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    455O

    THE BHAGAVADGTor

    THE SONG DIVINE

    (With Sanskrit Text and English Translation)

    Gita Press, Gorakhpur

    India

    flfl flflflfl flflflfl fll fl flflflfl flZ flflH

    Price : Rs. 6

    ( Six Rupees only)

    Printed & Published by:

    Gita Press, Gorakhpur273005 (INDIA)(a unit of Gobind Bhavan-Karyalaya, Kolkata)

    Phone - (0551) 2334721; Fax - (0551) 2336997

    e-mail :[email protected] website :www.gitapress.org

    Thirty-eighth Reprint 2007 15,000

    Total 10,42,625

    ISBN 81-293-0437-6

    Publishers Note

    As a book of scripture, the Bhagavadgt hasassumed a position of universal interest. Itsteachings have gained appreciation not only inIndia, but far beyond its borders, Our Gt-Libraryalone comprises about 1400 editions of theBhagavadgt published in 34 different languagesincluding 8 foreign languages. This is our humbleattempt for bringing out this English edition of

    the Gt in pocket-size and in a popular form. Wetrust it will find favour with the English-readingpublic. The English translation of this editionhas been based on the Hindi rendering of the Gtmade by Syt. Jayadayal Goyandka appearing inthe Gt-Tattva Number of the Hindi monthlyKalyan, published by the Gita Press. In preparingthe present English translation, the translatorshave made use, every now and then, of otherEnglish translations of the Gt, and we expressour grateful acknowledgement for the same.

    In order to add to the utility of this small volumean introduction by Syt. Jayadayal Goyandka anda synopsis of the Gt have been prefixed to thetranslation and an article by the same authorbearing on the Gt has been appended thereto.

    PublisherZ

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    The Greatness of The Gt

    Truly speaking, none has power to describe inwords the glory of the Gt, for it is a bookcontaining the highest esoteric doctrines. It is theessence of the Vedas; its language is so sweet andsimple that man can easily understand it after a

    little practice; but the thoughts are so deep thatnone can arrive at their end even after constantstudy throughout a lifetime. Everyday they exhibitnew facets of Truth, therefore they remain everfresh and new. When scrutinized with aconcentrated mind, possessed of faith andreverence, every verse of the Gt will clearlyappear as full of the deepest mystery. The mannerin which the Gt describes the virtues, glory andsecrets of God, is hardly found in any otherscripture; for in other books, the teachings aregenerally mixed up, more or less, with worldlysubjects; but the Gt uttered by the Lord is suchan incomparable book that not a word will befound in it, which is devoid of some spiritual

    import. That is why r Vedavysa, after describingthe Gt in the Mahbhrata, said in the end:

    SflS Sfl kS kmHThe Gt should be carefully studied, i.e., after

    reading the text, its meaning and idea should begathered and held in the mind. It emanated from

    the lotus-like lips of Bhagavn Viu Himself,from whose navel sprung the lotus. What is theuse of studying the other elaborate scriptures?Moreover, the Lord Himself also described itsglory at the end of the Gt (Vide Chapter XVIIIverses 68 to 71).

    All men, irrespective of Vara and rama,

    possess the right to study the Gt; the onlyqualifications needed are faith and reverence, forit is Gods injunction to propagate the Gt onlyamong His devotees, and He further said thatwomen, Vaiyas, udras and even men born ofsinful wombs can attain the supreme state ofsalvation, if they cultivate devotion to Him. Andthrough worship of Him by the performance oftheir own nature-born duties, men can attainperfection (Chapter XVIII verse 46). Reflectionon these verses make it clear that all men haveequal right to God-realization.

    But owing to lack of understanding of the truthbehind this subject, many persons who have only

    heard the name of the Gt, make this assertionthat the book is intended only for monks andascetics, and they refrain from placing the bookfor study before their children out of fear lestthrough knowledge of the Gt the latterrenounce their hearths and homes and turn asceticsthemselves. But they should consider the fact thatArjuna, who had, due to infatuation, preparedhimself to turn away from the duty of a Katriya

    (6)

    (7)

    and live on alms, being influenced by the mostsecret and mysterious teachings of the Gt, livedthe life of a householder all his life and performedhis duties; how can that very Gt produce thisdiametrically opposite result?

    Therefore, men who desire their own welfareshould give up this delusion and with utmost faithand reverence induce their children to study theGt understanding the meaning and the underlyingidea of every verse, and while studying and

    reflecting on it themselves, should, according tothe injunction of the Lord, earnestly take tospiritual practice. For obtaining this most valuablehuman body, it is improper to waste even a singlemoment of ones time in indulging in transientenjoyments, the roots of sorrow.

    Principal Teachings of the GtFor His own realization, God has laid down in

    the Gt two principal ways(1) Skhyayoga,and (2) Karmayoga. Of these

    (1) All objects being unreal like the water ina mirage, or the creation of a dream, Guas, whichare the products of My, move in the Guas,understanding this, the sense of doership should

    be lost with regard to all activities of the mind,senses and the body (Chapter V verses 8-9), andbeing established ever in identity with all-pervading God, the embodiment of Truth,Knowledge and Bliss, consciousness should be

    lost of the existence of any other being but God.This is the practice of Skhyayoga.

    (2) Regarding everything as belonging to God,maintaining equanimity in successor failure, renouncingattachment and the desire for fruit, all works shouldbe done according to Gods behests and only forthe sake of God (Chapter II verse 48; Chapter Vverse 10); and, with utmost faith and reverence,surrendering oneself to God through mind, speechand body, constant meditation on Gods Form withremembrance of His names, virtues and glory,should be practised (Chapter VI verse 47). This isthe practice of Yoga by disinterested action.

    The result of both these practices being thesame, they are regarded as one in reality (ChapterV verses 4-5). But during the period of practice,they being different according to the qualificationsof the Sdhaka, the two paths have been separatelydescribed (Chapter III verse 3). Therefore, thesame man cannot tread both the paths at one andthe same time, even as though there may be tworoads to the Ganges, a person cannot proceed byboth the paths at the same time. Out of these,Karmayoga cannot be practised in the stage ofSannysa, for in that stage renunciation of Karma

    in every form has been advised. The practiceof Skhyayoga, however, is possible in everyrama, or stage of life.

    If it is argued that the Lord has describedSkhyayoga as synonymous with Sannysa,

    (8)

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    therefore, Sannyss or monks alone are entitled topractise it, and not householders, the argument isuntenable, because in the course of His descriptionof Skhyayoga in Chapter II verses 11 to 30, theLord, here and there, showed to Arjuna that hewas qualified to fight, even according to that

    standard. If householders were ever disqualifiedfor Skhyayoga, how could these statements ofthe Lord be reconciled? True, there is this specialsaving clause that the Sdhaka qualified for thepath of Skhya should be devoid of identificationwith the body; for so long as there is identificationof the ego with the body, the practice ofSkhyayoga cannot be properly understood. Thatis why the Lord described the practice ofSkhyayoga as difficult (Chapter V verse 6) anddisinterested Karmayoga, being easier of practice,the Lord exhorted Arjuna, every now and then, topractise it, together with constant meditation on him.

    r flLLL Sfl Sfl-fl X .flS S fl fl S HWe bow to that Supreme Purua, Nryaa,

    who is extolled even by great gods like Brahm,Varua (the god of water), Indra (the god of rain),

    (9)

    Rudra (the god of destruction), and the Maruts(the wind-gods) through celestial hymns; whoseglories are sung by those proficient in chantingthe Smaveda through the Vedas along with thesix Agas (branches of knowledge auxiliary to theVedas), Pada (division of the Vedic text into

    separate words), Krama and Ja (particular formsof reciting the Vedas) and the Upaniads; who isperceived by the Yogs by means of their mindmade steady through meditation and fixed on theLord; and whose reality is not known even togods and Asuras.

    k flfl flZ X fl flc fl flHObeisance to Viu, the dispeller of the fear

    of rebirths, the one Lord of all the regions,possessed of a tranquil form, lying on a bed ofsnake, from whose navel has sprung the lotus, theLord of all celestials, the support ofthe universe, similar to the sky, possessed of thecolour of a cloud and possessed of handsomelimbs, the Lord of Lakm (the Goddess of Wealth),having lotus-like eyes, and realized by Yogs inmeditation.

    Jayadayal Goyandka

    (10)

    Synopsis of the Gt

    No. of Verse Subject DiscussedChapter I entitled

    The Yoga of Dejection of Arjuna

    1111Description of the principal warriorson both sides with their fighting qualities.1219 Blowing of conches by the warriors on

    both sides.2027Arjuna observes the warriors drawn up

    for battle.2847Overwhelmed by infatuation, Arjuna

    gives expression to his faint-heartedness,

    tenderness and grief.

    Chapter II entitledSkhyayoga (the Yoga of Knowledge)

    2110 Arjuna and r Ka discussingArjunas faint-heartedness.

    1130Skhyayoga (the Yoga of Knowledge)described.

    3138 The Katriyas duty to engage himselfin fight.

    3953 Karmayoga (the Yoga of SelflessAction) described.

    5472Marks of the man of stable mind andhis glories described.

    Chapter III entitled

    Karmayoga, or the Yoga of Action

    218 Importance of the performance of duty,in a detached way, according to bothJnayoga and Karmayoga.

    916The necessity of performing sacrifices,etc.

    1724 The necessity for action on the partof the wise, and even on the part ofGod Himself, for the good of the world.

    2535Marks of the wise and the unwise;instruction about performance of actionwithout attraction and repulsion.

    3643How to overcome desire.

    Chapter IV entitled The Yoga of Knowledge as well as the

    disciplines of Action and Knowledge 118The glory of God with attributes;

    (12)

    No. of Verse Subject Discussed

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    of God with Form and without Form,and the means of God-realization.

