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    SET 1 MODUL JUSSA KIMIA STRUCTURE OF ATOM

    2

    PAPER 2

    1 Table 1 shows three substances and their respective formulae.

    Substance Chemical formula

    Zinc Zn

    Naphthalene C10H8

    Magnesium oxide MgO

    Use the information from Table 1 to answer the following questions.

    (a) Which substance contains atom?

    [1 mark]

    (b) Which substance has the lowest melting point?

    [1 mark]

    (c) Which substance can conduct electricity in solid state?

    [1 mark]

    (d) Graph 1 shows the temperature against time when solid naphthalene isheated.

    TABLE 1

    Temperature/oC

    Time/s

    GRAPH 1

    To

    T1

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    SET 1 MODUL JUSSA KIMIA STRUCTURE OF ATOM

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    (i) What is meant by melting point?

    ..

    .. [1 mark]

    (ii) Based on Graph 1, state the melting point of naphthalene.

    .. [1 mark]

    (e) The empirical formula of magnesium oxide can be determined in thelaboratory.

    (i) Draw the set-up of apparatus for the experiment.

    [2 marks]

    (ii) Can the empirical formula of copper (II) oxide be determined by using thesame reaction as in (e)(i)? Explain.

    ..

    . [2 marks]

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    2. Table 2 shows proton number and nucleon number for atoms P, Q and R.Jadual 2 menunjukkan nombor proton dan nombor nukleon bagi atom-atom P, Q dan R.

    Atom

    Atom

    Proton number

    Nombor Pro ton

    Nucleon number

    Nombor nuk leon

    P 11 23

    Q 17 35

    R 17 37

    (a) What is meant by the nucleon number of an atom?Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan nombor nukleon bagi atom?

    [1 mark]

    (b) (i) State the atoms that are isotopes.Nyatakan atom-atom yang merupakan isotop.

    ....... [1 mark]

    (ii) State a reason for your answer in (b)(i).Nyatakan sebab bagi jawapan anda di (b)(i).

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

    (c) Write the electron arrangement of atom P.Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom P.

    .............[1 mark]

    Table 2

    Jadual 2

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    (d) Draw the electron arrangement of ion Q.Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi ion Q.

    [2 marks]

    (e) The information shows the composition of an organic compound S.Maklumat menunjukkan komposisi suatu sebatian organik S.

    Determine the empirical formula of compound S.Tentukan formula empirik bagi sebatian S.

    [3 marks]

    Carbon - 64.87%Karbon

    Hydrogen - 13.51%Hidrogen

    Oxygen - 21.62%Oksigen

    [Relative atomic mass : H=1, C=12, O=16]Jisim atom relatif

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    3. Diagram 3 shows the arrangement of particles of substance X at differenttemperatures.Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan zarah bahan X pada suhu yang berbeza.

    (a) What is the physical state of substance X atApakah keadaan fizikal bahan X pada

    (i) 60 oC : .........................................................................

    (ii) 90 oC : .........................................................................[2 marks]

    (b) State the movement of particles of substance X at 60 oC.Nyatakan pergerakan zarah bahan X pada 60

    oC.

    ............[1 mark]

    (c) Graph 3 shows the graph of temperature against time when substance X isheated from 60 oC to 90 oC.Graf 5 menunjukkan graf suhu melawan masa bila bahan X dipanaskan dari 60

    oC

    kepada 90oC.

    .

    60 oC 90 oCDiagram 3

    Rajah 3

    Temperature/oCSuhu/

    oC

    Time/sMasa/sGraph 3

    Graf 3

    60

    78

    90

    t0 t1 t2 t3

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    SET 1 MODUL JUSSA KIMIA STRUCTURE OF ATOM

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    (i) What is meant by melting point?Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan takat lebur?

    ..

    .. [1 mark]

    (ii) Based on Graph 5, state the melting point of substance X.Berdasarkan Graf 5, nyatakan takat lebur bahan X.

    .. [1 mark]

    (iii) Explain why the temperature remains constant from t1to t2.Terangkan mengapa suhu tidak berubah darit1 hingga t2.

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

    (d) (i) Substance X cannot conduct electricity in any state.State the type of particles of substance X.Bahan X tidak mengkonduksikan elektrik dalam semua keadaan.Nyatakan jenis zarah bagi bahan X.

    ...................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

    (ii) Table 3 shows two substances.Jadual 3 menunjukkan dua bahan.

    Magnesium oxide

    Carbon dioxide

    Which substance has the same type of particles as substance X?Tick ( )the correct answer.Bahan manakah mempunyai jenis zarah yang sama dengan bahan X?Tanda ( ) jawapan yang betul.

    [1 mark]

    Table 3Jadual 3

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    4. Diagram 4 shows the symbols which represent of four elements W, Q, R and S.Rajah 4 menunjukkan simbol yang mewakili empat unsur W, Q, R dan S.

    Diagram 4Rajah 4

    (a) (i) What is the nucleon number for W?Apakah nombor nukleon bagi W?

    .....

    [1 mark]

    (ii) Write the electron arrangement of atom W.Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom W.

    ..... [1 mark]

    (iii) State the position of element R in Periodic Table of Elements. Explainyour answer.Nyatakan kedudukan unsur R dalam Jadual Berkala Berkala. Jelaskan jawapan

    anda.

    ..

    ..

    .. [3 marks]

    (b) (i) State the atoms that are isotopes.Nyatakan atomatom yang merupakan isotop.

    ...................[1 mark]

    (ii) State the reason for your answer in (b)(i).Nyatakan sebab bagi jawapan anda di (b)(i).

    ... [1 mark]

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    SET 1 MODUL JUSSA KIMIA STRUCTURE OF ATOM

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    Solid QPe e al Q

    Gas QGas Q

    ProcessX

    Proses X

    ProcessYProses Y

    (c) Which elements in Diagram 4 is a monoatomic gas?Explain your answer.Antara unsurunsur dalam Rajah 4, yang manakah gas monoatom?Terangkan jawapan anda.

    .... .

    . ..

    [2 marks]

    5 Diagram 5.1 shows the inter-conversion of the two states of matter of substance Q.Rajah 5.1menunjukkan perubahan dua keadaan jirim bagi bahan Q.

    Diagram 5.1Rajah5.1

    (a) Name process X.Namakan proses X.

    . [1 mark]

    (b) When substance Q changes from gas to solid, state the change in term of :Apabila bahan Q berubah daripada keadaan gas kepada pepejal, nyatakan perubahandari segi :

    (i) The energy of the particlesTenaga kinetik zarah-zarah

    ... [1 mark]

    (ii) The forces of attraction between the particlesDaya tarikan antara zarah-zarah

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    ... [1 mark]

    (c) Draw the arrangement of particles of substance Q in solid state.Lukiskan susunan zarah-zarah bahan Qdalam keadaan pepejal.

    [1 mark]

    (d) Diagram 5.2 and Diagram 5.3 shows the apparatus set up of two experiments.Rajah 5.2 dan Rajah 5.3 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi dua eksperimen.

    Diagram 5.2Rajah 5.2

    Diagram 5.3Rajah 5.3

    (i) State the name of the process involved in both experiments.Nyatakan nama proses yang terlibat dalam kedua-dua eksperimen.

    . [1 mark]

    (ii) State the type of particles in copper(II) sulphate crystal.Nyatakan jenis zarah yang terdapat dalam hablur kuprum(II)sulfat.

    .

    after 1 hour

    selepas 1jamcopper(II) sulphatecrystalhablur kuprum(II) sulfat

    blue colour of copper(II)sulphate crystal spreadsthroughout the waterwarna biru hablur kuprum(II)sulfatmerebak keseluruh air

    waterair

    after 3 days

    selepas 3 haricopper(II) sulphatecrystalhablur kuprum(II) sulfat

    blue colour of copper(II)sulphate crystal spreadsthroughout the gelwarna biru hablur kuprum(II)sulfat merebak ke seluruhagar-agar

    gelagar-agar

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    SET 1 MODUL JUSSA KIMIA STRUCTURE OF ATOM

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    [1 mark]

    (iii) Based on Diagram 5.2 and Diagram 5.3, explain the differences in theobservation by using kinetic theory of matter.Berdasarkan Rajah 5.2 dan Rajah 5.3, terangkan perbezaan dalam pemerhatiandengan menggunakan teori kinetik jirim.

    .

    .

    . [3 marks]

    6. Jadual 6 menunjukkan takat lebur, takat didih dan kekonduksian elektrik bagibahanP, Q, R dan T.

    BahanTakat

    lebur(oC)Takat

    didih(oC)

    Kekonduksian elektrik

    Pepejal Larutan akueus

    P 805 1460 Tidak boleh Boleh

    Q 1549 2950 Boleh Boleh

    R -210 -153 Tidak boleh Tidak boleh

    T -7 59 Tidak boleh Tidak boleh

    JADUAL 6

    Berdasarkan Jadual 6, jawab soalan-soalan berikut:-

    (a) Bahan manakah sejenis logam?

    . [1 markah]

    (b) (i) Apakah zarah yang membina bahan P?

    . [1 markah]

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    (ii) Jelaskan mengapakah bahan P boleh mengkonduksikan arus elektrikdalam keadaan leburan tetapi tidak dalam keadaan pepejal?

    .

    .

    [2 markah]

    (c) (i) Apakah keadaan fizik bagi R dan T pada suhu bilik?

    R : ..

    T : ..[2 markah]

    (ii) Lukiskan susunan zarah bagi T pada suhu bilik.

    [1 markah]

    (iii) Terangkan mengapakah takat lebur dan takat didih bahan R dan Tadalah rendah?

    [2 markah]

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    SET 1 MODUL JUSSA KIMIA STRUCTURE OF ATOM

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    7. a) Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan simbol bagi mewakili atom unsur Q

    RAJAH 7.1

    Berpandukan maklumat itu, lukiskan struktur elektron bagi atom Q dannyatakan kedudukan Q dalam Jadual Berkala. Jelaskan?

