Class-28 (VERB)

VERB

A word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence, and forming the main part of

the predicate of a sentence is known as verb. As- play, dance, sing, teach, etc.

KINDS OF VERB

Verb दो प्रकार के होते हैं;

(1) Auxiliary Verb

(2) Main Verb

(1) Auxiliary Verb- इस verb को Helping Verb (सहायक क्रिया) भी कहते है | इसका काम Main

Verb की सहायता करना होता है | ये दो प्रकार के होते हैं;

Primary Auxiliaries- Verb to be, Verb to do and Verb to have को Primary Auxiliaries की

Verbs कहते हैं | ये Helping Verb और Main Verb दोनों रूपों में प्रयोग की जाती है |

Verb to be- is, am, are, was, were.

Verb to have- has, have, had.

Verb to do- do, does, did.

Use of “Verb to be”

He is to leave for the meeting right now.

They are about to reach Dehradun.

Use of “Verb to have”

1. Have का प्रयोग eat, drink, see, take, enjoy experience, do, happen, relationship, illness,

receive, possess, के अर्थ में होता है |

Have lunch/ dinner/ a meal/ coffee/ tea/ a drink/ a dream/ a bath/ a sleep/ a walk/ an

accident/ yoga/ a house/ two daughters/ a bad headache/ etc.

2. जब काम खुद न करके क्रकसी दूसरे से कराया जाये तो Have/Get + Object + V3

I had him thrown out of my cabin.

I had my hair cut.

I had/got his work done.

3. Have + to + V1

I have to drop her as far as bus stop.

He has to work for this company.

4. “Had” if के अर्थ में;

Had he worked hard, he would have scored good marks.

Use of “Verb to do”

1. To emphasis imperative sentence

Do take care of her.

Do speak in English.

2. Question Tag me do, does & did का प्रयोग

She knows me, doesn’t she?

I love you, don’t you?

3. Short Answer में Principal Verb के Repetition को रोकने के क्रिए do, does, did का प्रयोग

क्रकया जाता है | ऐसे वाक्यों में so/ neither/ nor/ either + do/ does/ did + Subject का प्रयोग

Second Clause में क्रकया जाता है |

Neha does not do anything neither does her brother.

Pooja sings well and so does her brother.

4. Short Answer के क्रिए प्रश्न कताथ की बात में सहमक्रत या असहमक्रत दर्ाथने के क्रिए do, does and did

का प्रयोग क्रकया जाता है |

Do you love her?

Yes I do.

Did he slapped you?

No, he didn’t.

Modal Auxiliaries- Will, would, can, could, shall, should, may, might, must, ought to,

used to, need तर्ा dare को Modal Auxiliaries कहा जाता है | इनका प्रयोग हमेर्ा क्रकसी न क्रकसी

Main Verb के सार् होता है | ये Singular तर्ा Plural दोनों प्रकार की Verbs के सार् सामान रहते हैं |

जैसे;

He can sing a song.

They can sing a song.

I can sing a song.

Modal Auxiliaries के दो भाग हैं;

Absolute Modals- Will, would, can, could, shall, should, may, might, must तर्ा ought to.

Marginal Modals- used to, need तर्ा dare. इनका प्रयोग Main Verb के रूप में भी होता है,

इसक्रिए इन्हें Marginal Modals कहते हैं |

Use of ‘Can’

1- ability (योग्यता), capacity (क्षमता) and Power (र्क्रि) को दर्ाथने के क्रिए |

He can hold this weight till one day.

I can speak English fluently and confidently.

2- Permission (अनुमक्रत) िेने या देने के क्रिए |

Can I help you?

You cannot sit here for a long time.

3. Habit या Nature बताने के क्रिए |

A mother cannot be cruel to her child.

A stupid person can make conspiracy against you.

4- Theoretical Possibility (सैद्ाांक्रतक सम्भावना) बताने के क्रिए |

Electricity in the flooded area can be dangerous.

