1

i=kpkj ikB~;Øei=kpkj ikB~;Øei=kpkj ikB~;Øei=kpkj ikB~;Øe ek/;fed f'k{kk e.My] e/;izns'k] ek/;fed f'k{kk e.My] e/;izns'k] ek/;fed f'k{kk e.My] e/;izns'k] ek/;fed f'k{kk e.My] e/;izns'k]

HkksikyHkksikyHkksikyHkksiky

¼}kjk lokZf/kdkj lqjf{kr½¼}kjk lokZf/kdkj lqjf{kr½¼}kjk lokZf/kdkj lqjf{kr½¼}kjk lokZf/kdkj lqjf{kr½

fMIyksek bu ,T;qds'kufMIyksek bu ,T;qds'kufMIyksek bu ,T;qds'kufMIyksek bu ,T;qds'ku

f}rh;f}rh;f}rh;f}rh; o"kZ o"kZ o"kZ o"kZ

v/;kiu vH;kl gsrq v/;kiu vH;kl gsrq v/;kiu vH;kl gsrq v/;kiu vH;kl gsrq izn'kZu ikB ,oa funsZ'kizn'kZu ikB ,oa funsZ'kizn'kZu ikB ,oa funsZ'kizn'kZu ikB ,oa funsZ'k

2

vaxzsth ikBu dh ^^ikB vaxzsth ikBu dh ^^ikB vaxzsth ikBu dh ^^ikB vaxzsth ikBu dh ^^ikB ;kstuk** rS;kj djus gsrq ;kstuk** rS;kj djus gsrq ;kstuk** rS;kj djus gsrq ;kstuk** rS;kj djus gsrq

funsZ'kfunsZ'kfunsZ'kfunsZ'k

3

i=kpkj ikB~;Øei=kpkj ikB~;Øei=kpkj ikB~;Øei=kpkj ikB~;Øe ek/;fed f'k{kk e.My] e/;izns'k] Hkksikyek/;fed f'k{kk e.My] e/;izns'k] Hkksikyek/;fed f'k{kk e.My] e/;izns'k] Hkksikyek/;fed f'k{kk e.My] e/;izns'k] Hkksiky

¼}kjk lokZf/kdkj lqjf{kr½¼}kjk lokZf/kdkj lqjf{kr½¼}kjk lokZf/kdkj lqjf{kr½¼}kjk lokZf/kdkj lqjf{kr½ fMIyksek bu ,T;qds'kufMIyksek bu ,T;qds'kufMIyksek bu ,T;qds'kufMIyksek bu ,T;qds'ku

f}rh;f}rh;f}rh;f}rh; o"kZ o"kZ o"kZ o"kZ ikB ;ksikB ;ksikB ;ksikB ;kstuk tuk tuk tuk Lesson Plan

HkwfedkHkwfedkHkwfedkHkwfedk%&%&%&%&

f'k{k.k ,d dyk gS vkSj mls lQyrkiwoZd laiUu djus gsrq mudh iwoZ ;kstuk dk fuekZ.k

djuk furkar vko';d gSA

ikB; ;kstuk ds fuekZ.k dks Li"V le> ysus ds i'pkr f'k{kd vkSj fo|kFkhZ ds fy, f'k{k.k

dk;Z vf/kd lqxe] vkd"kZd ,oa mi;ksxh cu tkrk gSA

vkaXy Hkk"kk f'k{k.k gsrq ikB ;kstuk cukus ls tgka v/;kid f'k{kk ds fl)karksa] fo"k;oLrq ,oa

f'k{k.k izfof/k;ksa ls Hkyh&Hkkafr ifjfpr gks tkrk gS] ogh ckyd Hkh ekufld :i ls Hkk"kk ds rRoksa

,oa fofHkUu fo/kkvksa dks le>us ds fy;s vfHkizsfjr gks tkrk gSA vf/kxe ljy vkSj jkspd gks tkrk

gSA

ikB ;kstuk fuekZ.k&ikB ;kstuk fuekZ.k&ikB ;kstuk fuekZ.k&ikB ;kstuk fuekZ.k&

vkaXy Hkk"kk dh ikB ;kstuk cukrs le; gesa fuEu ckrksa dk /;ku j[kuk pkfg, %&

General information about the topic and Teaching:-

(i) Date ¼og fnukad ftlesa ikB i<+kuk gks½

(ii) Class ¼d{kk ftlesa ikB i<+k;k gks½

(iii) Period ¼dky [k.M ftlesa ikB i<+k;k tk;sxk½

(iv) Time ¼dky[k.M dh vof/k 35 fefuV ;k 40 fefuV½

(v) Name of the School ¼'kkyk dk uke tgka i<+k;k tkosxk½

(vi) Subject ¼x| ;k i| ikB ;k vU;½

(vii) Unit No. mibdkbZ ¼,d izdj.k le;kuqlkj fdruh mi bdkbZ;ksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gS½

(viii) Topic ¼ikB ;k dfork dk uke½

(ix) Lesson Plan No. jpuk ;k O;kdj.k rRo ¼vkidh fu/kkZfjr ikB ;kstuk esa dkSu lk uacj gS½

4

First Step – Pre-teaching Planing

1- bl lksiku esa ge vius ikB dk y[; fu/kkZfjr djrs gSA tSls vaxzsth Hkk"kk i<+kus ds lkekU;

mn~ns'; D;k gS\

1. Expected competence : ftl ikB ;k ikB~;oLrq dks vki i<+kus tk jgs gS] mlds i<+kus ds

ckn ckydksa esa visf{kr fdl Kku dh o`f) gksxh mldk mYys[k djuk pkfg,A ;g ckr

cgqr egRoiw.kZ gSA vkids IkkB f'k{k.k dh lQyrk vFkok vlQyrk blh ckr ij fuHkZj

djsxh fd ckydksa esa tks Kku of) vki ikB ds ek/;e ls nsuk pkgrs gS] gqbZ vFkok ughaA

vaxzsth Hkk"kk i<+kus ds eq[; mn~ns'; dks ge fuEufyf[kr izdkj ls fy[k ldrs gS %&

(i) To enable the pupil to understand English when spoken.

(ii) To enable them to speak English.

(iii) To enable them to read and Write English.

(iv) To enable the students to enrich their vocabulary.

Dictation -

(v) To give them the idea of writing English.

(vi) To enable them to improve their writing power.

(vii) To enable them to concentrate their attention on.

(viii) To enable the students to write correct English.

Translation -

(ix) To enable the students to understand English language.

Prose Lesson -

(x) To enable them to increase their reading and speaking capability.

Poem -

(xi) To enable them to recite a poem with proper rhythm and rhyme.

(xii) To enable them to appreciate and evaluate the ideas and the sentiments of the

poet.

(xiii) To help them to develop their aesthetic sense and imagination.

Grammar -

(xiv) To enable the students to speak and write correct English.

Compostion -

(xv) To enable them to express their ideas in a logical and systematic manner.

(xvi) To make them think logically and systematically.

(xvii) To develop in them style of writing.

5

(xviii) vki Hkk"kk ds ftl rRo ;k fo/kk ¼:i½ dks i<+kus tk jgs gS] mldk fo'ks"k mn~ns';

D;k gSA blesa vkidks Li"V fy[kuk pkfg, mnkgj.kkFkZ &

(i) Dictation –

(i) To enable them to improve and practice the spellings of the words.

(ii) To enable the students to make their knowledge of English language practical

and perfect.

(ii) Structures –

(i) To teach them the structures.

(ii) Grammatical items.

(iii) To enable the pupils to learn the correct use of the various parts of speech

(iii) Translation –

(i) To make them understand the right use of tenses while doing translation.

(ii) To enable the students to use correct tenses while framing sentences.

(iv) Prose –

(i) To make the pupil acquaint with the subject matter of the lessons

(v) Poem –

(i) To enable them to appreciate the ideas and feelings of the poet expressed in

the poems

(ii) To enable the students recite the poem with proper rhyme and rhythm.

fof'k"V mn~ns'; esa ikB&dfork rRo jpuk vkfn dks tks i<+kus tk jgs gS Li"V lanHkZ nsuk

pkfg,A

(vi) Composition –

(i) To enable the pupils to write a composition on various subjects.

2. Learning Material ls rkRi;Z gS fd i<+krs le; vki D;k&D;k lgk;d f'k{kk lkexzh iz;qDr

djsaxs mudk Li"V mYys[k djuk pkfg,A tSls& Black-Board, Chalk, Chart, Flash Cards,

Picutre, Rolling Black-Board and other objects used by the teacher as teaching

material.

3. Acquired competencies ¼izos'k dh {kerk,a½ i.e. previous knowledge

bl 'kh"kZd ds vUrxZr vkidks tks ikB ;k ikB~;oLrq vki i<+kus tk jgs gS D;k mlls iwoZ

dk Kku gS\ D;k mlls cPps ifjfpr gS\ mYys[k djuk pkfg, cPps iwoZ ls D;k Kku vftZr

fd;s gq, gSaA vFkok ikB dks Bhd ls le>us ds fy, iwoZ Kku dh vko';drk gS mlls

ckyd D;k&D;k tkusaA ¼le>us ds fy;s ikB ;kstuk dk uewuk nsf[k;s½

6

4. Expected Competencies ¼visf{kr {kerk,a½ &

ftl ikB ;k ikB~;xr oLrq dks i<+kus tk jgs gSa mlds i<+kus ds ckn ikydksa esa visf{kr

fdl Kku dh o`f) djuk pkfg,A ;g ckr cgqr egRoiw.kZ gSA vkids ikB f'k{k.k dh

lQyrk vFkok vlQyrk ckydksa esa tks Kku o`f) vki ikB ds ek/;e ls nsuk pkgrs Fks] gq,

vFkok ughaA

5. Introductory questions ¼ifjp;kRed iz'u½ &

ikB ;kstuk dk ;g egRoiw.kZ Hkkx gSA ;fn vki fofHkUu mi;qDr iz'uksa ds ek/;e ls ml

fo"k; ij vkuk pkg jgs gS] ftls vkius ikB ;kstuk esa i<+kus dk fuf'p; fd;k gS rks ,sls

iz'uksa dk ladyu cM+s pkrq;Z ls djuk pkfg, rkfd ckyd Lo;a tku tk,a fd vki D;k

i<+kuk pkgrs gS rFkk mUgas D;k i<+uk gSA fo"k; ;k fo"k; ds utnhd cPpksa dks ykdj vkidks

rc ml ikB dk iz;kstu fo"k; oLrq dh ?kks"k.kk djuh pkfg,A

6. Announcement of the topic or the statement of the air ¼f'k{kdh; dFku½ &

bl 'kh"kZd esa Li"V :i ls mYys[k djuk pkfg, fd vkids izLrqr ikB ;kstuk esa ikB~;

lkexzh D;k gS] tSls& vkt ge "The Postman" uked dfork vFkok ikB "William Tell"

i<saxsA

The lesson/poem that we are going to read is………….."

