olv{ nj {el klhcgnkv `dk klhndv" {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k"@ic{`" qlrvnd`bbs olg`d {n fe|rd {el nfl`d$

[LU[ 07

H lgÙS``H`/ m(D`m(Q`crcK`/ m(2 _czÝ l[`czÝ|’DH \cKD _ 4 X I`cÒb|.cb.[`m(f/ öGK`r l r¯(D lx`/ #

I`Lx`Lk`l_c4`_I`_G`k4`S`kLk_Dkã\m*( G`)ep[z`H`PD`D`% H`PD`` Q`]c[`cG`crcrzÙ``l4`[``P``l K`)[``ckX/ ## 07 ##

hlge`(çsëh`ó m`d`m`(q`rckecó m`rí`(zcksn{`(zcks|dhòrkedc oerëi`k(zcb|bc{`(m`f`ó vr`g(ke`rn r`m{`(dl{r`ó i`c{r`cr knroecr i`g`k(òe`s`(k`cr k`dk`çòm`á gìeã{zë

h`{ed`d h`{edë qr`{cgcrcr czëçnoe`{ë{en keì{ëkrcó

VSDNDSHV

hlge`(çsëh`ó‛ob`fmcve bcml ` fbn|k= m`d`m`(q`rckecó‛wl`rcdg slbbnwg`rhld{v= m`rí`‛nd {el l`rv= zcksn{`(zcks|{‛wenvl l`rrcdgv vendl bcmlbcge{dcdg= hòrkedc‛nd {el el`k= oerëi`{‛gbl`hcdg= zcb|bc{`‛kcvelzlblk=m`f`ó‛wenvl e`cr= vr`m(ke`r`ó‛wl`rcdg ` jbnwlr g`rb`dk=r`m{`(dl{r`ó‛wc{e rlk lslv= i`c{r`có‛wc{e zcf{nrcn|v= knroecó‛wc{e `rhv=

i`g`{‛{n {el |dczlrvl= òe`s`(k`có‛wecfe gczl jl`rblvvdlvv=k`dk`çòm`h‛{el vd`ml %Zëv|mc#= gìeã{zë‛`j{lr {`mcdg= h`{ed`d‛fe|rdcdg=h`{edë‛os {el fe|rdcdg rnk %H`dk`r` Hn|d{`cd#= qr`{cgcrcó‛`dn{elrhn|d{`cd= cz`‛bcml= `çnoe`{`‛El `qql`rlk= `{en‛{eld=keì{`(`krcó‛e`zcdg {`mld {el hn|d{`cd$

[_@DVB@[CND

[el Bnrk `qql`rlk bcml ` ob`fmcve fbn|k$ El w`v krlvvlk wc{e slbbnw




61:

g`rhld{v" Ecv l`rrcdgv vendl nd Ecv l`rv bcml bcge{dcdg" `dk Ecv e`cr vqrl`knzlr Ecv ven|bklrv$ El wnrl ` g`rb`dk nj jbnwlrv" `dk Ecv lslv wlrl qcdmcve$Wc{e Ecv v{rndg" gbnrcn|v `rhv" wecfe `w`rk jl`rblvvdlvv {ern|gen|{ {el|dczlrvl" El {nnm enbk nj Zëv|mc `dk olg`d fe|rdcdg {el nfl`d" |vcdg H`dk`r`Hn|d{`cd `v ` fe|rdcdg rnk$ Weld ldg`glk cd {ecv w`s" {el Bnrk `qql`rlk bcml` ol`|{cj|bbs vc{|`{lk hn|d{`cd d`hlk Cdkr`dãb`$

[LU[ 05

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617

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[el jcve" ve`rmv" {nr{ncvlv `dk vd`mlv wlrl hnv{ `gc{`{lk `dk qlr{|rolk$ [elld{crl nfl`d olf`hl {|ro|bld{" `dk lzld {el b`rgl `p|`{cf `dch`bv bcml we`blv"w`{lr lblqe`d{v" frnfnkcblv `dk {chcâgcb` jcve ]b`rgl we`blv {e`{ f`d vw`bbnwvh`bb we`blvX f`hl {n {el v|rj`fl$ Wecbl {el nfl`d w`v olcdg fe|rdlk cd {ecvw`s" c{ jcrv{ qrnk|flk ` jclrflbs k`dglrn|v qncvnd f`bblk eëbè`b`$

[LU[ 03

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oeã{ëó qrìë k|kr|z|r `âg` vlçz`rë`r`mðs`hëíëó ç`r`í`á v`këçcz`h

VSDNDSHV

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k|kr|z|ó‛hnzlk elrl `dk {elrl= `âg`‛N Hèërëi` Q`rãmðc{=v`(ãçz`rëó‛wc{e {el V|qrlhl Bnrk= `r`mðs`hëíëó‛dn{ olcdg qrn{lf{lk=ç`r`í`h‛velb{lr= v`këçcz`h‛|d{n {el bn{|v jll{ nj Bnrk Çcz`$




601

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çrã(qrìëq`{`s`ó òf|ó‛{el qrìëq`{cv v`ck= klz`(klz`‛N Bnrk Hèëklz`" olv{nj {el klhcgnkv= hèë(klz`‛N grl`{ klhcgnk= oeò{`(ë{h`d‛N bcjl `dk vn|bnj lzlrsndl cd {ecv wnrbk= oeò{`(oeëz`d`‛N {el f`|vl nj {el e`qqcdlvv `dkjbn|rcvecdg nj `bb nj {elh= {rëec‛klbczlr= d`ó‛|v= ç`r`í`(ëq`ddëd‛wen e`zl{`mld velb{lr `{ sn|r bn{|v jll{= {r`cbnms`‛nj {el {erll wnrbkv=kè`dë{‛wecfe cv f`|vcdg {el o|rdcdg= zcðë{‛jrnh {ecv qncvnd$

[_@DVB@[CND

[el qrìëq`{cv v`ck9 N grl`{lv{ nj `bb klhcgnkv" Hèëklz`" V|qlrvn|b nj `bbbczcdg ld{c{clv `dk f`|vl nj {elcr e`qqcdlvv `dk qrnvqlrc{s" wl e`zl fnhl {n {elvelb{lr nj sn|r bn{|v jll{$ Dnw qbl`vl v`zl |v jrnh {ecv jclrs qncvnd" wecfe cvvqrl`kcdg `bb nzlr {el {erll wnrbkv$

Q\_QN_[

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60?

%è`á oãi`(qr`k`ó qc{ë#" {ecv rljlrv {n `f{cndv qlrjnrhlk os Bnrk Zcðí| {ern|geBnrk Çcz`$ Bnrk Zcðí| cv `bw`sv |d`{{`felk {n h`{lrc`b `f{czc{clv" `dk weldh`{lrc`b `f{czc{clv `rl {n ol qlrjnrhlk" Bnrk Zcðí| qlrjnrhv {elh {ern|geBnrk Çcz`$ Bnrk Çcz` cv {elrljnrl wnrvecqlk nd {el blzlb nj Bnrk Zcðí|$ WeldBnrk Zcðí| cv |d{n|felk os {el lu{lrd`b ldlrgs El cv Bnrk Zcðí|" o|{ weldEl cv cd {n|fe wc{e {el lu{lrd`b ldlrgs" El `qql`rv cd Ecv jl`{|rl `v BnrkÇcz`$

[LU[ ?6

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[_@DVB@[CND

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60<

[_@DVB@[CND

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VSDNDSHV

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60:

[_@DVB@[CND

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[LU[ ?7

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607

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[LU[ ?5

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m|mðcó v`h|krë gcr`sn 'v{ec(v`âgeërnhëíc v`rz`|ð`kec(zãr|ke`v {l

fe`dkëávc vëmðë{ {`z` v`q{` keë{`z`v{r`sã(h`së{h`d eìk`s`á v`rz`(ke`rh`ó

VSDNDSHV

m|mðcó‛`oknhld= v`h|krëó‛{el nfl`dv= gcr`s`ó‛{el hn|d{`cdv=`v{ec‛ondlv= v`âgeëó‛fnhocd`{cnd= rnhëíc‛{el e`crv nj {el onks=v`rz`‛`bb= `|ð`kec‛kr|gv= zãr|ke`ó‛qb`d{v `dk frllqlrv= {l‛sn|r=fe`dkëávc‛Zlkcf h`d{r`v= vëmðë{‛kcrlf{bs= {`z`‛sn|r= v`q{`‛vlzld=

keë{`z`ó‛b`slrv nj {el onks= {r`sã(h`s`(ë{h`d‛N {erll Zlk`v qlrvndcjclk=eìk`s`h‛fnrl nj {el el`r{= v`rz`(ke`rh`ó‛`bb mcdkv nj rlbcgcnd$




605

[_@DVB@[CND

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VSDNDSHV

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603

N bnrk" {el jczl chqnr{`d{ Zlkcf h`d{r`v `rl rlqrlvld{lk os sn|r jczl j`flv"jrnh wecfe {el {ecr{s(lcge{ hnv{ flblor`{lk Zlkcf h`d{r`v e`zl olldgldlr`{lk$ Sn|r Bnrkvecq" olcdg flblor`{lk `v Bnrk Çcz`" cv vlbj(cbb|hcd`{lk$Sn| `rl kcrlf{bs vc{|`{lk `v {el v|qrlhl {r|{e" mdnwd `v Q`r`hë{hë$

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[LU[ 61

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feësë {z `ke`rhnrhcð| s`cr zcv`rgndl{r`({r`s`á v`{{z`(rì`v({`hëávc

vëâmesë{h`d`ó çëv{r`(mì{`v {`zlmðëfe`dknh`sn klz` ìðcó q|rëí`ó




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VSDNDSHV

feësë‛ve`knw= {|‛o|{= `ke`rh`(òrhcð|‛cd {el w`zlv nj crrlbcgcnd" bcmlmëh`" mrnke`" bnoe` `dk hne`= s`có‛os wecfe= zcv`rg`ó‛vn h`ds z`rcl{clv nj frl`{cnd= dl{r`({r`s`h‛{erll lslv= v`{{z`‛gnnkdlvv= rì`ó‛q`vvcnd={`hëávc‛`dk k`rmdlvv= vëâmes`(ë{h`d`ó‛{el nrcgcd nj `bb Zlkcf bc{lr`{|rlv=çëv{r`‛vfrcq{|rlv= mì{`ó‛h`kl= {`z`‛os sn|= ãmðë‛vchqbs os gb`dfcdg=fe`dk`ó(h`s`ó‛j|bb nj Zlkcf zlrvlv= klz`‛N bnrk= ìðcó‛`bb Zlkcfbc{lr`{|rlv= q|rëí`ó‛`dk {el q|rëí`v" {el v|qqblhld{`rs Zlk`v$

[_@DVB@[CND

N bnrk" sn|r ve`knw cv vlld cd crrlbcgcnd" wecfe orcdgv òn|{ z`rcl{clv njcrrlbcgcn|v frl`{cndv$ [el {erll hnklv nj d`{|rl‛gnnkdlvv" q`vvcnd `dkcgdnr`dfl‛`rl sn|r {erll lslv$ @bb {el Zlkcf bc{lr`{|rlv" wecfe `rl j|bb njzlrvlv" `rl lh`d`{cndv jrnh sn| olf`|vl {elcr fnhqcblrv wrn{l {el z`rcn|vvfrcq{|rlv `j{lr rlflczcdg sn|r gb`dfl$

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[LU[ 67

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[LU[ 65

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[LU[ 63

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5$ [el Fe|rdcdg nj {el Hcbm Nfl`d

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6;0

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{ëh `gdc(en{rãh ìð`sn i`gìe|r orèh`(zëkcd`ó

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N Mcdg Q`rãmðc{" grl`{ v`glv wen wlrl fnhqbl{lbs `w`rl nj {el Zlkcf




6;6

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dldkr` ãçz`r`(çcmð`së

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6;7

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{`{`ó‛{elrl`j{lr= f`‛`dk= ëzcròeò{‛h`dcjlv{lk= vëmðë{‛kcrlf{bs= çrã‛{elgnkklvv nj jnr{|dl= r`hë‛mdnwd `v _`hë= oe`g`z`{(q`rë‛òvnb|{lbscdfbcdlk {n ol qnvvlvvlk os {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k=r`îi`s`d{ã‛cbb|hcd`{cdg= kcç`ó‛`bb kcrlf{cndv= mëd{së‛os b|v{lr=

zcks|{‛bcge{dcdg= v`|këh`dã‛V`|këh`dã= s`{eë‛`v$

[_@DVB@[CND

[eld {elrl `qql`rlk {el gnkklvv nj jnr{|dl" _`hë" wen cv òvnb|{lbsklkcf`{lk {n olcdg ldinslk os {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$ Vel`qql`rlk bcml lblf{rcfc{s" v|rq`vvcdg {el bcge{dcdg {e`{ hcge{ cbb|hcd`{l ` h`roblhn|d{`cd$

Q\_QN_[

Çrã hl`dv nq|bldfl$ Mìðí` cv {el nwdlr nj `bb nq|bldflv$




6;3

oenm{ër`á sìî`({`q`vëáv`rz`(bnm`(hèlçz`r`h

v|eìk`á v`rz`(oeò{ëdëá iîë{zë hëá çëd{ch ìffe`{c

[ecv ql`fl jnrh|b` jnr {el wnrbk cv gczld cd Oe`g`z`k(gã{ë %<$?3#$ Weldqlnqbl mdnw {e`{ {el V|qrlhl Bnrk" Mìðí`" cv {el v|qrlhl ldinslr" {elv|qrlhl qrnqrcl{nr `dk {el hnv{ cd{ch`{l wlbb(wcvecdg jrcldk nj `bb bczcdgld{c{clv" ql`fl `dk qrnvqlrc{s wcbb ldv|l `bb nzlr {el wnrbk$ \djnr{|d`{lbs" {elfndkc{cndlk vn|bv" olcdg qb`flk cd{n cbb|vcnd os {el lu{lrd`b ldlrgs nj {elBnrk" w`d{ {n jcge{ wc{e ndl `dn{elr" `dk {elrljnrl ql`fl cv kcv{|rolk$ [eljcrv{ qrlrlp|cvc{l jnr ql`fl cv {e`{ `bb {el wl`b{e qrlvld{lk os Çrã" {el gnkklvvnj jnr{|dl" ol njjlrlk {n {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$ Lzlrsndlven|bk gczl |q ecv j`bvl qrnqrcl{nrvecq nzlr wnrbkbs qnvvlvvcndv `dk njjlrlzlrs{ecdg {n Mìðí`$ [ecv cv {el {l`fecdg nj {el Mìðí` fndvfcn|vdlvvhnzlhld{$

[LU[ 3

[`VS``* f§|(/ VQ`)e`* V`zl_ V`V`|r`V`|rH``D`z`/ #êQ``Lk`S`_zS` lz2`_H`ceH``c-`àfl[`V`/ ## 3 ##

{`vsëá f`mr|ó vqìeëá v`rzlv`v|rëv|r`(hëd`zëó

ròq`|kërs`(z`sn(z`rí`(hèchëmðcq{`(fl{`v`ó

VSDNDSHV

{`vsëh‛|d{n elr= f`mr|ó‛kck= vqìeëh‛klvcrl= v`rzl‛lzlrsndl=v`(v|r`(`v|r`(hëd`zëó‛{el klhcgnkv" {el klhndv `dk {el e|h`d olcdgv=




6<1

ròq`(`|kërs`‛os {el lup|cvc{l ol`|{s `dk onkcbs jl`{|rlv= z`s`ó‛sn|{e=z`rí`‛fnhqblucnd= hèchë‛gbnrclv= ëmðcq{`‛`gc{`{lk= fl{`v`ó‛{elcrhcdkv$

[_@DVB@[CND

Olf`|vl nj elr lup|cvc{l ol`|{s" elr onkcbs jl`{|rlv" elr sn|{e" elrfnhqblucnd `dk elr gbnrclv" lzlrsndl" cdfb|kcdg {el klhcgnkv" {el klhndv `dk{el e|h`d olcdgv" klvcrlk elr$ [els wlrl `{{r`f{lk olf`|vl vel cv {el vn|rfl nj`bb nq|bldflv$

Q\_QN_[

Wen cd {ecv wnrbk knlv dn{ w`d{ {n qnvvlvv wl`b{e" ol`|{s `dk {el vnfc`brlvqlf{òcbc{s {e`{ fnhl jrnh {elvl nq|bldflv> Qlnqbl gldlr`bbs klvcrl h`{lrc`bldinshld{" h`{lrc`b nq|bldfl `dk {el `vvnfc`{cnd nj `rcv{nfr`{cf j`hcbshlholrv %oeng`cçz`rs`(qr`v`m{ëdëh ]Og$ ?$;;X#$ H`{lrc`b ldinshld{ ld{`cbvhndls" ol`|{s `dk {el rlq|{`{cnd {els orcdg" wecfe f`d `bb ol `feclzlk os {elhlrfs nj {el gnkklvv nj jnr{|dl$ [el gnkklvv nj jnr{|dl" enwlzlr" dlzlr

rlh`cdv `bndl$ @v cdkcf`{lk cd {el qrlzcn|v zlrvl os {el wnrk oe`g`z`{(q`rë"vel cv {el qrnqlr{s nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k `dk cv ldinsòblndbs os Ech$ Cj ndl w`d{v {el j`znr nj {el gnkklvv nj jnr{|dl" hn{elr B`mðhã"olf`|vl vel cv os d`{|rl oe`g`z`{(q`rë ndl h|v{ mllq elr wc{e Dërës`í`$ [elklzn{llv wen `bw`sv ldg`gl cd {el vlrzcfl nj Dërës`í` %dërës`í`(q`rës`í`#f`d l`vcbs `feclzl {el j`znr nj {el gnkklvv nj jnr{|dl wc{en|{ ` kn|o{" o|{h`{lrc`bcv{v wen {rs {n gl{ {el j`znr nj {el gnkklvv nj jnr{|dl ndbs {n qnvvlvvelr jnr qlrvnd`b ldinshld{ `rl jr|v{r`{lk$ [elcrv cv dn{ ` gnnk qnbcfs$ [elflblor`{lk klhnd _ëz`í`" jnr lu`hqbl" w`d{lk {n klqrczl _ëh`f`dkr` nj B`mðhã" Vã{ë" `dk {e|v ol zcf{nrcn|v" o|{ {el rlv|b{ w`v i|v{ {el nqqnvc{l$ Vã{ë"nj fn|rvl" w`v {`mld os jnrfl os Bnrk _ëh`f`dkr`" `dk _ëz`í` `dk ecv ld{crlh`{lrc`b lhqcrl wlrl z`dp|cvelk$ [el gnkklvv nj jnr{|dl cv klvcròbl jnrlzlrsndl" cdfb|kcdg e|h`d olcdgv" o|{ ndl ven|bk |dklrv{`dk {e`{ {el gnkklvv




6<0

nj jnr{|dl cv {el lufb|vczl qrnqlr{s nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$Ndl f`ddn{ `feclzl {el hlrfs nj {el gnkklvv nj jnr{|dl |dblvv ndl qr`sv on{e{n elr `dk {n {el v|qrlhl ldinslr" {el Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$

[LU[ 01

[`VS`` @`V`D`H``cD`DS`l HèlDkX`l Hèkk%4`|[`H`% #H \c[ _H`[S`/ V`crFTRlî` elH`m|(H4 LI _b*. ã|cf ## 01 ##

{`vsë ëv`d`h ëdcdsl

hèldkrn hè`k(`koe|{`hhòr{ch`{s`ó v`rcf(ferlðúeëelh`(m|hoe`cr i`b`á ç|fc

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{`vsëó‛jnr elr= ëv`d`h‛` vc{{cdg qb`fl= ëdcdsl‛orn|ge{= hèë(cdkr`ó‛{elMcdg nj el`zld" Cdkr`= hè`{‛gbnrcn|v= `koe|{`h‛wndklrj|b=hòr{c(h`{s`ó‛`fflq{cdg jnrhv= v`rc{(çrlðúeëó‛{el olv{ nj z`rcn|v v`frlk

w`{lrv= elh`‛gnbkld= m|hoe`có‛wc{e w`{lrqn{v= i`b`h‛w`{lr= ç|fc‛q|rl$

[_@DVB@[CND

[el Mcdg nj el`zld" Cdkr`" orn|ge{ ` v|c{òbl vc{{cdg qb`fl jnr {el gnkklvv njjnr{|dl$ @bb {el rczlrv nj v`frlk w`{lr" v|fe `v {el G`dglv `dk S`h|dë"qlrvndcjclk {elhvlbzlv" `dk l`fe nj {elh orn|ge{ q|rl w`{lr cd gnbkldw`{lrqn{v jnr hn{elr B`mðhã" {el gnkklvv nj jnr{|dl$

[LU[ 00

@`c4`ylfcD`m(` 4 \cH`rèr[ % V`m(b. LyK`p/ #




6<?

G``z/ Q`Ë Q`czx``c2` zV`D[``l H`K`|H``K`z L ## 00 ##

ëoecðlf`dcmë oeòhcrëe`r`{ v`m`b`|ð`keãógëz`ó q`îf` q`zc{rëíc

z`v`d{n h`ke|(hëke`z`|

VSDNDSHV

ëoecðlf`dcmëó‛q`r`qelrd`bc` rlp|crlk jnr cdv{`bbcdg {el Klc{s= oeòhcó‛{elb`dk= ëe`r`{‛fnbblf{lk= v`m`b`‛`bb mcdkv nj= `|ð`keãó‛kr|gv `dk elrov=

gëz`ó‛{el fnwv= q`îf`‛jczl kcjjlrld{ z`rcl{clv nj qrnk|f{v jrnh {el fnw"d`hlbs hcbm" sng|r{" fb`rcjclk o|{{lr" fnw k|dg `dk fnw |rcdl= q`zc{rëíc‛|dfnd{`hcd`{lk= z`v`d{`ó‛qlrvndcjclk vqrcdg{chl=h`ke|(hëke`z`|‛jbnwlrv `dk jr|c{v qrnk|flk k|rcdg vqrcdg" nr cd {elhnd{ev nj F`c{r` `dk Z`cçëme`$

[_@DVB@[CND

[el b`dk olf`hl ` qlrvnd `dk fnbblf{lk `bb {el kr|gv `dk elrov dllklk jnrcdv{`bbcdg {el Klc{s$ [el fnwv klbczlrlk jczl qrnk|f{v" d`hlbs hcbm" sng|r{"gell" |rcdl `dk fnw k|dg" `dk vqrcdg qlrvndcjclk fnbblf{lk lzlrs{ecdg qrnk|flkcd vqrcdg" k|rcdg {el hnd{ev nj F`c{r` `dk Z`cçëme` ]@qrcb `dk H`sX$

Q\_QN_[

Q`îf`(g`zs`" {el jczl qrnk|f{v rlflczlk jrnh {el fnw" d`hlbs hcbm" sng|r{"gell" fnw k|dg `dk fnw |rcdl" `rl rlp|crlk cd `bb rc{|`bcv{cf flrlhndclv

qlrjnrhlk `ffnrkcdg {n {el Zlkcf kcrlf{cndv$ Fnw |rcdl `dk fnw k|dg `rl|dfnd{`hcd`{lk" `dk vcdfl lzld {el |rcdl `dk k|dg nj ` fnw `rl chqnr{`d{"wl f`d i|v{ ch`gcdl enw chqnr{`d{ {ecv `dch`b cv jnr e|h`d fczcbcy`{cnd$[elrljnrl {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" Mìðí`" kcrlf{bs `kznf`{lv




6<6

gn(r`mðs`" {el qrn{lf{cnd nj fnwv$ Fczcbcylk hld wen jnbbnw {el vsv{lh nj z`ríëçr`h`" lvqlfc`bbs {envl nj {el z`cçs` fb`vv" wen ldg`gl cd `grcf|b{|rl `dk{r`kl" h|v{ gczl qrn{lf{cnd {n {el fnwv$ \djnr{|d`{lbs" olf`|vl qlnqbl cdM`bc(s|g` `rl h`dkëó" `bb o`k" `dk v|h`dk`(h`{`s`ó" hcvblk os j`bvlfndflq{cndv nj bcjl" {els `rl mcbbcdg fnwv cd {el {en|v`dkv$ [elrljnrl {els `rl|djnr{|d`{l cd vqcrc{|`b fndvfcn|vdlvv" `dk d`{|rl kcv{|rov {elh cd vn h`dsw`sv" lvqlfc`bbs {ern|ge cdf|ròbl kcvl`vlv bcml f`dflr `dk {ern|ge jrlp|ld{w`rv `dk `hndg d`{cndv$ @v bndg `v e|h`d vnfcl{s fnd{cd|lv {n `bbnw fnwv {nol rlg|b`rbs mcbblk cd vb`|ge{lren|vlv" {elrl f`ddn{ ol `ds p|lv{cnd nj ql`fl`dk qrnvqlrc{s$

[LU[ 0?

‱yS`/ m(BQ`S` * f§|(r`c4`ylm*( S`P``czcK` #I`G`|4`_kX`c2` G`DK`z`_ D`+sé D`D`)[`|I`_G`|/ ## 0? ##

ìð`s`ó m`bq`sëá f`mr|rëoecðlm`á s`{eë(zckec

i`g|r oe`krëíc g`dke`rzëd`ús`ç f` d`dì{|r i`g|ó

VSDNDSHV

ìð`s`ó‛{el grl`{ v`glv= m`bq`sëh f`mr|ó‛lulf|{lk= ëoecðlm`h‛{el òecðlm`flrlhnds" wecfe cv rlp|crlk k|rcdg {el cdv{`bb`{cnd nj {el Klc{s=s`{eë(zckec‛`v kcrlf{lk cd {el `|{enrcylk vfrcq{|rlv= i`g|ó‛fe`d{lk Zlkcfh`d{r`v= oe`krëíc‛`bb gnnk jnr{|dl= g`dke`rzëó‛`dk {el cdeòc{`d{v nj

G`dke`rz`bnm`= d`ús`ó‛{el wnhld wen wlrl qrnjlvvcnd`b k`dflrv= f`‛`bvn=d`dì{|ó‛zlrs dcflbs k`dflk nd {el nff`vcnd= i`g|ó‛`dk v`dg `|{enrcylkvndgv qrlvfrcolk cd {el Zlk`v$




6<;

[_@DVB@[CND

[el grl`{ v`glv qlrjnrhlk {el o`{ecdg flrlhnds nj {el gnkklvv nj jnr{|dl `vkcrlf{lk cd {el `|{enrcylk vfrcq{|rlv" {el G`dke`rz`v fe`d{lk `bb(`|vqcfcn|vZlkcf h`d{r`v" `dk {el qrnjlvvcnd`b wnhld k`dflrv zlrs dcflbs k`dflk `dkv`dg `|{enrcylk vndgv qrlvfrcolk cd {el Zlk`v$

[LU[ 06

H`lg`` H`)k%r#Q`2`zH`|rI``D`m(G` lH`|,`D`% #

ZS`D``kS`D`% U`zl2`|zp2``V[`|H`|b.cD`/VzD``D`% ## 06 ##

hlgeë hìk`âg`(q`í`z`(h|rìëd`m`(gnh|meëd

zs`dëk`s`d ç`âme`(zlí|(zãíëv {|h|b`(dcóvz`dëd

VSDNDSHV

hlgeëó‛qlrvndcjclk fbn|kv= hìk`âg`‛kr|hv= q`í`z`‛ml{{blkr|hv=h|rì`‛`dn{elr mcdk nj kr|h= ëd`m`‛`dn{elr {sql nj kr|h= gnh|meëd‛`{sql nj o|gbl= zs`dëk`s`d‛zcor`{lk= ç`âme`‛fndfevelbbv= zlí|‛jb|{lv=zãíëó‛v{rcdglk cdv{r|hld{v= {|h|b`‛{|h|b{|n|v= dcóvz`dëd‛zcor`{cnd$

[_@DVB@[CND

[el fbn|kv cd qlrvndcjclk jnrh ol`{ z`rcn|v {sqlv nj kr|hv" mdnwd `vhìk`âg`v" q`í`z`v" h|rì`v `dk ëd`m`v$ [els `bvn oblw fndfevelbbv `dk o|gblvmdnwd `v gnh|me`v `dk qb`slk jb|{lv `dk v{rcdglk cdv{r|hld{v$ [el fnhocdlkvn|dk nj {elvl cdv{r|hld{v w`v {|h|b{|n|v$




6<<

[LU[ 0;

[`[` l c4`cycyf|kl_zp* cã]S * Q`Ùm(r * V`[`pH % #ckcG`4``/ Q \2 _m(b.U L/ V \ (z`MS LcÒ_I lcr[ L/ ## 0; ##

{`{n 'oecðcðcf|r klzãáçrcs`á q`kh`(m`rëá v`{ãh

kcgcoeëó qòrí`(m`b`ç`cóvòm{`(zëms`cr kzcilrc{`có

VSDNDSHV

{`{`ó‛{elrl`j{lr= `oecðcðcf|ó‛qn|rlk `bb(`|vqcfcn|v w`{lr nd {el onks=klzãh‛{el gnkklvv nj jnr{|dl= çrcs`h‛zlrs ol`|{cj|b= q`kh`(m`rëh‛wc{e `bn{|v cd elr e`dk= v`{ãh‛vel wen cv hnv{ fe`v{l" dn{ mdnwcdg `dsndl o|{ {elV|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k= kcgcoeëó‛{el grl`{ lblqe`d{v=

qòrí`(m`b`ç`có‛os fnhqbl{lbs j|bb w`{lr i|gv= vòm{`(zëms`có‛wc{e Zlkcfh`d{r`v= kzc(i`‛os orëeh`í`v= ãrc{`có‛fe`d{lk$

[_@DVB@[CND

[elrl`j{lr" {el grl`{ lblqe`d{v jrnh `bb {el kcrlf{cndv f`rrclk ocg w`{lr i|gvj|bb nj G`dglv w`{lr `dk o`{elk {el gnkklvv nj jnr{|dl" {n {el `ffnhq`dchld{nj Zlkcf h`d{r`v fe`d{lk os bl`rdlk orëeh`í`v$ Wecbl {e|v olcdg o`{elk" {elgnkklvv nj jnr{|dl h`cd{`cdlk elr nrcgcd`b v{sbl" wc{e ` bn{|v jbnwlr cd elre`dk" `dk vel `qql`rlk zlrs ol`|{cj|b$ [el gnkklvv nj jnr{|dl cv {el hnv{fe`v{l" jnr vel knlv dn{ mdnw `dsndl o|{ {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$

Q\_QN_[

[el gnkklvv nj jnr{|dl" B`mðhã" cv klvfrcolk cd {ecv zlrvl `v çrcs`h" wecfehl`dv {e`{ vel e`v vcu nq|bldflv‛wl`b{e" v{rldg{e" cdjb|ldfl" ol`|{s"




6<:

mdnwblkgl `dk rld|dfc`{cnd$ [elvl nq|bldflv `rl rlflczlk jrnh {el gnkklvv nj jnr{|dl$ B`mðhã cv `kkrlvvlk elrl `v klzã" {el gnkklvv" olf`|vl cd Z`cm|íúe`vel v|qqbclv `bb nq|bldflv {n {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k `dk Ecvklzn{llv" wen cd {ecv w`s ldins d`{|r`b bcjl cd {el Z`cm|íúe` qb`dl{v$ [elV|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k cv qbl`vlk wc{e Ecv fndvnr{" {el gnkklvv nj jnr{|dl" wen f`rrclv ` bn{|v jbnwlr cd elr e`dk$ Hn{elr B`mðhã cv klvfrcolk cd{ecv zlrvl `v v`{ã" {el v|qrlhlbs fe`v{l" olf`|vl vel dlzlr kczlr{v elr `{{ld{cndjrnh {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k {n `dsndl lbvl$

[LU[ 0<

V`H`|kX/ Q`p[`m(`LU`lS`z`V`V`p V`H`|Q`èr[`% #zì2`/ öI`* zLI`S`D[`p* H`K`|D`` H`{`y+%Q`k`H`% ## 0< ##

v`h|kr`ó qã{`(m`|çls`(zëv`vã v`h|qëe`r`{

z`r|í`ó vrì`á z`ci`s`d{ãáh`ke|dë h`{{`(ð`úq`këh

VSDNDSHV

v`h|kr`ó‛{el nfl`d= qã{`(m`|çls`‛slbbnw vcbm= zëv`vã‛on{e {el |qqlr `dkbnwlr qnr{cndv nj ` g`rhld{= v`h|qëe`r`{‛qrlvld{lk= z`r|í`ó‛{elqrlknhcd`{cdg klc{s nj {el w`{lr= vrì`h‛g`rb`dk= z`ci`s`d{ãh‛{el hnv{klfnr`{lk `dk {el ocgglv{= h`ke|dë‛wc{e endls= h`{{`‛kr|dmld=ð`ú(q`këh‛o|hoblollv" wecfe e`zl vcu blgv$

[_@DVB@[CND

[el nfl`d" wecfe cv {el vn|rfl nj `bb z`b|òbl ilwlbv" v|qqbclk {el |qqlr `dkbnwlr qnr{cndv nj ` slbbnw vcbmld g`rhld{$ [el qrlknhcd`{cdg klc{s nj {el




6<7

w`{lr" Z`r|í`" qrlvld{lk jbnwlr g`rb`dkv v|rrn|dklk os vcu(blgglk o|hoblollv"kr|dmld wc{e endls$

Q\_QN_[

Weld o`{ecdg {el Klc{s cd {el òecðlm` flrlhnds wc{e z`rcn|v bcp|ckv"v|fe `v hcbm" endls" sng|r{" gell" fnw k|dg `dk fnw |rcdl" c{ cv f|v{nh`rs {nv|qqbs slbbnw g`rhld{v$ Cd {ecv w`s {el òecðlm` flrlhnds jnr {el gnkklvv nj jnr{|dl w`v qlrjnrhlk `ffnrkcdg {n {el rlg|b`r Zlkcf qrcdfcqblv$

[LU[ 0:

4 \y2``cD` czcfx``c2` czâm(H` _ Q ]I``Q`c[`/ #e`r* V`rVz[`p Q`ÙHÌ` l D``G``é m|(2Abl. ## 0: ##

oeòð`íëdc zcfc{rëíczcçz`m`rhë qrìëq`{có

eër`á v`r`vz`{ã q`kh`hìn dëgëç f` m|íÿ`bl

VSDNDSHV

oeòð`íëdc‛z`rcl{clv nj nrd`hld{v= zcfc{rëíc‛`bb zlrs dcflbs klfnr`{lk=zcçz`m`rhë qrìëq`{có‛Zcçz`m`rhë" ndl nj {el qrìëq`{cv" {el vndv nj BnrkOrèhë wen gldlr`{l qrnglds= eër`h‛g`rb`dk nr dlfmb`fl= v`r`vz`{ã‛{elgnkklvv nj lk|f`{cnd= q`kh`h‛` bn{|v jbnwlr= ì`ó‛Bnrk Orèhë= dëgëóf`‛{el cdeòc{`d{v nj Dëg`bnm`= m|íÿ`bl‛{wn l`rrcdgv$

[_@DVB@[CND

Zcçz`m`rhë" ndl nj {el qrìëq`{cv" v|qqbclk z`rcl{clv nj klfnr`{lk nrd`hld{v$[el gnkklvv nj bl`rdcdg" V`r`vz`{ã" v|qqbclk ` dlfmb`fl" Bnrk Orèhë v|qqbclk `




6<5

bn{|v jbnwlr" `dk {el cdeòc{`d{v nj Dëg`bnm` v|qqbclk l`rrcdgv$

[LU[ 07

[`[`/ m)([`VzV[S`S`D` l[Q`b.öI *D`kk%cÒrlj( * Q`crG`)ó Q``c2`D`` #ff`b. z¦*( V |m(Q` lb.m|(2Ab*.

