INDEX

Abhayākaragupta 11 22 311 Abhisamayālaṃkāra 13 74 87 88 116 (fn 303) ādikarman

see initial activity affirmation 21 42 169 259 290 294 affirming negation 245 494 agitation 280 290 304 Akṣobhya 7 9 10 14 46 85 95-99 104 105 134 144 147-149 151 317 373 374 376 377 406 416 421 Ālokamālā 74 101 amanasikāra

and Chan 248 as affirming negation 245 as luminosity and self-em-powerment x 12 20 80 113 247 497 as mahāmudrā x 12 13 34 80 111 112 116 248 253-254 315 316 as non-abiding 9 12 13 81 111 as non-affirming negation 244 as non-apprehension of things 226 as non-conceptual realization 12 21 34 116 236 242 243 250 315

as the realization of empti-ness 12 as the withdrawal of one’s at-tention/mental disengage-ment 1 20 116 226 249 251 being virtuous 84 112 124 242 398 490 does not contradict mana-sikāra 257 grammatical analysis of ama-nasikāra 73 (fn 186) 236 241 242 244-246 255 489 495 in the APDh 12 112 116 242 244-245 252-253 257 315 491 494 in the Cūḷasuññatasutta 248 in the DhDhV 116 251-252 257 315 in the JĀA x 12 13 84 111 112 242 in the ŚBh 249 in the tantras 243 315 in the Viniścayasaṃgrahaṇī 250 Kamalaśīla on amanasikāra 248 253 257 258 practice of amanasikāra x 4 11 12 85 111 112 171 223 231 236 250 253

amanasikāra cycle/texts xi 1 4 13 20 21 35 (fn 87) 46 53 141

560 INDEX

157 166 197 201 208 254 260 266 269 (fn 707) 311 315 Amitābha 9 14 104 134 150 151 419 Amoghasiddhi 9 14 104 150 420 Amṛtakaṇikoddyotanibandha 13 Anāvilatantra 2 36 Aṅguttaranikāya 248 Apratiṣṭhāna x 1 9 10 12 15 18 19 21 40 60 71 77 79 80 81 82 84 85 89 100 115 169 204 205 245 (fn 649) 266 267 316 317 360 377 443 445 Ārya tradition 109 Āryadeva 3 4 68 (fn 173) Aṣṭādhyāyī 241 245 (fn 650) Aśvaghoṣa 79 Atiśa 24 47 79 attachment 19 (fn 40) 60 61 71 72 104 112 150 153 165 170 182 190 211 214 259 260 264 285 289 291 autonomous logical reasons 78 avadhūtī 122 123 283 397 aversion 19 (fn 40) 289 291 Avikalpapraveśadhāraṇī x 12 92 112 114 116 227 229 230 231 242 244 251-253 257 315 494 awareness

as a valid form of cognition 167 as prajñā 188 awareness-consort/vidyā 57 134 339 405 awareness-emptiness 217 218 devoid of forms/entities 67 204

discriminating awareness 256 269 during empowerment 134 four pillars of awareness 51-52 has arisen in dependence 100 317-318 has not arisen 100 ignorance becomes aware-ness 189 inexpressible awareness 286 inseparable from emptiness and compassion 247 luminous awareness 274 286 288 Madhyamaka on the basis of awareness 10 18 99 Māyopamādvaya-awareness 85 non-abiding of awareness 169 non-conceptual awareness 286 of essencelessness 245 original awareness 82 practice of awareness 156 self-awareness 10 16 18 19 36 67 80 84 96 (fn 246) 97 (fn 249) 99 (fn 254, fn 257) 107 111 112 160 161 (fn 440) 169 170 173 189 203 212 (fn 559) 218 264 265 277 279 280 286 288 289 290 302 truly existing awareness 95

Bal po Asu 34 (fn 84) 35 (fn 87) ‘Ba’ ra ba rGyal mtshan dpal bzang 81

INDEX 561

bCom ldan rig pa’i ral gri 79 Bhagavatsiddhānta 69 Bhāskara 63 69 70 (fn 177) Bhāvanākrama 220 316 bKa’ brgyud 1 4 311 blessing 36 273 276 277 281-283 290 294-296 300 bliss

and emptiness 111 (fn 292) 112 121 (fn 320) 140 (fn 372) 209 274 276 278 279 285 289 295 and suffering 45 as a necessary condition for enlightenment 182 as bodhicitta 265 as Cakrasaṃvara 37 as the cause of saṃsāra 182 as dharmakāya 93 289 as mahāmudrā 290 as the ornament of knowing 290 as skilful means 187 263 as the world 189 as yoga without effort 287 co-emergent bliss 182 (fn 488) 225 259 265 302 false manifestation of bliss 16 182 184 free from attachment 259 generated in union/ karmamudrā 10 13 120 122 great bliss 16 33 37 111 (fn 292) 112 119 124 126 140 (fn 372) 172 181 185 190 200 224 237 260 267 269 274 275 277-282 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 293

295-300 302 303 305-307 309 310 in fourth empowerment 312 (fn 744) manifesting as deities 183 means of bliss 187 neither exists nor does not exist 182 (fn 487) 183 non-arising bliss 288 non-dual bliss 18 204 276 278 of equality 282 pure bliss 178 278 285 real/true bliss 96 202 seeking bliss 155 299 spontaneously manifest bliss 290 supreme bliss 176

blissful meditation 63 blissful mind 16 183 265 blissful nature 265 blissful reality 195 blissful wisdom 10 (fn 28) 120 270 bodhicitta

arisen from union with a prajñā 139 as drop 125 (fn 331) 312 (fn 744) as enlightened mind 126 as great bliss 289 as maṇḍala deities 278 as the nature of one taste 265 as sexual fluids 122 125 (fn 331) 139 engaging bodhicitta 212 220 222 generation of bodhicitta 51 52