Step 3 Planning during teaching- cky dsfUnzr f'k{kk esa Lohd`r ^^ikB ;kstuk izk:i** ds vuqlkj

blesa fuEu ckrsa vkrh gSA

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Learing

outcome

¼vf/kxe izfrQy½

Learing method

¼vf/kxe fof/k½

Teacher's

activity

¼f'k{kd ds

fØ;kdyki½

Student's

activity

¼f'k{kkFkhZ ds

fØ;kdyki½

Learing material

¼vf/kxe lkexzh½

(a) izFke 'kh"kZd vFkok ikB ;kstuk ds bl Hkkx esa i<+kus ls cPps D;k lh[k ldasxs] mu fcUnqvksa

dk mYys[k gksuk pkfg,A

(b) Teacher's activity ds vUrxZr f'k{kd fdu fØ;kdykiksa ds ek/;e ls vf/kxe gsrq lkexzh

izLrqr djrk gS mldk mYys[k gksuk pkfg,A vFkkZr~ presentation ;k izLrqrhdj.kA

(c) Students' activity esa f'k{kd }kjk iwNs x;s iz'uksa ds mRrj ,oa os O;olkf;d fØ;kdyki

lfEefyr jgsaxs ftudk iz;ksx fo|kFkhZ funsZ'kkuqlkj f'k{kd ds fdlh fu"d"kZ ij igqapus ds

fy;s djrk gSA

7

(d) Learing material ds vUrxZr os difficult words tks cPpksa dh Vocabulary esa Add djus ds

n`f"Vdks.k ls lanfHkZr ikB ls p;u fd;s x;s gSa vFkok fcUnq ;k lkexzh ls lacaf/kr gksrh gS]

dk mYys[k fd;k tkosxkA

(e) Black-board work Nk=ksa }kjk fn;s x;s mRrj ;k fcUnqvksa dks ';keiV ij fy[kk tkosxkA

(i) Post teaching planning –

ikB ;kstuk ds vuqlkj i<+kus dh fØ;k lekIr dj ysus ds cn vkids ikB esa fdruk

vf/kxe gks pqdk gS tkuus ds fy;s bl [k.M esa iz'uksa vkfn dk fu/kkZj.k ikB~;lkexzh ij

fd;k tkrk gSA blds vUrxZr fuEufyf[kr rhu fØ;k,a vkrh gSA

(ii) Recapitulation –

tks dqN i<+k;k x;k mlds izeq[k fcUnqvksa dks iqu% nksgjkus ds fy; o vf/kxe dh lQyrk

;k vlQyrk tkuus ds fy;s ;k rks f'k{k.k lkjka'k dk mYys[k djrk gS ;k iz'uksa }kjk iqu%

vf/kxe djrk gSA

(iii) Evaluation ¼ewY;kadu½ &

cPpksa us ikB ls D;k lh[kk ;g tkuus ds fy;s dqN vH;kl iz'u oLrqfu"B :i ls bles

fy[ks tkrs gS rFkk cPpksa ls mRrj izkIr dj muds vf/kxe dk ewY;kadu fd;k tkrk gSA

Stap 4. Home assignment ¼x`g dk;Z½ It should be based on the topic taught. Question and

their expected answers should be short.

izkIr vf/kxe dks n`<+ djus ds mn~ns'; ls vf/kxe fo"k; ls lacaf/kr lkexzh] vaxzsth ikB

fuekZ.k ds fl)kar ;kstuk ds <kaps rFkk ckydksa ds euksoSKkfud ls Hkyh&Hkkafr voxr gksuk vko';d

gSA

fdruk i<+uk gS] fdrus le; esa] D;k i<+uk gS vf/kxe dks izHkko'kkyh vkSj fu;ksftr cukus

ds fy;s ikB ;kstuk cukdj i<+uk furkar vko';d gSA

& & & &

8

Note: This Lesson plan is based on the structural words of lesson 1 of the text book

A Model Lession Plan

Subject : English

Topic: a, is, this, that

9

A Model Lesson Plan

Lesson No. 1 : Date 10 August, 2006

Subject : English Class -

Topic : Structural words "a", "is", and "this" Period –

"that"

School : Middle School, Bhopal

Activity : Oral activity

Expected Competencies:

(1) To enable students to understand English sounds and to speak correctly the sentence

pattern.

(2) To enable the students to use the vocabulary contents of the lesson.

(3) To enable te students to listen the correct of the lesson.

(4) To help them speak the words and the sentences correctly.

(5) To identify the English names of the objects.

(6) To help them discriminate the English sounds with Hindi equivalent sounds.

Acquired Competencies :

(1) Students are well acquainted with Hindi names of the objects and things.

(2) Learners can speak, communicate and express their thoughts correctly in Hindi.

(3) Learners know the English alphabet only.

Teaching material (Aid) :

(1) Pictures of different objects and things that are very well known to the students but

are not present in the school e.g. motor car, postman, garden, shop etc.

This is a house

This is a boy

This is a girl

This is a tree

This is a lamp

This is a bullock-cart

10

(2) A rolling black-board with a substitution table of the sentence pattern.

Motivation – The teacher will tell the learners that they will learn sentences which

they can use in their conversation. He will encourage them to participate in the class-

room activity because credit-marks will be given for every correct performance.

Teacher's Presentation :

There will be two groups. Let us see which group wins more marks.

Introduction (Presentation):

The teacher will ask every student to hold his pen in his hand.

The teacher will hold a pen in his hand and showing it to the class he will speak.

This is a pen.

He will ask the learners to speak the same sentence showing their pen. This group

practice will help even the shy students to speak the sentences.

Practice –

The teacher will divide the class in two groups. A and B.

The teacher will hold a book in his hands and call a student from 'B'. He will ask him

to point to words the book and speak the sentence. "This is a book". Now he will organize the

practice in the following way.

Group 'A' – One student of this group will hold a thing in his hand.

Group 'B' – One of the students of the group 'B' will go near it, touch the thing and speak the

sentence.

This is a ………………….

Step 1 –

Learing Publis learning activities (Class Room) Learing

outcome Gropup 'A' Group 'B' Material

The pupils will learn

to speak the sentence,

point at it, and speak

sentences about the

things that are near

them.

Turn by trun every

pupil of the group

will hold a thing in

his hand and speak.

1. will hold his shirt

2. will hod a bad.

One of the students of the

group will go near the

student showing the

thing, touch it and speak.

1. Will go, touch it and

say. This is a shirt.

Things and

objects that are

present in the

class.

11

3. ……pencil

4. ……button

5. …..shoe

6. …..scale

7. …..will go to

touch the door of

the room

8. will touch the

black board.

2. This is a bag.

3. This is a Pencil.

4. This is a button.

5. This ia a Shoe.

6. This is a scale.

7. will go near the door

and pointing to it

will sya- This is a

door.

8. This is a black-

board.

The teacher will keep the record of the credit points.

Step 2 –

The teacher will now go near are black board and point to the door of the room and

say That is a door.

Likewise, he will go about into the class room and, pointing to the black board from a

distance, will speak.

That is the black board.

Learing

Outcome

Pupils class romm

Group 'B'

Activities material

Group 'A'

The pupils will learn

the use of that for

distant objects

Pattern of sentence

That is

1. Will show a picture

2. Will stand up at his place

and point to his desk

3. Will go near the window

1. Will speak the sentence

object.

from his place.

This is a picture.

2. (from his place) point to the

distant object and speak.

That is desk.

3. Will speak from his place.

That is a window.

12

Step 3 –

Class – Room Activities

Learning activities Learing

Outcome

Teacher's

Guidenace Group 'A' Group 'B'

Material

Aids

Pupil will learn

to use Correctly

This for near

objects and that

for distant

objects

The teacher will

show picture of

a dog or a

motor-car or

shop or a garden

Pupils will go

near the picture,

point to it and

speak one by one

1. This is a dog

2. This is a

motor car

3. This is a

shop

4. This is a

garden

Pupils of this group

will stand up one by

one at their place.

Picutre which is at a

distant corner and

speak.

1. This is a dog

2. This is a motor car

3. This is a shop

4. This is a garden

Pictures of

objects.

Establishment –

The rolling black board will be unrolled in the class and the students (one by one) be

asked to read a sentence from it.

The students will be asked to write five sentence on the pattern that is taught.

Note –

The lesson plan is suggestive and is meant for oral-aural practice in order to develop

the basic skill of listening, speaking and reading.

The lesson plan must vary according to the ability, competency and performance of

the learners. It is for elementary stage (1st year of learing English). At this stag emphasis

should be given to encourage the pupils to speak correct English.

Evaluation goes side by side and serves the purpose the feed back which leads to

reorganize the learing activities a per need.

- - - - - -

13

Child – Centered Lesson Plan Subject – English

Topic – Poem Class – D.Ed.

A Model Lesson

14

English Reader (D.Ed.)

The Postman

The Postman is a busy man.

Collecting letters in his van.

To catch the evening mail.

He takes them to the G.P.O.

They're stamped and sorted then they go.

By road or plane or rail.

Next day we hear his cheery knock.

He always comes at eight o'clock.

He's never known to fail.

(E. Bioletti)

Lesson Plan

1. Lesson plan number 1. Date - 28th August 2006

2. Subject English 2. Class – D.Ed.

3. Unit 3. Period : I

4. Sub unit 4. Time: 12.00 to 12.35 P.M.

5. Topic : Poem. "The Postman".

6. School: Govt. Boys Middly School.

Railway Colony, Gwalior (M.P.)

Expected Competencies:

(i) To enable the students to understand, speak, read and write English.

(ii) To enable the students to enjoy poerty.

(iii) To enable the students to recite the poem "The Postman" with proper rhyme and

rhythm.

(iv) To help them to develop their aesthetic sense and imagination.

Learnt Competencies:

(i) Students are well acquainted with nursery rhymes.

(ii) They have read some poems in the Class.

(iii) They are acquainted with the postman of their locality.

15

Learing Material (Teaching Learing aid)

(i) A rolling Black board with the poem written on it.

(ii) A chart showing the postman having letters and parcels in his hand.

Motivation :

(The teacher recites two lines of a poem, which the students have read in class D.Ed.

and ask them to complete it)

"Little drops of water,

Little grains of sand.

Make the mighty ocean,

And"

INTRODUCTION :-

Teacher asks the question

(i) Do you like reading poems?

(ii) Showing the picture of the "Postman" he asks, "Whose picture is this"? Statement of

the teacher i.e. the announcement. Of the topic.

The poem we are going to study is "The Postman" composed by E. Bioletti the

students will be divided into two groups.

(i) The students will be divided into two group. Each group will be responsible for

practicing one skill of language namely listening and reciting.

Learning

Outcome

Learning Activies

Teacher's guidance

Learning

Pupil's activity

Material

First Step

(i) They will learn

to read the

poem with

proper rhyme

and rhythm

(i) Persentation:

Model reading

once or twice by

the teacher

(i) All the pupils

will listen to the

model

presentation of

the poem.

