biometrics final ppt

Biometrics

Biometrics

Avani & DharmishthaAvani & Dharmishtha


Biometrics

02/03/17


Biometrics

02/03/17


Biometrics

02/03/17


Biometrics

02/03/17


Biometrics

02/03/17


Biometrics

02/03/17


Biometrics

02/03/17


Biometrics

VISHAK V1st MCA

Biometrics

02/03/17


Avani & Dharmishtha

Contents

What is Biometrics

History

How Biometric works

Characteristics of Biometrics

Types of Biometrics

Modes

Working Principle

Comparison of Biometric type

Biometric Modalities

Application

Future concepts

Conclusion

What is Biometrics ?

The meaning of Biometrics comes from the Greeks.
Biometry = bio(life) + metry(to measure). Biometrics is the science and technology of measuring and analyzing biological data.

Biometrics refers to technologies that measure and analyze human body characteristics such as fingerprints, eye retinas and irises, voice patterns,facial patterns and hand measurements for authentication purposes.

Biometrics are automated methods of recognizing a person based on a physiological or behavioral characteristic.

Biometrics

History

Biometrics

European Explorer Joao de Barros recorded the first known example of fingerprinting in China during the 14th century. 1980:- Alphonse Bertillon studied body mechanics and measurements to help in identifying criminals. Karl Pearson, an applied mathematician studied biometric research early in 20th century at University college of London. In the 1960 and 1970, signature biometric, authentication procedures were developed.

How Biometrics Works ?

Biometrics

Basic characteristics of BIOMETRIC Technologies:

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Universality : Every person should have the characteristic. People who are mute or without a fingerprint will need to be accommodated in some way.

Uniqueness : Generally, no two people have identical characteristics. However, identical twins are hard to distinguish

Permanence : The characteristics should not vary with time. Aperson's face, for example, may change with age.

Collectibility : The characteristics must be easily collectible and measurable.

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Acceptability : The general public must accept the sample collection routines. Non intrusive methods are more acceptable.

Circumvention : The technology should be difficult to deceive

Performance : The method must deliver accurate results under varied environmental circumstances.

Types of Biometrics

Physiological

Face

Fingerprint

Veins geometry

Retina

Iris recognition

Behavioral

Signature

Voice

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Biometrics

Modes:

Enrollment Mode: A sample of the biometric trait is captured, processed by a computer, and stored for later comparison .

Verification Mode: In this mode biometric system authenticates a persons claimed identity from their previously enrolled pattern .

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Working principle :

Biometric devices consist of a reader or scanningdevice software that converts the gathered information into digital form, and a database that stores the biometric data with comparison with existing records.

Comparison of Biometrics Type

Biometric Type

Accuracy

Easy to use

User Acceptance

Fingerprint

High

Medium

Low

Hand Geometry

Medium

High

Medium

Voice

Medium

High

High

Retina

High

Low

Low

Iris

Medium

Medium

Medium

Signature

Medium

Medium

High

Face

Low

High

High

Biometrics

Biometrics

Biometric Modalities:

Fingerprint Recognition:

Friction ridges

Core

Crossover

Delta

Island

Ridge Ending

Pore

For fingerprint Recognition look at :

Biometrics

Biometrics

Minutiae

Uses ridge endings ,bifurcations on a persons finger to plot points know as Minutiae The number and locations of the minutiae vary from finger to finger in any particular person, and from person to person for any particular finger .

Fingerprint Recognization (cont)

There are a number of different ways to get an image of somebodys finger.

The most common method todays are optical scanning and capacitance scanning.

The heart of an optical scanner is a charge coupled device (CCD).

The CCD scanning process starts when you place your finger on a glass plate and a CCD camera takes a picture.

one of the largest fingerprint recognization system is integrated automated fingerprint identification system, maintained by FBI in the US since 1999.

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Advantages of fingerprint Recognization

Oldest form of Biometrics

Highly Reliable

Uses distinctive features of fingers

High Security access

Reduce cost

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Disadvantages of fingerprint Recognization

It is not a right tool for the ones who is work in the Chemical Industries.

If a person loses his/her fingerprint identity then that person will never be able to use or replace their fingerprint as their identity.

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Face Recognition:

It involves recognizing people by there: Facial features. Face geometry.

Principle: Analysis of unique shape, pattern and positioning of facial features.

It has the ability to leverage existing image acquisition equipment.

It can search against static images such as drivers license photographs.

It is the only biometric able to operate without user cooperation.

Advantages of face Recognization

Disadvantages of Face Recognization

Changes in physiological characteristics reduce matching accuracy.

Changes in acquisition environment reduce matching accuracy.

It has the potential for privacy abuse due to non cooperative enrollment and identification capabilities.

Iris Recognization

The coloured ring around the pupil of the eye is called the iris ,like a snowflake.

Controls light levels inside the eye.

Tiny muscles that dilate and constrict the pupil size.

