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Øeakd%3Ekgkjk”Vª fnu

Ekgkjk”Vªakrhy ifgyk fnu& ^Kkus‹ojh izdVfnu* nqljk& ^f’kojkT;kfHk”ksd fnu* vkf.kfrljk& ^egkjk”Vª fnu* gk vkgs-

Lak;q‰ egkjk”VªklkBha T;akuh rq:axoklHkksxyk] gkyvis”Vk lkslY;k] ts gqrkRek>kys] R;akuk gk egkjk”Vª d/kharjh folj.ks‘kD; vkgs dak\

iwohZ eqacbZ byk[kk gksrk-¼Bombay province ½-R;kosGha ^eqacbZ ejkBîkakph* vls uqlrsEg.kk;ps- frP;koj [kjk gô xqtjkFkhlakxr gksrs- rh xqtjkFkyk tksMkoh Eg.kwu rsvkdk’k-ikrkG ,d djhr gksrs-

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eqacbZ byk[;akrhy ejkBh Hkkf”kdijkdk”Bsph ftÌ BsÅu izk.ki.kkusa y<ys-f’koN=irhizek.ksa R;akuk Lodh; Eg.ktsjkT;’kklu vkf.k ijdh; Eg.kts fnYyharhye/;orhZ lŸkk ;k ‘k=aw’kha lrr iakp o”ks±fpoVi.kkusa >aqt |koh ykxyh-

;k jkT;kyk izkphu ijaijs’kha fuxfMr vlsLor%psa uako uOgrsa- Lor%ph vksG[k¼Identity½ uOgrh- xksijk”Vª] uyjk”Vª]ik.Mqjk”Vª] vijkUr] fonHkZ vkf.k v’edfeGwu egkjk”Vª gksrks ;kph tk.kho uOgrh-egkdkUrkjkiklwu egkjk”Vª gk ‘kCn :< >kykgksrk] gsa /;kuha ?;kosa- ;k egkjk”Vªkyk blohlu iwoZ 1 gtkj o”kk±ph izkphu ijaijk vkgs-

^Ekgkjk”Vª fnu* ;k fno’kha] vkpk;Z izYgknds’ko v=s ;akph u pqdrak vkBo.k gksrs-la;q‰ egkjk”Vª fufeZrhar R;akpk flOgkpk okVkgksrk- ;k pGoGhph lxGh /kqjk R;akuhpokfgyh gksrh- ;k y<îkkyk ,d leFkZ usr`Ÿo

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feGkys gksrs] gh xks”V R;akP;k dÍj ‘k=awuhfgekU; dsyh gksrh-

Kkunsoakph LQwfrZ vkf.k f’koN=irhaphnhIrh ;k egkjk”Vªakr vej] v[kaM vkgs- rhpLQwfrZ o nhIrh egkjk”Vªkus v=s ;akP;k:ikusaiqUgk vuqHkfoyh- vkiY;k Nkrhpk cak/k ?kkywuikouf[akM y<fo.kkjk ckthizHkw fdaokiqjanjlkBha izy;adkjh laxzke dj.kkjk eqjkjckth;k ujjRuakph vkBo.k d:u ns.kkjh vkpk;Zv=s ;akph rh f/kIIkkM ewfrZ leksj mHkh Bkdrs-

vkpk;Z v=s ;akps ys[k vkf.k Hkk”k.ksaEg.kts ^ftoar vkx* gksrh- ^^vatu daktudjoanhP;k dkVsjh ns’kk** v’kh R;akph Hkk”kk‘k=qi{kkyk u[kkxzakuh j‰cackG dj.kkjhgksrh- lrr 5 o”ks± ru-eu-/kukusa >qat nsÅuR;akuh egkjk”Vª-‘k=waP;k vczwph y‰jsa ;kpegkjk”VªkP;k os’khoj Vakxyha- R;akps vlsf/kaMoMs dk<ys dha] yksdakuk vkiys rksaMnk[kfo.îkkph R;akuk lks; jkfgyh ukgh-

