1#s d +*

kVr jD kjTT

2 #s d +*

3#s d +*

qe \+>D |_w+> VdtmyTV#Y ueH, b{ H+. 21/1, nCeu

4 #s d +*

|#TsD d+K : 1359

|Vdt

myTV#Y ueH, b{ H+. 21/1, nCeu

5#s d +*

$wjTd

y[ ........................................................................ 6

ns Ks+ ndeTjT+ .................................................... 7

|eTTKT\ d+|+ ....................................................... 10

d+bD >T+& #|&T ........................................ 17

ns j ........................................................ 29

D >T+& #|&T ........................... 31

$\D nsjq+ ....................................................... 39

eTq \| eTVeTw ................................................... 42

J$ H]+~ eTdT

6 #s d +*

y[

&Vdt deT]dTq ns+* ~. |{+~n>\+H nsTTH &T|

7#s d +*

ns Ks+ ndeTjT+

H \+>D { sH\ MD n+f >TsT=#~

8 #s d +*

nuTT s+#sT. n_qeydT&> _sT

9#s d +*

nq+s+ KeT+ ysT. |]dT\ |ue+ e\ KeT+ >sed+#sT. C+ b\qqT qq+ qT+# es+#&+ jTq # bs+ s+_+#sT.17 @ bjT+H nsdjsT. C+ s+X b\q, ukeTT\,|+ n\T|sT> bs+ #XsT. $&+ $jTy& y[ yT{ wH |P] #d e#sT. 1951`57 eT

10 #s d +*

|eTTKT\ d+|+

>essY, dm+

|eTTK s#sTT #s eT | >essY qsd+VH,eTTK eT+ #+& kqTu *bsT. #s q s#q\ DO jTq #] s ksTT> *bsHsT. \s essY qsd+VH nHsT.#s n+jT\qT |uT n~s +#H\ sV+#\dm+ |uT |

11#s d +*

|\ V+ ]q >=| kVry : $TH

#s eTsD+ $#sseT d|m+ sh s

12 #s d +*

m+_ ueH H d

13#s d +*

\T>T kV rsT : m+d|jTT

#s eTsD+ \T>T kV rs m+d|(jTT)sh s DH{ MT+D ke >eTH n

14 #s d +*

k+_s& *bsT. nuT

15#s d +*

eTV$ eTsD+ rsT : \T>T $X$T$X$

16 #s d +*

u j d+

17#s d +*

\+>D >T+& #|&T

Ls HC+qT m~]+ *q \+>D y[\T #s + qT+ w$T+#sT. s+s+ >Te, +| \+>D qJeqys~> *q jTq eTq* $& ysT. +>TuT msT> y] JeqyT s d]. #b\qTq~ #| rs\H y] D kjTT

18 #s d +*

+b D |\ y*, V +# X y] +~.

19#s d +*

+q

20 #s d +*

C+ b\H\+ +q jTq nH |]De\ | k.ndeq\, nDy\ \jT+> e]q H{ deC >eTd |]qjTq jTT&+ Xs yTMT

21#s d +*

n+ |uee++> T y | MT, $y

22 #s d +*

n_qe ydT&T

#s Jeq |kq+ ke #H

23#s d +*

|X |

24 #s d +*

sVyTq dHq |Ty] w T yy\Te]+#&+ s+>#s Jeq jTC |PsVQ dT#| sD qT&|+#TH&T. \T>Ty] >T+&\qT+& n&T =+Tq $#s s#H $Hk\ s+>u$T nsTT+~. {

25#s d +*

|u~+#sT. q s#q\ bs{ D qJeq bs +> eT*#sT. e]dT>bsTu q&H.. e#q y&\ &\qT #dq jTq |dVTH kVk\T, n+s+>+ >\T b s$HsjTD s&, s#q e{ sTk$T\qT #dT= |CD de #] #|&+ jTq n+

26 #s d +*

sTT+

27#s d +*

28 #s d +*

29#s d +*

\T>T |\ >

n&= |]|Ps eqe&T. +&T eTqdT $TT\qT |\T]+#eTeTeT]. d#yTq V sTqe\T |d]+# nqTs>ds|&T. >T+& e]C +|=, >=+T yTuT |{+q sT\ ||Tq #q+, eT{ eTqTw\qT+ sb+~q eTVHjT\ $se+ e+{ nHH n+X\qT qe\\T>eT*q \T>T |\ > & #s .