(ii) The group 'A'

(Listening

group) will

(i) The poem

written on the

rolling black

board.

(ii) The poem is in

the test book on

page 137

16

reproduce the

poem line by

line.

(iii) Group 'B' the

reciting group

will copy the

recitation done

by the group 'A'

of the students.

(iv) Then all pupils

will read the

poem in a

chorus with a

proper rhythum.

Second Step -

(ii) They will learn

the meaning of

difficult words used

in the poem.

Understanding the

poem by illustration

(i) Monthly fees is

to be Collected

(ii) Some students

have the hobby

of collecting

stamps or coins.

(iii) Do you have the

hobby of

collecting

stamps?

(iv) Name the

carriage in which

you travel.

(v) Name the

carriage in which

bags are kept?

Expected

response

Yes, we do

Bus

Van

Difficult words

Collecting

,df=r djrs gq,

Accumulating

Van :-

Carriage in which

post bags are kept or

carried

Mkd ys tkus okyh

xkM+h

G.P.O. is the short

from of General izeq[k

Post Office Mkd?kj

17

(vi) Where is the

main post office

of Gwalior

It is a Bada

They will learn the

meaning of difficult

words:

By illustration

(i) Letters are

stamped and

sorted

(ii) They are

delivered after

stamping and

sorting.

(iii) We travel by

bus or railways

on road or rail

road on how do

we travel in the

sky?

(iv) When some

body says

There is a

Letter for you"

from your

friend. How do

you feel?

(v) What does a

postman do at

our doors

before

delivering our

letters?

Stamped impressed

with post office seal

lhy yxkuk

Sorted:

Separated

Into classes and

Groups

NkaVuk

We feel happy

He gives

Cheery knock at our

door

We travel

In a naeroplane

cheery knock.

18

Understanding the poem Expected response

Students are able to

understand the gist of the

poem

(i) Who delivers our

letters to us?

(ii) Who collects letters

from boxes?

(iii) Name the carriage in

which the post bags are

kept?

(iv) Where is the main post

office at Gwalior?

(v) What is done with the

letters in the post

office before they are

delivered?

(vi) By what means the

mail is sent to other

cities?

(vii) Whose cheery knock at

our doors do we hear?

(viii) Why is the postman

known never to fail?

Postman delivers letters to

us.

Postman collects letter from

Letter boxes.

Van

It is at Bada

They are stamped and sorted.

It is sent by trains, buses or

planes.

We hear the cheery knock of

the postman.

He is always punctual.

Black board Summary :-

The teacher will write all the questions and answers given by the students.

Recapitulation :-

(The students will be asked to look over the poem silently and rapidly and then the

following questions will be asked by the teacher to recapitulate the ideas contained in the

poem).

(i) Who takes the letter to the G.P.O.?

(ii) Who knocks at our door at eight o'clock?

(iii) How do letters go from one place to another?

(iv) Does the same man do all the things in your post-office?

19

(v) Who is known never to fail?

Evaluation : Fill in the blanks with correct words : -

(i) ……………..is busy man.

(ii) ……………is a carriage in which the post bags are carried.

(iii) ……………go from on place to another by………………

(iv) He always comes at……………..

(v) The postman is always………….

(The Postman, Van, Letters, Place train, Eigh o'clock, regular)

Final Reading :-

The teacher reads out the whole poem once again and the pupils imitate the teacher

with proper rhythm and rhyme in a chorus form.

Assignment : -

(i) The students will be asked to learn by heart the whole poem.

(ii) They will be asked to write a few sentences on "The Postman".

- - - - - - -

20

fo"kfo"kfo"kfo"k; & foKku ; & foKku ; & foKku ; & foKku

ikB ;kstuk dk fuekZ.k ikB ;kstuk dk fuekZ.k ikB ;kstuk dk fuekZ.k ikB ;kstuk dk fuekZ.k

,d f'k{kd vius fo"k; dh Bhd ls iwjh rS;kjh djrk gS rFkk og iwjs mRlkg ds lkFk d{kk

esa izos'k djrk gS] ysfdu T;ks gh Nk=ksa ls ckrphr vkSj muds }kjk mBk, x;s iz'uksa ls mldk /;ku

caVrk gS] mldh ikB~;oLrq dk Øe fc[kj tkrk gSA mlds fl[kkus esa vO;oLFkk vk tkrh gS og ckrsa

vuko';d :i ls nksgjkrk gS rFkk dbZ vko';d fcUnq NksM+ nsrk gSA

ikB ;kstuk f'k{kd ds ,slh fLFkfr ls cpus esa lgk;d gksrh gSA vr% lQy f'k{kd ds fy;s

ikB ;kstuk rS;kj djuk vfuok;Z gS] ;fn f'k{kd ds ikl igys ls gh rS;kj dh xbZ ikB ;kstuk gS

rks og vPNs <ax ls f'k{k.k dj ldrk gSA D;ksafd mls ;g ekywe gS fd veqd LFkku ij veqd ckr

dguh gS rFkk og iz'u djus esa lQy gks tkrk gSA

yxkrkj ikB ;kstuk cukrs jgus ls f'k{kd vius f'k{k.k ds xq.k nks"kksa dks Hkh /khjs&/khjs

xgjkbZ ls le>us yxrk gSA ifj.kkeLo:i og f'k{k.k esa vf/kdkf/kd dq'kyrk izkIr djrk pyk tkrk

gSA ikB ;kstuk d{kk ds vanj gksus okys fØ;kdykiksa dks ys[kc) :i gS ftldk lgk;rk ls f'k{kd

dk /;ku b/kj&m/kj caVus dh laHkkouk izk;% lekIr gks tkrh gSA bl izdkj ikB ;kstuk ls f'k{k.k es

lQyrk izkIr djus esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA

fiNys dqN n'kdksa esa ikB dh /kkj.kk esa ,d Økafrdkjh ifjorZu vk;k gSA igys f'k{kd

izfØ;k dk dsUnz fcUnq Kku gksrk Fkk vkSj mls izlkj.k dk ,dek= ek/;e ekuk tkrk Fkk ijarq vc

f'k{k.k izfØ;k esa Nk= vkSj mldh {kerkvksa dks Hkh mruk gh egRoiw.kZ LFkku gS] ftruk f'k{kd dkA

blls Hkh ,d dne vkxs c<+dj dqN f'k{kk 'kkfL=;ksa us rks vc ;g ekuuk izkjaHk dj fn;k gS

fd ikB lh[kus dh ifjfLFkfr gS] ;gka Nk= Lo;a gh lh[kus dh igy djrk gS vkSj f'k{kd mldh

lgk;rk vkSj funsZ'ku ek= djrs gSA vc ikB ;kstuk ,slh cukuk pkfg, rkfd fo|ky;hu fo"k; dks

f'k{kd] Nk= dsfUnzr] vf/kxe dsfUnzr ,oa fØ;k vk/kkfjr fof/k;ksa }kjk f'k{k.k dj ldsA

ikB ;kstuk }kjk Nk=ksa esa fuEu dq'kyrk,a iSnk dh tk ldrh gS%&

1- iz'u djus dh dykA

2- fujh{k.k dj dkS'ky izkIr djukA

3- Kku dh [kkstA

4- lkekU;hdj.k] laxBu rFkk fu"d"kZA

5- Kku dk uohu ifjfLFkfr esa iz;ksx djukA

6- ,d oLrq dk nwljh oLrq ea iz;ksx djukA

7- iwoZ Kku dk uohu Kku ls laca/k LFkkfir djukA

21

8- iz;ksx djus dk dkS'ky ,oa vUos"k.k dh {kerk tSls xq.kksa dk fodklA

9- bZekunkj yxu'khy ,oa lgu'khyrk tSls uSfrd xq.kksa dk fodklA

ikB ;kstuk ,d yphyh rFkk Øec) ;kstuk gSA ftlds }kjk mn~ns';ksa dh izkfIr gksrh gS]

ftlls fo|ky; dk n'kZu Nk=ksa dh izd`fr f'k{kk laca/kh vuqHko] f'k{kd dh ;ksX;rk rFkk fp=ksa dk

fuekZ.k vkfn vkrs gSA dksbZ Hkh ikB ;kstuk vkn'kZ ugha dgykrh gS] ikB ;kstuk dks ftruk vPNk

cukuk pkgsa] f'k{kd cuk ldrs gSA

ikB ;kstuk ds fuekZ.k esa Nk= dh :fp] mldk ekufld Lrj rFkk mlls mldh

euksoSKkfud 'kkjhfjd ,oa laosxkRed vko';drk dk Hkh /;ku j[kuk vko';d gSA D;ksafd f'k{kd dk

mn~ns'; lh[kus dh izfØ;k esa Nk=ksa dks iw.kZ :i ls layXu djuk gSA Nk= dh lfØ;rk vkSj rYyhu

ij gh f'k{k.k bldk iw.kZ gksuk laHko gSA rHkh f'k{kd izHkkoh cu ldrk gSA dqy feykdj ikB ;kstuk

dh dlkSVh vkSj mldh xq.koRrk ;gh gS fd mlds ek/;e ls Nk= fdruk lh[krs gS vkSj fdruk

vkRelkr djrs gSA

Nk= dsfUnzr mikxe ds fy;s ikB ;kstuk dk izk:i fuEukuqlkj gS%&

d{kk& fo"k;& dky[k.M&

izdj.k

vf/kxe lkexzh

n{krk,a

O;wg pj.k & O;wg pj.k & O;wg pj.k & O;wg pj.k &

izFke pj.k izFke pj.k izFke pj.k izFke pj.k

izLrqrhdj.k &izLrqrhdj.k &izLrqrhdj.k &izLrqrhdj.k &

ØØØØ---- f'k{kd fØ;kf'k{kd fØ;kf'k{kd fØ;kf'k{kd fØ;k Nk= fØ;kNk= fØ;kNk= fØ;kNk= fØ;k

1

2

3

mn~ns'; dFku & mn~ns'; dFku & mn~ns'; dFku & mn~ns'; dFku &

22

f}rh; pj.k f}rh; pj.k f}rh; pj.k f}rh; pj.k

ikB fodkl &ikB fodkl &ikB fodkl &ikB fodkl &

ØØØØ---- f'k{k.k fcUnqf'k{k.k fcUnqf'k{k.k fcUnqf'k{k.k fcUnq fof/kfof/kfof/kfof/k f'k{kd fØ;kf'k{kd fØ;kf'k{kd fØ;kf'k{kd fØ;k Nk= fØ;kdykiNk= fØ;kdykiNk= fØ;kdykiNk= fØ;kdyki ';keiV dk;Z';keiV dk;Z';keiV dk;Z';keiV dk;Z

1111

2222

3333

r`rh; pj.k r`rh; pj.k r`rh; pj.k r`rh; pj.k

iqujkoyksdu &iqujkoyksdu &iqujkoyksdu &iqujkoyksdu &

ØØØØ---- f'k{kd fØ;kf'k{kd fØ;kf'k{kd fØ;kf'k{kd fØ;k Nk= fØ;kNk= fØ;kNk= fØ;kNk= fØ;k ';keiV dk;Z';keiV dk;Z';keiV dk;Z';keiV dk;Z