V`zXpAe`V`* kK`[`p V`|U``l4`D`H`% ## 07 ##

{`{`ó mì{`(vz`v{s`s`dn{q`b`(vrì`á

d`k`k(kzcrlqeëá q`rcgìes` qëícdëf`fëb` z`m{r`á v|m`qnb`(m|íÿ`b`áv`zrãÿ`(eëv`á k`ke`{ã v|çnoe`d`h

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{`{`ó‛{elrl`j{lr= mì{`(vz`v{s`s`dë‛olcdg wnrvecqlk rlg|b`rbs os`bb(`|vqcfcn|v rc{|`bcv{cf flrlhndclv= |{q`b`(vrì`h‛` g`rb`dk nj bn{|vlv=d`k`{‛e|hhcdg= kzcrlqeëh‛v|rrn|dklk os o|hoblollv=

q`rcgìes`‛f`q{|rcdg= qëícdë‛os {el e`dk= f`fëb`‛wld{ nd= z`m{r`h‛j`fl=v|(m`qnb`(m|íÿ`b`h‛elr fellmv klfnr`{lk wc{e l`rrcdgv=v`(zrãÿ`(eëv`h‛vhcbcdg wc{e vesdlvv= k`ke`{ã‛luq`dkcdg=v|(çnoe`d`h‛elr d`{|r`b ol`|{s$

[_@DVB@[CND

[elrl`j{lr" hn{elr B`mðhã" {el gnkklvv nj jnr{|dl" e`zcdg olld qrnqlrbs

flblor`{lk wc{e `d `|vqcfcn|v rc{|`bcv{cf flrlhnds" olg`d hnzcdg òn|{" enbkcdgcd elr e`dk ` g`rb`dk nj bn{|v jbnwlrv" wecfe wlrl v|rrn|dklk os e|hhcdgo|hoblollv$ Vhcbcdg wc{e vesdlvv" elr fellmv klfnr`{lk os elr l`rrcdgv" velbnnmlk lu{rlhlbs ol`|{cj|b$




6<3

Q\_QN_[

[el gnkklvv nj jnr{|dl" hn{elr B`mðhãiã" `fflq{lk {el nfl`d nj hcbm `v elrj`{elr" o|{ vel qlrql{|`bbs rlv{v nd {el onvnh nj Dërës`í`$ Vel njjlrvoldlkcf{cndv lzld {n Bnrk Orèhë `dk n{elr bczcdg ld{c{clv cd {ecv h`{lrc`bwnrbk" sl{ vel cv {r`dvfldkld{`b {n `bb h`{lrc`b p|`bc{clv$ @b{en|ge vel`qql`rlk {n e`zl olld onrd nj {el nfl`d nj hcbm" vel chhlkc`{lbs rlvnr{lk {nelr l{lrd`b qb`fl nd {el onvnh nj Dërës`í`$

[LU[ 05

V[`D`ÒS * f`c[`m)(U` lkrp V`H *cD`rD[`r* fDkD`m|(u%m|(H` lc-`[`H % #[`[`V[`[``l D`\Q`|rzBG`|cU`cÌ[`L’

cz_V`Q`_[`p elH`b.[`lz V`` o4``L ## 05 ##

v{`d`(kz`s`á fë{cmìçnk`rã v`h`ádcr`d{`r`á f`dk`d`(m|âm|hnmðc{`h

{`{`v {`{n dòq|r`(z`bg| çcîic{`crzcv`rq`{ã elh`(b`{lz` vë oòe`|

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v{`d`(kz`s`h‛elr {wn orl`v{v= f`‛`bvn= `{c(mìç`(|k`rã‛{el hckkbl qnr{cndnj elr onks olcdg zlrs {ecd= v`h`h‛lp|`bbs= dcr`d{`r`h‛fndv{`d{bs=f`dk`d`(m|âm|h`‛wc{e v`dk`bwnnk q|bq `dk m|âm|h`" ` rlkkcve qnwklr=

|mðc{`h‛vhl`rlk= {`{`ó {`{`ó‛elrl `dk {elrl= dòq|r`‛nj `dmbl olbbv=z`bg|‛zlrs ol`|{cj|b= çcîic{`có‛wc{e {el bcge{ rlvn|dkcdg= zcv`rq`{ã‛w`bmcdg=elh`(b`{ë‛` gnbkld frllqlr= cz`‛lu`f{bs bcml= vë‛{el gnkklvv nj jnr{|dl=oòe`|‛`qql`rlk$




6:1

[_@DVB@[CND

Elr {wn orl`v{v" wecfe wlrl vshhl{rcf`b `dk dcflbs vc{|`{lk" wlrl fnzlrlkwc{e v`dk`bwnnk q|bq `dk m|âm|h` qnwklr" `dk elr w`cv{ w`v zlrs {ecd$ @vvel w`bmlk elrl `dk {elrl" elr `dmbl olbbv icdgbcdg vnj{bs" vel `qql`rlk bcml `frllqlr nj gnbk$

[LU[ 03

czb. lm(S`D[`p cD`rzÝH``[H`D`/

Q`k* K`X|z* f`ZS`c4`f`crV`k%G`|2`H`% #G`DK`z_cV`Ú`V`|rS`-`f`r2`’

x LcQ`èQ lS``cky| D``DzczDk[` ## 03 ##

zcbnm`s`d{ã dcr`z`ks`h ë{h`d`ó q`k`á ker|z`á fëzsòecfërc(v`k(g|í`h

g`dke`rz`(vckkeëv|r`(s`mð`(fër`í`({r`cqcðú`qlsëkcð| dëdz`zcdk`{`

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zcbnm`s`d{ã‛novlrzcdg" lu`hcdcdg= dcr`z`ks`h‛wc{en|{ `ds j`|b{=ë{h`d`ó‛jnr elrvlbj= q`k`h‛qnvc{cnd= ker|z`h‛l{lrd`b= f`‛`bvn=`zsòecfërc(v`{(g|í`h‛wc{en|{ `ds fe`dgl nj p|`bc{clv= g`dke`rz`‛`hndg{el cdeòc{`d{v nj G`dke`rz`bnm`= vckke`‛{el cdeòc{`d{v nj Vckke`bnm`=`v|r`‛{el klhndv= s`mð`‛{el S`mð`v= fër`í`‛{el cdeòc{`d{v nj

Fër`í`bnm`= {r`cqcðú`qls`(ëkcð|‛`dk `hndg {el klhcgnkv= d`‛dn{=`dz`zcdk`{`‛fn|bk `fflq{ `ds ndl nj {elh$




6:0

[_@DVB@[CND

Wecbl w`bmcdg `hndg {el G`dke`rz`v" S`mð`v" `v|r`v" Vckke`v" Fër`í`v `dkkldcyldv nj el`zld" B`mðhãklzã" {el gnkklvv nj jnr{|dl" w`v vfr|{cdcycdgbslu`hcdcdg {elh" o|{ vel fn|bk dn{ jcdk `dsndl d`{|r`bbs ldknwlk wc{e `bb gnnkp|`bc{clv$ Dndl nj {elh w`v klznck nj j`|b{v" `dk {elrljnrl vel fn|bk dn{ {`mlvelb{lr nj `ds nj {elh$

Q\_QN_[

[el gnkklvv nj jnr{|dl" B`mðhãklzã" e`zcdg olld gldlr`{lk jrnh {el nfl`d

nj hcbm" w`v {el k`|ge{lr nj {el nfl`d$ [e|v vel w`v `bbnwlk {n vlblf{ elr nwde|vo`dk cd ` vz`s`áz`r` flrlhnds$ Vel lu`hcdlk lzlrs ndl nj {elf`dkck`{lv" o|{ vel fn|bk dn{ jcdk `dsndl v|c{òbs p|`bcjclk {n ol elr velb{lr$Cd n{elr wnrkv" Dërës`í`" {el d`{|r`b e|vo`dk nj B`mðhã" f`ddn{ olv|qlrvlklk os `dsndl cd {ecv h`{lrc`b wnrbk$

[LU[ ?1

D`\D`* [`Q``l S`VS` D` H`DS`|cDÌ`_S``li`D * Mzcf[ % [`Á D` V %r#zcI _[`H % #m(céDHè *V[`VS` D` m(`H`cDÌ _S`/

V` w_âr/ cm*( Q`r[``lZS`Q``ã]S`/ ## ?1 ##

dòd`á {`qn s`vs` d` h`ds|(dcri`sn iîëd`á mz`fc{ {`f f` d` v`âg`(z`ric{`h

m`çfcd hèëáv {`vs` d` mëh`(dcri`s`óv` ãçz`r`ó mcá q`r`{n zs`qëçr`s`ó

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6:?

dòd`h‛flr{`cdbs= {`q`ó‛`|v{lrc{s= s`vs`‛nj vnhlndl= d`‛dn{=h`ds|‛`dglr= dcri`s`ó‛fndp|lrlk= iîëd`h‛mdnwblkgl= mz`fc{‛cd vnhlv`cd{bs qlrvnd= {`{‛{e`{= f`‛`bvn= d`‛dn{= v`âg`(z`ric{`h‛wc{en|{ {elfnd{`hcd`{cnd nj `vvnfc`{cnd= m`çfc{‛vnhlndl= h`eëd‛` zlrs grl`{ lu`b{lkqlrvnd= {`vs`‛ecv= d`‛dn{= mëh`‛h`{lrc`b klvcrlv= dcri`s`ó‛fndp|lrlk=v`ó‛v|fe ` qlrvnd= ãçz`r`ó‛fnd{rnbblr= mch‛enw f`d el ol= q`r`{`ó‛nj n{elrv= zs`qëçr`s`ó‛|dklr {el fnd{rnb$

[_@DVB@[CND

[el gnkklvv nj jnr{|dl" lu`hcdcdg {el `vvlhobs" {en|ge{ cd {ecv w`s9

Vnhlndl wen e`v |dklrgndl grl`{ `|v{lrc{s e`v dn{ sl{ fndp|lrlk `dglr$Vnhlndl qnvvlvvlv mdnwblkgl" o|{ el e`v dn{ fndp|lrlk h`{lrc`b klvcrlv$Vnhlndl cv ` zlrs grl`{ qlrvnd`bc{s" o|{ el f`ddn{ fndp|lr b|v{s klvcrlv$ Lzld `grl`{ qlrvnd`bc{s klqldkv nd vnhl{ecdg lbvl$ Enw" {eld" f`d el ol {el v|qrlhlfnd{rnbblr>

Q\_QN_[

Elrl cv `d `{{lhq{ {n jcdk {el v|qrlhl fnd{rnbblr" nr ãçz`r`$ Lzlrsndl h`sol `fflq{lk `v `d ãçz`r`" nr fnd{rnbblr" o|{ v{cbb v|fe fnd{rnbblrv `rl fnd{rnbblkos n{elrv$ Jnr lu`hqbl" ndl h`s e`zl |dklrgndl vlzlrl `|v{lrc{clv o|{ v{cbb ol|dklr {el fnd{rnb nj `dglr$ Os ` vfr|{cdcycdg `d`bsvcv" wl jcdk {e`{ lzlrsndl cvfnd{rnbblk os vnhl{ecdg lbvl$ Dn ndl" {elrljnrl" f`d ol {el {r|l fnd{rnbblr o|{{el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" Mìðí`$ [ecv cv v|qqnr{lk os {el çëv{r`v$Ãçz`r`ó q`r`h`ó mìðí`ó9 ]Ov$ <$0X {el v|qrlhl fnd{rnbblr cv Mìðí`$ Mìðí` cvdlzlr fnd{rnbblk os `dsndl" jnr El cv {el fnd{rnbblr nj lzlrsndl%v`rz`(mër`í`(mër`í`h#$

[LU[ ?0




6:6

K`H _/ Mzcf[ % [`x` D` 4 \[`V` Lûk*[S``G`/ Mzcf[ % [`x` D` H |c¯(m(`r2`H % #

zpS` D` Q`|*V``l^V[SÌ`zlG`cD`Ym)([`*D` ce cÒ[`pS``l G`|2`V`%r#zcI`_[`/ ## ?0 ##

ke`rh`ó mz`fc{ {`{r` d` oeò{`(v`|eìk`á{sëg`ó mz`fc{ {`{r` d` h|m{c(mër`í`h

zãrs`á d` q|ávn 'v{s ì`(zlg`(dcðmì{`ád` ec kzc{ãsn g|í`(v`âg`(z`ric{`ó

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ke`rh`ó‛rlbcgcnd= mz`fc{‛ndl h`s e`zl j|bb mdnwblkgl nj= {`{r`‛{elrlcd=d`‛dn{= oeò{`(v`|eìk`h‛jrcldkvecq wc{e n{elr bczcdg ld{c{clv={sëg`ó‛rld|dfc`{cnd= mz`fc{‛ndl h`s qnvvlvv= {`{r`‛{elrlcd= d`‛dn{=h|m{c(mër`í`h‛{el f`|vl nj bcolr`{cnd= zãrs`h‛qnwlr= d`‛dn{=

q|áv`ó‛nj `ds qlrvnd= `v{c‛{elrl h`s ol= ì`(zlg`(dcðmì{`h‛dn rlbl`vljrnh {el qnwlr nj {chl= d`‛dnr= ec‛cdkllk= kzc{ãs`ó‛{el vlfndk ndl=g|í`(v`âg`(z`ric{`ó‛fnhqbl{lbs jrllk jrnh {el fnd{`hcd`{cnd nj {el hnklv

nj d`{|rl$

[_@DVB@[CND

Vnhlndl h`s qnvvlvv j|bb mdnwblkgl nj rlbcgcnd o|{ v{cbb dn{ ol mcdk {n `bbbczcdg ld{c{clv$ Cd vnhlndl" wel{elr e|h`d nr klhcgnk" {elrl h`s olrld|dfc`{cnd" o|{ {e`{ cv dn{ {el f`|vl nj bcolr`{cnd$ Vnhlndl h`s qnvvlvv grl`{qnwlr `dk sl{ ol |dòbl {n felfm {el qnwlr nj l{lrd`b {chl$ Vnhlndl lbvl h`s

e`zl rldn|dflk `{{`fehld{ {n {el h`{lrc`b wnrbk" sl{ el f`ddn{ fnhq`rl {n {elV|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$ [elrljnrl" dn ndl cv fnhqbl{lbs jrllk jrnh{el cdjb|ldfl nj {el h`{lrc`b hnklv nj d`{|rl$




6:;

Q\_QN_[

[el v{`{lhld{ ke`rh`ó mz`fc{ {`{r` d` oeò{`(v`|eìk`h cv zlrs chqnr{`d{ cd{ecv zlrvl$ Wl `f{|`bbs vll {e`{ {elrl `rl h`ds Ecdk|v" H|vbchv" Fercv{c`dv"O|kkecv{v `dk rlbcgcndcv{v nj n{elr f|b{v wen `kelrl {n {elcr rlbcgcn|vqrcdfcqblv zlrs dcflbs o|{ `rl dn{ lp|`b {n `bb bczcdg ld{c{clv$ Cdkllk" `b{en|ge{els qrnjlvv {n ol zlrs rlbcgcn|v" {els mcbb qnnr `dch`bv$ V|fe rlbcgcnd e`v dnhl`dcdg$ Çrãh`k(Oeëg`z`{`h %0$?$5# v`sv9

ke`rh`ó vz`d|ðúec{`ó q|ávëázcðz`mvld`(m`{eëv| s`ódn{qëk`slk s`kc r`{cáçr`h` lz` ec mlz`b`h

Ndl h`s ol zlrs luqlr{ cd jnbbnwcdg {el rlbcgcn|v qrcdfcqblv nj ecv nwd vlf{"o|{ cj el e`v dn {ldkldfs {n bnzl {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" ecvnovlrz`dfl nj rlbcgcn|v qrcdfcqblv cv vchqbs ` w`v{l nj {chl$ Ndl h|v{ klzlbnq `vldvl nj bnzcdg Zëv|klz` %zëv|klz`ó v`rz`h c{c v` h`eë{hë v|k|rb`oe`ó ]Og $7$03X#$ [el vcgd nj ` klzn{ll cv {e`{ el cv ` jrcldk {n lzlrsndl %v|eìk`á

v`rz`(oeò{ëdëh ]Og $ <$?3X#$ @ klzn{ll wcbb dlzlr `bbnw ` qnnr `dch`b {n olmcbblk cd {el d`hl nj rlbcgcnd$ [ecv cv {el kcjjlrldfl ol{wlld ` v|qlrjcfc`bbsrlbcgcn|v qlrvnd `dk ` klzn{ll nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$

Wl jcdk {e`{ {elrl e`zl olld h`ds grl`{ elrnlv cd ecv{nrs" o|{ {els fn|bkdn{ lvf`ql jrnh {el fr|lb e`dkv nj kl`{e$ Lzld {el grl`{lv{ elrn f`ddn{lvf`ql jrnh {el r|bcdg qnwlr nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k weldMìðí` fnhlv `v kl`{e$ [e`{ cv klvfrcolk os Mìðí` Echvlbj9 hì{s|ó v`rz`(e`r`ç fëe`h ]Og $ 01$6;X$ [el Bnrk" `qql`rcdg `v kl`{e" {`mlv `w`s ` elrn'v vn(f`bblk

qnwlr$ Lzld Ecr`ís`m`çcq| fn|bk dn{ ol v`zlk weld Dìvcáe`klz` `qql`rlkoljnrl ech `v kl`{e$ Ndl'v h`{lrc`b v{rldg{e cv dn{ecdg oljnrl {el v{rldg{e nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$




6:<

[LU[ ??

MzcfcÁr`S |D _ ce U`pb.H %r#b*.Mzcf[ % [`kQS`cV[` D` zlÝH``S |y/ #S`x``l4`S`* m|(x` f V``l^QS`H`%r#b./

V |H %r#b./ m(é D` m(`¾[ l ce H``H % ## ?? ##

mz`fcf fcrës|r d` ec çãb`(h`âg`b`ámz`fc{ {`k `qs `v{c d` zlks`h ës|ð`ó

s`{rnoe`s`á m|{r` f` vn 'qs `h`âg`b`ó

v|h`âg`b`ó m`çf` d` mëâmð`{l ec hëh

VSDNDSHV

mz`fc{‛vnhlndl= fcr`(ës|ó‛e`v ` bndg k|r`{cnd nj bcjl= d`‛dn{= ec‛cdkllk=çãb`(h`âg`b`h‛gnnk ole`zcnr nr `|vqcfcn|vdlvv= mz`fc{‛vnhlndl= {`{`qc‛`b{en|ge qnvvlvvcdg gnnk ole`zcnr= `v{c‛cv= d`‛dn{= zlks`hës|ð`ó‛`w`rl nj {el k|r`{cnd nj bcjl= s`{r` |oe`s`h‛cj {elrl `rl on{e%ole`zcnr `dk `|vqcfcn|vdlvv#= m|{r`‛vnhlwelrl= f`‛`bvn= v`ó‛{e`{ qlrvnd=

`qc‛`b{en|ge= `h`âg`b`ó‛` bc{{bl cd`|vqcfcn|v cd vnhl n{elr kl{`cb=v|(h`âg`b`ó‛`|vqcfcn|v cd lzlrs rlvqlf{= m`çf`‛vnhlndl= d`‛dn{=mëâmð`{l‛klvcrlv= ec‛cdkllk= hëh‛hl$

[_@DVB@[CND

Vnhlndl h`s e`zl bndglzc{s o|{ dn{ e`zl `|vqcfcn|vdlvv nr gnnk ole`zcnr$Vnhlndl h`s e`zl on{e `|vqcfcn|vdlvv `dk gnnk ole`zcnr" o|{ {el k|r`{cnd nj

ecv bcjl cv dn{ jculk$ @b{en|ge v|fe klhcgnkv `v Bnrk Çcz` e`zl l{lrd`b bcjl" {else`zl cd`|vqcfcn|v e`oc{v bcml bczcdg cd frlh`{nrc|hv$ @dk lzld cj n{elrv `rlwlbb p|`bcjclk cd `bb rlvqlf{v" {els `rl dn{ klzn{llv nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{snj Gnkel`k$




6::

[LU[ ?6

Wz* czH`)US``ZS`c4`f`crV`k%G`|2`L’z_r* cDÌ`Lm(`ã]S`[`S``G`|2``ã]S`H`% #

zzXl zr* V`z_G`|2`LrQ`lc-`[`*rH`` H`|m|(Dk* cD`rQ`l-`H`pcQV`[`H`% ## ?6 ##

lz`á zchìçsëzsòecfërc(v`k(g|í`crz`r`á dci`cmëçr`s`{`sëg|íëçr`s`h

z`zrl z`r`á v`rz`(g|í`cr `qlmðc{`ár`hë h|m|dk`á dcr`qlmð`h ãqvc{`h

VSDNDSHV

lz`h‛cd {ecv w`s= zchìçs`‛`j{lr j|bb klbcolr`{cnd=`zsòecfërc(v`{(g|í`có‛wc{e lu{r`nrkcd`rs {r`dvfldkld{`b p|`bc{clv=z`r`h‛v|qlrcnr= dci`(lm`(ëçr`s`{`së‛olf`|vl nj qnvvlvvcdg `bb gnnk p|`bc{clvwc{en|{ klqldkcdg nd n{elrv= `g|í`(ëçr`s`h‛{el rlvlrzncr nj `bb

{r`dvfldkld{`b p|`bc{clv= z`zrl‛`fflq{lk= z`r`h‛`v ` orcklgrnnh=v`rz`(g|í`có‛wc{e `bb {r`dvfldkld{`b p|`bc{clv= `qlmðc{`h‛p|`bcjclk=r`hë‛{el gnkklvv nj jnr{|dl= h|m|dk`h‛|d{n H|m|dk`=dcr`qlmð`h‛`b{en|ge El kck dn{ w`c{ jnr elr= ãqvc{`h‛{el hnv{ klvcròbl$

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èn‛enw wndklrj|b= ròq`h‛Elr ol`|{s= èn‛enw wndklrj|b= keëh`‛Elronkcbs b|v{lr= èn‛enw wndklrj|b= `vsëó‛nj Elr= d`z`h‛dlw=z`s`ó‛ol`|{cj|b `gl= c{c‛cd {ecv w`s= {l‛{envl klhndv= {ëh‛|d{n {elol`|{cj|b wnh`d= òeckr|{s`‛gncdg oljnrl Elr e`v{cbs= q`qr`ffe|ó‛cdp|crlk

jrnh Elr= ië{`(eì{(ç`sëó‛{elcr el`r{v olcdg jcbblk wc{e b|v{ {n ldins Elr$

[_@DVB@[CND




655

\qnd vllcdg {el ol`|{cj|b wnh`d" {el klhndv v`ck" /@b`v" enw wndklrj|b cvElr ol`|{s" enw wndklrj|b {el b|v{lr nj Elr onks" `dk enw wndklrj|b {elol`|{s nj Elr sn|{ej|b `gl!/ Vql`mcdg cd {ecv w`s" {els p|cfmbs `qqrn`felkElr" j|bb nj b|v{s klvcrlv {n ldins Elr" `dk olg`d {n cdp|crl jrnh Elr cd h`dsw`sv$

[LU[ 6

m(` [z* m(ÌQ`b.`U``c-` m|([` l z` cm*( cfm(Cy_cV` #m(VS``cV` zk z`H``lì H`PD`[`pz H`D``*cV` D`/ ## 6 ##

më {z`á m`îi`(q`bëçëmðcm|{n zë mcá fcmãrð`vcm`vsëvc z`k` zëhnr|

h`{ed`{ãz` h`dëávc d`ó

VSDNDSHV

më‛wen= {z`h‛`rl Sn|= m`îi`(q`bëç`(`mðc‛e`zcdg lslv bcml {el ql{`bv nj `

bn{|v= m|{`ó‛jrnh welrl= zë‛lc{elr= mch fcmãrð`vc‛we`{ cv {el q|rqnvl jnrwecfe Sn| e`zl fnhl elrl= m`vs`‛nj wenh= `vc‛kn Sn| olbndg=z`k`‛mcdkbs {lbb |v= zëh`(òr|‛N Sn| wenvl {ecgev `rl lu{r`nrkcd`rcbsol`|{cj|b= h`{ed`{ã‛`gc{`{cdg= cz`‛bcml= h`dëávc‛wc{ecd n|r hcdkv=d`ó‛n|r$

[_@DVB@[CND

N wndklrj|bbs ol`|{cj|b gcrb" Sn| e`zl v|fe dcfl lslv" rlvlhobcdg {el ql{`bvnj ` bn{|v jbnwlr$ Wen `rl Sn|> Welrl kn Sn| fnhl jrnh> We`{ cv Sn|rq|rqnvl cd fnhcdg elrl" `dk {n wenh kn Sn| olbndg> N Sn| wenvl {ecgev `rllu{r`nrkcd`rcbs ol`|{cj|b" n|r hcdkv `rl olfnhcdg `gc{`{lk vchqbs olf`|vl nj




653

vllcdg Sn|$

Q\_QN_[

[el klhndv cdp|crlk jrnh {el wndklrj|bbs ol`|{cj|b gcrb" /[n wenh kn Sn|olbndg>/ @ wnh`d cv v|qqnvlk {n olbndg {n elr j`{elr oljnrl elr h`rrc`gl" {nelr e|vo`dk `j{lr elr h`rrc`gl" `dk {n elr grnwd vndv cd elr nbk `gl$ Cd rlg`rk{n {ecv cdp|crs" Çrãb` Zcçz`dë{e` F`mr`z`r{ã Úeëm|r` v`sv {e`{ {el p|lv{cnd/[n wenh kn Sn| olbndg>/ hl`dv /Wenvl k`|ge{lr `rl Sn|>/ Vcdfl {elklhndv fn|bk |dklrv{`dk {e`{ {el ol`|{cj|b gcrb w`v v{cbb |dh`rrclk" lzlrs ndlnj {elh klvcrlk {n h`rrs Elr$ [e|v {els cdp|crlk" /Wenvl k`|ge{lr `rl Sn|>/

[LU[ ;

D` zS * [z`H`rLkş[S L/ cV`ÚG`DK`z_f`r2 L/ #D``VQ`)èQ`\z` I``D`pH``l b.`lml(U`Lé m|([``l D`)c4`/ ## ; ##

d` z`s`á {zëh`r`cr k`c{s`cóvckke`(g`dke`rz`(fër`í`có

dëvqìðú`(qòrzëá iëdãhnbnmlç`cç f` m|{n dìoecó

VSDNDSHV

d`‛c{ cv dn{= z`s`h‛wl= {zë‛|d{n Sn|= `h`r`có‛os {el klhcgnkv=k`c{s`có‛os {el klhndv= vckke`‛os {el Vckke`v= g`dke`rz`‛os {elG`dke`rz`v= fër`í`có‛`dk os {el Fër`í`v= d`‛dn{= `vqìðú`(qòrzëh‛dlzlrldinslk nr {n|felk os `dsndl= iëdãh`ó‛mdnw lu`f{bs= bnm`(ãç`có‛os {elz`rcn|v kcrlf{nrv nj {el |dczlrvl= f`‛`bvn= m|{`ó‛we`{ {n vql`m nj=dìoecó‛os e|h`d vnfcl{s$




631

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We`{ {n vql`m nj e|h`d olcdgv" lzld {el klhcgnkv" klhndv" Vckke`v"G`dke`rz`v" Fër`í`v `dk {el z`rcn|v kcrlf{nrv nj {el |dczlrvl" {el Qr`iëq`{cv"e`zl dlzlr {n|felk Sn| oljnrl$ C{ cv dn{ {e`{ wl `rl |d`obl {n |dklrv{`dk Sn|rckld{c{s$

Q\_QN_[

Lzld {el `v|r`v novlrzlk {el l{cp|l{{l {e`{ dn ndl ven|bk `kkrlvv `h`rrclk wnh`d wc{e b|v{$ [el grl`{ `d`bsv{ Fëí`ms` Q`íÿc{` v`sv" hë{ìz`{

q`r`(kërlð|9 ndl ven|bk fndvcklr `dn{elr'v wcjl {n ol ndl'v hn{elr$ [el `v|r`v"{el klhndv" {nnm c{ jnr gr`d{lk {e`{ {el ol`|{cj|b sn|dg wnh`d"Hnecdã(hòr{c" wen e`k `rrczlk oljnrl {elh" w`v flr{`cdbs dn{ h`rrclk$[elrljnrl {els `vv|hlk {e`{ dn ndl cd {el wnrbk" cdfb|kcdg {el klhcgnkv" {elG`dke`rz`v" {el Fër`í`v `dk {el Vckke`v" e`k lzlr {n|felk Elr$ [el klhndvmdlw {e`{ {el sn|dg gcrb w`v |dh`rrclk" `dk {elrljnrl {els k`rlk {n `kkrlvvElr$ [els v|qqnvlk {e`{ {el sn|dg gcrb" Hnecdã(hòr{c" e`k fnhl {elrl {n jcdk` e|vo`dk `hndg `bb {envl qrlvld{ %{el K`c{s`v" {el klhcgnkv" {el G`dke`rz`v

`dk vn nd#$

[LU[ <

D`\D`* [z* czcK`D`` V`|4`X\/ Q`]lcy[``cV` U`rpcr2``H`% #V`zl_cDkXS`H`D`/Q`]pc[`* czK``[`|* V`g`)2`lD` cm(H`% ## < ##

dòd`á {z`á zckecdë v|oeròó qrlðc{ëvc ç`rãrcíëh

v`rzldkrcs`(h`d`ó(qrã{cázckeë{|á v`geìíld` mch




630

VSDNDSHV

dòd`h‛cdkllk= {z`h‛Sn|= zckecdë‛os Qrnzckldfl= v|(oeròó‛N Sn| wc{e{el ol`|{cj|b lslornwv= qrlðc{ë‛vld{= `vc‛flr{`cdbs Sn| `rl vn= ç`rãrcíëh‛nj `bb lhonkclk bczcdg ld{c{clv= v`rz`‛`bb= cdkrcs`‛nj {el vldvlv= h`d`ó‛`dk nj {el hcdk= qrã{ch‛we`{ cv qbl`vcdg= zckeë{|h‛{n `khcdcv{lr= v`(geìíld`‛osSn|r f`|vlblvv hlrfs= mch‛wel{elr$

[_@DVB@[CND

N ol`|{cj|b gcrb wc{e ol`|{cj|b lslornwv" flr{`cdbs Qrnzckldfl" os Ecvf`|vlblvv hlrfs" e`v vld{ Sn| {n qbl`vl {el vldvlv `dk hcdkv nj `bb nj |v$ Cv {ecvdn{ ` j`f{>

[LU[ :

V`` [z* D`/ VQ`K`_H``D``D``H`lm(zV[`|cD` H``cD`cD` #i`[`pD``* oÚzLr`2` * U`* czK`[Vz V`|H`KS`H`l ## : ##

vë {z`á d`ó vq`rke`hëdëdëhlm`(z`v{|dc hëdcdc

iîë{ãdëá o`kke`(z`crëíëáç`á zcke`{vz` v|h`kes`hl

VSDNDSHV

vë‛`v v|fe Sn| `rl= {z`h‛Sn|r gnnk vlbj= d`ó‛nj `bb nj |v klhndv=

vq`rke`hëdëdëh‛nj {envl wen `rl olfnhcdg cdfrl`vcdgbs cdchcf`b=lm`(z`v{|dc‛cd ndl v|oilf{ h`{{lr %{el fnd{`cdlr nj dlf{`r#= hëdcdc‛N Sn|wen `rl hnv{ ol`|{cj|b cd Sn|r qrlv{cgcn|v qnvc{cnd= iîë{ãdëh‛`hndg n|rj`hcbs hlholrv= o`kke`(z`crëíëh‛cdfrl`vcdgbs olfnhcdg ldlhclv=




63?

