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r Viu-sahasra-nma-stotra

Text 1vaiampyana uvcarutv dharmn aeea pvanni ca sarvaayudhihira ntanava punar evbhyabhataText 2yudhihira uvcakim eka daivata loke ki vpy eka paryaam

stuvanta ka kam arcanta prpnyuyr mnav ubhamText 3ko dharma sarva-dharmn bhavata paramo mataki japan mucyate jantur janma-sasra-bandhantText 4r-bhma uvcajagat-prabhu deva-devam ananta puruottamamstuvan nma-shasrea puruah satatotthitaText 5tam eva crcayan nityabhakty pruram avyayam

dhyyan stuvan namasya cayajamnas tam eva caWith great faith, the devotee should worship theSupreme Personality of Godhead, Lord Ka, whoseforms, qualities, opulences and pastimes are alleternal and transcendental. The devotee shouldglorify Him,continually meditate on His transcendental form, andoffer obeisances by bowing down before Him.Text 6andi-nidhana viu

sarva-loka-mahevaramlokdhykam stuvan nityasarva-duktigo bhavetThere was never a time when Lord Viu first cameinto existance, and there is no time in the futurewhenHe will cease to exist. He is the supreme master ofall planets, all living entities, and all thedemigods who

control the universe. He is the all-pervading, all-knowing witness who sees everything. A person whoregularlyglorifies Him becomes free from all materialmiseries, and in that liberated condition becomesfull oftranscendental bliss.Note: In his commentary, rla Baladeva Vidybhaa

quotes the following verses to describe theimmense potency of the glorification of Lord Ka.sakd uccrita yenaharir ity akara dvayambaddha parikaras tenamokya gamana prati"If one chants the two syllables Ha-ri, even once, hebecomes free from all material bondage."sakd eva parigtasaddhay helay vbhguvara nara-mtra

trayet ka-nma"O best of the Bhgu dynasty, if one even once speaksthe holy name of Lord Ka, either with faith, oreven casually, or with contempt, the holy name willliberate that chanter from all material bondage."Text 7brahmaya sarva-dharmajalokn krti-vardhanamloka-ntha mahad-bhtamsarva-bhta-bhavodbhavamLord Viu is the protector and well-wisher of the

brhmaas, aware of all principles of religion, theLordwho expands the glory of His devotees, the suprememonarch of all planetary systems, full of allopulences,and the original father of Brahm, iva and allliving entities.

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Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa quotes thefollowing verses from Mahbhrata, where Kaexplainsthat He is the source of all living beings.prajpati ca rudra cpyaham eva sjmi vaitau hi m na vijntomama my-vimohitau

"The patriarchs, iva and others are created by Me,though they do not know that are created by Me,because they are deluded by My illusory energy."*Text 8ea me sarva-dharmndharmo 'dhikatamo matayad bhakty puarkkastavair arcan nara sadI think that the best of all spiritual activites istocontinuously and devotedly worship lotus-eyed LordKa

by reciting prayers glorifying Him and describing Hisholy names.Note: In his commentary, rla Baladeva Vidybhaaquotes the following verses from the Vedicliteratures to describe the glories of the chantingof Lord Ka's holy names.The ruti-mantra explains:asya jnanto nma cid-vivaktana-mahas te viosumatim bhajmahe o tat sat"O Lord Viu, we worship You, and we are fullyconscious of the spiritual nature of Your holy

names."The Padma Pura explains:nma cintmahi kacaitanya-rasa-vigrahapra uddho nitya-mukto'bhinnatva mma-mmino"The holy name of Ka is transcendentally blissful.It bestows all spiritual benedictions, for it isKa

Himself, the reservoir of all pleasrue. Ka's nameis complete, and it is the form of all transcendentalmellows. It is not a material name under anycondition, and it is no less powerful than KaHimself. SinceKa's name is not contaminated by the materialqualities, there is no question of it being involvedwith

my. Ka's name is always liberated and spiritual;it is never conditioned by the laws of materialnature.This is because the name of Ka and Ka Himselfare identical."*Text 9parama yo mahat-tejaparama yo mahat-tapaparama yo mahad brahmaparama ya paryaamLord Ka is the Supreme Personality of Godhead. He

is supremely powerful and splendid, and it is fromHim that the sun and other luminaries derive theirsplendor and heat. He is the ultimate shelter of alllivingentities. He is partially manifested as the Brahmaneffulgence.Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa comments that Kais the Supreme Personality of Godhead, and thedemigods are all His order-carriers. In thisconnection, He quotes the following verse from thesmti-stra.

yad-bh vta pavate bhodeti sryabhsmd agni candra ca mtyur dhvati"Out of fear of the Supreme Personality of Godheadthe wind blows, and out of fear of Him the sun rises.Out of fear of Him fire, the moon, and death, allperform their respective duties."Text 10pavitr pavitra yomagaln ca magalam

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daivatam devatn cabhtn yo 'vyaya pitLord Ka is the most purifying of all purifiers,and it is He who gives the power to remove sinfulreactionsto the Ganges and other places of pilgrimage. He isthe most auspicious of all auspicious personalities,and it is

He who gives to Gaea and others the power to removeobstacles. He is the most worshipable person,superior to Brahm and all the demigods. He is theeternal, original father of all living entities.Text 11yata sarvi bhtnibhavanty di-yuggameyasmi ca pralaya yntipunar eva yuga-kayeAll living beings come from Lord Ka at thebeginning of creation. They are maintained by Lord

Kawhile the creation is manifested, and they enter intoHim again when the creation is destroyed.Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa notes that the theSupreme Personality of Godhead is the source of theentire creation. He quotes the authoritativestatement of Vednta-stra (1.1.2) janmdy asya yata(TheAbsolute Truth is He from whom everything emanates).Text 12tasya loka-pradhnasya

jagan-nthasya bh-patevior nma-sahasra meu ppa-bhaypahamPlease hear from me the one-thousand holy names ofLord Viu, the supreme master and controller of theuniverse. These holy names of the Lord destroy thefearful reactions of past sinful deeds.Text 13yni nmni gauni

vikhytni mahtmanaibhi parigtnitni vakymi bhtayeIn order to attain the supreme goal of life, I shallnow chant the celebrated holy names of Lord Viu.Great sages glorify these holy names, which describethe Lord's transcendental qualities and pastimes.Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa notes that Lord

Ka is the Supreme Personality of Godhead,although He appears in a multitude of forms, just asthe vaidurya stone remains a single jem, although itappears to change colors. The Gopla Tpan Upaniadexplains:eko va sarvaga ka yaeko 'pi san bahudh yo 'vabhtiLord Ka is the omnipotent, all-pervadingworshipable Personality of Godhead. Although He isone, Hehas manifested in many forms."

The rmad-Bhgavatam (1.3.28) also explains:kas tu bhagavn svayam"All of the above mentioned incarnations are eitherplenary portions, or portions of the plenary portionsofthe Lord, but Lord r Ka is the originalPersonality of Godhead."*rla Baladeva Vidybhana says: Manifesting ininnumerable forms, the Lord sometimes displays allHispotencies, and sometimes He displays only a part of

His potencies. Appearing as Lord Nryaa, Hedisplaysall His potencies. Appearing in His kal (partial)expansions, He reveals only part of His potency. Heappearsas Lord Vsudeva, who has no contact with thematerial world, and again He appears as Sakaraa,Pradyumna and Aniruddha. He appears as KraodakayViu, Garbhodaday Viu and Krodakay

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Viu, who are completely spiritual manifestationsfree from any trace of matter, and who are known asthepurua-avatras. From Lord Garbhodakay Viu LordKrma and the other ll-avatras (pastimeincarnations), as well as the manvantara-avatras(incarnations during the period of Manu) and Yuga-avatra

(incarnations for the millenium) appear. All theseincarnations are glorified in the verses of thePuras.Conscious that Lord Ka is the original form fromwhom the other forms of the Personality of Godheademanate, Bhma now describes the holy names thatdescribe Lord Ka's various forms and pastimes.Text 14o viva viur vaatkrobhta-bhavya-bhavat-prabhubhta-kd bhta-bhd bhvo

bhttm bhta-bhvanaLet me offer my respectful obeisances to the SupremePersonality of Godhead, who pervades the entireuniverse (viu). He is worshiped in the Vedicsacrifices (vaatkra). He is eternally the SupremeController,in all phases of time, including past, present andfuture (bhta-bhavya-bhavat-prabhu). He is thecreator of thecosmic manifestation (bhta-kt) and He maintains itas well (bhta-bht). He is the master of all

spiritual andmaterial potencies (bhva). He is the creator of allliving entities (bhttm) and the well-wisher whopromotes their welfare (bhta-bhvana).Note: In his commentary, la Baladeva Vidybhaaquotes the description of creation found in theUpaniads:so 'kmayata bahu sy prajyeya

" Supreme Personality desired: Let me become many. Iwill manifest the entire creation by My potencies."Text 15ptm paramtm camuktn param gatiavyaya purua skketrajo 'kara eva caLord Ka is supremely pure (pttm) and He is the

Supreme Soul (paratmtm). He is the ultimate goaland destination of the liberated souls (muktnparam gati). and He is the eternal (avyaya) SupremePerson (purua). He is the witness of everything(sk) and He knows what happens to all livingentities(ketraja). He is infallible (akara).Note: In his commentary, rla Baladeva Vidybhaanotes that although Lord Ka is the creator of thecosmic manifestation, He remains aloof from it. Forthis reason He remains always free from material

contamination, and He is the supreme pure.Text 16yogo yoga-vid netpradhna-puruevaranarasiha-vapu rmnkeava puruottamaHe is the auspicious reservoir of yogic perfection,and success in yoga practice depends upon Him (yoga).He is the leader of those advanced in yoga (yoga-vid net), and He is the supreme controller of thematerial

universe and all living entities (pradhna-puruevara). Even though He has appeared in a half-man, half-lionincarnation (narasiha-vapu), He is extremelyhandsome (rmn). He is the father of Brahm andiva(Keava), and He is the supreme Person (puruottama).Note: In his commentary, rla Baladeva Vidybhaaquotes Lord iva's explanation of the name

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Keava:ka iti brahmo nmao 'ham sarva-dehinmv tavga-sabhtautasmt keava-nma-bhk"Ka is a name of Brahm, and I (iva) am known asa, because I am the master of all living entitieswho

reside in material bodies. O Lord Ka, because weare born from your body, you are therefore known asKeava (the father of Brahm and iva)."Lord Ka is known as Puruottama because He is thebest of all persons including both conditioned andliberated souls. The Lord Himself has explained themeaning of this name in the Bhagavad-gt (15.18):yasmt karam atto 'hamakard api cottamaato 'smi loke vede caprathita puruottama

