arya putra widyadmaja 145040201111209 u1

8/16/2019 Arya Putra Widyadmaja 145040201111209 u1

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arya-putra-widyadmaja-145040201111209-u1 1/39

LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM DASAR BUDUDAYA TANAMAN

“MEDIA DAN BAHAN TANAM”

NAMA : ARYA PUTRA W.

NIM : 145040201111209

KELAS : U1

ASISTEN : ALIF R.

PROGRAM STUDI AGROEKOTEKNOLOGI

FAKULTAS PERTANIAN

UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA

MALANG

2015



BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Bea!a"#

Set$a% ta"a&a" &e&er'!a" &e($a (a" )a*a" ta"a& +a"# ,e,'a$ '"t'!

&e"(a%at!a" %r-('! a!*$r +a"# &a!,$&a. Me($a ta"a& (a%at ($(e$"$,$!a"

,e)a#a$ te&%at t'&)'* !e&)a"# ta"a&a". Me($a ta"a& ,a"#at )er%era"

!are"a '"#,$"+a +a"# &e"+e($a!a" "'tr$,$ )a#$ ta"a&a"/ te&%at

)er!e&)a"#"+a %era!ara"/ te&%at ter,e($a"+a a$r ,erta %e"-%a"# ta"a&a"

a#ar t'&)'* te#a!. Saat $"$/ &e($a ta"a& t$(a! *a"+a )er'%a ta"a*. Pa,$r/ #e/

,ter--a&/ )at'/ ,e!a&/ ,er)'! !a+'/ (a" a$r (a%at ($&a"aat!a" ,e)a#a$&e($a ta"a&. A(a"+a $"-a,$ ter,e)'t a!a" &e"#'ra"#$ %e"##'"aa" ta"a*

(a" &e&a"aat!a" )a*a")a*a" ,$,a ,e*$"##a )a*a")a*a" ,$,a ter,e)'t a!a"

)er"$a$ e!-"-&$. Pe"##'"aa" &e($a ta"a& *ar', ($,e,'a$!a" (e"#a" e"$,

ta"a&a""+a. Kare"a &e($a ta"a& &er'%a!a" te&%at t$"##a ta"a&a".

Se)a#a$ te&%at t$"##a/ &e($a ta"a& *ar', ($(e,a$" ,e(e&$!$a" r'%a a#ar

ta"a&a" &era,a "+a&a". De"#a" (e&$!$a"/ *a,$ +a"# ($%er-e* a!a"

&a!,$&a. T$(a! *a"+a &e($a ta"a& +a"# *ar', ($%er*at$!a" a#ar ta"a&a"

t'&)'* ,e*at/ %e&$$*a" )a*a" ta"a& '#a *ar', ($%a*a&$. Ba*a" ta"a&

a(aa* )a#$a" ta"a&a" +a"# ($ta"a& (aa& &e($a ta"a&.Ba#$a" ta"a&a" $"$

(a%at )er'%a )$$/ t'"a,/ '&)$/ )ata"#/ a!ar/ (a" (a'".Daa& )a*a" ta"a&/

ter(a%at $,t$a* )e"$* (a")$)$t.Be"$* a(aa* )$$ +a"# &e"(a%at!a" %era!'a".

Se(a"#!a" )$)$t a(aa* ta"a&a" &'(a. U"t'! &e"(a%at!a" *a,$ %erta"$a"

+a"# &a!,$&a/ %e&$$*a" )a*a" ta"a& '#a *ar', ($,e,'a$!a" (e"#a" e"$,

ta"a&a""+a. M$,a"+a ta"a&a" %a($. B$$ %a($ *ar', ($,e&a$ &e"a($ )$)$t.

Ke&'($a"/ )ar' ($ta"a& ($ area ,a3a*. Sea$" $t'/ !'a$ta, #e"et$ (a" e"-t$%

)a*a" ta"a& %er' ($%er*at$!a" a#ar ta"a&a" &e&$$!$ !'a$ta, (a" !'a"t$ta,

+a"# )a$!.

1.2 T''a"



1. Me"#eta*'$ (a" &e&a*a&$ %e"#ert$a"/ '"#,$ (a" &aa&&aa& &e($a

ta"a&

2. Me"#eta*'$ (a" &e&a*a&$ %e"#ert$a" )a*a" ta"a&/ %er!ea&)a*a"/

)e"$*/ )$)$t/ )$$/ (a" %er)a"+a!a" e#etat$ (a" #e"erat$ . Me"#eta*'$ ,+arat &e($a ta"a& +a"# )a$!

4. Me"#eta*'$ &aa&&aa& t$%e %er!ea&)a*a" (a" %er!e&)a"#)$a!a"

e#etat$

5. Me"#eta*'$ (a" &e&a*a&$ !e'"t'"#a"/ !er'#$a" (a" a!t-r +a"#

&e&%e"#ar'$ !e)er*a,$a" %er)a"+a!a" e#etat$ (a" #e"erat$e



BAB II

TIN6AUAN PUSTAKA

2.1 Pe"#ert$a" Me($a Ta"a&

Me($a Ta"a& A(aa* te&%at '"t'! *$('%7t'&)'* )a#$ ta"a&a" &$,a"+a

ta"a*/ ara"# ,e!a& (. 8'!ar"a$"/ 2009

2.2 Pe"#ert$a" Ba*a" Ta"a&

Ba*a" ta"a& a(aa* )a*a" +a"# ($#'"a!a" '"t'! &e&'a$ !e*$('%a"

)ar' (ar$ ,'at' ta"aa" terte"t'/ )a*a" ta"a& (a%at )er'%a )e"$*/ )$)$t (a"

)$$. 8Da"-e,a,tr-/ 19;4

2. F'"#,$ Me($a Ta"a&

a. Te&%at )er($r$ te#a! ta"a&a"

<'!'% !'at &e&e#a"# ta"a&a" a#ar teta% te#a! 8&e($a '!'% )erat

ata' ($%er'!a" %e"+a"##a. A(a !e,e$&)a"#a" '!'ra" ta"a&a" (a"

BD 8B'! De",$t+ = Kera%a" Ma,,a &e($a.

). S'%a$ "'tr$,$7*ara

T-ta ,'%a$ ($)ata,$ -e* '!'ra" 3a(a*. >e* !are"a $t' &e($a

,e*ar',"+a &e&$$!$ <E< +a"# t$"##$ ? %H (aa& !ea(aa" -%t$&'&.