ç`h‛`|vqcfcn|vdlvv= zcke`{vz`‛h|v{ lulf|{l= v|(h`kes`hl‛N ol`|{cj|b{ecd(w`cv{lk wnh`d$

[_@DVB@[CND

Wl `rl dnw `bb ldg`glk cd ldhc{s `hndg n|rvlbzlv olf`|vl nj {ecv ndlv|oilf{ h`{{lr‛{el fnd{`cdlr nj dlf{`r$ @b{en|ge wl e`zl olld onrd cd {elv`hl j`hcbs" wl `rl olfnhcdg cdfrl`vcdgbs cdchcf`b$ N {ecd(w`cv{lk wnh`d"wen `rl vn ol`|{cj|b cd Sn|r qrlv{cgcn|v qnvc{cnd" wl {elrljnrl rlp|lv{ Sn| {nj`znr |v os vl{{bcdg n|r kcvq|{l$

Q\_QN_[

[el klhndv |dklrv{nnk {e`{ {el ol`|{cj|b wnh`d e`k `{{r`f{lk {el`{{ld{cnd nj {elh `bb$ [elrljnrl {els |d`dchn|vbs rlp|lv{lk Elr {n olfnhl{el `roc{lr {n vl{{bl {elcr kcvq|{l$

[LU[ 7

zS * m(US`Q`k`S``k` 4 X [`r/ m)([`Q` Lìy`/ #cz4Ì`Vz S`P``DS``S`* D`Lz 4`lk`l S`P`` 4`zl[`% ## 7 ##

z`s`á m`çs`q`(kësëkëoerë{`r`ó mì{`(q`|r|ðëózcoeì`vz` s`{eë(dsës`ád`cz` oelkn s`{eë oe`zl{

VSDNDSHVz`s`h‛`bb nj |v= m`çs`q`(kësëkëó‛klvfldk`d{v nj M`çs`q` H|dc=oerë{`r`ó‛wl `rl `bb orn{elrv= mì{`(q`|r|ðëó‛wen `rl `bb òbl `dkfnhql{ld{= zcoeì`vz`‛i|v{ kczckl= s`{eë(dsës`h‛`ffnrkcdg {n b`w= d`‛dn{=




636

lz`‛flr{`cdbs= oelk`ó‛q`r{c`bc{s= s`{eë‛`v= oe`zl{‛ven|bk vn olfnhl$

[_@DVB@[CND@bb nj |v" on{e klhndv `dk klhcgnkv" e`zl olld onrd nj {el v`hl j`{elr"

M`çs`q`" `dk {e|v wl `rl rlb`{lk `v orn{elrv$ O|{ dnw wl `rl luecoc{cdg n|rqlrvnd`b qrnwlvv cd kcvvldvcnd$ [elrljnrl wl rlp|lv{ Sn| {n vl{{bl n|r kcvq|{l`dk kczckl {el dlf{`r lp|`bbs `hndg |v$

[LU[ 5

w[S`|Q``H`cDx`[``l kL[S`LH``_S``S``lcyÒQ`|e_cr/ #Q`]eVS` ìcfr`Q``%r#LcD`_rp-`cákHòXzp[`% ## 5 ##

c{s |qëh`d{rc{n k`c{s`crhësë(snðck(z`q|r e`rcó qrè`vs` r|fcrëqëâg`crdcrãmð`dd ck`h òr`zã{

VSDNDSHV

c{c‛{e|v= |qëh`d{rc{`ó‛olcdg jlrzld{bs rlp|lv{lk= k`c{s`có‛os {el klhndv=hësë(snðc{‛{el cbb|vnrs wnh`d= z`q|ó e`rcó‛{el cdf`rd`{cnd nj {el V|qrlhlQlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k= qrè`vs`‛vhcbcdg= r|fcr`‛ol`|{cj|b= `qëâg`có‛osluecoc{cdg `{{r`f{czl jlhcdcdl jl`{|rlv= dcrãmð`d‛bnnmcdg `{ {elh=ck`h‛{elvl wnrkv= òr`zã{‛v`ck$

[_@DVB@[CND

E`zcdg {e|v olld rlp|lv{lk os {el klhndv" {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s njGnkel`k" wen e`k `vv|hlk {el jnrh nj ` ol`|{cj|b wnh`d" olg`d {n vhcbl$




63;

Bnnmcdg `{ {elh wc{e `{{r`f{czl jlhcdcdl glv{|rlv" Vel vqnml `v jnbbnwv$

[LU[ 3

ã]p4`G`z`D`|z`fm(P`* m(US`Q`k`S``k`/ Q`|*éBS``* H`cS` V`%r#[``/ #

czâ`V * Q`c2A[` l I``[ | m(`cH`D`py| D` S``c[` ce ## 3 ##

çrã(oe`g`zëd |zëf`m`{e`á m`çs`q`(kësëkëó

q|áçf`bsëá h`sc v`âg`{ëózcçzëv`á q`íÿc{n ië{|mëhcdãð| d` së{c ec

VSDNDSHV

çrã(oe`g`zëd |zëf`‛{el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k cd {el jnrh nj Hnecdã(hòr{c v`ck= m`{e`h‛enw cv c{ vn= m`çs`q`(kësëkëó‛sn| `rl `bbklvfldk`d{v nj M`çs`q` H|dc= q|áçf`bsëh‛|d{n ` qrnv{c{|{l wen `gc{`{lv {el

hcdkv nj hld= h`sc‛|d{n Hl= v`âg`{ëó‛sn| fnhl cd Hs `vvnfc`{cnd=zcçzëv`h‛j`c{e= q`íÿc{`ó‛{envl wen `rl bl`rdlk= ië{|‛`{ `ds {chl=mëhcdãð|‛|d{n ` wnh`d= d`‛dlzlr= së{c‛{`mlv qb`fl= ec‛cdkllk$

[_@DVB@[CND

[el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" cd {el jnrh nj Hnecdã" {nbk {elklhndv9 N vndv nj M`çs`q` H|dc" C `h ndbs ` qrnv{c{|{l$ Enw cv c{ {e`{ sn|

e`zl vn h|fe j`c{e cd Hl> @ bl`rdlk qlrvnd dlzlr q|{v ecv j`c{e cd ` wnh`d$

Q\_QN_[

Fëí`ms` Q`íÿc{`" {el grl`{ qnbc{cfc`d `dk hnr`b cdv{r|f{nr" v`ck" zcçzëvn




63<

d`cz` m`r{`zs`ó v{rãð| rëi`(m|blð| f`9 /Dlzlr q|{ sn|r j`c{e cd ` wnh`d nr `qnbc{cfc`d$/ [e|v {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" wen w`v qrl{ldkcdg {nol ` wnh`d" w`rdlk {el klhndv `g`cdv{ q|{{cdg vn h|fe j`c{e cd Elr" jnr Vele`k `qql`rlk `v `d `{{r`f{czl wnh`d |b{ch`{lbs {n fel`{ {elh$ Cdkcrlf{bskcvfbnvcdg {el q|rqnvl jnr wecfe Vel e`k `qql`rlk oljnrl {elh" Vel v`ck {n{el vndv nj M`çs`q`" /Enw cv {ecv> Sn| wlrl `bb onrd nj ` grl`{ ìðc" sl{ sn| `rlq|{{cdg sn|r j`c{e cd ` wnh`d wen cv bnc{lrcdg elrl `dk {elrl bcml ` qrnv{c{|{l"|dqrn{lf{lk os j`{elr nr e|vo`dk$ Wnhld cd gldlr`b ven|bk dn{ ol {r|v{lk"`dk we`{ {n vql`m nj ` wnh`d bnc{lrcdg bcml ` qrnv{c{|{l>/ [el wnrk mëhcdã cvvcgdcjcf`d{ cd {ecv fnddlf{cnd$ Wnhld" lvqlfc`bbs ol`|{cj|b sn|dg wnhld"cdznml {el knrh`d{ b|v{s klvcrlv nj ` h`d$ [elrljnrl" `ffnrkcdg {n

H`d|(v`áec{ë" lzlrs wnh`d ven|bk ol qrn{lf{lk" lc{elr os elr e|vo`dk" oselr j`{elr nr os elr grnwd vndv$ Wc{en|{ v|fe qrn{lf{cnd" ` wnh`d wcbb olluqbnc{lk$ Cdkllk" wnhld bcml {n ol luqbnc{lk os hld$ @v vnnd `v ` wnh`d cvluqbnc{lk os ` h`d" vel olfnhlv ` fnhhnd qrnv{c{|{l$ [ecv cv luqb`cdlk osHnecdã(hòr{c" {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$

[LU[ 01

V``b.`z)m( 2``* ðp2``* f VzLcr2`pD``* V`|rcÒy/ #V`9S``DS``e|rcD`[S``cD` D`\ß* D`\ß* czcfDz[``H`% ## 01 ##

vëbëzìmëíëá v{rãíëá f`vz`crcíãdëá v|r`(kzcð`óv`mesëds ëe|r `dc{sëdc

dò{d`á dò{d`á zcfcdz`{ëh

VSDNDSHV

vëbëzìmëíëh‛nj hndmlsv" i`fm`bv `dk kngv= v{rãíëh f`‛`dk nj wnhld=vz`crcíãdëh‛lvqlfc`bbs wnhld wen `rl cdklqldkld{= v|r`(kzcð`ó‛N klhndv=




63:

v`mesëdc‛jrcldkvecq= ëe|ó‛c{ cv v`ck= `dc{sëdc‛{lhqnr`rs= dò{d`h‛dlwjrcldkv= dò{d`h‛dlw jrcldkv= zcfcdz`{ëh‛`bb nj wenh `rl {ecdmcdg$

[_@DVB@[CND

N klhndv" `v hndmlsv" i`fm`bv `dk kngv `rl |dv{l`ks cd {elcr vlu|`brlb`{cndvecqv `dk w`d{ dlwlr `dk dlwlr jrcldkv lzlrs k`s" wnhld wen bczlcdklqldkld{bs vllm dlw jrcldkv k`cbs$ Jrcldkvecq wc{e v|fe ` wnh`d cv dlzlrqlrh`dld{$ [ecv cv {el nqcdcnd nj bl`rdlk vfenb`rv$

[LU[ 00ã]pã|m( nz`f

wc[` [ l -zlcb.[ LV[`VS`` @`âV[`H`D`V` l V |r`/ #IèV`|4``_zG`H4`pr* kk|é`H`)[`4`Ì`D`H`% ## 00 ##

çrã(ç|m` |zëf`c{c {l mðzlbc{`cv {`vsë

ëçz`v{`(h`d`vn 'v|rëó iè`v|r oeëz`(g`hoeãr`ák`k|ç fëhì{`(oeëi`d`h

VSDNDSHV

çrã(ç|m`ó |zëf`‛Çrã Ç|m`klz` Gnvzëhã v`ck= c{c‛{e|v= {l‛{envl klhndv=mðzlbc{`có‛os vql`mcdg `v cj inmcdgbs= {`vsëó‛nj Hnecdã(hòr{c=ëçz`v{`‛gr`{lj|b" wc{e j`c{e= h`d`v`ó‛{elcr hcdkv= `v|rëó‛`bb {el klhndv=

iè`v|ó‛b`|gelk= oeëz`(g`hoeãr`h‛`b{en|ge Hnecdã(hòr{c w`v j|bb nj gr`zc{s= k`k|ó‛klbczlrlk= f`‛`bvn= `hì{`(oeëi`d`h‛{el fnd{`cdlr nj dlf{`r$




637

[_@DVB@[CND

Çrã Ç|m`klz` Gnvzëhã fnd{cd|lk9 @j{lr {el klhndv el`rk {el wnrkv njHnecdã(hòr{c" wen e`k vqnmld `v cj inmcdgbs" {els wlrl `bb zlrs fndjckld{$[els b`|gelk wc{e gr`zc{s" `dk |b{ch`{lbs {els klbczlrlk {el fnd{`cdlr njdlf{`r cd{n Elr e`dkv$

Q\_QN_[

[el Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k cd Ecv jnrh nj Hnecdã w`v flr{`cdbs dn{ inmcdgo|{ {`bmcdg vlrcn|vbs" wc{e gr`zc{s$ [el klhndv" enwlzlr" olcdg f`q{cz`{lk os

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VSDNDSHV

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Q\_QN_[

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;13

[LU[ ?;

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VSDNDSHV

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Q\_QN_[

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VSDNDSHV

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Q\_QN_[

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VSDNDSHV

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;06

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[LU[ ?5

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VSDNDSHV

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[_@DVB@[CND

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;05

01$ [el O`{{bl Ol{wlld {el Klhcgnkv `dk {el Klhndv

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;03

[LU[ 0

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[LU[ 6

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VSDNDSHV

v`q`{dëdëh‛nj {elcr rcz`bv" {el klhcgnkv= q`rëh‛{el olv{=ìkkech‛nq|bldfl= kìðúzë‛novlrzcdg= {l‛`bb nj {elh= kc{c(d`dk`dëó‛{elvndv nj Kc{c" {el K`c{s`v= `hìðs`hëíëó‛olcdg cd{nblr`d{= |{ql{|ó‛r`d{nw`rk %i|v{ {n frl`{l ` kcv{|ro`dfl#= klzëd‛{el klhcgnkv=

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VSDNDSHV

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;;6

[LU[ 67

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VSDNDSHV

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VSDNDSHV

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VSDNDSHV

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VSDNDSHV

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VSDNDSHV

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VSDNDSHV

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VSDNDSHV

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VSDNDSHV

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VSDNDSHV

d`‛dn{= {`{(qr`{czckech‛{el fn|d{lr`f{cnd nj v|fe `d cbb|vnrs `{hnvqelrl=s`{r`‛welrlcd= zck|ó‛fn|bk |dklrv{`dk= cdkr`(ëk`s`ó‛{el klhcgnkv"el`klk os Cdkr`= dìq`‛N Mcdg= kesë{`ó‛olcdg hlkc{`{lk |qnd=

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[envl jnnbv `dk r`vf`bv wen w`d{ {n `vfldk {n {el |qqlr qb`dl{`rs vsv{lh oshsv{cf qnwlr nr hlfe`dcf`b hl`dv" nr wen ldkl`znr {n frnvv lzld {el |qqlr




;:7

qb`dl{v `dk `feclzl {el vqcrc{|`b wnrbk nr bcolr`{cnd" C f`|vl {n ol vld{ {n {elbnwlv{ rlgcnd nj {el |dczlrvl$

Q\_QN_[

[elrl `rl |dkn|o{lkbs kcjjlrld{ qb`dl{`rs vsv{lhv jnr kcjjlrld{ qlrvndv$ @vv{`{lk cd Oe`g`z`k(gã{ë %0;$05#" òrkez`á g`ffe`d{c v`{{z`(v{eëó9 qlrvndv cd {elhnkl nj gnnkdlvv f`d gn {n {el |qqlr qb`dl{v$ [envl cd {el hnklv nj k`rmdlvv`dk q`vvcnd" enwlzlr" `rl dn{ `bbnwlk {n ld{lr {el ecgelr qb`dl{v$ [el wnrkkcz`h rljlrv {n {el ecgelr qb`dl{`rs vsv{lh mdnwd `v Vz`rg`bnm`$ Cdkr`" Mcdgnj {el ecgelr qb`dl{`rs vsv{lh" e`v {el qnwlr {n q|ve knwd `ds fndkc{cndlk

vn|b `{{lhq{cdg {n gn jrnh {el bnwlr {n {el ecgelr qb`dl{v wc{en|{ qrnqlrp|`bcjcf`{cndv$ [el hnklrd `{{lhq{ {n gn {n {el hnnd cv `bvn `d `{{lhq{ oscdjlrcnr hld {n gn {n Vz`rg`bnm` os `r{cjcfc`b" hlfe`dcf`b hl`dv$ [ecv `{{lhq{f`ddn{ ol v|fflvvj|b$ Jrnh {ecv v{`{lhld{ nj Cdkr` c{ `qql`rv {e`{ `dsndl`{{lhq{cdg {n gn {n {el ecgelr qb`dl{`rs vsv{lhv os hlfe`dcf`b hl`dv" wecfe`rl elrl f`bblk hësë" cv fndklhdlk {n gn {el elbbcve qb`dl{v cd {el bnwlrqnr{cnd nj {el |dczlrvl$ [n gn {n {el ecgelr qb`dl{`rs vsv{lh" ndl dllkvv|jjcfcld{ gnnk p|`bc{clv$ @ vcdj|b qlrvnd vc{|`{lk cd {el hnkl nj cgdnr`dfl `dk`kkcf{lk {n krcdmcdg" hl`{(l`{cdg `dk cbbcfc{ vlu wcbb dlzlr ld{lr {el ecgelrqb`dl{v os hlfe`dcf`b hl`dv$

[LU[ :

V``lê* k|H``_cS`D`V[`l^Ý zI`Xl2` U`[`Q`z_2`` #cU`r l ecrYS l H`Dk`[H`Dg`+8Vz i`c[`c4`/ Vè ## : ##

vn 'e`á k|rhëscd`v {l 'ks`zìrlí` ç`{`(q`rz`íë

çcrn e`rcðsl h`dkë{h`dge`ú`vz` iîë{coecó vè`




;:5

VSDNDSHV

v`ó‛C `h {el v`hl qnwlrj|b qlrvnd= è`h‛C= k|rhëscd`ó‛nj sn|" wen f`dqlrjnrh vn h|fe i|ggblrs wc{e cbb|vcndv= {l‛nj sn|= `ks`‛{nk`s= zìrlí`‛os{el {e|dklronb{= ç`{`(q`rz`íë‛wecfe e`v e|dkrlkv nj ve`rq lkglv= çcr`ó‛{elel`k= e`rcðsl‛C ve`bb vlq`r`{l= h`dk`(ë{h`d‛N sn| wc{e ` qnnr j|dk nj mdnwblkgl= ge`ú`vz`‛i|v{ {rs {n lucv{ nd {ecv o`{{bljclbk= iîë{coecó vè`‛wc{esn|r rlb`{czlv `dk `vvcv{`d{v$

[_@DVB@[CND

[nk`s" wc{e hs {e|dklronb{" wecfe e`v e|dkrlkv nj ve`rq lkglv" C" {el v`hlqnwlrj|b qlrvnd" ve`bb vlzlr sn|r el`k jrnh sn|r onks$ @b{en|ge sn| f`dqrnk|fl vn h|fe i|ggblrs {ern|ge cbb|vcnd" sn| `rl ldknwlk wc{e ` qnnr j|dk njmdnwblkgl$ Dnw" {rs {n lucv{ nd {ecv o`{{bljclbk wc{e sn|r rlb`{czlv `dk jrcldkv$

[LU[ 7

ã]pocb.ìz`fV`±`H`l z[`_H``D``D``* m(`b.f`lck[`m(H`_2``H`% #m(Cc[`_I`_S``lÎ`S``l H`)[S`|/ V`zl_y`* VS`|rD`|§(H``[`% ## 7 ##

çrã(o`bcr |zëf`v`âgrëhl z`r{`hëdëdëá

mëb`(fnkc{`(m`rh`íëhmãr{cr i`sn 'i`sn hì{s|ó

v`rzlðëá vs|r `d|mr`hë{

VSDNDSHV

çrã(o`bcó |zëf`‛O`bc Hèërëi` v`ck= v`âgrëhl‛cd {el o`{{bljclbk=




;:3

z`r{`hëdëdëh‛nj `bb qlrvndv qrlvld{ elrl= mëb`(fnkc{`‛cdjb|ldflk os {elfn|rvl nj {chl= m`rh`íëh‛jnr qlrvndv ldg`glk cd jcge{cdg nr `ds n{elr`f{czc{clv= mãr{có‛rlq|{`{cnd= i`s`ó‛zcf{nrs= ì`s`ó‛kljl`{= hì{s|ó‛kl`{e=

v`rzlðëh‛nj `bb nj {elh= vs|ó‛h|v{ ol kndl= `d|mr`hë{‛ndl `j{lr `dn{elr$

[_@DVB@[CND

O`bc Hèërëi` rlqbclk9 @bb {envl qrlvld{ nd {ecv o`{{bljclbk `rl flr{`cdbs|dklr {el cdjb|ldfl nj l{lrd`b {chl" `dk `ffnrkcdg {n {elcr qrlvfrcolk `f{czc{clv"{els `rl klv{cdlk {n rlflczl j`hl" zcf{nrs" kljl`{ `dk kl`{e" ndl `j{lr `dn{elr$

Q\_QN_[

Cj ndl cv zcf{nrcn|v nd {el o`{{bljclbk" el olfnhlv j`hn|v= `dk cj ndl cv dn{zcf{nrcn|v o|{ cv kljl`{lk" el h`s kcl$ On{e zcf{nrs `dk kljl`{ `rl qnvvcobl"wel{elr nd v|fe ` o`{{bljclbk `v {ecv nr nd {el o`{{bljclbk nj {el v{r|ggbl jnrlucv{ldfl$ Lzlrs{ecdg {`mlv qb`fl `ffnrkcdg {n {el b`wv nj d`{|rl % qr`mì{lómrcs`hëíëdc g|í`có m`rhëíc v`rz`ç`ó ]Og $ 6$?7X#$ Vcdfl lzlrsndl" wc{en|{luflq{cnd" cv v|oilf{ {n {el hnklv nj h`{lrc`b d`{|rl" wel{elr ndl cv zcf{nrcn|v

nr kljl`{lk el cv dn{ cdklqldkld{" o|{ cv |dklr {el fnd{rnb nj h`{lrc`b d`{|rl$O`bc Hèërëi`" {elrljnrl" w`v zlrs vldvcobl$ El mdlw {e`{ {el jcge{cdg w`v`rr`dglk os l{lrd`b {chl `dk {e`{ |dklr {chl'v cdjb|ldfl ndl h|v{ `fflq{ {elrlv|b{v nj ndl'v nwd `f{czc{clv$ [elrljnrl lzld {en|ge Cdkr` {erl`{ldlk {e`{ elwn|bk dnw mcbb O`bc Hèërëi` os rlbl`vcdg {el {e|dklronb{" O`bc Hèërëi` w`vdn{ `{ `bb `jr`ck$ [ecv cv {el vqcrc{ nj ` mð`{rcs`9 s|kkel fëqs `q`bës`d`h %Og$05$;6#$ @ mð`{rcs` h|v{ ol {nblr`d{ cd `bb fcrf|hv{`dflv" lvqlfc`bbs nd {elo`{{bljclbk$ [e|v O`bc Hèërëi` `vvlr{lk {e`{ el w`v dn{ `{ `bb `jr`ck nj kl`{e"`b{en|ge el w`v {erl`{ldlk os v|fe ` grl`{ qlrvnd`bc{s `v {el Mcdg nj el`zld$

[LU[ 5




;71

[`ckk* m(`b.rU`D * I`G`[ % QÙS`cD[` V \rS`/ #D` ûYS`cD[` D` U``lfcD[` [`x` S`\S`H`Q`c2A[``/ ## 5 ##

{`k ck`á mëb`(r`ç`d`á i`g`{ q`çs`d{c vòr`s`ód` eìðs`d{c d` çnf`d{c{`{r` sòs`h `q`íÿc{ëó

VSDNDSHV

{`{‛{elrljnrl= ck`h‛{ecv wenbl h`{lrc`b wnrbk= mëb`(r`ç`d`h‛cv hnzcdg

olf`|vl nj {chl l{lrd`b= i`g`{‛hnzcdg jnrw`rk %{ecv wenbl |dczlrvl#= q`çs`d{c‛novlrzl= vòr`s`ó‛{envl wen `rl cd{lbbcgld{ os `khcvvcnd nj {el{r|{e= d`‛dn{= eìðs`d{c‛olfnhl i|ocb`d{= d`‛dnr= çnf`d{c‛b`hld{={`{r`‛cd v|fe= sòs`h‛`bb nj sn| klhcgnkv= `q`íÿc{ëó‛dn{ zlrs bl`rdlk%e`zcdg jnrgn{{ld {e`{ sn| `rl wnrmcdg |dklr l{lrd`b {chl#$

[_@DVB@[CND

Vllcdg {el hnzlhld{v nj {chl" {envl wen `rl fngdcy`d{ nj {el rl`b {r|{edlc{elr rlincfl dnr b`hld{ jnr kcjjlrld{ fcrf|hv{`dflv$ [elrljnrl" olf`|vl sn|`rl i|ocb`d{ k|l {n sn|r zcf{nrs" sn| ven|bk ol fndvcklrlk dn{ zlrs bl`rdlk$

Q\_QN_[

O`bc Hèërëi` mdlw {e`{ Cdkr`" Mcdg nj el`zld" w`v lu{rlhlbs qnwlrj|b"flr{`cdbs hnrl qnwlrj|b {e`d el echvlbj$ Dndl{elblvv" O`bc Hèërëi`fe`bbldglk Cdkr` os v`scdg {e`{ Cdkr` w`v dn{ ` zlrs bl`rdlk qlrvnd$ Cd

Oe`g`z`k(gã{ë %?$00# Mìðí` rlo|mlk @ri|d` os v`scdg9

`çnfsëd `dz`çnf`v {z`á qrìîë(zëkëáç f` oeëð`vl




;70

g`{ëvòd `g`{ëvòáç f`dëd|çnf`d{c q`íÿc{ëó

/Wecbl vql`mcdg bl`rdlk wnrkv" sn| `rl hn|rdcdg jnr we`{ cv dn{ wnr{es nj grclj$ [envl wen `rl wcvl b`hld{ dlc{elr jnr {el bczcdg dnr {el kl`k$/ [e|v `vMìðí` fe`bbldglk @ri|d` os v`scdg {e`{ el w`v dn{ ` q`íÿc{`" nr ` bl`rdlkqlrvnd" O`bc Hèërëi` `bvn fe`bbldglk Mcdg Cdkr` `dk ecv `vvnfc`{lv$ Cd {ecvh`{lrc`b wnrbk" lzlrs{ecdg e`qqldv |dklr {el cdjb|ldfl nj {chl$Fndvlp|ld{bs" jnr ` bl`rdlk qlrvnd wen vllv enw {ecdgv `rl {`mcdg qb`fl" {elrlcv dn p|lv{cnd nj olcdg vnrrs nr e`qqs olf`|vl nj {el w`zlv nj h`{lrc`b d`{|rl$@j{lr `bb" vcdfl wl `rl olcdg f`rrclk `w`s os {elvl w`zlv" we`{ cv {el hl`dcdg

nj olcdg i|ocb`d{ nr hnrnvl> Ndl wen cv j|bbs fndzlrv`d{ wc{e {el b`wv nj d`{|rl cv dlzlr i|ocb`d{ nr hnrnvl olf`|vl nj d`{|rl'v `f{czc{clv$ CdOe`g`z`k(gã{ë %?$0;#" Mìðí` `kzcvlv {e`{ ndl ol {nblr`d{9 {ëáv {c{cmð`vzòeër`{`$ Jnbbnwcdg {ecv `kzcfl nj Mìðí`'v" ndl ven|bk dn{ ol hnrnvl nr |de`qqsolf`|vl nj fcrf|hv{`d{c`b fe`dglv$ [ecv cv {el vshq{nh nj ` klzn{ll$ @klzn{ll f`rrclv n|{ ecv k|{s cd Mìðí` fndvfcn|vdlvv `dk cv dlzlr |de`qqs cd`wmw`rk fcrf|hv{`dflv$ El e`v j|bb j`c{e {e`{ cd v|fe fcrf|hv{`dflv" Mìðí`qrn{lf{v Ecv klzn{ll$ [elrljnrl ` klzn{ll dlzlr klzc`{lv jrnh ecv qrlvfrcolk

k|{s nj klzn{cnd`b vlrzcfl$ [el h`{lrc`b p|`bc{clv nj i|ocb`{cnd `dk hnrnvldlvv`rl qrlvld{ lzld cd {el klhcgnkv" wen `rl zlrs ecgebs vc{|`{lk cd {el |qqlrqb`dl{`rs vsv{lh$ [elrljnrl" weld ndl cv |dkcv{|rolk os {el vn(f`bblkj`znròbl `dk |dj`znròbl fcrf|hv{`dflv nj {ecv h`{lrc`b wnrbk" el ven|bk ol|dklrv{nnk {n ol orèh`(oeò{` ]VO ;$61$?1X" nr vlbj(rl`bcylk$ @v v{`{lk cdOe`g`z`k(gã{ë %05$<;#" orèh`(oeò{`ó qr`v`ddë{hë d` çnf`{c d` mëâmð`{c9 /Ndlwen cv {r`dvfldkld{`bbs vc{|`{lk `{ ndfl rl`bcylv {el V|qrlhl Orèh`d `dkolfnhlv j|bbs insj|b$/ Weld ndl cv |dkcv{|rolk os h`{lrc`b fcrf|hv{`dflv" elven|bk ol |dklrv{nnk {n ol nd {el {r`dvfldkld{`b v{`gl" ònzl {el rl`f{cndv nj {el {erll hnklv nj h`{lrc`b d`{|rl$

[LU[ 3




;7?