562 INDEX

gold of bodhicitta 126 (fn 334) non-analytical bodhicitta 220 (fn 583) 225 non-dual bodhicitta 227 288 relative bodhicitta 122 seed of bodhicitta 142 145 supreme bodhicitta 307 ultimate bodhicitta 222 227

brahman 69 70 ‘Bra’o bum la ‘bar

see ‘Bum la ‘bar ‘Bri gung bka’ brgyud chos mdzod 2 (fn 9) 3 (fn 14) 18 23 24-40 46-48 81 (fn 210) 86 (fn 221) 105 (fn 279) 113 (fn 297) 141 (fn 378) 157 158 (fn 430) 166 (fn 451) 171 (fn 463) 173 177 (fn 474) 178 (fn 477) 184 185 (fn 494) 191 (fn 507) 201 (fn 531) 205 (fn 544) 208 (fn 550) 213 (fn 565) 216 (fn 573) 225 (fn 599) 254 (fn 683) 255 (fn 684 fn 685) 257 (fn 688) 260 (fn 696 fn 697) 263 (fn 702) 266-267 (fn 706) bSam yas Debate 248 315 buddha element 88 90-92 buddha nature 18 88 93 288 317 ‘Bum la ‘bar 81 86 87 105 113 157 201 215 225 254 255 (fn 683) Bu ston Rin chen grub 2 3 4 6 255 (fn 683) calm abiding (śamatha) x 63 (fn 149) 218 219 220 221 223 250 347 Candraharipāda 79 Candrakīrti 23 24 (fn 49) 218

Candrapradīpa 101 379 Cārvāka 45 *Caturmudropadeśa xi 145 Chan 248 315 316 characteristic sign (nimitta) x 12 18 81 86 92 101 112 113 116 117 203 226 (fn 602) 227 228 230 231-233 242 245 249-253 257 315 chosen deity

see deities Citrādvaitavāda 98 376 co-emergent

appearance and emptiness 209 as an image of the real 120-122 127 182 (fn 488) as cause 111 (fn 292) 212 as genuine bliss 21 as mahāmudrā 225 as nature of cessation 123 as primordial indivisible un-ion 260 as self-awareness 277 286 288 as ultimate 21 as underlying reality 125 199 bliss 182 (fn 488) 225 259 265 277 296 302 joy 10 11 22 105 106 110 120 127 311 312 (fn 744) 313 body 306 in the fourth position 313 (fn 746) momentary co-emergent 122 nature/essence of co-emer-gent 3 122 123 306 non-dual co-emergent 274

INDEX 563

not found somewhere else 275 power of the co-emergent 202 profound co-emergent 200 taste 125 293 295 302 uncontrived co-emergent 121 128 145 259 wisdom 121 wish-fulfilling tree of the co-emergent 294

compassion amazing 200 and emptiness 16 37 43 97 (fn 249) 98 102 123 137 140 148 151 176 178 195 196 200 202 221 222 247 266 290 302 and non-abiding 200 as a cause of bodhicitta 52 as means 265 as one of seven constituents 140 (fn 372) as the nature of dharmadhātu 122 as the nature of non-duality 265 continuity of compassion 307 continuous conpassion 298 effortless compassion 157 199 insight and compassion 177 instantaneous compassion 269 lack of/disconnected from compassion 62 97 (fn 250) lord of compassion 305 mind of copassion 269 of Sautrāntikas 72-73

of Śrāvakas and Pratyeka-buddhas 62-64 of Yogācāras 72 resolute in compassion 308 power of compassion 264 self-compassion 263 without a focus/universal compassion 73 (fn 186) 124 with a focus on essenceless-ness 73 with a focus on sentient be-ings 64 305

completion stage x 9 12 21 109 110 112 141 142 143 145 223 225 316 conduct

Dharma-conduct 47 enhancing conduct 177 everything will become con-duct 291 exoteric and esoteric conduct 284 free from destruction 172 not a topic of suchness 219 of equal taste 291 of the first five perfections 66 of having perfected the six pāramitās 214 of initial activity 49 of natural liberation 296 of non-attachement 170 of not having to attain any-thing 294 of pride 172 of the realized 275 outer conduct 138 proper conduct 156 161 vajra conduct 138

564 INDEX

view, conduct and prac-tice/meditation 112 130 293 yogic/mad conduct 7 45 212 214 (fn 567) 215 (fn 570) 282

consort see tantric consort

creation stage as the first of the four paths 279 (fn 713) in the Ārya school 109 in the Yoginītantras 109 outer and inner 109 142 path of 185 profound 142-143 144

Cūḷasuññatasutta 248 ḍāka 172 187 278 458 ḍākinī 27 (fn 62) 172 278 289 293 306 309 Ḍākinīvajrapañjara 102 151 382 Daśabhūmikasūtra 66 deep insight (vipaśyanā) x 17 18 20 62 63 (fn 149) 84 90 115 193 214 218 220 221 223 225 226 (fn 600) 239 253 316 317 346 347 466 definitive meaning 89 317 320 (fn 352) deities

affection for deities 189 arisen in dependence 103 (fn 272) chosen deity 26 138 (fn 365) 183 clan deity 137 clarity as nature of deities 204 deity yoga 142

in jñānamudrā practice 188 manifestation of deities 181 187 meditation on/visualizing de-ities 105 129 130 188 mentally created deities 143 of the five aspects 147 (fn 391) of the maṇḍala 103 129 130 138 143 pride of being a deity 237 reality of the deity 138

denial 15 72 80 82 83 86 87 (fn 226) 88-90 92 108 115 164 171 280 290 294 298 316 317 dependent arising 82 83 88 135 140 (fn 374) 170 176 178 183-185 207 219 257

see also non-arising and de-pendent arising

*Divākaracandra 3 13 dharmacakra

second 19 92 115 318 setting the dharmacakra in motion 138 156 158 third 90 92 115 318