Water can extinguish the fire of Amazon forest.

5- Verbs of perception (see, hear, smell, taste, feel) के सार् |

Can you see the moon?

Now, he cannot hear us.

Use of ‘Could’

1- Past की Ability (योग्यता), capacity (क्षमता) and Power (र्क्रि) को दर्ाथने के क्रिए |

He could teach ten hours together when he was young.

He was very brave and handsome when he was 21 year old.

2. Possibility (सांभावना) को दर्ाथने के क्रिए |

He could be in trouble if he went there.

High jump could be dangerous for you.

3. Unreal situation को दर्ाथने के क्रिए |

If I had money, I could visit Shimla.

I wish I could buy a car.

4. Interrogative Sentence में Request (प्रार्थना) के भाव को दर्ाथने के क्रिए |

Could you lend me your pen please?

Could you get up at 5am for morning walk?

5. Past Tense को दर्ाथने के क्रिए can के स्र्ान पर could का प्रयोग होता है |

He said that he could not play with me.

He did all that he could.

Use of ‘May’

1- May का प्रयोग Permission (अनुमक्रत) िेने या देने के क्रिए क्रकया जाता है |

May I come in, Sir?

You may do whatever you want.

2- May का प्रयोग Possibility (सम्भावना) दर्ाथने के क्रिए क्रकया जाता है |

Your father may come today.

As the sky is not clear, it may rain today.

3- May का प्रयोग क्रकसी के क्रिए wish (कामना), Bless (आर्ीवाथद), Curse (अक्रभर्ाप), Pray

(प्रार्थना) को दर्ाथने के क्रिए क्रकया जाता है |

May you live 1000 years!

May her soul rest in peace!

4- May का प्रयोग Purpose (उदे्दश्य) बताने के क्रिए that, so that या in order that के बाद आने

वािी clause में होता है |

Study at least 12 hours a day so that you may get good marks in SSC.

He is running very fast in order that he may reach his college on time.

5- May का प्रयोग तब भी क्रकया जाता है जब Uncertainty (अक्रनक्रितता) में Surprise (आियथ) का

भाव हो |

How beautiful my Facebook friend may be!

Who may be there behind you!

Use of ‘Might’

1- Past Time Activity को व्यि करने के क्रिए May की जगह Might का प्रयोग क्रकया जाता है |

He said that it might be stormy weather today.

She might be waiting for you at the temple.

2- Less Possibility (कम सम्भावना) को दर्ाथने के क्रिए May की जगह Might का प्रयोग क्रकया जाता

है |

India might win the test series.

She might be in trouble.

3- Imagination (कल्पना) को व्यि करने के क्रिए I wish/ we wish/ as though/ as if के बाद वािी

clause में Might का प्रयोग क्रकया जाता है |

I wish she might have come a little earlier.

He looked as if he might have decided to quit.

4- Polite suggestion (क्रवनम्र सुझाव) या Scolding (डाांट-फटकार) के क्रिए Might का प्रयोग क्रकया

जाता है |

She might have asked lift to me first.

You might take Ola if you are getting late for the office.

Use of ‘Shall/Will’

1. Will और Shall का प्रयोग Future के Activity को दर्ाथने के क्रिए क्रकया जाता है क्रजसमें Will का

प्रयोग You, He, She, It, They, It और दूसरे Nouns के सार् क्रकया जाता है जबक्रक Shall का प्रयोग I

और We के सार् क्रकया जाता है |

He will get good marks this year.

I shall go to the market in the evening.

Riya will solve this puzzle.

We shall make our parents feel proud.

2. Determination, warning, threat, promise, certainty, willingness तर्ा command दर्ाथने के

क्रिए I और We के सार् ‘will’ तर्ा You, He, She, It, They, It और दूसरे Nouns के सार् ‘shall’ का

प्रयोग क्रकया जाता है |

I will kill him. (Threat)

He shall kill her. (Threat)

I will fire you if you don’t come to office on time and work properly. (Warning)

He shall fire you if you don’t come to office on time and work properly. (Warning)

We will get what we want. (Promise)

She shall get what she wants. (Promise)

3. Let us या Let’s से रु्रू होने वािे Sentence के Question Tag में shall का प्रयोग क्रकया जाता है|

Let us start the conversation, shall we?