V&sT.es+> >eTeT~. n&= |+& T++, y] +&T\ e

30 #s d +*

||Tq bs{\T k

31#s d +*

D >T+& #|&T

> ju @ \T>T $d+> sdTq y] #s sT. 1960 b++ s#H J$+ bs+_+, s+sjT+>s#q\T #dTHsT. yTT#s sejTD us u>e

32 #s d +*

ssTTq eTdT j, e]dT Cq+ *q s#sTT> s|~

33#s d +*

s+ ]> yk\T,d+|T $s+ |s k+d yesD qe\ #> |_+_++~.

yT|P\T

\sD |C J$++#&, yT|P\T 1938 qT+ 1948 es, n+f V

34 #s d +*

e+ # $X\yT+~. 1948 s \+>D | eqesT,e]q >eT dsb\T, k+ + sTy L& es &T>T\ J$\T,#s $T> qe\>+D qJ$, bs{ qe\ +q s+>#s qT@$T dTHs, +# de+ m e+T+e\ H +& eT #+

35#s d +*

Xs\+

qe\ >eT+, dHq d+|e\ |r. d+|+> +#sT. nsTT de+ @ d e+eTjT

>eTk|q yTTeTjT qe\ r]++~. H |Ps| s#q\ |ue+ qe\ |dT+~. qe\ |

36 #s d +*

|] |sT nqTe~+#sT. C+ =\Te s nqTy | #dq

MTs sTk s+q s qe\ ey CH n#s \T>T

nqTe~+#sT. qe\ 1857 eTT+

37#s d +*

d+|

38 #s d +*

e #b\+f s+>#s kV J$+ $dyT+~.qJ$* qe\\T> eT*#sT. +D #+~q yde J$ qe\,

39#s d +*

$\D nsjq+

#snsjq+ mHH yT\TsHsTT. jTq d+d+=| e#q s#sTT. H&T C+ b\q es+>]q bs+ jo\+> bZq j #|HsT.sY k$T 1930e D deC d |\eTw qe\qT s+#sT. nq+s+ s+_+q >+>T qe\ jTqeTsD+ ns+s+>H eTTd+~. nT sTy mes H{ \+>DqTqe\ +#+ |j+#THsT s+>#s. \+>D |\T&T\

40 #s d +*

kV + | |#s+ jTH +s y\&+#sT. |\TesT kVr $eTs\TyT |P\T s+>#s k~+q \ |qT |X+d+#sT. m&mTe+{ nqedsyTq b\T d+uwD\T +& #> qe\qTr]~#s . 1940\ H{ \+>D |]dT\T yT|P\T qe\q&sTT. s+>#s qe\ $ksyT~. q|\T>+~. 1950e D >MTD,|D deC #T#dTq sjT, ke |]De* q|#s qT+& y\Te&q Xs\+. ejT \sTL& $wyTq qe\ . \+>D b+| keq |C+ y&T q|\T&T* q qe\\+{q |j+#sT. #s. $ jTq \+>D b+ eseq s#sTT\ d] eT]>essT.

s+>#s e#q+ neT+ e+{~! y| V #~$dHeTs ~X #q* s+#>*> sdq jTq e#q+ +T+~.s#q n+{ rjTyTq ds|sT#T= eTq* |\]dT+~. +#s . H{nqTs>\T, n|{ d#yTq eqe d++T kV +eT ksTT

41#s d +*

s+>#s q Jeq d+eTd e#sT. C+ es bs+ bZq|{ nq+s \+@H& sj\ | d #|+# + eq nqVesT +=| \TksT.

- >TeTq>] u\lydeT]

42 #s d +*

eTq \| eTVeTw

ns y#d #s J$+ _q ysT |$Tks, d+|w|&sT.

\T>T kV yTq +{ qe\\T n+~+q s+>#s ,ne, yT Cn+~+#sT. _q+ @+ nH usrjT q>&sT +#sT.$ ||+#+ \|wT q E&T. s+>#sdHq d+|sT. sT\ & |& yT\|&b + nq+ #+

43#s d +*

|e |>H |]eT[dT+~ nH HqT& s+>#s J$+eTsTT+~. kj $X$D s+> bs+ kjTT+& y[bjsT. Tb |\&+D rdTH sT. 1948 d|+sY 16q bdt j H s O

44 #s d +*

48 yT|P\T (1971) e]dT+~. s+>#s sV+q bsDyT yT|P\T qe\ e+. qe\qT #~ y, s+>#sqT+> n_e]+#sT #+&sCXsse. k+ + s s+&T

45#s d +*

(1962) s+#sT. \eT+ y sejTD+ #T#dTq ny\T+& n#+> y byTq sejD \T>Ty] e#q+n+~+#sT.