Dharmadharmatāvibhāga 116 (fn 305) 226 (fn 602) 251 (fn 671) 252 253 254 (fn 679) 257 315 dharmadhātu

as the nature of dha-rmamudrā 122 127 395 as the skandha of conscious-ness 148 as Vajrasattva 149 dharmadhātu-wisdom 137 (fn 360) 409

INDEX 565

pure dharmadhātu 134 136 148 285 405 purified dharmadhātu 79 unarisen dharmadhātu 156 without differentiation 75 93

dharmakāya and the form kāyas 10 (fn 26) 16 44 68 96 151 (fn 402) 164 as all appearances and sound 173 as enlightenment 19 (fn 40) 276 as cessation 93 expanse of the dharmakāya 277 as gathered qualities 305-306 as great bliss 296 the guru is the dharmakāya 287 as nature of Akṣobhya 148 416 as one’s own mind 68 (fn 170) 60 (fn 210) 248 as path 288 as true nature of phenomena 286 288 298 300 beyond hope and fear 296 four perfections of the dha-rmakāya 93 the lamp of Dharma possess-es the dharmakāya 301 luminous dharmakāya 274 296 non-arisen dharmakāya 287 of the great sage 68 96 of self-luminous awarness 286 possessing the dharmakāya 304

thoughts as dharmakāya 280 unchangeable dharmakāya 281

dharmamudrā as acoustic reality of EVAṂ 130 as cause 121 (fn 320) 123 129 as an element of karmamudrā 13 121 127-129 145 392 393 as empowerment 126 142 145 402 as fivefold enlightenment 110 as fruit of maturation 117 127 as general image of reality 111 (fn 292) as the moment of maturation 11 123 as the nature of the dharma-dhātu 127 as prajñā 187 co-emergent dharmamudrā 145 definition of dharmamudrā 122-123 129 395-398 four joys on the level of dharmamudrā 110 129 144 145 fruit of dharmamudrā 125 400 in the sequence of the four seals x 107 110 111 (fn 292) 119 121 127-130 385 on the completion stage x uncontrived dharmamudrā 121 127-129 145

dharmodayā 136 137 (fn 359) 408

566 INDEX

Dhiri (=Dhira?) Śrī Jñāna 190 Dohākośagīti 3 34 (fn 86) 35 (fn 87) *Dohākośamahāmudropadeśa 254 dream 14 23 (fn 48) 30 (fn 75) 31 32 159-161 166 189 264 265 285 289 duality

caused by imprints 251 conceptually created duality x bliss as duality 183 empty of/free of/beyond du-ality 9 16 20 23 (fn 48) 68 (fn 172) 105 112 114 123 130 212 (fn 561) 214 229 230 280 312 neither duality nor non-duality 195 non-existence of duality ix 251 not becoming engaged with duality 270 of a perceived and perceiver 1 68 (fn 172) 105 280 of diversity 270 of the ordinary world 251 overcoming duality 130 see non-duality shame of duality 209

dullness 280 290 304 effortless 18 42 45 (fn 111) 72 86 99 107 113 143 157 165 199 201 281 290 308 eight worldly dharmas 45 212 empowerment

and karmamudrā 109 110 120 122 133 139

and the sequence of four moments 10-11 107 110 230 artificial, worldly empower-ment 142 144 145 as the seed of bodhicitta 142 145 bell empowerment 134 136-137 408-409 crown empowerent 134 135 406 four empowerments 141 279 the fourth empowerment 126 (fn 335) 133 140 141 142 145 225 312 (fn 744) 413 forceful/haṭhayoga empow-erment 120 122 312 from the guru 295 historical development of empowerment 109 (fn 284) in the sequence of the four seals 230 inferior empowerment 142 Maitrīpa receiving empow-erment 34-36 Maitrīpa’s works on empow-erment 141 master empowerment 110 134 138-139 142 143 144 319 410-411 name empowerment 134 137 410 natural, supramundane em-powerment 142 145 of a Buddha family 293 of the dharmamudrā and mahāmudrā 126 prajñā wisdom empower-ment 13 109 110 127 133

INDEX 567

139 140 (fn 373) 141 142 144 412 pure empowerment 141 secret empowerment 139 142 144 412 self-empowerment x 1 12 20 80 113 165 188 212 215 (fn 570) 236 247 (fn 652) 284 316 supramundane empowerment 145 supreme empowerment 143 145 tantric/Mantranaya empower-ment 236 311 transforms defilements 281 vajra empowerment 134-137 406 vase empowerment 8 9 13 133 134 141 143 404-405 water empowerment 134 406 yuganaddha experience in terms of empowerment 177

emptiness and amanasikāra x 80 236 248-258 270 316 and appearance/manifesta-tion/apparent truth 16 19 89 164 (fn 445) 184 209 211 214 217 219 257 274 287 289 and bliss 121 (fn 320) 183 195 209 274-277 285 289 295 and clarity 176 178 274 289 and compassion 16 37 43 97 98 102 123 137 140 148 151 176 178 195 202 221 222 247 266 290 302