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;akr usg:lfgr d¡kxzslph lxGh cMhcMh /ksaMs gksrh- ;akpk >kysyk rek’kk lxGîkkHkkjrkus ikfgyk- ;akr usg:auh Lor%ph fdaer?kkyfoyh- Hkkjrakrhy vusd jkT;kiSdhegkjk”Vª ,d jkT;- R;kps izÜu lksMo.ksacktwykp jkfgys ek= usg:auh rsFks ghu ntkZpsajktdkj.k d:u yksdakps f’kO;k’kki [kkYysa-gsa igk vf[ky Hkkjrh; usr`Ro! f’kokth dk;,d okV pqdysyk ns’kHk‰ gksrk- ¿ ghf’koN=irhfo”k;ha usg:aph ,dsdkGpheq‰kQGsa vkgsr-À

xqykefxjharwu eq‰ >kysY;k ;kLokra«;kP;k dkGakr vkiY;kp yksdakuhxfyPN jktdkj.k [ksGwu ujlagkjki;ZUr ghuikrGh xkBkoh! vls vlsy rj fczVh’klŸkkdk; okbZV gksrh\ fryk d’kklkBha okbZVEg.kk;ps\ d¡kxzslokY;akuh Lora= HkkjrkP;krksaMkyk dkGa Qklya!!!

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dk; vlsy rs vlks( e?;orhZ lŸksusegkjk”Vªkfo”k;ha usgeh nqtkHkko /kjyk vkgs-R;kpk nqLokl dsyk vkgs- vkf.kf’kodkykiklwu gas vlas vO;kgr pkyaw vkgas-R;keqGsa egkjk”Vªkyk njosGha vkiysa vfLrRo>xMwu HkakMwu fl) djkos ykxys vkgs-e/;orhZ lŸkk egkjk”Vªkph iksdG Lrqrh djsyi.k d/khfg ;k lŸksus egkjk”VªkP;k ikBho:uek;spk gkr fQjfoyk ukgh- vktP;k ,o<îkklqf’kf{kr vkf.k fo|klaié dkGakrfg fLFkrhvxnh t’khP;k r’khp vkgs ;kps uoyokVrs- f’kodky[kaMkiklwu egkjk”Vªkps vakrysvkf.k ckgsjps fgr’k=w R;kosGha tls gksrsrlsp] ;kfgosGha] ;kfgifjfLFkrhar vlY;kpsvxnh Li”Vi.ksa fun’kZukl vkysa- ;klkBhavkpk;Z v=s ;akpk ^dÚgspsa ik.kh* ;kvkRepfj=kpk 5 ok [kaM igk- egkjk”VªR;kP;k varckZá ‘k=wauh lnSo loZdkGhaiks[kjysyk vkgs vkf.k njosGha egkjk”VªkykR;klkBha izk.kakfrd y<r |koh ykxyh vkgs-

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ek= la;q‰ egkjk”Vªkpk eaxy dy’kvk.k.îkklkBha gsp ?kjHksns lw;kZth filkGyxkyxk iq<s vkys vkf.k R;kpsa Js; vkiY;kinjakr ikMwu ?ks.îkklkBha /kMiMys-

iq.;L; QyfePNfUr iq.;usPNfUr ekuo%A;k yksdakuk iq.îkkpsa QG gos vlrs i.k iq.îkudks vlrs- e/;orhZ lŸksps ykpkj vkf.kdksMxs >kysysa gs lekt daVd] ;akuk iq.îkEg.kts dk; vkf.k rs d’kk’kh [kkrkr ;kpkrjh iŸkk vkgs dk;\ iS’kkyk] lŸksykvkf.k pSuckthyk pVkoysysa gs ujk/ke vkgsrdkj.k ;akuh ek.kqdhyk dkfGek vk.k.kkjhfu?k`Z.k ÑR;sa dsyh- naxy mlGyh rj iksyhl‘kD;rksa gosar xksGhckj djrkr- vkf.krso<îkkus naxy vkVksD;akr u vkyh rjizR;{k xksGhckj dsY;koj ,[kkn nqljk Bkj>kY;kpsa fun’kZukl ;sras- la;q‰ egkjk”VªkP;kR;k pGoGhP;k dkGakr ;kp gjke[kksjakuhljG xksfGckjkP;k vkWMZlZ fnY;k- R;akr‘kaHkjkis{kakfg tkLr lR;kxzgh Bkj >kys-