Let’s go for lunch, shall we?

4. Imperative Sentence के Question Tag में ‘will’ का प्रयोग क्रकया जाता है |

Don’t make a noise, will you?

Never tell a lie, will you?

Come with a pen and copy, will you?/ won’t you?

5. Conditional Sentence के Principal Clause में ‘will’ का प्रयोग क्रकया जाता है

If you come to me for money, I will help you.

Unless you work properly, you will not get any bonus this Diwali.

Use of ‘Should’

1. ‘Should’ का प्रयोग shall के Past form के रूप में क्रकया जाता है |

I told him that I should not tolerate this anymore.

We said that we should come to receive you at the airport.

2. ‘Should’ का प्रयोग ‘चाक्रहए’ के अर्थ में Advice, obligation, duty, instruction तर्ा probability

को व्यि करने के क्रिए क्रकया जाता है |

We should stand up when our National Anthem goes on. (Duty)

She should be there on time. (Obligation)

You should go for a walk daily. (Advice)

Papa should have arrived here by now. (Probability)

3. Lest के बाद वािी Clause में Should का प्रयोग करते हैं |

Walk carefully lest you should fall down.

I fear lest it should rain heavily today.

4. Conditional Sentence के Principal Clause में सिाह या डाांट फटकार का भाव प्रकट करने के

क्रिए Should का प्रयोग क्रकया जाता है |

If I were you, I should not accept his gift.

If I were you, I should save her from flood.

Note- कभी-कभी Subordinate Clause में भी Should का प्रयोग Probability बताने के क्रिए क्रकया

जाता है |

If you should need anything, you can call me anytime.

Should you need anything, you can call me anytime.

Use of ‘Would’

1. Would का प्रयोग will के Past Form के रूप में क्रकया जाता है |

He said that he would not allow you enter without permission.

She asked me if they would go to the movie that night.

2. Would का प्रयोग ‘used to’ के अर्थ में Past Time की Habit को व्यि करने के क्रिए क्रकया जाता है

|

She would come and sit beside me for hours.

When I was in Allahabad, I would go to have a bath in the Ganga.

3. Would का प्रयोग Polite Request के क्रिए Interrogative sentence में क्रकया जाता है

Would you please send me order ID?

Would you grant me leave for ten days, please?

4. Unreal Situation को दर्ाथने वािे Conditional Sentence के Principal Clause में would का

प्रयोग क्रकया जाता है |

If I were the Prime Minister of India, I would eradicate corruption.

If you had reached here on time, you would have met your grandfather.

5. Choice, Wish या Liking को व्यि करने के क्रिए भी would का प्रयोग क्रकया जाता है |

I would like to have a cup of tea with you.

I would prefer to stay at your home tonight.

6. Possibility को दर्ाथने के क्रिए भी would का प्रयोग क्रकया जाता है |

His friend would be in trouble.

They would be waiting for you.

Use of ‘Must’

1. Must का अर्थ होता है ‘चाक्रहए’ | इसका प्रयोग compulsion, duty, obligation, necessity,

certainty तर्ा Strong Possibility को दर्ाथने के क्रिए क्रकया जाता है | इसे should का strong form

कहते हैं |

You must work according to the norms of the company.

You must be honest towards your friends.

2. Must का प्रयोग Order (आदेर्) देने के क्रिए भी क्रकया जाता है |

You must go and arrest the most wanted criminal.

All the members of this company must be at meeting hall by 4 o’clock.

Use of ‘Ought to’

1. Ought to का प्रयोग Moral Obligation (नैक्रतक बाध्यताएां) तर्ा Duty (कतथव्य) को दर्ाथने के क्रिए

क्रकया जाता है |

We ought to obey our parents.

