जन जागरूकता ई-संवाद प...india's chandrayaan-2 mission has caught...

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�य पाठक�, यह अतूबर क ु छ �विशट रहा । यह 50वां अतूबर था, जब भारत ने अपना �थम वा�ण�यक नािभक�य �व�ुत उपादन तारापुर, महारा� म शु �कया। तारापुर म � दो वथन जल �रएटर (�येक 160 मेगावाट) जो देश को नािभक�य �व�ुत युग म लेकर गए, आज भी रा� क� सेवा कर रहे ह�। इन इकाइय�ारा अब तक लगभग एक लाख िमिलयन यूिनट ह�रत �व�ुत का आपूित �कया जा चुका है। 50 वष एवं अब तक गणना जार� है ! एिशया म� सबसे पुराना ताप�बघ-1व2, नािभक�य �व�ुत उपादन म भारत क े िनकलंक संरा �रकॉड का �माण ह �। पढ़कर आनं �दत हअय, जन जागकता सिमित कु ल उपा�दत �व�ुत इकाई 37, 960 िमिलयन यूिनट के के एनपीपी �ारा कुल CO 2 उसजन म� कमी 32,607,920 टन नोट: कोयले एवं नािभक�य ऊजा के औसत जीवन च�ीन हाउस गैस उसजन �मश: 888 एवं 29 (टन/गीगावाट घंटा) है। जलवायु प�रवतन आज वै �क पयावरण मु � म� सवािधक महवपूण है। नािभक�य �व�ुत यूनतम काबन �ौ�ोिग�कयम� से एक है जो बढ़ती ह ई आबाद� एवं सामा�जक-आिथक �वकास के िलए �व�ुत उपादन करते ह ए �ीन हाउस गैस(जीएचजी) के उसजन (अिधकतर CO 2 ) म� कमी लाती है। CO 2 के उसजन म� कमी लाने म� के के एनपीपी का योगदान (�दनांक 31 अतूबर 2019 को) अब तक इस �कार है। अतूबर 2019 के �विशट �बंद के के एनपीपी का जलवायु प�रवतन के यूनकरण म� योगदान 1 2 74,007 जन जागकता �काशन �वत�रत �कए गए 3 1,536 घंट� का जन संपक, 8,353 लोग� से संपक केकेएनपीपी थल पर 20 और थल के बाहर 4 जन संपक काय�म आयो�जत �कए गए तैयारकता एवं संपादक: के.बी. जाशी, �भार� अिधकार�, ट�एलड� �योगशाला [email protected] पुनर�णकता : पी. पडारम, सदय सिचव, जन जागकता सिमित [email protected] आर. रामदास, �िशण अधीक एवं अय, जन जागकता सिमित [email protected] जार�कता : संजय कु मार, थल िनदेशक, के के एनपीपी थल जन जागकता ई-संवाद प� कु डनकु लम यू�लयर पॉवर �ोजेट अतूबर 2019 अंक – 88 इस अंक म� : नािभक�य समाचार नािभक�य नारे माह के दौरान पीए गित�विधयां �वशेष आलेख नािभक�य सामाय ान तकनीक� सनािभक�य आंकड़ा कोश शद कोश जनता का �वचार

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  • ��य पाठक�,यह अक् तूबर कुछ �विशष् ट रहा । यह 50वां अक् तूबर था, जब भारत ने अपना �थम वा�ण�ज् य क नािभक�य �व�ुत उत् पादन तारापुर, महाराष् � म� शुरू �कया। तारापुर म� दो क् वथन जल �रएक् टर (�त् येक 160 मेगावाट) जो देश को नािभक�य �व�ुत युग म� लेकर गए, आज भी राष् � क� सेवा कर रहे ह�। इन इकाइय� �ारा अब तक लगभग एक लाख िमिलयन यूिनट ह�रत �व�ुत का आपूितर् �कया जा चुका है। 50 वषर् एवं अब तक गणना जार� है ! एिशया म� सबस ेपुराना ताप�बघ-1व2, नािभक�य �व�ुत उत् पादन म� भारत के िनष् कलंक संरक्षा �रकॉडर् का �माण ह�। पढ़कर आनं�दत ह�…