. Te&%at ,'%a$ a$r

P-r-,$ta, +a"# )a$! a!a" &e"+e($a!a" a$r (a" -!,$#e" +a"# '!'%

)a#$ %ert'&)'*a" ta"a&a". Aera,$ +a"# )a$! a!a" &e&%era"ar

re,%$ra,$ (a" &e"a&$" %er#era!a" <>2 '"t'! (a%at !e'ar (ar$

&e($a. 8Sa"t-,-/ 2010



2.4 Maa&&aa& Me($a Ta"a&

2.4.1 Me($a Ta"a& >r#a"$!

a. K-&%-,

K-&%-, a(aa* &e($a ta"a& +a"# )era,a (ar$ %r-,e, er&e"ta,$

ta"a&a" ata' $&)a* -r#a"$!/ ,e%ert$ era&$/ ,e!a&/(a'"/ r'&%'t/ (a"

,a&%a* !-ta. Kee)$*a" !-&%-, &a&%'&e"#e&)a$!a" !e,')'ra"

ta"a* &ea'$ %er)a$!a" ,$at ta"a*/)a$! $,$!/ !$&$a3$/ &a'%'"

)$--#$,.

). Se!a&

Se!a& %a($ a(aa* !'$t )$$ #a)a* ta"a&a" %a($. Se!a& %a($ )$,a

)er'%a ,e!a& )a!ar ata' ,e!a& &e"ta* 8t$(a! ($)a!ar+a"# &e&$$!$

t$"#!at %-r-,$ta, ,a&a. Pe"##'"aa" ,e!a& )a!ar'"t'! &e($a ta"a&

t$(a! %er' ($,ter$$,a,$ a#$ !are"a &$!r-)a%at-#e" tea* &at$ ,ea&a

%r-,e, %e&)a!ara". Se!a& )a!ar'#a &e&$$!$ !a"('"#a" !ar)-" 8<

+a"# t$"##$ Se!a& &e"ta*,e)a#a$ &e($a ta"a& &'(a* &e"#$!at a$r/

t$(a! &'(a* a%'!/&er'%a!a" ,'&)er !a$'& 8K +a"# ($)'t'*!a"

ta"a&a" (a"t$(a! &'(a* &e"##'&%a t ,e*$"##a a!ar ta"a&a" (a%at

t'&)'* (e"#a" ,e&%'r"a.

8W$r+a"ta/ 200@

2.4.2 Me($a Ta"a& A"-r#a"$!

a. Pa,$r

Pa,$r ,er$"# ($#'"a!a" ,e)a#a$ &e($a ta"a& ater"at$ '"t'!

&e"##a"t$!a" '"#,$ ta"a*. Sea'* $"$/ %a,$r ($a"##a% &e&a(a$(a"

,e,'a$ $!a ($#'"a!a" ,e)a#a$ &e($a '"t'! %e"+e&a$a")e"$*/

%ert'&)'*a" )$)$t ta"a&a"/ (a" %era!ara" ,ete! )ata"# ta"a&a".Pa,$r

&e&$$!$ %-r$ )er'!'ra" )e,ar 8&a!r- -e* !are"a $t' &'(a* )a,a*



(a" e%at !er$"# -e* %r-,e, %e"#'a%a". K-*e,$(a" !-",$,te",$

8!eta*a"a" ter*a(a% %r-,e, %e&$,a*a" %a,$r ,a"#at !e$ ,e*$"##a

&'(a* ter!$!$, -e* a$r ata' a"#$". Me($a %a,$r e)$* &e&)'t'*!a"

%e"#a$ra" (a" %e&'%'!a" +a"# e)$* $"te",$. Na&'" %a,$r

&e&'"#!$"!a" ta"a&a" +a"# ($ta"a& ($ &e($a $"$ &e&)'at

%era!ara" +a"# e)$* 'a, !are"a %a,$r e"(er'"# &'(a* ($te&)',

-e* a!ar.

). Ta"a*

Ta"a* $at &er'%a!a" e"$, ta"a* +a"# )er,te!t'r %a$"# *a', (a"

e"#!et ata' )er'&%'r. Kara!ter$,t$! (ar$ ta"a* $at a(aa* &e&$$!$

%-r$%-r$ )er'!'ra" !e$ 8%-r$%-r$ &$!r- +a"# e)$* )a"+a! (ar$

%a(a %-r$%-r$ +a"# )er'!'ra" )e,ar 8%-r$%-r$ &a!r- ,e*$"##a

&e&$$!$ !e&a&%'a" &e"#$!at a$r +a"# '!'% !'at. P-r$%-r$ &$!r-

a(aa* %-r$%-r$ *a', +a"# )er$,$ a$r !a%$er ata' '(ara. Se&e"tara

%-r$%-r$ &a!r- a(aa* %-r$%-r$ !a,ar +a"# )er$,$ '(ara ata' a$r

#ra$ta,$ +a"# &'(a* *$a"#. R'a"# (ar$ ,et$a% %-r$%-r$ &$!r-

)er'!'ra" ,a"#at ,e&%$t ,e*$"##a &e"+e)a)!a" ,$r!'a$, ata' '(ara

&e"a($ a&)a". Pa(a (a,ar"+a/ ta"a* $at )er,$at &$,!$" '",'r *ara

,e*$"##a %er' ($!-&)$"a,$!a" (e"#a" )a*a")a*a" a$" +a"# !a+a

a!a" '",'r *ara. Pe"##'"aa" ta"a* $at +a"# ($!-&)$"a,$!a" (e"#a" )a*a")a*a" a$" ,e%ert$ %a,$r (a" *'&', ,a"#at --! ($a($!a"

,e)a#a$ &e($a %e"+e&a$a"/ a"#!-!/ (a" )-",a$.

. Ser)'! !a+'7#er#a$



Ser)'! #er#a$ a(aa* ,er)'! !a+' )era,a (ar$ !a+' +a"# ($%-t-"#

(e"#a" #er#a$. Ser)'! !a+' ,a"#at r$"#a" ,e*$"##a &e&'(a*!a"

'"t'! %er'&)'*a" a!ar/ teta%$ ,er)'! !a+' t$(a! )$,a &e"#$!at a$r

,e*$"##a a$r &'(a* &e"#'a%.

8W$r+a"ta/ 200@

2.5 S+arat Me($a Ta"a& Ya"# Ba$! a. Ma&%' &e"-%a"# ta"a&a" ,eara !-!-*/ ,e*$"##a ta"a&a" &a&%'

)er($r$ te#a! (a" t$(a! &'(a* r-)-*. A#ar %er,+arata" ter,e)'t ter%e"'*$/

&a!a !$ta *ar', &e&$$* &e($a ta"a& +a"# t$(a! &'(a* a%'! (a" )$,a

ta*a" a&a.