You ought to help those who are in need and trouble.

2. Ought to का प्रयोग Advice के क्रिए क्रकया जाता है |

Everyone ought to watch this movie because it has some motivation

You ought to be honest in dealing with your customers.

3. Ought to का प्रयोग Possibility को दर्ाथने के क्रिए भी क्रकया जाता है |

The Indian Economy ought to go up in a few months.

His health ought to be better soon.

Use of ‘Need’

1. Need का अर्थ ‘जरुरत होना’ होता है क्रजसका प्रयोग Main Verb तर्ा Helping Verb दोनों रूपों में

होता है |

You need not talk to him.

Need you talk to him?

She needs to talk to him.

She does not need to talk to him.

Does she need to talk to him?

Use of ‘Dare’

1. Dare का अर्थ ‘साहस करना’ होता है क्रजसका प्रयोग Main Verb तर्ा Helping Verb दोनों रूपों में

होता है |

She dare not work in the night.

Dare She work in the night?

She dares to work in the night.

She does not dare to work in the night.

Does She dare to work in the night?

Use of ‘Used to’

1. Past की कोई Habit या Routine activity को दर्ाथने के क्रिए Used to का प्रयोग होता है |

My mother used to go for morning walk when the doctor advised her to do so.

He used to work very hard till midnight.

2. यक्रद ‘used to’ से पहिे कोई verb to be (is, am, are, was, were) आ जाये तो इसके बाद Gerund

(MV+ing) का प्रयोग होता है | ऐसे में Used to का मतिब Accustomed to (अभ्यस्त/आक्रद) होता है |

He is used to helping the poor.

Now my brother is used to Bati Chokha.

EXERCISE

1. His brother thinks that somebody must have dared steal his scooty.

2. Ramesh daren’t to ask his friend for any more money.

3. Divya told her parents that they needn’t to worry about her.

4. The Indian team cannot win the series and ever pulling off a draw could be a tough

proposition with its main bowlers not playing.

Ans. Use ‘can’ instead of ‘could’

5. He can write a letter in English if he wanted to.

Ans. He could……

6. I am not used to get up early in the morning.

Ans. getting up……

(2) Main Verb

1. Finite Verb

2. Non-finite Verb

Non-Finite Verbs

Infinitive

Gerund

Participle

Infinitive

Allow me to study.

Let me study.

To + v1 / To be + v3

V1 / Be + v3

Use of Infinitive with ‘To’

As a subject of verb

To walk is a good exercise.

To forgive is divine.

As an object of verb

He refused to obey his parents.

I like to play cards.

As a complement of verb

He is to sell his car.

To see is to believe.

As an object of preposition

He is about to sleep.

He has no choice but to obey.

As an adjective to qualify noun

This is not the time to play.

He is a man to be admired.

As an adverb to qualify an adjective

He is too ill to do any work.

It is difficult to solve this sum.

As an adverb to qualify a verb

He wants to help his classmate.

She sold her ring to buy his watch.

To qualify a sentence

To be honest, he is not going to help her.

To tell the truth, I quite forgot my promise.

After these verbs

Use of Infinitive with ‘To’

Afford, begin, attempt, beg, bother, care, choose, consent, continue, dare, endeavor,

hesitate, intend, learn, like, love, undertake, manage, arrange, seem, forget, agree, need,

regret, mean, neglect, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, pretend, proceed, refuse, try, wish,

remember, promise, swear, purpose, fail, hope, decide, determine, appear, happen,

guarantee, learn, prove, seem, threaten.

They planned to visit the Red Fort.

She hesitates to speak here.

After these adjectives.

Able, unable, anxious, glad, happy, pleased, surprised, shocked, lucky, likely, right,

wrong, stupid, fit, delight, angry, astonished, horrified, disappointed.

I am able to do this work.

You are anxious to meet your beloved.