"Because I am transcendental, beyond both thefallible and the infallible, and because I am thegreatest, Iam celebrated both in the world and in the Vedas asthat Supreme Person."*Text 17sarva arvah iva sthnurbhtdir nidhir avyayasabhavo bhvano bhartprabhava prabhur varaLord Ka is present everywhere, and therefore He is

everything (sarva). He is supremely benefical(arva) and He is the most auspicious (iva). He isalways very merciful (sthnu) and He is the creatorof allliving entities (bhtdi). He gives happiness to all(nidhi) and He is imperishable (avyaya). He alwaysthinkshow to protect the devotees (bhvana) and He descendsto the material world in order to protect them

(sabhava). He is the maintainer of the devotees(bhart) and He is the origin of everything(prabhava). He isthe supreme master who can perform any featimpossible to be performed by Brahm or anyone else(prabhu), and He is the supreme controller of allliving entities (vara).Note: In his commentary, rla Baladeva Vidybhaa

quotes Arjuna's explanation of how Ka iseverything (Bhagavad-gt 11.40):sarva sampnoi tato 'si sarvam"O Ka, You are all-pervading, and thus You areeverything."*Lord Ka's appearance within this material world toprotect the devotees is explained by the LordHimself in the Bhagavad-gt (4.8):paritrya sdhnvinya ca duktmdharma-sasthpanrthya

sabhavmi yuge yuge"In order to deliver the pious and annihilate themiscreants, as well as to reestablish the principlesofreligion, I advent Myself millenium aftermillenium."*The Lord's killing of Hirayakaipu and protection ofthe Pavas by different tactics may be cited asexamples of these purposes of the Lord.Text 18svayambh ambhur ditya

pukarko mahsvanaandi-nidhano dhtvidht dhatur uttamaLord Ka is the self-sufficient Lord (svayambh)whose auspicious transcendental qualities bring greathappiness to the devotees (ambhu). Among thedemigods He appears in a splendid golden form(ditya) and

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He is all-pervading (pukarka). He is the supremeobject of worship (mahsvana) and He was never bornand will never die (andi-nidhana). He is theoriginal creator, before Brahm or anyone else(dht) and He isthe original author of all Vedic injunctions(vidht). He is the Supreme Person (dhatur uttama).Note: Ka's self-sufficiency is described in Ia

Upaniad _(mantra 8):kavir mani paribhu svayambh"The Supreme Person is the self-sufficientphilosopher who is omniscient and the greatest ofall."*The all-pervasiveness of the Lord is explained in theruti-stra: "aktm (the Supreme Personality ofGodhead is all-pervading)".rla Baladeva Vidybhaa presents the followingquotes from the ruti, where Ka's authorship ofthem is explained:

tasya v etasya mahato bhtasya nivsitam etad yadg-vedo yajur-veda"The g-veda and Yajur-veda are produced from thebreathing of the Supreme Personality of Godhead."*yo brahma vidadhti prva yo vidys tasmaijpayati sa ka"It was Ka who in the beginning instructed Brahmin Vedic knowledge and who disseminated Vedicknowledge in the past."*In the Bhagavad-gt (14.3), Ka Himself explainsthat He is the original creator of all living

entities:mama yonir mahad brahmatasmin garbha dadhmy ahamsambhava sarva-bhtntato bhavati bhrata"The total material substance, called brahman, is thesource of birth, and it is that brahman that Iimpregnate, making possible the births of all livingbeings, O son of Bharata."*

Text 19aprameyo hkeapadma-nbho 'mara-prabhuviva-karm manus tvasthaviha sthaviro dhruvaLord Ka is unlimited and cannot be measured by thefinite senses of Brahm and the other demigods(aprameya), and He is the master of the senses

(Hkea). Lord Brahm took birth from His lotus-navel(padma-nbha) and He is the master of the demigods(amara-prabhu) who gives them jurisdiction in theaffairs of creation and maintenance of the materialuniverse. Seated within the hearts of Brahm and theotherdemigods, He gives them the ability to create andmaintain the universe (viva-karm). He knowseverything(manu) and His form is very handsome and splendid

(tva). He creates innumerable universes by Hisinconceivable potency (sthaviha) and He is eternal(sthavra and dhruva).Note: That Lord Ka is unlimited and immeasurableis explained in the following statement of LordBrahm:na hy di-madhyntam ajasya yasyavidmo vaya sarvamayasya dhtu"Neither I, nor any other demigod can understand thebeginning middle or end of the unborn, all-pervadingSupreme Personality of Godhead, the creator of

everything."The handsomeness of Lord Ka is described in thefollowing quote from the ruti-stra:sarvi rpi vicitya dhronmni ktvbhivdan yad aste"The saintly devotees meditate on the handsomeness ofthe forms of the Supreme Personality of Godhead,and chant His holy names."

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That Lord Ka is the source from whom the universehas emanated is confirmed in the Smti-as_tra:nistara sarva-bhtasyavior vivam ida jagat"From Lord Viu the entire universe and all livingentities have emanated."The inconceivable potencies of the Lord are describedin the vetvatara Upaniad (6.8):

parsya aktir vividhaiva ryatesvabhvik jna-bala-kriy ca"The Supreme Personality of Godhead has suchpotencies that anything He wants done will be doneperfectly well through the control of materialnature."*It is further explained:pradhna-ketraja-patir gueaThe Supreme Personality of Godhead is the controllerof the material manifestation and the livingentities.

He is the master of the modes of nature."Text 20agrhya vata kolohitka pratardanaprabhtas trikakud dhmapavitra magala paramThe Supreme Personality of Godhead is the non-material cause of the material manifestation(agrhya),and He is eternal (vata). He has an eternal, all-attractive form (ka), and His handsome eyes are

reddish(lohitka). He removes the distresses in the heartsof His devotees (pratardana), and He is the suprememonarch (prabhta). He resides in the spiritualworld, which is three fouths of the entire existance(trikakuddhma).He is the supreme pure, free from all materialcontamination, and He is the supreme purifier

(pavitram). He is the supreme auspiciousness(magalam param).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa notes that the mostimportant form of the Supreme is the form ofKa. This form is a completely spiritual and it isfull of spiritual bliss. This form is extremelyhandsome, andis compared to the exquisite atasi flower. The

etymological derivation of the name Ka is found intheMahbhrata (Udyoga-parva 71.4):kir bhu-vcaka abdoa ca nirvti-vacakatayor aikya para brahmaka ity abhidhyate"The word "k" is the attractive feature of theLord'sexistance, and "na" means spiritual pleasure. Whenthe verb "k" is added to affix "na", it becomes

Ka,which indicates the Absolute Truth."*Of all the names of the Supreme Personality ofGodhead, Ka is the most important, as the LordHimselfhas confirmed:nmn mukhyatama nmakkhya me parantapa"My dear Arjuna, 'Ka' is the most important of allMy names."The Lord's handsome eyes are reddish. This is

described in the ruti:samvo lohitka"The Supreme Lord has a complexion like a darkmonsoon cloud and His eyes are reddish."The handsome eyes of the Lord are also described inthe Smti:mada-vighrita-locana ian mnada sav-suhd vana-ml

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"The Supreme Personality of Godhead wears anexquisite garland of forest flowers, and His eyesmove asif He were intoxicated. He is very kind andaffectionate to His friends and He is fond ofpraising them."Lord Ka is the supreme auspiciousness. This isconfirmed in the Smti-stra:

aubhni niracaetanoti ubha-santatimsmti-matrea yat pusbrahma tan magala vidu"Simply by rembering the Supreme Personality ofGodhead all inauspiciousness is driven away, andauspiciousness becomes very prominent. For thisreason, the Personality of Godhead is known as thesupremeauspiciousness."The Smti-stra again confirms this point:

magalya parasmai nama"I offer my respectful obeisances to the Personalityof Godhead, who is the supreme auspiciousness"Text 21na prada projyeha reha prajpatihirayagarbho bhgarbhomdhavo madhusdanaLord Ka is the creator of everything (na), andin His form as the first purua-avatra,Kraodakay

Viu, He gives life and the functions of the mindand senses to the living entities (prada). As thesecondpurua-avatra, He is the life-force, which maintainsthe living entities (pra). He is the oldest person(jyeha), and He is the best person, full ofexcellent transcendental qualities (reha). He isthe master of

Garua and other eternally liberated souls(prajpati), and His spiritual realm is as splendidas gold(hirayagarbha). He is the maintainer of the earthplanet (bhgarbha) and the husband of the goddess offortune, Lakm-dev (mdhava). Rememberance of Himputs an end to the repetition of birth and death inthis material world (madhusdana).

Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa gives the followingexplanation of the word prada (giver of life, mindand senses to the living entities):buddhndriya-mana-prjannm asjat prabhu"The Supreme Personality of Godhead created theintelligence, mind, senses, and life-force of themanyliving entities."Lord Ka is the master of all living entities. Thisis described in the ruti:

tad akare parame praj"The imperishable Personality of Godhead is thesupreme master and father of all living entities."The Lord's spiritual realm is as splendid as gold.This is confirmed in the ruti-stra:hiramaye pure koeviraja brahma nikalam"The supremely pure Personality of Godhead resides inthe spiritual world, which has a golden effulgence."rla Baladeva Vidybhaa gives the followingderivation of the name Mdhava: "m" means

Lakmdev,the goddess of fortune. "Dhava" means husband.Therefore "mdhava" means "the husband of theGoddess of fortune".In this connection, the Purua-skta prayer explains:r ca te lakms ca patnyau"r and Lakm are the wives of the SupremePersonality of Godhead."