    1320 Marks of the God-realized soul.Chapter XIII entitled

    The Yoga of Discrimination betweenthe Field and the Knower of the Field

    118 The subject of Field and the Knowerof the Field, together with Knowledge.

    1934 The subject of Prakti and Purua (Matterand Spirit) together with knowledge.

    Chapter XIV entitled

    The Yoga of Division ofthree Guas

    14 The glory of Knowledge; evolution ofthe world from Prakti and Purua.

    518 The qualities of Sattva, Rajas and Tamasdescribed.

    1927 Means of God-realization, and marks ofthe soul who has transcended the Guas.

    Chapter XV entitledThe Yoga of the Supreme Person

    16 Description of the Universe as a treeand the means of God-realization.

    (17)

    No. of Verse Subject Discussed

    711 The Jvtm, or individual soul.1215 God and His Glory described.1620 The perishable (bodies of all beings),

    the imperishable (Jvtm) and the

    Supreme Person.Chapter XVI entitled The Yoga ofDivision between the Divine

    and the Demoniacal Properties15 The Divine and the demoniacal

    properties described with their fruit.620 Marks of man possessed of the

    demoniacal properties and theirdamnation described.

    2124 Instruction about renouncingconduct opposed to the scriptures andexhortation to follow the scriptures.

    Chapter XVII entitled

    The Yoga of the Division of theThreefold Faith

    16 Discussion on Faith and on the fate ofmen who perform austere penance notenjoined by the scriptures.

    722 Different kinds of food, sacrifice,penance and charity described.

    (18)

    No. of Verse Subject Discussed

    2328 The meaning and intention of utteringO Tat Sat explained.

    Chapter XVIII entitledThe Yoga of Liberation through the

    Path of Knowledge and Self-Surrender

    112 The subject of Tyga or Relinquishment.1318 Causes of Karma according to the

    Skhya system.1940Classification of knowledge, action,

    doer, reason, firmness and joy accordingto the three Guas.

    4148 Duties attaching to each caste and thefruit of their performance.

    4955 The path of Knowledge described.5666The path of Karmayoga, or selfless

    action, together with Devotion.6778 The glory of the Gt described.

    God-realization through Practice

    of Renunciation. ....... 205224Z

    (19)

    No. of Verse Subject Discussed

    c fl

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    The Bhagavadgt

    The Song Divine

    Chapter I c fl

    L fl fl flfl fl H 1H

    Dhtarra said: Sajaya, gathered on the holyland of Kuruketra, eager to fight, what did mysons and the sons of Pu do? (1)

    fl

    cfl fl SX flflH 2H

    Sajaya said: At that time, seeing the army ofthe Pavas drawn up for battle and approachingDrocrya, King Duryodhana spoke the followingwords : (2)

    fl c H 3H

    Behold, O Revered Master, the mighty armyof the sons of Pu arrayed for battle by yourtalented pupil, Dhadyumna, son of Drupada. (3)

    22

    cfl fl H 4Hc flflL XflH 5H fl flfl

    fl fl H 6HThere are in this army, heroes wielding mightybows and equal in military prowess to Bhma andArjunaStyaki and Vira and the Mahrath(warrior chief) Drupada; Dhaketu, Cekitna andthe valiant King of K, and Purujit, Kuntibhoja,and aibya, the best of men, and mightyYudhmanyu, and valiant Uttamauj, Abhimanyu,the son of Subhadr, and the five sons of Draupadall of them Mahraths (warrior chiefs). (46)S flc m S Z fl H 7H

    O best of Brhmaas, know them also who arethe principal warriors on our side the generalsof my army. For your information I mentionthem. (7)flc fl fl Sfl H 8H

    Yourself and Bhma and Kara and Kpa, whois ever victorious in battle; and even so Avatthm,Vikara and Bhurirav (the son of Somadatta); (8)

    Bhagavadgt [Ch. 1

    23

    fl QflS fl hfl H 9 H

    And there are many other heroes, equipped withvarious weapons and missiles, who have stakedtheir lives for me, all skilled in warfare. (9)

    S c fl H 10H

    This army of ours, fully protected by Bhma,is unconquerable; while that army of theirs, guarded

    in everyway by Bhma, is easy to conquer.(10) fl flScfl fl fl fl H 11H

    Therefore, stationed in your respective positionson all fronts, do you all guard Bhma in particularon all sides. (11)

    S Z Lflh fll W flH 12H

    The grand old man of the Kaurava race, theirglorious grand-patriarch Bhma, cheering upDuryodhana, roared terribly like a lion and blewhis conch. (12) W fl fl SflH 13H

    Then conchs, kettledrums, tabors, drums andtrumpets suddenly blared forth and the noise wastumultuous. (13)

    Text 913] Bhagavadgt 24

    fl Q S Sfl flfl W H 14H

    Then, seated in a glorious chariot drawn bywhite horses, r Ka as well as Arjuna blewtheir celestial conchs. (14)

    N fl W fl H 15H

    r Ka blew His conch named Pcajanya;Arjuna, Devadatta; while Bhma of ferocious deeds

    blew his mighty conch Paura. (15)fl c fl cH 16H

    King Yudhihira, son of Kunt, blew his conchAnantavijaya, while Nakula and Sahadeva blewtheirs, known as Sughoa and Maipupakarespectively. (16)

    cfl cl fl H 17H fl fl W H 18H

    And the excellent archer, the King of K, andikha the Mahrath (the great chariot-warrior),

    Dhadyumna and Vira, and invincible Styaki,Drupada as well as the five sons of Draupad, andthe mighty-armed Abhimanyu, son of Subhadr,all of them, O lord of the earth, severally blewtheir respective conchs from all sides. (17-18)

    Bhagavadgt [Ch. 1

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    25

    c N fl fl H 19H

    And the terrible sound, echoing through heavenand earth, rent the hearts of Dhtarras army. (19)

    flSc fl c fl

    fl S Ll flH 20HN fl fl

    L S H 21HNow, O lord of the earth, seeing your sons

    arrayed against him and when missiles were readyto be hurled, Arjuna, who had the figure ofHanumn on the flag of his chariot, took up hisbow and then addressed the following words tor Ka; Ka, place my chariot between thetwo armies. (20-21)

    fl flS hS lH 22H

    And keep it there till I have carefully observedthese warriors drawn up for battle, and have seenwith whom I have to engage in this fight. (22)

    Sfl c S hh flH 23H

    I shall scan the well-wishers of evil-mindedDuryodhana, in this war whoever have assembledon his side and are ready for the fight. (23)

    Text 1923] Bhagavadgt 26

    fl

    flQ N L Sfl H 24Hc fl fl flMH 25H

    Sajaya said: O king, thus addressed by Arjuna,r Ka placed the magnificent chariot betweenthe two armies in front of Bhma, Droa and allthe kings and said, Arjuna, behold these Kauravasassembled here. (24-25)

    S S H 26Hfl N fl L

    Now Arjuna saw stationed there in both thearmies his uncles, grand-uncles and teachers, evengreat grand-uncles, maternal uncles, brothers andcousins, sons and nephews, and grand-nephews,even so friends, fathers-in-law and well-wishers

    as well. (26 & first half of 27) flflSH 27H flc flfl

    Seeing all the relations present there, Arjunawas overcome with deep compassion and spokethus in sorrow.

    (Second half of 27 and first half of 28)

    Bhagavadgt [Ch. 1

    27

    fl

    c fl Sfl c SH 28H cfl H 29H

    Arjuna said: Ka, as I see these kinsmen arrayedfor battle, my limbs give way, and my mouth isgetting parched; nay, a shiver runs through my bodyand hair stands on end.

    (Second half of 28 and 29)

    fl d Sflfl s flS fl H 30H

    The bow, Gva, slips from my hand andmy skin too burns all over; my mind is whirling,as it were, and I can no longer hold myselfsteady. (30)

    fl fl fl Sfl flH 31H

    And, Keava, I see such omens of evil, nor do I seeany good in killing my kinsmen in battle. (31)

    flc

    fl fl flH 32HKa, I do not covet victory, nor kingdom,

    nor pleasures. Govinda, of what use will kingdomor luxuries or even life be to us! (32)

    Text 2832] Bhagavadgt 28

    flS h Sfl H 33H Sfl fl SH 34H

    Those very persons for whose sake we covetthe kingdom, luxuries and pleasuresteachers,uncles, sons and nephews and even so, grand-uncles and great grand-uncles, maternal uncles,fathers-in-law, grand-nephews, brothers-in-law andother relationsare here arrayed on the battlefieldstaking their lives and wealth. (33-34)

    S H 35H

    O Slayer of Madhu, I do not want to kill them,even though they slay me, even for the sovereigntyover the three worlds; how much the less forthe kingdom here on earth! (35)

    c SflS fl H 36H

    Ka, how can we hope to be happy slaying

    the sons of Dhtarra; by killing even thesedesperadoes, sin will surely accrue to us. (36)

    S fl c SflflSfl fl S flH 37H

    Bhagavadgt [Ch. 1

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    29

    Therefore, Ka, it does not behove us to killour relations, the sons of Dhtarra. For, how canwe be happy after killing our own kinsmen? (37)

    l H 38H

    S Sfl jH 39HEven though these people, with their mind

    blinded by greed, perceive no evil in destroyingtheir own race and no sin in treason to friends,why should not we, O Ka, who see clearly thesin accruing from the destruction of ones family,think of desisting from committing this fouldeed. (38-39)

    c S flH 40H

    Age-long family traditions disappear with thedestruction of a family; and virtue having been

    lost, vice takes hold of the entire race. (40)flc c SS c flc flV H 41H

    With the preponderance of vice, Ka, thewomen of the family become corrupt; and withthe corruption of women, O descendant of Vi,there ensues an intermixture of castes. (41)

    Text 3841] Bhagavadgt 30

    V fl S s H 42H

    Progeny due to promiscuity damns thedestroyers of the race as well as the race itself.Deprived of the offerings of rice and water (rddha,Tarpaa etc.,) the manes of their race also fall. (42)

    flV l flH 43H

    Through these evils bringing about anintermixture of castes, the age-long caste traditionsand family customs of the killers of kinsmen getextinct. (43)

    c fl flH 44H

    Ka, we hear that men who have lost theirfamily traditions dwell in hell for an indefiniteperiod of time. (44)

    Z fl fl SfllH 45H

    Oh what a pity! Though possessed of intelligencewe have set our mind on the commission of agreat sin; that due to lust for throne and enjoymentwe are intent on killing our own kinsmen. (45)

    S S c S flH 46H

    Bhagavadgt [Ch. 1

    31

    It would be better for me if the sons ofDhtarra, armed with weapons, kill me in battle,while I am unarmed and unresisting. (46)

    fl

    flfl S flfl flH 47H

    Sajaya said: Arjuna, whose mind was agitatedby grief on the battlefield, having spoken thus,and having cast aside his bow and arrows, sank

    into the hinder part of his chariot. (47)

    jfl rfllS cfl fl

    H 1HThus, in the Upaniad sung by the Lord, the

    Science of Brahma, the scripture of Yoga, thedialogue between r Ka and Arjuna, ends thefirst chapter entitled The Yoga of Dejection ofArjuna.