). Me($a ta"a& *ar', &e&$$!$ ,$at %-r-',/ ,e*$"##a &a&%' &e"#a$r!a"

!ee)$*a" a$r +a"# t$(a! ($)'t'*!a"/ ,e*$"##a ta"a&a" ter*$"(ar (ar$

re"(a&a" a$r (a" !ee&)a)a" +a"# t$"##$. Kee&)a)a" +a"# t$"##$ (a%at

&e"#a!$)at!a" ta"a&a" &e"a($ )','! (a" ,era"#a" a&'r. Se*$"##a

!$ta *ar', (a%at &e&)'at &e($a ta"a& +a"# t$(a! %a(at (a" &e&$$!$

r-"##a ata' %-r$ %-r$/ ,e*$"##a (ra$"a,e (a" aera,$ %a(a &e($a )eraa"

)a$!.

. Me($a *ar', ter,e($a '",'r *ara +a"# ($)'t'*!a" ta"a&a"/ )a$! $t' '",'r

*ara &a!r- &a'%'" &$!r-/ ,e*$"##a !e)'t'*a" ta"a&a" a!a" "'tr$,$

(a%at ter%e"'*$. A#ar %er,+arata" ter,e)'t ter%e"'*$/ &a!a %er'

&e"a&)a*!a" %'%'! -r#a"$! ata' %'%'! !$&$a %a(a &e($a ta"a&.(. Ta"a&a" &e&)'t'*!a" &e($a +a"# )er,$* ,e*at (a" t$(a! ter!-"ta&$"a,$

a&'r/ $r', ata' tere&ar )a*a" !$&$a +a"# (a%at &e"##a"##'

%ert'&)'*a" ta"a&a". Se*$"##a '"t'! &e"(a%at!a" &e($a ta"a& +a"#

,e*at )$,a ($a!'!a" (e"#a" ara &e"#'!', &e($a ta"a& ata'

&e&a,'!a" &e($a ta"a& %a(a -e" (e"#a" ,'*' @0 - < ,ea&a a& a'

&e"e&'r &e($a ta"a& %a(a ter$! &ata*ar$ ,ea&a !'ra"# e)$* ('a *ar$.

8Le"(r$/ 200

2. Pe"#ert$a" Per!ea&)a*a"



Per!ea&)a*a" &er'%a!a" %r-,e, %ert'&)'*a" (a" %er!e&)a"#a"

e&)r$-/ ($&a"a ta*a% a3a %er!e&)a"#a" ,'at' t'&)'*a"/ !*',',"+a

t'&)'*a" )er)$$. Daa& ta*a% $"$/ e&)r$- ($ (aa& )$$ +a"# ,e&'a )era(a

%a(a !-"($,$ (-r&a" &e"#aa&$ ,e'&a* %er')a*a" $,$--#$, +a"#

&e"+e)a)!a" $a )er!e&)a"# &e"a($ t'&)'*a" &'(a. T'&)'*a" &'(a $"$

($!e"a ,e)a#a$ !ea&)a*.Ha,$ %er!ea&)a*a" $"$ a(aa* &'"'"+a

t'&)'*a" !e$ (ar$ (aa& )$$ 8K',e)r$a"$ (!!./ 2010.

2.@ Pe"#ert$a" Be"$*/ B$)$t/ (a" B$$

Be"$* a(aa* )$$ +a"# ($%er,$a%!a" '"t'! ta"a&a" +a"# tea* &ea'$

%r-,e, ,ee!,$/ ,e*$"##a (a%at ($*ara%!a" (a%at &e"a%a$ %r-,e, t'&)'*

+a"# )e,ar &e"a($ ta"a&a" (e3a,a.

B$)$t a(aa* ta"a&a" *a,$ %er)a"+a!a" ata' %e"a"#!ara" +a"# ,$a%

'"t'! ($ta"a&/ (a%at )er,a (ar$ %er)a"+a!a" #e"erat$ 8)$$7)e"$* (a" (a%at

'#a )er,a (ar$ %er)a"+a!a" e#et$ 8a"#!-!/ -!'a,$/ ,te!/ (.

B$$ &er'%a!a" )a!a )$$ 8-''& +a"# ($*a,$!a" -e* t'&)'*a"

)er)'"#a (a" ($!e"a ,e)a#a$ aat %er!e&)a"#)$a!a" %a(a t'&)'*a".

8Da"-e,a,tr-/ 19;4

.

2.; Maa&&aa& T$%e Per!ea&)a*a"

Per!ea&)a*a" H$%-#ea

Per!ea&)a*a" H$%-#ea a(aa* %ert'&)'*a" &e&a"a"# (ar$

e%$!-t$ ,e*$"##a &e"+e)a)!a" %'&'a !e'ar (a" &e"e&)', %a(a

)$$"+a +a"# "a"t$"+a a!a" &'"' ($ ata, ta"a*/ ,e(a"#!a" !-t$e(-""+a

&a,$* teta% )era(a ($ (aa& ta"a*. <-"t-* %er!ea&)a*a" $"$ tera($ %a(a a#'"#.



Per!ea&)a*a" E%$#ea

Per!ea&)a*a" E%$#ea a(aa* %ert'&)'*a" &e&a"a"# +a"#

&e"#a!$)at!a" !-t$e(-" (a" %'&'a ,a&%a$ !e'ar !e %er&'!aa" ta"a*/

,e*$"##a !-t$e(-" ter(a%at ($ ata, ta"a*. <-"t-* %er!ea&)a*a" $"$ tera($

%a(a !aa"# ta"a*.

8K$,t$""a* (a" Le,tar$/ 2009

2.9 Pe"#ert$a" Per)a"+a!a" e#etat$ (a" Ce"erat$

Per)a"+a!a" Ce"erat$ a(aa* %er!a3$"a" a"tara 2 ta"a&a" $"('! +a"#

ter%$$* &ea'$ -r#a" )'"#a %a(a ,aa* ,at' $"('!/ !e&'($a" tera($

%e"+er)'!a" (a" &e"a($ )'a* (e"#a" !a"('"#a" )$$ ($ (aa&"+a.

