adsorber bed bhavin arya msr

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Design, fabrication AND testinprototype internal 80K heliumpurication system for helium

By:

Bhavin b. arya!"0#80$!000!%External Guide:

Mr. A. K. Sahu

Scientist/Engineer SG,

Head LCPC division

P!, Gandhinagar.

nternal Guide

Pro". #r. S.M.M

APME, L#CE

Ah$eda%ad.



!"0#80$!000!

&'()*N+ & -+/+N(A(*&N

•

ndigenous heliu$ &lant• 'eed o" &uri"ication s(ste$

• )%*ective o" +or

• #esign o" Adsor%er %ed

-. Selection o" adsor%ent

. ind $ass o" Adsor%ent re0uired

1. Calculate the length and dia$eter o" adsor%er %ed2. Calculate M34 length and %reathrough ti$e

5. #i$ension o" vessel

6. #esign o" "ilter

7. Modelling

• !e"erences



!"0#80$!000!

*n1igenous helium plant

#i""erent o&erational s(ste$:-. Co$&ressor )il re$oval s(ste$

. Seven Heat exchanger

1. 3hree tur%o ex&ander

2. 3+o Puri"ication s(ste$5. 3+o 893 valve

6. Cold circulator

7. #e+ar

Fig.1 Process Flow Diagram for Liquid Helium P



•

H!L is o&erated at &urit( %etter than . ; %( volu$e <-• Although su""icient &recautions i$&urit( level so$eti$es ca

high as -== PPM.

• high level o" i$&urit( enters cause condensation and choe lines and valves leading to large &ressure dro& and ine""icien

li0ue"action &rocess.• condensed and "ro?en i$&urit( can destro( the %lades o" tur%

H!L.

!"0#80$!000!

N++D & -'**2A(*&N /'3(+4



• #esign, a%ricate @ 3esting )" Protot(&e Adsor%er ed o" B=K.

• Stud( o":

Helium !lant and its com!onents.

Design and analysis +or done "or B= K &uri"ier %ed o" actual si?e

• #esign:

3he Adsor%er %eds,

ilter ele$ents.

• nstru$entations "or adsor%er %ed test "acilit(.

• Ex&eri$ental &rocedure.

• #ra+ings re0uired "or $anu"acturing and asse$%l( o" di""erent ele$ents.

• Per"or$ the test, collect the data and anal(se it. !e&eat it "or di""erent t(&e o"

• Mae a re&ort o" a%ove +or.

!"0#80$!000!

&b6ective of pro6ect



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Design of a1sorber be1

• #esign o" adsor%er %ed can carr(out in "ollo+ing +a(9

-. Selection o" adsor%ent. ind $ass o" Adsor%ent re0uired

1. Calculate the length and dia$eter o" adsor%er %ed

2. Calculate %reathrough ti$e and $ass trans"er ?one<M34>

5. )&ti$i?e the length and dia$eter o" adsor%er %ed on di""erent &ara$ete

%reathrough ti$e, &ressure dro&, velocit(, $ass "lo+ rate etc..

6. #esign the "ilter



• A#S)!P3)'9

•

Adsor&tion has %een de"ined as o&eration/&rocess in +hich the gas $adsor%ate> stic to the sur"ace o" the solid <adsor%ent> in one or $ore la(er.

• 3he Gas / li0uid &articles +hich are going to adsor% on a sur"ace is called as

• 3he Material on +hich that "luid get adsor%ed is called as Adsor%ent.

• Classi"ied as

•

Ph(sical Adsor&tion9 +ea inter$olecular "orces, called van der +aa %rought into &la(

• Che$isor&tion9 strong reaction %et+een the solid and the gas

!"0#80$!000!