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;akrhy f’korhFkkZoj e`r >kysY;akph la[;klok±r tkLr vkgs- ;kosGha csNwV >kysY;kxksGîkakP;k ;k o”kkZoakr ygku eqysafg lqVyhukghr- MksD;kyk xksGîkk ykxwu dakghapsv{kj’k% esanw ckgsj vkys- brds Hk;kudgŸ;kdakM >kysa- yksdekU; fVGd Eg.kkysgksrs] ^LojkT; gk ek>k tUefl) gô vkgs-*ek= ;k LojkT;akr eksjkjth vkf.k usg: ;kgjke[kksj xak/khok|akuh egkjk”Vªakr nqljsatkfy;uckx gŸ;kdakM dsys- uarj ;kxksGhckjkph pkSd’kh\ uako lq)ak dk<wa udk-Lora= Hkkjrakrhy gs i{kJs”Bh] egkjk”VªkP;knaMdkj.îkakrhy gs jk{kl] ;akuk fnYyhP;kyadsrhy jko.kkpk m?kMi.ksa ikfBack gksrk- gslxGs vkSjaxtsckph vkSjl larku vlysysujk/ke vkgsr-

;kuarj [kjh fB.kxh iMyh- v«;akuhj.kf’kax Qqadysa- ejkBh Hkkf”kd vkf.k jkT;drsZ;akP;akr Hk;kud >xMk lq:a >kyk- dakgha[kMs o xMax oxGrak >kMwu loZ i{k vkf.k

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loZ ejkBh Hkkf”kd ,d= vkys- jktdkj.kakr,desdakps gkMoSjh vlysysa] dE;qfuLV]lektoknh] jk”Vªny] fganqŸooknh bR;kfn loZi{k vkikiys erHksn fol:u ejkBh Hkk”ksP;k>saMîkk[kkyha [kak|kyk [kaknk ykowu ,d= mHksjkfgys- ,d Hkyh eksBh QGh fuekZ.k >kyh-frusa vf[ky egkjk”Vª <oGwu dk<yk-ejxGysysa] vkGlakr yksG.kkjs x;koG fg[kMcMwu tkxs >kys- vkf.k lok±uh ,dpdYyksG mBoyk- ftadwa fdaok e:a v’kkfu/kkZjkusa y{kko/kh ckgw vkiY;k eqBh vkoGwu;k Lokra«;-laxzkekyk lTt >kys- egkjk”Vªkpsagsa ,sD; gsa rst Hkkjro”kkZP;k vkf.k txkP;kiqUgk ,dnak izR;;kl vkys- Lokra«;kojvk?kkr gksrk{k.kha egkjk”Vª dlk mxz onhIrheku gksrks ;kpk izR;; fnYyhÜojkP;kflOgklukyk iqUgk ,dnak vkyk vkf.k ejkBkeksMsy i.k okd.kkj ukgha ;kph R;kyk [kk=hiVyh-