    अध् यक्ष, जन जागरूकता सिमित

    कुल उत् पा�दत �व�ुत इकाई 37, 960िमिलयन यूिनट

    केकेएनपीपी �ारा कुल CO2 उत् सजर्न म� कमी 32,607,920 टननोट: कोयल ेएवं नािभक�य ऊजार् के औसत जीवन च� �ीन हाउस गैस उत् सजर्न �मश: 888 एव ं29 (टन/गीगावाट घंटा) है।

    जलवाय ु प�रवतर्न आज व�ै�क पयार्वरण म�ु� म� सवार्िधक महत् वपणूर् है। नािभक�य �व�तु न् यनूतम काबर्न �ौ�ोिग�कय� म� से एक है जो बढ़ती हुई आबाद� एवं सामा�जक-आिथर्क �वकास के िलए �व�तु उत् पादन करते हुए �ीन हाउस गैस� (जीएचजी) के उत् सजर्न (अिधकतर CO2) म� कमी लाती है।CO2 के उत् सजर्न म� कमी लाने म� केकेएनपीपी का योगदान (�दनांक 31 अक् तूबर 2019 को) अब तक इस �कार है।

    अक् तूबर 2019 के �विशष् ट �बंदु

    केकेएनपीपी का जलवायु प�रवतर्न के न् यूनकरण म� योगदान

    1

    2

    74,007 जन जागरूकता �काशन �वत�रत �कए गए3

    1,536 घंट� का जन संपकर् , 8,353 लोग� से संपकर्

    केकेएनपीपी स् थल पर 20 और स् थल के बाहर 4 जन सपंकर् कायर्�म आयो�जत �कए गए

    तयैारकतार् एव ंसपंादक:

    के.बी. जाशी, �भार� अिधकार�, ट�एलड� �योगशाला [email protected]

    पनुर�क्षणकतार् :

    पी. पण् डारम, सदस् य सिचव, जन जागरूकता सिमित[email protected]

    आर. रामदास, �िशक्षण अधीक्षक एव ंअध् यक्ष, जन जागरूकता सिमित [email protected]

    जार�कतार्:

    सजंय कुमार, स् थल िनदेशक, केकेएनपीपी स् थल

    जन जागरूकता ई-सवंाद प�कुडनकुलम न् यू�क्लयर पॉवर �ोजेक् ट

    अक् तबूर 2019 अकं – 88

    इस अंक म�:

    नािभक�य समाचार

    नािभक�य नारे

    माह के दौरान पीए गित�विधयां

    �वशेष आलेख

    नािभक�य सामान् य ज्ञान

    तकनीक� स�

    नािभक�य आकंड़ा कोश

    शब् द कोश

    जनता का �वचार

  • Public Awareness e-NewsletterKudankulam Nuclear Power Project

    October 2019 Issue – 88

    Dear Readers,

    This October was something special. It was the 50thOctober since India began its first commercial nuclearpower generation at Tarapur in Maharastra. The two BoilingWater Reactors (160 MWe each) in Tarapur that heraldedthe country into an era of nuclear power are serving thenation even today. About one lakh million units of greenpower have been supplied by these units so far. 50 yearsand still counting! TAPS-1&2, oldest in Asia, are testimonyto India’s unblemished safety record in nuclear powergeneration. Read on happily.