1

2

3

23

x`g dk;Zx`g dk;Zx`g dk;Zx`g dk;Z

izdj.k &izdj.k &izdj.k &izdj.k &

lkekU; :i ls ;gka ij ikB~;iqLrd dk uke fy[kk tkrk gSA fdUrq ;g lnSo vko';d Hkh

ugha gS] D;ksafd foKku fo"k; esa fdlh ikB dks NksVh&NksVh bdkbZ;ksa esa ckaVk tkrk gSA

vr% izdj.k ds vUrxZr ikB dh ,d bdkbZ dks Hkh fy;k tk ldrk gSA

iwoZ {kerk,a &iwoZ {kerk,a &iwoZ {kerk,a &iwoZ {kerk,a &

bldk laca/k mu {kerkvks ls gS tks dfFkr izdj.k dk lh[kus ls igys Nk= esa ekStwn gSA

bl lksiku ds vUrxZr ikB ls lacaf/kr Kku tks Nk= tkurs gS la{ksi esa fn;k tkrk gSA ;g iwoZ Kku

vius ls ;k viuh ikB;oLrq ds fiNys ikB ls izkIr djrs gSA

n{krk,a &n{krk,a &n{krk,a &n{krk,a &

fn;s x;s izdj.k ds ek/;e ls vki Nk=ksa esa fdu&fdu {kerkvksa ds fodkl dh vis{kk gS] ;g

vkids le{k fcydqy Li"V gksuk pkfg,A vki Lo;a vius ls iz'u djsa fd bldk f'k{k.k djus ls

Nk= D;k lh[ksaxs\ muesa dkSu&dkSu ls ewY; fodflr gksaxs\ fdu&fdu oSKkfud {kerkvksa dh o`f)

gksxh\ buds mRrj gh bl in ds vUrxZr fy[ks tk;sxsA la{ksi esa vkidk mn~ns'; Nk= esa mu

{kerkvksa dk fodkl djuk gS tks vki ;gh fu/kkZfjr djsaxsA blfy, ;s vkids mn~ns'; Hkh gSA ikB

;kstuk dh ;g lcls egRoiw.kZ dM+h gSA visf{kr {kerk,a mruh gh fu/kkZfjr dh tk;s ftruh dh ,d

dky[k.M esa iw.kZ dh tk ldsA

leL;k ds :i esa izdj.k dk izLrqrhdj.k &leL;k ds :i esa izdj.k dk izLrqrhdj.k &leL;k ds :i esa izdj.k dk izLrqrhdj.k &leL;k ds :i esa izdj.k dk izLrqrhdj.k &

bl lksiku ds vUrxZr Nk=ksa ds le{k izdj.k dks ,d leL;k ds :i es izLrqr djuk pkfg,

rkfd lh[kus esa vf/kd :fp ysdj vkrqj cus jgsA lkekU;rk iz'u ds :i esa gksrh gS rFkk bls ^^D;k**

'kCn ls izkjaHk dh tkuk pkfg,A

vf/kxe izfrQy &vf/kxe izfrQy &vf/kxe izfrQy &vf/kxe izfrQy &

blh in ls okLrfod f'k{k.k izkjaHk gksxkA blds iwoZ ds lHkh in f'k{k.k dh fn'kk fu/kkZfjr

djus vkSj iwoZ rS;kjh ds gSA bl lksiku ds vUrxZr vkids }kjk fu/kkZfjr dh xbZ visf{kr n{krkvksa esa

ls ,d n{krk yh tkrh gS rFkk mlh ds vuq:i lh[kus dh izfØ;k r; dh tkrh gSA

24

vf/kxe fØ;kdyki &vf/kxe fØ;kdyki &vf/kxe fØ;kdyki &vf/kxe fØ;kdyki &

f'k{k.k dk ;g egRoiw.kZ lksiku gSA blds vUrxZr f'k{kd ds funsZ'ku esa Nk= fofHkUu

fØ;kdyki djrs gS rFkk fu"d"kZ fudkyrs gSA f'k{kd dks visf{kr n{krk ls lacaf/kr vo/kkj.kk dks

Li"V djus ds fy;s Nk=ksa ls ,sls fØ;kdyki djk, tkus pkfg, ftlls Nk= izdj.k dh vo/kkj.kk

dks vPNh rjg ls le> ldsA blds fy;s f'k{kd Nk=ksa ls dksbZ iz;ksx djk ldrk gSA Nk=ksa dh

lgk;rk ls Lo;a dks iz;ksx dk izn'kZu dj ldrk gSA Nk=ksa dks viuh d{kk ls ckgj ys tkdj rF;ksa

dks le>us esa enn dj ldrk gSA f'k{kd ifjppkZ ;k vkadM+ksa ds ladyu ds fy;s Nk=ksa dks eqDr Hkh

NksM+ ldrk gSA Nk= izR;; dks le> lds blds fy;s n`';&JO; lkexzh dk iz;ksx Hkh fd;k tk

ldrk gSA vf/kxe fØ;kdyki ds vUrxZr fo|ky;hu iqLrdky; dk mi;ksx Hkh f'k{kd ds ekxZn'kZu

esa Nk= dj ldrs gSA rkRi;Z ;g gS fd Nk= lfØ; jgdj lh[ks vkSj f'k{kd ekxZn'kZd dh rjg

Nk=ksa dks lh[kus esa lgk;rk djsaA

vf/kxe lkexzh &vf/kxe lkexzh &vf/kxe lkexzh &vf/kxe lkexzh &

blds vUrxZr pkd] MsLVj] ,oa ';keiV ugha vkrs gS D;ksafd ;g rks vfuok;Z lkexzh gSA

f'k{k.k esa vf/kxe lkexzh dk vR;ar egRoiw.kZ LFkku gS] D;ksafd ;g Nk=ksa dh 'kkjhfjd rFkk ekufld

fØ;kvksa dks mRrsftr djrs gS rFkk f'k{k.k dks jkspd ,oa izHkko'kkyh cukrs gSA 'kSf{kd vuqHkoksa ds

fy; fu/kkZfjr fØ;kvksa vko';d midj.kksa ,oa vU; lkexzh ds mi;qDr p;u ds lkFk gh muds

;FkkLFkku Bhd&Bhd mi;ksx ij gh ikB dh izHkko'khyrk fuHkZj djrh gSA buds fu/kkZj.k esa Nk=ksa ds

Lrj] izdfr vkSj euksoSKkfud vko';drkvksa dk izeq[k :i ls /;ku j[kk tkuk pkfg,A izdj.k ls

lacaf/kr vo/kkj.kk dks le>us ds fy;s Nk= fØ;kdyki djsaxs] blls lacaf/kr lkexzh dk ;gka mYys[k

fd;k tkuk pkfg,A mnkgj.k ds fy;s lkekU;r% fuEu vf/kxe lkexzh dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS &

pkVZ] izR;{k oLrq] fp=] py fp=] LykbM izkstsDVj] Hkze.k vkfnA

';keiV dk;Z &';keiV dk;Z &';keiV dk;Z &';keiV dk;Z &

';keiV ,d mi;ksxh lk/ku gSA bldk mi;ksx vR;ar vko';d gSA izdj.k ls lacaf/kr

fl)kar fcUnq fu"d"kZ vkfn ';keiV dk;Z ds vUrxZr vkrs gSA visf{kr d{kkvksa ls lacaf/kr fo"k; oLrq

';ke iV ij fy[kh tkuh pkfg, rkfd Nk= mls viuh vH;kl iqfLrdk esa vafdr dj ldsA

O;ogkj ifjorZu & O;ogkj ifjorZu & O;ogkj ifjorZu & O;ogkj ifjorZu &

Nk=ksa dh visf{kr {kerkvksa dk varj gh O;ogkj ifjorZu gSA vFkkZr ;fn ikB lekfIr ds

mijkar Nk= esa visf{kr {kerk,a fodflr gks tkrh gS rks ;g miyfC/k O;ogkj ifjorZu ds vUrxZr

vkrh gSA ;g ewY;kadu dh Hkh ekax gSA ;fn O;ogkj ifjorZu vkaf'kd ;k iw.kZr% ugha gksrk gS] rks ;k

25

rks f'k{k.k fØ;k esa dqN deh gS ;k Nk=ksa dks lh[kus esa dqN ck/kk,a gSA vkidks bu nksuksa i{kksa ij

fopkj djuk pkfg,] bl izdkj ls f'k{k.k ds ckjs es vki Lo;a dqN lh[k ldrs gSA

ewY;kadu &ewY;kadu &ewY;kadu &ewY;kadu &

bl lksiku ds vUrxZr NksVs&NksVs iz'uksa ¼y?kq mRrjh;] fjDr LFkku dh iwfrZ½ }kjk Nk= dk

ijh{k.k fd;k tkrk gS] rkfd bldk ewY;kadu fd;k tk lds ikB lekfIr ij mlds O;ogkj esa

fdruk ifjorZu gSA

fufnZ"V dk;Z ¼x`g dk;Z½ &fufnZ"V dk;Z ¼x`g dk;Z½ &fufnZ"V dk;Z ¼x`g dk;Z½ &fufnZ"V dk;Z ¼x`g dk;Z½ &

bl in dk mn~ns'; lh[kh xbZ ckr dks foLrkj nsus vkSj dbZ fofHkUu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa mlds

vuqiz;ksx ls lacaf/kr gSA Nk=ksa dks fufnZ"V dk;Z nsrs le; fofHkUu dfBukbZ Lrj ,oa l`tukRed dk

/;ku j[kk tkuk pkfg,A fufnZ"V dk;Z tks fn;k tk;s bls vxys fnu vo'; ns[kk tk;s rFkk ml ij

ppkZ dh tk,A ckydksa esa foKku fo"k; ds izfr :fp tkx`r djus ds fy;s vfuok;Z gS fd nSfud

thou esa foKku] O;ogkfjd mi;ksx ij vk/kkfjr gksA

foKku f'k{k.k ds fy;s O;ogkfjd lq>ko & foKku f'k{k.k ds fy;s O;ogkfjd lq>ko & foKku f'k{k.k ds fy;s O;ogkfjd lq>ko & foKku f'k{k.k ds fy;s O;ogkfjd lq>ko &

1- cky dsfUnzr mikxe ds fy;s ,sls iz;ksxksa] midj.k rFkk vU; vf/kxe lkexzh dk p;u djuk

pkfg, ftlls ckydksa esa ftKklk cuh jgs rFkk Nk= d{kk esa lfØ; jgsA

2- nSfud thou ls lacaf/kr ?kVukvksa dks foKku fo"k; ls tksM+uk vfuok;Z gSA tgka rd laHko

gks lds vf/kxe lkexzh dk p;u i;kZoj.k ls gh fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