D` zS`* H`DS`H``D``D``H``[H``D`* [`x` V``K`D`H`% #cG`r`l z/ V``K`|U``lFS``D``* G`)üpH``l H`H`_[`ÀD``/ ## 3 ##

d` z`s`á h`ds`hëdëdëhë{hëd`á {`{r` vëke`d`hgcrn z`ó vëke|(çnfsëdëágìeíãhn h`rh`({ëÿ`dëó

VSDNDSHV

d`‛dn{= z`s`h‛wl= h`ds`hëdëdëh‛wen `rl fndvcklrcdg= ë{hëd`h‛{el

vlbj= {`{r`‛cd zcf{nrs nr kljl`{= vëke`d`h‛{el f`|vl= gcr`ó‛{el wnrkv=z`ó‛nj sn|= vëke|(çnfsëdëh‛wen `rl {n ol qc{clk os {el v`cd{bs qlrvndv=gìeíãh`ó‛`fflq{= h`rh`({ëÿ`dëó‛wecfe `jjbcf{ {el el`r{$

[_@DVB@[CND

Sn| klhcgnkv {ecdm {e`{ sn|r nwd vlbzlv `rl {el f`|vl nj sn|r `{{`cdcdgj`hl `dk zcf{nrs$ Olf`|vl nj sn|r cgdnr`dfl" v`cd{bs qlrvndv jllb vnrrs jnr sn|$

[elrljnrl" `b{en|ge sn|r wnrkv `jjbcf{ {el el`r{" wl kn dn{ `fflq{ {elh$

[LU[ 01

ã]pã|m( nz`fw[S``c-`QS` cz4 |* zpr l D``r`fLzvrH`k_D`/ #@`m(2`_Q`\2`şreD`k`-`lQ`Lrè [`* Q`|D`/ ## 01 ##

çrã(ç|m` |zëf`c{s ëmðcqs` zcoe|á zãrndërëf`cr zãr`(h`rk`d`óëm`rí`(qòrí`crè`d`k




;76

ëmðlq`cr ëe` {`á q|d`ó

VSDNDSHV

çrã(ç|m`ó |zëf`‛Çrã Ç|m`klz` Gnvzëhã v`ck= c{c‛{e|v= ëmðcqs`‛fe`v{cvcdg=zcoe|h‛|d{n Mcdg Cdkr`= zãr`ó‛{el z`bc`d{ O`bc Hèërëi`= dërëf`có‛os {el`rrnwv d`hlk dërëf`v= zãr`(h`rk`d`ó‛O`bc Hèërëi`" wen fn|bk v|ok|l lzldgrl`{ elrnv= ëm`rí`(qòrí`có‛kr`wd |q {n ecv l`r= è`d`{‛`{{`fmlk=ëmðlq`có‛os wnrkv nj fe`v{cvlhld{= ëe`‛v`ck= {`h‛|d{n ech=

q|d`ó‛`g`cd$

[_@DVB@[CND

Ç|m`klz` Gnvzëhã v`ck9 @j{lr {e|v rlo|mcdg Cdkr`" Mcdg nj el`zld" wc{eve`rq wnrkv" O`bc Hèërëi`" wen fn|bk v|ok|l `ds n{elr elrn" krlw o`fm {n ecvl`r {el `rrnwv mdnwd `v dërëf`v `dk `{{`fmlk Cdkr` wc{e {elvl `rrnwv$ [eld el`g`cd fe`v{cvlk Cdkr` wc{e v{rndg wnrkv$

[LU[ 00

Wz* cD`r`m)([` l klz l zLcr2`` [`PS`z`ckD`` #D``H`)YS`[`% [`kcK`-`lQ`* [``lx`è[` wz cÒQ`/ ## 00 ##

lz`á dcrëmì{n klznz`crcíë {`{es`(zëkcdë

dëhìðs`{ {`k(`kecmðlq`á{n{rëe`{` cz` kzcq`ó

VSDNDSHV

lz`h‛{e|v= dcrëmì{`ó‛olcdg kljl`{lk= klz`ó‛Mcdg Cdkr`= z`crcíë‛os ecvldlhs= {`{es`(zëkcdë‛wen w`v fnhql{ld{ {n vql`m {el {r|{e= d`‛dn{=




;7;

`hìðs`{‛b`hld{lk= {`{‛nj ech %O`bc#= `kecmðlq`h‛{el fe`v{cvlhld{={n{r`‛os {el vflq{lr nr rnk= ëe`{`ó‛olcdg ol`{ld= cz`‛i|v{ bcml= kzcq`ó‛`dlblqe`d{$

[_@DVB@[CND

Vcdfl Hèërëi` O`bc'v rlo|mlv wlrl {r|{ej|b" Mcdg Cdkr` kck dn{ `{ `bbolfnhl vnrrs" i|v{ `v `d lblqe`d{ ol`{ld os c{v krczlr'v rnk knlv dn{ olfnhl`gc{`{lk$

[LU[ 0?Q`]èr[`% m|(cb.U`* [`VH`` @H``lg`* Q`rH`k_D`/ #

V`S``D``l DS`Q`[`k% 4`\H``L cTáQ`-` wz`fb./ ## 0? ##

qrëe`r`{ m|bcç`á {`vhë`hnge`á q`r`(h`rk`d`óv`sëdn ds`q`{`k oeòh`|

fecdd`(q`mð` czëf`b`ó

VSDNDSHV

qrëe`r`{‛cdjbcf{lk= m|bcç`h‛{e|dklronb{ vflq{lr= {`vh`c‛|d{n ech %O`bcHèërëi`#= `hnge`h‛cdj`bbcobl= q`r`(h`rk`d`ó‛Cdkr`" wen cv luqlr{ cdkljl`{cdg {el ldlhs= v`(sëd`ó‛wc{e ecv `crqb`dl= ds`q`{`{‛jlbb knwd=oeòh`|‛nd {el grn|dk= fecdd`(q`mð`ó‛wenvl wcdgv e`zl olld {`mld `w`s=cz`‛bcml= `f`b`ó‛` hn|d{`cd$

[_@DVB@[CND

Weld Cdkr`" {el kljl`{lr nj ldlhclv" rlbl`vlk ecv cdj`bbcobl {e|dklronb{




;7<

vflq{lr `{ O`bc Hèërëi` wc{e ` klvcrl {n mcbb ech" O`bc Hèërëi` cdkllk jlbb {n{el grn|dk wc{e ecv `crqb`dl" bcml ` hn|d{`cd wc{e c{v wcdgv f|{ njj$

Q\_QN_[

Cd h`ds klvfrcq{cndv cd Zlkcf bc{lr`{|rl c{ cv jn|dk {e`{ hn|d{`cdv `bvn jbscd {el vms wc{e wcdgv$ Weld v|fe hn|d{`cdv `rl kl`k" {els j`bb {n {el grn|dk"welrl {els v{`s `v zlrs b`rgl kl`k onkclv$

[LU[ 06

V`,`S`* Q`c[`[`* k)ä` I`H4``l ocb.V`,/ V`|û[`% #@4S`S``[`% V``Lûk* V`9S`|e_[`VS``cQ` V`H``frD`% ## 06 ##

v`meës`á q`{c{`á kìðúzë i`hoen o`bc(v`me`ó v|eì{

òes`së{ v`|eìk`á v`mes|re`{`vsëqc v`hëf`r`d

VSDNDSHV

v`meës`h‛ecv cd{ch`{l jrcldk= q`{c{`h‛e`zcdg j`bbld= kìðúzë‛`j{lr vllcdg= i`hoe`ó‛{el klhnd I`hoe`= o`bc(v`me`ó‛` zlrs cd{ch`{l jrcldk nj O`bcHèërëi`= v|eì{‛`dk fndv{`d{ wlbb(wcvelr= òes`së{‛`qql`rlk nd {el vfldl=v`|eìk`h‛zlrs fnhq`vvcnd`{l jrcldkvecq= v`mes|ó‛nj ecv jrcldk=e`{`vs`‛wen w`v cdi|rlk `dk j`bbld= `qc‛`b{en|ge= v`hëf`r`d‛i|v{ {nqlrjnrh jrcldkbs k|{clv$

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VSDNDSHV

v`ó‛I`hoeëv|r`= vcáe`(zëe`ó‛olcdg f`rrclk os ` bcnd= ëvëks`‛fnhcdgoljnrl Mcdg Cdkr`= g`këh‛ecv fb|o= |ks`hs`‛{`mcdg |q= r`áe`vë‛wc{egrl`{ jnrfl= i`{r`|‛nd {el o`vl nj {el dlfm= `{ëÿ`s`{‛ec{= ç`mr`h‛Cdkr`=gì`h f`‛`v wlbb `v ecv lblqe`d{= v|(hèë(o`b`ó‛{el grl`{bs qnwlrj|b

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VSDNDSHV

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;75

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[LU[ 07

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@qqrlfc`{cdg Hë{`bc'v vlrzcfl" I`hoeëv|r`" {el olv{ nj {el klhndv" vhcblk$Dndl{elblvv" el v{r|fm Hë{`bc cd {el o`{{bl wc{e ` {rckld{ nj ob`ycdg jcrl$




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[LU[ 05

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VSDNDSHV

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[LU[ 03

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VSDNDSHV

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VSDNDSHV

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;50

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_lo|mcdg Cdkr` wc{e e`rve" fr|lb wnrkv {e`{ wlrl qclrfcdg {n {el el`r{"{elvl klhndv venwlrlk ech wc{e `rrnwv" i|v{ `v {nrrld{v nj r`cd w`ve ` grl`{hn|d{`cd$

[LU[ ?0erpDkU`U`[``DS``I` L eS _âVS` ob./ U`rL/ #

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[LU[ ?6

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VSDNDSHV

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VSDNDSHVdcrãmðs`‛`j{lr novlrzcdg= qì{`dëh‛ecv nwd vnbkclrv= klz`ó‛{el klhcgnkCdkr`= q`r`có‛os {el ldlhclv= òes`rkc{ëh‛q|{ cd{n grl`{ kcjjcf|b{clv nrnqqrlvvlk= r`íl‛cd {el o`{{bljclbk= |k`s`ffe`{‛{nnm |q= rcq|h‛{el ldlhclv=




;57

e`d{|h‛{n mcbb= zìr`h‛{el {e|dklronb{= zìr`(ke`r`ó‛{el f`rrclr nj {el{e|dklronb{= r|ðë‛cd grl`{ `dglr$

[_@DVB@[CND

Weld Cdkr`" wen cv mdnwd `v Zìr`(ke`r`" {el f`rrclr nj {el {e|dklronb{"v`w ecv nwd vnbkclrv vn nqqrlvvlk os {el ldlhclv nd {el o`{{bljclbk" el olf`hlzlrs `dgrs$ [e|v el {nnm |q ecv {e|dklronb{ {n mcbb {el ldlhclv$

[LU[ ?5

V` [`lD`Lz`èK``rl2` cU`rV`p ob.Q``m(S``l/ #i`[`pD``* QÙS`[``* rÌ`Ìe`r I`D`S`D4`S`H`% ## ?5 ##

v` {ld`czëðú`(keërlí`çcr`vã o`b`(qëm`snó

iîë{ãdëá q`çs`{ëá rëi`î ièër` i`d`s`d oe`s`h

VSDNDSHV

v`ó‛el %Cdkr`#= {ld`‛os {e`{= lz`‛cdkllk= `ðú`(keërlí`‛os {el{e|dklronb{= çcr`vã‛{el {wn el`kv= o`b`(qëm`snó‛nj {el {wn klhndv mdnwd`v O`b` `dk Qëm`= iîë{ãdëh q`çs`{ëh‛wecbl {elcr rlb`{czlv `dk vnbkclrv wlrlw`{fecdg= rëi`d‛N Mcdg= ièër`‛%Cdkr`# f|{ njj= i`d`s`d‛frl`{cdg=oe`s`h‛jl`r %`hndg {elh#$

[_@DVB@[CND

N Mcdg Q`rãmðc{" Mcdg Cdkr` |vlk ecv {e|dklronb{ {n f|{ njj {el el`kv nj on{eO`b` `dk Qëm` cd {el qrlvldfl nj `bb {elcr rlb`{czlv `dk jnbbnwlrv$ Cd {ecv w`s el




;55

frl`{lk ` zlrs jl`rj|b `{hnvqelrl nd {el o`{{bljclbk$

[LU[ ?3

D`H`|cfV[`ÒK`* k)ä` U``lm(`H`y_ìy`cDz[`/ #cI`g``*V`|crDkX* D`)Q`[`l fm(`r Q`rH``lÝH`H`% ## ?3 ##

d`h|fcv {`k(z`ke`á kìðúzëçnmëh`rð`(r|ðëdzc{`ó

icgeëáv|r cdkr`á dìq`{l

f`mër` q`r`hnks`h`h

VSDNDSHV

d`h|fcó‛{el klhnd D`h|fc= {`{‛nj {envl {wn klhndv= z`ke`h‛{elh`vv`frl= kìðúzë‛`j{lr vllcdg= çnm`(`h`rð`‛b`hld{`{cnd `dk grclj=r|ðë(`dzc{`ó‛olcdg zlrs `dgrs `{ {ecv= icgeëáv|ó‛w`d{lk {n mcbb=cdkr`h‛Mcdg Cdkr`= dì(q`{l‛N H`eërëi` Q`rãmðc{= f`mër`‛h`kl=

q`r`h`‛` grl`{= |ks`h`h‛ldkl`znr$

[_@DVB@[CND

N Mcdg" weld D`h|fc" `dn{elr klhnd" v`w {el mcbbcdg nj on{e O`b` `dkQëm`" el w`v j|bb nj grclj `dk b`hld{`{cnd$ [e|v el `dgrcbs h`kl ` grl`{`{{lhq{ {n mcbb Cdkr`$

[LU[ 61

@UH`V``rH`S`* ã\b*. g`2+8`zÚlH`4`\y2`H % #Q`]G`)ó`4S`kXz[`% §|(Ú`l e[``l^V`pc[` cz[`I`_S`D`% #




;53

Q`]`ce2``lk% klzrÌ``S` cD`D`kD`% H`)G`r`cAz ## 61 ##

`çh`vër`h`s`á çòb`áge`íúëz`k kelh`(oeòð`í`h qr`gìesëoes`kr`z`{ mr|kken

e`{n 'vã{c zc{`ri`s`d qrëecínk klz`(rëiës`dcd`k`d hìg`(rëÿ cz`

VSDNDSHV

`çh`vër`(h`s`h‛h`kl nj v{llb= çòb`h‛` vql`r= ge`íúë(z`{‛on|dk wc{eolbbv= elh`(oeòð`í`h‛klfnr`{lk wc{e nrd`hld{v nj gnbk= qr`gìes`‛{`mcdg cdecv e`dk= òes`kr`z`{‛jnrflj|bbs wld{= mr|kke`ó‛cd `d `dgrs hnnk= e`{`ó`vc c{c‛dnw sn| `rl mcbblk= zc{`ri`s`d‛rn`rcdg bcml {e`{= qrëecín{‛v{r|fm=klz`(rëiës`‛|d{n Mcdg Cdkr`= dcd`k`d‛rlvn|dkcdg= hìg`(rëú‛` bcnd=cz`‛bcml$

[_@DVB@[CND

Olcdg `dgrs `dk rn`rcdg bcml ` bcnd" {el klhnd D`h|fc {nnm |q ` v{llb vql`r"wecfe w`v on|dk wc{e olbbv `dk klfnr`{lk wc{e nrd`hld{v nj gnbk$ El bn|kbsfrclk" /Dnw sn| `rl mcbblk!/ [e|v fnhcdg oljnrl Cdkr` {n mcbb ech" D`h|fcrlbl`vlk ecv wl`qnd$

[LU[ 60

[`k`Q`[`k% G`G`D`[`bl. HèÌ`z*czcfcFTkl ecrcry|c4`/ VèöK`` #[`H`èD`á)Q` m|(cb.U lD` m(DK`rl




;31

ìy`cDz[`cðkU`Q`c[`/ cU`r l erD % ## 60 ##

{`këq`{`k g`g`d`({`bl hèë(i`z`ázcfcffeckl e`rcr cð|oecó vè`vr`keë{`h ëe`d`d dìq` m|bcçld` m`dke`rlr|ðëdzc{`v {rck`ç`(q`{có çcrn e`r`d

VSDNDSHV

{`kë‛`{ {e`{ {chl= `q`{`{‛j`bbcdg bcml ` hl{lnr= g`g`d`({`bl‛oldl`{e {elvms nr nd {el grn|dk= hèë(i`z`h‛lu{rlhlbs qnwlrj|b= zcfcffeckl‛f|{ {n

qclflv= e`rcó‛Cdkr`= cð|oecó‛os ecv `rrnwv= vè`vr`keë‛cd{n {en|v`dkv nj qclflv= {`h‛{e`{ D`h|fc= ëe`d`{‛v{r|fm= dìq`‛N Mcdg= m|bcçld`‛wc{e ecv{e|dklronb{= m`dke`rl‛nd {el ven|bklr= r|ðë(`dzc{`ó‛olcdg zlrs `dgrs={rck`ç`(q`{có‛Cdkr`" {el Mcdg nj {el klhcgnkv= çcr`ó‛{el el`k= e`r`d‛{nvlq`r`{l$

[_@DVB@[CND

N Mcdg" weld Cdkr`" Mcdg nj el`zld" v`w {ecv zlrs qnwlrj|b vql`r j`bbcdg{nw`rk {el grn|dk bcml ` ob`ycdg hl{lnr" el chhlkc`{lbs f|{ c{ {n qclflv wc{e ecv`rrnwv$ [eld" olcdg zlrs `dgrs" el v{r|fm D`h|fc'v ven|bklr wc{e ecv{e|dklronb{ {n f|{ njj D`h|fc'v el`k$

[LU[ 6?

D` [`VS` ce [zfH`cQ` zI X NcI _[` l

co4 lk S`/ V |rQ`c[`D` LI`V lcr[`/ #[`kk%4 |[ * Q`rH`c[`zpS _z)x`c4`[ %c[`rVm)([` l D`H |cfcU`r lK`r[zf` ## 6? ##




;30

d` {`vs` ec {z`f`h `qc zìr` òric{nocoelk` s`ó v|r`(q`{cd`|i`vlrc{`ó

{`k `koe|{`á q`r`h `{czãrs`(zì{r`(oec{{cr`vmì{n d`h|fc(çcrnke`r`({z`fë

VSDNDSHV

d`‛dn{= {`vs`‛nj ech %D`h|fc#= ec‛cdkllk= {z`f`h `qc‛lzld {el vmcd=zìr`ó‛{el {e|dklronb{= òric{`ó‛zlrs qnwlrj|b= ocoelk`‛fn|bk qclrfl=s`ó‛{el wl`qnd wecfe= v|r`(q`{cdë‛os {el mcdg nj {el klhcgnkv=ni`vë‛zlrs jnrflj|bbs= ãrc{`ó‛e`k olld rlbl`vlk= {`{‛{elrljnrl= `koe|{`h

q`r`h‛c{ w`v lu{r`nrkcd`rcbs wndklrj|b= `{czãrs`(zì{r`(oec{‛vn qnwlrj|b {e`{c{ fn|bk qclrfl {el onks nj {el zlrs qnwlrj|b Zì{rëv|r`= {cr`vmì{`ó‛%dnw cd{el j|{|rl# wecfe e`k olld rlqlbblk= d`h|fc(çcrnke`r`({z`fë‛os {el vmcd nj D`h|fc'v dlfm$

[_@DVB@[CND

@b{en|ge Mcdg Cdkr` e|rblk ecv {e|dklronb{ `{ D`h|fc wc{e grl`{ jnrfl" c{fn|bk dn{ lzld qclrfl ecv vmcd$ C{ cv zlrs wndklrj|b {e`{ {el j`hlk {e|dklronb{{e`{ e`k qclrflk {el onks nj Zì{rëv|r` fn|bk dn{ lzld vbcge{bs cdi|rl {el vmcd njD`h|fc'v dlfm$

[LU[ 66

[`VH``ckDkX l co4 lFTx` lz_I X/ Q ]c[è[` l S`[`/ #cm(cH`k* kLzS` lG lD` 4 \[ * b. lm(czH` leD`H % ## 66 ##

{`vhëk cdkrn 'ocoelf fe`{rnrzìr`ó qr`{ce`{n s`{`ómch ck`á k`cz`(sngld`




;3?

oeò{`á bnm`(zchne`d`h

VSDNDSHV

{`vhë{‛{elrljnrl= cdkr`ó‛{el Mcdg nj el`zld= òcoel{‛olf`hl zlrs jl`rj|b=ç`{rnó‛jrnh {el ldlhs %D`h|fc#= zìr`ó‛{el {e|dklronb{= qr`{ce`{`ó‛w`v|dòbl {n ec{ `dk rl{|rdlk= s`{`ó‛olf`|vl= mch ck`h‛we`{ cv {ecv=k`cz`(sngld`‛os vnhl v|qlrcnr jnrfl= oeò{`h‛c{ e`v e`qqldlk=bnm`(zchne`d`h‛vn wndklrj|b {n {el qlnqbl cd gldlr`b$

[_@DVB@[CND

Weld Cdkr` v`w {el {e|dklronb{ rl{|rd jrnh {el ldlhs" el w`v zlrs h|fe`jr`ck$ El olg`d {n wndklr wel{elr {ecv e`k e`qqldlk olf`|vl nj vnhlhcr`f|bn|v v|qlrcnr qnwlr$

Q\_QN_[

Cdkr`'v {e|dklronb{ cv cdzcdfcobl" `dk {elrljnrl weld Cdkr` v`w {e`{ c{ e`krl{|rdlk wc{en|{ kncdg `ds cdi|rs {n D`h|fc" el w`v flr{`cdbs zlrs h|fe

`jr`ck$

[LU[ 6;

S`lD` H`l Q`\z_H`kXp2``* Q`-`FTlk/ Q`]I``[S`S`l #m)([` l cD`czU`[` * 4``rL/ Q`[`[x L/ Q`[`[` * 4 |cz ## 6; ##

sld` hl qòrz`h `krãíëá q`mð`(ffelk`ó qrìë{s`sl

mì{n dczcç`{ëá oeër`có q`{`{{r`có q`{`{ëá oe|zc




;36

VSDNDSHV

sld`‛os {el v`hl {e|dklronb{= hl‛os hl= qòrz`h‛jnrhlrbs= `krãíëh‛nj {el hn|d{`cdv= q`mð`(ffelk`ó‛{el f|{{cdg nj {el wcdgv= qr`ië(`{s`sl‛weld{elrl w`v mcbbcdg nj {el qlnqbl cd gldlr`b= mì{`ó‛w`v kndl= dczcç`{ëh‛nj {envl hn|d{`cdv wecfe ld{lrlk= oeër`có‛os {el grl`{ wlcge{= q`{`{{r`có‛oswcdgv= q`{`{ëh‛j`bbcdg= oe|zc‛nd {el grn|dk$

[_@DVB@[CND

Cdkr` {en|ge{9 Jnrhlrbs" weld h`ds hn|d{`cdv jbscdg cd {el vms wc{ewcdgv wn|bk j`bb {n {el grn|dk `dk mcbb qlnqbl" C f|{ {elcr wcdgv wc{e {ecv v`hl{e|dklronb{$

[LU[ 6<

[`Q`/V``rH`S`* [z`èR* z)x``l S`lD` czQ``c+8[`/ #@DS l f`cQ` ob. lQ l[``/ V`z _ðLr-`[`[zf/ ## 6< ##

{`q`ó(vër`h`s`á {zëðúr`ázì{rn sld` zcqëúc{`ó`dsl fëqc o`bnql{ëó

v`rzëv{r`cr `mð`{`({z`f`ó

VSDNDSHV

{`q`ó‛`|v{lrc{clv= vër`(h`s`h‛grl`{bs qnwlrj|b= {zëðúr`h‛qlrjnrhlk os

[z`ðúë= zì{r`ó‛Zì{rëv|r`= sld`‛os wecfe= zcqëúc{`ó‛w`v mcbblk=`dsl‛n{elrv= f`‛`bvn= `qc‛cdkllk= o`b`(|ql{ëó‛zlrs qnwlrj|b qlrvndv=v`rz`‛`bb mcdkv= `v{r`có‛os wl`qndv= `mð`{`‛wc{en|{ olcdg cdi|rlk=




;3;

{z`f`ó‛{elcr vmcd$

[_@DVB@[CNDZì{rëv|r` w`v {el lvvldfl nj {el `|v{lrc{clv |dklrgndl os [z`ðúë" sl{ {el

{e|dklronb{ mcbblk ech$ Cdkllk" dn{ ndbs el o|{ `bvn h`ds n{elr v{`bw`r{elrnlv" wenvl zlrs vmcd fn|bk dn{ ol cdi|rlk lzld os `bb mcdkv nj wl`qndv" wlrlmcbblk os {el v`hl {e|dklronb{$

[LU[ 6:

V``l^S`* Q`]c[è[``l zI`X`l H`S`` H`|¯(`l^V`|rl^BQ`ml( #D`è* [`k`kkl k2A* oXõ[ lI` l QS`m(`r2`H % ## 6: ##

vn 's`á qr`{ce`{n zìrnh`së h|m{n 'v|rl 'bq`ml

dëe`á {`k ëk`kl k`íÿ`áorèh`({lin 'qs `mër`í`h

VSDNDSHV

v`ó `s`h‛{elrljnrl" {ecv {e|dklronb{= qr`{ce`{`ó‛rlqlbblk=zìr`ó‛{e|dklronb{= h`së‛os hl= h|m{`ó‛rlbl`vlk= `v|rl‛|d{n {e`{klhnd= `bq`ml‛blvv chqnr{`d{= d`‛dn{= è`h‛C= {`{‛{e`{= ëk`kl‛enbk=k`íÿ`h‛c{ cv dnw i|v{ bcml ` rnk= orèh`({li`ó‛`v qnwlrj|b `v ` orèhëv{r`=`qc‛`b{en|ge= `mër`í`h‛dnw c{ cv |vlblvv$

[_@DVB@[CND

O|{ dnw" `b{en|ge {el v`hl {e|dklronb{ e`v olld rlbl`vlk `g`cdv{ ` blvvchqnr{`d{ klhnd" c{ e`v olld cdljjlf{|`b$ [elrljnrl" `b{en|ge c{ w`v `v gnnk `v




;3<

` orèhëv{r`" c{ e`v dnw olfnhl |vlblvv bcml `d nrkcd`rs rnk$ C ve`bb {elrljnrlenbk c{ dn bndglr$

[LU[ 67

wc[` U`§*( czypkD[`H`è z`GÙ`rpcr2`p #D``S`* ã|YmL(rP``l D``kXşz_K`Hè_c[` k`D`z/ ## 67 ##

c{c ç`mr`á zcðãk`d{`hëe` zëg `ç`rãrcíã

dës`á ç|ðm`cr `{en dërkr`crz`ke`h `re`{c këd`z`ó

VSDNDSHV

c{c‛cd {ecv w`s= ç`mr`h‛|d{n Cdkr`= zcðãk`d{`h‛b`hld{cdg= ëe`‛vqnml=zëm‛` zncfl= `ç`rãrcíã‛wc{en|{ `ds onks" nr jrnh {el vms= d`‛dn{=`s`h‛{ecv= ç|ðm`có‛os `ds{ecdg krs= `{en‛`bvn= d`‛dnr= ërkr`có‛os`ds{ecdg hncv{= z`ke`h‛`ddcecb`{cnd= `re`{c‛cv oljc{{cdg= këd`z`ó‛{ecv

klhnd %D`h|fc#$

[_@DVB@[CND

Ç|m`klz` Gnvzëhã fnd{cd|lk9 Wecbl {el hnrnvl Cdkr` w`v b`hld{cdg cd {ecvw`s" `d nhcdn|v" |dlhonkclk zncfl v`ck jrnh {el vms" /[ecv klhnd D`h|fc cvdn{ {n ol `ddcecb`{lk os `ds{ecdg krs nr hncv{$/

[LU[ 65

H`S``VH`L S`k% zr`l k{``l H`)[S`|D`şz`kX_ã|Ym(S``l/ #




;3:

@[``l^DS`céD[`D`pS`V[`l nQ``S``l H`g`zD`% crQ``l/ ## 65 ##

h`sëvh`c s`k z`rn k`{{nhì{s|r d`czërkr`(ç|ðm`snó`{n 'ds`ç fcd{`dãs`v {l|qësn h`ge`z`d rcqnó

VSDNDSHV

h`së‛os hl= `vh`c‛|d{n ech= s`{‛olf`|vl= z`r`ó‛` oldlkcf{cnd=k`{{`ó‛e`v olld gr`d{lk= hì{s|ó‛kl`{e= d`‛dn{= lz`‛cdkllk= ërkr`‛os

lc{elr ` hncv{= ç|ðm`snó‛nr os ` krs hlkc|h= `{`ó‛{elrljnrl=`ds`ó‛vnhl{ecdg lbvl" `dn{elr= fcd{`dãs`ó‛e`v {n ol {en|ge{ nj= {l‛os sn|=|qës`ó‛hl`dv= h`ge`z`d‛N Cdkr`= rcqnó‛nj sn|r ldlhs$