Per)a"+a!a" e#etat$ a(aa* %er)a"+a!a" ta"a&a" (e"#a"

&e"##'"a!a" -r#a" e#etat$ ta"a&a" ,e%ert$ )ata"# +a"# &e&%'"+a$ t'"a,

,a&%$"# 8a!,$ar7atera (a" &ata t'"a, (ar$ $"('! +a"# ter%$$*. I"('!

ter%$$* &$,a &e&%'"+a$ 3ar"a (a" -ra! )'"#a +a"# $"(a* (a" )e'&

%er"a* a(a 8a(e"$'&/ %'&er$a/ e'%*-r)$a/ 3ar"a (a'" )erar$a,$

8a#a-"e&a/ %*$-(e"(r-"

8S't-%-/ 199;

2.10 Maa&&aa& Per!e&)a"#)$a!a" e#etat$

2.10.1 Seara Aa&$

a. St--"

Bata"# +a"# &e"e)a (a" t'&)'* ,eara *-r$-"ta ,e%a"a"#

ata' t'&)'* ($ )a3a* %er&'!aa" ta"a* (a" %a(a

$"teraterte"t' &e&'"'!a" t'"a, !e %er&'!aa" ta"a*



). <-r&

Pa"#!a )ata"# +a"# &e&)e"#!-! (a" &e&a(at ,erta

&e"#a"('"# a(a"#a" &a!a"a". Pa(a (a,ar"+a -r&',

ter(a%at ')a"# te&%at t'&)'*"+a a!ar ,e(a"#!a" ($ )a#$a"

ata, 8''"# ter(a%at &ata t'"a,.

. B') 8U&)$ a%$,

Ba*a" ta"a&a" +a"# ter($r$ (ar$ ,'at' )ata"# (a" %$%$* +a"#

%e"(e! )er)e"t'! a3a" ($!e$$"#$ ,$,$! +a"# &er'%a!a"

,tr'!t'r ,e%ert$ (a'" )er(a#$"#/ ,$,$! $"$ &e"'t'%$ t'"a, 8t$t$!

t'&)'*.

(. T')er 8U&)$ )ata"#

Bata"# +a"# &e&%'"+a$ (a#$"# te)a +a"# ter(a%at ($ (aa&

ta"a* +a"# &e"#a"('"#)e)era%a &ata t'"a,.

e. R*$-&e

A!ar r$&%a"# +a"# &e&$$!$ &ata t'"a, )ar' (a" t$a% &ata

t'"a, a!a" &e&)e"#!-! ,e)a#a$ a(a"#a" e"er#$.



. A"a!a"

Ha,$ %e&)$a!a" e#etat$e $"('! +a"# )er!e&)a"# ,e"($r$

+a"# t'&)'* ($ (e!at ta"a&a" $"('!.

2.10.2 Seara B'ata"

a. Ste! 8'tt$"#

Ste! ($art$!a" ,e)a#a$ ,'at' %era!'a" %e&$,a*a"7%e&-t-"#a"

)e)era%a )a#$a" ta"a&a"/ ,e%ert$ (a'"/ t'"a,/)ata"#/ a#ar

)a#$a")a#$a" ta"a&a" ter,e)'t &e&)e"t'! aar ata' ta"a&a"

)ar'.

). <a"#!-!

<a"#!-! a(aa* ,'at' ara %er)a"+a!a" e#etat$e ta"a&a"

(e"#a" &e&)$ar!a" ,'at' )a#$a" ta"a&a" &e"'&)'*!a" a!ar

,e3a!t' )a#$a" ter,e)'t &a,$* ter,a&)'"# (e"#a" ta"a&a"

$"('!. S'at' )a#$a" )ata"# 8)$a,a"+a ''"# ($!erat !'$t"+a*$"##a ter$*at !a+'. Ba#$a" +a"# ter)'!a $"$ a' ($)'"#!',

(e"#a" )a*a" +a"# (a%at &e"+$&%a" a$r (a" !e&'($a" ($)e)at

(e"#a" )a*a" !e(a% a$r. Setea* )e)era%a &$"##' !ar tea*

ter)e"t'! (a" a"a!a" ($%$,a* (ar$ %-*-" $"('!.



. >!'a,$

>!'a,$ a(aa* &e"e&%e!a" &ata t'"a, ta"a&a" a$" !e%a(a

)ata"# &'(a (a" (ar$ ar$eta, +a"# ,a&a/ ata' a"tara ar$eta,

(aa& ,%e,$e,. Maa& -!'a,$/ +a$t' : >!'a,$ )e"t'! )ata"#/

!-ta!/ ata' %er,e#$/ -!'a,$ )e"t'! T/ !'a,$ )e"t'! &$r$"#.

(. Crat$"# 8,a&)'"# t'"a,

Se"$ &e"+a&)'"# ('a ar$"#a" ta"a&a" *$('% ,e(e&$!$a"

r'%a ,e*$"##a !e('a"+a )er#a)'"# (a" t'&)'* ,erta

)er!e&)a"# ,e)a#a$ ,aa* ,t' ta"a&a" #a)'"#a".

Maa& #rat$"#/ +a$t' : ,$(e #rat/ et #rat/ 3(#e/ "-t* -r

,a3!er #rat/ )ar! #rat/ a%%r-a* #rat/ (a" t-% 3-r!$"#.

8S't-%-/ 199;

2.11 Ke'"t'"#a" (a" Ker'#$a" Per)a"+a!a" Ce"erat$ (a" e#etat$



Ke'"t'"#a" )a*a" ta"a& #e"erat$ a"tara a$"/ &'(a* '"t'! %e"a"a&a"/

t$(a! &e&er'!a" 3a(a*7te&%at +a"# )e,ar ,e*$"##a &'(a* ($($,tr$)',$!a"/

(a%at ($,$&%a" (aa& a"#!a 3a!t' terte"t'.Be"$* '#a &'(a* ($!e&)a"#!a"

&e"a($ $"($$(' )ar' +a"# '"##'/ &$,a )e"$* *$)r$(a. Kee&a*a" %er)a"+a!a"

#e"erat$ a(aa* )$$ ,e)a#a$ %e"##a)'"#a" (ar$ ('a #a&et )$,a &e&%'"+a$ ,$at

+a"# t$(a! ,a&a (e"#a" $"('!"+a.

Ke'"t'"#a" %e"##'"aa" -r#a" e#etat$ ,e)a#a$ )a*a" ta"a& a(aa*

ta"a&a" )ar' &e&%'"+a$ ,$at +a"# ,a&a (e"#a" $"('!"+a. Pa(a %er)a"+a!a"

a"#!-!/ )'(($"# (a" #rat$"#/ ta"a&a" )$,a a"#,'"# &e&a,'!$ a,e re%r-('!t$

!are"a t$(a! &e&er'!a" a,e e#etat$. Kee&a*a" &et-(e %er)a"+a!a"

e#etat$e a(aa* &e&er'!a" te&%at73a(a* +a"# )e,ar ,e*$"##a a#a! ,'$t

(aa& ($,tr$)',$ )$)$t 8T$& D-,e"/ 201.