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f’koN=irhauh R;akP;k dkGakr Lodh;vkf.k ijdh; v’kk ‘k=waP;k ik’kakrwu egkjk”VªHkwfe eq‰ dsyh- vxnh rsap dk;Z vkpk;Z v=s;akuh ,dk osxGîkkp Lo:iakr dsysa- dso<k>xMk! gtkjksaP;k la[;sus lŸ;kxzghaauhrq:axokl Lohdkjyk- tsye/;sa tkxk iqjsuk’kh>kyh] ,o<s lŸ;kxzgh ;sr jkfgys- ‘ksoVhlŸ;kxzgh dS|akP;k iFkkÚ;k rq:axakrhyeksdGîkk tkxsar vkY;k- eqacbZlg egkjk”VªkP;kftYºîakkrwu vkf.k vla[; rkyqD;akrwuvxf.kr ekspsZ fu?kw ykxys-‘kgjak’kgjakrwu vkf.kxkoakxkoakrwu Hkk”k.ksa vkf.k O;k[;kuakuk t.kwam/kk.k vkys- v«;akP;k ^ejkBk* o ^uo;qx*;akP;k xxuHksnh xtZususa egkjk”Vªakrhy ‘kgjsavkf.k [ksMhikMhfg n.kk.kwu lksMyh- ^ejkBk*izpaM izek.kakr [kiwa ykxyk- ldkG >kyhdha] yksd ^ejkBk* ph izrh{kk d:a ykxys-yksd nqljh orZekui=sa okpsukls >kys- ldkG]yksdlŸkk d¡kxzslP;k rkVk[kkyph eaktja gksrh-^ejkBh ck.îkkpsa ,deso eq[ki=* v’kh^ejkBk* ph dhrhZ fnxar iljyh-

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;k ejkBh Hkkf”kdakP;k y<îkakr dfo]lkfgfŸ;d] ‘kkghj] xksa/kGh] oklqnso] HkjkMh]brdsp uOgsa rj reklxhjfg ;akr lkehy>kys- gs lxGs egkjk”Vªkph xkSjoxhrsa xkÅaykxys vkf.k la;q‰ egkjk”VªklkBha pkyysY;k;k y<îkkpsa egRo vkikiY;k ijhus yksdakuklakxwa ykxys- ‘kkghj MQkoj Fkki ek:u Eg.kwaykxys]

^vgks] ejkBs xMh rqEgh dk gks futyk Adk; esY;k vkbZpa nq/k I;kyk\ oklqnsoldkGP;k izgjakr ejkBh ek.klakuk tkxowaykxys rj xksa/kGh jk=hyk xksa/kG ?kkywulxGîkk nsoakuk vkokgu d:a ykxys dha]vkepsa gsa vkanksyu ;’kLoh dj.îkklkBha rqEghlxGs enrhyk /kkowu ;k- vlk vo?kkegkjk”Vª isVwu mByk- vls gsa tu-vaknksyukpasrstLoh ioZ ikgwu d¡kxzslokY;akrhy vusdakpsaus= ik.kkoysa- lqjokrhyk ;k vaknksyukyk

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fojks/k dj.kkÚ;k l-dk- ikVyakuh uarj R;akrwuvax dk<wu ?ksrysa-

jkt/kkuh fnYyhoj ejkBh Hkkf”kdakps izpaMekspsZ xsys- [kqÌ jkt/kkuhar usg:auh Lor%phfdaer ?kkyfoyh- rCcy 5 o”ks± gk laxzkepkywa gksrk- 1957 P;k lkoZf=d fuoM.kqdharla;q‰ egkjk”Vª lferhus vHkwriwoZ fot;feGfoyk- [kqÌ vkpk;Z v=s fxjxako ernkjla?kkrwu cgqerkusa fuoMwu vkys- R;kuarj eqacbZegkikfydsP;k fuoM.kqdkfg lferhusa ftadY;k-19 uksOgsacjyk ,d eSy yakchpk nqljk ekspkZfnYyhP;k jLR;ko:u xtZuk djhryksdlHksP;k nkjki;;ZUr iksgkspyk-

la;q‰ egkjk”VªkP;k vaknksyukpsa ok<rs mxzLo:Ik ikgwu v[ksj d¡kxszl ljdkjus f}Hkkf”kdjkT; eksMwu xqtjkFk o egkjk”Vª gh nksu Lora=jkT;sa dj.îkkpk vkf.k eqacbZ egkjk”Vªkykns.îkkpk fu.kZ; tkghj dsyk- v[ksj usg:auhgkj ekuwu fnYyhe/;sa eqacbZlg la;q‰

