abhijit momohanty s.r.m m

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is a way of life , a sub culture with a state of norms & values with the characteristics attributes

of apathy & social isolation.

D efinition of Slum:-

According to a report of United Nation the urban land policy explains that a slum is , a building

group of building or area characterized by overcrowding , deterioration in sanitary conditions or

absence of facilities or amenities which because of these conditions or any of them endanger

the health, safety or morals of its inhabitants or the community .

According to Bergel who is a famous urban sociologist, conceives slums as area of substandard

housing condition with a city.

In order to make our clarification regarding slum more in-depth, we should know about the

various important characteristics of slum dwellers:-

A.Low Economic status:-

Generally a slum is inhabited by people of the lowest income group & although there may be

occasional buildings of equally run down appearance inhabited by families that are not so poor

, in general however , the slum is a poverty ridden area.

B. Bad appearance:-

This may be called as an universal work of the slum in its aspect of neglect & disorder with

respect to buildings yards & streets, bad appearance is an inherent virtue of a slum.

C. Overcrowding :-

The space may be over crowded with building or the building may be over crowded with people

or both. If the slum is retreating may of the building may be over crowding in the buildings still

occupied the uninhabited space may then be occupied by such unwelcome occupants.


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D . Over population:-

In a sum of heterogeneous who are generally not welcome in other residential areas, or those

who can not afford to live elsewhere ,thus it may be a refuge for the aged, the chronically sick,

the homeless & the socially maladjusted, but such odds & ends may not be welcome even in

some slums where a sense of community exists if the slum population is racial or cultural it may

have a degree of social organization.

E. Bad health & sanitation:-

For understandable reasons when compared with other areas of residence the slum is

characterized by low standards of sanitation, for mixed reasons, it may also be an area of high

sickness & death rates.

F. Loose morals:-

The slum may be an area of delinquency, crime & vice but this is more likely to be true of the

socially disorganized slum. While such a slum may not be the habitat of successful criminals, it

may of the habit or the hiding place of fugitive criminals, may vices may be funned in the slum

but are by no means confirmed to the shin.

G .Social isolation:-

While many residential areas within the modern city tends to be socially isolated from others

,partly by choice & partly by location, he slum is especially so their chief link with the rest of the

community is their identification with labour market ,but there may be an additional link

through politics slum dwellers function equally with others as citizen & as they are able to

identify themselves with political group.

H. High mobility:-

The slum is usually an area of high residential mobility but a family occupied slum may have a

low rate of residential mobility . The high mobility of slum inhabitants is more true of American

cities then European cities ,perhaps the most mobile is the slum occupied mainly by homeless


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,especially itinents workers .In Indian slums however the rate of mobility differs from one slum

to the other.

Creation & development of slum:-

Slums are created mainly because of poverty ,social backwardness & unemployment of the people living

in the country side. Due to drought or other un favorable conditions in these areas having no work to

earn their livelihood ,find themselves in a difficult condition to maintain themselves & naturally drift

towards the urban area with the main objective of eking out their livelihood the amenities available &

job opportunities attract them towards Big Towns & Cites & naturally there is an intensive in flow of

poor & labour class people to these cities & towns & cities provides more scope for employment

opportunities & thus attract a large number of poor people from surrounding areas.

2.Review of Literature:-

Review of literature in education reseacch provides means of getting into the frontiers in a

particular field of knowledge. It involves locating ,realizing & evaluation reports of research as

well as reports at one s gathers during the cause of the investigation .

y Preventing Anti-social Behavior , Interventions from birth through adolescence.

Guilford publication. By Joan Mc Cord,Richard Emest Tremblay.

y Adolescents at risk of persistent Anti-social Behaviour & Alchohol problems. The role of

behavior ,personality & biological factors .Stockholm University;publishers By

Jenny M E klund.

y Criminology ,Rjashthan University.By Ram Ahuja.

y Social problems & social Disorganization in india By Mamoria C.B.

y Indian social problem By Ram Ahuja.

y Criminology By Don c.Gibbons.

y Preventing Antisocial Behavior: Interventions from Birth Through Adolescence

By Joan Mc Cord, Richard Ernest Tremblay Guilford Publications .

y Adolescents at Risk of Persistent Antisocial Behaviour and Alcohol


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Scope of the study :-

The scope of the study is not very vast .This scope of the study will be in Dhirikuti

slum of Bhubaneswar ,but it may not be completely same for the other slum of B.B.S.R. The study is completely concentrated on a particular slum & its situation,

socio economic condition & most importantly the anti social activities practiced

in the Dhirikuti slum of B.B.S.R.