and dependent arising 16 21 82-83 88 170 184 219 257 as Bhagavatī 153 as consort 16 183 as essencelessness 40 43 73 151 153 170 245 279 301 as fruit 304 as luminosity/luminous emp-tiness ix 80 219 236 258 289 298 305 316 as mahāmudrā ix-x 112 114 121 (fn 320) 237 as non-arising/non-origina-tion x 15 20 178 246 (fn 650) as the nature of phenome-na/things 151 189 274 as vajra 97 136 83-84 (also fn 289) 144 270 awareness-emptiness 217 218 concentration on emptiness 279 emptiness does not remain 89 emptiness of other 244 (fn 647) endowed with supreme as-pects 43 158 176 established by reasoning 89 in empowerment 147 in PV II.253cd 75 in RGVV I.154-155 91-92 in terms of Svātantri-ka/Prāsaṅgika 78 in terms of Māyopa-mādvaya/Apratiṣṭhāna 79 245 (fn 649) inborn emptiness 176 of a personal self 62 63 (fn 149) 264

568 INDEX

of all phenomena ix 151 200 306 of the Akṣobhya seal/Yogā-cāra emptiness 9 96-99 317 of the Vajrasattva seal/Ma-dhyamaka emptiness 9 14 97-99 136 317 realization/experience of emptiness 16 21 80 114 158 195 219 221 236 258 316 317 removing superimposition 72 seal of emptiness ix superimposing emptiness 89

enlightenment and bliss 274 285 288 307 and defilements/existence 194 195 as emptiness and luminosity 306 as stainless suchness/reality 19 211 214 219 227 as the realization of such-ness/dharmatā 276 278 as wisdom 43-44 303 305 307 everybody to attain enlight-enment 52 62 93 fivefold enlightenment 110 (fn 289) in empowerment 149 in gradual steps 188 (fn 500) in the Māyānirukti 156 in the Svapnanirukti 160 instantaneous enlightenment 315 mudrā of supreme enlight-enment 149 non-arisen enlightenment 279

not without bliss 182 only found through the non-conceptual 297 seat of enlightenment 51 through accumulating merit and wisdom 42 through means and insight 298 309 through seeing the nijakāya 17 181

EVAṂ 119 120 130 389 exclusion 21 42 169 259 five stages 109 127 form is empty 214 217 four extremes 83 164 165 193 194 (fn 509) 203 204 229 230 (fn 611) 265 four joys

and the four moments 10-11 22 120 127 311 and the four seals 11 107 arising from EVAṂ 120 during completion stage 225 in the MKM 311-314 in their relation to mahā-mudrā 110-111 127 225 of karmamudrā 11 12-13 107 144 145 of tantric empowerment 311 on the level of dharmamudrā 11 107 110 129 145 on the level of samayamudrā 11 118 127 recognition of the four joys 142 sequence of the four joys 10-11 120 311 313 97 112 130 264

INDEX 569

Zhwa dmar Chos kyi grags pa on four joys 11 312-313

four moments and the four seals 10 11 as the basis of empowerment 10 as the basis of enlightenment 129 beyond the four moments 112 in a forceful empowerment 120 in the CMA 120-122 in the HT 10 (fn 28) of dharmamudrā 17 110 127 of karmamudrā 17 110 120-122 127 on the level of each seal 12 the sequence of the four mo-ments 10 (fn 28) 22 110 120 127-128 311

four seals as ground, path and fruit 127-129 as means of accomplishment 74 110-111 188 191 as the four kāyas 279 in the CMA

karmamudrā 119-122 dharmamudrā 122-123 mahāmudrā 123-124 samayamudrā 124-126

in the SN karmamudrā 107 dharmamudrā 107 mahāmudrā 107-117 samayamudrā 107

sequence of the four seals 12 107 111 130 230 237 239 315 without four seals 35 (fn 87) 237

four spheres of infinite space etc. 249 freedom from mental fabrica-tion 68 69 70 82 83 96 122 147 282 287 289 305 307 Go rams pa bSod nams seng ge 78 ‘Gos Lo tsā ba gZhon nu dpal x 18 39 (fn 95) 84 92 108 (fn 282) 116 194 (fn 509) 217 218 252 315 ground, path and fruit 127 201 Guhyasamājatantra 36 109 133 (fn 347) *Guruparamparākramopadeśa 9 87 (fn 223) 104 142 144 315 Heruka 11 124 184 (fn 492) 263 292 400 Hevajratantra 10 (fn 28) 11 23 (fn 48) 36 45 101 103 109 119 122 123 126 130 136 221 223 225 226 243 (fn 644) 246 247 312 313 (fn 746) 330 Highest Yoga Tantra 2 30 (fn 74) hope and fear 276 288 290 291 294 296 illusory body 16 202 274 278 285 288 293 inconceivable 63 (fn 149) 65 68 72 82 86 93 (fn 239) 100 (fn 261) 107 108 113 114 124 170 188 190 (fn 502) 194 195 235