    Z

    Text 47] Bhagavadgt

    Chapter II

    fl

    flcfl flfl H 1H

    Sajaya said : r Ka then addressed thefollowing words to Arjuna, who was, as mentionedbefore, overwhelmed with pity, whose eyes werefilled with tears and agitated, and who was full

    of sorrow. (1)flfl

    Sfl fl Sc Sfl H 2H

    r Bhagavn said : Arjuna, how has thisinfatuation overtaken you at this odd hour? It isshunned by noble souls; neither will it bringheaven, nor fame to you. (2)

    S fll N flc H 3H

    Yield not to unmanliness, Arjuna; this doesnot become you. Shaking off this base faint-heartedness stand-up, O scorcher of enemies.(3)

    fl c S fl H 4H

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    33

    Arjuna said : How Ka, shall I fight Bhmaand Droa with arrows on the battlefield? Theyare worthy of deepest reverence, O destroyer offoes. (4)

    M fl fl Q

    flS M fl L H 5H

    It is better to live on alms in this world withoutslaying these noble elders, because even afterkilling them we shall after all enjoy onlybloodstained pleasures in the form of wealth andsense-enjoyments. (5) mk -

    m fl fl fl fl-

    SflS cH 6HWe do not even know which is preferable for

    usto fight or not to fight; nor do we know whetherwe shall win or whether they will conquer us. Thosevery sons of Dhtarra, killing whom we do noteven wish to live, stand in the enemy ranks. (6)

    Sflfl fl

    S cS fl H 7H

    Text 57] Bhagavadgt 34

    With my very being smitten by the vice offaint-heartedness and my mind puzzled with regardto duty, I beseech You! tell me that which isdecidedly good; I am your disciple. Pray, instructme, who have taken refuge in You. (7)

    l

    fl flh- H 8H

    For even on obtaining undisputed sovereigntyand an affluent kingdom on this earth and lordshipover the gods, I do not see any means thatcan drive away the grief which is drying up mysenses. (8)

    fl

    flfl N S flfl c fl H 9 H

    Sajaya said : O King, having thus spokento r Ka, Arjuna again said to Him, I willnot fight, and became silent. (9)

    fl N fl L fl flH 10H

    Then, O Dhtarra, r Ka, as if smilingaddressed the following words to grieving Arjunain the midst of the two armies. (10)

    Bhagavadgt [Ch. 2

    35

    flfl

    flSfl fl H 11H

    r Bhagavn said: Arjuna, you grieve overthose who should not be grieved for and yet speaklike the learned; wise men do not sorrow over thedead or the living. (11)

    flfl fl fl flc fl fl H 12H

    In fact, there was never a time when I was not,or when you or these kings were not. Nor is it afact that hereafter we shall all cease to be. (12)

    S fl S sH 13H

    Just as boyhood, youth and old age areattributed to the soul through this body, even soit attains another body. The wise man does notget deluded about this. (13)

    SS cSS Sfl H 14H

    O son of Kunt, the contacts between the sensesand their objects, which give rise to the feelings of

    heat and cold, pleasure and pain etc., are transitoryand fleeting; therefore, Arjuna, endure them. (14)

    L L fl H 15H

    Text 1115] Bhagavadgt 36

    Arjuna, the wise man to whom pain and pleasureare alike, and who is not tormented by thesecontacts, becomes eligible for immortality. (15)

    fll fl fl fll c SflSflH 16H

    The unreal has no existence, and the real neverceases to be; the reality of both has thus beenperceived by the seers of Truth. (16)

    fl mh fl flSS H 17H

    Know that alone to be imperishable whichpervades this universe; for no one has power todestroy this indestructible substance. (17)

    fl SQ S SlSfl H 18H

    All these bodies pertaining to the imperishable,indefinable and eternal soul are spoken of asperishable; therefore, Arjuna, fight. (18)

    fl fl H 19H

    Both of them are ignorant, he who considers thesoul to be capable of killing and he who takes it askilled; for verily the soul neither kills, nor is killed. (19)

    fl - fl fl fl fl -

    H 20H

    Bhagavadgt [Ch. 2

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    37

    The soul is never born, nor it ever dies; nordoes it become only after being born. For, it isunborn, eternal, everlasting and primeval; eventhough the body is slain, the soul is not. (20)

    flfl L H 21H

    Arjuna, the man who knows this soul to beimperishable; eternal and free from birth anddecayhow and whom will he cause to be killed,how and whom will he kill? (21)

    fl fl fl

    fl - fl H 22H

    As a man shedding worn-out garments, takesother new ones, likewise, the embodied soul, castingoff worn-out bodies, enters into others that arenew. (22)

    S fl LH 23H

    Weapons cannot cut it nor can fire burn it;water cannot wet it nor can wind dry it. (23)

    lslc fl fl S H 24H

    For this soul is incapable of being cut, or burntby fire; nor can it be dissolved by water and is undriableby air as well; This soul is eternal, omnipresent,immovable, constant and everlasting. (24)

    Text 2124] Bhagavadgt 38

    Qfl Sfl flfl H 25H

    This soul is unmanifest; it is incomprehensibleand it is spoken of as immutable. Therefore,knowing it as such, you should not grieve. (25)

    fl fl fl H 26H

    And, Arjuna, if you should suppose this soulto be subject to constant birth and death, eventhen you should not grieve like this. (26)

    S fl fl S S fl H 27H

    For, in that case death is certain for the born,and rebirth is inevitable for the dead. You shouldnot, therefore, grieve over the inevitable. (27)

    Q Q Qfl flH 28H

    Arjuna, before birth beings are not manifest toour human senses; on death they return to theunmanifest again. They are manifest only in theinterim between birth and death. What occasion,then, for lamentation? (28)

    fl -flm fl

    fl ofl fl fl H 29H

    Bhagavadgt [Ch. 2

    39

    Hardly anyone perceives this soul as marvellous,scarce another likewise speaks thereof asmarvellous, and scarce another hears of it asmarvellous, while there are some who know itnot even on hearing of it. (29)

    fl flS Sfl fl H 30H

    Arjuna, this soul dwelling in the bodies ofall, can never be slain; therefore, you should notmourn for anyone. (30)

    Sfl fl fl h h S fllH 31HBesides, considering your own duty too, you

    should not waver, for there is nothing morewelcome for a man of the warrior class than arighteous war. (31)

    Sflm fl hH 32H

    Arjuna, happy are the Katriyas who get suchan unsolicited opportunity for war, which is anopen gateway to heaven. (32)

    fl Z c SflZ fl flSH 33H

    Now, if you refuse to fight this righteous war,then, shirking your duty and losing your reputation,you will incur sin. (33)

    c flS H 34H

    Text 3034] Bhagavadgt 40

    Nay, people will also pour undying infamy onyou; and infamy brought on a man enjoyingpopular esteem is worse than death. (34)

    S fl fl fl S flH 35H

    And the warrior-chiefs who thought highly ofyou, will now despise you, thinking that it wasfear which drove you away from battle. (35)

    flfl flc fl

    Sfl Z H 36HAnd your enemies, disparaging your might, willspeak many unbecoming words; what can be moredistressing than this? (36)

    fl S SflZ fl fl Sc h H 37H

    Die, and you will win heaven; conquer, andyou enjoy sovereignty of the earth; therefore, standup, Arjuna, determined to fight. (37)

    fl h Sfl fl flSH 38H

    Treating alike victory and defeat, gain andloss, pleasure and pain, get ready for the battle;

    fighting thus you will not incur sin. (38) h fl ohK Q SH 39H

    Arjuna, this attitude of mind has been presented

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    to you from the point of view of Jnayoga; nowhear the same as presented from the standpoint ofKarmayoga (the Yoga of selfless action). Equippedwith this attitude of mind, you will be able tothrow off completely the shackles of Karma. (39)

    S fl fll

    SflS S H 40HIn this path (of disinterested action) there isno loss of effort, nor is there fear of contrary result,even a little practice of this discipline saves onefrom the terrible fear of birth and death. (40)

    fl h L s hflH 41H

    Arjuna, in this Yoga (of disinterested action)the intellect is determinate and directed singlytowards one ideal; whereas the intellect of theundecided (ignorant men moved by desires) wandersin all directions, after innumerable aims. (41)

    c fl flflflfl S flH 42H

    Sfl fl fl H 43HflQ N fl h flH 44H

    Arjuna, those who are full of worldly desires anddevoted to the letter of the Vedas, who look uponheaven, as the supreme goal and argue that thereis nothing beyond heaven are unwise. They utter

    Text 4044] Bhagavadgt 42

    flowery speech recommending many rituals of variouskinds for the attainment of pleasure and power withrebirth as their fruit. Those whose minds are carriedaway by such words, and who are deeply attachedto pleasures and worldly power, cannot attain thedeterminate intellect concentrated on God.(4244)

    fl fl S flmm flS flH 45HArjuna, the Vedas thus deal with the evolutes

    of the three Guas (modes of Prakti), viz., worldlyenjoyments and the means of attaining such enjoy-ments; be thou indifferent to these enjoyments andtheir means, rising above pairs of opposites likepleasure and pain etc., established in the EternalExistence (God), absolutely unconcerned about thefulfilment of wants and the preservation of what hasbeen already attained, and self-controlled. (45)

    fl fl flfl fl rS flH 46H

    A Brhmaa, who has obtained enlightenment,

    has as much use for all the Vedas as one whostands at the brink of a sheet of water overflowingon all sides has for a small reservoir of water. (46)

    fl S XSflH 47H

    Your right is to work only and never to the fruitthereof. Do not be the cause of the fruit of action;nor let your attachment be to inaction. (47)