Area of the study:-

The area of the study is not very large ,it is based on a particular slum of

Bhubaneswar city named as Dhirikuti . This slum is a very oldest slum of B.B.S.R

divided into three clusters, total households in this slum is 347,the total no. of

people are 2646 , from them 779 are male & remaining 688 are female, total no.

of children of this slum is 1179. Labor class people are staying in this cluster. In

named as Upar sahi , there is only 76 houses & in cluster one Hanuman Temple

is there in the slum.

All the people were migrated from various districts of odisha & some were

migrated from Andhra Pradesh .As the population of the whole community is not

very much surprising to see various types of people with different types of

behavior & attitudes ,but still their socio economic life & various activities they

practices to some extent same but most remarks the same.

Objectives:-

y Types of Anti-social activities they practices.


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y Degree of involvement in Anti-social behavior by the slum dwellers.

y Factors responsible for Anti social activities of the slum dwellers.

y Impact of Anti social behavior upon the slum dwellers .

y V arious remedial measures for it.

Hypothesis:-

Hypothesis really shows the path to the research work . It throws light to the

researcher. A hypothesis is a conjectural statement of the relations between twoor more variables. Hypothesis are always in declarative form & the relate to either

generally or specifically variables to variables.

For the research work , the researcher has taken two Hypothesis . Those are

mentioned below.

Hypothesis:-1

Majority of slum dwellers indulge themselves in anti social activities.

Hypothesis :-2

It is their situation which compels themselves to involve in anti social behaviors.

Variables:-

In social research , the term , V ariable is most important . V ariable is a property

that takes different values .A variable is a symbol to which numerals or value is

assigned.


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In this research work , the independent variable (cause) & depended variable

(effect)are explained below;

Independent variable:-

Kidnapping, Robbery, Smuggling, Murder, Black marketing, Theft, etc.

D ependent variable:-

Age, Gender, Place, Peer Pressure , Environment , Socio-economic conditions etc.

Type of Research D esign:-

In this research the researcher decides different dimensions of social & economic

problems involve in a particular slum Dhirikuti. The researcher has taken

Explorative research design for conducting the study . It is a type of research

conducted for a problem that has not been clearly defined. Explorative research

helps determine the best research design, data collection method & selection of

subjects .It also concludes that perceived problem does not actually exist.

Universe of the study:-

Dhirikuti slum is the universe of the study.

Research Method:-

The researcher will follow the survey method for conducting the research on Anti

social behaviors of Dhirikuti a slum in B.B.S.R.

Sampling Technique:-


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In order to have a systematic study the researcher adopted a well designed

sampling technique. When a small group taken as the representative of the whole

the study is called sampling study .The whole group from which the sample has

been drawn that technology is known as sampling.

Random sampling:-

At the second stage the research selected four clusters in Dhirikuti slum ,random

sampling is the form applied when the method of selection assures each

individuals or elements is universe as an equal chance of being chosen . At the last

stage the researcher randomly selected 30 households from the 4 clusters.

Sample unit or size:-

Before drawing a sample we have to decide the unit of sample . What shall be

selected a house, a family & individual group. In researcher s study the sampling

unit are individual. The size of the sample is an important problem to be decided

in case of sampling. This is because the size has a direct bearing upon accuracytime , cost & administration of the researcher .My sample size is 30 by looking

the various aspects of my study.

Methods & tools of data collections:-

Data collection can be defined as the facts or information. Collection of data is

very much essential in social researcher, because the data are the basis upon

which research has been conducted.


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There are 2 important tools are generally used in social survey; those are schedule

& questionnaire.

Schedule has to be indirect observation & is filed by the field worker himself; thequestionnaire is generally mailed to respondent who fills it up return it to the

sender.