570 INDEX

247 255 264 265 269 276 280 286 316 Indian Mahāmudrā Works xi 1-4 53 266 320 321 indivisible union (yuganaddha)

as fruit 42 83 99 165 176 177 183 193 201 209 259 as mahāmudrā 281 as non-arising bliss 288 as the path of yoga masters 293 as vajra-body 279 in a Madhyamaka/non-tantric context 177 237 in terms of the ground, path, and the fruit 201 in the Yuganaddhaprakāśa 175-179 of apparent and ultimate truths 178 of the arisen and unarisen 178 of emptiness and clarity 178 of emptiness and compassion 178 196 290 of ordinary and illusory body 285-286 teaching of indivisible union 165

inferential reasoning/cognition 218 (fn 578) 228 253 301 317 initial activity 7 8 41 42 43 (fn 107) 44-49 53 195 insight

and compassion 177 and faith 139 based on inference 253 direct/immediate insight 80 220-223 316

discerning insight 256 eyes of insight 231 means and insight 43 139 (fn 369) 219 238 239 294 297 298 309 means and insight as moon and sun 265 meditation with insight 270 penetrating insight 18 199-201 see deep insight see perfection of insight symbolized by female deities 247 unborn/uncreated insight 269 294 women of insight 55

interpretative imagination 194 (fn 509) 226 (fn 602) 227 229 230 231 232 251 iṣṭadevatā

see chosen deity Jayāditya and Vāmana 245 (fn 650) Jñānakīrti x 18 42 (fn 105) 238-240 Jñānālokālaṃkāra x 12 13 84 100 111 112 116 124 (fn 326) 129 242 (fn 641) 315 490 jñānamudrā

see visualized consort Jñānasārasamuccaya 68 70 Jñānaśrīmitra 30 Jñānavajra 79 292 joy

see four joys ‘Ju Mi pham rnam rgyal rgya mtsho 79 Kamalanātha 120 (fn 313) 311

INDEX 571

Kamalaśīla 220 226 (fn 602) 248 253 257 258 316 Karma bKra shis chos ‘phel ix 78 208 320 (fn 752) karmamudrā

and the four moments and joys 11 17 107 110 120-122 127 129 145 as average empowerment 142 as prajñā 13 120 (fn 314) 122 144 187 as prajñā wisdom empower-ment 109 110 139 141 142 as undefiled great bliss 278 definition of 119 139 (fn 370) dharmamudrā without ka-rmamudrā 110 128-130 for average/inferior practi-tioners 17 130 188 191 316 in the CMA 119-122 in the sequence of the fours seals x 11-13 17 107 110 119 128 187 385 390 in the SN 107 mahāmudrā without karma-mudrā 237 must be combined with mahāmudrā 12 127-128 necessary for mahāmudrā 128 see also “four seals” wisdom from a karmamudrā 12-13 182 (fn 488)

Karmapa VII Chos grags rgya mtsho 2 3 4 21 269 (fn 707) 320 321 *Kāropa xi 9 (fn 24) 110 111 (fn 292) 125 (fn 330) 130 144 275

Kāśikāvṛtti 246 (fn 650) Khasarpaṇa 30 (fn 75) 31 kindness of the guru/vajra-master 12 85 99 112 114 148 196 269 276 294 297 299 300 302 Klong chen pa 79 Kong sprul Blo gros mtha’ yas ix 78 84 320 321 Kriyāsaṃgrahapañjikā 183 (fn 489) Kumāracandra 2 lalanā and rasanā 123 283 397 limit of reality 165 Locanā 14 134 152 405 422-423 luminosity

and clarity 274 and self-empowerment 165 247 (fn 654) 267 as blessing 277 as buddha nature 79 as the nature of mind 244 (fn 647) 258 277 316 as the nature of nimittas 226 (fn 602) 227 as non-arising and emptiness x 18 20 92 194 (fn 510) 297 305 316 as purity 202 as self-awareness 80 218 280 286 288 290 291 317 dream yoga based on lumi-nosity 289 empty luminosity 289 experience of emptiness/true reality as luminosity 12 18 213 214 219 236 258 317

572 INDEX

fourth stage of luminosity 256 great luminosity 293 luminous awareness 274 286 luminous dharmakāya 274 296 luminous emptiness ix 80 236 247 (fn 652) 298 305 luminous essencelessness 301 luminous non-duality 20 114 212 214 229 luminous phenomena/nimi-ttas 20 212 218 231 243 (fn 644) 275 317 luminous self-empowerment 1 12 20 113 316 luminous true nature of phe-nomena 93 218 (fn 578) 229 306 non-conceptual luminosity 257 one taste in everything is lu-minosity 194 self-luminous 286 288 291 294 246 249 251 undefiled/pure luminosity 278 308

Madhyamaka analysis/reasoning/logic of Madhyamaka 1 178 226 317 Apratiṣṭhāna Madhyamaka

see ‘of non-abiding’ as absence of superimposi-tion 72 82-83 86 108 115 as realization of bliss 106 based on direct seeing/self-awareness 10 99-101 108 113 316

blend of mahāmudrā with Madhyamaka x 7 12 13 20 316 318 emptiness 9 14 317 idealist interpretation of Madhyamaka 23 (fn 48) mainstream Madhyamaka 253 Maitrīpa learning Madhya-maka 29 Maitrīpa’s Madhyamaka 77 217 218 226 317-318 Māyopamādvaya Madhyama-ka 14 18 19 60 70 71 79 85 100 203 245 (fn 649) middling Madhyamaka 216 217 218 object of negation in Ma-dhyamaka 166 of non-abiding x 1 9 12 13 15-16 38 47 71 77-94 111-114 129 156 159 160 169-174 215 216 255 257 265 315 Prāsaṅgika-Madhyamaka 78 79 81 315 Sautrāntika-Madhyamaka 78 supreme Madhyamaka 99 (fn 257) 214 217 218 219 236 view of freedom from ex-tremes 105 280 Yogācāra-Madhyamaka 80 Yuganaddha-Madhyamaka 16 177 178 197 204-205 216 221 227