3- dHkh&dHkh Nk=ksa dks ';keiV ij iz'u gy djus dks Hkh dgk tk,A blls mudk

vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA

4- dHkh&dHkh Nk=ksa dks viuh ftKklk 'kkar djus dk iwjk&iwjk ekSdk fn;k tk;sA

5- fdlh u fdlh :i esa Nk=ksa dh iz'kalk vo'; djuk pkfg,] blls buesa vf/kd :fp ls

fo"k; dks lh[kus dh ftKklk cuh jgrh gSA

6- d{kk esa detksj Nk=ksa ds fy;s mudh vksj fo'ks"k /;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg,A

7- iz;ksx ds le; f'k{kd dks Nk=ksa ds lkFk gh jguk pkfg, vkSjviuk ekxZn'kZu cPpksa dks nsrs

jguk pkfg,A iz;ksx ds le; f'k{kd dh vuqifLFkfr nq?kZVuk dk dkj.k cu ldrh gSA

8- ewY;kadu ds iz'uksa ls Nk=ksa dh miyfC/k ds ekiu dj vius f'k{k.k ls rn~uqlkj lq/kkj fd;k

tkuk pkfg,A

26

ikB & ;kstukikB & ;kstukikB & ;kstukikB & ;kstuk

d{kk %

fo"k; % foKku

dky [k.M %

izdj.k % ikuh ,d peRdkjh nzo

visf{kr n{krk,a %&

1- ckyd tkusaxs fd tc Bksl inkFkZ ikuh esa ?kqy tkrs gS rks ?kksy cu tkrk gSA

2- ckyd tkusxs fd dqN Bksl inkFkZ ikuh esa ugha ?kqyrs gSA

3- ckyd ;g Hkh tkusxs fd josnkj Bksl inkFkZ ikuh esa 'kh?kz ugha ?kqyrsA

f}rh; pj.k f}rh; pj.k f}rh; pj.k f}rh; pj.k

ØØØØ---- fof/kfof/kfof/kfof/k f'k{kd fØ;kf'k{kd fØ;kf'k{kd fØ;kf'k{kd fØ;k Nk= fØ;kNk= fØ;kNk= fØ;kNk= fØ;k ';keiV dk;Z ';keiV dk;Z ';keiV dk;Z ';keiV dk;Z

¼fØ;k½¼fØ;k½¼fØ;k½¼fØ;k½

1 ;g tkuuk fd dqN

Bksl inkFkZ ikuh esa ?kqy

tkrs gS] rFkk dqN Bksl

inkFkZ ikuh esa ugha

?kqyrsA

f'k{kd ckydksa ls lkewfgd :i ls

iz'u dj nzoksa ds izdkj iwNsaxsA ¼iwoZ

Kku ls lacaf/kr iz'u½ fQj ikuh ds

mi;ksxksa ds ckjs esa Nk=ksa ds lEeq[k

;g rF; vkosxk fd ikuh ,d

egRoiw.kZ nzo gSA vc f'k{kd Nk=ksa ls

dgsaxs fd ikuh ds mi;ksx dk ,d

,slk iz;ksx djsaA vc Nk=ksa dks 6

lewgksa esa ckaVdj mudk ukedj.k

lewg ds gh ,d ckyd ds uke ij

djsaxs fQj izR;sd lewg dks

ckjh&ckjh ls cqykdj muls dgk

tk;sxk fd ,d&,d ij[kuyh

lewgokj ysdj mls ikuh esa vk/kh

Hkfj;sA f'k{kd iwoZ ls gh vf/kxe

lkexzh esa n'kkZ;s x;s Bksl inkFkksZa dh

NksVh&NksVh iqfM+;k cuk ysxk] ftlds

27

vanj Bksl dk uke vafdr gSA fQj

lewg ckj Nk= Lo;a ,d&,d iqfM+;k

NkaV ysaxs vkSj f'k{kd ds funsZ'kkuqlkj

Bksl inkFkksZa dks ikuh ls Hkjh

ij[kuyh esa Mkydj mls fgykdj

?kksysaxsA dqN Nk=ksa dks viuk Bksl

inkFkZ ?kksyus dks dgsaxs] fdUrq mudk

Bksl inkFkZ ugha ?kqysxkA ftl lewg

dk Bksl inkFkZ ?kqy tk;sxk] mlls

f'k{kd iz'u djsaxs fd vkidk Bksl

inkFkZ dgka x;k rks ckyd dgsaxs

^^ikuh esa fey x;k ;k xk;c gks

x;k** ftlls f'k{kd ?kksy dh

ladYiuk djsaxsA vc f'k{kd ckydksa

ls dgsaxs fd os vius&vius fu"d"kZ

';keiV ij cuh lkj.kh esa vafdr

djsaA

2 ;g tkuuk fd ;fn

inkFkZ jos :i esa gks rks

'kh?kz ugha ?kqyrkA

vPNk cPpksa vc ,d nwljk iz;ksx

djsaA

f'k{kd Åij of.kZr iz;ksx dh rjg

N% lewgksa esa vf/kxe lkexzh okys

dkWye esa vafdr inkFkksZa dh N%

iqfM+;k rFkk ikuh ls Hkjh N% ij[k

uyh lewgksa esa forfjr djsaxs rFkk

Bksl dks mijksDr lewgksa esa Åij

crk, vuqlkj ?kksyus dks dgsaxsA tSls

gh f'k{kd ;g ns[ksaxs fd filk gqvk

inkFkZ ?kqy jgk gS Nk=ksa dks inkFkZ

?kksyus ls jksd nsaxsA iqu% mu Nk=ksa

ls inkFkZ ?kksyus dks dgasxsA ftuds

inkFkZ ?kksyus dks dgasxsA ftuds

28

inkFkZ ?kqy ugha gSA ;g izfØ;k rc

rd pysxh] tc rd fd Bksl inkFkZ

?kqy ugha tk;sxkA f'k{kd Nk=ksa ls

vius&vius fu"d"kZ ';keiV ij cuh

lkj.kh esa vafdr djus dks dgsaxsA

iz;ksx fooj.k

ØØØØ---- lewg dk lewg dk lewg dk lewg dk ukeukeukeuke

inkFkZ dk ukeinkFkZ dk ukeinkFkZ dk ukeinkFkZ dk uke ?kqy x;k@ugha ?kqyk?kqy x;k@ugha ?kqyk?kqy x;k@ugha ?kqyk?kqy x;k@ugha ?kqyk

ikuh esa feykus ijikuh esa feykus ijikuh esa feykus ijikuh esa feykus ij inkFkZ ikinkFkZ ikinkFkZ ikinkFkZ ikuh esa gSuh esa gSuh esa gSuh esa gS ?kqyu'khy@v?kqyu'khy?kqyu'khy@v?kqyu'khy?kqyu'khy@v?kqyu'khy?kqyu'khy@v?kqyu'khy

1 jke fialh 'kDdj ?kqy x;k ?kqyu'khy

2 jghe dks;yk ugha ?kqyk v?kqyu'khy

3 ';ke jsr ugha ?kqyk v?kqyu'khy

4 tkWu filk ued ?kqy x;k ?kqyu'khy

5 euthr laxejej ugha ?kqyk v?kqyu'khy

6 y{eh iksVsf'k;e ijeSxusV ?kqy x;k ?kqyu'khy

tc inkFkZ ikuh esa xk;c gks tkrk gS rc bls Bksl inkFkZ dk ikuh esa ?kksy dgrs gSA

lkj.kh iz;ksx&2lkj.kh iz;ksx&2lkj.kh iz;ksx&2lkj.kh iz;ksx&2

ØØØØ---- lewg dk lewg dk lewg dk lewg dk ukeukeukeuke

inkFkZ dk ukeinkFkZ dk ukeinkFkZ dk ukeinkFkZ dk uke

nsj ls ?kqyk@ 'kh?kz nsj ls ?kqyk@ 'kh?kz nsj ls ?kqyk@ 'kh?kz nsj ls ?kqyk@ 'kh?kz ?kqyk?kqyk?kqyk?kqyk

fu"d"kZfu"d"kZfu"d"kZfu"d"kZ

1 jke fialh 'kDdj 'kh?kz ?kqyk

2 jghe ued ds jos nsj ls ?kqyk

3 ';ke filk ued 'kh?kz ?kqyk

4 tkWu 'kDdj ds jos nsj ls ?kqyk

5 euthr filh fQVdjh 'kh?kz ?kqyk

6 y{eh fQVdjh ds jos nsj ls ?kqyk

;fn inkFkZ jos :i esa gks

rks og ikuh esa dqN nsj ls

?kqyrk gSA

r`rh; pj.k r`rh; pj.k r`rh; pj.k r`rh; pj.k

1- Nk= esa ;kaf=d {kerk] l`tukRed {kerk ,oa iz;ksx djus ds dkS'ky dk izknqHkkZo gqvk gSA

2- Nk= ?kksy] ?kqyu'khy ,oa v?kqyu'khy inkFkksZa dks tku x;s gSA

3- Nk= tku x;s gS fd josnkj Bksl ikuh esa 'kh?kz ugha ?kqyrs gSA

29

iz'u 1- ?kksy fdl izdkj curk gS\

iz'u 2- dks;yk ikuh esa ugha ?kqyrk] vr% ;g inkFkZ ikuh esa------------------------gSA

¼?kqyu'khy@v?kqyu'khy½

iz'u 3- 'kDdj ikuh esa ?kqy tkrh gS vr% ;g inkFkZ ikuh esa ----------------------gSA