Questionnaires consist of a number of question printed of typed in definite order

on a form or set of form. To make successful questionnaire schedule should be

short & simple, technical terms & vague expression should be avoided.

D ata Analysis:-

The data thus collected were of two types. Quantitative & qualitative data were

collected through the interview schedule were located with the help of master

sheet & after that the data were edited, codified & tabulated data was converted

into percentages & were analyzed in form of simple & complex tables. The tables

were also represented in the form of diagrammatic graphs were ever necessary.

Capterization:-

The research study will be fragmented in the following chapter.

a. Introduction.

B.Review of literature.

c.Research methodology.


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d.Tabulation & data analysis.

e.Major findings & conclusion.

Appendix:1 Bibliography.

2 Interview schedule.

Limitation of the study:-

1.The research is not able to cover the whole people living in all slums. So the

inferences are based on the particular slum.

2.It is difficult to make interview schedules from those , whose are not willing to

express their true opinions.

3. The respondent are not really like to express their true opinions.

4. Researcher faced various difficulties, in forming rapports with the slum

dwellers as an out side.

5. Some respondents totally refused to give all information about his/her family

to the researcher.

The limitation as mention above could not be avoided because of the peculiarities

of the aspects chosen for the study.

Profile of the study area:-

Profile of the Khurda D istrict :-


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The district Khurda came into being on 1 st April 1993 by dividing it off its erstwhile

Puri ,Khurda & Nayagarh.The district is bounded by Cuttack district-north & east

nayagarh district west purl district-south ganjam district. According to census

2001 total population is 18,7,.395 .Out of which male are 9,86,886 & female are

8,90,509 respectively.

Profile of Bhubaneswar City:-

The Temple city of Bhubaneswar which was the capital of odisha in early 1950s,

was considered to be one of the cleanest cities in the country till a few years back.

The city which had a population of 16,512 spread over an areas of 1684 hct. The

civil body for the city of B.B.S.R is known as B.M.C (Bhubaneswar Municipality

Corporation Act).The slum wing of the Municipal Corporation is headed by a

project officer , incumbement of odisha Administration service.The project officer

is assisted by the community organizers. There are 11 no. of community

organizers & each supervises & coordinates the work of slum areas assigned to

him/her.

About Sample Slum:-

Dhirikuti is a one of the oldest slum of Bhubaneswar , which was established by

the late chief minister M.r Biju Pattnaik. The whole slum is divided into 3 clusters.

The total house are 347 in the slum ,total population is 2646,from them 779 are

male ,female 688 & children were 1179.From the children 520 are regularly going

to school ,dropout students are 183,child labour in the slum is only 17.In cluster

no.1 Tala sahi there are 895 people living in 226 house holds. From 895 people

83 male, 23 female & rest 389 are children. Among the children 177 are regularly

going to school & 47 children were dropout from the school . In cluster No. only


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63 houses & 246 people are staying .Among all 66are male & 66 also female &

rest 114 are children. Only 63 children are going to school & 6 children were

dropout from the school.

Incluster-3 the name is line sahi .Most of the SC & O.B.C categories people are

staying in this cluster. The total house are 138 & 59,people are staying in this

cluster. The children in this cluster is 255 from them 78 are school going & 59

childen were dropout from the school due to some reason.

M.r Sudhansu Marandi is the secretary & M.r Hemanta Pradhan is the

president of this slum

4 .Tabulation & data analysis:-

Personal Profile :

Table -5.1

Distributions of the respondent as per their age group;

Age group in

years

Male Female Total Percentages

20 2 1 3 11%

20 to 30 5 2 7 23%

30 to 40 6 5 11 36%40 to 50 3 2 5 16%

50 & above 2 2 4 13%

Total 30 100%


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The above Table shows that , majority 36% of the respondents belong to

the age group of 30-40, only 11% & 13% of the respondents are in the age group

of 20 & 50& above repectively. The respondents who belongs to the age group of

20-30 ,constitutes 23% & 40-50 forms 16%.

Table -5.2

Distribution of the respondent as per their Sex;

Sex No.of respondents Percentages

Male 18 60%

Female 12 40%

Total 30 100%

The above Table depicts the distribution of respondent as per their sex;

18(60%) of the respondents were male & 12(40%) of respondents were female.