!. /election of a1sorbent



Physical Adsorption Chemisorption

Low heat of adsorption (<

2 or 3 times latent heat of

evaporation)

High heat of adsorption (> 2

or 3 times latent heat of

evaporation)

on speci!c Highly speci!c

"onolayer or "#ltilayer "onolayer only

o dissociation of

adsor$ed species

"ay involve dissociation%

&nly signi!cant at

relatively low

temperat#res

Possi$le over a wide range of

temperat#re

'apid nonactivated

reversi$le

Activated may $e slow and

irreversi$le

o electron transfer

altho#gh polari*ation of

sor$ate may occ#r

+lectron transfer leading to

$ond formation $etween

sor$ate and s#rface%

Table: 1

Comparison of Physical Adsorption & Chemisorption <Courtes(: !andall .

arron, Cr(ogenic S(ste$sD > !"0#80$!000!




"y!e of adsor#er

•

Activated Car%ons• Car%on Molecular Sieves

• Silica gel

• Activated Alu$ina

• 4eolites

Fig.$ Adsor%ents <Courtes(:

3echnolog( and #esign>

Fig.% Sche$aticre&resentation

sho+ing the

"ra$e +or

structure o" <a>

?eolite A and <%>

?eolites and F

<Courtes(:

!uthven -B2, &

-1> !"0#80$!000!




!"0#80$!000!


Adsor$ent

"icropore

vol#me ,o

(m3-g)

.#rface

Area

(m2-g)

Character

istic

adsorptio

n energy+o(/0-mol

e)

Adsorption

capacity

(mol-g)

PL

(it#mino

#s

Pitts$#rg

h Lignite)

0.000000

"

"".

"!.!

0.00!5

$

.C

(cocon#t

shell

$ased)

0.000000

"

5"$.

"

#.50.0005$

#

AC4 #."0+90$#"0.0

0#0.0

0.0005

7

A5a6 ".80+90$"80.0

0#!.#!

0.00!!5

7L3 #.""+90$78!.5

7#.$

0.00#0#

8#

Required !ro!erties of &dsor#ent

• High adsor&tion ca&acit(

• High sur"ace area &er unit $ass

• !egeneration should %e eas(

• Adsor&tion energ(

• Porosit(

• Availa%ilit(

• Econo$ical

e +ill go +ith Coconut 'ell #ased

carcoal



!"0#80$!000!

!. /election of a1sorbent "icropore "esop

9iameter(

nm)# #95

Classification of Pore si)es :

"a#le sho+s Pore si?e <Courtes(: !uthven

-B2, & B>

• &dsor#ent Pysical

Pro!erty :

"a#le sho+s Ph(sical

Pro&ert( o" Adsor%ents

<Courtes(: Perr(s Che$ical

Hand%oo>

Adsor$ent(Car$on)

.hapeof

particles:

;nternal

porosity

#l/densit

y7g-L

Avere podiamer n

.hell $ased < 700."590.55

#

,ood$ased < =800.#59

0.0

Petrole#m$ased

<,2 =800."590.55

#

Peat$ased <,2,- =55 0.90.5 !9"Lignite $ased <,- $0985 0."90.$

it#mino#scoal$ased

<,- 70980 0."90.7 #9"

Car$onmolec#lar sieve

2 5950 0.590.$ 0.90

:.hapes= C cylindrical pellets ? gran#l



!"0#80$!000!

'itrogen isother$s at 77K <Courtes(: #. Martins, . Catarino, #.

Lo&es, . Esteves, 8.P. Mota, G. on""ait, cr(ocoolers -6, & 56B>

3hree selected adsor&tion isother$s "or th

charcoal sa$&les <Courtes(: #. Martins

Esteves, 8.P. Mota, G. on""ait, cr(




3here are $ainl( six t(&es o" Adsor&tion sother$s

-. Micro&orous $aterials <e.g. 4eolite and Activated car%on>

. 'on &orous $aterials <e.g. 'on&orous Alu$ina and Silica>

1. 'on &orous $aterials and $aterials +hich have the +ea

interaction %et+een the adsor%ate and adsor%ent <e.g.

Gra&hite/+ater>

2. Meso&orous $aterials <e.g. Meso&orous Alu$ina andSilica>

5. Porous $aterials and $aterials that have the +ea

interaction %et+een the adsor%ate and adsor%ent <e.g.