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egkjk”Vªkph vf/kÑr ?kks”k.kk dsyh- R;kuqlkjv[ksj 1 es 1960 yk ^egkjk”Vª* ;k uakokusLora= ejkBh jkT; fuekZ.k >kys-

egkjk”Vªakr vkuandYyksG >kyk- ,rÌs’kh;Eg.kts jkT;’kklu vkf.k ijdh; Eg.ktse/;orhZ lŸkk ;k jkgw-dsrwaP;k xzg.kakrwu gkegkjk”Vª eq‰ >kyk vkf.k vkiY;k iw.kZ rstkusaiqUgk rGiwa ykxyk- vkrak eqacbZlg la;q‰egkjk”Vªkph fufeZrh >kyh- dso<k HkkX;kpkfnol rks ! ejkBh eukyk uo-lathouh ns.kkjhdso<h viwoZ ?kVuk ?kMyh ! ejkBh eusa iqUgk,dnak Qqyyh- vkepsa [kjs Lo:i vkEgaklizkIr >kys- vkEgh f’koN=irhaps okjl vkgksr;kpsa Hkku vkys-

ek= fnYyhokY;akpsa iwohZiklwu er vkgsdha] egkjk”Vª HkakM[kksj vkf.k jakxMk vkgs-Eg.kts dk; dha] ^^mldks jgulgudh vkSjckrs djusdh reht ugha gSA** gs gjke[kksjvkEgkl dls okxkoas ;kph vôy f’kdforkr-

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^lkrlkSS pwgs [kkds fcYyh pyh gtdksA*vkf.k rh nqlÚ;kl mins’k djrs vkgs- rlkpgk izdkj vkgs-

egkjk”Vª jakxMk vkgs- dcwy- R;kP;kokx.îkkyk bL=h ukgh- rks jakxMk vkgs i.kR;kpsa var%dj.k ljG vkgs] R;akr oØrkukgh dkj.k R;kP;kik’kha dksMxsi.kk ukgh-ykpkjh ukgh- ^^jkdV ns’kk] d.k[kj ns’kk]nxMakP;k ns’kk**vlk gk egkjk”Vª vkgs- R;kykoSHkokph] pSuckthph] ,s’k-vkjkekph eqGh-lq)k vfHkyk”kk ukgh- R;kyk gos rsa Lokra«;!Lokra«;kpk nqnZE; vfHkfuos’k vl.kkjk vkf.kR;klkBha izk.ki.kkusa y<.kkjk vlk gk ns’kvkgs-

;k egkjk”Vªkyk bloh lu iwoZ 1 gtkjo”kk±ph izkphu ijaijk vkgs- ;k ijaijsuqlkjvkEgh vkepsa thou cny.kkj vkgksr- Eg.ktsR;akr ifjorZu dj.kkj vkgksr- Qkj izkphudkGakr uOgsa rj vxnh uthdP;k lkMsrhu’ksa

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o”kk±iwohZP;k f’kodky[k.Makr gk ns’k Lora=gksrkp uk! R;kosGha dqBs bloh lu gksrk\vkrak vlk dks.krk ewyksRikVh cny >kykdha] baxztkP;k 150o”kk±P;k xqykefxjhpsa izrhdvl.kkÚ;k bloh luke/;sa vkEgh xqarwu jgkos\vkEgh vkeP;k ;k egkjk”Vª Hkwehph vfLerklakHkkGyh ukgh rj vkepsa vfLrRopf’kYyd jgk.kkj ukgh- lok±xakuh gh vfLerklakHkkG.ksa gk vkepk Lo/keZ vkgs vkf.k rksvifjgk;Z vkgs- Eg.kts VkGrak u ;s.kkjk vlkvkgs- ^^ ^Lo*ykp VkG.ksa rsa gksrs fut/keZVkG.îkakekthaA R;kP;kp vkJ;kusa izxrh fLFkrhlk/; b”V vkEgak thAA-**

izFkepk ^egkjk”Vª fnu* dks.krk\ 1es1960 eqGhp ukgh- vkEgh rks fol:u xsyksvkgksr- ;k fno’kha eqacbZr iksyhl lapyudsys tkrs- ckdh dakgha ukgh- vktfg eqacbZbyk[;kP;k d¡kxzsl ljdkjpsa ekul fnYyhP;kxqykehP;k fopkjkoj ikslys tkr vkgas gsaikgwu uoy okVras- ;akuk egkjk”Vªkph pkM