Table -5.3

Distribution of the respondent as per their Marital status;

Marital

status


Married 15 10 25 83%Unmaried 4 2 6 20%

Total 18 12 30 100%


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From the above Table ,it is quite clear that majority of the respondents were

married(83%),only (20%) of the respondents were yet to be married.

Table -5- 4

Distribution of the respondents as per their educational status;

Educational

status


Literate 7 5 12 40%

Illiterate 12 6 18 60%

Total 30 100%

N=12

Qualification Male Female Total PercentagesPrimary 5 3 8 27%

Upper primary 2 1 3 10%

High school 1 1 2 0.06%

Inter mediate 1 O 1 0.03%

Total 100%

The above Table signifies ,that majority (27%) of the respondents have completed

their primary education,3(10%) of the respondents were able to pursue their

upper primary education. Only o.o6% & o.o3% of the respondents.


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Table -5.5

Distribution of respondents as per their family structure.

The above Table shows that a majority (50%) number of respondents have

Nuclear family .There after comes (33%) belongs to extended family .And the

least (17%) have Joint Family pattern.

Table -5.6

Distribution of respondents as per their migrated year

The above Table signifies that out of the total respondents have migrated to this

place ar 10 to 20 years of their age . And only (17%) 5 respondents (36%) 11

Types of Family No, of respondent Percentage

Nuclear 15 50%

Joint 5 17%

Extended 10 33%

Total 30 100

Migrated year Male Female Total Percentage

9 to 10 7 4 11 36%

10 to 20 8 6 14 47%

20 to 30 3 2 5 17%

Total 18 12 30 100


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,respondents leaved their original place & come to this slum ,when they were at 9

to 10 years of age.

Table -5.7

Distribution of the respondents as per their migrated district.

The above Table shows, that a majority of the respondents (23) 7 respondents

had migrated from puri district. 6((20%) respondents had migrated from Cuttack

district. From Andhara Pradesh (0.06%) of respondents had migrated,& the

remaining respondents had migrated from Balesore 4 (0.13%). Ganjam (0.06%),

Dhenkanal 1(0.03%),Bhadrak 2(0.06),& finally from Bhuban 3 (10%).

Migrated district No. Of respondent Percentage

Puri 7 23%

Cuttack 6 20%

B.B.S.R 3 10%Andhra Pradesh 2 0.o6%

Balesore 4 0.13%

Ganjam 2 0.06%

Dhenkanal 1 0.03%

Bhadrak 2 0.06%

Bhuban 3 10%Total 30 100


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Table -5 -8

D istribution of respondents as per their reasons for migrants.

The above Table reflects the majority of the respondents (37%) had migrated

from their native place due to poverty. 9(30%) of respondents had migrated in

search of Employment, For food 6(20%) of the respondents migrated & for the

various advantages of city life 4(13%) had migrated from their native place.

Table -5-9

D istribution of the respondents as per their availability of rooms in their house.

Reason No. of Respondents Percentage

Food 6 20%

Get Employment 9 30%

Better than native place 4 13%

Due to poverty 11 37%

Total 30 100%

Rooms No. of respondent Percentage

1 9 30%

2 12 40%

3 6 20%

4 3 10%

Total 30 100%


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The above Table shows that 9(30%) of the respondents were living in single room.

And 12(40%) of respondents were living in houses with 2 rooms, remaining

6(20%) of respondents were living in the houses of 3 rooms & lastly 3(10%) of the

respondents were living in houses of 3 rooms.

Table -5.10

Table showing the provison of Toilets in households.

The Table shows that majority of the respondents do not have their toilet

facilities, & only 9(30%) of the respondents have toilet facilities in their house.

Table -5.11

Table showing alternatives of toilet.

Table 5.11 reflects that 20 (67%) of respondents used the open space for toilet &

remaining 10(30%) of respondents were using the common toilets.

Response No. of respondent Percentages

Yes 9 30%No 21 70%

Total 30 100%

Place Respondent Percentage

Open place 20 67%

Common toilet 10% 33%Total 30 100%


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Table 5.12

Table showing electric facilities in the respondent house holds.