Use of Bare Infinitive

Modal auxiliary

Can, could, may, might, shall, etc.

I can help you.

One must do one’s duty.

See, hear, feel, smell, listen, notice, watch- In Active Voice

I saw her run.

He watched the film enjoy.

I saw her running.

But in Passive Voice (To+ V1)

She was seen to enter the bed room.

I am known to all.

Let + Object + V1

Let her do that work.

Let me go to the cinema.

Make + obj + V1- Active Voice

Make + to + V1- Passive Voice

They made me weep. (AV)

I was made to weep. (PV)

Had better, had sooner, had rather, would rather, would sooner + V1

You had better resign now.

You had better go than stay here.

He would rather die than tell a lie.

To + V1 + and/ or/ except/ but/ than/ as/ like + V1

He wants to come and talk to me.

There is nothing to do but wait.

He does everything but talk.

Why/ why not + V1

Why not go to a good teacher?

Why pay more fees at other institutions?

EXERCISE

He may------ this. (do)

He does not need------ for help. (ask)

He is slow------ his work. (do)

They come------ their grandfather. (bury)

He saw her------. (weep)

Let him ------ this work. (do)

I was made------ . (laugh)

You had better ------ permission. (ask)

He would rather die than------so. (suffer)

You do nothing but------. (play)

He helped her------ the load. (lift)

You do nothing but------ at others. (laugh)

Our publisher wants nothing but------ the publication. (establish)

He likes------ here and read the newspaper. (sit)

Let us------ together. (dance)

GERUND

ऐसी verbs जो noun का भी काम करे, उसे Gerund कहते हैं |

कुछ ऐसे verbs क्रजनके बाद Gerund (v-ing) का प्रयोग क्रकया जाता है; वो हैं -

Admit, delay, deny, forgive, mention, enjoy, postpone, stop, start, defer, prefer, finish,

risk, propose, escape, suggest, avoid, like, dislike, mind, love, appreciate, detest, resist,

consider, practise, imagine, regret, endure, contemplate, fancy, anticipate, hate, mean,

miss, pardon, excuse, resent etc.

I enjoy spending summer vacation with my friends in Manali.

She avoids working with these people

Note : Admit, like love, stop, start तर्ा prefer के सार् Infinitive का भी प्रयोग होता है |

Preposition के बाद की verb हमेर्ा Gerund form में होती है | केवि Preposition ‘to’ के बाद

main verb की first form आती है |

I am fond of visiting new places.

My father prohibited me from talking to her.

ये कुछ words क्रजनके सार् Preposition िगे हैं; इनके सार् Gerund आता है |

intent on, disqualify from, bent on, a hope of, refrain from, confident of, desist from,

harm in, assist in, insist on, persist in, succeed in, successful in, abstain from, deter

from, point in, ashamed of, accused of, desirous of, aim at, prevent from, debar from,

prohibit from, dissuade from, take/feel pleasure in, interested in, afraid of, justified in,

keen on, fortunate in, restrain from, a chance of, fond of, sense in, capable of, conscious

of, etc.

The government is capable of controlling the protest.

कुछ ऐसे words क्रकनके बाद ‘to’ िगा होता है, क्रफर भी इनके बाद Gerund आता है |

Admit to, averse to, accustomed to, be used to, owing to, addicted to, with a view to,

devoted to, in addition to, object to, prone to, look forward to, given to, take to,

conducive to etc.

She came to me with a view to helping me.

He is looking forward to hearing from you.

Can't bear, can't help तर्ा can't stand at के बाद भी Gerund का प्रयोग करते हैं |

He can't bear seeing you in pain.

He couldn't help laughing.

Gerund से पहिे प्रयोग होने वािे noun या pronoun हमेर्ा Possessive Form में होने चाक्रहए |

I don’t like your talking to that girl.

She insisted on Priya’s singing with him.

