chānakya wiki pedia detail story
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Chnakya(Sanskrit:Cakya) (c. 370283 BCE) was a teacher to the
firstMauryaEmperorChandragupta(c. 340293 BCE), and generally considered to be the architect of his
rise to power. Traditionally, Chanakya is also identified by the names KauilyaandVishnugupta Sharma,
who authored the ancient Indian political treatise calledArthastra.[1]
It is important to identify Chanakya
as a great Indian because his cultural significance has reached far and wide, and his words are just as
internalised in other parts of South Asia. Chanakya has been considered as the pioneer of the field
ofeconomicsandpolitical science.[2][3][4][5]
In the Western world, he has been referred to as The
IndianMachiavelli,although Chanakya's works predate Machiavelli's by about 1,800 years.[6]
Chanakya
was a teacher inTakaila,an ancient centre of learning, and was responsible for the creation ofMauryan
empire,the first of its kind on the Indian subcontinent. His works were lost near the end of the Gupta
dynastyand not rediscovered until 1915.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Identity
2 Legend
o 2.1 Death
o 2.2 Other versions
3 Media
4 Legacy
5 Notes
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
[edit]Identity
His role in the formation of the Mauryan Empire is the essence of a historical/spiritual novelThe
Courtesan and the Sadhuby Dr. Mysore N. Prakash.[7]
Two books are attributed to Chanakya:Arthashastraand Neetishastrawhich is also known as
Chanakya Niti. TheArthashastradiscussesmonetaryandfiscalpolicies,welfare,international relations,
andwar strategiesin detail. Neetishastrais a treatise on the ideal way of life, and shows Chanakya's in-
depth study of theIndian way of life.Chanakya also developed Neeti-Sutras(aphorisms - pithy
sentences) that tell people how they should behave. Of these well-known 455 sutras, about 216 refer to
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_Sadhu&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Courtesan_and_the_Sadhu&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chanakya&action=edit§ion=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya#Noteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya#Legacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya#Mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya#Other_versionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya#Deathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya#Legendhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya#Identityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya#cite_note-bss.sfsu.edu-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta_dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta_dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauryan_empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauryan_empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavellihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya#cite_note-Mabbett-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artha%C5%9B%C4%81strahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandragupta_Mauryahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurya_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit 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raaja-neeti (the do's and don'ts of running a kingdom). Apparently, Chanakya used these sutras to groom
Chandragupta and other selected disciples in the art of ruling a kingdom.
[edit]Legend
Silver punch mark coin of theMauryan empire,with symbols of wheel and elephant. 3rd century BCE.
Thomas R. Trautmannlists the following elements as common to different forms of the Chanakya
legend
[8]
:
Chanakya was born with a complete set of teeth, a sign that he would become king, which is
inappropriate for aBrahminlike Chanakya. Chakya's teeth were therefore broken and it was
prophesied that he will rule through another.
The Nanda King throws Chnakya out of his court, prompting Chnakya to sw ear revenge.
Chnakya searches for one worthy for him to rule through. Chnakya encounters a
youngChandragupta Mauryawho is a born leader even as a child. Chanakya established monarchial
system in ancient historical times in India. He may be main architect to groom a child, but his means
to reach power were manipulative and secretive.
Chnakya's initial attempt to overthrow Nanda fails, whereupon he comes across a mother scolding
her child for burning himself by eating from the middle of a bun or bowl of porridge rather than the
cooler edge. Chakyarealizes his initial strategic error and, instead of attacking the heart of Nanda
territory, slowly chips away at its edges.
Chnakya changed his alliance with the mountain king Parvata due to his obstinacy and non -
adherence to the principles of the treaty as agreed.
Chnakya enlists the services of a fanatical weaver to rid the kingdom of rebels.
Chnakyaadds poison to the food eaten byChandragupta Maurya,now king, in order to make him
immune.[9][citation needed]
Unaware, Chandragupta feeds some of his food to his queen, who is in her
ninth month of pregnancy. In order to save the hei r to the throne, Chnakya cuts the queen open and
extracts the foetus, who is namedBindusarabecause he was touched by a drop (bindu) of blood
having poison.[citation needed]
[10]
Chnakya's political rivalry with Subandhuleads to his death.
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Chanakya was a shrewd observer of nature. Once, it is said that Mauryan forces had to hide in a cave.
There was no food, and the soldiers were starving.They could not come out of the cave either, as there
was a threat to their lives. Chanakya saw an ant taking a grain of rice, whereas, there was no sign of food
or grain anywhere. Moreover, the rice grain was cooked. He ordered the soldiers to search and they
found that their enemies had been dining under the cave. Indeed, they were eating at the ground floor. As
soon as they saw this, they escaped and were thus saved.