The above Table shows that majority respondents (63%) have no electricityfacilities & only (33%) of the respondents have electricity facilities in their

households.

Economic Status:

D istribution of respondents as per their Traditional & Current occupation .

Table -5.13(a)

Table -5 .13(b)

Electricity Respondent Percentage

Yes 11 37%

No 19 63%

Total 30 100%


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Table-13.(a) Table-13.(b)

Traditional

Occupation

Respondents Per/% Current

occupation

Respondents Per/%

Agriculture 20 67% Cultivation 0 0%

Collecting

Forest

product

0 0% Agriculture 0 0%

Small

business

7 23% Labor 16 53%

Artisans 3 10% Driver 8 27%

Total 30 100% Manson 4 13%

Any other 2 0.6%

Total 30 100%

The Table 5-13.(a) signifies that most of the respondents 67% Traditional

occupation was Agriculture. Thereafter comes small business which

constitutes 23% of the total respondents, only 10% of the respondents

were artisan in their past. But no one s traditional occupation was

collecting forest products.

The Table 5-13.(b) reflects that majority of the respondent s 53% Current

occupation is Labour(Daily).Remaining 27% of the respondent s occupation

is Driver, & 13% of respondent s current occupation is Manson, rest only

0.06% of the respondents do other occupation like, petty shopkeeper &

painter.


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Table -5-1 4

Annual income

Annual income No.of respondent Percentage

10, 000 to 20,000 3 10%

20,000 to 30,000 7 23%

30,000 to 40,000 12 40%

40,000 to 50,000 6 20%

50,000 & above 2 0.06%

Total 30 100%

The above Table depicts that 40% of the respondents annual income was,30,000

to 40,000.The second highest annual income is between 20,000 to 30,000 which

constitutes (23%) of the respondents,6(29%) of the respondents annual income

was 40,000 to 50,000.And the remaining 3(10%) & 2(0.06%) of the annual income was 10,000 to 20,000 & 50,000 & above

respectively.

Table -5.15

Table showing the B.B.L cards of the respondents

B.P.L CARDS No, of respondents Percentage

Yes 21 70%

No 9 30%

Total 30 100%


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The above Table shows the distribution of respondents as per the B.P.L

CARDS. The majority (70%) of the respondents have their B.B.L cards & only

(30%) of them have not get B.P.L card yet.

Table -5.16

D istribution of respondent as their monthly income.

Monthly income No.of respondent Percentage

0-1,000 5 17%

1,000-2,000 5 17%

2,000-3,000 10 33%

3,000-4,000 6 20%

4,ooo-above 4 13%

Total 30 100%

The above Table signifies that majority

(33%) of the respondent s monthly income was 2,000-3,000 ,respondents

whose monthly income was 3,000-4,000 constitutes (20%),only (13%) of the

respondents monthly income was 4,000 & above.

Remaining 10 respondents monthly income was 0-1,000 & to1,000-2,000 .


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Table -5.17

Table showing different types of assets of the respondent

From the above Table , we came to know ,that (33%) of the respondent have

cycle. 8(27%) 0f the respondents have Radio in their house, in case of T. V it is

6(20%) of the respondents, only 3(10%) of the respondent have Motor cycle &

another 3(10%) of respondents have Taprecoder.

Table -5.18

D istribution of respondent as per their own house or rented house.

Types of Assets Respondent Percentage

Cycle 10 33%

Motor cycle 3 10%

T.V 6 20%

Radio 8 27%

Tap recorder 3 10%Total 30 100%

Home Respondent Percentage

Own house 19 63%

Rented house 11 37%

Total 30 100%


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The above table shows , that 19(63%) of the respondents have their own house &

only 11(37%) of the respondents have take rented house.

Table -5.19

Showing distribution of respondents as per their women support economically.

Response Respondent Percentage

Yes 24 80%

No 6 20%

Total 30 100%

The above Table reflects that majority (80%) of respondents says women support

economically in their family & 20% of the respondents says that no women do not

support economical for the family.

Table -5.20

Table showing the category of work of women.