Note - यक्रद Gerund के passive form का प्रयोग हुआ हो या Noun क्रकसी non-living thing को दर्ाथ

रहा हो तो Gerund से पहिे आये Noun या Pronoun का possessive from प्रयोग नहीं क्रकया जाता है।

I am surprised at my daughter’s being admired by you. (Incorrect)

I am surprised at my daughter being admired by you. (Correct)

There is no possibility of the flood’s coming again. (Incorrect)

There is no possibility of the flood coming again. (Correct)

Participle

ऐसी verb जो Adjective का भी काम करे, उसे Participle कहते हैं |

ये तीन प्रकार के होते हैं-

1) Present Participle

2) Past Participle

3) Perfect Participle

1) Present Participle- Main Verb की ing form;

Hearing the noise at The Taj Mahal Hotel, we rushed towards it.

2) Past Participle- Main Verb की third form;

Deceived by his girlfriend, he was in depression.

3) Perfect Participle- Having + Main Verb की third form;

Having taken a short nap, I started working with high energy.

Some questions to understand

Being Sunday (a)/ we decided to go (b)/ out for lunch. (c)/ No error (d)

Ans. (a) It being Sunday

Having deprived of their (a)/homes in the recent earthquake, they (b)/had no other

option (c)/ than to take shelter in a school. (d)/ No error (e)

Ans. (a) Use ‘Having been deprived’ as this clause is in passive voice.

Being a rainy day (a)/most of the people (b)/out on the street were (c)/carrying

umbrellas. (d)/ No error (e)

Ans. (a) It being a rainy day

यक्रद Participle Clause की रु्रुआत regarding, considering, Supposing, concerning,

speaking, referring, owing, touching, judging, allowing etc. जैसे र्ब्दों से हुआ हो तो clause

बाद में आने वािे Subject से स्वतांत्र होता है।

Considering her need, the loan was sanctioned. (Correct)

Frankly speaking, he is not the right person for you. (Correct)

Leave, catch, find, spend तर्ा waste के बाद Object + Present Participle का प्रयोग होता है |

I found her waiting for you at the railway station.

The police caught the thief stealing the jewellery.

Think, crown, call, declare, appoint, choose, elect, make, consider तर्ा name के बाद ‘as’

का प्रयोग नहीं करना चाक्रहए |

He was crowned king at the age of 21.

He is considered the most important person in our family.

Get तर्ा Be के बाद Present Participle तर्ा Past Participle दोनों का प्रयोग क्रकया जाता है |

Most of the things get damaged in the protest.

He wants you to be living with your sister.

Now there is nothing to be desired.

Keep, remain तर्ा go on के बाद Present Participle आता है |

She kept waiting for you.

He remained sleeping throughout the day.

Think, imagine, suppose तर्ा believe के बाद Noun Clause के आने पर negative sense और

meaning देने के क्रिए not का प्रयोग इस clause से पहिे आये Verb के सार् क्रकया जाता है।

I think he will not accept the proposal (Incorrect)

I don't think he will accept the proposal. (Correct)

We suppose the weather will not play false with us. (Incorrect)

We don't suppose the weather will play false with us. (Correct)

Go तर्ा come के सार् V-ing का प्रयोग खासकर तब होता है जब verb का प्रयोग Sports या Free

time activities या Physical activities को बताने के क्रिए हुआ हो, जैसे- Go skiing, Go shopping,

Go swimming, Go fishing, Go shooting, Go skating, Go sailing, Go climbing, Go hunting,

Go riding, Go skipping, Go hitch-hiking.

The doctor advised (a)/ Raju and Sonu to go for swimming (b)/ because it was good for

them. (c)/ No error (d)

Ans. (c) For swimming के स्र्ान पर क्रसफथ swimming का इस्तेमाि होगा |

The bank manager was (a)/ given a holiday and (b)/ so he resolved to go for hitch-hiking.

(c)/ No error (d)

Ans. (c) For hitch-hiking के स्र्ान पर क्रसफथ hitch-hiking का इस्तेमाि होगा |

No point, no harm, no sense के बाद in + MV+ing जबक्रक no use, no good, no worth तर्ा

busy के बाद MV+ing का प्रयोग करना चाक्रहए |

He was busy dealing with his customers.