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ukgha Eg.kwu eh eqacbZ byk[kk eqÌke Eg.kkyks-d¡kxszlps] ^d¡kxzsl xorklkj[ks* ;k Hkkjrakr?kk.ksjMs ihd vkgs-

vkeP;k egkjk”Vª iapakx fnunf’kZdsarhyizFkepk egkjk”Vª fnu vlk&

oS’kk[k ekls mŸkjk;.ks iapE;ak frFkkSjfookljs vknzkZ fnol u{k=s ‘kkfyokgu ‘kds1882 ,oaxq.k fo’ks”ks.k fof’k”Bk;ak‘kqHkiq.îkfrFkkS Jh f’koN=irh Lej.ksu la;qäegkjk”Vª jkT;-laLFkkiuk fnuksRloL; ‘kqHkkjaHkadfj”;s bfrA ;kosGha f’ko’kd 287 gksrk-

1 es 1960 psa R;kosGspsa iapakx ikgwu eh gkfrFkh-fuÜp; dsyk vkgs-

vkEgh 3 fnol gk fnuksRlo lktjk djrks-

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oS’kk[k ‘kq) r`rh;k&v{k¸; r`rh;k& gkifgyk fnol- oS’kk[k ‘kq) prqFkhZ&gk nqljkfnol- vkf.k

oS’kk[k ‘kq) iapehegkjk”Vª fnugk eq[; fnuksRlo

;k o”kh± Eg.kts ‘kds 1925 yk 44 okfnuksRlo gksÅu xsyk vkgs- iq<hy o”kh±Eg.kts ‘kds 1926 e/;sa oS’kk[k ‘kq)iapehl 45ok fnuksRlo vkgs-

Ekgkjk”Vª fnu oS’kk[k ‘kq05

f’kojkT;kfHk”ksd-fnu--T;s”B ‘kq013 =;ksn’kh;k o”kh± f’ko’kd 330 vkgs- ‘kds 1926

yk 331 ;srks-

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la;q‰ egkjk”Vª fnu &rhu fnolakP;kmRlokpk tks dk;ZØe vkgs] R;kpk ri’khyfnunf’kZdsP;k ,dk ys[kakr eh rks laiw.kZi.ksafnyk vkgs-

la;q‰ egkjk”VªkP;k ;k izFke fnukusa ejkBhek.kwl o ejkBh eu ;akuk lqizfrf”Br dsys-vkeP;k ys[kha ;k fnolkpsa eksy Qkj QkjeksBs vkgs- ;k fno’kha Kkunso vkf.kf’koN=irhP;k ;k egkjk”Vªkyk foy{k.klathouh izkIr >kyh- dkO;] lkfgR; vkfnejkBh {ks=s iqUgk <oGwu fu?kkyh- egkjk”VªxkFksyk vkf.k egkjk”Vª xhrakuk iqUgk ,dnakcgj vkyk-cgq vlksr lqanj laié dh egkAfiz; veqpk ,d egkjk”Vª ns’k gkAA

vkIik BksacjsekxZ’kh”kZ vekoL;k ‘kds 1925

fnuakd % 22@12@2003

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egkjk”VªkP;k bfrgklakrhy la;qä egkjk”Vªvaknksyukpk dkG gsa ,d rstLoh ioZ gksras-egkjk”VªkP;k vfHkekukusa izR;sd ejkBh ek.kwlR;k dkGakr isVwu mByk gksrk-^eqacbZlg la;q‰egkjk”V >kykp ikfgts]* gh ,dp xtZuklkÚ;k ejkBh eqy[kakr n.kk.kr gksrh- ;ky<;kph rqyuk f’kodkyhu LojkT;kP;kvfHkekukP;k Hkkous’khp dsoG djrk ;sbZy-eqacbZlg la;q‰ egkjk”Vªkph LFkkiuk gksÅuvkt 45 o”ks± gksÅu xsyh vkgsr- R;kvk/kh 5o”ks± la;q‰ egkjk”Vª LFkkiusP;k ekx.khpk y<kegkjk”Vªakr pkywa gksrk-