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rla Bhaktivinoda hkura notes in this regard thatrmat Rdhr is the principal goddess offortune,and therefore the name "Mdhava" also means "thehusband of rmat Rdhr", or the husband of thegops in Vrajabhmi".rla Baladeva Vidybhaa quotes Lord iva'sexplanation of the name Madhusdana:

madhu sasra-nmetitato madhu-nisdana"`Madhu' means the material existance of repeatedbirth and death, and `nisdana' means killer.Therefore,the name Madhusdana means `He who stops therepetition of birth and death'".Text 22varo vikram dhanvmedhv vikrama kramaanuttamo durdhara

ktaja krtir tmavnLord Ka is the Supreme Controller (vara), and Heis unlimitedly powerful (vikram). He wields thetranscendental rga bow (dhanv), and He issupremely intelligent and expert (medhv). He cantravelanywhere immediately, even without the help of Garua(vikrama and krama), and there is no one who issuperior or equal to Him (anuttama). The non-devoteescannot approach Him (durdhara), and He is verygrateful to they who offer even a small tulas leaf

or forest flower with sincere devotion (ktaja). ByHisillusory potency, my, the conditioned souls engagein fruitive activites (ki). He keeps an eternallovingrelationship with the liberated souls (tmavn).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa explains the wordanuttama by citing the Vedic literatures:na tat sama cbhyadhika ca dyate

"No one is superior or equal to the SupremePersonality of Godhead." (vetvatara Upaniad 6.8)matta paratara nnyat"O Arjuna, there is no truth superior to Me."(Bhagavad-gt 7.7)*The Lord Himself has explained the word ktaja:patra pupa phala toyayo me bhakty prayacchati

tad aha bhakty-upahtamanmi prayattmana"If one offers me with love and devotion a leaf,flower, fruit or water, I will accept it." (Bhagavad-gita9.26)*Text 23surea araa armaviva-ret praj-bhavaaha samvatsaro vylapratyaya arva-drana

Lord Ka is the master of the demigods and thebenefactor of the worthy devotees (surea). He is theshelter that removes the distresses of they whoapproach Him (araa), and He is full oftranscendental bliss(arma). He is full of spiritual prowess (vivaret)and He is the father of all living entities(prajbhava). He islike a daytime that causes the conditioned souls toawaken from the long night of material ignorance(ahar),

and He rescues the devotees from the fearful ocean ofrepeated birth and death (samvatsara). Everythingenters into Him at the time of devastation, and He isthe dear friend of rmat Rdhr, Trak and Pl(vyla). He is the only person in whom one cancompletely place his trust (pratyaya). He reveals Hisform,

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qualities, and everything about Himself to thesincere devotees, who have full confidence in theinstructions ofthe spiritual master and the words of the Vedicliteratures (sarvadarana).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa quotes thedescription of the word araa found in the Vedicliteratures:

sarvasya araa surtThe Supreme Personality of Godhead is the friend andshelter of all living entities."The word arma is described in the ruti-mantra:nanda brahma" The Supreme Personality of Godhead is full oftranscendental bliss."The Lord Himself describes the word samvatsara:tem aha samuddhartmtyu-sasra-sgartbhavmi m cirt prtha

mayy veita-cetasm"O Son of Pth, for the devotees who have fixedtheir minds upon Me, I am the swift deliverer fromtheocean of birth and death." (Bhagavad-gt 12.7)*The Lord further states:dadmi buddhi-yoga tayena mm upaynti te"To those who are constantly devoted and worship Mewith love I give the understanding by which they cancome to Me."

(Bhagavad-gt 10.10)*Lord Kapiladeva gives the following description ofthe word sarva-darana:payanti te me ruciry amba santaprasanna-vaktrrua-locannirpi divyni vara-pradniska vca sphanya vadanti"O My mother, My devotees always see the smiling faceof My form, with eyes like the rising morning sun.

They like to see My various transcendental forms,which are all benevolent, and they also talkfavorably withMe." (rmad-Bhgavatam 3.25.35)*Text 24aja sarvevara siddhasiddhi sarvdir acyutavakpir ameytm

sarva-yoga-vinistaAlthough Lord Ka does not take birth in a materialbody forced by the laws of karma as an ordinaryliving entity, He nevertheless appears within thismaterial world in the abode of Vndvana, just togivetranscendental bliss to His devotees (aja). LordKa is the master of Brahm, all the demigods, andall livingentities (sarvevara), and He knows everything in thepast, present and future (siddha). He is full of

unlimitedpowers (siddhi), and He is the origin of everything(sarvdi). He protects His devotees from falling down(acyuta). He fulfills the desires of the devotees andstrikes fear into the hearts of the demons(vakpi). Hisform and intelligence are unlimited and immeasurable,and he is supremely dear to the devotees (ameytm).He is always free from material contact (sarva-yoga-vinista).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa quotes the

following description of the word sarvdi, which isfound inthe rmad-Bhgavatam (10.81.19)svargpavargayo pusrasy bhuvi sampadmsarvsm api siddhnmla tac-cararcaam"By worshiping Lord Ka's lotus feet, one attainsboth liberation and heavenly happiness within this

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world. That worship is the cause of attaining allmystic powers, and all the opulences of the earthlyand ptlaplanets."*The meaning of the name acyuta is explained by LordKa Himself in the Bhagavad-gt (6.30):tasyha na praaymisa ca me na praayati

"For one who sees Me everywhere and sees everythingin Me, I am never lost, nor is he ever lost to Me."*Text 25vasur vasuman satyasamtm sammita samaamogha puarkkovakarm vktiLord Ka always resides in the hearts of thedevotees that relish hearing and chanting His glories(vasu).He meditates on how to increase the transcendental

opulences of the devotees that consider Him theironlywealth (vasu-man). He never speaks a lie, and He isvery dear to the truthful devotees (satya). Heacceptsthe role of being equal to the devotees who approachHim in sakhya-rasa, or friendship (samtm). Hemagnanimously presents Himself as equal to Hisdevotee (sammita). In order to glorify the devoteesrelated toHim in friendship and the other rasas, He presents

Himself as their equal (sama). He grants His ownsupremely valuable devotional service to they whobecome attached to Him (amogha), and He is alwaysmanifest in the lotus-like hearts of the puredevotees (puarkka). He fulfills the desires ofthe puredevotees (vsakarm), and His transcendental form issupremely handsome (vkti).

Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa explains the wordvasu by quoting the following sataement of LordKa found in the smti-stra:mad-bhakt yatra gyantitatra tihmi nrada"O Nrada, I remain where My devotees engage inglorifying My activities."*Queen Kuntdev explains the meaning of the word

vasu-man in the following words:namo 'kicana-vittya"O Lord Ka, my obeisances are unto You, who arethe property of the materially impoverished."*The name amogha is explained by Lord Ka in thesmti-stra:amogh bhagavad-bhaktirnetareti matir mama"I am not inclined to give my pure devotional serviceto anyone and everyone, but I give it to only a fewrare souls."

The name vkti is explained in the smti-stra:bibhrad vapu sakala-sundara sanniveakarmcaran bhuvi sumagalam pta-kma"Lord Ka's transcendental form is supremelyhandsome and auspicious. All His desires areautomatically fulfilled. He appeared on this earthplanet and performed His transcendental pastimes."Text 26rudro bahu-ir babhrurviva-yoni uci-ravamta vata sthnur

varroho mah-tapLord Ka cures the disease of material existanceafflicting the conditioned souls (rudra), and Heappearsas the thousand-headed Lord Anantadeva (bahu-ir).He is the maintainer (babhru) and creator (vivayoni)of millions of universes. He is supremely pure, andHe cleanses whatever impurity may contaminate the

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hearts of His genuine devotees (uci-rav). Hishandsomeness is as sweet as nectar, and He rescuesthedevotees from the cycle of repeated birth, old-ageand death (amta). He is eternal (vata), and Heeternallyapears before the pure devotees and grants themtranscendental bliss (sthnu). He always remains in

Hiseternal abode, Goloka Vndvana, and he rescues Hisdevotees from the cycle of birth and death(varroha).He is Himself the original cause of the multipledistresses of material existance (mah-tap).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa quotes thefollowing description of the name rudra found in thesmtistra:ruja drvayate yasmd rudras tasmj janrdana"Because Lord Janrdana cures the sickness that is

material life, He is known as Rudra."The name bahu-ir is described in the purua-sktaprayers:sahasra-ir purua"The Supreme Person appears as the thousand-headedLord Anantadeva."Lord Ka explains the meaning of the name uci-rav in the following verse from the smti-stra:ucni sravayniomha dhanajayana ca ppni ghmi

tato 'ha vai uci-rav"O Dhanajaya, I am never contaminated by any sinfulaction, and therefore I am known as uci-rav."Text 27sarvaga sarva-vid bhnurvivakseno janrdanavedo veda-vid avyagovedgo veda-vit kavi

Lord Ka is present everywhere in the materialmanifestation composed of 24 elements, and Hereciprocates the loving service rendered by Hisdevotees (sarvaga). He knows everything auspiciousandinauspicious and He knows all the spiritual andmaterial worlds (sarva-vit). He is like a brilliantsun shining in

this world (bhnu). His associates are like a host ofarmies stationed in every corner of the universe forit'sprotection (vivaksena). He crushes the demons thatseek to destroy the world and He protects the saintlydevotees, removing all their sufferings (janrdana).He is manifested as the Vedic hymns (veda), and He istheknower of the Vedas (veda-vit). He is not directlydescribed in the six Vedgas, which describegrammar,

astronomy, and similar subjects (avyaga). The Vedicliteratures comprise His instructions (vedga). Heisthe most expert theologian, philosopher and poet(kavi).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa quotes thedescription of the word veda, found in the smti-stra:vedo nryaa skt"The Vedas are a direct manifestation of LordNryaa."

The name veda-vit is described by Lord Ka Himselfin the Bhagavad-gt (15.15):vednta-kd veda-vid eva cham"I am the compiler of Vednta, and I am the knower ofthe Vedas."*Text 28lokdhyaka surdhyakodharmdhyaka ktktacatur-tm catur-vyha

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catur-dara catur-bhujaLord Ka is the master of the Vaiavas, who engagein His devotional service and He is also the masterof the vaidika-brhmaas, who worship Him by theperformance of agnihotra-yajas (lokdhyaka). He isthemaster of all the demigods (surdhyaka), thesuperintendent of religious principles, and the judge

of all livingentities (dharmdhyaka). He is completely free frommaterial contact (ktkta) and He has expandedHimself as Lord Vsudeva, Sakaraa, Pradyumna andAniruddha (catur-tm and catur-vyha). He has allthe 14 characteristics of an exalted personality(catur-dara), and He is manifested as four-armedLordViu, who holds a conch, disk, club, and lotus(catur-bhuja).Text 29

bhrajiur bhojana bhokt(-)sahiur jagad-dijaanagho vijayo jetviva-yoni punar-vasuLord Ka is effulgent (bhrajiu), and He suppliesthe neccessities of life to all living entities(bhojana).He relishes foodstuffs and other things offered toHim with devotion, and He is the protector of thegentledevotees (bhokt). He is intolerant of the demons

