PHYSICAL SECURITY IN OIL

REFINERIES IN INDIA

JAIDEEP PRASAD, IPS

DIG/CISF(NZ)

WHY SECURITY?

Oil is a crucial input for industrial growth..

Increased oil production gives impetus to capital formation (which in turn makes more resources available for investments).

Oil Industry plays a significant and pivotal role in the development of the economy

Security and safety of this industry assumes special significance as our country faces threats from external and internal disruptive forces.

PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

Highly volatile

Highly inflammable

Highly hazardous

Highly vulnerable

Easy target from ground, sea, air.

SOME OF THE MAJOR OIL REFINERIES

4

Name of Sector Name of Oil refinery North Mathura (UP)

Panipat (Haryana)

North east Gawahati (Assam)

Bongaigaon (Assam)

Haldia (West Bengal)

East Paradip(Orissa)

Barauni (Bihar)

West Baroda (Gujarat)

Reliance Refinery (Gujarat) Pvt Sector

South VIZAG Refinery (AP)

Manglore Refinery (Karnataka)

Kochi Refinery (Kerala)

To protect - Company Assets & Premises

Information

Classified/ Non Classified & Sensitive

Storage Devices

Security of Personnel

To Prevent - Deterioration of Law & Order

- Infiltration

- Theft/Pilferage

5

AIM OF SECURITY

Oil refineries are hyper sensitive from security point of view.

Probable threats-

Bomb threat/ Explosion

Terrorist attack

Threat from rocket launchers

Forcible armed intrusion

Sabotage

Fire

Espionage

Theft/Pilferage

Inflammable/toxic vapour release

6

THREAT PERCEPTION

VITAL INSTALLATIONS

Oil production unit, storage tanks, pipelines in refinery

Water works, pumping stations, distribution system,

fire hydrants

Electricity generating plants, transmission line and

distribution system

Bottling/Chemical manufacturing plants

STANDARD SECURITY GADGETS

REQUIRED IN ANY REFINERY

CCTV/PIDS camera

VHF / Walkie Talkies

Metal detectors (HHMD/DFMD)

Tyre ripper/ Spike barrier / Trolley mirrors

Bullet proof jackets with helmet

Turnstile gates with thumb reader

Dragon search lights / Night vision devices

X-ray baggage inspection system (X-BIS)

Explosive detector/ Bomb blankets / Dog squad

8 Link

Link

Link

Link

Link

Link

Link

Link

Link

SOME THE STANDARD PHYSICAL

SECURITY MEASURES

The standard height of the perimeter wall should be10 ft with concertina coil fencing of 2 ft.

The vegetation needs to be pruned at regular intervals.

Proper lighting arrangement in and around the perimeter wall especially in night hours.

Movement of employees/ contractor/ labours/ visitors / vehicles should be regulated at the gates, Viz. separate gate

for men, vehicles and materials.

To prevent any forcible entry of vehicles, gates should be provided with iron barriers, bollards.

9

Link

Link

Contd

Regular patrolling by the Quick Response Team round the clock.

Morchas at the gates.

Integrated control room with proper communication facility and CCTV /PIDS room for surveillance

Deployment of personnel in plain cloth for collection of Intelligence.

Computerized pass system for contractor/ labour and materials- C&A verification- a must to prevent any

unauthorized element inside the refinery.

Computerized visitor pass system

Link

Link

Link

MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS IOC

Mathura

Mega shutdown during Sept- Nov2013 6000-8000 worker/men engaged in the refinery

Computerized pass section/separate entry gate

ensured incident free shutdown.

ED / IOC acknowledged the efforts of CISF

IOC

Panipat

Property worth 3.3 lacs recovered on 06.02.2014

02 persons handed over to Police

IOC Baroda Fire broke out on 16.07.2013 while operating the valve

CISF QRT extinguished the fire and saved the life of

an engineer.

IOC Haldia Best Detection Award 2013 for CISF Best Security performance Award 2013 for CISF Fire broke out on 16.04.2013 in 11 KV Station

- CISF QRT personnel extinguished the fire quickly

- 03 Rewards given by the management

PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE

Infrastructural

Arrangements

Fire Alarm and Detectors

Fire Extinction

Fuel Starvation

Smothering & Cooling

Interface with the

Reaction

Fire Fighting

CISF FIRE WING

CISF fire wing provide fire protection coverage to 91

public sector undertaking and

industries as:

Power sector - 49 units. Oil & natural gas - 10 units. Chemicals and fertilizer - 03 units.