    Source: en.wikipedia.org

    -Chairm an, PA Com m it tee

    Scientific classificationKingdom: Animalia

    Phylum: Chordata

    Class: Aves

    Order: Passeriformes

    Family: Cisticolidae

    Genus: Orthotomus

    Species: O.sutoriusBinomial name:

    Orthotomus sutorius

    In this issue:

    Public voiceTechnical session

    Nuclear Database

    Nuclear NewsNuclear Slogan

    PA activity during the month

    Feature article

    Nuclear Trivia

    Lexicon

    No.of units of electricity generated

    37,960Million Units

    Total CO2 emissions avoided by KKNPP

    32,607,920Tonnes

    Note: Average lifecycle GHG emissions for Coal &Nuclear is 888 & 29 (tonnes/GWh) respectively.

    Climate change is the foremost globalenvironmental issue today. Nuclear power isone of the low carbon technologies that cancontribute to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG)emissions (mostly CO2) while generatingelectricity for growing populations andsocioeconomic development. KKNPPscontribution in preventing the CO2 emissions tillnow (As on Oct 31, 2019) is given below.

    Spotlight of October 2019

    KKNPP ‘s contribution to climate change mitigation

    A glimpse of Tailorbirdat KK Site

    1

    2

    74,007 PA Publications distributed3

    1,536 hours of PublicOutreach, reaching 8,353 people

    20 on-site & 4 Off-site outreachprogramme organised

    Myths linked to nuclear energy

    should be busted

    Photography by K.B.Jashi, OIC, TLD Laboratory, KKNPP

    Sh Jitendra SinghUnion Minister for

    Atomic Energy and Space

    (Source : Wikipedia, www.financialexpre

    ss.com dated Oct 19, 2019)

    “With rising focus onreducing thedependency oncarbon-based fuel forelectricitygeneration, nuclearpower should begiven moreimportance, andawareness needs tobe created amongthe public to bust themyths associatedwith the use ofnuclear energy.

    "

  • Page 2 of 15

    Site visit commences witha structured lectureprogramme for about twohours on nuclear energy &safety features of KKNPPwith relevance to theevents at Fukushima andalso addresses the queriesmainly related toprotection of marineorganism and handling ofwaste. They are then takento Model room forfamiliarization of sitelayout, simulator facility tovisualize the functioningof safety systems andhealth physics trainingfacility to understand theconcept of radiation safetyduring normal operation& abnormal situation.Subsequently they aretaken to the Intakestructure and Desalinationplant. This programmeconcludes with a feedbacksession. Two of thefeedback received fromthe visitors are given inthis section.

    Public Voice

  • Page 3 of 15

    NPCIL Mission:To develop nuclear powertechnology and to produceNuclear Power as asafe, environmentally benignand economically viablesource of electrical energy tomeet the increasing needs ofcountry.

    Technical session - VVER Technology

    (Source: S.S. Bajaj, et al. (The Indian PHWR, Sep 2005; www.sciencedirect.com )

    Poland’s richest man teams up with GE Hitachi

    on nuclear reactor

    To be continued in Nov 2019

    Continued fromSep 2019

    Indian PHWR design and its evolution:

    Michal SolowowPolish businessman &

    rally driverSource: www.ft.com, https://echodnia.eu

    "Small modular reactors canplay a significant role inaddressing Poland’s energychallenges, the modernisation ofthe nation’s energy sector and inachieving necessary andresponsible deepdecarbonisation.

    Utilising small modular reactorsto generate clean energy willimprove our chances to moveaway from coal and have apositive impact on our industryand nation.”

    Siting and plant layout:

    Typical plant layout for Indian PHWRs is based on a twin-unitconcept. Fig. 1 shows the layout of the 540MWe PHWRStation (Tarapur Atomic Power Plant #3 and 4). Most plantsystems including all systems important to safety are unitizedto enable independence of each unit.

    Some of the principles adopted in the layout are outlinedbelow:(i) The plant areas are separated into nuclear and non-

    nuclear islands.(ii) All safety related systems and components have been

    appropriately grouped and placed in structures ofappropriate safety class.

    (iii) The seismic class of structures is commensurate with theseismic class of equipment housed in them.