Category of work Respondent Percentage

Maid servant 11 37%

Agarbati making 5 17%

S.H.G & Tailoring 8 27%

Nothing 6 20%

Total 30 100%


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The Table -5.20 shows about the categorical of women work for economicall

support . Majority (37%) of women are Maid servant, remaining (27%) are doing

S.H.G. (20%) of the women support their family income by Agarbati making,&

only 6(20%) of the women do nothing (house wife).

Table -5.21(a)

Showing distribution of respondents as per the loans taken.

Table -5.21(b)

Sources of Loan

Sources People Percentage

World vision 10 33%

Money lender 8 27%

Other 4 13%

Total 22 73%

The above Table shows that 10(33%) 0f respondents have taken loan from World

vision. From money lender it is 27% & from various other sources it constitutes

only 13% of the total respondents. Notes: Other source , Friend, Neighbors ,Relative etc.

Responses Respondent Percentage

Yes 22 73%No 8 27%

Total 30 100%


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Table -5.21(c )

Amount of Loan taken & its Interest rate.

The Table -5.21(c) reflects , that a majority (30%) of the respondents have taken

their loan from world vision at a interest of 28%. 11(37%) of the respondents have

taken loan from Money lender at a interest rate of 42%. Remaining o.o6% of the

respondents have taken the help of various other sources at a rate of 12%

interest.

Sources People Percentage Amount Interest rate

World vision 9 30% 3000 28%

Money lender 11 37% 3,000 -6,000 42%

Other 2 0.06% 6,000 -8,000 12%

Total 22 37.06


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Anti social Behaviors of Slum D wellers.

Table -5.22

Table showing the slum dwellers perception regarding their Anti social

behavours.

The above Table signifies that , majority (40%) of the respondents believes that,when there is a need ,the slum dwellers indulge in A.S.B. 8(27%) respondents

believes that ,it is rarely they practices A.S.B. Only (13%) of the respondents says

that they frequently practice A.S.B. . Some of the respondents says that, the do

not practices A.S.B..

Responses Responses Percentage

Frequently 4 13%

Rarely 8 27%

When there is a need 12 40%

No they do not involve 6 20%

Total 30 100%


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Table -5.23

Types of Anti Social Activities of slum dwellers, according to their perception.

Table- 5.23 depicts , that 8(23%) of the respondents says that it is Blackmarketing which slum dwellers usually do. some respondents have the view that,

it is prostitutions (27%) ,also 20% of the respondents believes that slum dwellers

do not involve in A.S.B. Pick-poketing constitutes 17% & other forms of A.S.B

holds 13% of the total respondent s perception.

Types of A.S.B Respondents Perception

Black marketing 7 23%

Pick-pocketing 5 17%

Prostitution 8 27%

Other forms 4 13%

No they do not practice

any A.S.B

6 20%

Total 30 100%


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Table -5.2 4

Table showing the age group of the people who involve in A.S.B

Age group Respondent Percentage

Adult 21 70%

Teen age (upto 18) 9 30%

Total 30 100%

The above Table shows that , majority (70%) of respondents have an opinion that

it is Adult person who involved more in A.S.B ,& only (30%) of the respondents

thinks that it is the Teen age group ,who indulge themselves more in A.S.B.

Table -5.25

Table showing the various factors responsible for A.S.B of the slum dwellersaccording to their perception

Factor responsible Response Percentage

Low income 9 30%

Limited choice of

occupation

5 17%

Environment of slum

(peer pressure, impact of

parents,impact of their

4 13%


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The above Table ,throws light on, that 13(43%) of the respondents were of the

opinion that ,it is their situation which compels them to practice A.S.B. 9(30%) of the respondents believes that it is their low income for which they indulge

themselves in A.S.B. Due to limited choice of occupation (17%) the involves in

A.S.B. & some respondents (13%) says that it is their environmental factor which

plays a crucial role in their various behaviors.

Table -5.26

Table showing the perception of slum dwellers regarding the consequences of

A.S.B

society )

Their situation compels

them(due to their

situational needs,demand

driven)

13 43%

Total 30 100%

Perception Respondent Percentage

Positive 13 43%

Negative 17 57%

Total 30 100%


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Table -5.27 reflects that 13(43%) of the respondents believes that , A.S.B produce

positive results, while 17(57%) of the respondents were of the opinion that A.S.B

produces negative output.