Madhyamakāvatāra 217 mahāmudrā

and the JĀA x 12 84 111-112 116 124 129 315

INDEX 573

and the APDh x 12 92 112 114 116 229 230 231 315 as co-emergent joy 111 127 129 as emptiness ix-x 6 270 as fruit 111 127 as path and fruit 229 258 279 as Madhyamaka/non-abiding x 11-13 80 81 84 92 111 112 116 129 315 as non-conceptual realization (amanasikāra) 2 12 34 111 116 230 315 as prajñā 187 as the true nature of mind 2 35 91 31 77 279 292 based on karmamudrā 11-13 17 107 110 119-121 127 128 130 caused by dharmamudrā 11 107 110 121 128 129 130 116 131 133 dangers of mahāmudrā 46 definition of mahāmudrā 107 123-124 direct approach to mahāmu-drā ix 12 17 18 20 84 85 92 112 113 130 191 225 239 258 316 empowerment of mahāmudrā 34 126 essence-mahāmudrā ix 78 in the context of the four moments 11 22 110 in the context of the four seals 3 8 11-13 34 35 (fn 87) 107 109-111 119-131 187-190 231 315 ix x 2-3 11 12 91 (fn 317)

in the SN 107-117 Maitrīpa’s mahāmudrā 4 22 92 93 311 315 316 not caused by karmamudrā 128-129 see Indian Mahāmudrā Works sūtra/pāramitā-based mahāmudrā x xi 20 84 229-239 315 tantric mahāmudrā 1 4 13 the arrow of mahāmudrā 33

Mahāsiddhas 1 4 7 248 315 main practice 95 (fn 245) Maitreyaprasthānasūtra ix Majjhimanikāya 248 maṇḍala 7 14 56 103 125 (fn 331) 126 129 130 138 143 147 187 188 (fn 499) 190 275 276 278 306 383 400 401 410 415 416 Mañjuvajra 187 188 Mantranaya x 4 8 12 17 74 84 130 193 201 215 216 225 226 236-239 266 316 342 364 390 Mar pa Lo tsā ba 2 4 22 311 Māyopamādvaya

see Madhyamaka means and insight

see insight mental imprints 23 (fn 48) 67 71 (fn 181) 158 183 189 251 265 280 303 304 310 mercury 280 281 mind only 9 23 30 66 69 98 189 mKhas grub rje 79 Mount Meru 292 301

574 INDEX

mTshur ston Ye shes ‘byung gnas 46 (fn 114) 53 140 (fn 376) 208 331 414 484 Mūlamadhyamakakārikā 94 multiplicity 171 Nag tsho 171 (fn 462) 177 204 446 450 Nāgārjuna x 1 3 (fn 11) 4 (fn 21) 10 13 23 (fn 48) 24 (fn 49) 25 30 63 75 93 94 103 127 128 130 152 165 167 218 274 315 348 366 383 Nairātmyā 247 496 Nālandā 29 30 (fn 73) 38 Nāropa 1 22 29 34 (fn 85) 292 311-314 natural liberation 278 290 291 302 303 Nayatrayapradīpa 8 74 nihilism 24 (fn 49) 44 71 82 83 102 165 169 170 244 245 259 265 nijakāya 17 84 90 148 193 196 225 226 317 465 nimitta

see characteristic sign Nirākāra 10 18 23 30 60 67-70 95 (fn 245) 203 205 211 (fn 556) 214 216 342 354 356 358 372 478 485 Niraupamyastava 75 93 94 no-mind 65 (fn 161) 100 189 286 59 (fn 201) 86 179 246 non-abiding

see Madhyamaka see mahāmudrā

non-affirming negation 243 244 (fn 647) 316 317 non-arising

and dependent arising 16 100 178 as luminosity 297 as nature of great bliss 37 as path to enlightenment 297 as privative a and emptiness x 20 73 (fn 186) 245-246 as purity 232 as seal of Vajradhara 295 as mahāmudrā path 274 as true nature of phenomena 157 165 182 awakening to/realizing non-arising 270 273 284 292 294 Lord of non-arising 172 Madhyamaka meaning of non-arising 87 164 mental engagement with non-arising 295 non arising bliss 288

non-conceptual 17 45 48 91 101 105 106 122 124 170 201 235 239 242 245 251 (fn 668) 252 253 255-257 274 275 286-291 297 305 316 317 non-conceptual realization

see amanasikāra non-conceptual wisdom 116 117 251-254 257 non-dual 18 68 85 89 95 98 99 105 127 140 165 183 203 204 227 237 270 274 276 278 279 281 285 288 298 305 306 309 310 317 non-duality 14 33 55 60 70 71 77 81 157 159 171 181 182 184 188 190 195 212 226 230 231 265 269 270 282 292 295 296 298 307 310

INDEX 575

non-meditation 221 224 243 (fn 644) 274 277 not being mindful 249 on a par with Mantranaya 239 outer union of the couple 182 Padma dkar po 241 (fn 639) 246 (fn 650) Pañcakrama 30 177 214 Pañcakramaṭippaṇī Yogīmano-harā 103 (fn 271) Pāṇini 29 241 Pāramitānaya x 4 17 18 59 (fn 136) 64 66 70 72 74 214 215-217 225 231 236-239 265 342 350 penetrating insight

see insight perfection of insight 7 43 44 47 80 153 217 246 (fn 650) Phyag chen rgyal ba’i gan mdzod 128 (fn 340) 241 (fn 639) 242 (fn 639) 246 (fn 650) pith instruction 11 17 20 21 29 43 86 102 107 110 114 123 128 130 141 142 145 158 214-220 222 223 225 226 229 230 231 236-239 253 255-257 263-266 269-271 284 291 293-295 306 pointing-out instruction 114 prajñā