  • Page 4 of 15

    Regional Distribution of Nuclear Power Plants:

    New connections to the grid: (Year 2019)

    Source: https://pris.iaea.org/PRISUpdated as on November 14, 2019

    Current Status:

    449

    398 887 MWe

    53

    NUCLEAR POWER REACTORSIN OPERATION

    TOTAL NET INSTALLEDCAPACITY

    NUCLEAR POWER REACTORSUNDER CONSTRUCTION

    Country No. of Reactors MWe

    ARGENTINA 3 1633ARMENIA 1 375BELGIUM 7 5918BRAZIL 2 1884BULGARIA 2 1966CANADA 19 13554CHINA 48 45518CZECH REPUBLIC 6 3932FINLAND 4 2784FRANCE 58 63130GERMANY 7 9515HUNGARY 4 1902INDIA 22 6255IRAN 1 915JAPAN 37 35947KOREA 25 23784MEXICO 2 1552NETHERLANDS 1 482PAKISTAN 5 1318ROMANIA 2 1300RUSSIA 36 28355SLOVAKIA 4 1814SLOVENIA 1 688SOUTH AFRICA 2 1860SPAIN 7 7121SWEDEN 8 8613SWITZERLAND 5 3333TAIWAN 4 3844UKRAINE 15 13107UK 15 8923USA 96 97565Total 449 398887

    18 253REACTOR-YEARS OFOPERATION

    Nuclear Database

    Source: https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS

    NOVOVORONEZH 2-2 PWR, Model: VVER V-392M, RUSSIA

    1114 MW(e)First Criticality Date: 22 Mar 2019First Grid Connection: 1 May 2019

    SHIN-KORI-4 PWR; Model : APR-1400, REP OF KOREA

    1340 MW(e)First Criticality Date: 08 Apr 2019First Grid Connection: 22 Apr 2019

    TAISHAN-2 PWR, CHINA

    (1660 MW(e)First Criticality Date: 28 May, 2019First Grid Connection: 23 Jun, 2019

    YANGJIANG-6 PWR, CHINA

    (1000 MW(e), First Criticality Date: 22 Jun, 2019First Grid Connection: 29 Jun, 2019

    https://pris.iaea.org/PRIShttps://pris.iaea.org/PRIS

  • Page 5 of 15

    Kozloduy unit 6 clear to operate for another 10 years Oct 02

    Nuclear News

    India's Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter at the Moon Is Now Tracking SolarFlares Oct 11

    Source: www.itnonline.com

    Bulgaria’s Nuclear RegulatoryAgency (NRA) has granted a 10-year extension to the operatinglicence of unit 6 at the Kozloduynuclear power unit. The Russiandesign VVER-1000 in northernBulgaria started operation in 1991and can now continue generatingelectricity until October 2029.

    The Kozloduy plant has six pressurised water reactors. Unit 5, which alsohas a capacity of 1000 MWe, was connected to the grid in 1987, and in2017 its service life was extended until 2027.

    CNL charts path to microgrids, the 'Holiest Grail' in clean energy Oct 09Canadian Nuclear Laboratories(CNL) is working towards thefuture of nuclear by enhancingexisting technology; developingadvanced technologies, such assmall modular reactors (SMRs);and assessing how all low-carbontechnologies can be integratedwithin 'microgrids', CNL

    India's Chandrayaan-2 mission hascaught measurements of a fewsolar flares on Sept. 30 and Oct. 1.The measurements come courtesyof an instrument designed to helpidentify elements on the lunarsurface. The Chandrayaan-2instrument that gathered themeasurements is called the Solar X-ray Monitor, which partners with an

    instrument called Chandrayaan-2 Large Area Soft X-ray Spectrometer, orCLASS. Both devices measure X-rays; the Solar X-ray Monitor directlymeasures those coming from the sun, and CLASS measures those bouncingoff the moon. By comparing the two measurements when the spacecraft ismore or less directly between the sun and the moon, scientists candetermine how the lunar surface responds to X-ray light and, in turn, whichelements are present. Source: www.space.com

    Source: www.world-nuclear-news.org

    Czech Republic needs morenuclear units, report shows

    Oct 22

    President and CEO Mark Lesinski said today. The use of hydrogen formicrogrids is CNL's "highest aspiration, the Holiest Grail", he tolddelegates at the International Conference on Climate Change and theRole of Nuclear Power being held this week at the International AtomicEnergy Agency's headquarters in Vienna.