s+>#s n+ qejTdTH sejTD n

46 #s d +*

s+>#s J$, nqTy

47#s d +*

J$ H]+~ eTdT |u$+ #dq +\T]>eTT+

48 #s d +*

H +=|~ ndT+~, D qqT |\TdTq~. $wjT+ #TTHqT. nqjT C u=kq nqT. @ |T\T&Tn #| y[bj. * m+ @&T+T+~ b|+! TZs &|\\T. y bwD u=|y&T.J$s#q m{+{#] mT uTHe nH&T y&T.nu ; # nH&T yT& ds HsjTDnH y&T |*Vs rdT=dTH&T, +{ e y q m|&=qy? M&e&T nH&T yT

49#s d +*

J$+ m e+T+

50 #s d +*

|, $T*qyM es

51#s d +*

MT qe\\ >T]+...

H ujTyT$T+f e# s\ y CeTT # >=|y&T n+{syq.m+ {&T nH

52 #s d +*

sejTD+

53#s d +*

y nqT+{qT. H d++~+q+es y *dq+> eTqd+>T]+ +e]

54 #s d +*

jT+ jTT>eTT e# jTeTT& s{H,

e+.

V =s bsT nd+;\

|\ =s bsT y&e&T \q

$XqT\ yD $qTs s+>

(M{ 1961

55#s d +*

J$ #~$, HsT= sj*

qesT&T>, VQ $wjT yU> MTsT sb+ Hes sT.bsyT H]+~. n+ mes Hs sT. bsyT J$+ nseTjT #d+~.HqT J$ q>+> #XqT. neT qe\ L& |u$+ #d+~. eT ]q |\ Ms bs{\ |ue+e+~. sbMT=THsT. n+

56 #s d +*

b e+&yT n+

57#s d +*

m+eT+~ HqT es+#H *jT #~$ksTT.uw $wjT+ | C>\T rdTHsT ?

\s

58 #s d +*

#| sTTTdT+~. n+ HqT bdT#s qT deT]+#

59#s d +*

djTsY s#sTT> MT nqTue+ qT+ kV ke |jq+ >T]+#bs ?

kV eqHH deC yT\T #d

60 #s d +*

|

61#s d +*

$+, qe\ y{| se+ e+T+~ n+{&jTq.eTq+ n& qT+ jT|&

62 #s d +*

yXyT qqT q&|++~

\+>D JeH n$T+> |$T+q e. HC+ |uTe bs{ nsT qe ||+# = d]V O+&yT q weT+ yT y]+~+q sj s+>|{+#TeyT yT*> e. mqu s ejTdTqTy] #q+ m>d|& > y] ]|q|]#jT+ qT+ = u>\T.

q|{+ MTs bs+ #XsT. MT HjTq>]{, MT #Teq de+ { MT neT>sT |&q yT e#sT. X MT m&+ e+eq b n~. +>dt b n&, n& #

63#s d +*

$TeT* b y| q&|++~ mesT?

n #| qT. mes rdsT n #| qT. eTdTb ]+#{ sD+ HC+ qyT. HC+qT m~]+#\q~ nd\Tudt. e nqjT C\T LsT sjT+f | n+f MT# w+ w ++\T V LsTH~. ks Vd n# V+ZjT, jT, sT

64 #s d +*

#TqT. bdt dwH+ jT , |]> dVT& +{#sTHqT. |+&TyH\ deTjT+. m @+ #j\ +{ #s. m|+#Ty\q~ bH #XsT. +& { |+|+ e+&~.

>sH MT # w+ s H J$ H]+~. bseT+f J$yT VqqT +~ eTdT b. n+

65#s d +*

|dt nH #TqT. jTq eTdT nsTT T& m+

66 #s d +*

d+ deyX+ ]+~. Hq, >C\ eTs&, }sT |eTTKT&T (|sT >TsT se+ T]+ #b* nH&T. n~ HqT sd+~ sXsT. n|&q>] nHqT, qTe bsTT{ ssTT,HqT bC skqT n. nq L& yTyTsE b{&T=| kw*dT. dMT

67#s d +*

|{ s MTsT #| e?

\, >e dw+> @ss#TqsTT, J$+ q+q,Vq e+T+~. e\+

68 #s d +*

nysT\ >T]+ @eTsTTH + e+

69#s d +*

u$w T \T>T >T]+ ujTyTeTq e+T #bT+

70 #s d +*

nysT\T

1. \s

71#s d +*

#s s#q\T

J$ dH+> eT\T#Tq $w s#sTT #s . 1928 +q ysT dTBsyTq Jeq |jD+ $_q|jT #dq s#q\T nH+.

y{ |

72 #s d +*

$+

1. H>V+2. sDu]

J$ #]\T

1. |yT#+