2.12 Fa!t-r Ya"# Me&%e"#ar'*$ Ke)er*a,$a" Per)a"+a!a" e#etat$ (a"

Ce"erat$

1. Fa!t-r e!,ter"a

a. S'*'

T$"##$ re"(a* ,'*' &ea($ ,aa* ,t' a!t-r +a"# &e""et'!a" t'&)'*

!e&)a"#/ re%r-('!,$ (a" '#a !ea"#,'"#a" *$('% (ar$ ta"a&a". S'*'

+a"# )a$! )a#$ t'&)'*a" a(aa* a"tara 22 e$',.

). Kee&)a)a"

Ka(ar a$r (aa& '(ara (a%at &e&%e"#ar'*$ %ert'&)'*a" ,erta

%er!e&)a"#a" t'&)'*a". Te&%at +a"# e&)a) &e"#'"t'"#!a" )a#$

t'&)'*a" ($ &a"a t'&)'*a" (a%at &e"(a%at!a" a$r e)$* &'(a* ,erta

)er!'ra"#"+a %e"#'a%a" +a"# a!a" )er(a&%a! %a(a %e&)e"t'!a" ,e

+a"# e)$* e%at.

. <a*a+a &ata*ar$S$"ar &ata*ar$ ,a"#at ($)'t'*!a" -e* ta"a&a" '"t'! (a%at

&ea!'!a" -t-,$"te,$, 8!*',',"+a t'&)'*a" *$a'. 6$!a ,'at'

ta"a&a" !e!'ra"#a" a*a+a &ata*ar$/ &a!a ta"a&a" $t' )$,a ta&%a!

%'at (a" 3ar"a ta"a&a" $t' !e!'"$"#!'"$"#a" 8et$-a,$. Pa(a

!ea&)a*/ ',tr' ,$"ar &ata*ar$ (a%at &e"#*a&)at %r-,e,

%ert'&)'*a".

(. 6a&'r (a" )a!ter$



6a&'r (a" )a!ter$ 8)$a,a"+a ,a"#at %e!a ter*a(a% !ea(aa" +a"#

e&)a)/ )a*a" ta"a& +a"# ter'!a$ ,a"#at ra3a" ter*a(a% ,era"#a"

a&'r (a" )a!ter$ ,e*$"##a &e"+e)a)!a" !e)','!a"

2. Fa!t-r $"ter"a

a. H-r&-"

H-r&-" %a(a t'&)'*a" '#a &e&e#a"# %era"a" %e"t$"# (aa& %r-,e,

%er!e&)a"#a" (a" %ert'&)'*a" ,e%ert$ *-r&-" a'!,$" '"t'!

&e&)a"t' %er%a"a"#a" ,e/ *-r&-" #$)ere$" '"t'! %e&a"a"#a" (a"

%e&)ea*a" ,e/ *-r&-" ,$t-!$"$" '"t'! &e"##$at!a" %e&)ea*a" ,e

(a" *-r&-" et$e" '"t'! &e&%ere%at )'a* &e"a($ &ata"#.

). D-r&a",$ )a*a" ta"a&. PT 8at %e"#at'r t'&)'*

8R-*$&a".19@



BAB III

BAHAN DAN MET>D>L>CI PELAKSANAAN

.1 Aat (a" Ba*a"

.1.1 Aat

Aat F'"#,$

Se!-% U"t'! &e&a,'!!a" &e($a ta"a& !e (aa& %-$)a#

P-$)a# Se)a#a$ te&%at (ar$ &e($a ta"a&

T$%e U"t'! &e"a"(a$ %-$)a#

Ka&era U"t'! &e"(-!'&e"ta,$ *a,$ %ra!t$!'&

Aat T'$, U"t'! &e"atat *a,$ %ra!t$!'&

Pe"##ar$, U"t'! &e"#'!'r !e(aa&a" &e($a ta"a& (a" t$"##$

ta"a&a"

M-(' DBT U"t'! a'a" (aa& %ea!,aa" %ra!t$!'&

Wa(a* Se)a#a$ te&%at a$r

.1.2 Ba*a"

Ba*a" F'"#,$

Ara"# ,e!a&

Se)a#a$ &e($a ta"a&

Ta"a*

Pa,$r

K-&%-,GTa"a* 8 1:1

Ta"a* G Pa,$r 8 1:1

Ser)'! #er#a$

Bata"# te)'

Se)a#a$ Ba*a" Ta"a&

<--r )e)e!

Ke(ea$

6a#'"#

Ke"ta"#

A$r U"t'! &e"+$ra&$ )e"$* ata' )$)$t +a"# ($ta"a&

.2 <ara Kera

Me"+$a%!a" aat (a" )a*a"

Me"#a&)$ &e($a ta"a& +a"# tea* ($,e($a!a")er'%a ta"a*/ %a,$r/ ara"# ,e!a&/

,er)'! #er#a$/ !-&%-, G ta"a* 81:1/ (a" %a,$r G ta"a* 81:1



Me"#$,$ %-$)a# (e"#a" &e($a ta"a& +a"# tea* ($te"t'!a" *$"##a ter$,$ 475

t$"##$ %-$)a# ata' (e"#a" &e"+$,a!a" 5 & (ar$ ata, %-$)a# a' &e&)er$ "a&a

%a(a &a,$* &a,$"# %-$)a#

Me"a"a& )a*a" ta"a& !e (aa& %-$)a#

e#etat$ Ce"erat$

Te)' Ke"ta"#

<--r

)e)e! 6a#'"# Ke(ea$

Me"a"a& te)' t'"a,"+a ($ara*!a" !e ata,

Me"a"a& !e"ta"# t'"a,"+a ($ara*!a" !e ,a&%$"#

Me"a"a& --r )e)e! &eeta!!a" ($ata, &e($a ta"a& ($te!a" ,e($!$t

Me"a"a& )e"$*7)$$ a#'"# (a" !e(ea$ ($ta"a& ($(aa& ta"a*

Mea!'!a" e"a& !a$ %e"#'a"#a" %a(a &e($a ta"a& +a"# )er)e(a

Pe"+$ra&a" ($a!'!a" ,et$a% *ar$ ,e!a$ ter#a"t'"# !e)'t'*a" (a" 'aa 8'ra*

*'a"