    [4 markah]

    b) Atom Q bertindak balas dengan oksigen berlebihan untuk membentuk suatupepejal mengikut persamaan berikut.

    4Q(p) + O2 (g) 2Q2O(p)

    Berdasarkan persamaan itu, nyatakan maklumat yang boleh diperolehi danberapakah jisim hasil yang terbentuk jika 2.3 g Q bertindak balas lengkap.[Jisim atom relatif: O,16 ; Q, 23]

    [6 markah]

    c) Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan keluk penyejukan naftalena.

    23

    Q11

    RAJAH 2.2

    79 oC

    Suhu/oC

    Masa/minit

    D

    CB

    A

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    Berdasarkan Rajah 7.2, huraikan perubahan yang berlaku pada setiapbahagian keluk dari segi keadaan fizik, susunan molekul dan daya tarikanantara molekul apabila naftalena disejukkan daripada 90 oC kepada suhu bilik.Kaitkan juga dengan perubahan tenaga haba yang terlibat.

    [10 markah]

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    SET 1 MODUL JUSSA KIMIA PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENT

    1

    PAPER 2

    1. The information shows the chemical symbols which represent elements W, X, Y

    and Z.Maklumat menunjukkan simbol kimia yang mewakili unsur-unsur W, X, Y dan Z.

    W X Y Z

    (a) State three subatomic particles in an atom.Nyatakan tiga zarah subatom dalam atom.

    ...................................[1 mark]

    (b) (i) What is the meaning of the period in the Periodic Table ofelement?Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan kala dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur?

    .................................................................................................................................

    .................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

    (ii) State the period of element W in the Periodic Table of element.Explain.Nyatakan kala bagi unsur W dalam Jadual Berkala unsur. Terangkan.

    ..............................................

    .................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

    (c) (i) Compare the atomic size of element W and X.Bandingkan saiz atom unsur W dan X.

    ................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

    (ii) Explain your answer in (c) (i).Terangkan jawapan anda dalam(c) (i).

    .................................................................................................................................

    27

    13

    35

    17

    12

    6

    23

    11

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    .................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

    (d) Atoms of X and Z can also react to form a compound.Atom X dan atom Z juga boleh bertindak balas untuk membentuk satu sebatian.

    (i) Write the chemical formula for the compound.Tuliskan formula kimia bagi sebatian itu.

    .................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

    (ii) Draw the electron arrangement for the compound formed.Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk.

    [2 marks]

    2. Diagram 2 shows part of the Periodic Table of the Elements.W, X, Y and Z do not represent the actual symbol of the elements.

    Rajah 2 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur.W, X, Y dan Ztidak mewakili simbol sebenar unsur berkenaan.

    X Z Y W

    Diagram 2

    Rajah 2

    Using the letters in the Periodic Table of the Elements in Diagram 2, answer thefollowing questions.Dengan menggunakan huruf yang terdapat dalam Jadual Berkala pada Rajah 2,jawab soalan

    berikut :

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    (a) Choose an element that is an inert gas.Pilih satu unsur gas nadir.

    ..........[1 mark]

    (b) (i) Arrange W,X, Y and Z according to the decrease in size of atoms.Susun W,X, Y dan Z mengikut pengurangan saiz atom.

    . [1 mark]

    (ii) Explain the answer in (b) (i).Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (b) (i).

    .

    .

    . [2 marks]

    (c) (i) Which element is a transition element?Unsur yang manakah merupakan unsur peralihan?

    . [1 mark]

    (ii) State onespecial characteristic of transition element.Nyatakan satuciri istimewa unsur peralihan.

    . [1 mark]

    (d) Draw the electron arrangement for atom X.Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi atom X.

    [1 mark]

    (e) Write the chemical equation when X reacts with oxygen.Tuliskan persamaan kimia apabila Xbertindak balas dengan oksigen.

    ...

    [2 marks]

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    3. Rajah 3 menunjukkan empat unsur yang diwakili oleh huruf A, D, E dan L dalamJadual Berkala.

    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

    A D

    L

    E

    RAJAH 3

    Berdasarkan Jadual Berkala dalam Rajah 3 dengan menggunakan huruf-huruf A,D, E dan L sebagai simbol, jawab semua soalan berikut:

    (a) Nyatakan unsurunsur yang berada dalam kala yang sama

    . [1 markah]

    (b) (i) Unsur manakah merupakan unsur peralihan?

    . .........

    [1 markah]

    (ii) Nyatakan satu ciri bagi unsur dalam (b)(i)

    [1 markah]

    (c) Terangkan mengapa unsur E lebih elektropositif daripada unsur A.

    [2 markah]

    (d) Unsur A boleh membentuk sebatian dengan unsur D.(i) Tuliskan formula sebatian yang terbentuk antara unsur A dan unsur D.

    [1 markah]

    (ii) Nyatakan satu sifat fizik bagi sebatian yang terbentuk antara unsur A dan

    unsur D.

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    [1 markah]

    (iii) Lukiskan gambarajah susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentukantara A dan D.

    [2 markah]

    4. Table 4.1 shows the electron arrangement of elements U, V and W.Jadual 4.1menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi unsur U, V dan W.

    ElementUnsur

    Electron arrangementSusunan elekt ron

    U 2.6

    V 2.1

    W 2.8.1

    a) Based on the Table 4.1,Berdasarkan Jadual 4.1,

    i) Identify one metal and one non-metal element.Kenal pasti satu unsur logam dan satu unsur bukan logam.

    [2 marks]

    ii) State the group and period of element W in the Periodic Table ofElements.Nyatakan kumpulan dan kala bagi unsur W dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.

    [2 marks]

    (iii) The reaction between element U and W produces a compound.Tindak balas antara unsur U dan W menghasilkan suatu sebatian.

    State one property for the compound formed.Nyatakan satu sifat sebatian yang terbentuk.

    Table 4.1Jadual 4.1

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    Draw the electron arrangement for the compound formed.Lukis susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk.

    [3 marks]

    b) Table 4.2 shows the observations of element V and element W when react withwater.Jadual 4.2 menunjukkan pemerhatian bagi unsur V dan unsur W apabila bertindak balasdengan air.

    ElementUnsur

    ObservationPemerhatian

    V

    Element VUnsur V

    waterair

    Element V, moves slowly at random on the water

    surface with a little fizzing sound.The solution formed turns red litmus paper to blue.

    Unsur V, bergerak perlahan secara rawak di ataspermukaan air dengan menghasilkan desiran.Larutan yang terhasil menukarkan kertas litmus merahkepada biru.

    W

    Element WUnsur W

    waterair

    Element W, moves rapidly at random on the surfaceof the water with a hissing sound.The solution formed turns red litmus paper to blue.

    Unsur W, bergerak pantas secara rawak di ataspermukaan air dengan menghasikan bunyi hiss.Larutan yang terhasil menukarkan kertas litmus merahkepada biru.

    Table 4.2

    Jadual 4.2

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    (i) Write the chemical equation when element V reacts with water.Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas apabila unsur V bertindakbalas dengan air.

    [3 marks]

    (ii) Compare the reactivity of elements V and W when react withwater. Explain your answer.Bandingkan kereaktifan unsur V dan W apabila bertindak balas denganair.Terangkan jawapan anda.

    [4 marks]

    (c) Diagram 4 show the set up apparatus used to compare the electricalconductivity of solutions P and Q.Rajah 4 menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan untuk membandingkankekonduksian elektrik larutan P dan Q.

    Based on the observations in Diagram 4,Berdasarkan pemerhatian dalam Jadual 4,

    (i) Identify the type of compound of solution P and solution Q.Kenal pasti jenis sebatian bagi larutan P dan larutan Q.

    [2 marks]

    (ii) Explain why there is a difference in the observations.Terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan dalam pemerhatian itu.

    [4 marks]

    Solution QLarutan Q

    Carbon electrodeElektrod karbon

    Solution PLarutan P

    Bulb lights upMentol menyala

    Bulb does not light upMentol tak menyala

    Diagram 4Rajah 4

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    5 (a) Jadual 5.1 menunjukkan kedudukan atom Q dan R dalam Jadual Berkala.

    Atom Kumpulan Kala

    Q 1 2

    R 16 2

    JADUAL 5.1

    (i) Nyatakan susunan elektron bagi atom Q.Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi ion Q, ion R dan formula kimiabagi sebatian yang terbentuk antara ion Q dan ion R.

    [4 markah]

    (ii) 1.75g unsur Q telah bertindak balas dengan gas klorin yangberlebihan untuk mebentuk satu sebatian klorida. Berapakah jisimhasil yang terbentuk?[Jisim atom relatif: Q, 7 ; Cl, 35.5]

    [6 markah]

    (b) Jadual 5.2 menunjukkan maklumat mengenai unsur-unsur dalam satukala tertentu dalam jadual berkala.

    Simbol R S T U V W

    Nombor Proton 11 12 13 14 15 16

    Jejari Atom 186 160 143 118 110 104

    Keelektronegatifan 0.19 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.5

    JADUAL 5.2

    Berdasarkan Jadual di atas, terangkan perbezaan jejari atom dankeelektronegatifan unsur-unsur apabila merentasi kala dari R ke W.

    [10 markah]

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    SET 1 MODUL JUSSA KIMIA CHEMICAL BONDS

    1

    PAPER 2

    1 Table 1 shows the electron arrangement of elements P,Q, and R. The letters usedare not the actual symbols of the elements.

    Element Electron arrangement

    P 2.1

    Q 2.4

    R 2.6

    Based on Table 1, answer the following questions.

    (a) Which element is alkali metal?

    .. [1 mark]

    (b) Which element exists as diatomic molecule?

    [1 mark]

    (c) Elements Q and R can combine to form a compound.