    Bhagavadgt [Ch. 2

    43

    S L X fl hKhK fl fl H 48H

    Arjuna, perform your duties established inYoga, renouncing attachment, and be even-mindedin success and failure; evenness of mind iscalled Yoga. (48)

    sfl hhh fl flH 49H

    Action with a selfish motive is far inferior tothis Yoga in the form of equanimity. Do seek refuge

    in this equipoise of mind, Arjuna; for poor andwretched are those who are instrumental in makingtheir actions bear fruit. (49)

    hQ cSl Sfl H 50H

    Endowed with equanimity, one sheds in thislife both good and evil. Therefore, strive for thepractice of this Yoga of equanimity. Skill in actionlies in the practice of this Yoga. (50)

    hQ fl flQ H 51H

    For, wise men possessing equipoised mind,renouncing the fruit of actions and freed from theshackles of birth, attain the blissful supreme state. (51)

    h c fl S S H 52H

    When your mind will have fully crossed themire of delusion, you will then grow indifferent

    Text 4852] Bhagavadgt 44

    to the enjoyments of this world and the nextthat have been heard of as well as to those thatare yet to be heard of. (52)

    fl SS fl hS flSH 53H

    When your intellect, confused by hearingconflicting statements, will rest steady andundistracted in meditation on God, you will thenattain Yoga (everlasting union with God). (53)

    fl

    SS SS flS fl H 54H

    Arjuna said : Ka, what is the definition(mark) of a God-realized soul, stable of mindand established in Samdhi (perfect tranquillityof mind)? How does the man of stable mind speak,how does he sit, how does he walk? (54)

    flfl fl fl c SSH 55H

    r Bhagavn said: Arjuna, when one thoroughlycasts off all cravings of the mind, and is satisfiedin the Self through the joy of the Self, he is thencalled stable of mind. (55)

    cflm flS fl SLH 56H

    The sage, whose mind remains unperturbed amidsorrows, whose thirst for pleasures has altogether

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    disappeared, and who is free from passion, fearand anger, is called stable of mind. (56) flS S mc S cH 57H

    He who is unattached to everything, and meetingwith good and evil, neither rejoices nor recoils,his mind is stable. (57)

    Xfl flSS cH 58H

    When, like a tortoise, that draws in its limbsfrom all directions, he withdraws all his senses fromthe sense-objects, his mind becomes steady. (58)

    fl flfl S flZ S c fl flH 59H

    Sense-objects turn away from him, who does notenjoy them with his senses; but the taste for thempersists. This relish also disappears in the case ofthe man of stable mind when he realizes the Supreme. (59) s LS fl H 60H

    Turbulent by nature, the senses (not free fromattachment) even of a wise man, who is practisingself-control, forcibly carry away his mind, Arjuna.(60)

    fl Q fl S S c H 61H

    Therefore, having controlled all the senses andconcentrating his mind, he should sit formeditation, devoting himself heart and soul to Me.

    Text 5761] Bhagavadgt 46

    For, he whose senses are under his control, isknown to have a stable mind. (61)

    fl XSX H 62H

    The man dwelling on sense-objects develops attach-ment for them; from attachment springs up desire,

    and from desire (unfulfilled) ensues anger. (62)jfl SflS h hH 63H

    From anger arises delusion; from delusion,confusion of memory; from confusion of memory,loss of reason; and from loss of reason one goesto complete ruin. (63)

    mflQS fl flfl H 64H

    But the self-controlled Sdhaka, while enjoyingthe various sense-objects through his senses,which are disciplined and free from likes anddislikes, attains placidity of mind. (64)

    fl S s h flc H 65HWith the attainment of such placidity of mind, all

    his sorrows come to an end; and the intellect of sucha person of tranquil mind soon withdrawing itselffrom all sides, becomes firmly established in God. (65)S h QS QS fl fl S H 66H

    Bhagavadgt [Ch. 2

    47

    He who has not controlled his mind andsenses can have no determinate intellect, norcontemplation. Without contemplation, he canhave no peace; and how can there be happinessfor one lacking peace of mind? (66)

    flS flflflH 67H

    As the wind carries away a boat upon the waters,even so of the senses moving among sense-objects,the one to which the mind is attached, takes away

    his discrimination. (67)SlS flSS c H 68H

    Therefore, Arjuna, he, whose senses arecompletely restrained from their objects, is saidto have a stable mind. (68)

    fl S S H 69H

    That which is night to all beings, in that stateof Divine Knowledge and Supreme Bliss the God-realized Yog keeps awake, and that (the ever-changing, transient worldly happiness) in whichall beings keep awake, is night to the seer. (69)

    c - fl mm fl fl

    H 70H

    Text 6770] Bhagavadgt 48

    As the waters of different rivers enter theocean, which, though full on all sides, remainsundisturbed; likewise, he, in whom all enjoymentsmerge themselves without causing disturbance,attains peace; not he who hankers after suchenjoyments. (70)

    fl fl S V H 71H

    He who has given up all desires, and movesfree from attachment, egoism and thirst for

    enjoyment attains peace. (71) r S flsSflS rfl H 72H

    Arjuna, such is the state of the God-realizedsoul; having reached this state, he overcomesdelusion. And established in this state, even atthe last moment, he attains Brahmic Bliss. (72)

    jfl rfll

    S cfl

    mH 2H

    Thus, in the Upaniad sung by the Lord, the

    Science of Brahma, the scripture of Yoga, the dialoguebetween r Ka and Arjuna, ends the second chapterentitled Skhyayoga (the Yoga of Knowledge).Z

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    fl

    S h

    flH 1HArjuna said : Ka if You consider Knowledgeas superior to Action, why then do You urge meto this dreadful action, Keava! (1)fl fl h fl fl H 2H

    You are, as it were, puzzling my mind by theseseemingly conflicting expressions; therefore, tellme the one definite discipline by which I mayobtain the highest good. (2)

    flflSmfl c Q H 3H

    r Bhagavn said: Arjuna, in this world twocourses of Sdhan (spiritual discipline) have beenenunciated by Me in the past. In the case of theSkhyayog, the Sdhan proceeds along the pathof Knowledge; whereas in the case of the Karma-yog, it proceeds along the path of Action. (3)

    cZ L fl h H 4H

    50

    Man does not attain freedom from action(culmination of the discipline of Action) withoutentering upon action; nor does he reach perfection(culmination of the discipline of Knowledge)merely by ceasing to act. (4)

    c

    sfl fl H 5HSurely, none can ever remain inactive even fora moment; for, everyone is helplessly driven toaction by modes of Prakti. (5)

    S S fl H 6H

    He who outwardly restraining the organs ofsense and action, sits mentally dwelling on theobjects of senses, that man of deluded intellect iscalled a hypocrite. (6)

    Sfl Q flcH 7H

    On the other hand, he who controlling the organs

    of sense and action by the power of his will, andremaining unattached, undertakes the Yoga of selflessAction through those organs, Arjuna, he excels. (7)

    L fl s hKH 8H

    Therefore, do you perform your allotted duty;for action is superior to inaction. Desisting fromaction, you cannot even maintain your body. (8)

    Bhagavadgt [Ch. 3

    51

    Z QX H 9 H

    Man is bound by his own action except whenit is performed for the sake of sacrifice. Therefore,Arjuna, do you efficiently perform your duty, freefrom attachment, for the sake of sacrifice alone. (9)

    c fl fl flcfl flSflcH 10H

    Having created mankind along with (the spiritof) sacrifice at the beginning of creation, the creator,Brahm, said to them, You shall prosper by this;may this yield the enjoyments you seek. (10)

    flfl fl fl fl S fl flSH 11H

    Foster the gods through this sacrifice, and letthe gods be gracious to you. Thus, each fosteringthe other selflessly, you will attain the highestgood. (11)

    c fl fl S fl Q S fl H 12H

    Fostered by sacrifice, the gods will surelybestow on you unasked all the desired enjoyments.He who enjoys the gifts bestowed by them without

    offering anything to them in return, is undoubtedlya thief. (12)

    c fl fl H 13H

    Text 913] Bhagavadgt 52

    The virtuous who partake of what is left overafter sacrifice, are absolved of all sins. Thosesinful ones who cook for the sake of nourishingtheir bodies alone, partake of sin only. (13)

    jfl fljfl jflH 14H rjfl flh r jflSfl r c H 15H

    All beings are evolved from food; production

    of food is dependent on rain; rain ensues fromsacrifice, and sacrifice is rooted in prescribedaction. Know that prescribed action has itsorigin in the Vedas, and the Vedas proceed fromthe Indestructible (God); hence the all-pervadingInfinite is always present in sacrifice. (14-15)

    fl fl fl flH 16H

    Arjuna, he who does not follow the wheel ofcreation thus set going in this world i.e., does notperform his duties, leads a sinful and sensual life,he lives in vain. (16)

    Sfl fl S flfl c SS Z fllH 17H

    He, however, who takes delight in the Self aloneand is gratified with the Self, and is contented inthe Self, has no duty. (17)

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    fl S S fl H 18H

    In this world that great soul has nothingto gain by action nor by abstaining from action;nor has he selfish dependence of any kind onany creature. (18)

    SQ Z Q s LH 19HTherefore, go on efficiently doing your duty

    at all times without attachment. Doing workwithout attachment man attains the Supreme. (19)

    fl hS fl H 20H

    It is through action without attachment alonethat Janaka and other wise men reached perfection.Having in view the maintenance of the world ordertoo, you should take to action. (20)

    l c Sfl L SflH 21H

    For whatever a great man does, that very thing

    other men also do; whatever standard he sets up,the generality of men follow the same. (21)

    S flfl fl fl H 22H

    Arjuna, there is no duty in all the three worldsfor Me to perform, nor is there anything worthattaining, unattained by Me; yet I continue towork. (22)

    Text 1822] Bhagavadgt 54

    s fl flfl c flH 23H

    Should I not engage in action, scrupulously atany time, great harm will come to the world; for,Arjuna, men follow My way in all matters. (23)

    Z

    V S S H 24HIf I ever cease to act, these worlds would perish;

    nay, I should prove to be the cause of confusion,and of the destruction of these people. (24)

    Q flm fl mmSQ H 25H

    Arjuna, as the unwise act with attachment, soshould the wise man, with a view to maintain theworld order, act without attachment. (25)

    h Xfl flmQ H 26H

    A wise man established in the Self should notunsettle the mind of the ignorant attached to action,

    but should get them to perform all their duties,duly performing his own duties. (26)

    fl V fl H 27H

    In fact all actions are being performed by themodes of Prakti (Primordial Matter). The fool,whose mind is deluded by egoism, thinks: I amthe doer. (27)