(asahiu) and tolerant of the offenses accidentallycommitted by His devotees (sahiu). He is the fatherof Lord Brahm, the first living being to appear intheuniverse (jagad-dija). Even though He appears inthis material world, He remains always pure and fullof

transcendental bliss, free form this world'scontamination (anagha). He is always victorious(vijaya) and He isthe Supreme Person because He can defeat any demigodor living entity (jet). He is the original creatorof alluniverses (viva-yoni), and He appears within thismaterial world again and again to protect the

devotees(punar-vasu).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa quotes LordBrahm's explanation of the word jagad-dija found inthesmti-stra:yasya prasdd aham acyutasyabhta praj-si-karo 'ta-krkrodhc ca rudra sthiti-hetu-bhtoyasmc ca madhye purua purastt"Born from the mercy of infallible Lord Ka, I

appear in this world to generate the living entities.iva isborn from Lord Ka's anger in order to destroy theuniverses, and Lord Kra appears as Lord Viu, theprimeval person, in order to maintain the universe."Text 30upendro vmana pruramogha ucir rjitaatndra sagraha sargodhttm niyamo yamaLord Ka is Indra's younger brother (upendra), who

appeared as a young brahmacr to help Indra andcheat Bali Mahrja (vmana). In this incarnation theLord became so tall He could immediately step overtheentire universe (pru). His activities are alwayssuccessful (amogha), and He is supremely pure (uci).He is

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so powerful (rjita) that He easily defeated Bali'sarmy, and He surpasses the strength of Indra(atndra). Heaccepts they who become devoted to Him (sagraha). Hecreated the demigods and everything else (sarga).He enchants and delights the hearts and minds ofIndra and the other devotees (dhttm). He controlsthe

devotees (niyama) and He resides in their hearts andminds (yama).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa observes that thenames in this verse all describe the Lord'sincarnationas Vmanadeva. The smti-stra describes Lord Vmanain the following way:dvdaaivdite putrakra-mukhy nardhipatem avarajo viuryatra lok pratihit

"O King, Aditi gave birth to twelve sons. The eldestson was Indra, and the youngest of Her sons wasVmana, who was actually Lord Viu, in whom allplanetary systems rest."The name pru is described in the smti-stra:toye tu patite hastevmano 'bhd avmanasarva-devamaya rpadaraym sa vai bhuvi"Although Lord Vamana was a very short small boy, Hequickly expanded His form to include all the

demigods."Text 31vedyo vaidya sad-yogviraho mdhavo madhuatndriyo mah-myomahotsho mah-balaLord Ka appeared as Krma-avatra to delivernectar to the demigods and remove their poverty

(vedya). He appeared as Lord Dhanvantari, theoriginal physician, who cures the people's diseasessimply bythe expansion of His fame. As Lord Dhanvantari, Hegave nectar to the demigods (vaidya). He always actsforthe welfare of the demigods (sad-yog). He kills thepowerful demons such as Kasa and the demons eager to

fight the demigods to attain the nectar churned fromthe ocean of milk (viraha). He is the husband ofLakmdev,who appeared from the ocean of milk (mdhava). WithHis handsomeness and charm He enchantedLakm-dev and all the pious demigods (madhu).Removing the nectar from the possession of thedemigods,He disappeared, because He always remains invisibleto they who have no devotion to Him (atndriya). Hethen appeared in the attractive female form of

Mohin-mrti to bewilder the demons and also Lordiva(mah-mya). In this way He earnestly endeavored tomake the demigods' plans successful (mahotsha), andHe displayed His great prowess, which can thwart orbewilder anyone (mah-bala).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa observes that thenames in this verse describe the Lord's incarnations(Krma, Dhanvantari and Mohin-mrti) that appearedwhen the demigods and demons jointly churned theocean of milk.

The smti-stra describes the name viraha:supara-pakbhihat nipetur dnavarabh"When Lord Viu fought the demons, He rode onGarua. Simply by the blows from Garua's wings,the demons fell in the battle."The name mdhava may also mean "the master of alltranscendental knowledge". This is confirmed by thefollowing statement of Lord iva:mvidy ca hare prokt

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tasym o yato bhavntasmn mdhava-nmsiprvam asti abdita"O Lord Hari, knowledge of transcendence is known asm, and because you are the master of all suchtranscendental knowledge, You are known as`mdhava'".Text 32

mah-buddhir mah-vryomah-aktir mah-dyutianirdeya-vapu rmnameytm mahdri-dhkLord Ka is supremely intelligent (mah-buddhi),supremely powerful (mah-vrya), and the master ofalltranscendental potencies (mah-akti). He issupremely splendid (mah-dyuti) and Histranscendental formcannot be seen by material eyes (anirdeya-vapu). He

is supremely handsome (rmn), and His unlimitednature cannot be measured by any living entity ordemigod (ameytm). Appearing as Lord Krma, He heldup the Mandara Mountain (mahdri-dhk).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa comments that LordKa used His great prowess (mah-vrya) totake the nectar on behalf of the demigods, and Heused His great potency (mah-akti) to bewilder thedemons and bring them under His control.A further explanation of the name mah-dyuti is foundin the following description by rla ukadeva

Gosvm:megha-yma kanaka-paridhi kara-vidyoti-vidyunmrdhi-bhrjad-vilulita-kaca srag-dharo rakta-netrajaitrair dorbhir jagad-ubhayadair daaka ghtvmantha-manthan prati girir ivobhattho dhtdri"The Lord appeared like a blackish cloud. He wasdressed with yellow garments, earrings shone on Hisears

like lightning, and His hair was spread over Hisshoulders. He wore a garland of flowers and His eyeswerepinkish. With His strong glorious arms, which awardfearlessness throughout the universe, He took hold ofVasuki, and began churning the ocean, using MandaraMountain as a churning rod. When engaged in this way,the Lord appeared like a splendid sapphire mountain."

Text 33mahevso mah-bhartr-nivsa sat gatianiruddha surnandogovindo govind patiLord Ka is the celebrated archer Lord Rmacandra(mahevsa) and He is the husband of the goddessof fortune (rnivsa). He is the maintainer of theearth (mah-bhart). He is the destination and masterof thedevotees (sat gati) and He cannot be controlled by

anything except pure devotional service (aniruddha).He gives transcendental bliss to the devotees anddemigods (surnanda) and He gives pleasure to thecows,land and senses (govinda). With His spiritualeffulgence He removes all obstacles from the path ofHisdevotees (govind pati).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa observes that thefirst four names in this verse describe the Lord'sexpansions that are worshiped in different parts of

the universe. Lord Mahevsa is worshiped inKimpuruavara,Lord rnivsa is worshiped in Ketumla-vara. LordSat Gati is worshipped by devoteesthroughout the entire universe.The remaining names in this verse describe the Lordas He appears in the abode of vetadvpa.Text 34marcir damano hasa

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suparo bhujagottamahiraya-nbha sutappadma-nbha praj-patiLord Ka is effulgent (marci) and He removes thedistresses of His devotees (damana). He appeared as aswan to enlighten Lord Brahm and the four Kumras(hasa). In His form as Lord Viu He reclines onAnanta-ea (bhujagottama) and is carried by Garua

(supara). His beautiful navel is splendid as gold(hirayanbha). He appeared before the great devoteesworshiping Him with great austerities (sutap) andHis navel is as beautiful as a lotus flower (or Heappears before the pure devotees who worship Hislotus feet)(padmanbha). He is the master and protector of iva,Brahm, and all other living entities (prajpati).Note rla Baladeva Vidybhaa comments that LordKaappeared in the form of a swan because a swan can

discriminate between milk and water, accepting onlythemilk and rejecting the water when they are mixedtogether. Just as the swan discriminates in this way,the Lorddistinguished the actual truth from that which isonly illusion.Text 35amtyu sarva-dk sihasandht sandhimn sthiraajo durmaraa st

viruttm surrihLord Ka is immortal, and He also frees Hisdevotees from death (amtyu). He sees everything,includingthe devotional activities of His servants (sarva-dk). He sprinkles the nectar of His merciful glanceupon thepure devotees, and he becomes like a ferocious lionto attack the demons (siha). He is the creator of

innumerable universes, and He appeared as LordRmacandra, the most expert archer (sandht). In Hisplanto kill Rvaa and rescue St, He became the ally ofSugrva (sandhimn). He is the constant friend ofVibhan and all who approach to take shelter of Him(sthira). He never takes birth in a material body,and

he never abandons His friend (aja). He is merciful(durmaraa) and also expert at punishing the demons(st). He is famous (as Lord Rma, who is verymerciful to the devotees, and who is the killer ofRvaa)(viruttm). He is the killer of Rvaa and otherdemons, who are always enimical to the demigods anddevotees (surrih).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa quotes the ruti-mantra to explain the name sarva-dk. The rutiexplains "ya sarvaja" (the Supreme Personality of

Godhead is omniscient).The commentator explains that, beginning with thename sandht, the names in this verse refer to theLord's appearance as Lord Rmacandra, the son ofMahrja Daaratha.The name aja is explained by Lord Rmacandra Himselfin the following way:mitra-bhvena samprptana tyajeya kathacanadoo yadyapi tasmin sytsatm etad vigarhitam

sakd eva prapanno yastavsmti ca ycateabhaya sarvad tasmaidadmy etad vrata mama"If one becomes My friend, then I shall never leaveHim, and even if His character is very faulty, Ishall not

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take His faults very seriously. If one surrenders toMe even once, and even once says `O Lord, from todayI amYours', I continually protect Him from all dangersand make Him fearless. This is My vow."Text 36gurur gurutamo dhmasatya satya-parkrama

nimio 'nimia sragvvcaspatir udra-dhLord Ka empowers the initiating and instructingspiritual masters to benefit the residents of thematerialworld (guru). He is Himself the best of spiritualmasters who taught Brahm and other great devotees(gurutama). He is the shelter and resting place ofeverything (dhma). He is the benefactor ofVivmitra andthe other saintly devotees, and He is always truthful

(satya). His extraordinary prowess is supremelyauspicious (satya-parkrama). He blinks, notrecognizing the merit of sinful actions (nimia) andhe neverblinks in His continual recognition of the auspiciousactions of devotional service (animia). He wears avaijayant garland (sragv) and He is the protectorof Sarasvat (vcaspati). He is generous (udra-dh).Note rila Baladeva Vidybhaa explains that theLord's generosity may be seen by the fact that Heliberally granted to Guha, Jayu, Sabar, and many

others the great treasure of His lotus feet, which isdifficultto attain even by becoming the most learned Vedicscholar.Text 37agrar grma rmnnyyonet samraasahasra-mrdh vivtmsahasrka sahasra-pt

Lord Ka appeared as Matsya-avatra and rescued theVedas, which were tied to His horn by the rope ofVasuki-nga (agra). As He pulled Lord Manu and theother sages in a golden boat, Lord Matsya enjoyedpastimes on the waters of the ocean of devastation(grma). Lord Matsya spoke the message of theVedasand protected the Vedas at the time of devastation