    (i) Name the type of bonding present in the compound formed.

    .... ...[1 mark]

    (ii) Draw the electron arrangement of the compound formed.

    [2 marks]

    TABLE 1

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    (iii) State one of the physical properties of the compound formed.

    .. .[1 mark]

    (d) Element P combined with element R to form a compound.[Relative atomic mass: P= 7; R= 16]

    (i) Write the formula of the compound.

    [1 mark]

    (ii) Calculate the relative formula mass of the compound formed.

    [2 marks]

    2. a) Isotopes have important uses in our daily lives, for example in medicine,industry, agriculture and archeology. Choose two of the above examples.State an isotope and its purposes in each example that you have chosen.Isotop mempunyai kegunaan yang penting dalam kehidupan harian, contohnyadalam bidang perubatan, industri, pertanian dan arkeologi.Pilih dua contoh diatas. Nyatakan isotop dan kegunaannya dalam setiap contoh yang anda pilih.

    [4 marks]

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    3

    b) Table 2.1 shows the electron arrangement diagram of compound X andY.Jadual 2.1 menunjukkan gambarajah susunan elektron bagi sebatian X dan Y.

    CompoundSebatian Electron arrangement diagramGambarajah susunan elektron

    X

    Y

    (i) Based on Table 2.1, determine the types of compound X and Y.Berdasarkan Jadual 2.1, tentukan jenis sebatian X dan Y.

    [2 marks]

    (ii) Compound X and compound Y have different physical properties.Choose oneof the physical properties that can differentiate betweencompound X and Y. Explain the difference in the physical propertiesbetween compound X and Y.Sebatian X dan sebatian Y mempunyai sifat fizik yang berbeza.Plih satusifat fizik tersebut yang dapat membezakan antara sebatian X and Y.Terangkan perbezaan sifat fizik tersebut di antara sebatian X dan Y.

    [2 marks]

    +

    P+ R-

    _

    R

    RR Q

    R

    Table 2.1Jadual 2.1

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    c) Table 2.2 shows the electron arrangement for atoms W, X, Y and Z.These letters are not the actual symbols of the elements.Jadual 2.2 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi atom-atom W, X, Y and Z.Huruf-huruf ini bukanlah merupakan simbol sebenar unsur.

    ElementUnsur

    Electron arrangementSusunan elektron

    W 2.4

    X 2.6

    Y 2.8.1

    Z 2.8.2

    Table 2.2

    Jadual 2.2

    Using the information in Table 2.2, choose any two elements and explainhow ionic compund and covalent compound are formed.Gunakan maklumat dalam Jadual 10.2, pilih mana-mana dua unsur danterangkan bagaimana sebatian ion dan sebatian kovalen terbentuk.

    [10 marks]

    3 Diagram 3 shows the atomic structure of four elements P, Q, R and S.Rajah 3menunjukkan struktur atom bagi empat unsur P, Q, R danS.

    Diagram 3

    Rajah 3

    (a) Based on Diagram 3, two types of compounds can be formed between twodifferent atoms.Table 3 shows the information about the compounds

    Berdasarkan Rajah 3, dua jenis sebatian boleh dihasilkan antara duaatom yang berlainan.Jadual 3menunjukkan maklumat sebatian tersebut.

    Q R SP

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    Type of compound

    Jenis sebatian .......................................................... ..........................................................2 different atoms

    2 atom berlainan ......................... and ......................... and

    Electronarrangementdiagram

    Gambar rajahsusunan elektron

    Melting point andboiling point

    Takat lebur dantakat didih

    High Low

    Table 3

    Jadual 3(i) Copy and complete your answer in Table 3.

    Salin dan lengkapkan jawapan anda dalam Jadual 3. [6 marks]

    (ii) Based on two atoms that you have chosen in Table 3, explain how theformation of ionic bonding and covalent bonding are different.

    Berdasarkan dua atom yang anda pilih dalam Jadual 3, terangkanbagaimana pembentukan ikatan ionik dan ikatan kovalen berbeza.

    [4 marks]

    (b)

    Plan a laboratory experiment to verify the above statement.

    Rancang satu eksperimen makmal untuk mengesahkan pernyataan diatas.

    [10 marks]

    When going down Group I in the Periodic Table of Element, the reactivity of elements

    increases.Apabila menuruni Kumpulan I dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. kereaktifan unsur-unsur

    bertambah

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    PAPER 2

    1. (a) The equation shows the reaction to produce ammonia in industry.

    N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)

    (i) What is the catalyst used in the reaction?

    .. [1 mark]

    (ii) Ammonia react with sulphuric acid to produce a fertilizer as shown in theequation below.

    2NH3 + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4

    If 100 cm3

    of sulphuric acid 1.0 mol dm-3

    react with excess ammoniasolution, calculate the mass of fertilizer produced.[Relative molecular mass of (NH4)2SO4= 132]

    [3 marks]

    (b) Bronze is a kind of alloy to make the body of aeroplane because it is very lightand strong.

    (i) State the composition of bronze.

    ...[1 mark]

    (ii) Draw the atomic arrangement in bronze.

    [2 marks]

    (iii) Bronze is harder than its pure metal. Explain why.

    ..

    .

    [2 marks]

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    2. Table 2 shows the particulars of four different types of manufactured substancesin industry.Rajah 2menunjukkan butiran tentang empat jenis bahan buatan dalam industri.

    Type of manufacturedsubstanceJenis bahan bu atan

    Example

    Contoh

    Component

    Komponen

    GlassKaca

    BorosilicateBorosilikat

    Silicon dioxide, sodium oxide,calcium oxide and Y.Silikon dioksida, natrium oksida,kalsium oksida dan Y.

    PolymerPolimer

    PolythenePolitena

    EtheneEtena

    AlloyAloi

    BrassLoyang

    Copper and zincKuprum dan zink

    Z BrickBata

    Silicon dioxide, aluminium oxide,

    iron (III) oxide.Silikon dioksida, aluminium oksida,ferum(III) oksida.

    (a) Name the type of manufactured substance Z.Namakan jenis bahan buatan Z.

    .. [1 mark]

    (b) (i) Brass is harder than its pure copper. Explain.Loyang lebih keras daripada logam kuprum tulennya.Terangkan.

    ....

    ........................................................................................................................

    ........................................................................................................................[2 marks]

    (ii) Draw a labeled diagram that shows the arrangement of particles inbrass.Lukis gambar rajah berlabel yang menunjukkan susunan zarah-zarahdalam loyang.

    [2 marks]

    Table 2Jadual 2

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    (c) Substance Y is part of components of borosilicate glass.Bahan Y adalah sebahagian daripada kaca borosilikat.

    (i) Name the substance Y.Namakan bahan Y.

    .......[1 mark]

    (ii) State one characteristic of borosilicate glass compare to the othertypes of glasses.Nyatakan satu sifat kaca borosilikat berbanding dengan kaca jenis yanglain.

    .........[1 mark]

    (d) Diagram 2 shows the structural formula of polythene.Rajah 1 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi politena.

    (i) Draw the structural formula of monomer of polythene.Lukis formula struktur monomer bagi politena.

    [1 mark]

    (ii) State one use of polythene.Nyatakan satu kegunaan politena.

    .................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

    H H H H| | | |

    CC CC| | | |H H H H n

    Diagram 3Rajah 3

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    3. Diagram 3 shows a car.Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebuah kereta.

    (a) (i) The car seat is covered with polyvinyl chloride, PVC which is a

    polymer.What is meant by polymer?Kerusi kereta dibaluti dengan polivinil klorida, PVC iaitu sejenis polimer.Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan polimer?

    .............. .....

    ....................... [1 mark]

    (ii) The monomer of polyvinyl chloride is chloroethene.Draw a structural formula for chloroethene.Monomer bagi polivinil klorida ialah kloroetena.Lukis formula struktur bagi kloroetena.

    [1 mark]

    (iii) Improper disposal of PVC can cause air pollution.Explain.Cara pembuangan PVC yang tidak betul boleh menyebabkanpencemaran udara.Terangkan.

    .............................................................

    ..........[2 marks]

    (iv) State one method to overcome the problem in 2 (a)(iii).Nyatakan satu kaedah untuk mengatasi masalah dalam 2 (a)(iii).

    Diagram 3Rajah 3

    PVC seat coverAlas kerusiPVC

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    .................

    ................. [1 mark]

    (b) There are four types of glasses that are used in our daily lives.Terdapat empat jenis kaca yang digunakan dalam kehidupan harian.

    (i) Name the major component of glass.Namakan komponen utama kaca.

    ..............[1 mark]

    (ii) Table 3 shows three types of glasses and their uses.Complete the table.Jadual 3 menunjukkan jenis kaca dan kegunaannya.Lengkapkan jadual itu.

    Type of glass/Jenis kaca

    Uses / Kegunaan

    Borosilicate glassKaca borosilikat

    Cookware /Alatan memasak Laboratory glassware /Alatankaca makmal

    ............................................. Decorative lamp /Lampu hiasan Prism / Prisma

    . Bottle / Botol Mirrors / Cermin

    [2 marks]

    (iii) Why is borosilicate glass suitable to make cookware and laboratoryglassware?Mengapakaca borosilikat sesuai digunakan untuk membuat alatan memasakdan radas kaca makmal?

    ..........................

    [1 mark]

    Table 3Jadual 3

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    H H H H

    n C = C C C

    H H H H n

    Ethene PolyetheneEtene Polietena

    Diagram 4Rajah 4

    4. Diagram 4 shows the equation for the formation of polyethene. Polyethene is asynthetic polymer.Rajah 4 menunjukkan persamaan pembentukan polietena. Polietena merupakan polimer

    sintetik.

    a) (i) What is meant by polymer?Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan polimer?

    ...........................

    .................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

    (ii) Name the process for the formation of polyethene.Namakan proses bagi pembentukan polietena.