    Bhagavadgt [Ch. 3

    55

    flfl fl fl fl H 28H

    However, he, who has true insight into therespective spheres of Guas (modes of Prakti) andtheir actions, holding that it is the Guas (in theshape of the senses, mind, etc.,) that move amongthe Guas (objects of perception), does not getattached to them, Arjuna. (28)

    Sfl Sfl flH 29HThose who are completely deluded by the Guas(modes) of Prakti remain attached to those Guasand actions; the man of perfect Knowledge shouldnot unsettle the mind of those ignorants ofimperfect knowledge. (29)

    fl S fl Sfl flfl H 30H

    Therefore, dedicating all actions to Me withyour mind fixed on Me, the Self of all, freed fromdesire and the feeling of meum and cured of mentalagitation, fight. (30)

    c fl

    hfl H 31HEven those men who, with an uncavillingand devout mind, always follow this teachingof Mine are released from the bondage of allactions. (31)

    Text 2831] Bhagavadgt 56

    fl c flfl Sflh c H 32H

    But they, however, who, finding fault with thisteaching of Mine, do not follow it, take thosefools to be deluded in the matter of all knowledgeas lost. (32)

    c SflS fl cH 33H

    All living creatures follow their tendencies; eventhe wise man acts according to the tendencies ofhis own nature. Of what use is any externalrestraint? (33)

    SS m flS fl sS H 34H

    Attraction and repulsion are rooted in all sense-objects. Man should never allow himself to beswayed by them, because they are the two principalenemies standing in the way of his redemption. (34)

    Sfl fl Sflc Sfl fl H 35H

    Ones own duty, though devoid of merit, is preferableto the duty of another well performed. Even deathin the performance of ones own duty brings blessed-

    ness; anothers duty is fraught with fear. (35) fl

    Q L flc fl H 36H

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    Arjuna said : Now impelled by what, Kadoes this man commit sin even involuntarily, asthough driven by force? (36)

    flfl jfl flhK fl H 37H

    r Bhagavn said : It is desire begotten of theelement of Rajas, which appears as wrath; nay, itis insatiable and grossly wicked. Know this to bethe enemy in this case. (37)

    fl fl fl S flH 38H

    As fire is covered by smoke, mirror by dust,and embryo by the amnion, so is knowledgecovered by desire. (38)

    fl fl M c H 39H

    And, Arjuna, Knowledge stands covered by thiseternal enemy of the wise known as desire, whichis insatiable like fire. (39)

    h Sc fl fl H 40H

    The senses, the mind and the intellect are declaredto be its seat; covering the knowledge throughthese, it (desire) deludes the embodied soul. (40)

    Sfl s flH 41H

    Text 3741] Bhagavadgt 58

    Therefore, Arjuna, you must first control yoursenses, and then kill this evil thing which obstructsJna (Knowledge of the Absolute or NirguaBrahma) and Vijna (Knowledge of SkraBrahma or manifest Divinity). (41)

    S h h S H 42HThe senses are said to be greater than thebody; but greater than the senses is the mind.Greater than the mind is the intellect; and whatis greater than the intellect is He, the Self. (42)fl h fl S M H 43H

    Thus, Arjuna, knowing the Self which is higherthan the intellect and subduing the mind by reason,kill this enemy in the form of desire that is hardto overcome. (43)

    jfl rfllS cfl

    H 3HThus, in the Upaniad sung by the Lord,

    the Science of Brahma, the scripture of Yoga,the dialogue between r Ka and Arjuna,ends the third chapter entitled 4Karmayoga, orthe Yoga of Action.Z

    Bhagavadgt [Ch. 3

    Chapter IV

    flfl

    flflSfl Qfl flflSflfl flflflH 1H

    r Bhagavn said: I revealed this immortalYoga to Vivasvn (Sun-god); Vivasvn conveyed

    it to Manu (his son); and Manu imparted it to(his son) Ikvku. (1)

    fl fl c H 2H

    Thus transmitted in succession from father toson, Arjuna, this Yoga remained known to theRjaris (royal sages). Through long lapse oftime, this Yoga got lost to the world. (2)

    fl l Q Q S sH 3H

    The same ancient Yoga, which is the supremesecret, has this day been imparted to you by Me,because you are My devotee and friend. (3)

    fl fl flflSflm fl QflH 4H

    Arjuna said: You are of recent origin, while

    60

    the birth of Vivasvn dates back to remote antiquity.How, then, am I to believe that You imparted thisYoga at the beginning of the creation! (4)

    flfl

    fl fl fl fl fl H 5H

    r Bhagavn said : Arjuna, you and I havepassed through many births, I remember them all;you do not remember, O chastiser of foes. (5)

    fl Sflc flH 6H

    Though birthless and immortal and the Lordof all beings, I manifest Myself through My ownYogamy (divine potency), keeping My nature(Prakti) under control. (6)

    S fl S H 7H

    Arjuna, whenever righteousness is on thedecline, unrighteousness is in the ascendant, thenI body Myself forth. (7)

    fl cS fl H 8H

    For the protection of the virtuous, for theextirpation of evil-doers, and for establishingDharma (righteousness) on a firm footing, I manifestMyself from age to age. (8)

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    fl fl flfl H 9 H

    Arjuna, My birth and activities are divine. Hewho knows this in reality is not reborn on leavinghis body, but comes to Me. (9)

    fl

    fl jflH 10HCompletely rid of attachment, fear and anger,

    wholly absorbed in Me, depending on Me, andpurified by the penance of wisdom, many havebecome one with Me even in the past. (10)

    l Sfl flfl c flH 11H

    Arjuna, howsoever men seek Me, even so doI respond to them; for all men follow My path ineveryway. (11)

    h fl hfl H 12H

    In this world of human beings, men seeking

    the fruition of their activities, worship the gods;for success born of actions follows quickly. (12)

    flZ c flS flhK H 13H

    The four orders of society (viz., the Brhmaa,the Katriya, the Vaiya and the udra) werecreated by Me, classifying them according to theGuas predominant in each and apportioning

    Text 913] Bhagavadgt 62

    corresponding duties to them; though the originatorof this creation, know Me, the Immortal Lord, tobe a non-doer. (13)

    S H 14H

    Since I have no craving for the fruit of actions,

    actions do not taint Me. Even he who thus knowsMe in reality is not bound by actions. (14)

    fl fl fl L fl Sfl fl fl H 15H

    Having known thus, action was performed evenby the ancient seekers for liberation; therefore,do you also perform actions as have been performedby the ancients from antiquity. (15)

    fl fl fl H 16H

    What is action and what is inaction? Even menof intelligence are puzzled over this question.Therefore, I shall expound to you the truth about

    action, knowing which you will be freed from itsevil effects i.e., the shackles of karma. (16)

    s h h fl h H 17H

    The truth about action must be known and thetruth of inaction also must be known; even so,the truth about prohibited action (Vikarma) must beknown. For, mysterious are the ways of action. (17)

    Bhagavadgt [Ch. 4

    63

    hc Q SH 18H

    He who sees inaction in action, and action ininaction, is wise among men; he is a Yog, whohas performed all actions. (18)

    S fl Vfl H 19H

    Even the wise call him a sage, whoseundertakings are all free from desire and Sakalpa

    (thoughts of the world) and whose actions are burntup by the fire of wisdom. (19)

    fl X fl fl H 20H

    He, who, having totally given up attachmentto actions and their fruit, no longer depends onanything in the world, and is ever content, doesnothing at all, though fully engaged in action. (20)

    Qfl fl fl H 21H

    Having subdued his mind and body, and givingup all objects of enjoyment, and free from craving,he who performs sheer bodily action, does not

    incur sin. (21) c mm fl hflh fl H 22H

    The Karmayog, who is contented with

    Text 1822] Bhagavadgt 64

    whatever is got unsought, is free from jealousyand has transcended all pairs of opposites likejoy and grief, and is balanced in success andfailure, is not bound by his action. (22)

    XS QS flS flH 23H

    All his actions get dissolved entirely, who isfree from attachment and has no identificationwith the body; and free from the feeling of mine,whose mind is established in the knowledge of Self

    and who works merely for the sake of sacrifice. (23)r r flr r rfl rH 24H

    In the practice of seeing Brahma everywhere asa form of sacrifice, Brahma is the ladle (with whichoblation is poured into the fire, etc.); Brahma, again,is the oblation; Brahma is the fire, Brahma itself isthe sacrificer and so Brahma itself constitutes theact of pouring the oblation into the fire. And finallyBrahma is the goal to be reached by him who isabsorbed in Brahma as the act of such sacrifice. (24)

    flfl rfl flu H 25H

    Other Yogs duly offer sacrifice only in theshape of worship to gods, while others performsacrifice by offering the self by the Self itself inthe fire of Brahma through the sacrifice knownas the perception of identity. (25)

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    ufl uH 26H

    Others offer as sacrifice their senses of hearingetc., into the fires of self-discipline. Other Yogs,again, offer sound and other objects of perceptioninto the fires of the senses. (26)

    fl u H 27H

    Others sacrifice all the functions of their sensesand the functions of the vital airs (Pra) into thefire of Yoga in the shape of self-control, kindledby wisdom. (27)