    The Czech Republic will need tobuild not only one new unit atits Dukovany nuclear powerplant, but also more reactors atTemelín if it is to avoidbecoming dependent onelectricity imports from2030, Deputy Prime Ministerand Minister of Industry andTrade Karel Havlíček saidyesterday. Havlíček cited thelatest Mid-term AdequacyForecast (MAF CZ 2019)published on 18 October byhigh-voltage grid operatorČEPS.Source: www.world-nuclear-news.org/

    Source: www.world-nuclear-news.org

    The reaction yielded 46 trillionneutrons per second, eclipsingthe previous record by nearly25 % and setting a newstandard for neutron generatortechnology that is expected toenable further advances inmedicine, manufacturing andclean energy. The world-recordproves the acceleratortechnology is suitable toproduce medical isotopes at thescale required to support arobust business case.

    Kostov presenting the licence to Mihov yesterday (Image: NRA)

    CNL's Mark Lensinski speaking at the IAEA conference (Image: J Cobb)

    Dukovany nuclear power plant (Image: ČEZ)

    World Record for Strongest NuclearFusion Reaction in a Steady-StateSystem Achieved by Phoenix andShine Oct 25

    An artist's depiction of the Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft orbiting the moon. (Image: © ISRO)

    http://www.itnonline.com/

  • Page 6 of 15

    As a part of Public Awareness programme, Students and staff ofSchools and Colleges and public from Tirunelveli, Tuticorin andKanyakumari districts and also from Kerala state visited KKNPP Site.They were familiarized with the nuclear power plant and Safetyfeatures of KKNPP in particular reference to the events at Fukhushima(Japan) and radiation safety during normal and abnormal operation ofNuclear power plant.

    Reactor construction starts in 2018

    Nuclear Slogan

    PA activity conducted at KKNPP SiteAt

    site

    Source: world-nuclear-news.org, www.conservationinstitute.org

    Source: World Nuclear Association

    With a combined capacityof 6,279 MWe, constructionstarted on five reactors in2018, including Akkuyu1, the first reactor in Turkeyand Hinkley Point C-1, thefirst reactor to beginconstruction in the UK sinceSizewell B, 30 yearspreviously. Rooppur 2 isBangladesh’s secondnuclear reactor underconstruction, following itssister unit, which startedconstruction in 2017.Reactor/

    TypeCountry/Capacity

    Start of construction

    Akkuyu 1

    VVER

    Turkey

    1114 MWe

    3 Apr 2018

    Hinkley Point C-1

    PWR

    United Kingdom

    1630 MWe

    11 Dec 2018

    Kursk II-1

    VVER

    Russia

    1115 MWe

    29 Apr 2018

    Rooppur2

    VVER

    Bangladesh

    1080 MWe

    14 Jul 2018

    Shin Kori6

    PWR

    South Korea

    1340 MWe

    20 Sep 20185

    1

    4

    8

    2

    199

    52

    84

    465

    103

    1856

    169

    768

    5304

    890

    1 10 100 1000 10000

    Engineering College

    Management Education

    Public

    School

    Science College

    Publications distributed No.of participants Program organised

  • Page 7 of 15 At site

    Few glimpses from Site Visit

    Nadar Matric. Hr.Sec. School,Rajapalayam,

    Virudhunagar (October 03)

    Control Institute of Plastic Engineering & Technology,

    Chennai (October 03)