    ....................[1 mark]

    (iii) State one use of polyethene in our daily live.Nyatakan satu kegunaan polietena dalam kehidupan harian.

    ...............................[1 mark]

    b) Synthetic polymers are widely used today, but they are difficult to dispose.Polimer sintetik mempunyai banyak kegunaan pada masa kini, tetapi ia sangat

    sukar untuk dilupuskan.

    (i) It is not wise to dispose synthetic polymers by open burning.Explain why.Adalah tidak bijak melupuskan polimer sintetik dengan kaedahpembakaran terbuka.Terangkan mengapa.

    ......... .

    .................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

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    (ii) State two ways to overcome the problem in b(i).Nyatakan dua cara untuk mengatasi masalah di b(i).

    .......................

    ...........................[2 marks]

    c) Table 4 shows three types of glass used in our daily lives.Jadual 4 menunjukkan tiga jenis kaca yang digunakan dalam kehidupan harian.

    Complete Table 4 below.Lengkapkan Jadual 4 di bawah.

    Type of glassJenis kaca

    ComponentKomponen

    Example of glassContoh kaca

    ..SilicaSilika

    MirrorCermin

    Borosilicate glassKaca borosilikat

    SilicaSilika

    .......

    Calcium oxideKalsium oksida

    Sodium oxideNatrium oksida

    Aluminium oxideAluminium oksida

    Glass lid of slow cookerPenutup kaca alat memasak

    SilicaSilika

    Sodium oxideNatrium oksida

    Calcium oxideKalsium oksida

    Water Jug Glass cupJag air Cawan kaca

    [3 marks]Table 4Jadual 4

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    5 (a) Persamaan berikut mewakili suatu tindak balas penghasilan ammoniadalam industri.

    N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)

    (i) Nyatakan proses tersebut.

    ....[1 markah]

    (ii) Apakah mangkin yang digunakan?

    . ...

    [1 markah]

    (iii) Ammonia bertindak balas dengan asid sulfurik untuk menghasilkan sejenisbaja seperti dalam persamaan di bawah.

    2NH3 + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4

    Jika 100 cm3asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dm-3ditindak balaskan dengan

    ammonia berlebihan, hitung jisim baja yang terhasil.(Jisim atom relatif : H,1 ; N, 14 ; O, 16 ; S, 32)

    [4 markah]

    b) Gangsa adalah sejenis aloi yang digunakan untuk membuat duit syiling keranalebih keras daripada logam tulennya.

    (i) Nyatakan unsur-unsur yang terdapat dalam gangsa.

    .. ........[1 markah]

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    (ii) Lukiskan susunan atom yang terdapat dalam gangsa.

    [2 markah]

    (iii) Terangkan mengapa gangsa lebih keras daripada logam tulennya.

    ..........

    .................................................................................................................................

    .................................................................................................................................[2 markah]

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    PAPER 3

    1. Diagram 1.1 shows the apparatus set-up used in an experiment to compare thehardness of bronze with its pure metal, copper.Rajah 1.1menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan dalam satu eksperimen untukmembandingkan kekerasan gangsa dengan logam tulennya, kuprum.

    .The experiment was carried out according to the following steps:Eksperimen itu dijalankan mengikut langkah-langkah berikut:

    Step 1 Cellophane tape was used to stick a steel ball bearing onto the copperblock.

    Langkah 1 Pita selofen digunakan untuk melekatkan bebola keluli di atas bongkah kuprum.

    Step 2 A one-kilogramweight was hung at the height of 50 cmabove the ballbearing as shown in Diagram 1.1

    Langkah 2 Pemberat satu ki logramdigantung pada ketinggian 50 cmdi atas bebola

    keluli itu seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.1

    Step 3 The weight was dropped so that it hit the ball bearing.Langkah 3 Pemberat itu dijatuhkan supaya menghentam bebola keluli tersebut.

    Step 4 The diameter of dent formed on the copper block was measured and thereading was recorded.

    Langkah 4 Diameter lekuk yang terbentuk pada bongkah kuprum diukur dan bacaannyadirekodkan.

    Step 5 Step 1 to step 4 were repeated by replacing the copper block with bronzeblock.

    Langkah 5 Langkah 1 hingga 4 diulang dengan menggantikan bongkah kuprum denganbongkah gangsa.

    Diagram 1.1Rajah 1.1

    Ruler

    String

    Weight 1 kg

    Steel ball

    Block copper

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    Diagram 1.2Rajah 1.2

    (a) Measure the diameter of dents and record the readings in the spaces provided.Ukur diameter lekuk dan catatkan bacaan pada ruang yang disediakan

    [3 marks]

    (b) Construct a table to record the diameter of dent formed on each copper blockand bronze block

    Bina satu jadual untuk merekod diameter lekuk yang terbentuk pada setiap bongkahkuprum dan bongkah gangsa.

    [3 marks]

    (c) (i) State oneobservation that can be obtained from this experiment.Nyatakan satupemerhatian yang dapat diperoleh daripada eksperimen ini.

    ................................................................................................................................................

    ................................................................................................................................................

    [3 marks]

    Copper blockBongkah kuprum

    Bronze blockBongkah gangsa

    Diameter : . mm Diameter : . mm

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    (ii) What is your inference based on your answer in (c) (i).Apakah inferens anda berdasarkan jawapan anda dalam (c)(i).

    ................................................................................................................................................

    ................................................................................................................................................

    [3 marks]

    (iii) Explain your answer in c(ii)according to the arrangement of particles in thebronze and copper.Terangkan jawapan anda dalam c(ii) berdasarkan susunan zarah-zarah

    dalam gangsa dan kuprum.

    ................................................................................................................................................

    ................................................................................................................................................

    ................................................................................................................................................

    .[3 marks]

    (d) For this experiment, state :Bagi eksperimen ini, nyatakan :

    (i) The manipulated variablePembolehubah dimanipulasikan

    .............................................................................................................................

    (ii) The responding variablePembolehubah bergerak balas

    .............................................................................................................................

    (iii) The fixed variablePembolehubah dimalarkan

    .............................................................................................................................[3 marks]

    (e) State the hypothesis for the experiment.Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

    [3 marks]

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    (f) Based on Diagram 1.1 and 1.2, state the operational definition for the hardnessof alloy.Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2, nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi kekerasan aloi.

    ... ...

    [3 marks]

    (g) The experiment is repeated by dropping one-kilogramweight at the height of 30cm. Predict the diameter of dent on copper block.Eksperimen diulangi dengan menjatuhkan pemberat satu ki logrampada ketinggian

    30cm. Ramalkan diameter lekuk di atas bongkah kuprum.

    ... [3 marks]

    (h) The following is a list of substances:Berikut ialah senarai bahan :

    Classify these substances into alloy and pure metal.Kelaskan bahan-bahan ini kepada aloi dan logam tulen.

    AlloyAloi

    Pure metalLogam tulen

    [3 marks]

    (i) Steel takes a longer time to corrode compared to iron. Explain.Keluli memerlukan masa yang lebih panjang untuk berkarat berbanding dengan besi.Terangkan.

    .......

    ...

    ...

    [3 marks]

    Antimony Bronze CopperAntimoni Gangsa Kuprum

    Brass Pewter TinLoyang Piuter Timah

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    PAPER 2

    1. Experiments are carried out to investigate the rate of reaction between zinc and nitricacid.

    Table 1 shows the information of reactants used in each experiment.

    Experiment Reactant

    I Excess zinc granules and 50.0 cm3of 0.2 mol dm-3nitric acid.

    II Excess zinc granules and 50.0 cm3of 0.1 mol dm-3nitric acid.

    The maximum volume of gas released in Experiment II is 60 cm3. The graph for thevolume of gas against time for Experiment II is sketched as shown in Graph 2.

    a) Based on the experiment, define the meaning of the rate of reaction.

    [1 mark]

    b) Write the chemical formula for the gas released in these experiments.

    [1 mark]

    TABLE 1

    Volume of gas/cm

    Time/s

    60

    80

    GRAPH 1

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    c) Calculate the average rate of reaction for Experiment II.

    [1 mark]

    d) The chemical equation for Experiment I is shown below.

    Zn + 2HNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + H2

    Based on Table 4, calculate the maximum volume of gas released inExperiment I.[1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3at room temperature and pressure]

    [3 marks]

    e) Sketch the curve for Experiment I on the same axes in Graph 2.

    [2 marks]

    f) Using the collision theory, explain why there is a difference between therate of reaction in Experiments I and Experiment II.

    [3 marks]

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    (i) What is the volume of hydrogen gas released in Experiment II compare toExperiment I? Explain.Apakah isipadu gas hydrogen yang dibebaskan dalam Eksperimen II berbandingEksperimen I.

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

    (ii) The graph for the volume of gas against time for Experiment I is sketchedas shown in Graph 2.1.Graf isipadu gas melawan masa untuk Eksperimen I dilakarkan sepertiditunjukkan dalam Graf 2.1

    Sketch the curve for experiment II on the same axes in Graph 2.1Lakarkan lengkung untuk Eksperimen II di atas paksi yang sama dalam Graf 2.1.

    [2 marks]

    (ii) Referring to the collision theory of particles, explain how does copper (II)sulphate solution affects the rate of reaction?Merujuk kepada teori perlanggaran, terangkan bagaimana larutan kuprum(II)sulfat mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas?

    .....

    ............

    ...................................................................................................................................[3 marks]

    Volume of hydrogen gas/cm3

    Isipadu gas hidrogen/cm3

    Time/sMasa/s

    Graph 2.1Graf 2.1

    Key :Kunci

    Experiment I:Eksperimen I

    Experiment II:Eksperimen II

    V

    Experiment IEkpserimen I

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    c) Table 2 shows three experiments done by a student.Jadual 2 menunjukkan tiga eksperimen yang telah dijalankan oleh seorangpelajar.