see karmamudrā Prajñāpāramitā

as Bhagavatī 153 217 see perfection of insight

Pramāṇa 29 67 (fn 168) 215 353 Pramāṇavārttika 65 66 75 prasajyapratiṣedha

see non-affirming negation

Prāsaṅgika see Madhyamaka

post-meditation 96 170 primordial Buddha 199 294 projection and dissolution 181 Rāgavajra 29 30 (fn 74) Rāmapāla ix-xii 4 (fn 21) 9 (fn 24) 10 12 13 80 81 84-86 110 111 113-116 124 (fn 326) 130 230 242 (fn 641) 313 rasanā

see lalanā Ratnagotravibhāga 10 13 18 19 87 (fn 225) 88 90-94 96 116 (fn 303) 117 123 130 214 (fn 566) 217 251 (fn 669) 315 Ratnākaraśānti 11 23 24 (fn 49) 30 (fn 73, 74) 120 (fn 313) 311 Ratnasambhava 9 14 104 134 149 151 405 419 421 Raviśrījñāna 11 22 311 reassurance

in master empowerment 138 that one is the Tathāgatas 142 143 (fn 382) 144 that one is Vajradhara 142 143 (fn 382) 144 that one is Vajrasattva 313

reflection in a mirror 148 151 rMa ban 104 (fn 276) 166 (fn 449) 184 201 208 248 441 476 484 497 rNgog Blo ldan shes rab 80 Rong zom Chos kyi bzang po 79 rope and snake 90 Śavaripa 1 11 24 31 32 33 (fn 80) 34 35 (fn 87) 36 37 38 47 166 248 (fn 660) 254

576 INDEX

Śrāvakabhūmi 249 250 Śrī Parvata 31 36 38 166 Sa skya Paṇḍita 128 Saddharmapuṇḍarīka 75 365 Sāgaramatiparipṛcchāsūtra ix sahaja

see co-emergent *Sahajavajra 86 93 113 114 130 212 (fn 559) 213-220 222 (fn 589) 223 225 226 230 231 236-239 243 (fn 644) 258 (fn 689) 316 Sākāra 60 66-70 98 203 (fn 539) 205 211 214 216 342 350 352 354 355 357 358 376 478 485 samādhi 19 20 81 92 178 184 212 213 214 218 220 222 227 236 243 (fn 644) 249 (fn 662) 345 347 358 362 381 419 Samādhirājasūtra 86 101 (fn 264) 114 (fn 299) 225 232 236 Samāhitā Bhūmi 250 samayamudrā

and the four joys 11 and the four moments 12 as form kāyas/ fruit 124 126 129 399 as illusory body 278 as prajñā 187 at the time of maturation 111 (fn 292) causal samayamudrā 129 130 142 144 definition of samayamudrā 124-126 400-402 for the inferior 17 130 (fn 344) 142 188 191 316 459

in the context of the four seals x 127 390 in master empowerment 138 410 on completion stage x

sambhogakāya 16 17 44 73 124 143 148 151 (fn 402) 171 190 194 328 400 Saptaśatikā Prajñāpāramitā 80 Saraha 1 3 34 (fn 86) 35 (fn 87) 70 (fn 179) 248 (fn 660) 253 254 274 Sautrāntika 9 14 15 (fn 35) 59 64 72 77 78 264 317 342 350 491 Sautrāntika-Madhyamaka

see Madhyamaka seal

of Akṣobhya 10 85 95 96 97 (fn 249) 105 (fn 278) 144 151 317 373 374 377 of emptiness ix 14 of liberation ix 293 of the Tathāgata(s) 105 of Vajradhara 10 105 of Vajrasattva 10 14 85 96 97 (fn 249) 99 (fn 255) 105 145 151 317 376 377 see four seals see karmamudrā, dharmamu-drā, mahāmudrā, samayamu-drā

Sekanirdeśapañjikā ix xi xii 10 12 13 81 92 104 109 124 (fn 326) 242 (fn 641) Sekoddeśa 120 (fn 313) 312 self-awareness

as experiential term 317

INDEX 577

as extreme of Vijñaptivāda 173 as great bliss 277 279 289 302 as luminosity 80 218 277 280 288 290 317 mahāmudrā 84 107 112 as no-mind 189 as true nature of phenomena 277 as valid form of cognition 169 co-emergent self-awareness 277 288 emptiness is inconceivable for self-awareness 82 170 has not arisen 277 in Madhyamaka 265 in Nirākāravāda 67 203 264 is empty 277 Madhyamaka based on self-awareness is superior 99-100 317 realized by oneself 277 realization of the mind of self-awareness 302 wisdom of self-awareness 36

self-empowerment x 1 12 20 80 113 165 188 212 215 236 247 (fn 652) 284 316 Seng dkar Shā kya ‘od 190 463 Seven Sections on Accom-plishment 2 3 single taste 45 (fn 111) 148 151 (fn 402) Six Dharmas of Nāropa 313 six perfections 71 72 264 Six Works on Essential Mean-ing 2-4

sky-goer 184 187 sTag tshang Lo tsā ba 79 suchness

approached by pith instruc-tions 213-214 as the basis of self-empow-erment 215 (fn 570) as Bhagavatī 153 as bodhicitta 222 227 as cause 123 130 212 as dharmakāya 148 151 (fn 402) as the nature of desire 265 as self-awareness 218 as true reality/emptiness 102 108 114 153 213 237 239 251 as the union of dependent arising and emptiness/the two truths 216 219 222 239 in accordance with Madh-yamaka 102 108 114 purification by suchness 189 realization of suchness 201 213 214 stainless suchness as enlight-enment 214