Table -5.28

Table showing the various advantages they get through A.S.B , according to

their perceptions

From the above Table , we came to know that 6(20%) of the respondents believes

that, in order to increase income slum dwellers involves in A.S.B. To earn in a very

short span of time also compels them to indulge in A.S.B 5(0.16%%).According to

2(0.06%) of respondents ,they believes that through Anti social activities,income

can be generated without much investment.

Advantages Respondent Percentage

Increases income 6 20%

Without much

Investment

2 0.06%

Within short span of time 5 0.16%

Total 13 20.22%


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Table -5.29

Table showing the various disadvantages the slum dwellers are facing due to

A.S.B, according to their perception.

Table -5.29 shows ,that 8 (26%) of the respondent were of the opinion ,that due

to A.S.B, person may be caught by police. 6(20%) of the respondents believes that

because of A.S.B ,unnecessary litigation expenses will have to bear. Also some of

the respondents were of the opinion that, due to the A.S. B. of the parents a very

bad impact will be realized by their children.

5. Major findings & conclusion.

y Majority of the respondents (slum dwellers) are illiterate (60%).

y 53% of the respondent s current occupation is Labour.

y 40% of the respondents Annual income was between 30,000 -40,000.

y Majority (73%) of the slum dwellers has taken loan, both from formal &

informal institution.

y 40% of the respondents perception regarding the cause of A.S.B, is

When there is a need, people go for it.

y 20% of the respondents believes that, slum people never involves in A.S.B.

Disadvantages Respondents Percentages

Caught by police 8 26%

Litigation expenses 6 20%

Bad impact upon children 3 10%

Total 17 46 %


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y According to slum dwellers perception, Prostitution (27%) & Black

marketing (23%)are the most common A.S.B of them.

y Majority of the slum dwellers (43%) believes that it is their situation which

compels them to indulge in A.S.B.

y 30% of the respondents believes that, due to their low income, slum people

engaged themselves in A.S.B.

y 57% of the respondents thinks that through Anti social activities they get

positive output.

y V arious advantages from A.S.B, according to their perception are; increase

money, without much investment money can be generated, With a short

span of time money can be gained.

y 43% of the respondents are of the opinion that due to A.S.B, various

negative results have to face.

y The various disadvantages of A.S.B ,according to the slum people are;

Person may be caught by the police, unnecessary litigation charges has to

bear, & it may have a negative impact upon their children.

Conclusions:

From this research study we came to know, that it is the need of the slum

dwellers that force them to indulge in A.S.B. Also the situation plays a great

role in their behavior & personality. Their Environment too plays a great role in

this regard. Due to their limited choice of occupation which also tends themselves

to practice in unfair means of livelihood.

According to the slum dwellers the various common A.S.B of the slum

People are ; Black marketing, Prostitution, Pickpoketing, etc.

Slum dwellers really faces a adverse impact of A.S.B upon their life ,family

members, themselves & it also poses a great great threat to the Nation itself.In


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this 21 st century Urbanizations would take it own place & growth, but

simultaneously we have to look also the darker side of the Urbanization s effect

on the common people

Suggestion for checking A.S B by the respondents:

y Enough Employment opportunity should be given to them.

y Proper Assistance should be provided to them, in order to lead a

healthy social life.

y Housing & sanitary condition should be improve to at least the

minimum level.

y More number of plans & policies should be implemented, for their

uplipghtment in society.

y According to a slum dweller Ghasi das if our belly will remain

empty, our children will cry for food, then what ultimately we will do.

So if we get the minimum neseccity of life than automatically many

deviant behaviors of ours will changed to a significant way .

Suggestion by the Researcher:

y SOCIALISATION process should be effectively imparted to the slum

people. So that from the very childhood the personality of the slum

children will be well groomed.

y A revolution of education should has to spread across in the slum

areas. At least a minimum level of slum people should get the

opportunity to complete their Primary Education.