Me"atat *a,$ %ra!t$!'& (a" &e"(-!'&e"ta,$!a""+a

Me&)'at a%-ra"

. A"a$,a Pera!'a"

S$a%!a" aat (a" )a*a". Ke&'($a" )er$ "a&a &e($a ta"a& %a(a ,et$a%

%-$)a#/ t-ta a(a 0 %-$)a#. 6a($ ,et$a% %-$)a# ter(a%at &e($a ta"a& +a"#

,a&a. Ma,'!!a" &e($a ta"a& ,e,'a$ !etera"#a" +a"# ,'(a* ($t'$, ($ %-$)a#



,a&%a$ 475 (ar$ %-$)a#. U"t'! )a*a" ta"a& ta"a* G %a,$r &e"##'"a!a"

%er)a"($"#a" 1 : 1. U"t'! )a*a" ta"a& ta"a* G !-&%-, '#a &e"##'"a!a"

%er)a"($"#a" 1 : 1. Ta"a& )a*a" ta"a& (e"#a" &e($a ta"a& +a"# )er)e(a.

U"t'! !e"ta"# &ata t'"a, *ar', &e"#*a(a% !e ,a&%$"#.S$ra& (a" a&at$

,et$a% &$"##'. <atat *a,$ %e"#a&ata" t$"##$ ta"a&a"/ '&a* (a'" (a"

3a!t' )e"$* )er!ea&)a* a' (-!'&e"ta,$!a".

BAB I

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

4.1 Data Ha,$ Pe"#a&ata"

1. Ta"a&a" 6a#'"#

Ta)e 1. T$"##$ Ta"a&a" 6a#'"#

Me($a T$"##$ Ta"a&a" 8&

14 *,t 21 *,t 2; *,t 5 *,t 42 *,t 49 *,t



Ta"a* @/5 9/1 12/@ 1@/5 19/5 21/9

Pa,$r /@ 11/ 1/ 21/ 2@/2 2/

Ta"a*G%a,$r ; 12/2 15/5 21 40/2 4;/

Ta"a*G!a"(a"# /2 ; 10/5 14/@ 22/; 2/9

Se!a& @/; 11/ 1@/ 19/; 2/4

B')'! #er#a$ 4/5 5/ @ @/4 11/@ 14/5

Ta)e 2. 6'&a* Da'" Ta"a&a"

Me($a

Wa!t' %e"#a&ata"

14

*,t

21 *,t 2; *,t 5 *,t 42

*,t

49

*,t

Ta"a* 4 4 4 4 5

Pa,$r 4 4 4

Ta"a*G%a,$r 4 4 @ @

Ta"a*G!a"(a"# 2 4 5

Se!a& %a($ 1 4 4 5 5

Ser)'! #er#a$ 4 4

Ta)e . Wa!t' Be"$* Ber!ea&)a*

Me($aSaat Be"$* )er!ea&)a*



Ta"a* 4 H,t

Pa,$r 4H,t

Ta"a*G!a"(a"# 4H,t

Ta"a*G%a,$r 4H,t

Se!a& %a($ 11H,t

Ser)'! #er#a$ 4H,t

Cra$! 1. T$"##$ Ta"a&a" 6a#'"#



Cra$! 2. 6'&a* Da'" Ta"a&a" 6a#'"#



Cra$! . Wa!t' Be"$* Ber!ea&)a*



2. Ta"a&a" Kaa"# Ke(ea$

Ta)e 1. T$"##$ Ta"&a" Kaa"# Ke(ea$

Me($a T$"##$ Ta"a&a" 8&

14 *,t 21 *,t 2; *,t 5 *,t 42 *,t 49 *,t

Ta"a* 4 5/; @/; ;/4 9/4 10/;

Pa,$r @ 9/ 14/2 1/5 1@/ 19/2

Ta"a*G%a,$r

Ta"a*G!a"(a"# 5 /; ; 12/@ 19/4 2/@

Se!a& 4/5 @/1 10/ 1 1/;

B')'! #er#a$ 4 5/ 9 10 14/4 1@/

Ta)e 2. 6'&a* Da'" Ta"a&a" Kaa"# Ke(ea$

Me($a 6'&a* Da'"

14 *,t 21 *,t 2; *,t 5 *,t 42 *,t 49 *,t

Ta"a* 2 4 4

Pa,$r 2 2 2 4

Ta"a*G%a,$r

Ta"a*G!a"(a"# 2 2 2 5 5 5

Se!a& 2 2 4

B')'! #er#a$ 2 2 2 4

Ta)e . Wa!t' Be"$* Ber!ea&)a*



Me($a Saat Be"$* )er!ea&)a*

Ta"a* 4 H,t

Pa,$r 4H,t

Ta"a*G%a,$r

Ta"a*GKa"(a"# 4 H,t

Se!a& %a($ 11 H,t

Ser)'! #er#a$ 4 H,t

Cra$! 1. T$"##$ Ta"a&a" Kaa"# Ke(ea$



Cra$! 2. 6'&a* Da'" Ta"a&a" Kaa"# Ke(ea$



Cra$! . Wa!t' Be"$* Ber!ea&)a*



. Ta"a&a" <--r Be)e!

Ta)e 1. T$"##$ Ta"a&a" <--r Be)e!

Me($a T$"##$ Ta"a&a" 8&

14 *,t 21 *,t 2; *,t 5 *,t 42 *,t 49 *,t

Ta"a*

Pa,$r

Ta"a*G%a,$r 0.4 1.5 2/

Ta"a*G !a"(a"#

Se!a&

B')'! #er#a$ 0/9 2/2 /4

Ta)e 2. 6'&a* Da'" Ta"a&a" <--r Be)e!

Me($a 6'&a* Da'"

14 *,t 21 *,t 2; *,t 5 *,t 42 *,t 49 *,t

Ta"a*

Pa,$r

Ta"a*G%a,$r 2 2

Ta"a*G !a"(a"#

Se!a&

B')'! #er#a$ 2

Ta)e . Wa!t' Da'" Bert'"a,




Ta"a*

Pa,$r

Ta"a*G%a,$r 5 H,t

Ta"a*G!a"(a"#

Se!a& %a($ 5H,t

Ser)'! #er#a$

Cra$! 1. T$"##$ Ta"a&a" Da'" <--r Be)e!

Cra$! 2. 6'&a* Da'" Ta"a&a" <--r Be)e!