Activated car%on/+ater>

6. Ho$ogeneous sur"ace $aterials <e.g. Gra&hite/Kr and

'aCl/Kr>

I'*"H+R,'-% / " a 0uantit( 0 o" a gas or va&or is adsor%ed %( a &orous soli

te$&erature and the stead( state e0uili%riu$ &artial &ressure is & then the "unctio

adsor&tion isother$.

!"0#80$!000!

#. 4ass of a1sorbent



!"0#80$!000!


Partial !ressure of Im!urities

• n ndigenous Heliu$ Li0ue"action Plant, the heliu$ +hich is going to use sh

is o&erated on -2%ar &ressure. ut the heliu$ su&&l( contain the i$&urities li

+hich is averaging to a%out -== PPM.

• So, the &artial &ressure o" ' i$&urit( is given %(,

PIJ-2 I =.==-=1 %ar.

• 'o+, "or the i$&urit(, the saturated &ressure at B=K is PoI-.16B7%ar.

•

So, !elative Pressure can %e given %(,P/P= I =.==-=1/-.16B7

I7. x -=92

• Sa$e +e can do "or other i$&urities.

• Partial Pressure o" )x(gen I .1 x -=92 %ar

• Partial Pressure o" Argon I-. x -=95 %ar.

•



!"0#80$!000!


Selection Of Calculation Model From Relatie Pressure !"#

'elative

press#re

P-Po range

"echanism Calc#lation mo

6@ to @%@2 4icropore illing D(, <242, ?K, /,

@%@ to @% /ub94onolayer ormation D

@%@B to @%3 4onolayer 2omplete B+(, )angmui

> @% 4ultilayer ormation t9plot, @/

> @%3B 2apillary 2on1ensation B?, D?

@% to @%B 2apillary illing *n 4"!/9(ype

4aterials

D(, B?

• !elative &ressure o" i$&urities are in range o" -=9=2 so 9#3, GCMC, HK, S

#! Micro&ore illing Mechanis$ should %e use.

• 'o+, +e +ill go +ith DR model %ecause "or activated car%on #! e0uat

"aith"ul6.



• #u%inin9!adushevic <#!> e0uation "or adsor&tion o" $ixture o" gas

• ,

• "or the $ass "lo+ rate o" $0 gs and $ our o" o&eration +ith 100!!m o" i$&u

• %( &utting the values +e +ill get adsor&tion ca&acit( around =.=22g/g.

=.=22 g o" i$&urities &er g o" car%on

• 3otal $ass o" i$&urities to %e adsor%ed =.- g.

• So $ass o" adsor%ent re0uired is 2.= g

mass of adsor#ent is 2 3g.

•

!"0#80$!000!




!"0#80$!000!

. 2alculate the length an1 1iameter of a1sbe1

3here is a &ressure dro& in the heliu$ "lo+ across the %ad %ecause o" the

$aterial, car%on SC-- in this case. irst thing +e ee& in $ind +hile designing

that the &ressure dro& across the %ed should not %e $ore than 1= $%ar.

3he gra&h "or &ressure dro& across the %ed +ith various

%ed dia$eter is sho+n

So the dia$eter o" %ed should %e $ore than 6 inch "or

&ressure dro& less than 1= $%ar.

So initiall( taing dia$eter o" %ed 6 inch < =.-52 $>

Length can %e calculated as "ollo+,

'o+, and taing D 4 0.12%5 m

L 4 0.20 m

LD 4 $.%6

hich +e +ill %e o&ti$i?ed "urther .

f% C #$!.8 9#

Press#re drop vs 9



!"0#80$!000!

". 2alculate 4(E length an1 breaFthrough t

Fig /7rea3 troug cFig /,ass transfer )one

reathrough ti$e, t % is the ti$e +hen the C/Co value %eco$es =.=- i$&urit(/ nlet i$&urit(> @ saturated ti$e, ts is the ti$e +hen C/Co value %eco

outlet i$&urit(/ nlet i$&urit(>.

3here are t+o $odel "or &rediction on M34 length and %reathrough ti$e

1. Rosen model

%. &9ial dis!ersion model



!"0#80$!000!


Rosen model

3he !osen Model, develo&ed %( !osen

Assistances in "inding anal(tical results to adsor&tion

di""iculties.