[_@DVB@[CND

[el zncfl `bvn v`ck" /N Cdkr`" olf`|vl C e`zl gczld {ecv klhnd {eloldlkcf{cnd {e`{ el wcbb dlzlr ol mcbblk os `ds wl`qnd {e`{ cv krs nr hncv{" sn|

e`zl {n {ecdm nj `dn{elr w`s {n mcbb ech$/

[LU[ 63

[``* kLzp* cG`rH``m(2S`_ H`g`z`DV`|V`H``ce[`/ #KS``S`D`% jl(D`H`P``Q`US`k|Q``S`H`|4`S``[H`m(H`% ## 63 ##

{ëá k`czãá gcr`h ëm`rís`

h`ge`zëd v|v`hëec{`ókesës`d qeld`h `{eëq`çs`k

|qës`h |oe`së{h`m`h




;37

VSDNDSHV

{ëh‛{e`{= k`czãh‛nhcdn|v= gcr`h‛zncfl= ëm`rís`‛`j{lr el`rcdg=h`ge`zëd‛Bnrk Cdkr`= v|(v`hëec{`ó‛olfnhcdg zlrs f`rlj|b=kesës`d‛hlkc{`{cdg= qeld`h‛`qql`r`dfl nj jn`h= `{e`‛{elrl`j{lr=`q`çs`{‛el v`w= |qës`h‛{el hl`dv= |oe`s`(ë{h`m`h‛vch|b{`dln|vbs krs`dk hncv{$

[_@DVB@[CND

@j{lr el`rcdg {el nhcdn|v zncfl" Cdkr`" wc{e grl`{ `{{ld{cnd" olg`d {nhlkc{`{l nd enw {n mcbb {el klhnd$ El {eld v`w {e`{ jn`h wn|bk ol {el hl`dv"jnr c{ cv dlc{elr hncv{ dnr krs$

[LU[ ;1

D` ã|Yml(2` D` f`kXl_2` Iè`r D`H`|fl/ cU`r/ #[`* [`|è|z|H`|_cD`G`2`` H``BS`Lé`z`cm(rcDz4`|H`% ## ;1 ##

d` ç|ðmlí` d` fërkrlí` ièër` d`h|fló çcr`ó

{`á {|ðú|z|r h|dc(g`íëhëbs`cç fëzëmcr`d zcoe|h

VSDNDSHV

d`‛dlc{elr= ç|ðmlí`‛os krs hl`dv= d`‛dnr= f`‛`bvn= ërkrlí`‛os ` hncv{

wl`qnd= ièër`‛el vlq`r`{lk= d`h|fló‛nj D`h|fc= çcr`ó‛{el el`k={`h‛ech %Cdkr`#= {|ðú|z|ó‛v`{cvjclk= h|dc(g`íëó‛`bb {el v`glv=hëbs`có‛wc{e jbnwlr g`rb`dkv= f`‛`bvn= `zëmcr`d‛fnzlrlk= zcoe|h‛{e`{




;35

grl`{ qlrvnd`bc{s$

[_@DVB@[CND[e|v Cdkr`" Mcdg nj el`zld" vlzlrlk D`h|fc'v el`k wc{e ` wl`qnd nj jn`h"

wecfe w`v dlc{elr krs dnr hncv{$ [eld `bb {el v`glv v`{cvjclk Cdkr`" {el lu`b{lkqlrvnd`bc{s" os venwlrcdg jbnwlrv `dk g`rb`dkv |qnd ech" `bhnv{ fnzlrcdg ech$

Q\_QN_[

Cd {ecv rlg`rk" {el çr|{c(h`d{r`v v`s" `qëá qeldld` d`h|fló çcr` cdkrn

'kër`s`{9 Cdkr` mcbblk D`h|fc wc{e w`{lrs jn`h" wecfe cv dlc{elr hncv{ dnrkrs$

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VSDNDSHV

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[_@DVB@[CND

Olcdg lhor`flk os Bnrk Çcz` bcml ` jlh`bl lblqe`d{ lhor`flk os ` h`bl" {elwnh`d" wenvl e`cr w`v vf`{{lrlk" vwcrblk bcml ` vd`ml$ N Mcdg" {ecv wnh`d"wen e`k b`rgl" ecge ecqv" w`v ` wnh`d nj sng`hësë qrlvld{lk os {el V|qrlhlQlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$ Vel rlbl`vlk Elrvlbj vnhlenw nr n{elr jrnh {el jndklhor`fl nj Bnrk Çcz`'v `rhv `dk r`d `w`s$

[LU[ 60

[`VS``V` L Q`kzp* ìkX l czY2` lrk%4 |[`m(H _2`/ #




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Q ][S`Q`Ý[` m(`H lD` zLcr2 lz czcD`cI _[`/ ## 60 ##

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{`vs`‛nj El wen cv {el V|qrlhl Bnrk= `v`|‛Bnrk Çcz`= q`k`zãh‛{el qb`fl=r|kr`ó‛Bnrk Çcz`= zcðínó‛nj Bnrk Zcðí|= `koe|{`(m`rh`í`ó‛nj El wen

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[_@DVB@[CND

@v cj e`r`vvlk os `d ldlhs cd {el jnrh nj b|v{s klvcrlv" Bnrk Çcz` jnbbnwlk{el q`{e nj Bnrk Zcðí|" wen `f{v zlrs wndklrj|bbs `dk wen e`k {`mld {el jnrhnj Hnecdã$

Q\_QN_[

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[LU[ 6?

[`VS``D |K``z[` l rl[`éVm(Dk`H` lg`rl[`V`/ #ã|cYH`2``l S`\P`Q`VS`lz z`cV`[``H`D`|K``z[`/ ## 6? ##

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VSDNDSHV

{`vs`‛nj ech %Bnrk Çcz`#= `d|keëz`{`ó‛wen w`v jnbbnwcdg= rl{`ó‛{elvlhld= f`vm`dk`‛kcvfe`rglk= `hnge`(rl{`v`ó‛nj {e`{ qlrvnd wenvlkcvfe`rgl nj vlhld dlzlr gnlv cd z`cd= ç|ðhcí`ó‛h`k= sò{e`q`vs`‛nj ` h`bllblqe`d{= cz`‛i|v{ bcml= zëvc{ëh‛{n ` jlh`bl lblqe`d{ òbl {n fndflczl

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[LU[ 66

S`x` S`x``Q`[`DH`ó`* rl[`V[`VS` Hè`[H`D`/ #




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VSDNDSHV

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[_@DVB@[CND

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[LU[ 6;

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[_@DVB@[CND

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welrlzlr {elrl bczlk grl`{ v`glv$

Q\_QN_[

Çrãb` Zcçz`dë{e` F`mr`z`r{ã Úeëm|r` rlh`rmv {e`{ Hnecdã(hòr{c kr`gglkBnrk Çcz` {n vn h`ds qb`flv" lvqlfc`bbs {n welrl {el grl`{ v`glv bczlk" {ncdv{r|f{ {el v`glv {e`{ {elcr Bnrk Çcz` e`k olfnhl h`k jnr ` ol`|{cj|b wnh`d$[e|v `b{en|ge {els wlrl `bb grl`{ v`glv `dk v`cd{bs qlrvndv" {els ven|bk dn{{ecdm {elhvlbzlv jrll" o|{ ven|bk rlh`cd lu{rlhlbs f`|{cn|v `on|{ ol`|{cj|b

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vm`ddl‛weld j|bbs kcvfe`rglk= rl{`vc‛{el vlhld= v`ó‛Bnrk Çcz`=`q`çs`{‛v`w= ë{hëd`h‛ecv nwd vlbj= klz`(hës`së‛os {el hësë nj {elV|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k= i`ÿãmì{`h‛e`k olfnhl zcf{chcylk `v ` jnnb=dìq`(çrlðúe`‛N olv{ nj mcdgv %Hèërëi` Q`rãmðc{#= v`dds`z`r{`{`‛rlv{r`cdlkechvlbj j|r{elr= m`çh`bë{‛jrnh cbb|vcnd$

[_@DVB@[CND

N Hèërëi` Q`rãmðc{" olv{ nj mcdgv" weld Bnrk Çcz` e`k j|bbs kcvfe`rglkvlhld" el fn|bk vll enw el echvlbj e`k olld zcf{chcylk os {el cbb|vcnd frl`{lkos {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$ [e|v el rlv{r`cdlk echvlbj jrnh `ds




<<0

j|r{elr hësë$

Q\_QN_[

Ndfl ndl cv `gc{`{lk os b|v{s klvcrlv |qnd vllcdg ` wnh`d" {envl klvcrlvcdfrl`vl hnrl `dk hnrl" o|{ weld vlhld cv kcvfe`rglk cd {el `f{ nj vlu" {elb|v{s klvcrlv kchcdcve$ [el v`hl qrcdfcqbl `f{lk |qnd Bnrk Çcz`$ El w`v`bb|rlk os {el ol`|{cj|b wnh`d Hnecdã(hòr{c" o|{ weld ecv vlhld e`k olldj|bbs kcvfe`rglk" el f`hl {n ecv vldvlv `dk rl`bcylk enw el e`k olld zcf{chcylk`v vnnd `v el v`w {el wnh`d cd {el jnrlv{$ Cj ndl cv {r`cdlk {n qrn{lf{ ecvvlhld os novlrzcdg flbco`fs" d`{|r`bbs el cv dn{ `{{r`f{lk os {el ol`|{s nj `

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[LU[ 6:

@P``zG`[`H`è`[HS` @`[H`D``l I`G`k`[H`D`/ #@Q`crilS`zpS`_VS` D` H`lD`l [`k|e`k%4`|[`H`% ## 6: ##

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hldl‛kck fndvcklr= {`{‛{el hcr`f|bn|v `f{czc{clv nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{snj Gnkel`k cd olwcbklrcdg ech= | e`‛flr{`cdbs= `koe|{`h‛`v wndklrj|b$

[_@DVB@[CND

[e|v Bnrk Çcz` fn|bk |dklrv{`dk ecv qnvc{cnd `dk {e`{ nj {el V|qrlhlQlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" wen e`v |dbchc{lk qn{ldfclv$ E`zcdg rl`felk {ecv|dklrv{`dkcdg" el w`v dn{ `{ `bb v|rqrcvlk os {el wndklrj|b w`s Bnrk Zcðí|e`k `f{lk |qnd ech$

Q\_QN_[

[el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k cv mdnwd `v `bb(qnwlrj|b olf`|vl dnndl f`d luflb Ech cd `ds `f{czc{s$ Cd Oe`g`z`k(gã{ë %7$7# {el Bnrk v`sv" h`{{`ó

q`r`{`r`á dëds`{ mcîfck `v{c ke`d`îi`s`9 /N fndp|lrnr nj wl`b{e" {elrl cv dn{r|{e v|qlrcnr {n Hl$/ Dn ndl f`d lp|`b {el Bnrk nr ol grl`{lr {e`d Ech" jnrEl cv {el h`v{lr nj lzlrsndl$ @v v{`{lk cd F`c{`ds`(f`rc{ëhì{` %Ëkc <$0;?#"lm`bl ãçz`r` mìðí`" ër` v`o` oeì{s`$ [el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k"Mìðí`" cv {el ndbs h`v{lr nj lzlrsndl" cdfb|kcdg lzld Bnrk Çcz`" we`{ {n vql`m

nj n{elrv$ Bnrk Çcz` w`v `brl`ks `w`rl nj {el v|qrlhl qnwlr nj Bnrk Zcðí|"o|{ weld el w`v `f{|`bbs q|{ cd{n olwcbklrhld{" el jlb{ qrn|k {n e`zl v|fe `dlu`b{lk h`v{lr$

[LU[ 67

[`H`cz%f#(zH`zXpAH``b.-S` H`K`|V`\kD`/ #nz`f Q`rH`Q ]p[` l co4 X[Vz * Q` Lìyp* [`D |H % ## 67 ##

{`h `zcmb`z`h `zrãÿ`hëb`mðs` h`ke|vòk`d`ó

|zëf` q`r`h`(qrã{n




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ocoer`{ vzëá q`|r|ðãá {`d|h

VSDNDSHV

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[_@DVB@[CND

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Q\_QN_[

@b{en|ge Bnrk Çcz` w`v `ge`v{ `{ {el qn{ldfs nj Bnrk Zcðí|" el kck dn{jllb `ve`hlk$ _`{elr" el w`v qrn|k {n ol kljl`{lk os Bnrk Zcðí|$ Dn{ecdg cv

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[LU[ 65

ã]p4`G`z`D`|z`f




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ckès` [z* czo|K`ã]lî Vz * cD`î`H``[H`D`` cVP`[`/ #S`DH`l ðpêQ`S`` VzLr* H``lce[``l^QS`%r# H``S`S`` ## 65 ##

çrã(oe`g`zëd |zëf`kcðúsë {z`á zco|ke`(çrlðúe`

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VSDNDSHV

çrã(oe`g`zëd |zëf`‛{el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k v`ck= kcðúsë‛`bb`|vqcfcn|vdlvv= {z`h‛|d{n sn|= zco|ke`(çrlðúe`‛N olv{ nj `bb {el klhcgnkv=vzëh‛cd sn|r nwd= dcðúeëh‛jculk vc{|`{cnd= ë{h`dë‛nj sn|r nwd vlbj=v{ec{`ó‛sn| `rl vc{|`{lk= s`{‛`v= hl‛Hcdl= v{rã(ròq`së‛`qql`r`dfl bcml `wnh`d= vz`cr`h‛v|jjcfcld{bs= hnec{`ó‛ldfe`d{lk= `qc‛cd vqc{l nj=`âg`‛N Bnrk Çcz`= hës`së‛os Hs qn{ldfs$

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[el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k v`ck9 N olv{ nj {el klhcgnkv" `b{en|gesn| e`zl olld `hqbs e`r`vvlk olf`|vl nj Hs qn{ldfs cd `vv|hcdg {el jnrh nj `wnh`d" sn| `rl lv{`obcvelk cd sn|r qnvc{cnd$ [elrljnrl" h`s `bb gnnk jnr{|dl ol|qnd sn|$

Q\_QN_[

Vcdfl Bnrk Çcz` cv {el olv{ nj {el klhcgnkv" el cv {el olv{ nj `bb klzn{llv

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{n ech$/ [ecv q`r{c`bc{s nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k cv d`{|r`b$ @qlrvnd f`rlv jnr ecv fecbkrld dn{ olf`|vl nj q`r{c`bc{s o|{ cd ` rlfcqrnf`{cnd nj bnzl$ [el fecbkrld klqldk nd {el j`{elr'v `jjlf{cnd" `dk {el j`{elr`jjlf{cnd`{lbs h`cd{`cdv {el fecbkrld$ Vchcb`rbs" olf`|vl klzn{llv kn dn{ mdnw`ds{ecdg o|{ {el bn{|v jll{ nj {el Bnrk" {el Bnrk cv `bw`sv qrlq`rlk {n gczlqrn{lf{cnd {n Ecv klzn{llv `dk j|bjcbb {elcr klvcrlv$ El {elrljnrl v`sv" m`|d{ls`

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06$ Klvfrcq{cnd nj J|{|rl H`d|v

Nj {el jn|r{lld H`d|v" vcu H`d|v e`zl `brl`ks olld klvfrcolk$ Dnw" {ecvfe`q{lr wcbb fndvlf|{czlbs klvfrcol l`fe H`d| jrnh {el vlzld{e {n {eljn|r{lld{e$

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Zcçzëhc{r`" G`|{`h`" I`h`k`gdc `dk Oe`r`kzëi`$ K|rcdg {ecv qlrcnk nj H`d|"{el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k Zcðí| `qql`rv jrnh {el wnho nj @kc{c cdEcv cdf`rd`{cnd `v {el vnd nj M`çs`q`$

Cd {el qlrcnk nj {el lcge{e H`d|" {el H`d| cv Vëz`ríc$ Ecv vndv `rl el`klkos Dcrhnm`" `dk `hndg {el klhcgnkv `rl {el V|{`qëv$ O`bc" {el vnd nj Zcrnf`d`" cv Cdkr`" `dk Gëb`z` `dk Q`r`ç|rëh` `rl `hndg {el vlzld v`glv$ Cd{ecv `gl nj H`d|" {el cdf`rd`{cnd nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k`qql`rv `v Vërzòe`|h`" {el vnd nj Klz`g|es` `dk V`r`vz`{ã$

Cd {el qlrcnk nj {el dcd{e H`d|" {el H`d| cv K`mð`(vëz`ríc$ Ecv vndv `rlel`klk os Oeò{`ml{|" `dk `hndg {el klhcgnkv `rl {el H`rãfcg`roe`v$

@koe|{` cv Cdkr`" `dk `hndg {el vlzld v`glv cv Ks|{chëd$ Cd {ecv qlrcnk nj H`d|" {el cdf`rd`{cnd Ìðòe` cv onrd nj Ës|ðhëd `dk @ho|keërë$

Cd {el qlrcnk nj {el {ld{e H`d|" {el H`d| cv Orèh`(vëz`ríc$ @hndg ecvvndv cv Oeòrcðlí`" `dk {el vlzld v`glv `rl E`zcðhëd `dk n{elrv$ @hndg {elklhcgnkv `rl {el V|zëv`d`v" `dk Ç`hoe| cv Cdkr`$ [el cdf`rd`{cnd cd {ecvqlrcnk nj H`d| cv Zcðz`mvld`" wen cv ` jrcldk nj Ç`hoe| `dk wen cv onrd jrnh{el wnho nj Zcðòfã cd {el en|vl nj ` orëeh`í` d`hlk Zcçz`vr`ðúë$

Cd {el qlrcnk nj {el lblzld{e H`d|" {el H`d| cv Ke`rh`(vëz`ríc" wen e`v

{ld vndv" el`klk os V`{s`ke`rh`$ @hndg {el klhcgnkv `rl {el Zce`âg`h`v"Cdkr` cv mdnwd `v Z`ckeì{`" `dk {el vlzld v`glv `rl @r|í` `dk n{elrv$ Cd {ecvh`dz`d{`r`" {el cdf`rd`{cnd cv Ke`rh`vl{|" wen cv onrd nj Z`ckeì{ë `dkËrs`m`$

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V|dì{ë$ Ecv j`{elr'v d`hl cv V`{s`vèë$Cd {el qlrcnk nj {el {ecr{lld{e H`d|" {el H`d| cv Klz`(vëz`ríc$ @hndg

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ecv vndv `rl \r| `dk G`hoeãr`" {el klhcgnkv `rl {el Q`zc{r`v `dk n{elrv"Cdkr` cv Ç|fc" `dk `hndg {el v`glv `rl @gdc `dk Oëe|$ [el cdf`rd`{cnd nj {ecvh`dz`d{`r` cv mdnwd `v Oìe`koeëd|$ El cv onrd nj V`{rës`í` jrnh {el wnhonj Zc{ëdë$

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Cd {ecv h`dz`d{`r`" N Mcdg" {el Ëkc{s`v" {el Z`v|v" {el _|kr`v" {elZcçzlklz`v" {el H`r|{v" {el {wn @çzcdã(m|hër` orn{elrv `dk {el Ìoe|v `rl {elklhcgnkv$ [elcr el`k mcdg ]Cdkr`X cv Q|r`dk`r`$

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vëz`rícv {`q`{ã m`dsëoeërsë v`áz`r`í`vs` sëç`d`cçf`r`v {ì{ãsn 'oeòk`çzcd`| z`ÿ`zë{hì`|

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Feësë e`k ` vnd d`hlk Vëz`ríc `dk ` k`|ge{lr d`hlk [`q`{ã" wen b`{lrolf`hl {el wcjl nj Mcdg V`áz`r`í`$ Feësë'v {ecrk fecbk cv mdnwd `v Ç`d`cçf`r`]V`{|rdX$ Z`ÿ`zë g`zl ocr{e {n {wn vndv" d`hlbs {el @çzcdã orn{elrv$

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[_@DVB@[CND

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[LU[ 05




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e`zcðhëd v|mì{`ó v`{sn i`sn hòr{cv {`kë kzciëóv|zëv`d`(zcr|kkeëksë

klzëó ç`hoe|ó v|rlçz`r`ó

VSDNDSHV

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[_@DVB@[CND

E`zcðhëd" V|mì{`" V`{s`" I`s`" Hòr{c `dk n{elrv wcbb ol {el vlzld v`glv" {elV|zëv`d`v `dk Zcr|kke`v wcbb ol `hndg {el klhcgnkv" `dk Ç`hoe| wcbb ol {elcr

mcdg" Cdkr`$

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czYzMV lD` l czy\FS` * [ | U`H4` l/ V`9S * m(crYS`c[` #I``[`/ Vz`*U`lD` 4`G`z`DG`)el czâV`)I``l cz4`|/ ## ?6 ##

zcðz`mvldn zcðòfsëá {|

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gìel zcçz`vìin zcoe|ó




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VSDNDSHV

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[_@DVB@[CND

Cd {el enhl nj Zcçz`vr`ðúë" ` qbld`rs qnr{cnd nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s njGnkel`k wcbb `qql`r jrnh {el wnho nj Zcðòfã `v {el cdf`rd`{cnd mdnwd `vZcðz`mvld`$ El wcbb h`ml jrcldkv wc{e Ç`hoe|$

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H`D`|zş K`H`_V``zc2`_rlm(`kU`H` @`[H`z`D`% #@D``G`[``V[`[V`|[``é V`[S`K`H``_kS``l kU` ## ?; ##

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VSDNDSHV

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zce`âg`hëó mëh`g`hëdcrzëí`r|f`s`ó v|rëó

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VSDNDSHV

zce`âg`hëó‛{el Zce`âg`h`v= mëh`g`hëó‛{el Mëh`g`h`v=dcrzëí`r|f`s`ó‛{el Dcrzëí`r|fcv= v|rëó‛{el klhcgnkv= cdkr`ó‛{el mcdg nj el`zld" Cdkr`= f`‛`bvn= z`ckeì{`ó‛Z`ckeì{`= {lðëh‛nj {elh= ìð`s`ó‛{elvlzld v`glv= f`‛`bvn= `r|í`(ëk`s`ó‛el`klk os @r|í`$

[_@DVB@[CND

[el Zce`âg`h`v" Mëh`g`h`v" Dcrzëí`r|fcv `dk n{elrv wcbb ol {el klhcgnkv$[el mcdg nj {el klhcgnkv" Cdkr`" wcbb ol Z`ckeì{`" `dk {el vlzld v`glv wcbb olel`klk os @r|í`$

[LU[ ?:




<5:

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VSDNDSHV

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[_@DVB@[CND

[el vnd nj Ërs`m` mdnwd `v Ke`rh`vl{|" ` q`r{c`b cdf`rd`{cnd nj {el

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[LU[ ?7

4`cz[`` ìkXV``z2`v r`I`DÒ`kU`H` l H`D`|/ #klzz`D |Q`klzé klzã]lî`kS`/ V |[``/ ## ?7 ##

oe`zc{ë r|kr`(vëz`ríãrëi`d kzëk`ç`hn h`d|ó

klz`zëd |q`klz`ç f`klz`çrlðúeëk`s`ó v|{ëó




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cx`c4`/ §(H`LrV`D[`|è`l ÒpQ`lD``cQ` D` Q`\S`_[`l #D`zzy_V`H l[ lD` V`àÒpQ`zrlFTS`` ## ?? ##

{rcoecó mr`h`cr `v`d{|ðúnkzãqldëqc d` qòrs`{ld`z`(z`rð`(v`hl{ld`

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VSDNDSHV

{rcoecó‛{erll= mr`h`có‛os v{lqv= `v`d{|ðú`ó‛ndl wen cv kcvv`{cvjclk=kzãqld`‛os ` fnhqbl{l cvb`dk= `qc‛`b{en|ge= d` qòrs`{l‛f`ddn{ olv`{cvjclk= d`z`(z`rð`(v`hl{ld`‛lzld os qnvvlvvcdg dcdl z`rð`v=v`q{`(kzãq`(z`r`(cffe`së‛os {el klvcrl {n {`ml qnvvlvvcnd nj vlzld cvb`dkv$

[_@DVB@[CND

Cj C wlrl dn{ v`{cvjclk wc{e {erll q`flv nj b`dk" {eld v|rlbs C wn|bk dn{ olv`{cvjclk lzld wc{e qnvvlvvcdg ndl nj {el vlzld cvb`dkv" fndvcv{cdg nj dcdl z`rð`v$Lzld cj C qnvvlvvlk ndl cvb`dk" C wn|bk enql {n gl{ n{elrv$

[LU[ ?6

V`àÒpQ``cK`Q`[`S``l D`)Q`` zL2S`G`S``kS`/ #

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dìqë z`cís`(g`sëk`s`ó




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VSDNDSHV

v`q{`(kzãq`(`kecq`{`s`ó‛{envl wen `rl qrnqrcl{nrv nj {el vlzld cvb`dkv=dìqëó‛v|fe mcdgv= z`cís`(g`s`(ëk`s`ó‛Hèërëi` Qì{e|" Hèërëi` G`s` `dkn{elrv= `r{e`có‛jnr j|bjcbbhld{ nj `hoc{cnd= mëh`có‛jnr v`{cvjscdg ndl'vklvcrlv= g`{ëó d`‛fn|bk dn{ rl`fe= `d{`h‛{el ldk= {ìðíësëó‛nj {elcr`hoc{cndv= c{c‛{e|v= d`ó‛os \v= çr|{`h‛e`v olld el`rk$

[_@DVB@[CND

Wl e`zl el`rk {e`{ `b{en|ge qnwlrj|b mcdgv bcml Hèërëi` Qì{e| `dkHèërëi` G`s` `feclzlk qrnqrcl{nrvecq nzlr {el vlzld kzãq`v" {els fn|bk dn{`feclzl v`{cvj`f{cnd nr jcdk {el ldk nj {elcr `hoc{cndv$

[LU[ ?;

S`k)FTS``lQ`Q`álD` V`D[`|è`l z[`_[`l V`|,H`% #D``V`D[ |ècðc4`b. l_mL(rcI`[``[H` lQ`V``ck[ L/ ## ?; ##

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73;

kcvv`{cvjclk= {rcoecó bnm`có‛lzld os qnvvlvvcdg {el {erll wnrbkv=ìc{`(ë{hë‛ndl wen f`ddn{ fnd{rnb ecv vldvlv= |q`vëkc{`có‛lzld {en|geno{`cdlk$

[_@DVB@[CND

Ndl ven|bk ol v`{cvjclk wc{e we`{lzlr el `feclzlv os ecv qrlzcn|v klv{cds"jnr kcvfnd{ld{ f`d dlzlr orcdg e`qqcdlvv$ @ qlrvnd wen cv dn{ vlbj(fnd{rnbblkwcbb dn{ ol e`qqs lzld wc{e qnvvlvvcdg {el {erll wnrbkv$

Q\_QN_[

Cj e`qqcdlvv cv {el |b{ch`{l gn`b nj bcjl" ndl h|v{ ol v`{cvjclk wc{e {elqnvc{cnd cd wecfe el cv qb`flk os qrnzckldfl$ [ecv cdv{r|f{cnd cv `bvn gczld osQrèbëk` Hèërëi`9

v|me`h `cdkrcs`m`á k`c{sëkle`(sngld` klecdëh

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el wcbb `feclzl |dbchc{lk obcvvj|b bcjl$

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VSDNDSHV

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VSDNDSHV

s`kìffeë(bëoe`({|ðú`vs`‛wen cv v`{cvjclk os {ecdgv no{`cdlk os {el gr`fl nj Gnk= {li`ó‛{el orcbbc`d{ ljj|bgldfl= zcqr`vs`‛nj ` orëeh`í`=z`rke`{l‛cdfrl`vlv= {`{‛{e`{ %ljj|bgldfl#= qr`çëhs`{c‛cv kchcdcvelk=`v`d{nðë{‛olf`|vl nj kcvv`{cvj`f{cnd= `hoe`vë‛os qn|rcdg nj w`{lr= cz`‛`v=ëç|ç|mð`ícó‛` jcrl$

[_@DVB@[CND

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[LU[ ?5

ã]pã|m( nz`fw[S | (/ V` eV`áè zÈT`[`/ Q ]c[`G )ó[``H % #

z`H`D``S` Hèp* k`[`|* I`G`Xè I`b.4`Ì`D`H`% ## ?5 ##

çrã(ç|m` |zëf`c{s |m{`ó v` e`v`dd ëe`

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733

VSDNDSHV

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Ç|m`klz` Gnvzëhã fnd{cd|lk9 Weld {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k

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[LU[ ?3

czY2`zl -H``* Q`]k`VS`D[`H`|U`D`` @V`|rlârH`% #I``D *cém(Ccy_[ * czY2` l/ cU`YS * Q ] e czk * zr/ ## ?3 ##

zcðí`zl mðhëá qr`këvs`d{`h|ç`dë `v|rlçz`r`h

iëd`áç fcmãrðc{`á zcðínóçcðs`á qrëe` zckëá z`r`ó

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iëd`d‛mdnwcdg wlbb= fcmãrðc{`h‛we`{ w`v {el qb`d= zcðínó‛nj Bnrk Zcðí|=çcðs`h‛|d{n ecv kcvfcqbl= qrëe`‛v`ck= zckëh z`r`ó‛{el olv{ nj {el mdnwlrv




511

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[LU[ 61

ã]pã|§( nz`fWy zLr lfD l V``-``k% 4`G`z`cDzY2 |rZS`S`/ #m(US`Q``kck[ lI` _[` l klz`D` * m(`S _V``K`m(/ ## 61 ##

çrã(ç|mr` |zëf`lð` z`crnf`dl vëmðëk

oe`g`zëd zcðí|r `zs`s`óm`çs`qëk `kc{lr ië{n

klzëdëá mërs`(vëke`m`ó

VSDNDSHV

çrã(ç|mr`ó |zëf`‛Ç|mrëfërs` v`ck= lð`ó‛{ecv %ons cd {el jnrh nj ` kw`rj#=z`crnf`dl‛N vnd nj Zcrnf`d`= vëmðë{‛kcrlf{bs= oe`g`zëd‛{el V|qrlhlQlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k= zcðí|ó‛Bnrk Zcðí|= `zs`s`ó‛wc{en|{ kl{lrcnr`{cnd=m`çs`që{‛jrnh Ecv j`{elr" M`çs`q`= `kc{ló‛cd {el wnho nj Ecv hn{elr"@kc{c= ië{`ó‛w`v onrd= klzëdëh‛nj {el klhcgnkv= mërs`(vëke`m`ó‛wnrmcdg

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510

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[LU[ 60

Q`]c[`ã]|[`* [zS`L[`VH`L S`kD`P`_HÌ``D`[`` #D` V``K`| H`DS`l kL[S``D``* Hè`D`|Q`G`[``l^D`S`/ ## 60 ##

qr`{cçr|{`á {z`s`c{`vh`cs`k `d`r{e`h ìëd`{ëd` vëke| h`dsl k`c{sëdëá

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[LU[ 6?

Wy [`l VP``D`H`LâS` cã]S`* [`lI``l SÙ`/ ã]|[`H`% #




51?