(rmnnya). He is the leader of all living entities(net),and He moves about with consummate grace (samraa).Appearing with uncountable thousands of heads(sahasra-mrdh), uncountable thousands of eyes(sahasrka), and uncountable thousands of feet(sahasrapt),Lord Ka is the Supreme Soul who pervades theentire universe (vivtm).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa observes that thefirst two lines of this verse describe the Lord's

universal form, which is also described in theBhagavad-gt (13.14):sarvata pai-pda tatsarvato 'ki-iro-mukhamsarvata rutimal loke sarvam vtya tihati"Everywhere are His hands and legs, His eyes andfaces, and He hears everything."*Text 38varttano nivtttmsamvta sampratardanaaha samvartako vahnir

anilo dhara-dharaLord Ka is the Supreme Personality of Godhead, whocauses the conditioned souls to rotate in the cycleof birthand death (varttana), although He Himself is full ofall apiritual opulences and He resides in the eternalspiritual world, free from any material contact(nivtttm). He remains always invisible to theconditioned

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souls who are very eager to attain the tinyhappinesses of material existance (samvta), and Hecauses distressto the demons who are opposed to Him, even if theyassume the forms of so-called scholars, saintlypersons ordemigods (sampratardana). He is Himself thesuccession of days (or He speaks very eloquently andsweetly(aha). He is time itself (samvartaka), and with partof Himself He carries the weight of the entireuniverse(vahni). Supremely independent, at various times Hevoluntarily descends to this material world for thewelfare of the conditioned souls (anila). He is themaintainer of the earth (dhara-dhara).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa quotes thefollowing explanation of the name varttana from therutimantra:

teneda bhramyate brahma-cakram"The Supreme Personality of Godhead causes the livingentities to rotate in the cycle of birth and death."The ruti-mantra gives the following explanation ofthe name nivtttm:tri-pd urddh udaita purua"The Supreme Person resides in the eternal spiritualworld, which is three-quarters of the entirety ofexistance."The ruti-mantra also gives the following explanationof the name samvartaka:

samvartako ya kla"The Supreme Personality of Godhead is manifested asthe time-factor."The ruti-mantra explains the name dhara-dhara:sa dadhra pthivmThe Supreme Personality of Godhead maintains theearth."Text 39suprasda prasanntm

viva-dhg viva-bhug vibhusat-kart sat-kta sdhurjahnur nryao naraLord Ka is very merciful (suprasda). His desiresare always fulfilled, and His heart and mind arealwaysclear and pure (prasanntm). He maintains (viva-dhk) and protects (viva-bhuk) the multitude ofmaterialuniverses, and He is the all-pervading, all-powerful,unlimited, and fearless Supreme Controller (vibhu).He isthe benefactor of the demigods, pits, brhmaas anddevotees (sat-kart) and He is worshiped by them(satkta).He is the benefactor of all living entities and Hiseternal spiritual form is free from any touch ofmatter(sdhu). He defeats the enemies of His devotees

(jahnu), and He is the shelter within whom all livingentitiesrest, as well as the destroyer of ignorance(nryaa). He is the Supersoul who resides in thehearts of allbeings (nara).Note: rila Baladeva Vidybhaa explains that thenames in this verse indicate the Lord's form of asmallchild resting on a banyan leaf at the time ofuniversal annihilation.

The Lord's feature as viva-dhk (holder of theuniverses) is seen when He caused all the universesto exitfrom His body with His exhaling breath, thusastonishing Mrkaeya i.The name jahnu (defeater of enemies) may alsodescribe, when, appearing as Nara-Nryaa i, theLord

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defeated many apsars sent by Indra, and when theLord also defeated iva, who was very eager to fightwithHim.The smti-stras explain the name Nryaa:narj jtni tattvninarnti vidur budhtasya tny ayana prvatena nryna smta"From Lord Viu (nara) all the living entities haveemanated. For this reason, the living entites areknownas nra(born from nara). Because the Lord is the restingplace (ayana) of the total group of living entities(nra), thelearned sages call Him Nryaa."Text 40asakhyeyo 'prameytm

viia ia-kc chucisiddhrtha siddha-sakalpasiddhida siddhi-sdhanaLord Ka's transcendental attributes cannot becounted (asakhyeya), His patience is unlimited(aprameytm). and His opulences are unlimited(viia). He gives His devotees great faith in themessage ofthe Vedas, and thus transforms them into the mostelevated of peaceful saintly persons (ia-kt).Simply by

hearing about Him of or remembering Him, all livingentities become purified and the entire world becomesan auspicious place (uci). All His desires areautomatically fulfilled (siddhrtha and siddha-sakalpa), and it isHe who fulfills the desires of all living entities(siddhida). Simply by remembering Him, the devoteesbecome

successful in their devotional activities, and freedfrom all impediments (siddhi-sdhana).Note: rila Baladeva Vidybhaa explains the nameaprameytm (unlimitedly patient), by recountingthe pastimes of Nara-Nryaa i. The Lord remainedunidsturbed when the damsels sent by Indra tried todistract Him from His vow of celibacy. At that timethe Lord manifested by His own potency a host oftranscendental beautiful girls much more beautifulthan the young soldiers of Indra, and thus casuallyfrustrated their attempt to break His vow, and causedthem to become very astonished.Text 41vh vabho viurvaparv vodaravardhano vardhamna cavivikta ruti-sgaraLord Ka's transcendental qualities eclipse theglory of Indra (vh). Lord Ka illuminates and

protects the entire world by teaching the principlesof devotional service (vabha), and He is all-pervading,present in every atom of the cosmic manifestation(viu). He is a jubliant festival for Indra and thebest of theyogs (vaparv), and he protects Indra in the sameway a mother protects her child (vodara). He causestheprajpatis to prosper (vardhana) and He considerseven the smallest gift given by His pure devotee to

be verygreat (vardhamna). Although He is present in everycorner of the cosmic manifestation, He remains alwaysfree from material contact (vivikta). He is like anocean in which all the rivers of Vedic knowledgeconverge(ruti-sgara).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa quotes Lord iva'sexplanation of the name Viu:

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vyapya sarvn imn loknsthita sarvatra keavatata ca viu-nmsivier dhto pradarant"The verb vi means 'to enter'. Because Lord Keavais all-pervading and present in every corner of everyplanet, as well as in the hearts of all livingbeings, He is therefore known as 'Viu'."The name vardhana begins the list of the names of theHayagrva incarnation of the Lord.Text 42subhujo durdharo vgmmahendro vasudo vasunaika-rpo bhad-rpaipi-via prakanaWith His two strong arms, Lord Ka grantsfearlessnessto the devotees, and also protects the Vedas(subhuja). He cannot be defeated by Madhu, Kaiabha,

or anyother demon (durdhara). He is the proper object ofeloquent prayers, and He is Himself supremelyeloquent(vgm). He is the supreme monarch, who possess allopulences (mahendra). He defeats the demons, givesshelter to the living entities, and grants thenectarean mellows of love of God to the pure devotees(vasuda).He appears before they who understand Histranscendental glories, and thus He becomes their

only wealth(vasu). He appears in many different forms to satisfythe desires of His devotees (naika-rpa). Histranscendental from is larger than everything (bhad-rpa). He enters the waters of devastation, andcausesthe inundation at the end of the universe (ipi-via). He is the original cause of the cosmicmanifestation (or

he rescued the Vedas from the demons Madhu andKaiabha) (prakana.)Text 43ojas tejo dyuti-dharapraktm pratpanadda spakaro mantracandrur bhskara-dyutiLord Ka is supremely powerful (oja and teja) andHe is handsome and effulgent (dhyuti-dhara). Hepersonally appears before His pure devotees(praktm), and He troubles the demons (pratpana).He is fullof all transcendental opulences (dhha). mHe teachesthe message of the Vedas (spakara), and Herevealsthe truth of His confidential pastimes to the mostexalted and intimate devotees (mantra). He issplendid asthe moon (candru). He is effulgent and He defeated

the demons Madhu and Kaiabha with His supremepower (bhskara-dyuti).Text 44amtdbhavo bhnuaabindu surevaraauadha jagata setusatya-dharma-parkramaLord Ka is the father of the moon,(amrtdbhava) and He is very powerful and splendid(bhnu). Hedefeats the atheists (aabindu) and He is the

Supreme Personality of Godhead, understood by thetheists(surevara). Devotional service to Him is the nectar-medicine that counteracts the poisnous snake-bite ofmaterial existance (auadham). He is the enemy of thedemons (jagata setu). He defeats the impersonalistsand establishes the actual truth of spiritual variety(satya-dharma-parkrama).

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Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa quotes thefollowing description of the name amtdbhavafound inthe ruti-stra:candram manaso jta"The moon is born from the mind of the SupremePersonality of Godhead."Baladeva Vidybhaa explains that the nameaabindu begins the list of the names of the Lord'sincarnation as Datttreya.Text 45bhta-bhavya-bhavan-nthapavana pvano 'nalakmah kmakt kntakma kma-prada prabhuIn all three phases time: past, present and future,Lord Ka is eternally the supreme master of alllivingentities (bhta-bhavya-bhavan-ntha). He rescues the

living entities from material existance with Hismercifulsidelong glance (pavana) and He purifies the devotees(pvana). He appears in many forms to protect thedevotees (anala). He tears into pieces the materialdesires of His devotees (kmah and kma-kt). He isthesupreme handsomeness and the object of theaspirations of the saintly paramahasas (knta). Heis the sourceof all that is desirable, even for the buddhists and

other bewildered living beings, (kma) and it is Hewhogrants sense gratification, liberation or whatever isdesired by the conditioned souls (kma-prada). He isomnipotent (prabhu).Text 46yugdi-kd yugvartonaika-myo mahanaadyo vyakta-rpa ca

sahasra-jid ananta-jitLord Ka begins the four yugas by His appearance asthe yuga-avatra (yugdi-ht). He causes thesucession of four yugas (yugvarta). He preaches thespecific processes of spiritual realization intendedforeach yuga (naika-mya), and He is full oftranscendental knowledge, opulences and renunciation(mahana).He is invisible to the uncivilized and demonic(adya) and His form in unlimited (vyakta-rpa). Hedefeatsthousands of uncivilized atheists (sahasra-jit). Hedefeats unlimited numbers of atheists (ananta-jit).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa observes that thefirst four names in this verse describe the Lord'syuga-avatras. The names of Lord Kalki are given inthe next seriesof four names, which begin with adya.