Divides the front of the eye from the back of the eye.

Color comes from melanin.

What is Iris?

Left and right eye irises have distinctive pattern.

Individuality of Iris

Recording of Identities

Advantages

Very high accuracy

Verificaton time is generally less than 5 seconds

Patterns apparently stable throughout life

Disadvantages

Intrusive.

A lot of memory for the data to be stored.

Very expensive

Palm Veins Recognition:

Veinal Recognition: A system for Identification using a persons unique vein patterns.

Veins as a biometrics tool involve the measurement of the blood vessels of your hand.

Scanned palm

Original palm

Registered Pattern.

Advantages

The palm vein pattern is the most complex and covers the widest area, Because the palm has no hair, it is easier to photograph its vascular pattern . The palm also has no significant variations in skin color compared with fingers or back of the hand, where the color can darken in certain areas.

Disadvantages

It is not applicable to people who lost their palms.

Palm vein recognition is invasive because it creates fear among the user that it can be a painful process.

It is relatively expensive and not available for mass production yet.

Off-line or static signatures are scanned from paper documents, where they were written in conventional way. Off-line signature analysis can be carried out with a scanned image of the signature using a standard camera or scanner.

On-line or dynamic signatures are written with an electronically instrumented device and the dynamic information (pen tip location through time) is usually available at high resolution, even when the pen is not in contact with the paper.

Signature recognition:

Signature in Identity Documents

Smoothing: the input signal from a digitizing pen can be very jagged. The pen used can affect the smoothness and the size of the signature.

Segmentation: determination of the beginning and ending of signing.

Signature beginning: first sample where pressure information is not null (first pen-down)

Signature ending: last pen-up. Because few pen-ups can be found in the signature, we have to establish a maximum pen-up duration (e.g. 3 s).

Pre-processing

Principal structure of signature recognition systems

Signature is a man-made biometric where forgery has been studied extensively

Enrollment (training) is fast

Signature verification in general has a fast response and low storage requirements

A signature verification is independent of the native language user

Very high compression rates do not affect shape of the signature (100-150 bytes)

Advantages

Disadvantages

There is much precedence for using signature to authenticate documents and not for security applications

A five-dimensional pen may be needed to arrive at the desired accuracy. This makes the hardware costly.

Some people have palsies, while others do not have enough fine motor coordination to write consistently

Voice Recognition

What is Voice Recognition?

also known as automatic voice recognition or computer voice recognition which means understanding voice by the computer and performing any required task.

Where can it be used?

- Dictation

- System control/navigation

- Commercial/Industrial applications

- Voice dialing

Acoustic Model

An acoustic model is created by taking audio recordings of speech, and their text transcriptions, and using software to create statistical representations of the sounds that make up each word. It is used by aspeech recognitionengine to recognize speech.

Language Model

Language modeling is used in manynatural language processingapplications such asspeech recognition tries to capture the properties of a language, and to predict the next word in a speech sequence.

TYPES OF VOICE RECOGNITION

There are two types of speech recognition. One is calledspeaker-dependentand the other isspeaker-independent. Speaker-dependent software is commonly used for dictation software, while speaker-independent software is more commonly found in telephone applications.

DIFFERENT PROCESSES INVOLVED

DigitizationConverting analogue signal into digital representationSignal processing Separating speech from background noisePhoneticsVariability in human speech

Phonology Recognizing individual sound distinctions (similar phonemes) is the systematic use of sound to encode meaning in any spoken Human language Lexiology and syntaxLexicology is that part oflinguisticswhich studieswords, their nature and meaning, words' elements, relations between words,words groups and the whole lexicon.

Separating speech from background noise

Noise cancelling microphonesTwo mics, one facing speaker, the other facing away

Ambient noise is roughly same for both mics

Knowing which bits of the signal relate to speech

Generic Speaker Recognition System

People with disabilities

Organizations - Increases productivity, reduces costs and errors.

Lower operational Costs

Advances in technology will allow consumers and businesses to implement speech recognition systems at a relatively low cost.

ADVANTAGES

Conversations

Difficult to build a perfect system.Involves more than just words (non-verbal communication; stutters etc.

Every human being has differences such as their voice, mouth, and speaking style.

Filtering background noise is a task that can even be difficult for humans to accomplish.

DISADVANTAGES

Application

Criminal identification

Prison security

ATM and other Financial Transactions

PC/LAN Login

Database access

Border crossing controls

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Some Biometrics Still In Development

Scent

Ear Shape

Finger nail bed

Facial 3D

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Conclusion

Technology is growing rapidly, but at the same time security breaches and transactions frauds are also in the increase world over.

All agencies including libraries who are in need of security and safety have to adopt biometrics

Let us hope for safe and secure future.

Biometrics

References

www.biometrics.com

www.google.com

www.facerecognization.com

www.fingerprintscanner.com

www.irisrecognization.com

Biometrics