vktP;k r:.k fi<hyk ;k y<îkkphiz[kjrk ekghrfg ulsy- vktP;k egkjk”Vªakrla;qä egkjk”Vª y<îkkph vkBo.k iqu%iqUgktkxoyh ikfgts] rjp lkjk ejkBh ek.kwl ;ky<îkakr dlk ,d >kyk gksrk] ,deq[kkusaxtZuk djhr gksrk vkf.k ,dkp Hkkoususajk=afnol rGeGr gksrk] ;kph tk.khovktP;k r:.k fi<hyk gksbZy-

‘kds 1927 b-lu 2005

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Ekgkjk”Vª–HkwikGh

izHkko’kkyh ije eaxyk egkjk”Vª ns’kk Arqyk izHkkrha izlé ân;sa iz.kke ijes’kk AA /k`0

lºîkknzhP;k lgLj f’k[kjha mér >kysykxksnk] Ñ”.kk] Hkhek ;akuh iquhr dsysykifÜpe fla/kw ca/kq ikfB’kha iwoksZnf/k tkekrfoa/;knzhph maph y{kh lkriqMk izakr

vyadkj t;kps iSB.k] ia<jiqjvkGanh] pkQG] nsgw] rqGtkiqjdh iq.ks] jk;xM] f’kousjh] lqanj

jt%d.kkyk ykoquh Hkkyha egkjk”Vª ns’kkrqyk izHkkrha izlé ân;sa iz.kke ijes’kk AA 1AA

ojh] ukp.kh] Hkkr fidforks dksd.kpk izakrxgw] cktjh] dkiql] ‘kkGq ns’kkoj gksrdakcG [kaknh] ogk.k ik;ha] Mksbl eqaMkls‘kkeyo.khZ lku:i ro lksToG et Hkkls

20

rs foGs dks;rs ‘kL=sa gh gkfrphrh cVs Bsax.kh HkhesP;k dkfBphfeGforh /kqGhyk dhfrZ ckn’kkfgph

ohjakuk R;k oanu vkeqpsa egkjk”Vª ns’kkrqyk izHkkrha izlé ân;sa iz.kke ijes’kk AA2AA

ohj izrkih jk; f’kokth N=irh vkeqpk/keZ jf{k.îkk ,dfp dsyk ?kks”k LojkT;kpkHkxok >saMk /kU; djh gsa vkuanouHkqouLokra«;kP;k tfjiVD;kyk y{kosG ueu

iq.îkkbZ iqjyh f’koHkwikph iq<sis’kos iq.îkkps oGys vVdsdMslkezkT; ejkBh iljs pksghdMs

Lej.ksa LQqjrsa ân; okdrsa egkjk”Vª ns’kkrqyk izHkkrha izlé ân;sa iz.kke ijes’kk AA3AA

Hkhek okgh frP;k lqjkoj xkbZ th xhrrhp ejkBh Hkk”kk vkeqph Blyh ân;akrKkus’kakph vksoh] vHkax ok.kh rqd;kphÜyksd okeuh ftyk Hkw”koh vk;kZ e;qjkph

21

,dukFk] pks[kk] xksjk] KkusÜojjkenkl] rqd;k] ukek] eqäsÜojup tkr ikgrks Hkäakph bZÜoj

lareaMGk yoowa ekFkk egkjk”Vª ns’kkrqyk izHkkrha izlé ân;sa iz.kke ijes’kk AA4AA

eqäkckbZ r’kh tukbZ vkGfors nsokl˜kokyk lgt ykHkrks eks{kkpk Bsokxrohjakph iq.îk pfj=sa xkÅfu vaxkbZckGk dfjrs egkjk”Vªkph tuuh ok vkbZ

‘kksHkoh vfgY;k gksGdjkph iqjhrh lrh jek HkV oa’kkyk m)jhLokra«; y{eh izpaM laxj djh

izf.kikr vlks ák nsohauk egkjk”Vª ns’kkrqyk izHkkrha izlé ân;sa iz.kke ijes’kk AA5AA