    Experiment

    Eksper imen

    Reactants

    Bahan t indak balas

    A

    Excess calcium carbonate chips and 25 cm3of 1.0 mol dm-3hydrochloric acid.

    Ketulan kalsium karbonat berlebihan dan 25 cm3asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm

    -3.

    B

    Excess calcium carbonate chips and 25 cm3of 0.5 mol dm-3hydrochloric acid.

    Ketulan kalsium karbonat berlebihan dan 25 cm3asid hidroklorik 0.5 mol dm

    -3.

    C

    Excess calcium carbonate chips and 100 cm3of 0.5 mol dm-3hydrochloric acid.

    Ketulan kalsium karbonat berlebihan dan 100 cm3asid hidroklorik 0.5 mol dm

    -3.

    The graph of carbon dioxide gas produced against time is sketch as shown in Graph2.2.Graf bagi karbon dioksida yang terhasil melawan masa dilakarkan seperti ditunjukkan dalamGraf 2.2.

    Table 2Jadual 2

    Experiment A

    Time/sMasa/s

    Volume of carbon dioxide/ cm

    Isipadu karbon dioksida/cm3

    GRAPH 2.2GRAF 2.2

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    Based on Table 2 and graph 2.2 , determine which curves represent the results ofExperiment B and Experiment C. Write your answers in the boxes provided.

    Berdasarkan Jadual 2 dan Graf 2.2, tentukan lengkung manakah mewakili keputusan bagiEksperimen B dan C. Tuliskan jawapan anda dalam kotak yang disediakan.

    [2 marks]

    3. Jadual 3 menunjukkan masa tindak balas bagi dua eksperimen yang dijalankan untukmengkaji tindak balas antara 50 cm3asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm-3dengan kalsiumkarbonat yang berlebihan.

    Eksperimen Bahan Tindak balas Masa tindak balas/s

    I50.0 cm3asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm-3dan ketulankalsium karbonat

    50.0

    II50.0 cm3asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm-3dan serbukkalsium karbonat

    32.0

    JADUAL 3

    a) Berdasarkan Jadual 3, nyatakan faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindakbalas tersebut.

    [1 markah]

    b) Namakan gas yang terbebas dalam kedua-dua eksperimen itu.

    [1 markah]

    c) Hitungkan isipadu maksimum gas yang terbebas dalam kedua-duaeksperimen itu.[1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3pada suhu bilik]

    [3 marks]

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    d) Berdasarkan jawapan di (c), hitungkan kadar tindak balas purata bagi

    (i) Eksperimen I

    [1 markah]

    (ii) Ekperimen II

    [1 markah]

    e) Bandingkan kadar tindak balas bagi Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II.Terangkan dengan merujuk kepada Teori Perlanggaran mengapa terdapatperbezaan kadar tindak balas dalam eksperimen tersebut.

    ..

    ..

    ..

    ..

    [4 markah]

    4. (a) Smaller pieces of charcoal are easily burnt compare to bigger pieces ofcharcoal. Explain why.Arang bersaiz kecil lebih cepat terbakar berbanding arang yang besar.

    Terangkan mengapa.

    [4 marks]

    (b) A group of students carried out three experiments to investigate thefactors affecting the rate of reaction. Table 4 shows the results of theexperiments.Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan tiga eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor-faktoryang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas. Jadual 4 menunjukkan keputusan bagieksperimen itu.

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    ExperimentEksperimen

    I II III

    Set-up ofapparatusSusunan radas

    Temperature / oCSuhu /

    oC

    30 35 30

    Time taken for Xmark todisappear fromsight / s

    Masa yang diambiluntuk tanda Xtidak kelihatan / s

    18 10 50

    (i) Calculate the average rate of reaction for Experiment I andExperiment II.Hitungkan kadar tindak balas purata bagi Eksperimen I danEksperimen II.

    [2 marks]

    (ii) The chemical equation below shows the reaction between sulphuricacid and sodium thiosulphate solution.Persamaan kimia di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas antara asid sulfurikdengan larutan natrium tiosulfat.

    Na2S2O3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + SO2 + S + H2O

    Calculate the maximum mass of sulphur produced inExperiment III.[ Relative Atomic Mass : S = 32 ]Hitung jisim maksimum sulfur yang terhasil dalam Eksperimen III.[ Jisim Atom Relatif : S = 32 ]

    [4 marks]

    Table 4Jadual 4

    50 cm of 0.2 moldm-3sodium

    thiosulphate solution50 cm

    3larutan

    natrium tiosulfat0.2 mol dm

    -3

    +10 cm

    3of 1.0 mol

    dm-3sulphuric acid

    10 cm3asid sulfurik

    1.0 mol dm-3

    50 cm of 0.2 moldm-3sodium

    thiosulphate solution50 cm

    3larutan

    natrium tiosulfat0.2 mol dm

    -3

    +10 cm

    3of 1.0 mol

    dm-3sulphuric acid

    10 cm3asid sulfurik

    1.0 mol dm-3

    50 cm of 0.1 moldm-3sodium

    thiosulphate solution50 cm

    3larutan

    natrium tiosulfat0.1 mol dm

    -3

    +10 cm

    3of 1.0 mol

    dm-3sulphuric acid

    10 cm3asid sulfurik

    1.0 mol dm-3

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    (iii) Based on Table 4, compare the rate of reaction betweenBerdasarkan Jadual 4, bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara

    Experiment I and Experiment IIEksperimen I dan Eksperimen II

    Experiment I and Experiment IIIEksperimen I dan Eksperimen III

    In each case, explain the difference in the rate of reaction withreference to the Collision Theory.Bagi setiap kes, terangkan perbezaan kadar tindak balas dengan merujukkepada Teori Perlanggaran.

    [10 marks]

    5. (a) Food can be cooked faster when smaller pieces of charcoal are usedcompare to bigger pieces of charcoal. Explain why.Makanan akan lebih cepat masak apabila menggunakan arang yang bersaizkecil berbanding arang bersaiz besar. Terangkan mengapa.

    [4 marks]

    (b) A group of students carried out three experiments to investigate thefactors affaecting the rate of reaction between sulphuric acid and zinc.Table 5 shows the results of the experiments.Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan tiga eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor-faktoryang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas di antara asid sulfurik dan zink.Jadual 5 menunjukkan keputusan bagi eksperimen itu.

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    ExperimentEksperimen

    I II III

    Set-up ofapparatus

    Susunan radas

    Time taken tocollect 40cm

    3

    of hydrogengas/sMasa yangdiambil untukmengumpulkan40 cm

    3 gas

    hydrogen/s

    80 160240

    (i) Calculate the average rate of reaction for experiment II.Hitungkan kadar tindak balas purata bagi eksperimen II.

    [1 mark]

    (ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between zinc andsulphuric acid.Calculate the maximum volume of hydrogen gas produced inExperiment III.[ 1 mol of gas occupies the volume of 24 dm 3at room temperature

    and pressure]Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara zink dengan asidsulfurik.Hitungkan isipadu maksimum gas hidrogen yang terhasil dalamEksperimen III.[ 1 mol gas menempati isipadu sebanyak 24 dm

    3pada suhu dan tekanan

    bilik]

    [5 marks]

    Table 5Jadual 5

    Zinc powderSerbuk zink

    50 cm of 1.0 mol dm-sulphuric acid

    50 cm3asid sulfurik1.0 mol dm

    -3

    Hydrogen gasGas hidrogen

    Zinc granuleKetulan zink

    50 cm of 1.0 mol dm-sulphuric acid

    50 cm3asid sulfurik1.0 mol dm

    -3

    Hydrogen gasGas hidrogen

    Zinc granuleKetulan zink

    50 cm of 0.5 mol dm-sulphuric acid

    50 cm3asid sulfuric 0.5 mol dm

    -3

    Hydrogen gasGas hidrogen

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    (iii) Based on Table 5, compare the rate of reaction betweenBerdasarkan Jadual 5 bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara

    Experiment I and experiment IIEksperimen I and experiment II

    Experiment II and experimen IIIEksperimen II dan eksperimen III

    In each case, explain the difference in the rate of reaction withreference to the Collision Theory.Bagi setiap kes, terangkan perbezaan kadar tindak balas denganmerujuk kepada Teori Perlanggaran.

    [10 marks]

    6 Table 6 shows the data from Experiment I and Experiment II that were carriedout to study the rate of reaction of zinc with two acids, hydrochloric acid and acid

    P.Jadual 6 menunjukkan data daripada Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II yang dijalankanuntuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas antara zink dengan dua asid, asid hidroklorik dan asidP.

    Experiment

    Eksperimen

    Reactants

    Bahan t ind ak balas

    Product

    Hasil

    t indakbalas

    Observation

    Pemerhat ian

    I

    2.6 g of zinc and 50 cm3of hydrochloric acid,HCl2.0 mol dm-3

    2.6 g zink dengan 50 cm3asid hidroklorik,HCl2.0 mol dm

    -3

    Zincchloride andhydrogengas

    Zink kloridadan gashidrogen

    The temperatureof the mixture

    increases

    Suhu campuranmeningkat

    II

    2.6 g of zinc and 50 cm3of acid P2.0 mol dm-3

    2.6 g zink dengan 50 cm3

    asid P 2.0 mol dm-3

    Zinkethanoateandhydrogengas

    Zinkethanoatedan gashidrogen

    The temperatureof the mixture

    increases

    Suhu campuranmeningkat

    Table 6Jadual6

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    (a) (i) State the name of acid P.Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of this acid with zinc.Namakan asid P.Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas asid ini dengan zink.