3he %asic assu$&tions "or this $odel are as %elo+

-. 'o Axial dis&ersion

. sother$al conditions and linear isother$

1.Constant "lo+ velocit( @ Constant e""ective

di""usivit(

&9ial dis!ersion model

3he axial dis&ersion $odel is

that the concentration "ront is

h(drod(na$ic and inetic <"inite tra

3he e0uation "or the axial dis&

%(



!"0#80$!000!


• Adsor&tion ca&acit( @ Mass o" Adsor%ent <'>

f% C 0.0# ln% G 0.!!

N# a1sorption capacity of coconut shell at 80K

f% C 0.0# ln% G 0.8

Nitrogen *sotherm at 80K for 2oconut /hell Base1 Ac

2haracteristic 2urve

#! theor(

f% C 0."5 ln% G 8.!8

henry constant



!"0#80$!000!


• Adsor&tion ca&acit( @ Mass o" Adsor%ent <)>

2haracteristic curve

f% C 0.0" ln% G 0.57

&ygen *sotherm at 80K for 2oconut /he

f% C 0.0" ln% G 0.!"

&# a1sorption capacity of coconut shell at 80K

#! theor(

f% C 0.7 ln% G !!.7

Henry constant

2 l l l h 1 b F h h



!"0#80$!000!


L," 4 0.1;6

m

'osen ime vs C-Co

4rom rea/thro#gh

c#rve

tb ! sH2I2o0.

ts #0! sH2I2o0.0!

4(E 0."8" m

4rom rea/ thro#gh

c#rve

tb #750!s H

ts 80!s H

4(E 0.!7$m

;'&?+ 'osen ime Ds C-Co;'&?+ A6ial 9ispersion C-C

" 2 l l t 4(E l th 1 b Fth h t



!"0#80$!000!


&EF?+ A6ial 9ispersion

4rom rea/ thro#ghc#rve

tb #00!s

ts "$0!s

4(E 0.!7$m

4rom rea/thro#ghc#rve

ts 8070!s2I2o0.

tb !s2I2o0.0!

4(E 0."8m L," 4 0.1;6 m

Lengt of #ed 4 0.;;6

m

&EF?+ 'osen ime Ds C-Co




!"0#80$!000!


• e +ill consider a9ial dis!ersion $odel "or our calculation. e are not ge

result in a !osen $odel %ecause !osen $odel is %ased on a %asic assu$&ti

+ill no axial dis&ersion in "lo+, +hich in not correct in this case %ecausedia$eter.

• M34 length in %oth the case "or nitrogen and ox(gen is sa$e as =.

%reathrough ti$e "or nitrogen and ox(gen are around 7.1 hour and B.= ho

"ar $ore than our ti$e o" o&eration. e can use that length and dia$eter %e

"acilit(.




!"0#80$!000!

". 2alculate 4(E length an1 breaFthrough t$rea/thro#gh c#rve for diGerent mass How rate

5 gIs

0 gIs#5 gIs

#0 gIs

!5 gIs

$rea/thro#gh c#rve for diGerent char

rea/thro#gh c#rve for diGerent void fraction

vC0."8

vC0.

igure sho+s the %reathrough cu

"lo+ rate, di""erent &article dia$eter and

5 D*4+N/*&N & J+//+)



!"0#80$!000!

5. D*4+N/*&N & J+//+)Since the &ressuri?ed heliu$ gas has to %e &assed through the adsor%er vessel, it ca

considering a &ressure vessel. According to the ASME Section , the $ini$u$ th

c(lindrical shell can %e given %(N

hereIdesign internal &ressure,

Iinside dia$eter o" shell,

Iallo+a%le stress,

I+eld e""icienc(.

3he $ini$u$ thicness "or

he$is&herical heads is given

here

I constantI

3he internal design &ressure is = %ar I.= MPa,

Considering the $aterial to %e SS1=2L, so, S a I-=.6MPa,

3aing +eld e""icienc( e+ I=.B5

I -.5= $$. or the sa"e side and $aret availa%ilit(

+e tae &i&e o" <'P/; +ith outer dia$eter 6.65

inch

nner dia$eter 6.=65 inch and,

"ic3ness of 8essel is 0.%=0 inc

e have, he$is&herical head thic

=.72 $$ O =.B= inch

Head tic3ness t 4 0.%=0 inc

7 Design of lter



!"0#80$!000!