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hësë(hëí`z`mn e`rcó

VSDNDSHV

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[ecv qlrvnd j`bvlbs `qql`rcdg `v ` orèh`fërã cv `f{|`bbs {el V|qrlhl

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Q\_QN_[

Çrãb` Zcçz`dë{e` F`mr`z`r{ã Úeëm|r` luqb`cdv cd {ecv rlg`rk {e`{ {el zlrswnrk e`rcó hl`dv /ndl wen {`mlv `w`s$/ Cj ndl fnddlf{v echvlbj wc{e E`rc" {elV|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" {el Bnrk {`mlv `w`s `bb ecv hcvlrclv" `dk cd

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516

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ech vqlfc`b j`znr os `qql`rcdg `v Bnrk Zëh`d` {n {`ml `w`s `bb ecv h`{lrc`bqnvvlvvcndv" `dk ecv hcdk `v wlbb$

[LU[ 66

cx`c4`/ §(H LcrH``ç lm(`cDzâm(`S`/ §(cH`YS`c[` #V`z_Vz* czY2`zl k{z` H \! zc[ _YS`V l m(P`H % ## 66 ##

{rcoecó mr`h`cr chëb bnmëdzcçz`(mës`ó mr`hcðs`{c

v`rz`vz`á zcðí`zl k`{{zëhòÿe` z`r{cðs`vl m`{e`h

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51;

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Sn| e`zl qrnhcvlk {n gczl Ech {erll v{lqv nj b`dk cd fe`rc{s" o|{ weld sn|gczl c{ El wcbb nff|qs {el {erll wnrbkv$ Sn| `rl ` r`vf`b! Sn| kn dn{ mdnwwe`{ ` grl`{ hcv{`ml sn| e`zl h`kl$ @j{lr gczcdg lzlrs{ecdg {n Bnrk Zcðí|"sn| wcbb e`zl dn hl`dv nj bczlbcennk$ Enw {eld ve`bb sn| bczl>

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O`bc Hèërëi` hcge{ `rg|l {e`{ el e`k qrnhcvlk ndbs {erll v{lqv nj b`dk$O|{ Ç|mrëfërs`" olcdg ` zlrs bl`rdlk orëeh`í`" chhlkc`{lbs |dklrv{nnk {e`{

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[LU[ 6;

§(H`[` l G` * Q`kLml(D` cÒ[`pS lD` ckz* cz4` l/ #

,* f m(`S`lD` Hè[`` [``[`vS`VS` m|([``l G`c[`/ ## 6; ##mr`h`{n gëá q`k`cmld`kzc{ãsld` kcz`á zcoenó

me`á f` mësld` hè`{ë




51<

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[_@DVB@[CND

Zëh`d`klz` wcbb jcrv{ nff|qs {el {erll wnrbkv wc{e ndl v{lq" {eld El wcbb{`ml Ecv vlfndk v{lq `dk nff|qs lzlrs{ecdg cd n|{lr vq`fl" `dk {eld El wcbbluq`dk Ecv |dczlrv`b onks {n nff|qs lzlrs{ecdg$ Welrl wcbb sn| njjlr Ech {el{ecrk v{lq>

Q\_QN_[

Ç|mrëfërs` w`d{lk {n {lbb O`bc Hèërëi` enw el wn|bk ol fel`{lk os Bnrk

Zëh`d`$ /Sn| e`zl qrnhcvlk {erll v{lqv"/ el v`ck$ /O|{ wc{e ndbs {wn v{lqv" `bbsn|r qnvvlvvcndv wcbb ol jcdcvelk$ Enw {eld wcbb sn| gczl Ech ` qb`fl jnr Ecv{ecrk v{lq>/ Ç|mrëfërs` kck dn{ mdnw enw {el Bnrk qrn{lf{v Ecv klzn{ll$ [elklzn{ll h|v{ rcvm lzlrs{ecdg cd ecv qnvvlvvcnd jnr {el vlrzcfl nj {el Bnrk" o|{el cv `bw`sv qrn{lf{lk `dk dlzlr kljl`{lk$ Os h`{lrc`bcv{cf f`bf|b`{cndv"Ç|mrëfërs` {en|ge{ {e`{ O`bc Hèërëi` wn|bk |dklr dn fcrf|hv{`dflv ol òbl{n mllq ecv qrnhcvl {n {el orèh`fërã" Bnrk Zëh`d`klz`$

[LU[ 6<

cD`î`* [`l D`rml( H`DS`l óQ`]k`[`|/ Q`]c[`ã]|[`H`% #




51:

Q`]c[`ã]|[`VS` S``l^D`pU`/ Q`]c[`Q``kcS`[`|* 4`z`D`% ## 6< ##

dcðúeëá {l d`r`ml h`dsles `qr`kë{|ó qr`{cçr|{`h qr`{cçr|{`vs` sn 'dãç`ó qr`{cqëk`sc{|á oe`zëd

VSDNDSHV

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olld qrnhcvlk= qr`{cçr|{`vs`‛nj {el qrnhcvl ndl e`v h`kl= s`ó `dãç`ó‛ndlwen cv |dòbl= qr`{cqëk`sc{|h‛{n j|bjcbb qrnqlrbs= oe`zëd‛sn| `rl {e`{qlrvnd$

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Sn| wcbb flr{`cdbs ol |dòbl {n j|bjcbb sn|r qrnhcvl" `dk C {ecdm {e`{ olf`|vlnj {ecv cdòcbc{s sn|r l{lrd`b rlvckldfl wcbb ol cd elbb$

[LU[ 6:

D` [`Ü`D`* Q`]U`*V`cD[` S`lD` z)c{`cz_Q`Ý[`l #k`D * SìV[`Q`/ m(H _ b. lml( z)c{`H`[` l S`[`/ ## 6: ##

d` {`k këd`á qr`ç`áv`d{csld` zì{{cr zcq`ks`{l

këd`á sìî`v {`q`ó m`rh`bnml zì{{ch`{n s`{`ó

VSDNDSHV




517

d`‛dn{= {`{‛{e`{= këd`h‛fe`rc{s= qr`ç`áv`d{c‛{el v`cd{bs qlrvndv qr`cvl=sld`‛os wecfe= zì{{có‛ndl'v bczlbcennk= zcq`ks`{l‛olfnhlv ldk`dglrlk=këd`h‛fe`rc{s= sìî`ó‛v`frcjcfl= {`q`ó‛`|v{lrc{s= m`rh`‛jr|c{czl`f{czc{clv= bnml‛cd {ecv wnrbk= zì{{ch`{`ó‛`ffnrkcdg {n ndl'v hl`dv nj bczlbcennk= s`{`ó‛`v c{ cv vn$

[_@DVB@[CND

Bl`rdlk vfenb`rv kn dn{ qr`cvl {e`{ fe`rc{s wecfe ldk`dglrv ndl'v nwdbczlbcennk$ Fe`rc{s" v`frcjcfl" `|v{lrc{s `dk jr|c{czl `f{czc{clv `rl qnvvcobl jnrndl wen cv fnhql{ld{ {n l`rd ecv bczlbcennk qrnqlrbs$ ][els `rl dn{ qnvvcobl jnr

ndl wen f`ddn{ h`cd{`cd echvlbj$X

[LU[ 67

K`H``_S` SÙ`V`l^P``_S` m(`H``S` VzI`D``S` f #Q`ËK`` cz4Ì`cDz{`cHè`H`|x` f H``lk[`l ## 67 ##

ke`rhës` s`ç`vl 'r{eës`mëhës` vz`(i`dës` f`

q`îf`keë zcoeì`d zc{{`hceëh|{r` f` hnk`{l

VSDNDSHV

ke`rhës`‛jnr rlbcgcnd= s`ç`vl‛jnr ndl'v rlq|{`{cnd= `r{eës`‛jnr cdfrl`vcdgndl'v nq|bldfl= mëhës`‛jnr cdfrl`vcdg vldvl gr`{cjcf`{cnd= vz`(i`dës`

f`‛`dk jnr h`cd{`cdcdg ndl'v j`hcbs hlholrv= q`îf`keë‛jnr {elvl jczlkcjjlrld{ noilf{czlv= zcoeì`d‛kczckcdg= zc{{`h‛ecv `ff|h|b`{lk wl`b{e=ce`‛cd {ecv wnrbk= `h|{r`‛{el dlu{ wnrbk= f`‛`dk= hnk`{l‛el ldinsv$




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[elrljnrl weld {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k cv klfnr`{lk" {elklzn{llv `dk `bb bczcdg ld{c{clv `rl klfnr`{lk `|{nh`{cf`bbs$

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wecfe w`v j|bb nj vcu nq|bldflv$ [e`{ onks fnd{`cdlk lzlrs{ecdg wc{ecd {el|dczlrvl" cdfb|kcdg `bb {el grnvv h`{lrc`b lblhld{v" {el vldvlv" {el vldvl noilf{v"{el hcdk" cd{lbbcgldfl `dk j`bvl lgn" {el z`rcn|v mcdkv nj bczcdg ld{c{clv" `dk {el`f{cndv `dk rl`f{cndv nj {el {erll hnklv nj h`{lrc`b d`{|rl$

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5<0

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5<6

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klhcgnk nj w`{lr" Z`r|í`klz`" nd Ecv lslornwv wlrl {el rlg|b`{czl qrcdfcqblv"`dk nd Ecv lslbckv wlrl k`s `dk dcge{$ ]Weld Ecv lslv wlrl nqld c{ w`vk`s{chl" `dk weld {els wlrl fbnvlk c{ w`v dcge{$X Nd Ecv jnrlel`k w`v `dglr"`dk nd Ecv bcqv w`v grllk$ N Mcdg" cd Ecv {n|fe wlrl b|v{s klvcrlv" cd Ecvvlhld wlrl `bb {el w`{lrv" nd Ecv o`fm w`v crrlbcgcnd" `dk cd Ecv wndklrj|b`f{czc{clv nr v{lqv w`v {el jcrl nj v`frcjcfl$ Nd Ecv ve`knw w`v kl`{e" cd Ecvvhcbl w`v {el cbb|vnrs ldlrgs" `dk nd {el e`crv nj Ecv onks wlrl `bb {el kr|gv`dk elrov$ Cd Ecv zlcdv wlrl `bb {el rczlrv" nd Ecv d`cbv wlrl `bb {el v{ndlv" cd

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5<7

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VSDNDSHV

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5<5

[_@DVB@[CND

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5<3

q`k`á kzc{ãs`á mr`h`{`v {rczcðú`q`ád` z`c {ì{ãsës` {`kãs`h `íz `qc

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VSDNDSHV

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[_@DVB@[CND

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Q\_QN_[

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5:1

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5:0

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VSDNDSHV

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5:?

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5:6

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5:7

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5:5

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iëho`zëd ìmð`(rëi`v {|oelrã(çòk`cr h`dn(i`z`ó

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5:3

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[LU[ 3

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Weld {el klhndc`f jnbbnwlrv nj Hèërëi` O`bc v`w {e`{ {elcr h`v{lr" wene`k olld kl{lrhcdlk cd qlrjnrhcdg v`frcjcfl" e`k bnv{ `bb ecv qnvvlvvcndv {nZëh`d`klz`" wen e`k {`mld {elh `w`s nd {el qbl` nj olggcdg {erll q`flv njb`dk" {els wlrl zlrs `dgrs `dk vqnml `v jnbbnwv$

[LU[ 01

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571

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VSDNDSHV

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[LU[ 00

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570

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v`{s`(zr`{`vs`‛nj Hèërëi` O`bc" wen cv jculk cd {r|{ej|bdlvv=v`{`{`h‛`bw`sv= kãmðc{`vs`‛nj el wen w`v cdc{c`{lk cd{n qlrjnrhcdg sìî`=zcçlð`{`ó‛vqlfcjcf`bbs= d`‛dn{= `dì{`h‛|d{r|{e= oeëðc{|h‛{n vql`m=ç`ms`h‛cv òbl= orèh`ís`vs`‛{n {el orèhcdcf`b f|b{|rl" nr {n {el




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[LU[ 06

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c{s ës|keëdc i`gìe|ro`blr `d|f`rëv|rëó

VSDNDSHV

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576

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N Mcdg" weld {el `vvnfc`{lv nj Bnrk Zcðí| v`w {el vnbkclrv nj {el klhndvfnhcdg jnrw`rk cd zcnbldfl" {els vhcblk$ [`mcdg |q {elcr wl`qndv" {els jnro`kl{el klhndv {n fnd{cd|l {elcr `{{lhq{$

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D`Dk/ V |D`Dk l P` I`S` l czI`S`/ Q ]ob. l ob./ #m|(H |k/ m|(H |k`-`é czYzMV lD`/ Q`[`c[x`r`+% ## 0: ##

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d`dk`ó v|d`dkn '{e` i`snzci`s`ó qrò`bn o`b`ó

m|h|k`ó m|h|këmð`ç f`zcðz`mvld`ó q`{`{{rcrëú

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VSDNDSHV

d`dk`ó v|d`dk`ó‛{el `vvnfc`{lv nj Bnrk Zcðí| v|fe `v D`dk` `dk V|d`dk`=`{e`‛cd {ecv w`s= i`s`ó zci`s`ó qrò`b`ó o`b`ó m|h|k`ó m|h|këmð`ó f`zcðz`mvld`ó‛`v wlbb `v I`s`" Zci`s`" Qrò`b`" O`b`" M|h`k`" M|h|këmð` `dkZcðz`mvld`= q`{`{{rc(rëú‛G`r|ÿ`" {el mcdg nj {el ocrkv= i`s`d{`ó çr|{`klz`ó f`

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[_@DVB@[CND

D`dk`" V|d`dk`" I`s`" Zci`s`" Qrò`b`" O`b`" M|h|k`" M|h|këmð`"Zcðz`mvld`" Q`{`{{rcrëú ]G`r|ÿ`X" I`s`d{`" Çr|{`klz`" Q|ðq`k`d{` `dk Vë{z`{`wlrl `bb `vvnfc`{lv nj Bnrk Zcðí|$ [els wlrl `v qnwlrj|b `v {ld {en|v`dklblqe`d{v" `dk dnw {els olg`d mcbbcdg {el vnbkclrv nj {el klhndv$

[LU[ 05

eDS`H``D``D % Vzm(`D % k)ä` Q |ìy`D |frLo_cb./ #z`rS``H``V` V`*rOK``D`% m(`ZSÙ``Q`H`D`|VH`rD`% ## 05 ##

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57:

VSDNDSHV

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[_@DVB@[CND

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[LU[ 03

el czQ ]cf{ l el rè l el D lH l ã]\S`[` * zf/ #H`` S |KS`[` cD`z[ _Þ* D` D`/ m(`b. l S`H`P _m)([ % ## 03 ##

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VSDNDSHV

el zcqr`fc{{l‛N Zcqr`fc{{c= el rëen‛N _ëe|= el dlhl‛N Dlhc=

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577

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N Zcqr`fc{{c" N _ëe|" N Dlhc" qbl`vl el`r hs wnrkv! Knd'{ jcge{$ V{nqchhlkc`{lbs" jnr {el qrlvld{ {chl cv dn{ cd n|r j`znr$

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VSDNDSHV

s`ó qr`oe|ó‛{e`{ V|qrlhl Qlrvnd" {el h`v{lr= v`rz`(oeò{ëdëh‛nj `bb bczcdgld{c{clv= v|me`(k|óme`(|q`q`{{`sl‛jnr `khcdcv{lrcdg e`qqcdlvv `dk kcv{rlvv={`h‛Ech= d`‛dn{= `{cz`r{c{|h‛{n nzlrfnhl= k`c{sëó‛N klhndv=

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[_@DVB@[CND

N K`c{s`v" os e|h`d ljjnr{v dn ndl f`d v|qlrvlkl {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{snj Gnkel`k" wen f`d orcdg e`qqcdlvv `dk kcv{rlvv {n `bb bczcdg ld{c{clv$

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S``l D``l 4`z`S` Q`]`G``V`pk4`z`S` ckz`Lm(V``H`% #




575

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VSDNDSHV

s`ó‛{el {chl j`f{nr" wecfe rlqrlvld{v {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k=d`ó‛nj |v= oe`zës`‛jnr {el chqrnzlhld{= qrëm‛jnrhlrbs= ëvã{‛w`v

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[el v|qrlhl {chl j`f{nr" wecfe rlqrlvld{v {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd" w`v

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573

VSDNDSHV

o`bld`‛os h`{lrc`b qnwlr= v`fcz`có‛os {el fn|dvlb nj hcdcv{lrv=o|kkesë‛os cd{lbbcgldfl= k|rg`có‛os jnr{rlvvlv= h`d{r`(`|ð`ke`(ëkcoecó‛oshsv{cf fe`d{cdg nr {el cdjb|ldfl nj kr|gv `dk elrov= vëh`(ëkcoecó‛oskcqbnh`fs `dk n{elr v|fe hl`dv= |qës`có f`‛os vchcb`r n{elr `{{lhq{v=mëb`h‛{el {chl j`f{nr" rlqrlvld{cdg {el V|qrlhl Bnrk= d`‛dlzlr=`{sl{c‛f`d nzlrfnhl= z`c‛cdkllk= i`d`ó‛`ds qlrvnd$

[_@DVB@[CND

Dn ndl f`d v|rq`vv {el {chl rlqrlvld{`{cnd nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s njGnkel`k os h`{lrc`b qnwlr" os {el fn|dvlb nj hcdcv{lrv" os cd{lbbcgldfl" oskcqbnh`fs" os jnr{rlvvlv" os hsv{cf h`d{r`v" os kr|gv" os elrov nr os `ds n{elrhl`dv$

[LU[ ?6

4`zcÓcD _cI _[`` ól[ l oe|U` l D |fr` erl/ #kLzlD`ÚşV[` Wz`Ý S |cK` cI`[z` D`kcD[` D`/ ## ?6 ##

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551

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[_@DVB@[CND

Qrlzcn|vbs" olcdg lhqnwlrlk os qrnzckldfl" sn| kljl`{lk ` grl`{ d|holr njv|fe jnbbnwlrv nj Bnrk Zcðí|$ O|{ {nk`s {envl v`hl jnbbnwlrv" e`zcdg kljl`{lk|v" `rl rn`rcdg cd i|ocb`{cnd bcml bcndv$

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W[``D`% zS`* czI`lYS``H``l S`ck kLz* Q`]V`pkc[` #[`VH``[`% m(`b*. Q`][`p-`Þ* S``l D``l^P`_[z`S` m(BQ`[`l ## ?; ##

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VSDNDSHV

l{ëd‛`bb {elvl vnbkclrv nj {el klhcgnkv= z`s`h‛wl= zcilðsëh`ó‛ve`bb g`cd




550

zcf{nrs nzlr {elh= s`kc‛cj= k`cz`h‛qrnzckldfl= qr`vãk`{c‛cv cd j`znr={`vhë{‛{elrljnrl= mëb`h‛{e`{ j`znròbl {chl= qr`{ãmð`kez`h‛w`c{ |d{cb=s`ó‛wecfe= d`ó‛n|r= `r{e`{zës` m`bq`{l‛ven|bk ol fndvcklrlk cd n|r j`znr$

[_@DVB@[CND

\dblvv qrnzckldfl cv cd n|r j`znr" wl ve`bb dn{ ol òbl {n g`cd zcf{nrs$[elrljnrl wl h|v{ w`c{ jnr {e`{ j`znròbl {chl weld n|r kljl`{cdg {elh wcbb olqnvvcobl$

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VSDNDSHV

çrã(ç|m`ó |zëf`‛Çrã Ç|m`klz` Gnvzëhã v`ck= q`{s|ó‛nj {elcr h`v{lr %O`bcHèërëi`#= dcg`kc{`h‛we`{ e`k olld {e|v klvfrcolk= çr|{zë‛`j{lr el`rcdg=k`c{s`(këd`z`(sò{e`(qëó‛{el bl`klrv nj {el K`c{s`v `dk klhndv= r`vëh‛{el

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55?

[_@DVB@[CND

Ç|m`klz` Gnvzëhã fnd{cd|lk9 N Mcdg" cd `ffnrk`dfl wc{e {el nrklr nj {elcrh`v{lr" O`bc Hèërëi`" `bb {el fecljv nj {el klhndv `dk {el K`c{s`v ld{lrlk {elbnwlr rlgcndv nj {el |dczlrvl" {n wecfe {els wlrl krczld os {el vnbkclrv njZcðí|$

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VSDNDSHV

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[elrl`j{lr" nd {el k`s nj vnh`(qëd`" `j{lr {el v`frcjcfl w`v jcdcvelk"G`r|ÿ`" mcdg nj {el ocrkv" |dklrv{`dkcdg {el klvcrl nj ecv h`v{lr" `rrlv{lk O`bcHèërëi` wc{e {el rnqlv nj Z`r|í`$




556

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55;

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[LU[ 6?

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[_@DVB@[CND

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553

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zì{eë h`dnr`{e`v {`vs`

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531

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[LU[ 6;

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VSDNDSHV

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[_@DVB@[CND

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530

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Cd O`bc Hèërëi`'v ksd`v{s {elrl wlrl h`ds `v|r`v wen olf`|vl nj {elcrldhc{s {nw`rk Zcðí| e`k `feclzlk ` klv{cd`{cnd hnrl lu`b{lk {e`d {e`{ nj h`ds hsv{cf sngãv$ O`bc Hèërëi` vqlfcjcf`bbs rlhlholrlk {el kl{lrhcd`{cndnj Qrèbëk` Hèërëi` cd klzn{cnd`b vlrzcfl$ Fndvcklrcdg `bb {elvl qncd{v" elklfcklk {n gczl ecv el`k cd fe`rc{s `v {el qb`fl jnr Zcðí|'v {ecrk v{lq$ O`bcHèërëi` `bvn fndvcklrlk enw grl`{ qlrvnd`bc{clv gczl |q {elcr j`hcbsrlb`{cndvecqv `dk h`{lrc`b qnvvlvvcndv {n v`{cvjs {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$ Cdkllk" {els vnhl{chlv lzld v`frcjcfl {elcr bczlv jnr {el v`{cvj`f{cndnj {el Bnrk" i|v{ {n olfnhl Ecv qlrvnd`b vlrz`d{v$ @ffnrkcdgbs" os jnbbnwcdg cd{el jnn{v{lqv nj qrlzcn|v ëfërs`v `dk klzn{llv" O`bc Hèërëi` qlrflczlkechvlbj v|fflvvj|b$

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VSDNDSHV

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[LU[ 00

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315

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[LU[ 06

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[LU[ 07

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mër`í`á g|í`(v`âgn 'vs`v`k(`v`k(sndc(i`dh`v|

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3?:

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[_@DVB@[CND

Cj ` e|h`d olcdg cv onrd cd `d `rcv{nfr`{cf j`hcbs nr ` ecgelr v{`{|v nj bcjl" cj

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3?7

Q\_QN_[

Weld cd vqc{l nj qnvvlvvcdg `bb {elvl nq|bldflv ` qlrvnd cv dn{ qrn|k" {ecvhl`dv {e`{ el cv j|bbs `w`rl {e`{ `bb ecv nq|bldflv `rl k|l {n {el hlrfs nj {elV|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$ El {elrljnrl ldg`glv `bb ecv qnvvlvvcndv cd{el vlrzcfl nj {el Bnrk$ @ klzn{ll mdnwv zlrs wlbb {e`{ lzlrs{ecdg" lzld ecvonks" olbndgv {n {el V|qrlhl Bnrk$ Cj ndl bczlv qlrjlf{bs cd v|fe Mìðí`fndvfcn|vdlvv" c{ cv {n ol |dklrv{nnk {e`{ el cv lvqlfc`bbs j`znrlk os {elV|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$ [el fndfb|vcnd cv {e`{ ndl'v olcdg klqrczlknj ecv wl`b{e cv dn{ {n ol fndvcklrlk {el vqlfc`b hlrfs nj {el Bnrk$ Cj ndl

fnd{cd|lv cd ecv nq|bld{ qnvc{cnd o|{ knlv dn{ olfnhl |ddlflvv`rcbs qrn|k"j`bvlbs {ecdmcdg {e`{ el cv {el qrnqrcl{nr nj lzlrs{ecdg" {ecv cv {el Bnrk'v vqlfc`bhlrfs$

[LU[ ?7

H``D`V[`H4`cD`cH`{``D``* I`DH``kpD``* V`H`D[`[`/ #V`z_ã]lS`/Q ][`pQ``D``* eD[` H`|ólá H`[Q`r/ ## ?7 ##

hëd`(v{`hoe`(dchc{{ëdëá i`dhëkãdëá v`h`d{`{`óv`rz`(çrls`ó(qr`{ãqëdëá

e`d{` h|esld d` h`{(q`r`ó

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hëd`‛nj j`bvl qrlv{cgl= v{`hoe`‛olf`|vl nj {ecv chq|kldfl=

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3?5

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Q\_QN_[

Klzn{llv bcml Ker|z` Hèërëi`" wen w`v gczld |dbchc{lk h`{lrc`bnq|bldfl" e`zl {el vqlfc`b hlrfs nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$Ndfl M|zlr` w`d{lk {n gczl Ker|z` Hèërëi` ` oldlkcf{cnd" o|{ `b{en|geKer|z` Hèërëi` fn|bk e`zl `vmlk ech jnr `ds `hn|d{ nj h`{lrc`b nq|bldfl"el cdv{l`k olgglk M|zlr` {e`{ el hcge{ fnd{cd|l ecv klzn{cnd`b vlrzcfl {n {elV|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$ Weld ` klzn{ll cv jculk cd ecv klzn{cnd`bvlrzcfl" {elrl cv dn dllk jnr {el Bnrk {n klqrczl ech nj ecv h`{lrc`b nq|bldflv$[el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k dlzlr {`mlv `w`s h`{lrc`b nq|bldflv

`feclzlk olf`|vl nj klzn{cnd`b vlrzcfl" `b{en|ge El vnhl{chlv {`mlv `w`snq|bldflv `feclzlk os qcn|v `f{czc{clv$ El knlv {ecv {n h`ml ` klzn{ll qrcklblvvnr q|{ ech cd ` ol{{lr qnvc{cnd cd klzn{cnd`b vlrzcfl$ Cj ` vqlfc`b klzn{ll cvhl`d{ jnr qrl`fecdg o|{ knlv dn{ gczl |q ecv j`hcbs bcjl nr h`{lrc`b nq|bldflv{n {`ml {n {el vlrzcfl nj {el Bnrk" {el Bnrk v|rlbs {`mlv `w`s ecv h`{lrc`bnq|bldflv `dk lv{òbcvelv ech cd klzn{cnd`b vlrzcfl$ [e|v {el q|rl klzn{llolfnhlv j|bbs ldg`glk cd qrnq`g`{cdg Mìðí` fndvfcn|vdlvv$

[LU[ ?5

Wy k`D`zkL[S``D``H`G XD`p/ m(Cc[ _zK _D`/ #




3?3

@I`LypkI`S` * H``S``* V`pkácQ` D` H`|óc[` ## ?5 ##

lð` këd`z`(k`c{sëdëh`gr`dãó mãr{c(z`rke`d`óì`cðãk ì`sëá hësëávãk`dd `qc d` h|es`{c

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lð`ó‛{ecv O`bc Hèërëi`= këd`z`(k`c{sëdëh‛`hndg {el klhndv `dk|dolbclzlrv= `gr`dãó‛{el jnrlhnv{ klzn{ll= mãr{c(z`rke`d`ó‛{el hnv{

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ecv klzn{cnd`b vlrzcfl$

Q\_QN_[

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Gnkel`k$ O`bc Hèërëi` q`vvlk `bb v|fe lu`hcd`{cndv" `v luqb`cdlk cd {eljnbbnwcdg zlrvlv$

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361

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@b{en|ge olrlj{ nj ecv rcfelv" j`bbld jrnh ecv nrcgcd`b qnvc{cnd" kljl`{lk `dk




360

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Q\_QN_[

O`bc Hèërëi` q`vvlk {el vlzlrl {lv{ q|{ oljnrl ech os {el V|qrlhlQlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$ [ecv cv j|r{elr qrnnj nj {el Bnrk'v hlrfs {nw`rk Ecvklzn{ll$ [el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k vnhl{chlv q|{v ` klzn{ll {n

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[LU[ 60

Wy H`l Q`]`cQ`[`/ VP``D`* k|YQ`]`Q`H`H`rLrcQ` #V``z2`l_rD[`rVS``S`* 4`cz[`lDkX`l H`k`ã]S`/ ## 60 ##

lð` hl qrëqc{`ó v{eëd`ák|ðqrëq`h `h`r`cr `qcvëz`rílr `d{`r`vsës`á




36?

oe`zc{ldkrn h`k(ëçr`s`ó

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lð`ó‛O`bc Hèërëi`= hl‛os Hl= qrëqc{`ó‛e`v `feclzlk= v{eëd`h‛` qb`fl=k|ðqrëq`h‛lu{rlhlbs kcjjcf|b{ {n no{`cd= `h`r`có `qc‛lzld os {el klhcgnkv=vëz`ríló `d{`r`vs`‛k|rcdg {el qlrcnk nj {el H`d| mdnwd `v Vëz`ríc=`s`h‛{ecv O`bc Hèërëi`= oe`zc{ë‛wcbb olfnhl= cdkr`ó‛{el bnrk nj {elel`zldbs qb`dl{= h`{(ëçr`s`ó‛fnhqbl{lbs |dklr Hs qrn{lf{cnd$

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Q\_QN_[

[ecv cv {el hlrfs nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$ Lzld cj {el Bnrk{`mlv `w`s ` klzn{ll'v h`{lrc`b nq|bldflv" {el Bnrk chhlkc`{lbs njjlrv ech `

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Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k `vv|rlk O`bc Hèërëi` {e`{ el wn|bk `bw`sv rlh`cd|dklr {el Bnrk'v qrn{lf{cnd %h`k(ëçr`s`ó#$

[LU[ 6?