    S S Sfl flH 28H

    Some perform sacrifice with materialpossessions;some offer sacrifice in the shape of austerities;others sacrifice through the practice of Yoga; whilesome striving souls, observing austere vows,

    perform sacrifice in the shape of wisdom throughthe study of sacred texts. (28)

    u Lfl H 29H ufl fl H 30H

    Other Yogs offer the act of exhalation into

    Text 2630] Bhagavadgt 66

    that of inhalation; even so, others the act ofinhalation into that of exhalation. There are stillothers given to the practice of Pryma (breath-control), who having regulated their diet andcontrolled the processes of exhalation andinhalation both pour their vital airs into the vital

    airs themselves. All these have their sins consumedaway by sacrifice and understand the meaning ofsacrificial worship. (29-30)

    c r SS LH 31H

    Arjuna, Yogs who enjoy the nectar that hasbeen left over after the performance of a sacrificeattain the eternal Brahma. To the man who doesnot offer sacrifice, even this world is not happy;how, then, can the other world be happy? (31)

    fl fl fl r flh flfl fl flH 32H

    Many such forms of sacrifice have been setforth in detail in the Vedas; know them all asinvolving the action of mind, senses and body.Thus, knowing the truth about them you shall befreed from the bondage of action (through theirperformance). (32)

    l flZ H 33H

    Bhagavadgt [Ch. 4

    67

    Arjuna, sacrifice through Knowledge is superiorto sacrifice performed with material things. Forall actions without exception culminate inKnowledge, O son of Kunt. (33)

    mh fl SflH 34H

    Understand the true nature of that Knowledgeby approaching illumined soul. If you prostrate attheir feet, render them service, and question them

    with an open and guileless heart, those wise seersof Truth will instruct you in that Knowledge.(34)

    fl fl S fl S H 35H

    Arjuna, when you have achieved enlightenment,ignorance will delude you no more. In the lightof that knowledge, you will see the entire creationfirst within your own Self, and then in Me (theOversoul). (35)

    fl flZ flfl fl cH 36H

    Even if you were the most sinful of all sinners,

    this Knowledge alone would carry you, like a raft,across all your sins. (36)

    hSL fl SL H 37H

    Text 3437] Bhagavadgt 68

    For, as the blazing fire turns the fuel to ashes,Arjuna, even so the fire of Knowledge turns allactions to ashes. (37)

    fl fllSfl h flH 38H

    In this world there is no purifier as great asKnowledge; he who has attained purity of heartthrough prolonged practice of Karmayoga,automatically sees the light of Truth in the selfin course of time. (38)

    hfl fl H 39H

    He who has mastered his senses, is exclusivelydevoted to his practice and is full of faith, attainsKnowledge; having had the revelation of Truth,he immediately attains supreme peace in the formof God-realization. (39)

    g fl S H 40H

    He who lacks discrimination, is devoid of faith,

    and is at the same time possessed by doubt, islost to the spiritual path. For the doubting soulthere is neither this world nor the world beyond,nor even happiness. (40)

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    S fl H 41H

    Arjuna, actions do not bind him who hasdedicated all his actions to God according to thespirit of Karmayoga, whose doubts have been

    dispelled by wisdom and who is self-possessed. (41)S N S fl c c H 42H

    Therefore, Arjuna slashing to pieces, with thesword of knowledge, this doubt in your heart, bornof ignorance, establish yourself in Karmayoga inthe shape of even-mindedness, and stand up forthe fight. (42)

    jfl rfll

    S cfl

    H 4H

    Thus, in the Upaniad sung by the Lord, theScience of Brahma, the scripture of Yoga, thedialogue between r Ka and Arjuna, ends thefourth chapter entitled The Yoga of Knowledgeas well as the disciplines of Action andKnowledge.Z

    Text 41 42] Bhagavadgt

    Chapter V

    fl

    c H 1H

    Arjuna said : Ka, you extol Skhyayoga (theYoga of Knowledge) and then the Yoga of Action.Pray, tell me which of the two is decidedlyconducive to my good. (1)

    flfl

    flS flcH 2H

    r Bhagavn said : The Yoga of Knowledgeand the Yoga of Action both lead to supreme Bliss.Of the two, however, the Yoga of Action, beingeasier of practice, is superior to the Yoga ofKnowledge. (2)

    mc mm H 3HThe Karmayog who neither hates nor desires

    should ever be considered a man of renunciation.For, Arjuna, he who is free from the pairs of oppositesis easily liberated from bondage. (3)

    fl S fl H 4H

    71

    It is the ignorant, not the wise, who say thatSkhyayoga and Karmayoga lead to divergentresults. For, one who is firmly established in either,gets the fruit of both which is the same, viz., God-realization. (4)

    S l H 5H

    The (supreme) state which is reached by theSkhyayog is attained also by the Karmayog.Therefore, he alone who sees Skhyayoga andKarmayoga as identical so far as their result goes,sees truly. (5)

    S Q r H 6H

    Without Karmayoga, however, Skhyayogai.e., renunciation of doership in relation to allactivities of the mind, senses and body is difficultto accomplish; whereas the Karmayog, who keepshis mind fixed on God, reaches Brahma in notime, Arjuna. (6)

    Q flh fl fl fl H 7H

    The Karmayog, who has fully conquered hismind and mastered his senses, whose heart is pure,and who has identified himself with the Self ofall beings (viz., God), remains untainted, eventhough performing action. (7)

    Text 57] Bhagavadgt 72

    fl Q flfloflS SflflH 8 Hfl fl H 9 H

    However, the Skhyayog, who knows thereality of things, must believe that he doesnothing, even though seeing, hearing, touching,smelling, eating or drinking, walking, sleeping,breathing, speaking, answering the calls of nature,

    grasping, and opening or closing the eyes, holdingthat it is the senses alone that are moving amongtheir objects. (8-9)

    r X fl kflH 10H

    He who acts offering all actions to God, andshaking off attachment, remains untouched by sin,as the lotus leaf by water. (10)

    hK fl fl X flhH 11H

    The Karmayogs perform action only withtheir senses, mind, intellect and body as well,without the feeling of mine in respect of them

    and shaking off attachment, simply for the sakeof self-purification. (11)

    Q fl c Q Q H 12H

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    Offering the fruit of actions to God, theKarmayog attains everlasting peace in the shapeof God-realization; whereas, he who works witha selfish motive, being attached to the fruit ofactions through desire, gets tied down. (12)

    fl SS fl

    flm fl fl H 13HThe self-controlled Skhyayog, doing nothing

    himself and getting nothing done by others, restshappily in Godthe embodiment of Truth,Knowledge and Bliss, mentally relegating allactions to the mansion of nine gates (the bodywith nine openings). (13)

    fl S SflflS flH 14H

    God determines neither the doership nor thedoings of men, nor even their contact with the fruitof actions; but it is Nature alone that functions. (14)

    S fl flfl s flH 15H

    The omnipresent God does not partake thevirtue or sin of anyone. Knowledge is envelopedby ignorance; hence it is that beings areconstantly falling a prey to delusion. (15)

    fl H 16H

    Text 1316] Bhagavadgt 74

    In the case, however, of those whose saidignorance has been destroyed by true knowledgeof God, that wisdom shining like the sun revealsthe Supreme. (16)

    hSSc S fl H 17H

    Those whose mind and intellect are whollymerged in Him, who remain constantly established inidentity with Him, and have finally become one withHim, their sins being wiped out by wisdom, reachthe supreme goal whence there is no return. (17)

    fllfl r fl S fl fl H 18H

    The wise look with equanimity on all whether itbe a Brhmaa endowed with learning and culture,a cow, an elephant, a dog and a pariah, too. (18)

    fl S r Sr SH 19H

    Even here is the mortal plane conquered by those

    whose mind is established in unity; since theAbsolute is untouched by evil and is the same toall, hence they are established in the Eternal.(19)

    N c m S h rfl r SH 20H

    He who, with firm intellect and free from doubt,rejoices not on obtaining what is pleasant anddoes not feel perturbed on meeting with the

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    75

    unpleasant, that knower of Brahma lives eternallyin identity with Brahma. (20)

    sScflQ fl rQ H 21H

    He whose mind remains unattached to sense-objects, derives through meditation the Sttvikajoy which dwells in the mind; then that Yog,having completely identified himself throughmeditation with Brahma, enjoys eternal Bliss. (21)

    S fl lfl H 22H

    The pleasures which are born of sense-contactsare verily a source of suffering only (thoughappearing as enjoyable to worldly-minded people).They have a beginning and an end (they comeand go); Arjuna, it is for this reason that a wiseman does not indulge in them. (22)

    fl fljfl fl Q H 23H

    He alone, who is able to withstand, in this very

    life before casting off this body, the urges of lustand anger, is a Yog, and he alone is a happy man. (23)

    S fl rfl r H 24H

    Text 2124] Bhagavadgt 76

    He who is happy within himself, enjoys withinhimself the delight of the soul, and even so, isillumined by the inner light (light of the soul),such a Yog (Skhyayog) identified with Brahmaattains Brahma, who is all peace. (24)

    rfl m fl H 25H

    The seers whose sins have been purged, whosedoubts have been dispelled by knowledge, whosedisciplined mind is firmly established in God andwho are devoted to the welfare of all beings, attainBrahma, who is all peace. (25)

    flQ rfl fl flH 26H

    To those wise men who are free from lust andanger, who have subdued their mind and haverealized God, Brahma, the abode of eternal peace,is present all-round. (26)

    Sfl sfl fl fl H 27H

    h fl Q fl H 28HShutting out all thoughts of external

    enjoyments, with the gaze fixed on the space

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    between the eye-brows, having regulated thePra (outgoing) and the Apna (incoming)breaths flowing within the nostrils, he who hasbrought his senses, mind and intellect undercontrolsuch a contemplative soul intent onliberation and free from desire, fear and anger,

    is ever liberated. (27-28)Q fl fl N fl fl H 29H

    Having known Me in reality as the enjoyer ofall sacrifices and austerities, the supreme Lord ofall the worlds, and the selfless friend of all beings,My devotee attains peace. (29)

    jfl rfllS cfl

    H 5H

    Thus, in the Upaniad sung by the Lord,

    the Science of Brahma, the scripture of Yoga, thedialogue between r Ka and Arjuna, ends thefifth chapter entitled The Yoga of Action andKnowledge.Z

    Text 29] Bhagavadgt

    Chapter VI

    flfl Z

    H 1Hr Bhagavn said : He who does his dutywithout expecting the fruit of actions is a Sannys(Skhyayog) and a Yog (Karmayog) both. Heis no Sannys (renouncer) who has merelyrenounced the sacred fire; even so, he is no Yogwho has merely given up all activity. (1)

    flh fl sSV fl H 2H

    Arjuna, you must know that what they callSannysa is no other than Yoga; for none becomesa Yog, who has not abandoned his Sakalpas(thoughts of the world). (2)

    LL M S Sfl H 3H

    To the contemplative soul who desires to attainKarmayoga, selfless action is said to be the means;for the same man when he is established in Yoga,absence of all Sakalpas (thoughts of the world)is said to be the way to blessedness. (3)

    79

    SflflV M SH 4H

    When a man ceases to have any attachmentfor the objects of senses and for actions, and hasrenounced all Sakalpas (thoughts of the world),he is said to have attained Yoga. (4)

    h flfl s fl H 5H

    One should lift oneself by ones own efforts

    and should not degrade oneself; for ones ownself is ones friend, and ones own self is onesenemy. (5)