    Army personnel stationedat KK Site, Kudankulam, Tirunelveli (October 08)

    Family members of KKNPP staff, Tirunelveli

    (October 08)

    Staffs from NCC XI TN BN, Nagercoil,Nagercoil,

    Kanyakumari (October 01)

    J.K.K. Munirajah College of Technology, Erode

    (October 09)

  • Page 8 of 15 At site

    Few glimpses from Site Visit

    Vivekanada College ofArts & Science for Women,

    Namakkal (October 16)

    Senaithalaivar Hr.Sec.School, V K Puram, Tirunelveli (October 17)

    Dr.Kumaraswami Health Centre-college of

    Nursing, Kottaram, Kanyakumari (October 15)

    Udaya School of Engineering, Vellamodi,

    Kanyakumari (October 11)

    Vivekanada College of Arts & Science for

    Women, Namakkal(October 10)

    Trinity college of Engineering, Trivandrum,

    Kerala (October 14)

  • Page 9 of 15 At site

    Few glimpses from Site Visit

    Staffs from TWS (Tamil Nadu Water Supply),

    Tuticorin (October 19)

    Staffs from Johns Central School, Anjugramam,

    Kanyakumari (October 19)

    Visit of subcollector, Cheranmahadevi

    (October 17)

    Green Valley School, Bengaluru (October 18)

    KVT Matriculation Hr.Sec.School,

    Madurai (October 22)

  • Page 10 of 15 At site

    Few glimpses from Site Visit

    Govt. Hr.Sec. School, Mudaliyarpatti, Tirunelveli (October 29)

    Kanyakumari Public School, Kanyakumari

    (October 24)

    Johns Central School, Anjugramam,

    Kanyakumari (October 30)

    Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education,

    Kumarakovil, Kanyakumari (October 25)

    Guhan Matriculation Hr.Sec.School,

    Madurai (October 23)

  • Page 11 of 15

    MWNuclear

    Terminology

    More on MW

    Lexicon

    Megawatt, million times the power unit of watt (W).1 MW = 1 000 kW = 1 000 000 W.

    Many events or machines produce or sustain the conversion ofenergy on this scale, including large electric motors; largewarships such as aircraft carriers, cruisers, and submarines;large server farms or data centers; and some scientific researchequipment, such as supercolliders, and the output pulses ofvery large lasers. A large residential or commercial building mayuse several megawatts in electric power and heat. Onrailways, modern high-powered electric locomotives typicallyhave a peak power output of 5 or 6 MW, while some producemuch more. The Eurostar, for example, uses more than12 MW, while heavy diesel-electric locomotives typicallyproduce/use 3 to 5 MW. U.S. nuclear power plants have netsummer capacities between about 500 and 1300 MW.

    The watt is named after theScottish inventor JamesWatt.

    The watt (symbol: W) is aunit of power. In theInternational System of Units(SI) it is defined as a derivedunit of 1 joule persecond, and is used toquantify the rate of energytransfer. In dimensionalanalysis, power is describedby M L 2 T − 3.

    In terms ofelectromagnetism, one wattis the rate at which electricalwork is performed when acurrent of one ampere (A)flows across an electricalpotential difference of onevolt (V), meaning the watt isequivalent to the volt-ampere.

    1 W = 1 V x 1 A

    Conventions in the electric powerindustry:In the electric powerindustry, megawatt electrical (MWe)refers by convention to the electricpower produced by a generator,

    while megawatt thermal or thermalmegawatt (MWt, or MWth) refers tothermal power produced by the plant.

    Each unit of Kudankulam nuclear power plant generate3000 MWt (i.e. heat), which produce steam to drive aturbine, which generates 1000 MWe (i.e. electricity).