Birth and Origin: Chanakya (c.350 - c.275 BC), also known as Anshul or Anshu or Kauilya or
Vishnugupta was born in a family of Brahmin as the son of Acharya Chanak in Pataliputra, Magadh
(Modern day Patna, Bihar, India. In the modern day it has been found that social, political and
professional life of Brahmins reflects Chanakya Neeti. A South Indian group ofBrahmins,Chozhiyas,
claim that Chanakya was one of them. Though this may sound very improbable considering the vast
distance between present day Tamil Nadu in the south and Magadha in Bihar, it finds curious echos in
Parishista-parvan, where Hemachandra claims that Chankya was a Dramila (Dramila, being a very
common variant of Dravida). Chanakya enjoyed the best education of the time, in 'Takshashila' (also
known in its corrupted form as Taxila).Takshasil had established itself as a place of learning. The school
had by that time existed for at least five centuries and attracted students from all over the ancient world of
Southeast Asia. The Kingdom of Magadha maintained contact with Takshasil. Chanakya's life was
connected to these two cities, Pataliputra and Takshasil. According to Jaina accounts[1] Chnakya was
born in the village of Caaka in the Golla district to Cain and Caevar, a Maga Brahmin couple[2].
[edit]Death
According to a Jaina tradition, while Chanakya served as the chief administrator ofChandragupta
Maurya,he started adding small amounts ofpoisonin Chandragupta's food so that he would get used to
it.[9][citation needed]
The aim of this was to prevent the Emperor from being poisoned by enemies. One day the
queen, Durdha, shared the food with the Emperor while she was pregnant. Since she was not used to
eating poisoned food, she died. Chanakya decided that the baby should not die; hence he cut open the
belly of the queen and took out the baby.[10][citation needed]
A drop (binduinSanskrit)of poison had passed to
the baby's head, and hence Chanakya named himBindusara.Bindusara would go on to become a great
king and to father the greatest Mauryan Emperor since Chandragupt -Asoka.
When Bindusara was in his youth, Chandragupta gave up the throne and followedtheJainsaintBhadrabahuto present dayKarnatakaand settled in a place known asShravana Belagola.
He lived as an ascetic for some years and died of voluntary starvation according to Jain tradition.
Chanakya meanwhile stayed as the administrator of Bindusara. Bindusara also had a minister named
Subandhu who did not like Chanakya. One day he told Bindusara that Chanakya was responsible for the
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murder of his mother. Bindusara asked the nurses who confirmed this story and he became very angry
with Chanakya.
It is said that Chanakya, on hearing that the Emperor was angry with him, thought that anyway he was at
the end of his life. He donated all his wealth to the poor, widows and orphans and sat on a dung heap,
prepared to die by total abstinence from food and drink. Bindusara meanwhile heard the full story of his
birth from the nurses and rushed to beg forgiveness of Chanakya. But Chanakya would not change his
mind. Bindusara went back and vented his fury on Subandhu, and killed him.
Chanakya after this incident, renounced food and shortly died thereafter. Bindusara revered Chanakya
and the loss of his advisor was a considerable blow to him.
[edit]Other versions
The classical Sanskrit play byVishakhadatta,Mudrarakshasa,is one popular source of Chanakya lore.
(The play has been dated between 4th and 9th century CE).
According one tradition, Chanakya was a native of Dravida.[11]
One of Chanakya's various names was
Dramila, the Sanskrit form of "Tamilian".[12][13]
("Dramila" is believed to be therootof the word "Dravida" by
some scholars). Chozhiars, a sub-sect ofIyers,hold that Chanakya was one of them.[14]
There is also a claim that Chanakya belonged to the Brahmin group from the present day Keralaand
believed to be resident of present dayErnakulam.In trueHindutradition he is said to have persuaded
KingChandragupta Mauryato forsake his throne and to join him in moving to the last phase of one's life
viz.Vanaprastha.Accordingly, he took the King along with him to South Indiawhere both of them carried
prolonged meditation and finally achievedMoksha.
Kauilya was educated atTaxilaor Takshashila,[15]
then present in north-western India and now in present
dayPakistan.The new states (in present-dayBiharandUttar Pradesh)bythe northern high road of
commercealong the base of theHimalayasmaintained contact with Takshasil and at the eastern end of
thenorthern high road (uttarapatha)was the kingdom of Magadha with its capital city, Pataliputra,now
known as Patna. Chanakya's life was connected to these two cities, PataliputraandTaxila.