366

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[_@DVB@[CND

\d{cb O`bc H`eërëi` `feclzlv {el qnvc{cnd nj Mcdg nj el`zld" el ve`bb bczl nd{el qb`dl{ V|{`b`" wecfe w`v h`kl os Zcçz`m`rhë `ffnrkcdg {n Hs nrklr$

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365

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3<6

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qlrjlf{cnd ndl f`d `feclzl os kcvfe`rgcdg ecv qrlvfrcolk k|{clv `ffnrkcdg {nf`v{l kczcvcndv `dk nrklrv nj bcjl cv {n qbl`vl {el Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$/Lzlrs{ecdg cv hl`d{ {n v`{cvjs {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$ [elrljnrl"vcdfl O`bc H`eërëi` e`k v`{cvjclk {el Bnrk" el e`k dn j`|b{v" `dk Ç|mrëfërs``khc{{lk {e`{ f|rvcdg ech w`v dn{ gnnk$

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H`Dx`[`V[`Dx`[`cUTkX* klU`m(`b.`e_zV[ |[`/ #V`z m(r lc[` cD`cUTkXH`D |V`©p[ _D * [`z ## 0: ##

h`d{r`{`v {`d{r`{`ç feckr`áklç`(mëbëre`(z`v{|{`ó

v`rz`á m`rn{c dcçfeckr`h`d|v`âmãr{`d`á {`z`

VSDNDSHV

h`d{r`{`ó‛cd qrndn|dfcdg {el Zlkcf h`d{r`v chqrnqlrbs= {`d{r`{`ó‛cd

cdv|jjcfcld{ mdnwblkgl jnr jnbbnwcdg rlg|b`{czl qrcdfcqblv=feckr`h‛kcvfrlq`dfs= klç`‛cd {el h`{{lr nj fn|d{rs= mëb`‛`dk {chl=`re`‛`dk rlfcqcld{= z`v{|{`ó‛`dk q`r`qelrd`bc`= v`rz`h‛`bb {elvl=m`rn{c‛h`mlv= dcçfeckr`h‛wc{en|{ kcvfrlq`dfs=`d|v`âmãr{`d`h‛fndv{`d{bs fe`d{cdg {el enbs d`hl= {`z`‛nj Sn|r Bnrkvecq$

[_@DVB@[CND

[elrl h`s ol kcvfrlq`dfclv cd qrndn|dfcdg {el h`d{r`v `dk novlrzcdg {elrlg|b`{czl qrcdfcqblv" `dk" hnrlnzlr" {elrl h`s ol kcvfrlq`dfclv cd rlg`rk {n{chl" qb`fl" qlrvnd `dk q`r`qelrd`bc`$ O|{ weld Sn|r Bnrkvecq'v enbs d`hl cvfe`d{lk" lzlrs{ecdg olfnhlv j`|b{blvv$




3<3

{elrl cv v{cbb ` fe`dfl nj kcvfrlq`dfclv" `dk ndl ven|bk fnhqldv`{l jnr {ecv osfe`d{cdg {el enbs d`hl nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$ Cd n|r Mìðí`fndvfcn|vdlvv hnzlhld{ wl {elrljnrl gczl vqlfc`b v{rlvv {n {el fe`d{cdg nj {elE`rl Mìðí` h`d{r` cd `bb `f{czc{clv$

[LU[ 07

[`P``cQ` zk[``l 4`\H`D`% m(crYS``HS`D`|U``V`D`H`% #W[`FTRlS`/ Q`r* Q`|*V``* S`[`% [`z`i`D`|Q``b.D`H`% ## 07 ##

{`{eëqc z`k`{n oeòh`dm`rcðsëhs `d|çëv`d`hl{`f ferls`ó q`r`á q|ávëá

s`{ {`zëiîëd|qëb`d`h

VSDNDSHV

{`{eëqc‛`b{en|ge {elrl w`v dn j`|b{ nd {el q`r{ nj O`bc H`eërëi`=z`k`{`ó‛olf`|vl nj sn|r nrklr= oeòh`d‛N V|qrlhl= m`rcðsëhc‛C h|v{

lulf|{l= `d|çëv`d`h‛olf`|vl c{ cv Sn|r nrklr= l{`{‛{ecv cv= çrls`ó‛{e`{wecfe cv {el hnv{ `|vqcfcn|v= q`r`h‛v|qrlhl= q|ávëh‛nj `bb qlrvndv=s`{‛olf`|vl= {`z` ëiîë(`d|qëb`d`h‛{n nols Sn|r nrklr$

[_@DVB@[CND

Bnrk Zcðí|" C h|v{ dndl{elblvv `f{ cd nolkcldfl {n Sn|r nrklr olf`|vlnolscdg Sn|r nrklr cv hnv{ `|vqcfcn|v `dk cv {el jcrv{ k|{s nj lzlrsndl$

[LU[ 05

ã]pã|m( nz`f




3:1

Q`]c[`D`DÝ erlrì`H`|U`D`` 4`G`z`cD`c[` #SìcFTkX* V`H``K`{` obl.cz_Q ]cy_c4`/ Vè ## 05 ##

çrã(ç|m` |zëf` qr`{cd`dks` e`rlr ëiîëh

|ç`dë oe`g`zëd c{csìî`(ffeckr`á v`hëke`{{`

o`blr zcqr`rðcoecó vè`

VSDNDSHV

çrã(ç|m`ó |zëf`‛Çrã Ç|m`klz` Gnvzëhã v`ck= qr`{cd`dks`‛njjlrcdg `bbnolcv`dflv= e`rló‛nj {el Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k= ëiîëh‛{el nrklr=|ç`dëó‛Ç|mrëfërs`= oe`g`zëd‛{el hnv{ qnwlrj|b= c{c‛{e|v=sìî`(feckr`h‛kcvfrlq`dfclv cd {el qlrjnrh`dfl nj v`frcjcflv=v`hëke`{{`‛h`kl c{ ` qncd{ {n j|bjcbb= o`bló‛nj O`bc Hèërëi`=zcqr`(ìðcoecó‛{el olv{ orëeh`í`v= vè`‛`bndg wc{e$

[_@DVB@[CND

Ç|m`klz` Gnvzëhã fnd{cd|lk9 Cd {ecv w`s" {el hnv{ qnwlrj|b Ç|mrëfërs``fflq{lk {el nrklr nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k wc{e j|bb rlvqlf{$@bndg wc{e {el olv{ orëeh`í`v" el olg`d {n fnhqldv`{l jnr {el kcvfrlq`dfclv cd{el v`frcjcflv qlrjnrhlk os O`bc Hèërëi`$

[LU[ 03

Wz* obl.H _ep* rÌ`D % c4`c-`[z` z`H`D` l ecr/ #kk`L 4`X`x`l HèlDkX`S` cx`ckz* S`[`% Q`rLû_[`H`% ## 03 ##

lz`á o`blr hèãá rëi`d




3:0

oecmðc{zë zëh`dn e`rcók`k`| oerë{rl hèldkrës`{rckcz`á s`{ q`r`cr eì{`h

VSDNDSHV

lz`h‛{e|v= o`bló‛jrnh O`bc Hèërëi`= hèãh‛{el b`dk= rëi`d‛N McdgQ`rãmðc{= oecmðc{zë‛`j{lr olggcdg= zëh`d`ó‛Ecv Bnrkvecq Zëh`d`=e`rcó‛{el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k= k`k`|‛klbczlrlk= oerë{rl‛|d{nEcv orn{elr= hèë(cdkrës`‛Cdkr`" {el Mcdg nj el`zld= {rckcz`h‛{elqb`dl{`rs vsv{lh nj {el klhcgnkv= s`{‛wecfe= q`r`có‛os n{elrv= eì{`h‛w`v

{`mld$

[_@DVB@[CND

N Mcdg Q`rãmðc{" {e|v e`zcdg {`mld `bb {el b`dk nj O`bc Hèërëi` os olggcdg"{el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" Bnrk Zëh`d`klz`" klbczlrlk {n Ecvorn{elr Cdkr` `bb {el b`dk {`mld `w`s os Cdkr`'v ldlhs$

[LU[V ?1(?0

Q`]I``Q`c[`Q c[òX_õ` klzcy_cQ`[`)4`\cH`Q`L/ #k-`4`)Gzc%r#r`lH`|9S`L/ m|(H``rl2` 4`zlD` f ## ?1 ##

m(US`Q`VS``ck[`l/ Q`]p[S`L V`z_4`\[`4`z`S` f #b.`lm(`D``* b.`lm(Q` b.`D``H`m(r`lk% z`H`D`* Q`c[`H`% ## ?0 ##

qrìëq`{c(q`{cr orèhë

klz`rðc(qc{ì(oeòhcq`cók`mð`(oeìgz(`âgcrn(h|mes`có

m|hërlí` oe`zld` f`




3:?

m`çs`q`vsëkc{ló qrã{s`cv`rz`(oeò{`(oe`zës` f`

bnmëdëá bnm`(qëbëdëh`m`rnk zëh`d`á q`{ch

VSDNDSHV

qrìëq`{c(q`{có‛{el h`v{lr nj `bb Qrìëq`{cv= orèhë‛Bnrk Orèhë=klz`‛wc{e {el klhcgnkv= ìðc‛wc{e {el grl`{ v`cd{bs qlrvndv= qc{ì‛wc{e {elcdeòc{`d{v nj Qc{ìbnm`= oeòhcq`có‛wc{e {el H`d|v= k`mð`‛wc{e K`mð`=oeìg|‛wc{e Oeìg| H|dc= `âgcr`ó‛wc{e @âgcrë H|dc= h|mes`có‛wc{e `bb

{el fecljv nj {el z`rcn|v qb`dl{`rs vsv{lhv= m|hërlí`‛wc{e Mër{{cmls`=oe`zld`‛wc{e Bnrk Çcz`= f`‛`bvn= m`çs`q`vs`‛nj M`çs`q` H|dc= `kc{ló‛nj @kc{c= qrã{s`c‛j nr {el qbl`v|rl= v`rz`(oeò{`(oe`zës`‛jnr {el `|vqcfcn|vdlvvnj `bb bczcdg ld{c{clv= f`‛`bvn= bnmëdëh‛nj `bb qb`dl{`rs vsv{lhv=bnm`(qëbëdëh‛nj {el qrlknhcd`{cdg qlrvndv cd `bb qb`dl{v= `m`rn{‛h`kl=zëh`d`h‛Bnrk Zëh`d`= q`{ch‛{el v|qrlhl bl`klr$

[_@DVB@[CND

Bnrk Orèhë ]{el h`v{lr nj Mcdg K`mð` `dk `bb n{elr Qrìëq`{cvX"`ffnhq`dclk os `bb {el klhcgnkv" {el grl`{ v`cd{bs qlrvndv" {el cdeòc{`d{v njQc{ìbnm`" {el H`d|v" {el h|dcv" `dk v|fe bl`klrv `v K`mð`" Oeìg| `dk @âgcrë"`v wlbb `v Mër{{cmls` `dk Bnrk Çcz`" `fflq{lk Bnrk Zëh`d`klz` `v {el qrn{lf{nrnj lzlrsndl$ El kck {ecv jnr {el qbl`v|rl nj M`çs`q` H|dc `dk ecv wcjl @kc{c`dk jnr {el wlbj`rl nj `bb {el cdeòc{`d{v nj {el |dczlrvl" cdfb|kcdg {elcr z`rcn|vbl`klrv$

[LU[V ??(?6

zlk`D``* V`z_klz`D``* K`H`_VS` SÙ`V`/ cã]S`/ #




3:6

H`%r#b.`D``* zX[``D``* f m(BQ`* VzG``_Q`zG`_S``l/ ## ?? ##nQ`lDkX* m(BQ`S``* f§l( Q`c[`* V`z_cz4`\[`S`l #

[`k` V`z`_c2` 4`\[``cD` 4`)U`* H`|H`|ckrl D`)Q` ## ?6 ##zlkëdëá v`rz`(klzëdëáke`rh`vs` s`ç`v`ó çrcs`óh`âg`bëdëá zr`{ëdëá f`m`bq`á vz`rgëq`z`rg`snó

|qldkr`á m`bq`sëá f`mrl q`{cá v`rz`(zcoeò{`sl

{`kë v`rzëíc oeò{ëdcoeìç`á h|h|kcrl dìq`

VSDNDSHV

zlkëdëh‛%jnr {el qrn{lf{cnd# nj `bb {el Zlk`v= v`rz`(klzëdëh‛nj `bb {elklhcgnkv= ke`rh`vs`‛nj `bb qrcdfcqblv nj rlbcgcnd= s`ç`v`ó‛nj `bb j`hl=çrcs`ó‛nj `bb nq|bldflv= h`âg`bëdëh‛nj `bb `|vqcfcn|vdlvv= zr`{ëdëhf`‛`dk nj `bb znwv= m`bq`h‛{el hnv{ luqlr{= vz`rg`(`q`z`rg`snó‛nj lblz`{cnd {n {el el`zldbs qb`dl{v nr bcolr`{cnd jrnh h`{lrc`b ondk`gl=|qldkr`h‛Bnrk Zëh`d`klz`= m`bq`sëh f`mrl‛{els h`kl c{ {el qb`d=

q`{ch‛{el h`v{lr= v`rz`(zcoeò{`sl‛jnr `bb q|rqnvlv= {`kë‛`{ {e`{ {chl=v`rzëíc‛`bb= oeò{ëdc‛bczcdg ld{c{clv= oeìç`h‛zlrs h|fe=h|h|kcrl‛olf`hl e`qqs= dìq`‛N Mcdg$

[_@DVB@[CND

N Mcdg Q`rãmðc{" Cdkr` w`v fndvcklrlk {el Mcdg nj `bb {el |dczlrvl" o|{ {elklhcgnkv" el`klk os Bnrk Or`ehë" w`d{lk \qldkr`" Bnrk Zëh`d`klz`" `v {elqrn{lf{nr nj {el Zlk`v" {el qrcdfcqblv nj rlbcgcnd" j`hl" nq|bldfl"`|vqcfcn|vdlvv" znwv" lblz`{cnd {n {el ecgelr qb`dl{`rs vsv{lh" `dk bcolr`{cnd$




3:;

[e|v {els `fflq{lk \qldkr`" Bnrk Zëh`d`klz`" `v {el v|qrlhl h`v{lr njlzlrs{ecdg$ [ecv klfcvcnd h`kl `bb bczcdg ld{c{clv lu{rlhlbs e`qqs$

[LU[ ?;

[`[`cV[zDkX/ Q |rVm)([S` klzS``D lD` z`H`D`H % #b. lm(Q``bL.ck_z* cD`DS l oXõ2`` f`D |H` lck[`/ ## ?; ##

{`{`v {z cdkr`ó q|r`vmì{s`klz`(sëdld` zëh`d`h

bnm`(qëb`cr kcz`á dcdslorèh`íë fëd|hnkc{`ó

VSDNDSHV

{`{`ó‛{elrl`j{lr= {|‛o|{= cdkr`ó‛{el Mcdg nj el`zld= q|r`vmì{s`‛mllqcdgjnrw`rk= klz`(sëdld`‛os `d `crqb`dl |vlk os {el klhcgnkv= zëh`d`h‛BnrkZëh`d`= bnm`(qëb`có‛wc{e {el fecljv nj `bb n{elr qb`dl{v= kcz`h‛{n {elel`zldbs qb`dl{v= dcdsl‛orn|ge{= orèh`íë‛os Bnrk Orèhë= f`‛`bvn=

`d|hnkc{`ó‛olcdg `qqrnzlk$

[_@DVB@[CND

[elrl`j{lr" `bndg wc{e `bb {el bl`klrv nj {el el`zldbs qb`dl{v" Cdkr`" {elMcdg nj el`zld" qb`flk Bnrk Zëh`d`klz` oljnrl ech `dk" wc{e {el `qqrnz`b njBnrk Orèhë" orn|ge{ Ech {n {el el`zldbs qb`dl{ cd ` flblv{c`b `crqb`dl$

[LU[ ?<

Q ] QS` cx`4 |zD * flDkX nQ lDkX4 |I`Q``cb.[`/ #




3:<

cã]S`` Q`rH`S`` I`|è`l H`|H`|kl G`[`V``ÞV`/ ## ?< ##

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h|h|kl g`{`(vëkez`v`ó

VSDNDSHV

qrëqs`‛`j{lr no{`cdcdg= {rc(oe|z`d`h‛{el {erll wnrbkv= f`‛`bvn=cdkr`ó‛{el Mcdg nj el`zld= |qldkr`(oe|i`(qëbc{`ó‛olcdg qrn{lf{lk os {el

`rhv nj Zëh`d`klz`" \qldkr`= çrcsë‛os nq|bldfl= q`r`h`së‛os v|qrlhl= i|ðú`ó‛{e|v olcdg vlrzlk= h|h|kl‛ldinslk= g`{`(vëkez`v`ó‛wc{en|{ jl`rnj {el klhndv$

[_@DVB@[CND

Cdkr`" Mcdg nj el`zld" olcdg qrn{lf{lk os {el `rhv nj Zëh`d`klz`" {elV|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" {e|v rlg`cdlk ecv r|bl nj {el {erll wnrbkv `dk

w`v rlcdv{`{lk cd ecv nwd qnvc{cnd" v|qrlhlbs nq|bld{" jl`rblvv `dk j|bbsv`{cvjclk$

[LU[V ?:(?7

oXõ` U`z_/ m|(H``ré 4`)Gz`Ý` H`|D`S``l D`)Q` #cQ`[`r/ V`z_4 \[``cD` cV`Ú` zLH``cD`m(`é S l ## ?: ##V`|Hè[`% m(H`_ [`k% czY2``lG``_S`D[`/ Q`rH`k%4`|[`H`% #

cK`Y2S``cD` Vz`cD` [`l I`GH`|rckc[`* f UÙ`*cV`rl ## ?7 ##

orèhë ç`rz`ó m|hër`ç fòeìgz(ëksë h|d`sn dìq`




3::

qc{`r`ó v`rz`(oeò{ëdcvckkeë z`chëdcmëç f` sl

v|hè`{ m`rh` {`k zcðínrgës`d{`ó q`r`h `koe|{`hkecðísëdc vzëdc {l i`gh|r

`kc{cá f` ç`ç`ávcrl

VSDNDSHV

orèhë‛Bnrk Orèhë= ç`rz`ó‛Bnrk Çcz`= m|hër`ó f`‛`bvn Bnrk Mër{{cmls`=oeìg|(ëksëó‛el`klk os Oeìg| H|dc" ndl nj {el vlzld ìðcv= h|d`s`ó‛{el

v`cd{bs qlrvndv= dìq`‛N Mcdg= qc{`r`ó‛{el cdeòc{`d{v nj Qc{ìbnm`=v`rz`(oeò{ëdc‛n{elr bczcdg ld{c{clv= vckkeëó‛{el rlvckld{v nj Vckke`bnm`=z`chëdcmëó f`‛e|h`d olcdgv wen f`d {r`zlb lzlrswelrl cd n|{lr vq`fl os`crqb`dl= sl‛v|fe qlrvndv= v|hè`{‛ecgebs qr`cvlwnr{es= m`rh`‛`f{czc{clv={`{‛`bb {envl %`f{czc{clv#= zcðínó‛kndl os Bnrk Zcðí|= gës`d{`ó‛gbnrcjscdg=

q`r`h `koe|{`h‛|dfnhhnd `dk wndklrj|b= kecðísëdc‛{n {elcr rlvqlf{czlqb`dl{v= vzëdc‛nwd= {l‛`bb nj {elh= i`gh|ó‛klq`r{lk= `kc{ch f`‛`v wlbb `v@kc{c= ç`ç`ávcrl‛qr`cvlk `bb {elvl `f{czc{clv nj {el Bnrk$

[_@DVB@[CND

Bnrk Orèhë" Bnrk Çcz`" Bnrk Mër{{cmls`" {el grl`{ v`gl Oeìg|" n{elrv`cd{bs qlrvndv" {el cdeòc{`d{v nj Qc{ìbnm` `dk `bb n{elr bczcdg ld{c{clv qrlvld{"cdfb|kcdg {el cdeòc{`d{v nj Vckke`bnm` `dk bczcdg ld{c{clv wen {r`zlb cd n|{lrvq`fl os `crqb`dl" `bb gbnrcjclk {el |dfnhhnd `f{czc{clv nj Bnrk Zëh`d`klz`$ NMcdg" wecbl fe`d{cdg òn|{ `dk gbnrcjscdg {el Bnrk" {els rl{|rdlk {n {elcr

rlvqlf{czl el`zldbs qb`dl{v$ [els `bvn qr`cvlk {el qnvc{cnd nj @kc{c$

[LU[ ?5




3:7

V`z_H l[`DH`S``9S``[ * 4`z[`/ m|(b.D`DkD` #nì§(H`VS` fcr[`* ã]`l[`‹2``H`g`H``lfD`H`% ## ?5 ##

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çrn{åíëh `ge`(hnf`d`h

VSDNDSHV

v`rz`h‛`bb= l{`{‛{elvl cdfckld{v= h`së‛os hl= ëmesë{`h‛e`zl olld

klvfrcolk= oe`z`{`ó‛nj sn|= m|b`(d`dk`d`‛N Hèërëi` Q`rãmðc{" {elqbl`v|rl nj sn|r ksd`v{s= |r|mr`h`vs`‛nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k= f`rc{`h‛`f{czc{clv= çrn{åíëh‛nj {el `|kcldfl=`ge`(hnf`d`h‛v|fe el`rcdg nj {el Bnrk'v `f{czc{clv flr{`cdbs z`dp|cvelv {elrlv|b{v nj vcdj|b `f{czc{clv$

[_@DVB@[CND

N Hèërëi` Q`rãmðc{" qbl`v|rl nj sn|r ksd`v{s" C e`zl dnw klvfrcolk {n sn|lzlrs{ecdg òn|{ {el wndklrj|b `f{czc{clv nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s njGnkel`k Zëh`d`klz`$ [envl wen el`r òn|{ {ecv `rl flr{`cdbs jrllk jrnh `bb{el rlv|b{v nj vcdj|b `f{czc{clv$

[LU[ ?3

Q``r* H`ceH d nìcz§(H`[` l G )2``D` l

S`/ Q``cP`_z`cD` czH`H`l V` rI``*cV` H`[S`_/ #cm*( I``S`H``D` n[` I``[` nQ Lc[` H`[S _




3:5

w[S`è H`Dx`k)G`)cy/ Q`|ìyVS` S`VS` ## ?3 ##

qër`á hèchd` |r|zcmr`h`{n gìíëdns`ó qër{eczëdc zch`hl v` rìëávc h`r{s`ómcá iës`hëd` |{` ië{` |q`c{c h`r{s`

c{s ëe` h`d{r`(kìg ìðcó q|r|ð`vs` s`vs`

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ã]pV \[` nz`fw[S | ( l czY2 |r`[ lD` 4`G`z`D % o`kr`S`c2`/ #

nz`f fcr[ * czY2` lH _[VS`êQ l2` S`[ % m)([`H % ## ; ##

çrã(vò{` |zëf`c{s |m{n zcðí|(rë{ld`

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377

h`{vs`(ròqlí` s`{ mì{`h

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çrã(vò{`ó |zëf`‛Çrã Vò{` Gnvzëhã v`ck= c{c |m{`ó‛{e|v olcdg p|lv{cndlk=zcðí|(rë{ld`‛os H`eërëi` Q`rãmðc{" mdnwd `v Zcðí|rë{`= oe`g`zëd‛{el hnv{qnwlrj|b= oëk`rës`ícó‛{el vnd nj Zsëv`klz`" Ç|m`klz` Gnvzëhã=|zëf`‛v`ck= f`rc{`h‛{el q`v{chlv= zcðínó‛nj Bnrk Zcðí|=h`{vs`(ròqlí`‛os Ech cd {el jnrh nj ` jcve= s`{‛we`{lzlr= mì{`h‛w`vkndl$

[_@DVB@[CND

Vò{` Gnvzëhã v`ck9 Weld Q`rãmðc{ H`eërëi` {e|v cdp|crlk jrnh Ç|m`klz`Gnvzëhã" {e`{ hnv{ qnwlrj|b v`cd{bs qlrvnd olg`d klvfrcocdg {el q`v{chlv nj {elBnrk'v cdf`rd`{cnd `v ` jcve$

[LU[ <

ã]pã|m( nz`fG``lczQ`]V`|rV``K`\D``* TDkV``H`cQ` flâr/ #r-``cH`FT*V[`D`\K`_{`l K`H`_VS``P`_VS` fLz ce ## < ##

çrã(ç|m` |zëf`gn(zcqr`(v|r`(vëkeòdëáfe`dk`vëh `qc flçz`r`ó

r`mðëh cffe`áv {`dòr ke`{{l

ke`rh`vsër{e`vs` f`cz` ec

VSDNDSHV

çrã(ç|m`ó |zëf`‛Çrã Ç|m`klz` Gnvzëhã v`ck= gn‛nj {el fnwv= zcqr`‛nj {el




375

orëeh`í`v= v|r`‛nj {el klhcgnkv= vëkeòdëh‛`dk nj {el klzn{llv=fe`dk`vëh `qc‛lzld nj {el Zlkcf bc{lr`{|rl= f`‛`dk= ãçz`r`ó‛{el v|qrlhlfnd{rnbblr= r`mðëh‛{el qrn{lf{cnd= cffe`d‛klvcrcdg= {`dòó ke`{{l‛`fflq{v{el jnrhv nj cdf`rd`{cndv= ke`rh`vs`‛nj {el qrcdfcqblv nj rlbcgcnd=`r{e`vs`‛nj {el qrcdfcqblv nj {el q|rqnvl nj bcjl= f`‛`dk= lz`‛cdkllk=ec‛flr{`cdbs$

[_@DVB@[CND

Çrã Ç|m`klz` Gnvzëhã v`ck9 N Mcdg" jnr {el v`ml nj qrn{lf{cdg {el fnwv"orëeh`í`v" klhcgnkv" klzn{llv" {el Zlkcf bc{lr`{|rl" rlbcgcn|v qrcdfcqblv" `dk

qrcdfcqblv {n j|bjcbb {el q|rqnvl nj bcjl" {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k`fflq{v {el jnrhv nj cdf`rd`{cndv$

Q\_QN_[

[el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k gldlr`bbs `qql`rv cd z`rcn|v {sqlv nj cdf`rd`{cndv {n gczl qrn{lf{cnd {n {el fnwv `dk orëeh`í`v$ [el Bnrk cvklvfrcolk `v gn(orëeh`í`(ec{ës` f`= cd n{elr wnrkv" El cv `bw`sv l`glr {n

oldljc{ {el fnwv `dk orëeh`í`v$ Weld Bnrk Mìðí` `qql`rlk" El q|rqnvlj|bbsolf`hl ` fnwelrk ons `dk venwlk qlrvnd`bbs enw {n gczl qrn{lf{cnd {n {elfnwv `dk f`bzlv$ Vchcb`rbs" El venwlk rlvqlf{ {n V|këhë Zcqr`" ` rl`borëeh`í`$ Jrnh {el Bnrk'v qlrvnd`b `f{czc{clv" e|h`d vnfcl{s ven|bk bl`rd enw{n gczl qrn{lf{cnd vqlfcjcf`bbs {n {el orëeh`í`v `dk fnwv$ [eld {el qrn{lf{cndnj rlbcgcn|v qrcdfcqblv" j|bjcbbhld{ nj {el `ch nj bcjl `dk qrn{lf{cnd nj Zlkcfmdnwblkgl f`d ol `feclzlk$ Wc{en|{ qrn{lf{cnd nj fnwv" orèhcdcf`b f|b{|rlf`ddn{ ol h`cd{`cdlk= `dk wc{en|{ orèhcdcf`b f|b{|rl" {el `ch nj bcjl f`ddn{ol j|bjcbblk$ [el Bnrk" {elrljnrl" cv klvfrcolk `v gn(orëeh`í`(ec{ës` olf`|vlEcv cdf`rd`{cnd cv ndbs jnr {el qrn{lf{cnd nj {el fnwv `dk orëeh`í`v$\djnr{|d`{lbs" olf`|vl cd M`bc(s|g` {elrl cv dn qrn{lf{cnd nj {el fnwv `dkorèhcdcf`b f|b{|rl" lzlrs{ecdg cv cd ` qrlf`rcn|v qnvc{cnd$ Cj e|h`d vnfcl{sw`d{v {n ol lu`b{lk" {el bl`klrv nj vnfcl{s h|v{ jnbbnw {el cdv{r|f{cndv nj




373

Oe`g`z`k(gã{ë `dk gczl qrn{lf{cnd {n {el fnwv" {el orëeh`í`v `dk orèhcdcf`bf|b{|rl$

[LU[ :

nÁ`zfly| 4 \[ ly| frD % z`S |crzlâr/ #D``lÁ`zf[z* 4Ì`[`l cD`G`|_2`[z`cÚS``l G`|2`L/ ## : ##

|ffëz`flð| oeò{lð|f`r`d zës|r czlçz`r`ó

dnffëz`f`{z`á oeì`{ldcrg|í`{zëk kecsn g|í`có

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|ff`(`z`flð|‛e`zcdg ecgelr nr bnwlr onkcbs jnrhv= oeò{lð|‛`hndg {elbczcdg ld{c{clv= f`r`d‛ole`zcdg= zës|ó cz`‛lu`f{bs bcml {el `cr= ãçz`r`ó‛{elV|qrlhl Bnrk= d`‛dn{= |ff`(`z`f`{z`h‛{el p|`bc{s nj ecgelr nr bnwlrgr`klv nj bcjl= oeì`{l‛`fflq{v= dcrg|í`{zë{‛olf`|vl nj olcdg {r`dvfldkld{`b"

ònzl `bb h`{lrc`b p|`bc{clv= kecs`ó‛gldlr`bbs= g|í`có‛os {el hnklv nj h`{lrc`b d`{|rl$

[_@DVB@[CND

Bcml {el `cr q`vvcdg {ern|ge kcjjlrld{ {sqlv nj `{hnvqelrl" {el V|qrlhlQlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" `b{en|ge `qql`rcdg vnhl{chlv `v ` e|h`d olcdg `dkvnhl{chlv `v ` bnwlr `dch`b" cv `bw`sv {r`dvfldkld{`b$ Olf`|vl El cv ònzl {el

h`{lrc`b hnklv nj d`{|rl" El cv |d`jjlf{lk os ecgelr `dk bnwlr jnrhv$

Q\_QN_[

[el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k cv {el h`v{lr nj {el h`{lrc`b d`{|rl




351

%h`sëkes`mðlí` qr`mì{có vòs`{l v`f`rëf`r`h ]Og $ 3$01X#$ [elrljnrl" olcdg {elv|qrlhl fnd{rnbblr nj {el b`wv nj d`{|rl" {el Bnrk f`ddn{ ol |dklr {elcrcdjb|ldfl$ @d lu`hqbl gczld cd {ecv rlg`rk cv {e`{ `b{en|ge {el wcdk obnwv{ern|ge h`ds qb`flv" {el `cr cv dn{ `jjlf{lk os {el p|`bc{clv nj {elvl qb`flv$@b{en|ge {el `cr vnhl{chlv f`rrclv {el nknr nj ` jcb{es qb`fl" {el `cr e`vdn{ecdg {n kn wc{e v|fe ` qb`fl$ Vchcb`rbs" {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" olcdg `bb(gnnk `dk `bb(`|vqcfcn|v" cv dlzlr `jjlf{lk os {el h`{lrc`bp|`bc{clv bcml `d nrkcd`rs bczcdg ld{c{s$ q|r|ð`ó qr`mì{c(v{en ec oe|âm{l

qr`mì{ciëd g|íëd ]Og $ 06$??X$ Weld {el bczcdg ld{c{s cv cd {el h`{lrc`b d`{|rl"el cv `jjlf{lk os c{v p|`bc{clv$ [el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" enwlzlr"cv dn{ `jjlf{lk$ Kcvrlvqlf{j|bbs" ndl wen knlv dn{ mdnw {ecv fndvcklrv {el

V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k `d nrkcd`rs bczcdg olcdg %`zìëd`d{c hëáhòÿeëó ]Og $ 3$00X#$ Q`r`á oeëz`h ìëd`d{`ó9 v|fe ` fndfb|vcnd cv rl`felk os{el |dcd{lbbcgld{ olf`|vl {els `rl |d`w`rl nj {el {r`dvfldkld{`b p|`bc{clv nj {el Bnrk$

[LU[ 7

@`V`pk[`p[`m(BQ``D[`l oX`õ`l D`LcH`c{`m( l b.S`/ #V`H`|kX`lQ`Qb|.[``V[`x` b.`lm( 4`\r`kS``l D`)Q` ## 7 ##

ëvãk `{ã{`(m`bqëd{lorëehn d`chc{{cmn b`s`óv`h|krnq`qb|{ëv {`{r`bnmë oeòr(ëk`sn dìq`

VSDNDSHV

ëvã{‛{elrl w`v= `{ã{`‛q`v{= m`bq`(`d{l‛`{ {el ldk nj {el m`bq`= orëeh`ó‛nj Bnrk Orèhë'v k`s= d`chc{{cm`ó‛olf`|vl nj {e`{= b`s`ó‛cd|dk`{cnd=v`h|kr`‛cd {el nfl`d= |q`qb|{ëó‛wlrl cd|dk`{lk= {`{r`‛{elrl= bnmëó‛`bb




350

{el qb`dl{v= oeòó(ëk`s`ó‛Oeòó" Oe|z`ó `dk Vz`ó" {el {erll bnm`v= dìq`‛NMcdg$

[_@DVB@[CND

N Mcdg Q`rãmðc{" `{ {el ldk nj {el q`v{ hcbblddc|h" `{ {el ldk nj Orèhë'vk`s" olf`|vl Bnrk Orèhë vbllqv k|rcdg {el dcge{" `ddcecb`{cnd {nnm qb`fl" `dk{el {erll wnrbkv wlrl fnzlrlk os {el w`{lr nj {el nfl`d$

[LU[ 5

m(`bl.D``G`[`cD`kXVS` K``[ |/ cUÙ`cS`y lo_b.C #H`|,[``l cD`/V`)[``D`% zlk`D`% eS`G`Xpz`l^cD[`ml(êr[`% ## 5 ##

mëbldëg`{`(dckr`vs`keë{|ó çcç`scðnr o`bã

h|me`{n dcóvì{ëd zlkëde`s`grãzn 'd{cml 'e`r`{

VSDNDSHV

mëbld`‛olf`|vl nj {chl %{el ldk nj Orèhë'v k`s#= ëg`{`(dckr`vs`‛weld eljlb{ vbllqs= keë{|ó‛nj Orèhë= çcç`scðnó‛klvcrcdg {n bcl knwd {n vbllq=o`bã‛zlrs qnwlrj|b= h|me`{`ó‛jrnh {el hn|{e= dcóvì{ëd‛lh`d`{cdg=zlkëd‛{el Zlkcf mdnwblkgl= e`s`grãz`ó‛{el grl`{ klhnd d`hlk E`s`grãz`=`d{cml‛dl`ros= è`r`{‛v{nbl$

[_@DVB@[CND

@{ {el ldk nj Orèhë'v k`s" weld Orèhë jlb{ vbllqs `dk klvcrlk {n bclknwd" {el Zlk`v wlrl lh`d`{cdg jrnh ecv hn|{e" `dk {el grl`{ klhnd d`hlk




35?