    [3 marks]

    (ii) Catalyst is needed to increase the rate of reaction in Experiment I.Draw an energy profile diagram for Experiment I.On the energy profile diagram, show the

    Activation energy without catalyst, Ea

    Activation energy with catalyst, Ea

    Explain the energy profile diagram.Lukis satu gambar rajah profil tenaga untuk tindak balas dalam Eksperimen I.Pada gambar rajah profil tenaga itu tunjukkan:

    Tenaga pengaktifan tanpa mangkin,Ea.

    Tenaga pengaktifan dengan mangkin, Ea

    Terangkan gambar rajah profil tenaga itu.[7 marks]

    (b) Another experiment is carried out to study the factors that affect the rate ofthe reaction.Diagram 8 shows a graph obtained from an experiment using magnesiumribbon that reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.Eksperimen lain telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji faktor yang mempengaruhi kadartindak balas.Rajah 8 menunjukkan graf yang diperolehi daripada eksperimen menggunakan

    pita magnesium yang bertindak balas dengan asid hidroklorik cair.

    Volume of hydrogen gas/cm3Isipadu gas hydrogen/cm3

    III II

    I

    Time/sMasa/s

    Diagram 6

    2V

    V

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    (i) If curve I represents the result from the experiment using excessmagnesium ribbon reacting with 50 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid,describe briefly an experiment to obtain the curve labelled II.Jika lengkung I mewakili keputusan eksperimen menggunakan pita magnesiumberlebihan yang bertindak balas dengan 50 cm3 0.5 mol dm-3 asid hidroklorik,huraikan dengan ringkas suatu eksperimen untuk mendapatkan lengkung berlabel

    II.

    [3 marks]

    (ii) State the reason for your suggested changes in (b)(i) and explain basedon the collision theory.Nyatakan sebab bagi cadangan perubahan dalam (b)(i) dan terangkan

    berdasarkan Teori Perlanggaran.

    [ 6 marks]

    (iii) Suggest one factor that influence the rate of reaction to obtaincurve III.

    Cadangkan satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindakbalas untuk mendapatkan lengkung III.

    [ 1 mark]

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    (ii) Jika 0.12 g pita magnesium digunakan dalam ketiga-tiga eksperimen,hitungkan isipadu maksimum gas hidrogen yang terbebas.(Jisim Atom Relatif: Mg, 24; isipadu molar gas: 24 dm3mol-1padakeadaan bilik)

    [3 markah]

    b) (i) Hitungkan kadar tindak balas purata bagi Eksperimen I, II dan III.

    [3 markah]

    (ii) Lakarkan isipadu gas hidrogen melawan masa bagi Eksperimen I, II dan IIIpada paksi yang sama.

    [3 markah]

    (iii) Bandingkan kadar tindak balas bagi Eksperimen I dengan Eksperimen IIdan Eksperimen II dengan Eksperimen III. Terangkan dengan merujukkepada Teori Perlanggaran mengapa terdapat perbezaan kadar tindakbalas dalam eksperimen tersebut.

    [8 markah]

    c) Bahan makanan menjadi cepat rosak bila disimpan pada suhu bilik. Jikamakanan disimpan dalam peti sejuk, makanan itu boleh disimpan selamabeberapa hari. Jelaskan fenomena ini.

    [2 markah]

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    PAPER 3

    1 Two experiments are conducted to study the effect of the size of reactant on therate of reaction between marble chips and dilute hydrochloric acid.

    Experiment I : 2 g of large marble chips react with 20.0 cm

    3

    of 0.2 mol dm

    -3

    hydrochloric acid.

    Experiment II : 2 g of small marble chips react with 20.0 cm3of 0.2 mol dm-3hydrochloric acid.

    The volumes of gas released are recorded in Table 2.

    Experiment I

    Time/s 0 60 120 180 240 300 360

    Volume of gas/ cm3 0.0 22.5 32.0 37.0 40.5 42.0 42.0

    Experiment II

    Time/s 0 60 120 180 240 300 360

    Volume of gas/ cm3 0.0 28.0 36.5 41.0 42.0 42.0 42.0

    a) By using the same axes, draw a graph of the volume of gas released againsttime for Experiment I and II.

    b) Based on the graph plotted in (a),

    (i) state your inference for this experiment.

    (ii) calculate the rate of reaction at 90 seconds for Experiment II.

    c) Based on these two experiments, complete the following table.

    TABLE 1

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    Manipulated variable The way to manipulate variable

    Responding variable How the variable responds

    Controlled variable The way to maintain the controlled variable

    d) State the hypothesis for this experiment.

    ...

    e) One kilogramme of meat, cut into big pieces, takes a longer time to becooked compared to one kilogramme of meat cut into small pieces.Explain .

    .

    2. Two experiments are conducted to study the effect of the size of marble chips on therate of reaction.

    Dua eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan saiz bahan tindak balas terhadap kadartindak balas.

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    Experiment I: 2 g of large marble chips react with 20.0 cm3of0.2 mol dm-3hydrochloric acid

    Eksperimen I: 2 g ketulan marmar bertindak balas dengan 20.0 cm3asid

    hidroklorik 0.2 mol dm-3

    Experiment II: 2 g of small marble chips react with 20.0 cm3of

    0.2 mol dm-3hydrochloric acidEksperimen II: 2 g cebisan marmar bertindak balas dengan 20.0 cm

    3asid

    hidroklorik 0.2 mol dm-3

    Diagram 2.1 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the effect of the size ofmarble chips on the rate of reaction.Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji kesan saiz batu marmar ke atas kadartindak balas.

    Diagram 2.1

    Rajah 2.1

    The volume of gas released is recorded in Table 2.1 and Table 2.2.Isipadu gas yang terbebas direkodkan dalam Jadual 2.1 dan Jadual 2.2.

    Experiment IEksperimen I

    Time / sMasa / s

    0 60 120 180 240 300 360

    Burette reading / cm3Bacaan buret / cm

    350.00

    18.0018.00 13.00 9.50 8.00 8.00

    Volume of gas / cm3Isipadu gas / cm

    30.00 32.00 37.00 40.50 42.00 42.00

    Table 2.1Jadual 2.1

    Hydrochloric acidsolution

    Marble chipsmarmar

    WaterAir

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    Experiment IIEksperimen II

    Time / sMasa / s 0 60 120 180 240 300 360

    Burette reading / cm3Bacaan buret / cm

    350.00 22.00 13.50 9.00 8.00 8.00 8.00

    Volume of gas / cm3Isipadu gas / cm

    30.00 28.00 36.50 41.00 42.00 42.00 42.00

    Table 2.2

    Jadual 2.2

    Diagram 2.2 shows the burette reading for Experiment I at 60 seconds.Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan bacaan buret bagi Eksperimen I pada 60 saat.

    (a) Record the burette reading and the volume of gas released at 60 seconds inTable 1.1Rekodkan bacaan buret dan isipadu gas yang terbebas pada 60 saat dalam Jadual 1.1.

    [3 marks]

    (b) By using the same axes, draw a graph of the volume of gas released against timefor Experiment I and II.Dengan menggunakan paksi yang sama, lukiskan graf isipadu gas yang terbebas melawanmasa bagi Eksperimen I dan II.

    [3 marks]

    Burette reading at 60 secondsBacaan buret pada 60 saat

    25

    24

    23

    Diagram 2.2Rajah 2.2

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    (c) Based on the graph in (b), which experiment has a higher rate of reaction? Explain.Berdasarkan graf yang dilukis di (b), eksperimen manakah mempunyai kadar tindak balasyang lebih tinggi? Terangkan.

    ..

    ...

    [3 marks]

    (d) What can you observe during the experiment?Apakah yang dapat diperhatikan semasa eksperimen?

    ...

    [3 marks]

    (e) Based on the observation in (d), state the inference.

    Berdasarkan pemerhatian dalam (d), nyatakan inferens.

    ..[3 marks]

    (f) Based on Diagram 1.1, state the operational definition for the rate of reaction.Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1 nyatakan definasi secara operasi bagi kadar tindak balas.

    ...

    ...[3 marks]

    (g) (i) State the variables involved in this experiment.Nyatakan pemboleh ubah yang terlibat dalam eksperimen ini.

    Manipulated variable /Pemboleh ubah manipulatif:

    Responding variable / Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas:

    Constant variable / Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan:

    [3 marks]

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    (ii) State how you would manipulate one variable while keeping the othervariables constant.Nyatakan bagaimana anda memanipulasikan satu pemboleh ubah manakalamengekalkan pemboleh ubah yang lain.

    .....

    .....

    .

    [3 marks]

    (h) State the hypothesis for this experiment.Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

    ... [3 marks]

    (i) Predict the volume of gas released at 420 seconds in Experiment I.Ramalkan isipadu gas yang terbebas pada 420 saat dalam Eksperimen I.

    ...[3 marks]

    (j) Classify the following reaction into fast reaction and slow reaction.Kelaskan tindak balas berikut kepada tindak balas cepat dan tindak balas lambat.

    [3 marks]

    (k) Large pieces of charcoal takes a longer time to be lighted up compare to smallpieces of charcoal. Explain.Arang kayu bersaiz besar memerlukan masa yang panjang untuk dinyalakan berbandingdengan arang kayu besaiz kecil. Terangkan.

    [3 marks]

    Rusting, Fermentation, Neutralization,Pengaratan, Penapaian, Peneutralan

    Combustion, Corrosion, DisplacementPembakaran, Kakisan, Penyesaran

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    3 Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi eksperimen yang dijalankan olehseorang pelajar untuk mengkaji kesan suhu terhadap kadar tindak balas antaralarutan natrium tiosulfat dan asid sulfurik.

    RAJAH 3

    Sebuah kelalang kon 250 cm3yang mengandungi 50 cm3larutan natrium tiosulfat0.05 mol dm3pada suhu 30oC, diletakkan di atas tanda X pada sehelai kertas

    putih. 10 cm3

    asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm3

    dicampurkan kepada larutan natriumtiosulfat tersebut dan digoncang. Pada masa yang sama, jam randik dimulakan.Jam randik dihentikan sebaik sahaja tanda X tidak boleh kelihatan.

