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Azadirachta indica Azadirachta indica Azadirachta indica Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Flowering-twig ANDHRA PRADESH ANDHRA PRADESH ANDHRA PRADESH ANDHRA PRADESH State State State State Tree Tree Tree Tree: Vepa Telugu). Botanical Name: Botanical Name: Botanical Name: Botanical Name: Azadirachta indica Azadirachta indica Azadirachta indica Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Family: Family: Family: Family: Meliaceae. Common Common Common Common Names: Names: Names: Names: Indian Lilac, Margosa, Neem (English); Limdo (Gujarati); Neem (Hindi); Bevu (Kannada); Kadu-Limba (Marathi); Arishta, Nimba, Picumarda (Odiya); Vempu (Tamil). Etymology: Etymology: Etymology: Etymology: The generic name is derived from the Persian word “azaddirakt”, which means “noble tree” and indica indica indica indica refers to the country in which it occurs. Description: Description: Description: Description: A large tree, to 20 m tall. Leaves pari- or impari- pinnate, 10 – 45 cm long; rachis up to 8 cm long, glabrous; leaflets up to 18, opposite, subopposite or alternate, ovate- lanceolate, lanceolate or falcate, prominently oblique at base, crenate-serrate along margins, acuminate at apex, 4 – 6 × 1 – 2 cm, glabrous. Inflorescence a panicle, axillary, as long as or shorter than the leaves. Flowers scented. Sepals 5, rounded, united at base. Petals 5, oblong-spathulate, c. 5 mm long, ciliate, pubescent inside, white. Staminal tube cylindrical, mouth expanded with 10 appendages; anthers 10, glabrous, inserted at the base of and opposite appendages, included. Ovary globose; style terete; stigma with a light-coloured rim at base. Fruit a drupe, oblong, yellow, 1-seeded; seeds ovoid, surrounded by a sweet pulp when ripe. Flowering & Fruiting: Flowering & Fruiting: Flowering & Fruiting: Flowering & Fruiting: February – September.

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Page 1: ANDHRA PRADESHANDHRA PRADESH - bsienvis.nic.inbsienvis.nic.in/State_trees/Andhra Pradesh State Tree - Final - 9.12.2013.pdf · Petals 5, oblong-spathulate, c. 5 mm long, ciliate,

Azadirachta indica Azadirachta indica Azadirachta indica Azadirachta indica A. Juss.

Flowering-twig

ANDHRA PRADESHANDHRA PRADESHANDHRA PRADESHANDHRA PRADESH

State State State State TreeTreeTreeTree:::: Vepa �Telugu).

Botanical Name:Botanical Name:Botanical Name:Botanical Name: Azadirachta indica Azadirachta indica Azadirachta indica Azadirachta indica A. Juss.

Family: Family: Family: Family: Meliaceae.

CommonCommonCommonCommon Names: Names: Names: Names: Indian Lilac, Margosa, Neem (English); Limdo (Gujarati); Neem (Hindi);

Bevu (Kannada); Kadu-Limba (Marathi); Arishta, Nimba, Picumarda (Odiya); Vempu

(Tamil).

Etymology: Etymology: Etymology: Etymology: The generic name is

derived from the Persian word

“azaddirakt”, which means “noble

tree” and indicaindicaindicaindica refers to the

country in which it occurs.

Description:Description:Description:Description: A large tree, to 20 m

tall. Leaves pari- or impari-

pinnate, 10 – 45 cm long; rachis

up to 8 cm long, glabrous; leaflets up to 18, opposite, subopposite or alternate, ovate-

lanceolate, lanceolate or falcate, prominently oblique at base, crenate-serrate along

margins, acuminate at apex, 4 – 6 × 1 – 2 cm, glabrous. Inflorescence a panicle, axillary,

as long as or shorter than the leaves. Flowers scented. Sepals 5, rounded, united at base.

Petals 5, oblong-spathulate, c. 5 mm long, ciliate, pubescent inside, white. Staminal tube

cylindrical, mouth expanded with 10 appendages; anthers 10, glabrous, inserted at the

base of and opposite appendages, included. Ovary globose; style terete; stigma with a

light-coloured rim at base. Fruit a drupe, oblong, yellow, 1-seeded; seeds ovoid,

surrounded by a sweet pulp

when ripe.

Flowering & Fruiting:Flowering & Fruiting:Flowering & Fruiting:Flowering & Fruiting: February

– September.

Page 2: ANDHRA PRADESHANDHRA PRADESH - bsienvis.nic.inbsienvis.nic.in/State_trees/Andhra Pradesh State Tree - Final - 9.12.2013.pdf · Petals 5, oblong-spathulate, c. 5 mm long, ciliate,

Range of Distribution:Range of Distribution:Range of Distribution:Range of Distribution: Throughout India; Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan,

Sri Lanka and also widely cultivated throughout the tropics.

Economic Importance:Economic Importance:Economic Importance:Economic Importance: Wood is very hard and used for furniture-making and agricultural

implements. Oil extracted from the seeds having strong disagreeable garlic-like odour

and known as “margosa” oil, it heals bleeding gums and cures pyorrhoea and also used

as insecticide and pesticide. Neem seed cake, a residue after extraction of the oil is

valued as a fertilizer and repellent for insects.

Traditional Uses:Traditional Uses:Traditional Uses:Traditional Uses: The tree is considered sacred by Hindus. Twigs with leaves and

flowers/fruits are used in religious and cultural ceremonies. Young twigs are used as

tooth stick. The crushed leaves are taken orally to remove stomach worms. Leaf paste is

applied on the body to cure chicken pox.

Medicinal Uses: Medicinal Uses: Medicinal Uses: Medicinal Uses: This plant is extensively used in all kinds of traditional systems of

medicines to treat many health-related problems and ailments. Almost every part of the

plant is used. More than 400 active constituents have been derived from this plant. The

plant is also known to exert anticancer, antioxidant, wound-healing, and

antimicrobial properties. Neem oil and leaf extracts may be the wonder cure for

psoriasis. It relieves the itching and pain while reducing the scale and redness of the

patchy lesions.

L. RasingamL. RasingamL. RasingamL. Rasingam & D. Sathyanarayana& D. Sathyanarayana& D. Sathyanarayana& D. Sathyanarayana

Botanical Survey of India, Deccan Regional Centre, Hyderabad.