    SS fl S fl flfl flH 6H

    Ones own self is the friend of the soul by whomthe lower self (consisting of the mind, senses andbody) has been conquered; even so, the very selfof him, who has not conquered his lower self,behaves antagonistically like an enemy. (6)

    S c H 7H

    The Supreme Spirit is rooted in the knowledgeof the self-controlled man whose mind is perfectlyserene in the midst of pairs of opposites, such ascold and heat, joy and sorrow, and honour andignominy. (7)

    Text 47] Bhagavadgt 80

    fl S flQ c H 8 H

    The Yog whose mind is sated with Jna(Knowledge of Nirgua Brahma) and Vijna(Knowledge of manifest Divinity), who is unmovedunder any circumstances, whose senses arecompletely under control, and to whom earth, stoneand gold are all alike, is spoken of as a God-realized soul. (8)

    N Smc cfl hflcH 9 H

    He who looks upon well-wishers and neutralsas well as mediators, friends and foes, relativesand inimicals, the virtuous and the sinful withequanimity, stands supreme. (9)

    S H 10H

    Living in seclusion all by himself, the Yogwho has controlled his mind and body, and isfree from desires and void of possessions, shouldconstantly engage his mind in meditation. (10)

    c S

    H 11HHaving firmly set his seat in a spot which isfree from dirt and other impurities with the sacredKua grass, a deerskin and a cloth spread thereon,one upon the other, (Kua below, deerskin in the

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    middle and cloth uppermost), neither very highnor very low. (11)

    fl fl lflhH 12H

    And occupying that seat, concentrating themind and controlling the functions of the mind

    and senses, he should practise Yoga for self-purification. (12)

    fl S Sfl flH 13H

    Holding the trunk, head and neck straight andsteady, remaining firm and fixing the gaze on the tipof his nose, without looking in other directions. (13)

    flr fl S Q H 14H

    Firm in the vow of complete chastity andfearless, keeping himself perfectly calm and withthe mind held in restraint and fixed on Me, thevigilant Yog should sit absorbed in Me. (14)

    fl fl S H 15H

    Thus, constantly applying his mind to Me, the Yogof disciplined mind attains everlasting peace,consisting of Supreme Bliss, which abides in Me. (15)

    S S SflS fl H 16H

    Text 1216] Bhagavadgt 82

    Arjuna, this Yoga is neither for him whoovereats, nor for him who observes completefast; it is neither for him who is given to toomuch sleep, nor even for him who is ceaselesslyawake. (16)

    Q fl S Qc S

    QSflflS fl H 17HYoga, which rids one of woe, is accomplishedonly by him who is regulated in diet andrecreation, regulated in performing actions, andregulated in sleep and wakefulness. (17)

    fl flflc S fl Q H 18H

    When the mind which is thoroughly disciplinedgets riveted on God alone, then the person whois free from yearning for all enjoyments is said tobe established in Yoga. (18)

    flS X S S H 19H

    As a flame does not flicker in a windlessplace, such is stated to be the picture of thedisciplined mind of the Yog practising meditationon God. (19)

    Lh fl fl cH 20H

    The state in which, the Citta (mind-stuff)subdued through the practice of Yoga, becomes

    Bhagavadgt [Ch. 6

    83

    passive, and in which realizing God throughsubtle reasoning purified by meditation on God;the soul rejoices only in God; (20)

    hsfl fl S flH 21H

    Nay, in which the soul experiences the eternaland super-sensuous joy which can be intuited onlythrough the subtle and purified intellect, andwherein established the said Yog moves not fromTruth on any account; (21)

    fl SS L flH 22H

    And having obtained which he does not reckonany other gain as greater than that, and establishedin which he is not shaken even by the heaviest ofsorrows; (22) fll fl Q flH 23H

    That state, called Yoga, which is free from thecontact of sorrow (in the form of transmigration),should be known. Nay, this Yoga should be resolutelypractised with an unwearied mind. (23)VflSfl flfl fl H 24H

    Completely renouncing all desires arising fromSakalpas (thoughts of the world), and fully restrainingall the senses from all sides by the mind; (24)

    Text 2124] Bhagavadgt 84

    L hK S fl H 25H

    He should through gradual practice, attaintranquillity; and fixing the mind on God throughreason controlled by steadfastness, he should notthink of anything else. (25)

    S S fl fl H 26H

    Drawing back the restless and fidgety mindfrom all those objects after which it runs, he shouldrepeatedly fix it on God. (26) s rH 27H

    For, to the Yog whose mind is perfectly serene,who is sinless, whose passion is subdued, and whois identified with Brahma, the embodiment ofTruth, Knowledge and Bliss, supreme happinesscomes as a matter of course. (27)

    fl fl rS H 28H

    The sinless Yog, thus uniting his Self constantlywith God, easily enjoys the eternal Bliss of onenesswith Brahma. (28)

    flS fl Q fl H 29H

    The Yog who is united in identity with the all-pervading, infinite consciousness, whose vision

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    everywhere is even, beholds the Self existing inall beings and all beings as assumed in the Self. (29)

    fl flZ S H 30H

    He who sees Me (the Universal Self) present inall beings, and all beings existing within Me, he is

    never lost to me, nor am I ever lost to him. (30)flS flSfl fl flH 31H

    The Yog who is established in union with Me, andworships Me as residing in all beings as their very Self,though engaged in all forms of activities, dwells in Me. (31)

    fl fl fl H 32H

    Arjuna, he, who looks on all as one, on theanalogy of his own self, and looks upon the joyand sorrow of all equallysuch a Yog is deemedto be the highest of all. (32)

    fl

    Sfl Q S flS S H 33H

    Arjuna said : Ka, owing to restlessness of mindI do not perceive the stability of this Yoga in the formof equanimity, which You have just spoken of. (33)

    c fl S fl fl c H 34H

    Text 3034] Bhagavadgt 86

    For, Ka, the mind is very unsteady, turbulent,tenacious and powerful; therefore, I consider it asdifficult to control as the wind. (34)

    flfl

    fl sH 35H

    r Bhagavn said : The mind is restless nodoubt, and difficult to curb, Arjuna; but it can bebrought under control by repeated practice (ofmeditation) and by the exercise of dispassion, Oson of Kunt. (35)

    c fl flH 36H

    Yoga is difficult of achievement by one whosemind is not subdued by him; however, who hasthe mind under control, and is ceaselessly striving,it can be easily attained through practice. Suchis My conviction. (36)

    fl

    h h c H 37H

    Arjuna said : Ka, what becomes of the aspirantwho, though endowed with faith, has not beenable to subdue his passions, and whose mind is,therefore, diverted from Yoga at the time ofdeath, and who thus fails to reach perfection inYoga (God-realization)? (37)

    Bhagavadgt [Ch. 6

    87

    flc fl c fl r H 38H

    Ka, swerved from the path leading toGod-realization and without anything to standupon, is he not lost like the scattered cloud,deprived of both God-realization and heavenlyenjoyment? (38)

    c Sfl SS slH 39H

    Ka, only You are capable to remove thisdoubt of mine completely; for none other thanyou can dispel this doubt. (39)

    flfl

    fl flSS fll H 40H

    r Bhagavn said : Dear Arjuna, there is nofall for him either here or hereafter. For O mybeloved, none who strives for self-redemption (i.e.,God-realization) ever meets with evil destiny. (40)

    fl fl c H 41H

    Such a person who has strayed from Yoga,obtains the higher worlds, (heaven etc.) to whichmen of meritorious deeds alone are entitled, andhaving resided there for innumerable years, takesbirth of pious and prosperous parents. (41)

    Text 3841] Bhagavadgt 88

    fl fl fl h H 42H

    Or (if he is possessed of dispassion) then notattaining to those regions he is born in the familyof enlightened Yogs; but such a birth in this worldis very difficult to obtain. (42)

    h fl h LH 43H

    Arjuna, he automatically regains in that birththe spiritual insight of his previous birth; andthrough that he strives harder than ever forperfection in the form of God-realization. (43)

    fl fl O sfl S rflH 44H

    The other one who takes birth in a rich family,though under the sway of his senses, feels drawntowards God by force of the habit acquired in hisprevious birth; nay, even the seeker of enlighten-ment on Yoga (in the form of even-mindedness)transcends the fruit of actions performed with someinterested motive as laid down in the Vedas. (44)

    lS hhS H 45H

    The Yog, however, who diligently takes upthe practice attains perfection in this very life withthe help of latencies of many births, and being

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    thoroughly purged of sin, forthwith reaches thesupreme state. (45)

    Sfl Sl flH 46H

    The Yog is superior to the ascetics; he is

    regarded superior even to those versed in sacredlore. The Yog is also superior to those who performaction with some interested motive. Therefore,Arjuna, do become a Yog. (46)

    fl hfl Q H 47H

    Of all Yogs, again, he who devoutly worshipsMe with his mind focussed on Me is consideredby Me to be the best Yog. (47)

    jfl rfllS cfl

    c H 6H Thus, in the Upaniad sung by the Lord, the

    Science of Brahma, the scripture of Yoga, the dialoguebetween r Ka and Arjuna, ends the sixth chapterentitled The Yoga of Self-Control.Z

    Text 46-47] Bhagavadgt

    Chapter VII

    flfl

    Q S H 1H

    r Bhagavn said : Arjuna, now listen how withthe mind attached to Me (through exclusive love)and practising Yoga with absolute dependenceon Me, you will know Me, the repository of allpower, strength and glory and other attributes,the Universal soul, in entirety and without anyshadow of doubt. (1)

    fl flfl flcH 2H

    I shall unfold to you in its entirety this wisdom(Knowledge of God in His absolute formless aspect)along with the Knowledge of the qualified aspectof God (both with form and without form), havingknown which nothing else remains yet to be knownin this world. (2)

    c d l h h fl flH 3H

    Hardly one among thousands of men strives torealize Me; of those striving Yogs, again, somerare one, devoting himself exclusively to Me,knows Me in reality. (3)

    91

    fl h fl V c H 4H Sfl flh fl H 5H

    Earth, water, fire, air, ether, mind, reason andalso ego; these constitute My nature divided intoeight parts. This indeed is My lower (material)nature; the other than this, by which the wholeuniverse is sustained, know it to be My higher