It is no use asking him to come now because he is very busy.

Spend तर्ा waste का प्रयोग यक्रद Time तर्ा Money के क्रिए हो तो इसके बाद Present Participle

का प्रयोग होता है |

He doesn’t spend much time travelling with his friends.

My father spent a lot of money modernizing the house.

एक sentence में दो Auxiliary Verb आने पर यक्रद दोनों के सार् अिग-अिग form की verbs आती

हैं तो दोनों के सार् उनकी forms का प्रयोग होना चाक्रहए |

I have always stood and will always stand by my family.

SOME IMPORTANT VERB COLLOCATIONS

Make a mess, Make a mistake, Make a noise, Make an effort, Make furniture, Make

money, Make progress, Make room, Make trouble, Catch a ball, Catch a bus, Catch a

chill, Catch a cold, Catch a thief, Catch fire, Catch sight of, Catch someone's attention,

Catch someone's eye, Catch the flu, Keep a diary, Keep a promise, Keep a secret, Keep

an appointment, Keep calm, Keep control, Keep in touch, Keep quiet, Keep someone's

place, Have a drink, Do nothing, Have a good time, Do someone a favour, Have a

haircut, Do the cooking, Have a holiday, Do the housework, Have a problem, Do the

shopping, Have a relationship, Do the washing up, Have a rest, Do your best, Have

lunch, Do your hair, Have sympathy, Do your homework, Take a break, Break a habit,

Take a chance, Break a leg, Take a look, Break a promise, Take a rest,

Break a record, Take a seat, Break a window, Take a taxi, Break someone's heart, Take

an exam, Break the ice, Take note (of something) Break the law, Take someone's place,

Break the news to someone, Take someone's temperature, Break the rules, Pay a fine,

Save electricity, Pay attention, Save energy, Pay by credit card, Save money, Pay cash,

Save one's strength, Pay interest, Save someone a seat, Pay someone a compliment, Save

someone's life, Pay someone a visit, Save something to a disk, Pay the bill, Save space,

Pay the price, Save time, Pay your respects, Come close, Come complete with, Come

direct, Come early, Come first, Come into view, Come last, Come late, Come on time,

Come prepared, Come right back, Come second,

Come to a compromise, Come to a decision, Come to an agreement, Come to an end,

Come to a standstill, Come to terms with, Come to a total of, Come under attack, Make

time for, Run out of time, Save time, Spare time, Draw a conclusion, Tell someone the

time, Lay off staff, Waste time, Save yourself the trouble, Go abroad, Go astray, Go to

war, Go bad, Go yellow, Go bald, Go bankrupt, Go blind, Go crazy, Go dark, Go deaf,

Go fishing, Go mad, Go missing, Go on foot, Go online, Go out of business, Go overseas,

Go quiet, Go sailing, Close a deal, Close a meeting, Come to the point, Dismiss an offer,

Take your time, Launch a new product, Time passes, Go into partnership, Keep the

change, Get a job, Get married, Get worried, Get wet, Get upset,

Get the sack, Get the message, Get the impression, Get started, Get ready, Get

permission, Get nowhere, Get lost, Get home, Get frightened, Get drunk, Get divorced,

Get angry, Get a shock, Make a loss, Make a profit, Take on staff, Spend/waste time,

Draw your attention to, Time goes by.

EXERCISE

1. I requested to give (a) / five lac rupees, but he turned (b) / a deaf ear to me (c) / and

went away without saying anything (d) / No error (e).

Ans. (1) I requested giving

2. As he is in the habit of giving (a)/ unsolicited advice, (b)/ he came out of

his cabin (c)/ and advised to live life taking things granted for it (d) /No error

(e)

Ans. (d) advised living life

3. He was not working well, (a) / so finally his boss ordered to fire him (b) / a week ago,

(c) / but I could not (d) / No error (e).