Cra$! . Wa!t' B$)$t Bert'"a,

4. Ta"a&a" Te)'

Ta)e 1. T$"##$ Ta"a&a" Te)'



Me($a T$"##$ Ta"a&a" 8&

14 *,t 21 *,t 2; *,t 5 *,t 42 *,t 49 *,t

Ta"a* 0/ /; /1 2@/1 40/4 4/@

Pa,$r 2 12/4 21 2/5 /5 5/2

Ta"a*G%a,$r 5 15/ 24/4 2/2 41/2

Ta"a*G!a"(a"#

Se!a& 0/; @/2 10/@ 14/ 1@/

B')'! #er#a$ 0/5 2/5 5/5 14/ 2/2 /5

Ta)e 2. 6'&a* Da'" Ta"a&a" Te)'

Me($a 6'&a* Da'"

14 *,t 21 *,t 2; *,t 5 *,t 42 *,t 49 *,t

Ta"a* 2 4 4

Pa,$r 2 4 5

Ta"a*G%a,$r 4

Ta"a*G%'%'!

!a"(a"#

Se!a& 2

B')'! #er#a$ 1 4

Ta)e . Wa!t' Ta"a&a" Te)' Bert'"a,




Ta"a* 11 H,t

Pa,$r 11 H,t

Ta"a*G%a,$r 11 H,t

Ta"a*G!a"(a"#

Se!a& %a($ 11H,t

Ser)'! #er#a$ 11H,t

Cra$! 1. T$"##$ Ta"a&a" Te)'

Cra$! 2. 6'&a* Da'" Ta"a&a" te)'



Cra$! . Wa!t' Ta"a&a" Te)' Bert'"a,

5. Ta"a&a" Ke"ta"#

Ta)e 1. T$"##$ Ta"a&a" Ke"ta"#

Me($a T$"##$ Ta"a&a" 8&



Ta"a*

Pa,$r

Ta"a*G%a,$r

Ta"a*G !a"(a"#

Se!a&

B')'! #er#a$

Ta)e 2. 6'&a* Da'" Ta"a&a" Ke"ta"#

Me($a 6'&a* Da'"

14 *,t 21 *,t 2; *,t 5 *,t 42 *,t

Ta"a*

Pa,$r

Ta"a*G%a,$r

Ta"a*G!a"(a"#

Se!a&

B')'! #er#a$

Ta)e . Wa!t' Ta"a&a" Ke"ta"# Bert'"a,


Ta"a*

Pa,$r



Ta"a*G%a,$r

Ta"a*G!a"(a"#

Se!a& %a($

Ser)'! #er#a$

Cra$! 1. T$"##$ Ta"a&a" Ke"ta"#

Cra$! 2. 6'&a* Da'" Ta"a&a" Ke"ta"#



Cra$! . Wa!t' Ta"a&a" Ke"ta"# Bert'"a,



4.2 Pe&)a*a,a"

4.2.1 6a#'"#

Ber(a,ar!a" *a,$ %e"#a&ata" ($(a%at *a,$ t$"##$ ta"a&a" +a"#

($&'a$ 14 *,t *$"##a 42 *,t &e"'"'!a" %a(a ,e&'a &e($a ta"a&

&e"#aa&$ %e"$"#!ata". Pert'&)'*a" t$"##$ %a(a ta"a&a" a#'"# '#a

($$&)a"#$ (e"#a" )erta&)a*"+a '&a* (a'". Pert'&)'*a" (a'" ter',

&e"#aa&$ %e"$"#!ata"/ teta%$ %ert'&)'*a" +a"# %a$"# &e"$"#!at +a$t'

%a(a &e($a ta"a*G%a,$r.

Me"'r't AAK 8199/ a#'"# t$(a! &e&er'!a" %er,+arata" ta"a*

+a"# !*',', *a&%$r )er)a#a$ &aa& ta"a* (a%at ($',a*a!a" '"t'!

%erta"a&a" a#'"#. Teta%$ a#'"# +a"# ($ta"a& %a(a ta"a* #e&)'r/ ,')'r/

(a" !a+a a!a" *'&', (a%at &e&)er$ *a,$ (e"#a" )a$!. D$ ,a&%$"# $t'

(ra$"a,e (a" aera,$ +a"# )a$! ,erta %e"#e-aa" +a"# )a#', a!a"

&e&)a"t' !e)er*a,$a" ',a*a %erta"a&a" a#'"#. Dar$ %erta"+aa"

ter,e)'t (a%at ($a&)$ !e,$&%'a" ,e)e"ar"+a a#'"# (a%at t'&)'* (aa&

&e($a a%a%'" a,a!a" &e&e"'*$ '",'r *ara +a"# ($%er'!a""+a/ "a&'"

a!t-r ,e%ert$ (ra$"a,e (a" aera,$ '#a &e&%e"#ar'*$. Ha $"$ !are"a

(ra$"a,e (a" aera,$ +a"# )a$!.

4.2.2 Ke(ea$

Dar$ *a,$ %e"#a&ata" +a"# ($(a%at/ t$"##$ ta"a&a" %a(a ,e'r'*

&e($a ta"a& &e"#aa&$ %e"$"#!ata". Teta%$ '&a* (a'" (ar$ )e)era%a

&e($a ta"a& &e"#aa&$ "a$! t'r'" 8'!t'a,$. Pa(a &e($a ta"a&

ta"a*G%a,$r !e(ea$ t$(a! t'&)'* *$"##a a!*$r %e"#a&ata". Pa(a &e($a

ta"a& ,e!a& (a" ,er)'! #er#a$ %a(a a!*$r %e"#a&ata" &e"#aa&$

%e"'r'"a" '&a* (a'".

4.2. Te)'

Pa(a ta"a&a" te)'/ te)' t$(a! t'&)'* %a(a &e($a ta"a& )er'%a

Ta"a*G%a,$r.Te)' +a"# t$(a! t'&)'* !e&'"#!$"a" ($a!$)at!a" -e*



)e)era%a a!t-r. Ka(ar a$r +a"# ter(a%at ($(aa& &e($a ta"a& '#a

&e&%e"#ar'*$ %ert'&)'*a" (ar$ te)' ter,e)'t/ ata' '#a %a(a a!t-r ,aat

%e"a"a&a" te)' +a"# !'ra"# te%at ,e*$"##a t'"a, %a(a te)' t$(a! (a%at

t'&)'*/ ($ (aa& %rat$! !a$ $"$ te)' +a"# )era(a %a(a &e($a ta"a& ta"a*

e)$* t$"##$ ($)a"($"# &e($a ta"a& a$"/ (aa& &e($a ,e!a& (a" ,er)'!