In his early years he was tutored extensively in the Vedas- Chanakya memorized them completely at a
very early age.[verification needed]
He also taught mathematics, geography and science along with dharmic
education.[verification needed]Later he travelled to Takshashila, where he became a teacher of politics. [verification
needed]Chanakya taught subjects using the best of practical knowledge acquired by the teachers. The age
of entering the University was sixteen. The branches of study most sought after around India at that time
ranged from law, medicine, warfare and other disciplines. Two of his more famous students were
Bhadrabhatta and Purushdutta.[verification needed]
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chanakya&action=edit§ion=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chanakya&action=edit§ion=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chanakya&action=edit§ion=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishakhadattahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishakhadattahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishakhadattahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudrarakshasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudrarakshasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudrarakshasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya#cite_note-ptsrinivasap325-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya#cite_note-ptsrinivasap325-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya#cite_note-ptsrinivasap325-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya#cite_note-ptsrinivasap326-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya#cite_note-ptsrinivasap326-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya#cite_note-ptsrinivasap326-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Dravidian#Origins_of_the_word_Dravidianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Dravidian#Origins_of_the_word_Dravidianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Dravidian#Origins_of_the_word_Dravidianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iyershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iyershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iyershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya#cite_note-castesandtribes_p342-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya#cite_note-castesandtribes_p342-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya#cite_note-castesandtribes_p342-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keralahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keralahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keralahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernakulamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernakulamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernakulamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandragupta_Mauryahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandragupta_Mauryahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandragupta_Mauryahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanaprasthahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanaprasthahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanaprasthahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokshahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokshahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokshahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biharhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biharhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biharhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarapathahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarapathahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarapathahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarapathahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarapathahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarapathahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarapathahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pataliputrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pataliputrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pataliputrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pataliputrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pataliputrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pataliputrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pataliputrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pataliputrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarapathahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarapathahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarapathahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biharhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki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Political turmoil in Western India at that time caused by Greek invasion forced Chanakya to leave the
University environment for the city ofPataliputra(presently known asPatna,in the state ofBihar,India),
which was ruled by the Nanda king Dhanananda. Although Chanakya initially prospered in his relations
with the ruler, being a blunt person he was soon disliked by Dhanananda. This ended with Chanakya
being removed from an official position he enjoyed.
According to the Kashmiri version of his legend, Chakya, there is an anecdote which says a thorn had
pricked his foot once. After that instead of uprooting the tree, he poured buttermilk on the tree so that the
ants will gather around tree and finish the tree to its last pieces.
[edit]Media
The story of Chanakya and Chandragupta was taken as film in Telugu language in 1977
entitledChanakya Chandragupta.Akkineni Nageswara Raoplayed the role of Chanakya, whileN. T.
Rama Raoportrayed as Chandragupta.[16]
Television seriesChanakyais archetypal account of the life and times of Chanakya, based on the
play "Mudra Rakshasa" (The Signet Ring of "Rakshasa")
A Television series on Imagine TV available as "Chandragupta Maurya" (The serial is based on the
life of Indian ruler "Chandragupta Maurya" and "Chanakya")[17]
A book has been published in English titled 'Chanakya on Management"{18} in which each of the 216
sutras on raja-neeti has been translated and commented upon. Clearly, the entire system of thought
propounded by Chanakya is based on following good ethical principles.
In hisArthasastra,Chanakya has discussed widely various economic issues. A book written byRatan
Lal Basu& Rajkumar Sen has dealt exhaustively with these economic concepts of Chanakya and
their relevance for the modern world.[18]
Many eminentKauilyaexperts from all over the world had discussed various aspects ofKauilya's
thought in an International Conference held in 1902 at Oriental Research Institute, Mysore,Indiato
celebrate the Centenary of discovery of the manuscript of the ArthashastrabyR. Shamasastry.Most
of the papers presented in the Conference have been compiled in an edited volume by Raj Kumar
Sen andRatan Lal Basu.[19]
Chanakya's ChantbyAshwin Sanghiis a fictional retelling of the life of Chanakya the great political
strategist of ancient India. The novel relates two stories in parallel, the first of Chanakya and his
machinations to bring Chandragupta Maurya to the throne ofMagadha;the second, that of a modern-
day character called Gangasagar Mishra who makes it his ambition to position a slum child as the
Prime Minister of India.
Recently,a popular hindi channel started a Biographical mega series on the life of Chandragupta
Maurya and his teacher,Chanakya.The series is named "CHANDRAGUPTA MAURYA".
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[edit]Legacy
The diplomatic enclave in New Delhi is namedChanakyapuriin honour of Chanakya.
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