    Langkah eksperimen yang sama diulangi bagi larutan natrium tiosulfat yangdipanaskan sehingga suhu 35 oC, 40 oC, 45 oC, dan 50 oC.

    Jadual 3 menunjukkan data yang diperolehi daripada eksperimen tersebut.

    Eksperimen Suhu (oC)Masa yang diambil untuk tandaX tidak kelihatan (s) masa

    1 (s-1)

    1 30 33

    2 35 24

    3 40 19

    4 45 16

    5 50 14

    JADUAL 3

    a) Hitungkan nilaimasa

    1pada 3 tempat perpuluhan dan lengkapkan Jadual 2,

    seterusnya lukiskan graf suhu melawanmasa

    1 .

    Kertas putih bertanda X

    Larutan natrium tiosulfat +asid sulfurik cair

    xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

    panaskan

    Larutan natrium tiosulfat

    Termometer

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    b) Lengkapkan Jadual 3 berdasarkan eksperimen itu.

    JADUAL 3

    c) Nyatakan satu hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

    ..

    ..

    ...

    Pemboleh ubah Tindakan yang perlu diambil

    i) Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan

    .

    .

    .

    i) Cara mengubah pemboleh ubahdimanipulasikan

    .

    .

    .

    ii) Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas

    ...

    ii) Apa yang diperhatikan dalampemboleh ubah bergerak balas.

    .

    .

    .

    iii) Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan

    ..

    ..

    ..

    iii) Cara menetapkan pemboleh ubahdimalarkan.

    ...

    .

    .

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    d) Berdasarkan graf, apakah yang diwakili olehmasa

    1 .

    ..............................................

    e) Susu tahan lebih lama apabila disimpan dalam peti sejuk berbandingdengan susu yang dibiarkan pada suhu bilik. Dengan menggunakanpengetahuan kimia anda, nyatakan hubungan antara suhu dengan kadarkerosakkan suhu.

    4.

    Referring to the situation above, plan a laboratory experiment to investigate theeffect of concentration orcatalyst on the rate of reaction between a named acid

    and a named metal.

    Merujuk kepada situasi di atas, rancangkan satu eksperimen dalam makmal untukmengkaji kesan kepekatan ataukesan mangkin terhadap kadar tindak balas antara suatuasid yang dinamakandan suatu logam yang d inamakan

    Your planning should include the following aspects:Perancangan anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek berikut:

    (a) Problem statementPernyataan masalah

    (b) All the variables

    Semua pemboleh ubah

    (c) HypothesisHipotesis

    (d) List of materials and apparatusSenarai bahan dan radas

    (e) ProcedureProsedur

    (f) Tabulation of dataPenjadualan data

    [17 marks]

    Metal reacts with acid to form salt and hydrogen gas.Logam bertindak balas dengan asid untuk membentuk garam dan gas hydrogen.

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    PAPER 2

    1. Diagram 1 shows the structural formula of an unsaturated hydrocarbon M.

    Compound M

    (a) What is meant by unsaturated hydrocarbon?

    ....................................................................[2 marks]

    (b) (i) Write the name of compound M.

    .................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

    (ii) Draw the structural formulae for another two isomers of compound M.

    [2 marks]

    (c) (i) Compound K has 6 carbon atoms and in the same homologous series ascompound M. Write the molecular formula for compound K.

    .................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

    C C

    H H

    H

    H

    C C

    H H

    H

    H

    DIAGRAM 1

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    (ii) Compound L is a saturated hydrocarbon with the same number of carbonatoms as compound K. The quantity of soot produced during combustionreaction is different between compound K and compound L. Explain.[Relative atomic mass: H=1, C=12, O=16]

    .................................................................................................................................

    .................................................................................................................................

    .................................................................................................................................

    [3 marks]

    (d) A few drops of acidic potassium permanganate solution is added into a testtube containing compound K.

    (i) State the observation for this reaction.

    .................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

    (ii) Write a chemical equation for this reaction.

    .................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

    2. Diagram 2.1 shows the changes of a carbon compound involving a series ofreaction.Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan perubahan suatu sebatian karbon yang melibatkan beberapa siritindak balas.

    (a) Write the molecular formula of butane.Tuliskan formula molekul bagi butana.

    .............................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

    ButanolButanol

    ButeneButena

    ButaneButana

    PorcelainChips

    Serpihanporselin

    HeatPanas

    H2

    HeatPanas

    Diagram 2.1Rajah 2.1

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    (b) Draw the structural formulae of two isomers of butane.Lukiskan formula struktur bagi dua isomer butana.

    [2 marks]

    (c) Table 2 shows the results of a test to differentiate between butane and butene.Jadual 2 menunjukkan keputusan ujian untuk membandingkan antara butana danbutena.

    ProcedureProsedur

    ObservationPemerhatian

    Bromine water is added to butene.Air bromin ditambahkan kepada butena.

    Brown colour is decolourised.Warna perang dinyahwarnakan.

    Bromine water is added to butane.Air bromin ditambahkan kepada butana.

    Brown colour remains.Warna perang kekal.

    Based on Table 2, explain why there is a difference in these observation.Berdasarkan Jadual 2, terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan dalam pemerhatian ini.

    .....................................................................................................................................

    .....................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

    (d) Butene reacts with hydrogen to produce butane. Write the chemical equation ofthe reaction.Butena bertindak balas dengan hidrogen untuk menghasilkan butane.Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini.

    .....................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

    Table 2Jadual 2

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    (e) Butene can be obtained from the reaction of butanol through dehydrationprocess. Draw a labeled diagram of the set-up of the apparatus for theexperiment.Butena boleh didapati daripada tindak balas butanol melalui proses penghidratan.Lukis gambar rajah berlabel susunan radas untuk eksperimen ini.

    [2 marks](f) Diagram 2.2 shows the burning of hexane and hexene in air.

    Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan pembakaran heksana dan heksena dalam udara.

    Compare the sootiness of hexane and hexene. Explain.Bandingkan kejelagaan bagi heksana dan heksena. Terangkan.

    .....................................................................................................................................

    .....................................................................................................................................

    .....................................................................................................................................

    [2 marks]

    Porcelain dishMangkuk pijar

    Diagram 2.2Rajah 2.2

    Filter paperKertas turas

    SootJelaga

    HexeneHeksena

    HexaneHeksana

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    Process IProsesI

    Hydrogenation

    Penghidrogen

    CH3CH2CH2OH

    Propanol

    C3H6Compound Q

    Sebatian Q

    C3H8Compound R

    SebatianR

    3 Diagram 3.1 shows the reaction of propanol to form compound R.Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan tindak balas propanol untuk menghasilkan sebatian R.

    Diagram 3.1Rajah 3.1

    (a) Name the homologous series of propanol.Namakan siri homolog bagi propanol.

    ... [1 mark]

    (b) Compound Q,C3H6 is produced through Process I.Draw and name the structural formula of compound Q.Sebatian Q, C3H 6dihasilkan melalui Proses I.Lukis dan namakan formula struktur bagi sebatian Q.

    [2 marks]

    (c) Draw the apparatus set-up for process I.Lukis susunan radas bagi proses I.

    [2 marks]

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    (d) Compound Q and compound R burnt incompletely and produce soot.Calculatethe percentage of carbon for compound Q and compound R.[Relative atomic mass : C = 12; H = 1]Sebatian Q dan sebatian R terbakar tidak lengkap dan menghasilkan jelaga.Hitungkanperatus karbon bagi sebatian Qdan sebatian R.[Jisim atom relatif :C = 12; H = 1]

    [2 marks]

    (e) Based on the calculation in (d),Berdasarkan pengiraan di (d),

    Compare the sootiness produced from compound Q and compound R. Explain.Bandingkan kejelagaan yang terhasil daripada sebatian Qdan sebatian R.Terangkan.

    .

    .

    .

    [2 marks]

    (f) Compound Q undergoes hydrogenation process to produce compound R.Sebatian Q mengalami proses penghidrogenan untuk menghasilkan sebatian R.

    State the catalyst and temperature used in this process.Nyatakan mangkin dan suhu yang digunakan dalam proses ini.

    (i) Catalyst

    Mangkin: ..

    (ii) TemperatureSuhu :

    [2 marks]

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    4. Rajah 4 menunjukkan beberapa penukaran sebatian organik kepada sebatian-sebatian yang melalui tindak balas I, II, III dan IV.

    RAJAH 4

    (a) Namakan siri homolog bagi C2H4.

    .. [1 markah]

    (b) Sebatian C2H4terbakar lengkap melalui tindak balas IV untuk menghasilkangas X dan air.

    (i) Namakan gas X.

    ...... [1 markah]

    (ii) Tuliskan persamaan bagi tindak balas IV.

    .. [1 markah]

    (iii) Hitungkan isipadu gas X yang terbebas sekiranya 0.5 mol C2H4terbakardengan lengkap dalam udara.[1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3pada suhu dan tekanan bilik]

    [2 markah]

    C2H6O

    C2H4

    C2H6O2

    Gas X + H2O

    I

    III

    IV

    II

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    (c) Nyatakan pemerhatian yang berlaku ke atas larutan kalium dikromat(VI) berasiddalam proses III.

    . [1 markah]

    (d) C2H6O bertindak balas dengan C2H4O2untuk menghasilkan Y.

    (i) Namakan Y.

    . [1 markah]

    (ii) Lukiskan formula struktur bagi Y.

    [1 markah]

    (e) C2H4dapat disediakan daripada C2H6O melalui tindak balas II.

    (i) Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu.

    .. [1 markah]

    (ii) Lukiskan gambar rajah susunan radas bagi tindak balas itu.

    [2 markah]

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    5. Rajah 5 menunjukkan beberapa penukaran sebatian karbon melalui tindak balasI, II, III dan IV.