Text 47io viia ieaikha nahuo vakrodhah krodha-kt kartviva-bhur mah-dharaLord Ka is worshiped and glorified by Brahm,iva, and all demigods and saintly persons (ia).Holding the sudarana-cakra, club, lotus and conch,and decorated with the kaustubha jewel and otherornaments, He is splendidly manifest in the city ofMathur (viia). He is worshiped by they who know

thepurpose of the Vedas (iea). In His Vndvanapastimes He is crowned with a peacock feather(ikha).His handsomeness enchanted the minds of the residentsof Vrajabhmi (nahua) and He showered upon thema nectar rain of transcendental bliss and pure loveof God (va). When, hearing the description of Hisnaughty

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childhood pranks, Mother Yaod became angry, Hepacified Her with sweet words (krodhah), but whensheinterrupted feeding Him to tend to the overflowingpot of boiling milk, He became angry and broke thebutter-pot (krodha-kt). He killed the host of demonssent to Vndvana by Kasa (kart), and He protectsthe entire universe with His powerful arms (viva-bhu). He lifted Govardhana Hill to protect theresidents ofVrajabhmi (mah-dhara).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa quotes thefollowing description of the name viia, found inthermad-Bhgavatam (10.3.9):tam adbhuta blakam ambujekaacatur-bhuja akha-gaddy-udyudhamrvatsa-lakma gala-obhi-kaustubhaptmbara sndra-payoda-saubhagam

"Lord Ka then appeared in Mathur as the newbornchild of Vasudeva and Devak. Lord Ka hadwonderful lotuslike eyes and He bore in His hands thefour weapons, akha, cakra, gad and padma. On Hischest was the mark of rvatsa and on His neck thebrilliant kaustubha gem. He was dressed in yellow,and Hisbody was blackish like a dense cloud."*The following description of krodhah is found in thermad-Bhgavatam (10.8.31):.oj off

ittha strbhi sa-bhaya-nayana-r-mukhlokinbhirvykhytrth prahasita-mukh na hy upalbdhumaicchat.oj on"Sometimes all the gop would look at Ka sittingthere, His eyes fearful so that His mother would notchastise Him, and when they saw Ka's beautifulface, instead of chastising Him, they would simplylook

upon His face and enjoy transcendental bliss. MotherYaod would mildly smile at all this fun, and shewouldnot want to chastise her blessed transcendentalson."*The following description of the name krodha-kt isfound in the rmad-Bhgavatam (10.9.6):sajta-kopa sphuritrudharasandaya dadbhir dadhi-mantha-bhjanambhittv mrur dad-aman rahojaghsa haiyagavam antara gata"Being very angry, and biting His reddish lips withHis teeth, Ka, with false tears in His eyes, brokethecontainer of yogurt with a piece of stone. Then Heentered a room and began to eat the freshly churnedbutterin a solitary place."*Text 48

acyuta prathita praprado vsavnujaap-nidhir adhihnamapramatta pratihitaLord Ka is eternal and unchanging, and He is theprotector of the residents of Vraja (acyuta). He isfamous in Vrajabhmi and the entire universe(prathita). He is the object of the pure love of theresidents ofVraja (pra) and He is the source of their strengthand their very life (prada). Even though Indra

offendedHim by trying to flood Vndvana with rain, Kakindly appeared before him (vsavnuja). After He hadforgiven Indra's offenses, Ka was bathed with themilk of the surabhi cows, who thus proclaimed thatLordKa was their Indra (ap-nidhi). Lord Ka ispersonally manifest as the transcendental abode of

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Mthura and the other places where He performedpastimes (adhihnam). He protects the residents ofVrajabhmi with great care and attention (apramatta),and he is respected by all the cowherd men because Heis the son of Nanda Mahrja, the king of Vraja(pratihita).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa quotes King Indra'sexplanation of the name ap-nidhi:aha kilendro devtvam gavm indrat gata"Although I am the indra who rules over the demigodsyou are the indra of these transcendental surabhicows."*ukadeva Gosvm also confirms:indro gavm"Lord Ka is the indra of the transcendentalsurabhi cows."The name adhihnam is described in the ruti-mantra:

skd brahma gopla-pur"The transcendental abode of Mthura is a directincarnation of the Supreme Personality of GodheadHimself."The smti-stra further explains:paca-yojanam evstivana me deha-rpakamThe transcendental land of Vndvana, which is fiveyojanas in area, is a direct manifestation of My owntranscendental form."In the Vedic literatures, Lord Ka Himself explains

the name apramatta:tasmn mac-charaa gohaman-ntha mat-parigrahamgopya svtma-yogenaso 'ya me vrata hita"I vow that with My own internal potency I shallalways protect the cows, cowherd men and gops whoreside in Vndvana and who have all taken shelter ofMe and depend upon Me. I vow that I shall alwyas

protect my dear parents and my relatives and friendswho reside here."Text 49skanda skanda-dharo dhuryovarado vyu-vhanavsudevo bhad-bhnurdi-deva purandaraLord Ka causes Kasa's demon friends to whitheraway (skanda), and at the same time He grantsstrength to Krttikeya, the general of the demigodarmies (skanda-dhara). It is upon Him that the burdenofall the universes rests (dhurya), and He grants thebenedictions desired by the florist Sudm and allotherdevotees (varada). He is the source of life for allliving entities, and His chariot moves more swiftlythan thewind (vyu-vhana). He is the splendid and effulgent

(bhad-bhnu) son of King Vasudeva (vsudeva). He isthe original source of all the demigods (di-deva)and he is the destroyer of the demons (purandara).Lord Ka explains the meaning of the name devdi inthe Bhagavad-gt (10.2):aham dir hi devnm"I am the source of the demigods."*Text 50aokas traas traura aurir janevaraanukla atvarta

padm padma-nibhekaaLord Ka removed the lamentation of the earth(aoka) and also removed the fear inspired in theheartsof the devotees by demonic rulers who were actuallyonly theives disguised _as kings (traa). He removesthe

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devotee's fear of repeated birth, old-age, diseaseand death (tra). He is very powerful and heroic(ura) andHe appeared in the dynasty of the great devotee andpowerful King Devama (auri). He is the king thatruled over the citizens of Mathur, delighting themwith great transcendental bliss, and He is also thesupremeruler of all living entities in both the spiritualand material worlds (janevara). He is the kind well-wisher of theresidents of Mthura, and all other living entitiesalso (anukla), and His transcendental opulence andprowessbewilder both the demons, headed by Kasa, and alsothe devotees, headed by Nrada (atvarta). Heplayfully holds a lotus flower (padm), His eyes areas beautiful as lotus flowers, and He resides in Hiseternal

abode of Gokula, which appears like a great lotusflower (padma-nibhekaa).Note rila Baladeva Vidybhaa explains that thename padmi has another menaing which is veryconfidential. Padm may mean: "Lord Ka who appearslike a blue lotus flower and who is accompanied byrmati Rdhr, who appears like a golden lotusflower which grows inthe waaters of pure love ofGodhead. Those two lotus flowers are surrounded byinnumerable other lotus flowers, which are the gops,who are all expansions of rmat Rdhr."

The transcendental abode of Gokula (padma-nibhekaa)is described in the following verse from theBrahma-sahit (5.2):sahasra-patra kamalagokulkhya mahat padamtat-karikra tad dhmatad ananta-sabhavam"The superexcellent station of Ka, which is knownas Gokula, has thousands of petals and a corolla like

that of a lotus sprouted from a part of Hisinfinitary aspect, the whorl of the leaves being theactual abode ofKa."*Text 51padma-nbho 'ravindkapadma-garbha arra-bhtmaharddhir ddho vddhtmmahko garua-dhvajaLord Ka's navel is like a lake from which hassprouted the lotus flower that is the place ofBrahm'sbirth (padma-nbha). Lord Ka's eyes are likefully-blossomed lotus flowers (aravindka). Healwaysstands in the lotus-like hearts of the gops andother intimate devotees (padma-garbha), and He alwaysprotects the devotees who meditate upon Him seatedwithin their lotus-hearts (arra-bht). He is full

of alltranscendental opulences (mahardhi), and He isendowed with omniscience and other similartranscendentalpowers and qualities (ddha). He pervades theuniverses and enjoys innumerable transcendentalpastimes(vddhtm). His handsome eyes are very large, andHis transcendental form cannot be understood with thelimited material senses (mahka). He carries a flagmarked with the emblem of Garua (garua-dhvaja).

Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa quotes Lord Ka'sown description of the name arra-bht, found inthe smti-stra:darana-dhyna-sasparairmatsya-krma-vihagamsvny apatyni puntitathham api padmaja

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"By vision, by meditation and by touch only do thefish, the tortoise and the birds maintain theiroffspring.Similarly do I also, O Padmaja."*Text 52atula arabho bhmasamayajo havir-harisarva-lakaa-lakayolakmvn samitijayaLord Ka's transcendental form cannot be comparedto anything else (atula). He is like a ferociousarabha beast that destroys the demons (arabha).Although His ferocity strikes fear into the demons'hearts,He nevertheless liberates those demons who have thegood fortune to be killed by Him (bhma).Understanding the devotion borne for Him by Hisservants, at the appropriate time He gives them thetranscendental result earned by their efforts

(samayaja). Situated as the Supersoul within thehearts of Hisrepresentatives, the demigods, He personally acceptsthe clarified butter offered to them in theperformance ofVedic sacrifices (havir-hari). He is endowed with the32 auspicious signs of a great personality, and allotherauspicious characteristics as well (sarva-lakaa-lakaya), and when he appears in His original formas Ka

in Gokula, He is endowed with all transcendentalhandsomeness and opulence (lakmvn). He is alwaysvictorious in battle (samitijaya).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa quotes thedescription of the name atula found in the ruti-mantra:na tasya pratim"Nothing can compare with the transcendental form ofthe Supreme Personality of Godhead."