superimposition 9 18 72 80 82 84-87 89 90 92 108 (fn 281) 115 156 158 171 259 316 317 svābhāvikakāya 74 84 109 148 151 (fn 402) 193 225 417 421 473 svalakṣaṇa 78 121 (fn 317) Svātantrika 78 79 tantric consort,

see karmamudrā *Tattvadaśakaṭīkā 3 (fn 17) 12 18 86 92 93 194 (fn 509) 513

578 INDEX

(fn 564) 215 220 231 239 243 (fn 644) 258 (fn 689) Tattvāvatāra x 42 (fn 105) 238-240 third dharmacakra 19 88 90 92 115 318 three codes 293 three nature theory

dependent nature 104 imagined nature 85 104

Ti pi ‘Bum la ‘bar see ‘Bum la ‘bar

Ti pu pa 34 (fn 85) Triṃśikā 69 true reality

and the apparent 98 approached by analysis 4 213 approached directly 4 21 78 84 102 114 130 (fn 344) 213 214 270 317 as bliss 181-182 as buddha nature 88 93 as emptiness/non-arising 72 153 165 182 as luminosity 92 218 as mind’s true nature 84 as the nature of insight and means 183 as non-abiding 1 71 beyond permanence and ni-hilism 259 concepts about true reality 199 free from superimposition/ fabrication/extremes 72 82 83 84 259 gradual/instantaneous ap-proach to true reality 77

in Madhyamaka 70 82 102 108 163 165 in mahāmudrā 109 114 116 189 in the Tattvadaśaka 213-239 is inexpressible 133 (fn 345) knowledge of true reality 90 193 194 (fn 509) realizing true reality from a prajñā 187

Tshul khrims rgyal ba 77 140 157 161 166 171 177 213 (fn 563) 369 388 414 431 436 441 446 450 488 Tsong kha pa 78 80 unmattavrata

see yogic conduct Vairocana 9 14 104 134 (fn 350) 137 143 149 151 405 406 409 418 421 Vajraśekhara 97 Vaiśeṣika 63 64 (fn 153) 348 349 Vasubandhu 66 252 Veda 29 Vedānta 63 (fn 151) 69 70 (fn 177) 358 Vibhūticandra 11 13 22 311 vidyā

see awareness consort view, meditation and conduct 112 293 Vijñānabhairava 63 (fn 152) Vikramalaśīla 24 30 (fn 73) 47 vilakṣaṇa 10 (fn 28) 11 127 386 391 457 469 Vimalakīrtinirdeśasūtra 43 326 Viṃśatikā 66 Viniścayasaṃgrahaṇī 250

INDEX 579

vipaśyanā see deep insight

virama 11 120 (fn 313) 311 (fn 742) 312 391 visualized consort 17 139 (fn 370) 188 191 wisdom

accumulation of merit and wisdom 7 47 281 actual/real wisdom 13 127 128 144 293 arises in dependence 199 as bliss 10 (fn 28) 120 270 289 300 as mahāmudrā 126 237 as the nature of empower-ment 126 as the nature of Vajrasattva 119 channels and winds of wis-dom 278 303 effortless wisdom 72 86 107 113 emptiness possessing wisdom 290 exemplifying wisdom 13 293 eye of wisdom 299 fivefold wisdom 125 Hevajratantra is like wisdom 36 in Yogācāra 68 95 96 165 170 inconceivable wisdom 86 113 114 indivisible wisdom 136 inseparable from emptiness and compassion 43 97 136 137 195 last of ten perfections 8 52

liberating wisdom 273 mental imprints as wisdom 280 naturally arisen wisdom 63 (fn 149) 209 non-cognizing wisdom 63 non-conceptual wisdom 116 117 251 (fn 671) 252 253 254 (fn 679) 257 non-dual wisdom 203 281 298 310 not an object of the intellect 297 of discriminating awareness 256 of enlightenment 51 307 of Pratyekabuddhas 64 of self-awareness 36 prajñā-wisdom 3 13 109 110 127 134 139 140 (fn 373) 141 142 144 412 realizing the union of the arisen and unarisen 177-178 self-arisen wisdom 63 (fn 148) sun of wisdom 276 308 vivid presence of wisdom 289 wisdom-fire 253 wisdom-lamp 274 278 297 305 309 without meditation and dis-traction 291

Ye shes sde 78 79 yi dam

see deities yoga

ati-yoga 125 (fn 331) deity yoga 142

580 INDEX

dream yoga 289 forceful (haṭha) yoga 120 122 391 394 Highest Yoga Tantra 2 30 (fn 74) in Pāramitānaya 237 inconceivable yoga 269 initial yoga 125 (fn 331) masters of yoga 293 not determined to yoga 55 of drops 125 (fn 331) of completion stage 247 of purification 261 of realization 261 of realizing non-dual reality 237 270 of the supreme king of activi-ty 125 (fn 330) of the supreme king of the maṇḍala 125 (fn 330) 349 subtle yoga 125 (fn 330) 349 supreme yoga 172 238 Yoga Tantra 109 127 third yogasthāna in ŚBh 250 without effort 169 287

Yogācāra 8-10 15 (fn 35) 18 23 (fn 48) 59 60 66 67 72 77 78 80 99 (fn 255) 164 205 211 264 317 342 352 354 439 Yogācāra-Madhyamaka 80 yogic conduct 45 212 214 (fn 567) 215 (fn 570) 282 yuganaddha

see indivisible union Yuktiṣaṣṭikā 23 (fn 48) 100 152