Ans. (b) ordered firing him

4. You need not to (a) / take pains, (b) /because I am competent enough to (c) /

manage things on my own (d) / No error (e)

Ans. (a) You need not take pains

5. She needn't to go to market (a) / to bring sugar, as (b) / it is Sunday and all (c) / the

shops are closed (d) / No error (e).

Ans. (a) She needn't go

6. They need not to ask (a) / for money now, (b) / as these days dad (c) / is down on the

dumps (d) / No error (e).

Ans. (a) They need not ask

7. She dare not to go (a) / out in a dark night. (b) / because she is a very (c) / timid kind

of creature (d) / No error (e).

Ans. (a) She dare not go

8. You dare not to talk (a) / to me like this or else (b) / I will suspend you for this (c) /

rude behaviour of yours (d) / No error (e).

Ans. (a) You dare not talk

9. He bade me not to go (a) / there, but I (b) / went there in spite of that (c) / and I met

with an accident as a result of that (d) / No error (e).

Ans. (e) No error

10. Shreya was heard to sing a (a) / mellifluous song so many (b) / times on

television and was (c) / awarded many prizes (d) / No error (e).

Ans. (e) No error

HOME WORK

11. I have made all the (a) / students to learn how to (b) / find grammatical errors in (c)/

a sentence in no time (d) / No error (e).

12. I want to know who all have (a) / made her to cry, (b) / in spite of the fact that (c)/

crying can harm her eyes (d) / No error (e).

13. When I was in Mumbai (a) / and struggling to get a break, (b) / no one helped me (c)

/ materialize my dream (d) / No error (e).

14. All the students were (a) / made speak English during (b) their final

presentation on (c) / "Why are we poor?“ (d) / No error (e).

15. She is the finest singer (a) / I have ever seen in my life (b) / and you also must have

heard her (c) / to sing on television (d) / No error (e).

16. Many friends of mine (a) / have helped me establishing this (b) / business and I (c) /

am very grateful to them (d) / No error (e).

17. I was very much (a) / keen to go to watch the movie (b) / but my mother (c) / did not

let me to go (d) / No error (e).

18. It is very dangerous (a) / to go out this time, (b) / so you had better to stay (c) / here

with me for some time (d) / No error (e).

19. You had better left the (a) / meeting and come (b) / to see me (c)/as soon as possible

(d)/No error (e).

20. You had better try (a) / it once again than (b) / to give up and go (c) / away for ever

(d) / No error (e).

21. When I told him to beg, (a) / he said that (b) / he would rather (c) / die than to beg (d)

/ No error (e).

22. It is raining cats (a) / and dogs and you (b) / had better to take (c) / an umbrella or

wear a raincoat (d) / No error (e).

23. He does nothing (a) / but to watch a movie (b) / all the time sitting at home (c) / with

her mother and sisters (d) / No error (e).

24. I want nothing (a) / but to love as (b) / long as I am (c) / above ground (d) / No error

(e).

25. He does nothing but (a) / to laugh at his school (b) / mates without any (c) / rhyme

and reasons (d) / No error (e).

ANSWER

11. (b) Use ‘learn’ instead of ‘to learn’

12. (b) Use ‘cry’ instead of ‘to cry’

13. (e) No error

14. (b) Use ‘made to speak’ instead of ‘made speak’

15. (d) Use ‘sing/singing’ instead of ‘to sing’

16. (b) Use ‘helped me establish’ instead of ‘helped me establishing’

17. (d) Use ‘let me go’ instead of ‘let me to go’

18. (c) Use ‘had better stay’

19. (a) Use leave instead of ‘left’

20. (c) Use ‘give up’ instead of ‘to give up’

21. (d) Use ‘beg’ instead of ‘to beg’

22. (c) Use ‘had better take’

23. (b) but watch a movie

24. (e) No error

25. (b) Use ‘but laugh at…..’