Text 53vikaro rohito mrgohetur dmodara sahamah-dharo mah-bhgovegavn amitanaLord Ka is always affectionate to those who takeshelter of Him (vikara), and He becomes angry atthose who try to harm those who take shelter of Him(rohita). Inspired by His ever fresh transcendentalqualities, the devotees always search for Him, and Healso reveals the path of spiritual enlightment to Hisdevotees (mrga). He inspires great love in thehearts of His devotees, and He is also the origin ofeverything(hetu). He allowed His waist to be tied by MotherYaod\'s rope (dmodara), and He patiently toleratedMother Yaod's chastisement of Him, which wasinspired by pure parental love (saha). His birthdayoccasioned a great celebration in Gokula, where His

transcendental names, pastimes, and qualities wereallglorified (mah-dhara). Devotional service to Him isthe best of all spiritual activites (mah-bhga). Hecan runfaster than anyone, and is thus always ahead ofeveryone else, and He also runs quickly as Heenthusiasticallyplays with His friends, the sons of the cowherd menof Gokula (vegav n). He assumed a giant form and atethe innumerable cakes, condensed-milk products and

other palatable foods offered to Govardhana Hill bythecowherd men (amitana).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa quotes thefollowing explanation of the name dmodara, found inthesmti-stra:..... te naiva nmntrako vai dma-bandhant

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gohe dmodara itigopbhi parigyate"Instead of calling Yaod's son Ka, the gops inVraja have taken to calling Him Dmodara, becauseHis mother bound Him about the waist with a rope."Text 54uddhava kobhao devar-garbha paramevarakaraa krna kartvikart gahano guhaDragging the mortar between the two yamala-arjunatrees, Lord Ka liberated the two sons of Kuvera(uddhava). Hearing about Lord Ka's transcendentalqualities, pastimes, and forms, the devotees becomeagitated with transcendental bliss (kobhaa). LordKa enjoys transcendental pastimes (deva). Hepossesses all the opulences contained within theuniverse, and he revealed those opulences to motherYaod

when she looked in His mouth to see if He had eatenclay (r-garbha). He is the master of rmatRdhr,the supreme goddess of fortune (paramevara), and thebenefactor of His devotees, helping them attainperfection in bhakti (karaam). Using His threepotencies He created the material world (kraam). Heis theultimate creator (kart). Situated in the heart ofthe secondary creator, Brahm, He is the actualcreator of all

planets and all living entities (vikart). Theactivities of His intelligence are very subtle andcan be understoodonly by the wise (gahana). He desires to enjoyconfidential pastimes with the residents ofVrajabhmi (guha).Text 55vyavasyo vyavasthnasasthna sthnado dhruva

pararddhi parama-spaatua pua ubhekaaThat Lord Ka is the Supreme Personality of Godheadis the final conclusion of all Vedic literatures(vyavasya), Lord Ka is endowed with innumerableeternal transcendental attributes (vyavasthna). Heiseternally youthful, and the entire cosmicmanifestation enters into Him at the time ofannihilation(sasthna). He gives to His devotees the mostdesirable station of eternal residence in thespiritual world(sthnada), and He even becomes the submissivefollower of His pure devotee (dhruva). He is endowedwithall transcendental opulences (pararddhi), and forthis reason He is glorified in all Vedic literatures(paramaspaa).

He is full of transcendental bliss (tua). Thedevotees always try to please Him by offeringfragrantincense, palatable foodstuffs, and other pleasingsubstances (pua). His merciful glance is thebeginning of allauspiciousness (ubhekaa).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa quotes thedescription of the name vyavasya found in rmad-Bhgavatam (1.3.28):kas tu bhagavn svayam

"Ka is the Supreme Personality of Godhead, thesource of all incarnations."*Lord Ka has personally explained the meaning ofthe name dhruva in the smti-stra in the followingway:nirapeka munim ntanirvaira sama-daranamanuvrajmy aha nityampuyeyety aghri-reubhi

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"Because my devotees are indifferent to the temporaryhappiness and distress of this world, they are alwayspeaceful, and because they do not consider thatanyone is their enemy, they see everyone with anequal eye. Icontinually follow these saintly devotees, so that Imay become purified by the dust of their lotus feet."Text 56rmo virmo virajomrgoneyo nayo 'nayavra aktimat rehodharmo dharmavid-uttamaLord Ka delights the hearts of the yogs and Heenjoys transcendental pasitmes with rmat Rdhrand the gops of Vndvana (rma). He is the ultimateboundary within which everything exists (virma). Heisattained by following the supreme path of puredevotional service (virajo-mrga), and He issubmissive to thedevotees who approach Him in friendship (neya). Hecarries out the orders of His pure devotees (naya),andthey who ignore His orders cannot attain anauspicious destination (anaya). He is the unequalledhero whocasually severed iupla's head and killed manyother demons also (vra). He is the best of allpowerfuldemigods and yogs (aktimat reha), and He is

the sustainer of all planets and all living entities(dharma).He is the maintainer of Manu and all others who knowthe truth of spiritual life (dharmavid-uttama).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa quotes thefollowing explanation of the name dharma found in thesmti-stra:ye ca veda-vido viprye cdhytma-vido jan

te vadanti mahtmnakna dharma santanam"Learned scholars who know the meaning of the Vedasand saints who know the truth of spiritual life allsay that Lord Ka is the Supreme Personality ofGodhead, who eternally maintains all living entitiesand theentire world."Text 57vaikuha purua praprada praava pthuhiraya-garbha atrughnovypto vyur adhokajaLord Ka appeared as the son of Vaikuh-dev, thewife of ubhra, (vaikuha). He is the supremeperson (purua). He is dear as life for the devotees(pra), and He purifies the devotees' senses(prada).He is eternally young, and He is worthy of receivingthe respectful obeisances of all living entities(praava).He generously considers His devotees equal to Himself(pthu). He is knowledge, He is the goal ofknowledge,and He is approached by the cultivation oftranscendental knowledge (hirayagarbha). He killslust, greed,and all other enemies of His devotees (atrughna).Attracted by the love of His devotees, he alwaysremains

within their hearts (vypta). Many times He defeatedJarsandha, the king of Magadha (vyu). He is beyondthe reach of the blunt material senses and, as Herested beneath a cart, He killed the demon akasura(adhokaja).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa quotes thefollowing explanation of the name praava, found inthesmti-stra:

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praamantha ya vedastasmt praava ucyate"Supreme Personality of Godhead is known as praavabecause all the personified Vedas offer respectfuloveisances to Him."The name hirayagarbha is explained in the followingway in the Bhagavad-gt (13.18):jna jeya jna-gamyam"The Supreme Personality of Godhead is knowledge, theobject of knowledge, and the goal ofknowledge."*In the name adhokaja, adha means beneath, akameans the wheel of a cart, and ja means born. In thisword, ja means "born for a second time: or "rescued".This use of the word ja is shown in the followingquotefrom the smti-stra:dadur nihat tatrarakas vana-gocarpunar-jto 'yam ity huruktas tasmd adhokaja"When the inhabitants of Vndvana saw the giantdemoness Ptan had been killed by Kra, they criedout: "Ka is safe. It is as if He has taken birthfor a second time before our eyes." Because thevrajavsscalled out in this way, Lord Ka is known asAdhokaja."Text 58tu sudarana kla

parameh parigrahaugra savatsaro dakoviramo viva-dakiaLord Ka, who is endowed with all wonderfultranscendental attributes, enters the hearts of Hispuredevotees, who are all full of love for Him (tu). Heis supremely handsome (sudarana), and he is also the

time-factor, which destroys all things (kla). Heremoved the burden of the earth (parameh). Itshould beunderstood that the demigods are not supreme, butKa is the Supreme Personality of Godhead,(parigraha). He assumes a terrible feature to killthe demons (ugra), He always remains with Hisdevotees(savatsara), and His supreme handsomeness isrevealed to the residents of Vndvana (daka). Heremovedthe gops' fatigue during the rsa dance, and Heremoves the fatigue of the devotees in general(virama). Hewill give the entire world, and even Himself, to Hispure devotee (viva-dakia).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa quotes thefollowing description of the name sudarana, found inthermad-Bhgavatam:yad dharma-snor bata rjasyenirkya dk-svastyayana tri-lokakartsnyena cdyeha gata vidhturarvak-stau kaualam ity amanyata"All the demigods from the upper, lower, and middleuniversal planetary systems assembled at the altar ofthe rjasya sacrifice performed by MahrjaYudhihira. After seeing the beautiful bodilyfeatures of LordKa, they all contemplated that He was the ultimate

dextrous creation of Brahm, the creator of humanbeings."*The name viva-dakia is explained in the followingquote from the smti-stra:dadty tmnam apy aja"The unborn Supreme Personality of Godhead is so kindthat He gives Himself to His pure devotee."Text 59vistra sthvara sthu

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prama bjam avyayamartho 'nartho mah-koomah-bhgo mah-dhanaLord Ka engages in many different lovingrelationships with His devotees (vistra). Removingtheburden of the unnecessary defense forces of manydemonic kings, Lord Ka restored the earth to apeacefulcondition (sthvara). At the end of the Kali-yuga Hewill appear as Lord Kalki to re-establish the Vedicprinciples (sthu). He always speaks the truth(pramam), and He is the imperishable seed of allexistance(bjam avyayam). The pure devotees free from materialdesires strive to attain Him (artha), and thosefilledwith many desires cannot strive to attain Him, butprefer to worship the demigods to attain heavenlysensegratificationsin the svarga planets (anartha). He is the master ofan unlimited treasury (mah-koa), and He isfull of all transcendental opulences (mah-bhga). Heis the master of all wealth (mah-dhana).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa quotes thisdescription of the name sthu, found in the smti-stra:sthpayitv sva-marydsvaya bhuvi hit hitm"Descending to this world at the end of the kali-

yuga, the Supreme Personality of Godhead will re-establishthe principles of religion, and bring auspiciousnessto the earth."The name artha and anartha are explained in thefollowing verses from the smti-stra:catur-vidh mama janbhakt eva hi te smtem ekantina rehas

te vai vnyad adevataham eva gatis tenir sarva-karmamye tu is trayo bhaktphala-km hi te mat"Four kinds of persons become My devotees: thedistressed, those in need of money, the curious, andthoseseeking transcendental knowledge. Of these four kindsof men, those seeking transcendental knowledge, whohave Me as the only goal in their life are the best,and the others are considered more or lessmaterialistic. Iam the only goal of the exalted souls who have nodesire to atain material benefit by performingvariousfruitive activites. The other three kinds of devoteesare inferior because they strive to attain somematerialresults for their endeavors."The name mah-dhana is explained in the followingstatement from the smti-stra:kim alabhya bhagavatiprasanne r-niketane"Lord Ka is the Supreme Personality of Godhead,full of all opulence and all transcendental bliss,andHe is the master of the goddess of fortune. No onecan say that Ka requires to obtain something,because

He is already the master of everything in both thespiritual and material worlds."*Text 60anirvia sthaviho bhrdharma-ypo mah-makhanakatra-nemir nakatrkama kma samhana

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Lord Ka is not discouraged by the rebelliousnessof the conditioned souls, and He always acts fortheirwelfare and protection (anirvia). His form islarger than the cluster of stars known as theiumra-cakra(sthaviha) and He appears as the Dhruvaloka planet,about which the other planets revolve (bh). He isthepillar upon which all religious principles rest(dharma-ypa), and all the great Vedic sacrifices aremeant forHis satisfaction (mah-makha). He causes the motionof all the planets (nakatra-nemi), and He is themonarch who rules all planets and stars (nakatr).He controls the movements of the planets (kama), andHeis situated within all the planets (kma). Piouspersons aspire to attain Him (samhana).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa quotes thefollowing description of the name nakatra-nemi foundin thesmti-stra:alta-cakravad yntivta-cakreritni tuyasmj jyotisi vahatipravahastena sasmta"It is because of the order of the SupremePersonality of Godhead that the luminous planets andstars move

about in their orbits, like sparks moving in thewind."It may be noted here that the names in this versedescribe Lord Ka's feature as the master of theplanetsand stars.Text 61yaja ijyo mahejya cakratu satra sat gati

sarva-dar vimukttmsarvajo jnam uttamamLord Ka appeared as the avatra Yaja, the son ofPrajpati Ruci and Akti-dev (yaja), and He is thesupreme object of worship (ijya). He should beworshiped with all grandeur and all royalparaphernalia(mahejya), and the ritualistic ceremonies prescribedin the Vedas are intended for His worship (kratu). Heisthe protector of the devotees, and He is valued bythem as their only wealth (satram). Only the puredevoteesare able to attain His association (sat gati). Hesee everything, and He especially notices theactivities ofHis devotees (sarva-dar). He is free from anymaterial contact (vimukttm), and because He is theSupersoul in the hearts of all creatures, He knowseverything (sarvaja). He is the supreme object ofknowledge (jnam uttamam).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa quotes thefollowing explanation of the name sarva-dar:darana-dhyna-sasparairmatsya-krma-vihagamsvny apatyni puantitathham api padmaja"By vision, by meditation, and by touch only do thefish, the tortoise and birds maintain theiroffspring.