    (or spiritual) nature in the form of Jva (the life-principle), O Arjuna. (4-5)

    l fl SS fl SH 6H

    Arjuna, know that all beings have evolvedfrom this twofold Prakti, and that I am thesource of the entire creation, and into Me againit dissolves. (6)

    S fl flH 7H

    There is nothing else besides Me, Arjuna. Likeclusters of yarn-beads formed by knots on a thread,all this is threaded on Me. (7)

    S fl flfl L H 8H

    Arjuna, I am the sap in water and the radianceof the moon and the sun; I am the sacred syllable

    Text 48] Bhagavadgt 92

    O in all the Vedas, the sound in ether, and virilityin men. (8)

    S flflfl fl S SflH 9 H

    I am the pure odour (the subtle principle ofsmell) in the earth and the brightness in fire; nay,I am the life in all beings and austerity in theascetics. (9)

    fl flh

    hhS SSfl H 10HArjuna, know Me the eternal seedof all beings. I am the intelligence of the intelligent;the glory of the glorious am I. (10)

    fl flflflLh S H 11H

    Arjuna, of the mighty I am the might, freefrom passion and desire; in beings I am thesexual desire not conflicting with virtue orscriptural injunctions. (11)

    fl fl fl S fl flh fl H 12H

    Whatever other entities there are, born of Sattva

    (the quality of goodness), and those that are bornof Rajas (the principle of activity) and Tamas (theprinciple of inertia), know them all as evolvedfrom Me alone. In reality, however, neither do Iexist in them, nor do they in Me. (12)

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    fl fl H 13H

    The whole of this creation is deluded by theseobjects evolved from the three modes of PraktiSattva, Rajas and Tamas; that is why the worldfails to recognize Me, standing apart from these

    the imperishable. (13)fl s fl l H 14H

    For, this most wonderful My (veil) of Mine,consisting of the three Guas (modes of Nature),is extremely difficult to breakthrough; those,however, who constantly adore Me alone, areable to cross it. (14)

    c l N flH 15H

    Those whose wisdom has been carried awayby My, and are of demoniac nature, suchfoolish and vile men of evil deeds do notadore Me. (15)

    fl H 16H

    Four types of devotees of noble deeds worshipMe, Arjuna, the seeker after worldly possessions,the afflicted, the seeker for knowledge, and theman of wisdom, O best of Bharatas. (16)

    Text 1316] Bhagavadgt 94

    Q Qflc H 17H

    Of these, the best is the man ofwisdom, ever established in identity with Me andpossessed of exclusive devotion. For, I am extremelydear to the wise man who knows Me in reality,

    and he is extremely dear to Me. (17) fl fl flfl S Q fl H 18H

    Indeed, all these are noble, but the man ofwisdom is My very self; such is My view. Forsuch a devotee, who has his mind and intellectmerged in Me, is firmly established in Me aloneas the highest goal. (18)

    fl lflfl fl H 19H

    In the very last of all births the enlightenedperson worships Me by realizing that all this isGod. Such a great soul is very rare indeed.(19)

    SSN lfl S SflH 20HThose whose wisdom has been carried away

    by various desires, being prompted by their ownnature, worship other deities, adopting normsrelating to each. (20)

    Q h S S h fl fl H 21H

    Bhagavadgt [Ch. 7

    95

    Whatever celestial form a devotee (craving forsome worldly object) chooses to worship withreverence, I stabilize the faith of that particulardevotee in that very form. (21)

    h QSS fl fl H 22H

    Endowed with such faith he worships thatparticular deity and obtains through that deitywithout doubt his desired enjoyments as ordainedby Me. (22)

    fl jflflfl jQ H 23H

    The fruit gained by these people of smallunderstanding, however, is perishable. Theworshippers of gods attain the gods; whereas Mydevotees, howsoever they worship Me, eventuallycome to Me and Me alone. (23)

    Q Q h fl H 24H

    Not knowing My supreme nature, unsurpassableand undecaying, the ignorant persons regard Me,who am the Supreme Spirit, beyond the reach ofmind and senses, and the embodiment of Truth,

    Knowledge and Bliss, to have assumed a finiteform through birth as an ordinary human being.(24)

    flS fl H 25H

    Text 2225] Bhagavadgt 96

    Veiled by My Yogamy, divine potency, Iam not manifest to all. Hence these ignorant folkfail to recognize Me, the birthless and imperishableSupreme Deity i.e., consider Me as subject tobirth and death. (25)

    fl fl flc fl H 26H

    Arjuna, I know all beings, past as well as present,nay, even those that are yet to come; but none,devoid of faith and devotion, knows Me. (26)

    m mm fl H 27H

    O valiant Arjuna, through delusion in theshape of pairs of opposites (such as pleasure andpain etc.,) born of desire and aversion, all livingcreatures in this world are falling a prey toinfatuation. (27)

    fl mm Q flH 28H

    But those men of virtuous deeds, whose sinshave come to an end, being freed from delusionin the shape of pairs of opposites born of attractionand repulsion, worship Me with a firm resolve inevery way. (28)

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    r m S H 29Hfl fl flQH 30H

    They who, having taken refuge in Me, strive

    for deliverance from old age and death knowBrahma (the Absolute), the whole Adhytma (thetotality of Jvas or embodied souls), and the entirefield of Karma (action) as well as My integralbeing, comprising Adhibh uta (the field of Matter),Adhidaiva (Brahm) and Adhiyaja (the unmanifestDivinity dwelling in the heart of all beings astheir witness). And they who, possessed of a steadfastmind, know thus even at the hour of death, theytoo know Me alone. (29-30)

    jfl rfll

    S cfl fl

    H 7HThus, in the Upaniad sung by the Lord, theScience of Brahma, the scripture of Yoga, thedialogue between r Ka and Arjuna, ends theseventh chapter entitled The Yoga of Jna(Knowledge of Nirgua Brahma) and Vijna(Knowledge of Manifest Divinity).

    Z

    Text 29-30] Bhagavadgt

    Chapter VIII

    fl

    r L Qfl H 1HArjuna said : Ka, what is that Brahma

    (Absolute), what is Adhytma (Spirit), and whatis Karma (Action)? What is called Adhibhuta(Matter) and what is termed as Adhidaiva (DivineIntelligence)? (1)

    S H 2H

    Ka, who is Adhiyaja here and how doeshe dwell in the body? And how are You to berealized at the time of death by those of steadfastmind? (2)

    flfl r Sflflfljfl fl H 3H

    r Bhagavn said:The supreme Indestructibleis Brahma, ones own Self (the individual soul)is called Adhytma; and the discharge of spirits,(Visarga), which brings forth the existence of beings,is called Karma (Action). (3)

    99

    fl Lfl fl fl H 4H

    All perishable objects are Adhibhuta; theshining Purua (Brahm) is Adhidaiva; and in thisbody I Myself, dwelling as the inner witness, amAdhiyaja, O Arjuna! (4)

    fl S fl fl jfl S H 5H

    He who departs from the body, thinking of Me

    alone even at the time of death, attains My state;there is no doubt about it. (5)

    fl S fl fl fl jflflH 6H

    Arjuna, thinking of whatever entity one leavesthe body at the time of death, that and thatalone one attains, being ever absorbed in itsthought. (6)

    Sfl S hflcS H 7H

    Therefore, Arjuna, think of Me at all times andfight. With mind and reason thus set on Me, youwill doubtless come to Me. (7)

    Q L H 8H

    Arjuna, he who with his mind disciplinedthrough Yoga in the form of practice of meditation

    Text 48] Bhagavadgt 100

    and thinking of nothing else, is constantly engagedin contemplation of God attains the supremelyeffulgent Divine Purua (God). (8)

    fl - S l

    flS M-flZ SH 9 H

    He who contemplates on the all-knowing, agelessBeing, the Ruler of all, subtler than the subtle,

    the universal sustainer, possessing a form beyondhuman conception, effulgent like the sun and farbeyond the darkness of ignorance. (9)

    Q fl

    fl fl - L H 10H

    Having by the power of Yoga firmly held thelife-breath in the space between the two eyebrowseven at the time of death, and then contemplatingon God with a steadfast mind, full of devotion, hereaches verily that supreme divine Purua (God). (10)

    flfl fl

    fl l fl rZ flH 11H

    I shall tell you briefly about that Supreme goal

    Bhagavadgt [Ch. 8

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    101

    (viz., God, who is an embodiment of Truth,Knowledge and Bliss), which the knowers of theVeda term as the Indestructible, which strivingrecluses, free from passion, merge into, and desiringwhich the celibates practise Brahmacarya. (11)

    flm N L

    S H 12H r S H 13H

    Having controlled all the senses, and firmlyholding the mind in the heart, and then drawingthe life-breath to the head, and thus remainingsteadfast in Yogic concentration on God, he wholeaves the body and departs uttering the oneIndestructible Brahma, O, and dwelling on Mein My absolute aspect, reaches the supremegoal. (12-13)

    S S QS H 14H

    Arjuna, whosoever always and constantly thinks

    of Me with undivided mind, to that Yog everabsorbed in Me I am easily attainable. (14)

    flfl h H 15H

    Great souls, who have attained the highestperfection, having come to Me, are no more subjectto rebirth, which is the abode of sorrow, andtransient by nature. (15)

    Text 1215] Bhagavadgt 102

    rfl fl fllH 16H

    Arjuna, all the worlds from Brahmaloka (theheavenly realm of the Creator, Brahm) downwardsare liable to birth and rebirth. But, O son of Kunt,on attaining Me there is no rebirth (For, while I

    am beyond Time, regions like Brahmaloka, beingconditioned by time, are transitory). (16)

    d r fl d fl H 17H

    Those Yogs who know from realization Brahmsday as covering a thousand Mahyugas, and so hisnight as extending to another thousand Mahyugasknow the reality about Time. (17)QQ fl fl flQH 18H

    All embodied beings emanate from theUnmanifest (i.e., Brahms subtle body) at thecoming of the cosmic day; at the cosmic nightfallthey merge into the same subtle body of Brahm,

    known as the Unmanifest. (18) fl fl fl fl fl H 19H

    Arjuna, this multitude of beings, being bornagain and again, is dissolved under compulsionof its nature at the coming of the cosmic night,and rises again at the commencement of thecosmic day. (19)

    Bhagavadgt [Ch. 8

    103

    SS flQQ fl flH 20H