E`s`grãz` v{nbl {el Zlkcf mdnwblkgl$

[LU[ 3

i`[z` [`k% k`D`zlDkXVS` eS`G XpzVS` flcè[`H % #kK``r U`j(rpêQ`* 4`G`z`D`% ecrrpâr/ ## 3 ##

iîë{zë {`k këd`zldkr`vs`e`s`grãz`vs` flðúc{`h

k`keër` ç`qe`rã(ròq`á

oe`g`zëd e`rcr ãçz`r`ó

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iîë{zë‛`j{lr |dklrv{`dkcdg= {`{‛{e`{= këd`z`(cdkr`vs`‛nj {el grl`{ klhnd=e`s`grãz`vs`‛nj E`s`grãz`= flðúc{`h‛`f{czc{s= k`keër`‛`fflq{lk=ç`qe`rã(ròq`h‛{el jnrh nj ` jcve= oe`g`zëd‛{el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k= e`rcó‛{el Bnrk= ãçz`r`ó‛{el v|qrlhl fnd{rnbblr$

[_@DVB@[CND

\dklrv{`dkcdg {el `f{v nj {el grl`{ klhnd E`s`grãz`" {el V|qrlhlQlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" E`rc" wen cv j|bb nj `bb nq|bldflv" `vv|hlk {el jnrh nj` jcve `dk v`zlk {el Zlk`v os mcbbcdg {el klhnd$

Q\_QN_[

Olf`|vl lzlrs{ecdg w`v cd|dk`{lk os w`{lr" {n v`zl {el Zlk`v c{ w`v

dlflvv`rs jnr {el Bnrk {n `vv|hl {el jnrh nj ` jcve$

[LU[ 01




356

[`x` rÌ`‱cy/ m(céá`H d V`[S`zX[` l Hè`D % #D``r`S`2`Q`r`l^[`Q`[`% [`Q`/ V` V`cb.b.Ù`D`/ ## 01 ##

{`{r` rëi`(ìðcó m`çfcddëhdë v`{s`zr`{n hèëd

dërës`í`(q`rn '{`q`{{`q`ó v` v`bcbëç`d`ó

VSDNDSHV

{`{r`‛cd {e`{ fnddlf{cnd= rëi`(ìðcó‛` mcdg lp|`bbs p|`bcjclk `v ` grl`{ v`cd{bs

qlrvnd= m`çfc{‛vnhlndl= dëhdë‛os {el d`hl= v`{s`zr`{`ó‛V`{s`zr`{`=hèëd‛` grl`{ qlrvnd`bc{s= dërës`í`(q`r`ó‛` grl`{ klzn{ll nj BnrkDërës`í`" {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k= `{`q`{‛qlrjnrhlk`|v{lrc{clv= {`q`ó‛qld`dflv= v`ó‛el= v`bcb`(ëç`d`ó‛ndbs krcdmcdg w`{lr$

[_@DVB@[CND

K|rcdg {el Fëmð|ð`(h`dz`d{`r` {elrl w`v ` grl`{ mcdg d`hlk V`{s`zr`{`

wen w`v ` grl`{ klzn{ll nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$ V`{s`zr`{`qlrjnrhlk `|v{lrc{clv os v|ovcv{cdg ndbs nd w`{lr$

Q\_QN_[

[el Bnrk `vv|hlk ndl jcve cdf`rd`{cnd {n v`zl {el Zlk`v `{ {el olgcddcdgnj {el Vzës`hoe|z`(h`dz`d{`r`" `dk `{ {el ldk nj {el Fëmð|ð`(h`dz`d{`r`{el Bnrk `g`cd `vv|hlk {el jnrh nj ` jcve i|v{ {n j`znr {el grl`{ mcdg d`hlkV`{s`zr`{`$ @v {elrl wlrl {wn cdf`rd`{cndv nj Z`rëe`" {elrl wlrl `bvn {wn

cdf`rd`{cndv nj jcve$ [el Bnrk `qql`rlk `v ndl jcve cdf`rd`{cnd {n v`zl {elZlk`v os mcbbcdg E`s`grãz`" `dk El `vv|hlk {el n{elr jcve cdf`rd`{cnd {n venwj`znr {n Mcdg V`{s`zr`{`$




35;

[LU[ 00

S` l V``zcVH`D % Hè`m(BQ l [`D`S`/ V` czzVz[`/ #ã] Úklz wc[` 9S``[` l H`D |[zl ecr2``cQ _[`/ ## 00 ##

sn 'vëz `vhcd hèë(m`bql{`d`s`ó v` zcz`vz`{`óçrëkke`klz` c{c mesë{nh`d|{zl e`rcíërqc{`ó

VSDNDSHV

s`ó‛ndl wen= `v`|‛El %{el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd#= `vhcd‛cd {ecv=hèë(m`bql‛grl`{ hcbblddc|h= {`d`s`ó‛vnd= v`ó‛el= zcz`vz`{`ó‛nj {elv|d(gnk= çrëkke`klz`ó‛os {el d`hl Çrëkke`klz`= c{c‛{e|v=mesë{`ó‛flblor`{lk= h`d|{zl‛cd {el qnvc{cnd nj H`d|= e`rcíë‛os {elV|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k= `rqc{`ó‛w`v vc{|`{lk$

[_@DVB@[CND

Cd {ecv ]{el qrlvld{X hcbblddc|h Mcdg V`{s`zr`{` b`{lr olf`hl {el vnd njZcz`vzëd" {el mcdg nj {el v|d qb`dl{" `dk w`v mdnwd `v Çrëkke`klz`$ Os {elhlrfs nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" el w`v gczld {el qnv{ nj H`d|$

[LU[ 0?

Wm(k` m)([`H``b.`S` * m|(z_[` l I`b.[`Q _2`H % #

[`VS``ÌBS |kml( m(`cfFTj(S l_m(`4S`Q`Ý[` ## 0? ##lm`kë mì{`hëbësëá

m|rz`{n i`b`({`rq`í`h




35<

{`vsëîi`bs(|k`ml mëfcffe`qe`rs lmëoes`q`ks`{`

VSDNDSHV

lm`kë‛ndl k`s= mì{`hëbësëh‛nd {el o`dm nj {el Mì{`hëbë _czlr=m|rz`{`ó‛lulf|{cdg= i`b`({`rq`í`h‛{el njjlrcdg nj nob`{cndv nj w`{lr={`vs`‛ecv= `îi`bc‛q`bhj|b= |k`ml‛cd {el w`{lr= mëfc{‛vnhl= ç`qe`rã‛`vh`bb jcve= lmë‛ndl= òes`q`ks`{`‛w`v gldlr`{lk$

[_@DVB@[CND

Ndl k`s wecbl Mcdg V`{s`zr`{` w`v qlrjnrhcdg `|v{lrc{clv os njjlrcdg w`{lrnd {el o`dm nj {el _czlr Mì{`hëbë" ` vh`bb jcve `qql`rlk cd {el w`{lr cd ecvq`bhv$

[LU[ 06

V`[S`zX[``l^Ìcb.G`[` * Vè [``lS`lD` 4``r[` #

n[V`VÌ _ D`kp[` lS l U`j(rp* kXczAlâr/ ## 06 ##v`{s`zr`{n 'îi`bc(g`{ëá

vè` {nsld` oeër`{`|{v`v`ri` d`kã({nsl

ç`qe`rãá kr`zcÿlçz`r`ó

VSDNDSHV

v`{s`zr`{`ó‛Mcdg V`{s`zr`{`= `îi`bc(g`{ëh‛cd {el w`{lr elbk cd {el q`bhv nj {el Mcdg= vè`‛wc{e= {nsld`‛w`{lr= oeër`{`‛N Mcdg Q`rãmðc{=|{v`v`ri`‛{erlw= d`kã({nsl‛cd {el w`{lr nj {el rczlr= ç`qe`rãh‛{e`{ vh`bb




35:

jcve= kr`zcÿ`(ãçz`r`ó‛V`{s`zr`{`" {el Mcdg nj Kr`zcÿ`$

[_@DVB@[CNDV`{s`zr`{`" {el Mcdg nj Kr`zcÿ`klç`" {erlw {el jcve cd{n {el w`{lr nj {el

rczlr `bndg wc{e {el w`{lr cd ecv q`bh" N Mcdg Q`rãmðc{" klvfldk`d{ nj Oe`r`{`$

[LU[ 0;

[`H`è V``c[`m(ì2 * Hè`m(`ìc2`m*( D )Q`H % #

S``k l4S` l i`c[`g``c[`4S` l kpD` * H` * kpD`z[V`b. #m(P`* czV`)I`V`l rÌ`D`% 4`p[``H`cVH`D`% V`crÏbl. ## 0; ##

{`h ëe` vë{cm`r|í`áhèë(mër|ícm`á dìq`hsëknoesn iîë{c(geë{coesnkãdëá hëá kãd`(z`{v`b`

m`{e`á zcvìi`vl rëi`d

oeã{ëh `vhcd v`rci(i`bl

VSDNDSHV

{`h‛|d{n ech %V`{s`zr`{`#= ëe`‛v`ck= vë‛{e`{ vh`bb jcve=`{c(m`r|í`h‛lu{rlhlbs fnhq`vvcnd`{l= hèë(mër|ícm`h‛lu{rlhlbshlrfcj|b= dìq`h‛|d{n Mcdg V`{s`zr`{`= sëknoes`ó‛{n {el `p|`{cfv=

iîë{c(geë{coes`ó‛wen `rl `bw`sv l`glr {n mcbb {el vh`bblr jcve= kãdëh‛zlrsqnnr= hëh‛hl= kãd`(z`{v`b`‛N qrn{lf{nr nj {el qnnr= m`{e`h‛wes=

zcvìi`vl‛sn| `rl {ernwcdg= rëi`d‛N Mcdg= oeã{ëh‛zlrs h|fe `jr`ck=`vhcd‛wc{ecd {ecv= v`rc{(i`bl‛cd {el w`{lr nj {el rczlr$




357

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|dmdnwcdgbs" dlzlr gnlv cd z`cd$

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[LU[ 07

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[LU[ 05

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[LU[ 03

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336

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[LU[ ?6

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33:

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0111

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0107

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0105

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0103

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01?1

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01?0

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01?;

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01?<

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01?:

'ri|d`9 ]Og $ ;$3X `j{lr gczcdg |q ndl'v onks" ndl wcbb rl{|rd enhl" o`fm {nGnkel`k$ [el Bnrk bczlv cd {el vqcrc{|`b wnrbk cd Ecv nrcgcd`b qlrvnd`bc{s" `dk` klzn{ll wen jnbbnwv {el cdv{r|f{cndv nj {el Bnrk `qqrn`felv Ech %hëh l{c#$@v ` vqcrc{|`b qlrvnd" v|fe ` klzn{ll rl{|rdv {n {el Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k`dk qb`sv `dk k`dflv wc{e Ech$ [e`{ cv {el |b{ch`{l gn`b nj bcjl$

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olwcbklrlk os h`{lrc`b b|v{s klvcrlv$

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01?7

Hs Bnrk" Sn| `rl {el v|qrlhl wlbb(wcvecdg jrcldk nj lzlrsndl" {elkl`rhnv{ jrcldk" {el fnd{rnbblr" {el V|qlrvn|b" {el v|qrlhl cdv{r|f{nr `dk {elgczlr nj v|qrlhl mdnwblkgl `dk {el j|bjcbbhld{ nj `bb klvcrlv$ O|{ `b{en|ge Sn|`rl wc{ecd {el el`r{" {el jnnbcve" olf`|vl nj b|v{s klvcrlv cd {el el`r{" f`ddn{|dklrv{`dk Sn|$

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01?5

{el |b{ch`{l gn`b nj bcjl ndbs os ldg`gcdg cd klzn{cnd`b vlrzcfl {n {el Bnrk$[eld {el Bnrk wcbb gczl ndl qrnqlr cdv{r|f{cndv nd enw {n gn o`fm enhl" o`fm{n Gnkel`k$

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[z* [z`Hè* klzzr* zrl2S *Q`]Q`Ý w_U`* Q`]c[ò`lK`D``S` #

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VSDNDSHV

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01?3

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0161

cv {el kcjjcf|b{s cd jcdkcdg ` g|r|> Cj ndl cv vcdflrl el f`d jcdk {el g|r| `dkbl`rd lzlrs{ecdg$ Ndl ven|bk {`ml blvvndv jrnh {el g|r| `dk jcdk n|{ {el gn`bnj bcjl$ Hèërëi` V`{s`zr`{`" {elrljnrl" venwv |v {el w`s nj {el hèëi`d`$Hèëi`dn sld` g`{`ó v` q`d{eëó ]Ff$ H`kes` 07$05:X$ Ndl ven|bk v|rrldklr {n{el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k %k`çëz`{ër`# `dk bl`rd jrnh Ech òn|{{el vqcrc{|`b wnrbk `dk {el gn`b nj bcjl$

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0160

V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" wen e`k `vv|hlk {el jnrh nj ` jcve" {el Bnrk"wecbl hnzcdg cd {el w`{lr nj cd|dk`{cnd" luqb`cdlk {n ech {el @ovnb|{l [r|{e$

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v`{s`zr`{`vs` rëi`rðlrë{h`(g|es`h `çlð`{`ó

VSDNDSHV

q|rëí`‛{el v|oilf{ h`{{lr luqb`cdlk cd {el Q|rëí`v" {el nbk ecv{nrclv"lvqlfc`bbs {el H`{vs` Q|rëí`= v`áec{ëh‛{el Zlkcf cdv{r|f{cndv fnd{`cdlk cdOrèh`(v`áec{ë `dk n{elr v`áec{ëv= kczsëh‛`bb {r`dvfldkld{`b bc{lr`{|rlv=vëâmes`‛{el qecbnvnqecf`b w`s nj vëâmes`(sng`= sng`‛{el vfcldfl nj

vlbj(rl`bcy`{cnd nr oe`m{c(sng`= mrcsëz`{ãh‛qr`f{cf`bbs `qqbclk cd bcjl=v`{s`zr`{`vs`‛nj Mcdg V`{s`zr`{`= rëi`(ìðló‛{el grl`{ mcdg `dk v`cd{=ë{h`(g|es`h‛`bb {el hsv{lrclv nj vlbj(rl`bcy`{cnd= `çlð`{`ó‛cdfb|kcdg `bbor`dfelv$

[_@DVB@[CND

[el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k {e|v luqb`cdlk {n Mcdg V`{s`zr`{` {el

vqcrc{|`b vfcldfl mdnwd `v vëâmes`(sng`" {el vfcldfl os wecfe ndlkcv{cdg|cvelv ol{wlld h`{{lr `dk vqcrc{ ]cd n{elr wnrkv" oe`m{c(sng`X" `bndgwc{e {el cdv{r|f{cndv fnd{`cdlk cd {el Q|rëí`v ]{el nbk ecv{nrclvX `dk {elv`áec{ëv$ [el Bnrk luqb`cdlk Echvlbj cd `bb {elvl bc{lr`{|rlv$




016?

[LU[ <:

@ã]`Lypk)cyc4`/ V``m(H``[H`[`{zH`V`*U`S`H`% #D``ZS``V`pD``l 4`G`z[`` Q`]`l¯*( oXõ V`D``[`D`H`% ## <: ##

`çr`|ðãk ìðcoecó vëm`hë{h`({`{{z`h `v`áç`s`h

dëzs ëvãdn oe`g`z`{ë qrnm{`á orèh` v`dë{`d`h

VSDNDSHV

`çr`|ðã{‛el el`rk= ìðcoecó‛{el grl`{ v`cd{bs qlrvndv= vëm`h‛wc{e=ë{h`({`{{z`h‛{el vfcldfl nj vlbj(rl`bcy`{cnd= `v`áç`s`h‛wc{en|{ `ds kn|o{%olf`|vl c{ w`v vqnmld os {el V|qrlhl Bnrk#= dëzc ëvãd`ó‛vc{{cdg cd {el on`{=oe`g`z`{ë‛os {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k= qrnm{`h‛luqb`cdlk=orèh`‛`bb {r`dvfldkld{`b bc{lr`{|rlv= v`dë{`d`h‛l{lrd`bbs lucv{cdg$

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Wecbl vc{{cdg cd {el on`{" Mcdg V`{s`zr`{`" `ffnhq`dclk os {el grl`{ v`cd{bsqlrvndv" bcv{ldlk {n {el cdv{r|f{cndv nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k cdrlg`rk {n vlbj(rl`bcy`{cnd$ [elvl cdv{r|f{cndv wlrl `bb jrnh {el l{lrd`b Zlkcfbc{lr`{|rl ]orèh`X$ [e|v {el Mcdg `dk v`glv e`k dn kn|o{ òn|{ {el @ovnb|{l[r|{e$

[LU[ <7

@[`p[`Q`]b.S``Q``S` nc[P`[``S` V` zlK`V`l #




0166

e[z`V |r* eS`G Xpz* zlk`D % Q ][S`èrÚcr/ ## <7 ##

`{ã{`(qr`b`sëqës`|{{ec{ës` v` zlke`vle`{zëv|r`á e`s`grãz`á

zlkëd qr`{sëe`r`k ke`rcó

VSDNDSHV

`{ã{`‛q`vvlk= qr`b`s`(`qësl‛`{ {el ldk nj {el cd|dk`{cnd= |{{ec{ës`‛{norcdg ech {n ecv vldvlv `j{lr vbllqcdg= v`ó‛{el V|qrlhl Bnrk= zlke`vl‛|d{n

Bnrk Orèhë= e`{zë‛`j{lr mcbbcdg= `v|r`h‛{el klhnd= e`s`grãz`h‛os {eld`hl E`s`grãz`= zlkëd‛`bb {el Zlkcf rlfnrkv= qr`{sëe`r`{‛klbczlrlk=e`rcó‛{el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$

[_@DVB@[CND

@{ {el ldk nj {el b`v{ cd|dk`{cnd ]k|rcdg {el qlrcnk nj Vzës`hoe|z` H`d|X{el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k mcbblk {el klhnd d`hlk E`s`grãz` `dk

klbczlrlk `bb {el Zlkcf bc{lr`{|rlv {n Bnrk Orèhë weld Bnrk Orèhë`w`mldlk jrnh vbllqcdg$

[LU[ <5

V` [`| V`[S`zX[` l rÌ`` i`D`czi`D`V`*S`|[`/ #czY2``l/ Q`]V``k`[`% m(BQ`l^cVH`á`V`pk% zLzVz[``l H`D`|/ ## <5 ##

v` {| v`{s`zr`{n rëië iîëd`(zciîëd`(v`ás|{`ó

zcðínó qr`vëkë{ m`bql 'vhcddëvãk z`cz`vz`{n h`d|ó




016;

VSDNDSHV

v`ó‛el= {|‛cdkllk= v`{s`zr`{`ó‛V`{s`zr`{`= rëië‛{el Mcdg= iîëd`(zciîëd`(v`ás|{`ó‛ldbcge{ldlk cd j|bb mdnwblkgl `dk c{v qr`f{cf`b |vl=zcðínó‛nj Bnrk Zcðí|= qr`vëkë{‛os {el hlrfs= m`bql `vhcd‛cd {ecv qlrcnk%r|blk os Z`cz`vz`{` H`d|#= ëvã{‛olf`hl= z`cz`vz`{`ó h`d|ó‛Z`cz`vz`{`H`d|$

[_@DVB@[CND

Mcdg V`{s`zr`{` w`v cbb|hcd`{lk wc{e `bb Zlkcf mdnwblkgl os {el hlrfs njBnrk Zcðí|" `dk cd {ecv qlrcnk el e`v dnw {`mld ocr{e `v Z`cz`vz`{` H`d|" {elvnd nj {el v|d(gnk$

Q\_QN_[

Çrãb` Zcçz`dë{e` F`mr`z`r{ã Úeëm|r` gczlv ecv zlrkcf{ {e`{ V`{s`zr`{``qql`rlk cd {el Fëmð|ð`(h`dz`d{`r`$ Weld {el Fëmð|ð`(h`dz`d{`r` ldklk"{el qlrcnk nj Z`cz`vz`{` H`d| olg`d$ Os {el gr`fl nj Bnrk Zcðí|" V`{s`zr`{`

rlflczlk cdv{r|f{cndv jrnh {el vlfndk jcve cdf`rd`{cnd `dk w`v {e|vldbcge{ldlk cd `bb vqcrc{|`b mdnwblkgl$

[LU[ <3

V`[S`zX[`VS` rÌ`yl_H``_S``H`[VS`VS` U``c%r#_2`/ #V`*z`k* Hèk`9S``D`* ã]|[z` H`|FS`l[` cm(cBoy`[`% ## <3 ##

v`{s`zr`{`vs` rëi`rðlrhësë(h`{vs`vs` çërâgcí`ó

v`ázëk`á hè`k(ëmesëd`áçr|{zë h|fsl{` mcbocðë{




016<

VSDNDSHV

v`{s`zr`{`vs`‛nj Mcdg V`{s`zr`{`= rëi`(ìðló‛nj {el grl`{ mcdg=hësë(h`{vs`vs`‛`dk {el jcve cdf`rd`{cnd= çërâgcí`ó‛wen e`k ndl enrd ndEcv el`k= v`ázëk`h‛{el klvfrcq{cnd nr kl`bcdgv= hè`{(ëmesëd`h‛{el grl`{v{nrs= çr|{zë‛os el`rcdg= h|fsl{`‛cv klbczlrlk= mcbocðë{‛jrnh `bb vcdj|brl`f{cndv$

[_@DVB@[CND

[ecv v{nrs fndflrdcdg {el grl`{ Mcdg V`{s`zr`{` `dk {el jcve cdf`rd`{cnd nj{el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" Zcðí|" cv ` grl`{ {r`dvfldkld{`b d`rr`{cnd$@dsndl wen el`rv c{ cv klbczlrlk jrnh {el rl`f{cndv nj vcdj|b bcjl$

[LU[ :1

@z[``r* erlS` l_ S * m(C[ _S lkDze* D`r/ #V`©BQ``V[`VS` cV`KS`cD[` V` S``c[` Q`rH``* G`c[`H`% ## :1 ##

`z`{ër`á e`rlr sn 's`ámãr{`slk `dzè`á d`r`óv`âm`bqëv {`vs` vckes`d{c

v` së{c q`r`hëá g`{ch

VSDNDSHV

`z`{ër`h‛cdf`rd`{cnd= e`rló‛nj {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k=

s`ó‛wenlzlr= `s`h‛el= mãr{`sl{‛d`rr`{lv `dk fe`d{v= `dzè`h‛k`cbs=d`r`ó‛v|fe ` qlrvnd= v`âm`bqëó‛`bb `hoc{cndv= {`vs`‛nj ech=vckes`d{c‛olfnhl v|fflvvj|b= v`ó‛v|fe ` qlrvnd= së{c‛gnlv o`fm= q`r`hëh




016:

g`{ch‛o`fm enhl {n Gnkel`k" {el v|qrlhl qb`fl$

[_@DVB@[CNDNdl wen d`rr`{lv {ecv klvfrcq{cnd nj {el H`{vs` cdf`rd`{cnd `dk Mcdg

V`{s`zr`{` wcbb flr{`cdbs e`zl `bb ecv `hoc{cndv j|bjcbblk" `dk el wcbb|dkn|o{lkbs rl{|rd enhl" o`fm {n Gnkel`k$

[LU[ :0

Q`]b.S`Q`S`cV` K``[`|/ V`|àU`¯l(H`|_,l4S`/ã]|c[`G`2`H`Q`D`p[`* Q`][S`|Q``k{` e[z` #ckc[Ì`H`m(P`S`k% S``l oXõ V`[S`zX[``D``*

[`HèH`c,b.el[ |* cI`õH`pD * D`[` l cVH` ## :0 ##

qr`b`s`(q`s`vc keë{|ó v|q{`(ç`m{lr h|meloes`óçr|{c(g`í`h `q`dã{`á qr`{s|qëk`{{` e`{zë

kc{ci`h `m`{e`s`k sn orèh` v`{s`zr`{ëdëá

{`h è`h `mecb`(el{|á iceh`(hãd`á d`{n 'vhc

VSDNDSHV

qr`b`s`(q`s`vc‛cd {el w`{lr nj cd|dk`{cnd= keë{|ó‛jrnh Bnrk Orèhë=v|q{`(ç`m{ló‛wen w`v cdlr{ olf`|vl nj vbllqcdg= h|meloes`ó‛jrnh {elhn|{ev= çr|{c(g`í`h‛Zlkcf rlfnrkv= `q`dã{`h‛v{nbld= qr`{s|qëk`{{`‛g`zlo`fm {n ech= e`{zë‛os mcbbcdg= kc{ci`h‛{el grl`{ klhnd=`m`{e`s`{‛luqb`cdlk= s`ó‛ndl wen= orèh`‛Zlkcf mdnwblkgl=

v`{s`zr`{ëdëh‛jnr {el ldbcge{ldhld{ nj V`{s`zr`{` `dk {el grl`{ v`cd{bsqlrvndv= {`h‛|d{n Ech= è`h‛C= `mecb`(el{|h‛|d{n {el f`|vl nj `bb f`|vlv=

iceh`(hãd`h‛`qql`rcdg `v `dk qrl{ldkcdg {n ol ` grl`{ jcve= d`{`ó `vhc‛C




0167

njjlr hs rlvqlf{j|b nolcv`dflv$

[_@DVB@[CNDC njjlr hs rlvqlf{j|b nolcv`dflv |d{n {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k"

wen qrl{ldklk {n ol ` gcg`d{cf jcve" wen rlv{nrlk {el Zlkcf bc{lr`{|rl {n BnrkOrèhë weld Bnrk Orèhë `w`mldlk jrnh vbllq" `dk wen luqb`cdlk {ellvvldfl nj Zlkcf bc{lr`{|rl {n Mcdg V`{s`zr`{` `dk {el grl`{ v`cd{bs qlrvndv$

Q\_QN_[

Elrl cv ` v|hh`rs nj V`{s`zr`{`'v hll{cdg wc{e {el jcve cdf`rd`{cnd nj BnrkZcðí|$ Bnrk Zcðí|'v q|rqnvl w`v {n {`ml o`fm `bb {el Zlkcf bc{lr`{|rlv jrnh {elklhnd E`s`grãz` `dk rlv{nrl {elh {n Bnrk Orèhë$ Cdfckld{`bbs" os Ecvf`|vlblvv hlrfs" {el Bnrk vqnml wc{e V`{s`zr`{`$ [el wnrk v`{s`zr`{ëdëh cvvcgdcjcf`d{ olf`|vl c{ cdkcf`{lv {e`{ {envl nd {el blzlb nj V`{s`zr`{` f`d {`mlmdnwblkgl jrnh {el Zlk`v klbczlrlk os {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k$We`{lzlr cv vqnmld os {el V|qrlhl Bnrk cv `fflq{lk `v Zlk`$ @v v{`{lk cdOe`g`z`k(gã{ë" zlkëd{`(mìk zlk`(zc{9 {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k cv

{el fnhqcblr nj `bb Zlkcf mdnwblkgl" `dk El mdnwv {el q|rqnr{ nj {el Zlk`v$[elrljnrl" `dsndl wen {`mlv mdnwblkgl jrnh {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k" Mìðí`" nr jrnh Oe`g`z`k(gã{ë `v c{ cv" mdnwv {el q|rqnvl nj {el Zlk`v%zlk`cç f` v`rz`cr è`h lz` zlks`ó ]Og $ 0<$0<X#$ Ndl f`ddn{ |dklrv{`dk Zlkcfmdnwblkgl jrnh {el zlk`(zëk`(r`{ëv" wen rl`k {el Zlk`v `dk hcvfndv{r|l{elcr v|oilf{ h`{{lr$ Ndl e`v {n mdnw {el Zlk`v jrnh {el V|qrlhl Qlrvnd`bc{snj Gnkel`k$

[e|v ldk {el Oe`m{czlk`d{` q|rqnr{v nj {el Lcge{e F`d{n" [wld{s(jn|r{eFe`q{lr" nj {el Çrãh`k(Oeëg`z`{`h" ld{c{blk /H`{vs`" {el Bnrk'v JcveCdf`rd`{cnd$/

‛[ecv fnhhld{`{cnd e`v olld jcdcvelk cd n|r Dlw Klbec fld{lr {nk`s" {el




jcrv{ nj Vlq{lholr" 037:" {el k`s nj _ëkeëðú`hã" os {el gr`fl nj {el V|qrlhlQlrvnd`bc{s nj Gnkel`k `dk {el ëfërs`v$ Çrãb` D`rn{{`h` këv` Úeëm|r` v`sv"{ëâklr` f`r`í` vlzc oe`m{`(v`dl zëv` i`d`hl i`d`hl e`s`" lc `oecbëð`$ C `h`{{lhq{cdg {n qrlvld{ Çrãh`k(Oeëg`z`{`h cd {el Ldgbcve b`dg|`gl os {el nrklrnj hs vqcrc{|`b h`v{lr" Çrãh`k Oe`m{cvckkeëd{` V`r`vz`{ã Úeëm|r`" `dk os ecvgr`fl {el wnrm nj {r`dvb`{cnd cv gr`k|`bbs qrngrlvvcdg" `dk {el L|rnql`d `dk@hlrcf`d klzn{llv wen e`zl incdlk {el Mìðí` fndvfcn|vdlvv hnzlhld{ `rlelbqcdg hl fndvcklr`obs$ [e|v wl e`zl luqlf{`{cndv nj jcdcvecdg {el grl`{ {`vmoljnrl hs q`vvcdg `w`s$ @bb gbnrclv {n Çrã G|r| `dk G`|rëâg`$

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11 srimad bhagavatam canto 7

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