¼?kqyu'khy@v?kqyu'khy½

iz'u 4- dkSu lk Bksl inkFkZ ikuh esa v?kqyu'khy gS&

¼v½ 'kDdj ¼c½ ydM+h dk cqjknk ¼l½ fQVdjh

fufnZfufnZfufnZfufnZ"V dk;Z%&"V dk;Z%&"V dk;Z%&"V dk;Z%&

1- dkap ds nks fxykl ysdj ,d esa BaMk ikuh rFkk nwljs esa xeZ ikuh cjkcj ek=k esa Mkyksa

muesa cjkcj ek=k esa filk ued feykvksA ns[kksa fd fdl fxykl esa ued tYnh ?kqykA

2- nks dkap ds fxykl esa cjkcj ek=k esa ikuh rFkk 'kDdj ysdj ,d fxykl ds ikuh dk

pEep ls fgykvks rFkk nwljs dks er fgykvksaA ns[kks fd fdl fxykl esa 'kDdj 'kh?kz ?kqyrh

gSA

30

ikB ;kstuk ikB ;kstuk ikB ;kstuk ikB ;kstuk

lkekftd foKkulkekftd foKkulkekftd foKkulkekftd foKku

vo/kkj.k f'k{k.k i)fr ,oa lgk;d lkexzhvo/kkj.k f'k{k.k i)fr ,oa lgk;d lkexzhvo/kkj.k f'k{k.k i)fr ,oa lgk;d lkexzhvo/kkj.k f'k{k.k i)fr ,oa lgk;d lkexzh

euq"; ,d ,slk izk.kh gS ftlesa ifjos'k ds lkFk vius vki dks<kyus o mls vius vuqdwy

cuk ysus dh {kerk gSA bfrgkl bl ckr dk lk{kh gS fd fujh{k.k vuqdj.k dYiuk'khyrk o

l`tukRed {kerkvksa ds lgkjs vius ifjos'k dks vf/kd vuqdwy cuk;k gSA okrkoj.k lkSj ÅtkZ ty

fo|qr vkfn bud dqy mnkgj.k gSA

izkFkfed ,oa iwoZ ek/;fed Lrj ij lkekftd foKku f'k{k.k dk mn~ns'; ckydksa dks muds

uSfrd lkekftd ,oa LkkaLd`frd ifjos'k ls ifjfpr djkuk gSA

lkekftd foKku] bfrgkl] Hkwxksy] ukxfjd 'kkL= o vFkZ'kkL= dk lfEeJ.k ek= ugha gSA

oLrqr% ;g ,sfrgkfld HkkSxksfyd] jktuSfrd] vkfFkZd] lkekftd o lkaLd`frd laca/kksa o var% laca/kks

dk v/;;u gSA blds v/;kiu ls ekuo dks dsUnz ekudj fo"k; oLrq dh tkudkjh nsuk lcls

egRoiw.kZ ckr gSA mnkgj.k ds fy;s unh dk ikB i<+krs le; unh ds mn~xe mldh yackbZ mlls

feyus okyh lgk;d ufn;ka o og fdl leqnz esa fxjrh gS] ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nsuk i;kZIr ugha

gksxkA ;g tkudkjh ds lkFk ekuo ds fodkl esa unh ds ;ksxnku tSls& mitkÅ eSnku dk fuekZ.k]

flapkbZ ty fo|qr o ukSdk pkyu ds fy;s mudh mi;ksfxrk mldk /kkfeZd o lkaLd`frd egRo

mlds fduk cls /kkfeZd ,sfrgkfld o vkS|ksfxd uxj vkfn ckrksa dk o.kZu djuk vf/kd vko';d o

egRoiw.kZ gSA

lkekftd foKku fo"k; ds v/;kiu }kjk ckyd ds eu esa lkekftd laosnuk lkekftd U;k;

jk"Vªh; ,drk lfg".kqrk /keZ fujis{k o iztkra= ds izfr vkLFkk ds Hkko tkxzr djus d iz;kl fd;s

tkus pkfg, vkSj bl gsrq fo|ky; vkSj LFkkuh; lekt dks lkekftd iz;ksx'kkyk le>dj lkekftd

foKku dks lkFkZd :i ls i<+k;k tkuk pkfg,A

fo"k; dh f'k{k.k fof/k ds :i esa voyksdu [kkst fo'ys"k.k o Lok/;k; fof/k ij tksj fn;k

tkuk pkfg,A blls ckyd esa rdZ 'kfDr dk fodkl gksdj fo'ys"k.kkRed ,oa la'ys"k.kkRed n`f"V dk

fodkl gksxkA

lkekftd foKku ds f'k{k.k esa lgk;d lkexzh dk fo'ks"k egRo gSA v/;kiu dks :fpiw.kZ

vkSj izHkkoh cukus ds fy;s ekufp=] ekWMYl vkfn dk mi;ksx vko';d gSA buds vHkko esa f'k{kd

';keiV ij js[kkadu }kjk fp= cukdj vius f'k{k.k dk ltho jkspd cuk ldrk gSA

lkekftd foKku dh ikB ;kstuk cukrs le; buds lkekU; fof'k"V mn~ns'; dk /;ku

j[kuk vko';d gSA vr% mldk lekos'k cM+h dq'kyrk ls gksuk pkfg,A

31

lkekftd foKku f'k{k.k ds mn~ns'; %&lkekftd foKku f'k{k.k ds mn~ns'; %&lkekftd foKku f'k{k.k ds mn~ns'; %&lkekftd foKku f'k{k.k ds mn~ns'; %&

1- lkekftd foKku f'k{k.k dk egRoiw.kZ mn~ns'; ckydksa dks viuh HkkSxksfyd] ,sfrgkfld

lkekftd vkfFkZd rFkk lkaLd`frd ifjos'k d vrhr vkSj orZeku dk Kku djkuk gSA

2- izHkkodkjh f'k{k.k }kjk ckydksa dks lkekftd] vkfFkZd rFkk jktuSfrd laLFkkvksa ds ek/;e ls

tuthou dh xfrfof/k;ksa ls ifjfpr djkukA

3- euq"; ds lkekftd laca/kksa o lkekftd ewY;ksa ds izfr ckydksa esa LoLFk n`f"Vkdks.k fodflr

djukA

4- ckydks dks Hkkjr dh laLd`fr ls ifjfpr djkdj lekt esa O;kIr vokafNr nf"Vdks.k

va/kfo'oklksa rFkk gkfudkjd :f<+;ks dks R;kxus dh eukso`fRr mRiUu djukA

5- /keZ&fujis{k ekuorkokn lektoknh lekt dh jpuk rkfd iztkrkaf=d ewY;ksa o vkn'kksZa dks

viukus dh o`fRr tkxr djukA

6- vrhr dh ?kVukvksa ls ifjizs{; esa ckyd orZeku ifjfLFkfr;ksa o leL;kvksa dks le> lds

,slh n`f"V fodflr djukA

7- iztkrkaf=d iz.kkyh dh lQyrk ds fy;s muesa vPNs ukxfjd ds xq.kksa dk fodkl djukA

8- iwoZxzLrrk ls ijs j[kdj 'kkafriw.kZ <ax ls leL;kvksa dks lqy>kus dh vfHko`fRr fodflr

djukA

9- lkekftd fodkl ds dk;ksZa esa feytqydj lfØ; ;ksxnku nsus ds volj iznku djukA

10- ckydksa esa vius i;kZoj.k dks le>us dh ;ksX;rk fodflr djukA

11- euq"; thou ij iM+us okys HkkSxksfyd o i;kZo.khZ; izHkko dh tkudkjh nsukA

12- izdfr esa fuR; izfr gksus okyh ?kVukvksa dks tkuus o muds izfr oSKkfud nf"Vdks.k viukus

dh :fp mRiUu djukA

13- ckydksa esa dYiuk ,oa rkfdZd 'kfDr dk fodkl djukA

14- fo'o ca/kqRo dh Hkkouk fodflr djukA

lkekftd foKku ikB ;kslkekftd foKku ikB ;kslkekftd foKku ikB ;kslkekftd foKku ikB ;kstuk] izk:i o funsZ'k &tuk] izk:i o funsZ'k &tuk] izk:i o funsZ'k &tuk] izk:i o funsZ'k &

visf{kr n{krk,a %&visf{kr n{krk,a %&visf{kr n{krk,a %&visf{kr n{krk,a %&

mijksDr funsZ'kkuqlkj o oxhZdj.kkuqlkj lkekU; mn~ns';ksa dks KkukRed] dkS'kykRed o

vfHk:fp;kRed i{kksa esa ckaVk tkosA lkekU; mn~ns'; fo"k; ls lacaf/kr gksA

bUgsa Hkh lkekU; mn~ns'; dh rjg fofHkUu Jsf.k;ksa esa ¼Kku dkS'ky o vfHk:fp½ ckaVk tk

ldrk gSA

32

{kerk,%&{kerk,%&{kerk,%&{kerk,%&

bl pj.k esa Nk=ksa dh izLrqr izdj.k ls lacf/kr gksus okyh iw.kZ tkudkfj;ka] fØ;kdykiksa]

dkS'kyksa rFkk :fp;ksa vkfn dks Øe'k% ys[kkc) fd;k tkrk gSA fof'k"V mn~ns';ksa dh izkfIr gsrq muls

izLrkouk ds vUrxZr iz'u iwNs Hkh tk lds o mUgsa mRiszfjr fd;k tk ldsA

vf/kxe lkexzh ¼lh[kus gsrq lkexzh ;k vf/kxe lkexzh½ %&vf/kxe lkexzh ¼lh[kus gsrq lkexzh ;k vf/kxe lkexzh½ %&vf/kxe lkexzh ¼lh[kus gsrq lkexzh ;k vf/kxe lkexzh½ %&vf/kxe lkexzh ¼lh[kus gsrq lkexzh ;k vf/kxe lkexzh½ %&

O;wg jpuk %&O;wg jpuk %&O;wg jpuk %&O;wg jpuk %&

izLrkoukRed iz'uksa dk mn~ns'; ckydksa ds iwoZ Kku dks ckydksa dh psruk esa ykdj iwoZ ds

Kku ,oa uohu Kku ds e/;LFk laca/k LFkkfir djuk gSA bl izdkj ds iz'uksa ds }kjk uohu Kku

ckyd ds fy;s ljy gks tkrk gSA uohu Kku dh izkfIr gsrq ckydksa esaa mRlqdrk tkxr gksrh gSA bl

izdkj ds iz'u orZeku izdj.k esa lacaf/kr ckyd ds iwoZ Kku ls laca) gksuk pkfg,A blds vfrfjDr

;g Hkh mi;qDr ppkZ] fØ;kdykiksa] mnkgj.k ekWMy pkVZ] uD'kk vkfn ds ek/;e ls Hkh fd;k tk

ldrk gSA izLrko ;k vfHkizsj.k ds iz'u LokHkkfod Øeokj o uohu fo"k;oLrq dks tkus gsrq ftKklk

txkus okys gksus pkfg,A

f}rh; pj.k f}rh; pj.k f}rh; pj.k f}rh; pj.k

v/;;u fcUnqv/;;u fcUnqv/;;u fcUnqv/;;u fcUnq v/;kid fØ;kv/;kid fØ;kv/;kid fØ;kv/;kid fØ;k Nk= fØ;kNk= fØ;kNk= fØ;kNk= fØ;k ';keiV dk;Z';keiV dk;Z';keiV dk;Z';keiV dk;Z

'kh"kZd mi 'kh"kZd esa

foHkkftr gksA

fof'k"V mn~ns';ksa dh

izkfIr dks /;ku esa j[krs

gq, f'k{kd }kjk fd;s

tkus okys leLr

fØ;kdyki iz'u o

fo"k; oLrq dk mYys[k

bl [k.M ls djsaA

Nk=ksa }kjk nh tkus

okyh leLr

xfrfof/k;ka] mRrj vkfn

dks Øeokj bl [kaM ds

varxZr fy[ksaA

1½ fo"k; oLrq dks Li"V

djus okys fp= js[kk

fp= vkfnA

2½ eq[; rFkk mi fcUnq

Øeokj fy[ksaA

r`rh; pj.k %& r`rh; pj.k %& r`rh; pj.k %& r`rh; pj.k %&

izLrqr fo"k;oLrq esa ;fn dksbZ D;ksa\ ls lacaf/kr iz'u gks rks mudk cks/k Nk=ksa dks Li"Vr;k

gqvk gS ;k ugha bl gsrq cks/kkRed iz'u iwNs tk ldrs gSA tSls Hkkjr o vesfjdk esa fnu jkr dk

varj D;ksa gS\

bl lksiku ds vUrxZr izLrqrhdj.k esa ifBr leLr fo"k;OkLrq ds vf/kxe dh tkap gsrq os

visf{kr izfrQy fdl lhek rd izkIr gks lds] bldh tkap iz'uksa o fØ;kdykiksa }kjk dh tkrh gSA