Similarly do I also, O Padmaja."*The ruti-stra explains the meaning of the namejnam uttamam:satya jnam ananta brahma"The unlimited Personality of Godhead is the supremetruth and the supreme object of knowledge."The name yaja is described in the rmad-Bhgavatam(2.7.2):jto rucer ajanayat suyamn suyaja

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kti-snur amarn atha dakiym"The Supreme Personality of Godhead appeared as LordYaja, the son of Prajpati Ruci and His wifeAkti."*Text 62suvrata sumukha skmasughoa sukhada suhtmanoharo 'jita-krodhovra-bhur vidraaLord Ka is pleased with the devotees whofaithfully keep their vows to serve Him (suvrata).His smilingface reveals His bliss (sumukha). His spiritual formis eternal and full of knowledge and bliss (skma).Byexpertly playing the flute, He charms and pleases theminds of Brahm and all other living entities(sughoa),and delights everyone (sukhada). He is the well-wishing friend of the devotees (suht), and thehandsomenessof His three-fold-bending form captures their minds(manohara). Even though ferociously attacked by theKliya serpent, Ka did not become angry, but wasmerciful to His adversary (ajita-krodha). With Hispowerful arms, He can crush the greatest of heroes(vra-bhu). Even though Baksura was big as amountain,Lord Ka easily split his beak as if it were ablade of grass (vidraa).

Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa comments on thename ajita-krodha by quoting the prayers of the wivesofthe Kliya serpent:krodho 'pi te 'nugraha eva sammata"O Lord, even though this serpent is by nature veryangry and envious to You, You are very kind, and Youhave forgiven him."*Text 63

svpana svavao vypnaiktm naika-karma-ktvatsaro vatsalo vatsratna-garbho dhanevaraFull of fraternal love, devoted Lord Ka massagesthe lotus feet of Lord Balarma, fatigued with theday'splaying, and makes Him fall asleep (svpana). Kais supremely independent, and according to His ownwishHe convinced the residents of Vraja to worshipGovardhana Hill instead of Indra (svavaa). At everymomentHe is present everywhere (vyp), and He also expandsHis original form into innumerable viu-tattva forms(naiktm). He enjoys various wonderfultranscendental pastimes to accomodate the varietiesof spiritual lovethe different devotees bear for Him (naika-karma-kt). He personally calls each calf by its own name(vatsara), and He is also very affectionate to them(vatsala). He is the master of innumerable calves(vats). Heis like a most precious jewel born from Yaod-dev(ratna-garbha). He is the masterof numberless surabhicows (dhanevara).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa quotes thedescription of the name svpana found in rmad-Bhgavatam:svaym virmayaty rya

pda-savhandibhi"Lord Ka performed many services to please Hiselder brother, Balarma. Sometimes, when LordBalarma felt fatigued, Ka would massage His legs,and thus cause Balarma to fall into a pleasantsleep."*The name naiktm is described in the ruti-stra:ekatvam ajahad eva bahu-rpaeko 'pi san bahudh yo 'vabhti

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"Although the Supreme Personality is one, He hasexpanded into innumerable viu-tattva forms."Text 64dharma-gup dharma-kd dharmsad asat karam akaramavijt sahasrurvidht kta-lakaaLord Ka protects the religious principles taughtin the Vedas (dharma-gup). He teaches the principlesofreligion for the welfare of all living entities(dharma-kt). Strictly following religiousprinciples, He sets theperfect example for everyone (dharm). He existseternally in past, present, and future (sat). and Heis alwaysfree from lamentation and death (asat). His lotusfeet are the supreme object of worship for all livingentities,and He protects the devotees from the demons(karam). He is the sacred syllable o (akaram). Heexcusesthe offenses of those who take shelter of Him(avijt). He is omniscient (sahasru). Heforgives theoffenses of the surrendered souls (vidht), and Hereveals His original form to the most exalteddevotees(kta-lakaa).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa quotes the

following scriptural explanations of some of thenames in thisverse.The name dharma-gup is explained by the Lord Himselfin the Bhagavad-gt (4.8):dharma-sasthpanrthyasambhavmi yuge yuge"In order to re-establish the principles of religion,I appear millenium after millenium."*

The name dharma-kt is also explained in theBhagavad-gt (3.22) in Lord Ka's own words:na me parthsti kartavyatriu lokeu kicanannavptam avptavyavarta eva ca karmai"O son of Pth, there is no work prescribed for Mewithin all the three planetary systems. Nor am I inwant ofanything, nor have I need to obtain anything-and yetI am engaged in work."*The from the smti-stra explains the name sat:sad eva saumya"The Supreme Personality of Godhead is eternal"The name akaram is described in the ruti-atra:om ity tmna dhyyatha"Please meditate on the Supreme Personality ofGodhead, who is manifested in the sacred syllableo."The name avijt is explained by Lord Ka in theBhagavad-gt (9.30):api cet sudurcrobhajate mm ananya-bhksdhur eva sa mantavyasamyag vyavasito hi sa"Even if one commits the most abominable actions, ifhe is engaged in devotional service, he is to beconsidered saintly, because he is properlysituated."*The name vidht is explained in the rmad-

Bhgavatam:sva-pda-mla bhajata priyasyatyaktnya-bhvasya-hari pareavikarma yac cotpatita kathaciddhunoti sarva hdi sannivi"Pure devotees give up everything to exclusivelyworship the lotus feet of the Lord, and thus theybecome very

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dear to Him. Lord Hari personally appears within thehearts of such devotees, and cleanses away all thereactions of fruitive activities for them."*Text 65gabhasti-nemi sattva-sthasiho bhta-mahevaradi-devo mah-devodeveo deva-bhd guruLord Ka holds the effulgent sudarana-cakra toprotect the devotees from the messengers of Yamarja(gabhasti-nemi), and He remains always situated inthe hearts of the pure devotees (sattvastha). Heappearslike a ferocious lion to protect the devotees fromany Yamadta who attempts to take them into custody(siha), and He is the absolute monarch whocompletely controls Yamarja and his followers(bhtamahevara).He is the original spiritual master, the teacher ofYamarja and His followers (di-deva). Herelishes the pastimes He performs with His devotees,and He yearns to crush whoever would harm Hisdevotees (mahdeva). He relishes the pastimes ofchildhood play performed with His cowherd-boyfriends,and He forgives any offenses they may commit in thecourse of their playing (devea). He is the teacherandmaintainer of Brahm, iva and all the demigods(deva-bhd guru).

Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa quotes theexplanation of the name mahdeva found in the smti-stra:bla kranakair yvatkrate 'smbhir acyuta"The infalliable Personality of Godhead accepted thecowherd boys of Vraja as His playmates, and enjoyedHis childhood pastimes in their company."Text 66

uttaro gopatir goptjna-gamya purtanaarra-bhta-bhd bhoktkapndro bhri-dakiaBecause Lord Ka possesses unlimited wonderfulpotencies, He is the best of persons (uttara). Thesun-godSrya considers Lord Ka His supreme master(gopati), Lord Ka is the protector of all livingentities(gopt), and He is understood by spiritualenlightenment (jnagamya). He has expanded Himselfas theSupersoul in the bodies of all conditioned souls, andHe is the oldest persons (purtana). Thetranscendentalabode of Vndvana is a manifestation of His owntranscendental form (arra-bhta-bht), and Heeternallyrelishes transcendental pastimes in that land ofVndvana (bhokt). He is the master of the monkeysofVndvana, who participate in His boyhood pastimes(kapndra). On the celebration of His birthday Hegaveabundant charity to the brhmaas (bhri-dakia).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa and rlaBhaktivinoda hkura explain that the name jna-gamyaimplies that merely by performing the pious fruitive

activities enjoined in the Vedas for elevation toheavenlyplanets, one will never be able to understand theactual truth about Ka.The name arra-bhta-bht is described by Lord Kain the smti-stra in the following way:paca-yojanam evstivana me deha-rpakam

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"The land of Vndvana, which extends for fiveyojanas, is a manifestation of My own transcendentalform."Text 67somapo 'mtapa somapurujit puru-sattamavinayo jaya satya-sandhodrha svat patiLord Ka protects the demigod iva (somapa), and Heprotects all the other demigods as well (amtapa).Lord Ka is very famous and handsome, and He islike a transcendental moon shining over Gokula(soma).He is very powerful and defeats all His enemies(purujit). He is the best of all living entities(puru-sattama).He is respectfully served by the Yadus, and Heresponds by humbly rendering similar service to them(vinaya).Defeated by the affection the Yadus bear for Him, Hehas become controlled by them (jaya). He promises toalways protect His devotees (satya-sandha). He isdescended from King Darha, and He is the mostvaluablething in existance (drha). He is the protector ofthe Yadus, and the lord and master of the great soulswhopreach the truth about Him for the benefit of theconditioned souls (stvat pati).Note: rla Baladeva Vidybhaa quotes the

explanation of the name drha found in the from thesmtistra:ata patratara ko 'nyastriu lokeu vidyatekt kamala-patrkddevadevj janrdant"Within the entire expanse of the three planetarysystems, what treasure is more valuable than lotus-petaleyed

Lord Ka, who is the master of the demigods and theprotector of the devotees?Text 68jvo vinayit skmukundo 'mita-vikramaambho-nidhir ananttmmahodadhi-ayo 'ntakaBy giving them the nectar of His association, LordKa brings to life the devotees distressed by Hisabsence(jva). He protects His devotees as if they were Hisown children (vinayit), and He is perfectly aware ofHowthey are distressed by not being able to associatewith Him directly (sk). His smiling face is asbeautiful as akunda flower (mukunda), and He uses His unlimitedprowess to protect His devotees (amita-vikrama). FromHim the Garbhodaka ocean has emanate