    RAJAH 5

    (a) Namakan tindak balas I.

    [1 markah]

    (b) Lukiskan gambar rajah susunan radas bagi tindak balas II di dalam makmal.

    [2 markah]

    I

    II

    IV

    III

    Butan-1-ol But-1-ena

    Butil etanoat

    Asid butanoik Butena

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    (c) (i) Namakan bahan uji yang digunakan bagi tindak balas III.

    [1 markah]

    (ii) Nyatakan pemerhatian dalam (c)(i).

    [1 markah]

    (d) But-1-ena adalah isomer bagi butena. Lukiskan formula struktur bagi isomer-isomer butena selain daripada but-1-ena.

    [2 markah]

    (e) Persamaan kimia di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas pembakaran but-1-ena.

    C4H8 (g) + 6O2 (g) 4CO2 (g) + 4H2O(ce)

    Hitungkan isipadu gas karbon dioksida yang terbebas apabila 5.6 g but-1-enaterbakar lengkap dalam oksigen berlebihan.[Jisim atom relatif: C,12; H,1; O,16][1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3pada keadaan bilik]

    [3 markah]

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    (f) Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas IV.

    [1 markah]

    6.(a) Ethanol is a solvent which undergoes a complete combustion reaction in excess

    oxygen. If 0.46 g ethanol is burnt completely in oxygen, calculate the volume ofcarbon dioxide gas released.[Relative atomic mass: C=12, O=16 , 1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm3at roomtemperature and pressure]

    [4 marks]

    (b) Ethanol and buthanol are two compounds in the alcohol homologous series.Compare and contrast the properties of ethanol and buthanol in term of boiling

    point and electrical conductivity. Explain.

    [6 marks]

    (c) You are required to prepare one namely ester by using ethanoic acid as one ofthe reactants. By using a namely alcohol, describe one experiment to prepare theester. In your description, include the chemical equation and observationinvolved.

    [10 marks]

    7.

    (a) Alcohol R contains four carbon atoms and is able to show isomerism.Draw and name the structural formulae of two isomers of alcohol R.Alkohol R mengandungi empat karbon atom dan boleh menunjukkan keisomeran.Lukis dan namakan dua formula struktur bagi dua isomer alkohol R.

    [4 marks]

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    (b) Table 7 shows two structural formulae of carbon compounds of P and Q.Jadual 8 menunjukkan dua formula struktur sebatian karbon P dan Q.

    Carbon compoundSebatian karbo n

    Structural formulaFormula struktur

    P

    Q

    Based on Table 7, compare carbon compounds P and Q.Berdasarkan Jadual 8, bandingkan sebatian karbon P dan Q.

    [6 marks]

    (c) Diagram 7 shows two reagent bottles X and Y. One of the bottles containshexane while another bottle contains hexene.

    Rajah 7 menunjukkan dua botol reagen X dan Y. Satu dari botol-botol tersebutmengandungi heksana dan satu lagi botol mengandungi heksena.

    Describe a chemical test that can be used to verify hexane and hexene in eachbottle. Your explanation should includes:Huraikan satu ujian kimia yang boleh digunakan untuk mengenal pasti heksana danheksena dalam setiap botol.Penerangan anda hendaklah mengandungi:

    H

    O

    C O H

    H

    HH

    H

    C C

    Table 7Jadual 7

    X Y

    Diagram 7Rajah 7

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    List of apparatus and materialsSenarai bahan dan radas

    ProcedureProsedur

    ObservationsPemerhatian

    [10 marks]

    8. (a) Alkene X contains four carbon atoms and is able to show isomerism.Draw and name the structural formulae of two isomers of alkene X.Alkena X mengandungi empat atom karbon dan boleh menunjukkan keisomeran.Lukis dan namakan dua formula struktur bagi dua isomer alkena X.

    [4 marks]

    (b) Table 8 shows the information of compound P and compound Q.Jadual 8 menunjukkan maklumat mengenai sebatian P dan sebatian Q.

    Compound PSebatian P

    Compound QSebatian Q

    Has 4 carbon atoms

    Mempunyai 4 atom karbon

    Unsaturated hydrocarbonHidrokarbon tidak tepu

    Has 4 carbon atoms

    Mempunyai 4 atom karbon

    Saturated hydrocarbonHidrokarbon tepu

    Based on the information in Table 8Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 8

    draw the structural formulaelukis formula struktur

    name the functional groupnamakan kumpulan berfungsi

    write the general formulatulis formula am

    for compound P and compound Q.untuk sebatian P dan sebatian Q.

    [6 marks]

    Table 8Jadual 8

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    (c) Diagram 8 shows two reagent bottles M and N. One of the bottlescontains ethanol while another bottle contains ethanoic acid.Rajah 8 menunjukkan dua botol reagen M dan N. Satu daripada botol-botol

    tersebut mengandungi etanol dan satu lagi botol mengandungi asid etanoik.

    Describe a chemical test that can be used to verify ethanol and ethanoic acid in eachbottle. Your explanation should include:Huraikan satu ujian kimia yang boleh digunakan untuk mengenal pasti etanol dan asid etanoikdalam setiap botol. Penerangan anda hendaklah mengandungi:

    List of apparatus and materialsSenarai bahan dan radas

    ProcedureProsedur

    ObservationsPemerhatian[10 marks]

    9. Rajah 9 menunjukkan penukaran sebatian karbon yang melibatkan beberapa siritindak balas.

    RAJAH 9

    Daigram 8

    Rajah 8

    NM

    Aluminapanas Penghidrogenan

    kalium dikromat (IV)

    berasid

    Alkena YSebatian R Alkana Z

    Asid etanoik

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    (a) Maklumat berikut adalah tentang sebatian karbon R.

    Berdasarkan maklumat tentang sebatian karbon R.

    (i) Tentukan formula molekul.

    (ii) Lukiskan formula strukturnya.

    (iii) Namakan sebatian karbon R.

    (iv) Tuliskan formula am bagi siri homolog sebatian karbon R.

    [8 markah]

    (b) (i) Lukiskan formula struktur bagi alkena Y dan alkana Z.

    [2 markah]

    (ii) Apabila air bromin ditambah dalam Alkana Z, tiada perubahandiperhatikan ke atas air bromin tetapi apabila air bromin ditambah kedalam Alkena Y, warna perang air bromin dilunturkan menjadi tanpawarna. Terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan pemerhatian ini?

    [4 markah]

    Karbon 52.2% Hidrogen 13.0%

    Oksigen 34.8%

    Jisim molekul relatif = 46

    Jisim atom relatif bagi H=1, O=16 dan C=12

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    (c) Jadual 9 menunjukkan pemerhatian bagi tindak balas ke atas susu getah.

    Prosedur Pemerhatian

    Asid etanoik ditambah ke dalamsusu getah.

    Susu getah menggumpal dengan sertamerta.

    Ammonia akueus ditambah kedalam susu getah.

    Susu getah tidak menggumpal.

    Susu getah dibiar pada keadaansemula jadi.

    Susu getah menggumpal dengan lambat.

    JADUAL 9

    Berdasarkan Jadual 6, terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan pemerhatian ini.

    [6 markah]

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    PAPER 3

    1

    Rancangkan satu eksperimen untuk membanding kekenyalan kedua-dua getahtadi. Perancangan eksperimen anda hendaklah mengandungi perkara-perkaraberikut:

    a) Pernyataan masalah

    b) Hipotesis

    c) Senarai bahan dan alat radas

    d) Prosedur

    e) Penjadualan data

    Getah tervulkan lebih kenyal dan lebih kuat

    berbanding getah tak tervulkan.

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    PAPER 2

    1. Diagram 1 shows the energy level diagram for the combustion of methanol.Rajah 1 menunjukkan gambar rajah aras tenaga bagi pembakaran metanol.

    CO2+ 2H2O

    (a) State one information that can be obtained from the energy level diagram inDiagram 1.Nyatakan satu maklumat yang boleh diperolehi daripada gambar rajah aras tenagadalam Rajah 1.

    [1 mark]

    (b) Draw a labelled diagram of the set up of apparatus to determine the heat ofcombustion of methanol.Lukis gambar rajah susunan radas yang berlabel bagi menentukan haba pembakaranmetanol.

    [2 marks]

    (c) Heat energy released from the complete combustion of 1.6 g methanol isheat 200 cm3of water.Haba yang terbebas daripada pembakaran lengkap 1.6 g metanol digunakan untukmemanaskan 200 cm

    3air.

    EnergyTenaga

    CH3OH +2

    3O2

    H = -728 kJ mol-1

    Diagram 1Rajah 1

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    (i) Calculate the heat energy released in the reaction.[ Molar mass of methanol, CH3OH = 32 gmol

    -1 ]Hitung tenaga haba yang dibebaskan dalam tindak balas ini.[ Jisim molar metanol CH3OH = 32 gmol

    -1 ]

    [2 marks]

    (ii) Calculate the temperature change in the reaction.[ Specific heat capacity of water: 4.2 J g-1oC-1]Hitung perubahan suhu dalam tindak balas ini.[ Muatan haba tentu air:4.2 J g-1oC-1]

    [2 marks]

    (d) The value of the heat of combustion of methanol obtained from the experimentalways less than the theoretical value.Suggest one precaution step that should be taken in order to get a more accurateresult.Nilai haba pembakaran metanol yang diperolehi daripada eksperimen biasanya lebihrendah daripada nilai teori.Cadangkan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil untuk memperolehi keputusanyang lebih tepat.

    .....................................................................................................................................

    .....................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

    (e) Table 1 shows the molecular formula and heat of combustion of ethanol andpropanol.Jadual 1 menunjukkan formula molekul dan haba pembakaran etanol dan propanol.

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    Name of alcoholNama alkohol

    Molecular formulaFormula molekul

    Heat of combustion/