33

Nk=ksa ls izkIr mRrjksa dks ';keiV ij lkjka'k ds :i esa fy[kdj Nk=ksa dks uksVcqd esa mrkjus gsrq

funsZf'kr fd;k tkrk gSA bl lksiku esa fuEu fcUnqvksa dk /;ku j[kuk vko';d gSA

1- Pin Pointed ¼uqdyh iz'u½ ds ek/;eksa ls laf{kIr ,oa fcUnqokj :i esa Hkh laiw.kZ fo"k; oLrq

dh iqukofRr gks tkuk pkfg,A

2- izR;sd iz'u fo"k; oLrq ds fcUnq ls Øec) o lacaf/kr gksA

3- laiw.kZ fo"k; oLrq dk lkj vko';d gSA

4- ikB ;kstuk cukrs le; iqujkofRr esa igys ';keiV lkjka'k Øec) :i esa fy[ksA rRi'pkr

ml fo"k;oLrq dks Nk=ksa ls fudkyokus gsrq fof/k ;k iz'u fuf'pr fd;s tkos ,oa ikB i<+krs

le; igys iz'u iwNs tkos rRi'pkr Nk=ksa ls izkIr mRrjksa ds vk/kkj ij mijksDr

funsZ'kkuqlkj lkjka'k rS;kj fd;k tkosA

fufnZ"V dk;Z %&fufnZ"V dk;Z %&fufnZ"V dk;Z %&fufnZ"V dk;Z %&

izkIr Kku ds n`<+hdj.k gsrq bl lksiku dk fo'ks"k egRo gSA bl lkSiku esa fuEu ckrksa dk

/;ku j[kk tkos%&

1- cgqr foLr`r u gks] laf{kIr gks rkfd mlh dky[k.M esa 5&7 fefuV esa iw.kZ gks ldsA x`g

dk;Z dqN foLr`r gks ldrk gSA

2- O;ogkfjd gksA

3- Lok/;k; gsrq izsfjr djsaA

4- lkekU;r% fuEu izdkj ds dk;Z djkos tkosaA

1- iz'u& oLrqfu"B iz'u y?kq mRrjh; iz'uA

2- ekufp= dk;ZA

3- fjDr LFkku iwfrZA

4- f'k{kd }kjk xgdk;Z ;k d{kk dk;Z jksy vi cksMZ ij ?kj ls fy[kdj ys tkos rkfd

le; dh cpr gksA

5- d{kk dk;Z ds leLr f'k{kd ?kwe&?kwedj Nk=ksa ds dk;Z dk voyksdu o =qfV la'kks/ku

djrk pyk tkosA

uksV%& uksV%& uksV%& uksV%& /;ku j[ks mijksDr izk:i esa 1 ls 4 rd ds lksiku rd ikB ;kstuk fuekZ.k esa mYys[k dj

ikB i<+krs le; mi;ksx o mn~ns'; dks izkIr djuk gS] fdUrq ikB i<+krs le; mijksDr mn~ns';ksa dks

izkIr djus gsrq vfHkizsj.k ¼izLrkouk½ ls ikB izkjaHk djuk gSA

34

vkn’kZ ikB ;kstuk

f nuk ad & d { k k & Mh -,M- ¼f }rh ; o"k Z ½ fo"k ; & bfrg k l dk yk a’k & iz dj.k & v ’k k sd ¼ek S ;Z lek t ½ v of /k & 4 5 f e uV lkekU; mn~ns’; %&

1 - bfrg k l fo "k ; ds iz fr ok Lrfod : f p tk x ` r djuk A 2 - ,sfrg k fld ?k Vuk v k sa] rF ;k sa] fopk jk sa] O;f D r;k sa rF k k lk e x z h dk Kk u djk uk A 3 - Nk = k sa esa , sfrg k fld rF ;k sa dh rq yuk dj us dh ;k sX;rk rF k k { k erk fod flr

djuk A 4 - Nk = k sa esa ek W My] pk VZ ] le ; js [k k ?k Vuk j s[k k v k f n cuk us ds dk S ’k y fod flr

djuk A 5 - v rh r d s v k /k k j ij o rZ ek u dk s tk u u s dh { k e rk dk fodk l dj uk A 6 - jk "Vª h ;rk rF k k v U rjk Z " Vª h ;rk ds iz fr L o: i n` f " Vdk s.k dk fodk l dj u k A 7 - v k yk spuk R e d f par u fo d flr d juk A

fof’k"V mn~ns’; %&

1 - lez k V v ’k k sd d s th o u ls l acaf /k r ?k Vuk v k sa ds ck j sa e sa crk lds ax sA 2 - Nk = ] v ’k k sd ds lk ez k T ; foL rk j ds { k s= k sa dk s L i"V d j ld sax sA 3 - Nk = v ’k k sd ds v f H k ys[ k k s dh tk udk jh ns ldaa s x sA 4 - Nk = ] v ’k k sd ds e g k u 'k k ld D;k sa d g k tk rk g S ] crk bZ ;saA

lgk;d lkexzh & l ez k V v ’k k sd dk f p= ] e k uf p= ¼v ’k k sd ds le ; dk ½ iw.kZKku %& Nk = ] ek S ;Z lk x z k T; ds ck j s e sa f i Nyh d { k k v k sa esa i <+ pq ds g S A izLrkouk %&

f 'k { k .k f canq v /;k id f Ø ;k Nk = f Ø ;k ';k e iV~ V dk ;Z

mRrkf/kdkj ;q) rFkk jkT;kfHk"ksd

v 'k k sd panz x q I r ek S ;Z dk ik S = rF k k f canq lk j dk iq = F k k A tS u v uq J q fr d s v uq lk j v ’k k sd us f canq lk j dh bPNk ds fo: ) e x /k ds 'k k lu ij v f /k dk j dj f y;k F k k A flag yh v uq J q fr ds

Nk = /;k u i woZ d lq usax sA

v 'k k sd panx q I r ek S ;Z dk ik S = rF k k f canq lk j dk iq = F k k A

35

v'kksd dk lkezkT; foLrkj

v uq lk j v ’k k sd us v i us 9 9 H kk b;k sa dh g R ;k djds flag k l u iz k I r f d ;k A lR rk iz k f I r ds f y , x ` g ;q ) esa v iu s H k k b;k sa dk o/k dj ds g h v ’k k sd lk ez k T; ij v f /k dk j dj ldk A ;g x ` g ;q ) pk j o"k Z rd pyrk jg k ] blh f y, v ’k k sd dk ok Lrfod jk T;k f H k "k sd 2 6 9 bZ -i w- esa g q v k g k yk af d mlu s 2 7 3 bZ -iw- g h lR rk ij d C tk dj f y;k F k k A cks/k iz’u %& iz’u& v ’k ksd u s f d ru s H k k b;k sa dh

g R ;k djds flag k lu iz k I r f d ;k F k k \

iz’u& m R rjk f /k dk j ;q ) f drus o "k Z pyk \

iz’u& v ’k k sd dk ok Lrfod jk T;k f H k "k sd d c g q v k \

v/;kid dFku %& ¼ek uf p= iz nf ’k Z r dj rs g q ,½ jk T;k f H k "k sd ds lk r o "k Z ck n v ’k k sd u s d ’eh j rF k k [k k srk u ds v usd { k s= k sa dk s v ius lk ez k T; esa f e yk ; k A mlds le ; esa iz k ph u H k k jr d s lok Z f /k d fo’k k y ek S ;Z lk ez k T; esa rf e y iz ns ’k d s v frfjDr lewpk H k k jr v k S j v Qx k f Uk Lrk u dk dkQh cM+k H k k x 'k k f e y F k k A 2 6 1 bZ -iw- e sa v ’k k sd us d f y ax i j v k Ø e .k f d ;k ] f tlessa 1 yk [k yk sx ek js x ;s v k S j ,d yk [k ipk l g tk j yk sx canh c uk ;s x ;s A bl O;k id uj lag k j us v ’k k sd d k s fopf yr d j f n;k ] Qy r% m lu s ' k L= R ;k x dh

mRrj& 9 9 H k k bZ ;k s dh mRrj& pk j o"k Z mRrj& 2 6 9 bZ -iw - Nk = /;k uiw oZ d lq us ax s , oa f y[k ssax sA mRrj& d ’eh j , oa [k k srk u

1 - 2 6 1 bZ -iw- e sa v ’k k sd us d f yax fot ; dh F k h A 2 - d f yax dh jk t /k k uh /k k S yh ;k rk sal yh c uk ;h x ;h A

36

v'kksd dh /kEe v'kksd dh /kEe ;k=k

?k k s"k .k k dj nh A e x / k lk ez k T; ds v arx Z r d f yax dh jk t /k k uh /k k S yh ;k rk S lk yh cuk ;h x ;h A v ’k k sd us ck S ) /k eZ Loh dk j d j f y;k A cks/k iz’u%& iz’u& v ’k k sd us jk T;k f H k "k sd ds lk ro sa

o"k Z f d u { k s= k sa dk s v iu s lk ez k t ; esa f e yk ;k \

iz’u& v ’k k sd us d f yax ij d c v k Ø e .k f d ;k \

iz’u& d f yax ;q ) ds ck n v ’k k sd f dl /k eZ dk v uq ; k ;h cu x ;k \

v/;kid dFku& ck S ) /k eZ ds erk uq ;k ;h g k sus ds ig y s v ’k k sd cz k âe .k erk uq ;k ;h F k k A v ’k ksd us e uq " ; dh uS frd m Uufr g s rq f t u v k n’k k sZ dk iz frik nu f d ;k ] m Ug sa /k E e d g k x ;k A v ’k k sd ds /k eZ dh ifjH k k "kk nwl js rF k k lk rosa LrE H k ys[k esa nh x ;h g S A ik id eZ ls f uo` f R r] fo’od Y;k .k ] n;k nk u ] lR ; ,o a d eZ ;q f ) g h /kE e gS A lk /k q & LoH k k o] d Y;k .k dk jh dk ;Z djuk ] ik ijf g r g k suk ] n;k nk u] O ;og k j e sa e` nq rk ] 'k q f prk ] iz k f .k ;k sa dk o/k u dj u k ] ek rk & f irk o v U; cM+k s dh v k Kk ek uuk ] x q : t uk sa dss iz fr v k nj] f e= k sa] ifjf prk sa] la caf /k ;k sa cz k g e .k ksa J e .k k sa d s iz fr nk u ’k h yrk o m f pr O;og k j v ’k k sd }k jk iz frik f n r /k E e ik yu dh v k o ’;d 'k rZ g S A ;g foKf I r tk jh dh x ;h f d f dlh H k h ;K ds f y, i'k q v k sa dk o/k u f d ;k tk ,sA

m R rj& 2 6 1 bZ -iw - e sa m R rj& ck S ) /k eZ dk Nk = /;k u iwoZ d lq u sax sA Nk = /;k u iwoZ d lq u dj f y[k sax sA m R rj& nw lj s , oa lk r osa A m R rj& f dlh H k h ;K ds f y, i'k q v k sa dk o/k u f d ;k tk ,A m R rj& ik id eZ ls f uo` f R r fo’ o d Y ;. k ] n;k nk u] lR ; ,oa d eZ 'k q f ) g h /k E e g S A

v 'k k sd us e uq "; dh uS frd m U ufr g sr q f t u v k n’k k sZ dk iz frik n u f d ;k m Ug sa /k E e d g k x ;k A