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y V ocational Training & skill should be imparted to the slum dwellers , so

that they can earn their livelihood in a Sustainable & Socially

acceptable manner.

y Punishment strategy should follow the REFORMATI V E PRINCIPLE. It

should not focus on the PUNITI V E Form of Punishment.

y It should be taken due consideration that HARDCORE PUNISHMENT can

never produce effective & desired results.

y Reformative punishment should be given to the slum deviants.

y Concept like Open Prison should be popularized.

Bibliography:

y Preventing Anti-social Behavior , Interventions from birth through adolescence.

Guilford publication. By Joan Mc Cord,Richard Emest Tremblay.

y Adolescents at risk of persistent Anti-social Behaviour & Alchohol problems. The role of

behavior ,personality & biological factors .Stockholm University;publishers By

Jenny M E klund.

y Criminology ,Rjashthan University.By Ram Ahuja.y Social problems & social Disorganization in india By Mamoria C.B.

y Indian social problem By Ram Ahuja.

y Criminology By Don c.Gibbons.

y Preventing Antisocial Behavior: Interventions from Birth Through Adolescence

By Joan Mc Cord, Richard Ernest Tremblay Guilford Publications .

y Adolescents at Risk of Persistent Antisocial Behaviour and Alcohol

Problems: The Role of Behavior, Personality and Biological Factors(Health Equity Study) Stockholm University By Jenny M Eklund.


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Questionnaire Schedule:

(a)Personal profile:

1. Name of the respondent

2. Age of the respondent

3.What is the structure of your family?

a. Nuclear

b. Joint

c.Extended

4 . Do you married?

a. Yes b .No

4 .How many children do you have?

a. 1-2 b .3-5 c.above

5.Do you sent your children to the school?

a. Yes b .No

6.If not,than what did your children do?

A.stay in house.

b.child labour.

c.ragpickers.

D .any other factor, specify.

7. What is your educational status?

a. Illiterate b .class 1 to 4 c.class 6 th to 8 th d. Metric

E.Higher secondary & above.


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(b)Economic profile:

1. What was your traditional occupation?

a. agriculture

B.collecting forest product

c.small business

d. artisian

2. What is your current occupation?

a. Cultivation b. agriculture c.labour

d. driver e. manson f. any other,

specify.

3.What is your annual income?

a. 10,000-20,000 b .20,000-30,000 c.30,000-40,000

d. 40,000-50,000 e.50,000 & above

4 .Monthly income?

5.Do you have any of the following assets?

a. cycle b. motor cycle c.T.V d .Tape recorder e. any other

6.Do you have any livestock?yes/no

If yes a. Goat b. Hen c.cow d. any other

7.Do you have own house or rented house ?

8.Do your female member support economically?yes/no

If yes, how a.

b.

c.

d.


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9.Do you have taken loan?

Yes/No

Source

If yes , how much

Rate of interest .

Anti social behavior of slum dwellers:

1. Slum people are poor; they do not have access to a healthy life .People

believe that due to ignorance & poverty slum people are engaged in some

anti social activities.

D o you agree? Yes/no

If yes, how often?

a .frequently

b .rarely

c.when need is there

2.If you think that , they involve in such activity ,what type of often they do

?

a. black marketing

b .kidnapping

c.rape

d .murder

e .any other form, specify

3.What is the common age of the people, who practices such kind of

behavior/activities.?

a .adult man b .teen age group


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4 .According to you ,what are the various factors which are responsible for

involving in such kind of activities?

a .low income

b .no choice of alternative income source

c.environment of slum.

d .situation compels them

5.How do you rate the above mentioned 4 factors ,out of 10

6. Parents have a great impact upon the children s personality. Do you

agree with this statement

Yes/no

7. If the parents are frequently involve in anti social activities, then

children too accept this practices & indulge themselves in their latter age .

Do you agree with this statement?

Yes/No

8. Proper care & guidance s to a child from the very childhood, shapes

his/her personality ,image ,behavior & makes them a responsible citizen of

the state in future .

Do you accept this statement?

Yes/No

9.What do you think about the consequences of such anti social activities of

the slum dwellers.

a . positive b. negative

10. If positive, than how?

11 .If negative,than how?

abhijit momohanty s.r.m m

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