#er#a$ &e"#aa&$ %ert'&)'*a" +a"# !'ra"# ($!are"a!a" &e($a ter,e)'t

&e&$$!$ ,$at %-r-,$ta, +a"# ,a"#at t$"##$ ,e*$"##a t$(a! (a%at &e"a*a"

a$r.

4.2.4 <--r Be)e!

Dar$ (ata +a"# ($(a%at ta"a&a" --r )e)e! $"$ *a"+a t'&)'*

%a(a &e($a ta"a& ta"a*G%a,$r/ ,e!a&. Se)a$!"+a %a(a &e($a ta"a&

,er)'! #er#a$/ ta"a*/ %a,$r/ ta"a*G%'%'! !a"(a"# --r )e)e! t$(a!

t'&)'* /&'"#!$" $"$ '#a ($%e"#ar'*$ )e)era%a a!t-r +a$t' )$,a )er'%a

%eete!a"7%e"a"a&a" t'"a, +a"# !'ra"# ,e,'a$ ata'%'" %-r-,$ta, &e($a

!'ra"# )a$! ,e*$"##a &e"#aa&$ %e&)','!a" %a(a t'"a, +a"#

&e"+e)a)!a" t$(a! t'&)'*"+a t'"a, %a(a (a'" --r )e)e!/ ,e)a$!"+a

%a(a &e($a ta"a& ta"a*G%a,$r (a" ,e!a& +a"# &e&$$!$ %-r-,$ta, )a$!

ata'%'" --! (e"#a" &e($a ta"a& --r )e)e!.

4.2.5 Ke"ta"#

Ta"a&a" !e"ta"# %a(a ,e&'a &e($a ta"a& t$(a! &e"#aa&$

%ert'&)'*a" ata' &at$. Ke,e,'a$a" a*a" %a(a %r$",$%"+a ($te"t'!a" -e*

!e--!a" a"tara !'a$ta, a*a" (e"#a" %er,+arata" t'&)'* ta"a&a".

Pa(a '&'&"+a/ !e"ta"# t$(a! (a%at t'&)'*(a" )er%r-('!,$ (e"#a" )a$!

a%a)$a ($ta"a& ($(atara" re"(a*. Daera* +a"# --! '"t'! ta"a&a"!e"ta"# a(aa* (atara" t$"##$ ata' (aera* %e#'"'"#a" (e"#a" !$,ara"

!et$"##$a" a"tara 1.000 .000 & (% (a" !et$"##$a" te&%at +a"# $(ea

)er!$,ar a"tara 1.000 1.00 & (%. Kea(aa" t-%-#ra$ ta"a* t$(a! )a"+a!

)er%e"#ar'* %a(a %ert'&)'*a" ta"a&a" ,eara a"#,'"#/ teta%$

&er'%a!a" a!t-r %e&)ata, +a"# ,a"#at )er%e"#ar'* ter*a(a% )$a+a

%e&)'!aa" a*a". Kea(aa" ta"a* +a"# )a$! (a" ,e,'a$ '"t'! ta"a&a"

!e"ta"# a(aa* ta"a* +a"# &e&$$!$ ,tr'!t'r re&a*/ te!,t'r"+a #e'*



%a,$ra" 8,a"(+-a&/ !a"('"#a" )a*a" -r#a"$! t$"##$/ &'(a* &e"#$!at

a$r/ (a" ,-'& ta"a* (aa&. Se*ar',"+a %a(a &e($a ta"a& !-&%-,Gta"a*

!e"ta"# ter,e)'t (a%at t'&)'* !are"a &e($a ta"a& ter,e)'t ,'(a*

ter&a,'! !r$ter$a (ar$ %er,+arata" ta($. Ke"ta"# t$(a! t'&)'*

!e&'"#!$"a" !e"ta"# ter,e)'t &a,$* (aa& !ea(aa" ,e#ar ata' &a,a

%e"+$&%a"a""+a !'ra"# a&a +a"# &e"+e)a)!a" )e'& a(a t'"a,"+a.

BAB V

PENUTUP

5.1 Ke,$&%'a"

Me($a Ta"a& A(aa* te&%at '"t'! *$('%7t'&)'* )a#$ ta"a&a"

&$,a"+a ta"a*/ ara"# ,e!a& ( 8'!ar"a$"/ 2009.Se(a"#!a"Ba*a" ta"a&

a(aa* )a*a" +a"# ($#'"a!a" '"t'! &e&'a$ !e*$('%a" )ar' (ar$ ,'at'

ta"aa" terte"t'/ )a*a" ta"a& (a%at )er'%a )e"$*/ )$)$t (a" )$$ 8Da"-e,a,tr-/19;4.F'"#,$ Me($a Ta"a&

a. Te&%at )er($r$ te#a! ta"a&a"

). S'%a$ "'tr$,$7*ara

. Te&%at ,'%a$ a$r

6a($ a(a )e)era%a *a +a"# *ar', ($%er*at$!a" !et$!a a!a" &e&$$*

&e($a ta"a& +a"# te%at '"t'! ta"a&a" (a" !ea(aa" a*a"(a"(aera*

!$ta. Saa* ,at'"+a a(aa* (e"#a" &e&%er*at$!a" t$"#!at

!ee&)a)a"/ !are"a %a(a (a,ar"+a ,et$a% &e($a ta"a& *ar', (a%at

&e"a#a !ee&)a)a"/ (a" '",'r*ara '"t'! &e"'"a"# %ert'&)'*a"

ta"a&a" +a"# )a$!.

5.2 Sara"



Se)a$!"+a (aa& &e"'$,!a" ,'at' %e"a"a&a" ta"a&a" *ar',

&e&%er*at$!a" !-"($,$ a*a" (a" &e($a ta"a& ,erta ta"a&a" +a"# a!a"

($ta"a& ,e*$"##a %a(a ,aat %ert'&)'*a" ta"a&a" ter,e)'t (a%at t'&)'*

(e"#a" )a$!/ ,erta ($(a%at!a" *a,$ %er-)aa" +a"# &a!,$&a. T$(a! +a$t'

%era3ata" %'" '#a ($%er*at$!a". Da" %e"'$,a" a%-ra" ($,ara"!a"

-r&at"+a t$(a! tera' )a"+a! (a" ter$&a!a,$* !e%a(a !a!a! a,$,te" tea*

)er)a#$ $&' (a" &e&)$&)$"# !$ta.

arya putra widyadmaja 145040201111209 u1

Documents