37

v'kksd ds vfHkys[k 1- f’kyk ys[k 2- y?kq f’kyk ys[k

cks/k iz’u %& iz’u& v ’k k sd us /k eZ dh ifjH k k "kk

f dl L rE H k ys [k esa s nh g S \ iz’u& v ’k ksd us foKf I r es a D;k tk jh

f d ;k \ iz’u& v ’k k sd ds /k E e D;k g S \ v/;kid dFku& v ’k k sd ls iwo Z fog k j ;k = k ;sa dh tkrh F k h ] f tlesa jk tk e uk asjt uk F k Z i'k q v k sa dk f ’k dk j djr s F k sA v ’k k sd u s b lds LF k k u ij /k E e ;= k dk iz k o/k u f d ;k ] f tlesa ck S ) LF k k uk sa dh ;k = k rF k k cz k ge .k sa] J e .k k s o o` )ks dk s Lo.k Z nk u f n;k tk rk F k k A iz’u& v ’k k sd us fog k j ;k = k v k sa dh

t x g dk S u lh ;k = k ;sa ' k q : dh \ iz’u& /k E e ;k =k esa L o.k Z nk u f dldk s

f n;k tk rk F k k \ v/;kid dFku& v ’ k k sd ,slk iz F k e 'k k ld F k k ] f tlus v f H k ys[k k sa ds ek /;e ls iz tk dk s lE ck sf /k r f d ;k A v ’k ksd d s v f H k ys[k v f /k dka’k r% cz k âk h f yf i esa f y[k s x ;s g S A ysf d u dq N v f H k ys[k k sa e s a [k jk s" Bh f yf i o v k je sb d f yf i dk H k h iz ;k sx f d ;k x ;k g S A loZ iz F k e 1 8 3 7 bZ - esa tsE l f iz ls i uk e d fo}k u u s v ’k k s d ds v f H k ys[k k sa dk s i< +u s e sa lQy rk g k fly dh F k h A v ’k k sd ds v f H k ys[k k sa d k s pk j H k k x k sa e sa foH k k f tr f d ;k x ;k g S A f ’k yk & ys[k 1 4 fof H k Uu ys[k k sa dk ,d lewg g S tk s v k B f H k Uu& f H k Uu LF k k uk sa ls iz k I r f d ; s x ;s g S A 'k k g t gk a x <h ] ek ulsg jk ] dk ylh ] f x lk j] /k k S yh ] tk S x <] ,jZ dq f M]

m R rj& /k E e ;k = k A m R rj& cz k âe .k k sa] J e .k k sa o o` )k s dk sA Nk = /;k u iwoZ d lq u sax sA m R rj& t sE l f iz l sai m R rj& cz k àeh f yf i m R rj& pk S ng m R rj& f ’k yk ys [ k ] y?k q f ’k yk ys[k L raH k ys [ k ] x q g k ys[k A

v 'k k sd ds v f /k dk a’k r% v f H k ys[k cz k âkh f yf i esa f y[k s x ; s g S A v 'k k sd ds v f /k H k ys[k k sa dk foH kk t u f uE uf yf [k r ox k sZ e sa f d ;k tk ld tk g S %& 1 - f ’k yk ys [k 2 - y?k q f ’k yk ys [k 3 - L rE H k ys [k 4 - y?k q LR k aH k ys[k

38

3- LrEHk ys[k 4- y?kq LraHk ys[k v'kksd dks egku 'kkld D;ksa dgk tkrk gSA

lk sijk ] LF k k uk saa l s f e y s g S A y?k q f ’k yk ys[k pk S ng f ’k yk ys [k k sa d s eq [; ox Z esa lf E e f yr ug h g S v ksj bl dk j.k m Ug sa] y|q f ’k yk ys[k d g k x ;k g S A ;s : iuk F k ] x q tjk Z ] lk lk jk e ] H k z cw] ek Ldh ] cz k âk fx jh ] fla)i wj] t f V ax jk es’o j] , jZ uq f n x k sfoUner] ik yf d x q .Mq ] jk tq yeaM f x jh v g jk S jk v k f n LF k k uk sa ls f e ys g S A iz’u& loZ iz F k e v ’k ksd ds v f H k ys[k k sa

dk s i<+ us e sa f dl us lQy rk iz k I r dh \

iz’u& v ’k k sd ds v f H k ys[k k sa dk s v f /k dk a’k r% f dl f yf i esa f y[k k x ;k g S \

iz’u& v ’k ksd ds f ’k yk ys[k f d ru sg S \ iz’u& v ’k k sd ds v f Hk ys[k k sa dk s pk j

f d u& f d u H k k xk sa esa ck aVk x ;k g S a\

iz’u& v ’k ksd ds f ’k yk ys [k f d u& f d u LF k k uk sa ls iz k I r g q , g S \

v/;kid dFku& L rE H k ys[k k sa dh la[;k lk r g S tk s N% f H k Uu& f H k UUk LF k k uk sa esa ik "k k .k LrE H k k sa ij m R dh .k Z ik ;s x ;s g S aA f n Yyh Vk si jk ] es jB] yk S fj;k ] v jjk t ] yS fj ;k uan u x <] jk ;iq [k k , oa iz ;k x esa fL F k r g S aA v ’k k sd dh jk t dh ; ?k k s"k k .k k ;sa f t u LraH k k s I k j m R dh .k Z g S ] m Ug as lk /k k j.k rk S j ls y?k q LraH k ys[k d g k tk rk gS A ;s lk aph ] lk juk F k ] dk S ’k E ch ] : f E e usnbZ o f uXyh ok LF k k uk sa ls f e ys g S A cks/kiz’u&

m R rj& 'k k g ok t x <h ] ek ulsg jk dk ylh f x lk j] /k k S yh v k f nA Nk = /;k u iwoZ d lq u dj f y[k sax sA m R rj& lk R k A m R rj& f n Yyh ] es j B] yk S fj;k ] v jjk t ] jk e iq [ k k v k f n LF k k uk sa ls iz k I r g q, g S aA m R rj& y?k q LrE H k ys [k Nk = /;k u iwoZ d lq u sax sA

1 - LrE H k ys [k k s dh la[;k lk r g S A 2 - v ’k k sd dh jk t dh ; ?k k s"k k .k k ;sa f t u L raH k k s i j m R dh .k Z g S m Ug sa y?k q LraH k ys[k d g k x ;k g S A v 'k k sd us ,d foKf I r ds ek /;e ls i'k q v k sa dk o/k dj us i j iz frca/k yx k f n;k A

39

iz’u& v ’k ksd ds L raH k ys [k k sa dh la[;k f dr uh g S \

iz’u& v ’k k sd ds LrE H k ys [k f d u& f d u LF k k uk sa ls iz k I r g q , g S \

iz’u& v ’k k sd dh jk t dh ; ?k k s"k .k k ;sa f t u L raH k k s i j m R dh .k Z g S ] m Ug sa D;k d g k x ; g S \

v/;kid dFku& v ’k k sd fo’o bfrg k l esa e g k ure lez k Vk sa esa LF k k u j[k rk g S A og H k k j r dk iz F k e 'k k ld F k k ] f tlus ;q ) fot ; dh uh fr dk s R ;k x dj /k eZ fot ; dh uh fr dk s v iuk ;k A iz F k e 'k k ld F k k ] f tlu s v f H k ys[k k sa ds ek /;e l s v iuh iz tk dk s lack sf /k r f d ;k A v ’k k sd u dsoy ek uo oju lH k h d s iz fr m nk jrk dk n` f "V dk s.k j[k rk F k k A mlu s ; K ds f y, H k h i'k q v k sa dk o /k dju s ij iz frc a/k yx k f n;k A panz x q I r ek S ;Z }k jk H k k jr dk s ,d jk t uh frd lw= esa ck a /k us d s iz ;R u dk s v ’k k sd u s iw.k Z f d ;k A mlus ck S ) /k eZ ds iz pk j& iz lk j d s f y; s v ius iq = & iq = h dk s J h yadk rd H k stk A iz’u& v ’k ksd us iz tk dk s f dl

ek /;e ls l ack sf /k r f d ; k \ iz’u& v ’k ksd us v i us iq = & iq = h dks

f dls f y, J h yadk H k stk \

m R rj& v f H k ys[k k sa }k jk A m R rj& ck S ) /k eZ ds iz p k j ds f y; sA

iqujko`fRr iz’u %& iz’u& v ’k k sd ds f ’k yk ys[k k sa d k s f dr us H k k x k sa es a ck aVk x ;k g S \ iz’u& v ’k k sd dk jk T ;k f H k "k sd d c g q v k \ iz’u& v ’k k sd ds ^/k E e * ds ck js esa c ryk b;s \ iz’u& v ’k k sd e g k u lez k V D; k sa d g yk rk g S \

40

iz’u& v ’k k sd dh /k E e ;k = k ds ck j s e sa cr yk b;s \

41

ewY;kadu iz’u%& f uE uf yf [k r fjD r LF k k u k sa dh i wfrZ dh f t ;s %&

1 - loZ iz F k e 1 8 3 7 bZ - esa - -- --- --- uk e d fo}k u u s v ’ k k sd ds v f H k ys[k k sa dk s i<+ us e sa lQy rk g k fly dh F k h A

2- v ’k k sd ds v f H k ys [k v f /k dk ’k ar%- -- --- -- --- -f yf i esa f y [k s x ;s g S A

3- v ’k k sd us ;q ) fot ; uh fr dk s R ;k x dj -- --- -- --- -- --- dk s v iuk ;k A

4- --- --- -- --- -esa v ’k k sd us d f ya x ij v k Ø e .k f d ;k A

5- v 'k k sd dk ok L rfod jk T;k f H k "k sd -- --- -- -- ---e sa g q v k F k k A

6- jk T;k f H k "k sd ds lk r o" k Z ck n v ’k ksd us --- --- -- -- -rF k k --- -- --- -- ---d s v uasd { k s = k sa dks v ius lk ez k T; e sa f e yk f y;k A

x`g dk;Z %& iz’u& v ’k k sd }k jk dh x bZ d f yax fot ; i j laf { k I r f Vi..k h f y [k dj yk bZ ;sA