Steel plants - 08 units. Coal sector - 02 units. Port trust - 01 units. Others industries -18 units.

* IOC Refineries have their own Fire Wing.

MAJOR FIRE INCIDENTS

H.P.C.L Refinery Fire VIZAG. (In year 23 August 2013 )

IOC Oil Depot Fire Hazira Surat on 05th Jan13 IOC Oil Depot Fire and explosion Jaipur. (In year 29

Oct 2009 , six killed and 150

injured)

I.P.C.L. Nagothane fire and explosion. (In year 1990)

H.P.C.L.Refinery fire and explosion VIZAG. ( In year 1990 ,one killed,

35 injured)

Link

Link

Link

SECURITY/SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Ensure entry of authorized persons/vehicles in plant premises.

Regular rehearsal of contingency plan to face eventualities

Interaction with state intelligence machinery for operational preparedness.

Observance of good housekeeping practices

Control all hot works inside plant areas

Contd..

Train plant personnel on first aid fire fighting.

Do not allow smoking in areas where flammable materials are

kept.

Use electrical fittings of approved standard for each

equipment location.

Any time a fire extinguisher is used, the fire station should be

informed for follow up action.

ANY QUESTIONS ?

?

A major blast rocked the Hindustan Petroleum

Corporation Limited (HPCL) refinery at

Malkapuram in the city at around 10.30pm. on

Dated 16.05.2013. The blast was allegedly

triggered by a short circuit in the crude oil unit

CD-3 of the refinery and set the unit a blaze.

The impact of the blast was such that the flames

soared 70-80 feet high and the blast could be

heard one kilometre away from the plant.

Firefighters from the state fire services

department rushed to the spot within 20 minutes

of the blast and over five fire tenders were

pressed into service even as the HPCL fire

safety wing officials tried to douse the fire at the

refinery that has a current capacity of 8.5 million

metric tones per annum (mmtpa). Ambulances

too rushed to the spot to cater to the injured.

MAJOR FIRE AND EXPLOSION H.P.C.L. REFINERY VIZAG

An explosion set off a major fire at a diesel

storage tank of Indian Oil Corporation's (IOC)

Hazira terminal in Surat on Saturday at 12.30

pm.

The tank number 4 had developed a leak three

days ago and welding work by three workers

from IOC's Vadodara unit was on when the

explosion occurred.

Meanwhile, 500 fire fighters from Surat, Navsari

and Billimora were battling to extinguish the fire.

Fire fighters from CISF ONGC Hazira, L&T,

Essar and Reliance Industries were also

assisting them. At least 25 water tankers are

engaged in putting out the fire in the tank, while

over 55 fire tenders and 30 water tankers trying

to prevent spreading of fire to other tanks in the

vicinity. It would still take several hours before

the fire is extinguished.

MAJOR FIRE AT INDIAN OIL

CORPORATIONS HAZIRA DEPOT

The Jaipur oil depot fire broke out on 29 October 2009

at 7:30 PM (IST) at the Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) oil

depot's giant tank holding 8,000 kilolitres (280,000 cu ft)

of oil, in Sitapura Industrial Area on the outskirts

of Jaipur, Rajasthan, killing 12 people and injuring over

200. The blaze continued to rage out of control for over

a week after it started and during the period half a

million people were evacuated from the area. The oil

depot is about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) south of the city of

Jaipur

The incident occurred when petrol was being

transferred from the Indian Oil Corporation's oil depot to

a pipeline. There were at least 40 IOC employees at the

terminal, situated close to the Jaipur International

Airport, when it caught fire with an explosion. The Met

department recorded a tremor measuring 2.3 on the

Richter scale around the time the first explosion at 7:36

pm which resulted in shattering of glass windows nearly

3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from the accident site

JAIPUR IOC DEPOT FIRE AND

EXPLOSION

FIRE CALLS

CISF Fire Wing attended total of 3735 Fire Calls

including 18 Major Fire

incidents in 2013

Saved property worth Rs. 111.83 Crores.