    Source: www.euronuclear.org , Wikipedia

    Portrait of James Watt (1736–1819)by Carl Frederik von Breda

  • Page 12 of 15

    Date Organisation No of participantsPublications distributed

    Oct 03-05 Nandha Engineering College 4000 35510Oct 14-15 Rohini College of Engineering 2800 29510

    Oct 21 Manonmaniam SundaranarUniversity 150 -

    Oct 25 Balaiah Marthandam Matric. HSC 500 -

    Total 7450 65020

    Outside KKNPP

    PA outreach programme conducted outside KKNPP:

    Few glimpses

    As a part of PA outreachactivity, Seminars, Workshop, Lectures andexhibitions wereconducted atEducational Institutionsand Organizations.

    PA Exhibition at Nandha Engineering College, Erodeduring Oct 03-05, 2019

    KKNPP established a stallduring the celebration ofInnovation Day at NandhaEngineering College(Autonomous), Erode todemonstrate the importanceof Nuclear Energy & Safetyfeatures of KKNPP.S.Anandan, OIC, NIC, KKNPPdelivered a guest lectureduring the programme.

    PA Exhibition at Nandha

    Engineering College, Erode

    No.of participants 4000Publications distribute 35510

    PA Exhibition at Rohini College of Engineering and Technology,Kanyakumari during Oct 14-15, 2019

    Date: Oct 03-05, 2019

    Rohini College ofEngineering &Technology, Kanyakumariorganised a science &technology competition andexhibition. KKNPP exhibiteda model and exhibits duringthe exhibition todisseminate the importanceof Nuclear Energy.

    No.ofparticipants 2800

    Publications distribute 29510

    PA exhibition at Rohini College

    of Engineering and Technology,

    Kanyakumari

  • Page 13 of 15Few glimpses

    M.S University, Tirunelveliorganised Inspire programduring Oct 18-21, 2019 forschool children topopularize the benefits ofscience to society.

    Sh P. Panadaram,Scientific Officer-G, TLDLaboratory, KKNPPdelivered an inspirationalspeech to the students onNuclear Science on Oct21, 2019 during theprogram. About 150students participatedduring the programme.

    PA lecture at Manonmaniam Sundaranar University On Oct 21, 2019

    Date: Oct 21, 2019

    Outside KKNPP

    School Day was celebratedat Balaiah MarthandamMatric. HSS, Avaraikulam,Tirunelveli on Oct 25, 2019.

    Shri B. Vijayakumar, OIC,ESL, KKNPP delivered amotivational lecture to thestudents on “NuclearEnergy & Environments”during the function. About500 students participatedduring the programme.

    PA lecture at Balaiah Marthandam Matric. HSS, Avaraikulamon Oct 25, 2019

    PA lectureat

    ManonmaniamSundaranarUniversity

    PA lectureAt Balaiah

    MarthandamMatric. HSSAvaraikulam

  • Page 14 of 15

    Did you know? Source: World Nuclear Association

    'Clean Coal' Technologies

    Source: https://www.skepticalscience.com

    Feature article

    Thorium fuel cycle —Potential benefits

    To be continued in Nov 2019Source: International Atomic Energy Agency

    Continued from Sep 2019

    North America:

    The US Department of Energy (DOE) has said that fundingwould be made available to assist other projects that aim toadd carbon capture and storage (CCS) to existing coalplants, but will no longer include hydrogen production aspart of the project. Over half of the CO2 capture projects indevelopment or operation globally are in North America, andall but one of these is oriented to provide CO2 for enhancedoil recovery (EOR).Duke Energy Corp in the USA is building a $3 billion, 618MWe, IGCC plant at Edwardsport, Indiana ($4850/kW). Thisis a regulated plant, but Duke says that consumers will not beasked to pay for more than $2.72 billion of its finalconstruction cost, excluding financing.