7. Design of lter

,es o!ening

Consider that # & is the &article dia$eter and + is the a&erture o"

P(thagoras theore$ +e have,

or the &resent +or, the charcoal dust that is carried +ith heliu$ has &article si?e rang

So %( using e0uation,

N

e have,

n -D +e have 52== $icrons, so

Mesh I 52==/5- I 2B5==.

Particle dia% vs% m

7 Design of lter



!"0#80$!000!

7. Design of lter

ilter

)&erating Pressure -2 %ar

)&erating 3e$&erature B= K

#ensit( o" He B.-6 Kg/$1

Mass "lo+ rate, $ 1= g/s

ol.lo+ rate, Q =.==162 $1/s)&eration ti$e 1 Hr

-=B== Sec

Charcoal &article #ia,#& 1= $icrons

A&erture Si?e,idth, )&ening, + - $icrons

- $icrons

#ia$eter o" +ire, d 1= $icrons

Pitch o" the Mesh, P 5- $icrons

Mesh 2B

Mesh 55=

oid =.-6

RP Across ire Screen

iscosit( o" He

He "lo+ rate,Q

Length, L

#ia$eter o" Screen,#i

Pressure #ro&, RP

Across nlet Pi&e

#

Pre. #ro& $%ar

Across )utlet Pi&e

#

A

Pre. #ro& $%ar

Across Annular S&ace Area

#o

Aannular

annular

Pre.#ro&

Pre.#ro& $%ar

3otal P #ro&

7 Design of lter



!"0#80$!000!

7. Design of lterLength &ptimi*ation of Cartridge

Cartridge 9iameter &ptimi*

,ire 9iameter &ptimi*aPipe 9iameter &ptimi*ation

7 mo1elling



!"0#80$!000!

7. mo1elling

Adsor%er %ed

Design Data -rototype A1sorber Be1s



,ass flow rate $0 gs

Im!urity -== PPM

Design Pr. -2 %ar"ime of *!eration 1 hr

,ass of He su!!lied> mHe 12 Kg

?olume of He 'u!!lied -B1.12 $1

?olume of Im!urity 'u!!lied =.-B1 $1

&ligi#ility for DR +q. #! 3heor(

,odel 'elected Axial dis&ersion

t# 65=- s

ts1B=- s

," Lengt4 =.-67 $

&dsor#er #ed Dia 6.=65 nch

"otal Lengt of #ed =.667 $

!"0#80$!000!

Design Data -rototype A1sorber Be1s

orF Lill be carrie1 out



!"0#80$!000!

orF Lill be carrie1 out

• a%rication @ Purchasing o" nstru$ents "or adsor%er %ed te

• Ex&eri$ental &rocedure.

• Per"or$ the test, collect the data and anal(se it.

• !e&eat it "or di""erent t(&e o" charcoals.

• #ocu$entation.

eferences



-. #ouglas M. !uthven, Princi&les o" Adsor&tion and Adsor&tion ProcessesD, 8

@ Sons, -B2.

. !oo& Chand ansal @ Meenashi Go(al, Activated Car%on Adsor&tionD, C!

==5.

1. S. Lo+ell, 8oan E. Shields, Martin A. 3ho$as and Matthias 3ho$$es,

Characteri?ation o" Porous Solids and Po+ders: Sur"ace Area, Pore Si?e an

%( Klu+er Acade$ic Pu%lishers, ==2TTB

2. Quantachro$e nstru$ents, Ph(sisor&tion Methods and 3echni0ues, Se$ina

.&&tD5. !al&h. 3. Fang, Gas Se&aration %( Adsor&tion ProcessD, $&erial college Pu

6. Activated charcoal adsor&tion %( r %ansal and $inaxi.

!"0#80$!000!

eferences



han/ Fo#

!"0#80$!000!

adsorber bed bhavin arya msr

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