    In Texas, the Petra Nova project near Houston, a partnershipof the US DOE, NRG Energy and JX Nippon, is set up tocapture 1.4 million tonnes of CO2 per year (90%) from NRG'sWA Parish 240 MWe power plant and use it for enhanced oilrecovery. In a post-combustion process the flue gas is cooledand the CO2 removed by amine scrubbing. The CO2 isreleased from the solvent with low-pressure steam. ThePetra Nova Parish plant started up late in 2016 on time andon budget, and is the largest post-combustion carboncapture project installed on an existing coal-fuelled powerplant.

    Other demonstration projects:

    The integrated gasification combined cycle technology on site. Photo courtesy of Duke Energy, Source: www.power-eng.com

    Better thermo-physical properties and chemical stability of ThO2, as compared to UO2, which ensures better in-pile performance and a more stable waste form

    Lesser long lived minor actinides than the traditional uranium fuel cycle

    Superior plutonium incineration in (Th, Pu)O2 fuel as compared to (U, Pu)O2

    Intrinsic proliferation resistance of thorium fuel cycle due to the presence of 232U

    Attractive features of thorium related to accelerated driven system (ADS) and energy amplifier (EA)

    https://www.skepticalscience.com/http://www.power-eng.com/http://www.power-eng.com/http://www.power-eng.com/

  • Prepared & Edited by:

    K.B.Jashi, OIC, TLD Lab [email protected]

    Reviewed by:

    P.Pandaram, Member Secretary, PA [email protected]

    R. RamdossTraining Superintendent & Chairman, PA Committee [email protected]

    Issued by:

    Sanjay Kumar Site Director, KK Site

    Contact details:

    Public Awareness Committee Kudankulam Nuclear Power ProjectKudankulam-627106 E-Mail: [email protected]

    Page 15 of 15

    What is a coronal massejection (CME)?

    Trivia

    Coronal mass ejections (or CMEs) are hugebubbles of gas threaded with magnetic field linesthat are ejected from the Sun over the course ofseveral hours. They often follow solar flares andare normally present during a solarprominence eruption. The plasma is released intothe solar wind, and can be observedin coronagraph imagery.

    Nuclear Trivia

    . Source: https://earthsky.org/Wikipedia, NASA,

    The Difference BetweenFlares and CMEs:

    The differences betweenthe two types of explosionscan be seen through solartelescopes, with flaresappearing as a bright lightand CMEs appearing asenormous fans of gasswelling into space.Flares and CMEs havedifferent effects at Earth aswell. The energy from aflare can disrupt the areaof the atmosphere throughwhich radio waves travel.This can lead todegradation and, atworst, temporaryblackouts in navigation andcommunications signals.

    On the other hand, CMEscan funnel particles intonear-Earth space. A CMEcan jostle Earth’s magneticfields creating currentsthat drive particles downtoward Earth's poles.When these react withoxygen and nitrogen, theyhelp create the aurora.Additionally, the magneticchanges can affect avariety of humantechnologies. Highfrequency radio waves canbe degraded: Radiostransmit static, and GPScoordinates stray by a fewyards. The magneticoscillations can also createelectrical currents in utilitygrids on Earth that canoverload electrical systemswhen power companiesare not prepared.

    Coronal mass ejections release largequantities of matter and electromagneticradiation into space above the Sun'ssurface, The ejected material is a magnetizedplasma consisting primarilyof electrons and protons. While theterrestrial effects of solar flares are very fast(limited by the speed of light), CMEs arerelatively slow, developing at the Alfvénspeed. There are many kinds of eruptions onthe sun. Solar flares and coronal massejections both involve gigantic explosions ofenergy, but are otherwise quite different. Thestrongest flares are almost always correlatedwith coronal mass ejections. Flares can lastminutes to hours and they containtremendous amounts of energy. Traveling atthe speed of light, it takes eight minutes forthe light from a solar flare to reach Earth.

    Coronal mass ejection of February 27, 2000. Adisk is being used to block out the light of thesun. The white circle indicates the sun’ssurface. Image via NASA’s Solar andHeliospheric Observatory (SOHO).

    mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]

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