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Delhi Visit


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Contents

Articles

Delhi 1

New Delhi 23

Old Delhi 39

Jaipur 44

Pushkar 55

Agra 61

Taj Mahal 74

Agra Fort 91

Fatehpur Sikri 97

Udaipur 105

Qutb Minar 117

List of State Protected Monuments in Delhi 121

Flagstaff Tower 123

Jantar Mantar (Delhi) 125

List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi 127

List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra district 160

List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra circle 170

List of palaces in Rajasthan 182

References

Article Sources and Contributors 184

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 188

Article Licenses

License 197


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Delhi 1

Delhi

Delhi Federal district

National Capital Territory of Delhi

From top clockwise: Lotus temple, Humayun's Tomb, Connaught Place, Akshardham temple and India Gate.

Delhi

Location of Delhi in India.

Coordinates: 283636N 771348E

Country India

Federal district National Capital Territory

Settled 1638

Incorporated 1857

Capital Formation 1911

Government

Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit (INC)

Lt. Governor Tejendra Khanna

Area Federal district 1484.0 km2 (573.0 sq mi)
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Delhi 2

Land 159.0 km2 (61.4 sq mi)

Water 18.0 km2 (6.9 sq mi)

Elevation 0125 m (0409 ft)

Population (2011)[1]

Federal district 11,007,835

Rank 2nd

Density 3,886/km2 (10,065/sq mi)

Metro[2] 16,314,838

Metro rank 2nd

Metropolitan 21,753,486 (1st)

Demonym Delhiite

Time zone Indian Standard Time (UTC+5.30)

ZIP code(s) 110001-110098, 1100xx

Area code(s) +91 11

Ethnicity Hindi, Punjabi

Website delhi.gov.in[3]

Delhi (/dli/; pronouncedDillee in Hindi), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT) that includes

the Indian capital New Delhi, is the second most populous metropolis in India after Mumbai, with a population of16.3 million in 2011. The city is also the eighth most populous metropolis in the world.[2][4] The NCT and its urban

region have been given the special status of National Capital Region (NCR) under the Constitution of India's 69th

amendment act of 1991. The greater NCR urban, which includes the neighbouring cities Baghpat, Gurgaon, Sonepat,Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Noida, Greater Noida and other nearby towns, has nearly 22.2 million residents.[5]

Delhi is known to have been continuously inhabited since the 6th century BC.[6] Through most of its history, Delhi

has served as a capital of kingdoms and empires. It has been invaded, ransacked and rebuilt several times,

particularly during the Medieval era, and therefore the modern city of Delhi is a cluster of many cities scatteredacross the metropolitan region. Delhi is also believed to have been the site of Indraprastha, the legendary capital of

the Pandavas during the times of the Mahabharata.[7] Delhi re-emerged as a major political, cultural and commercial

city along the trade routes between northwest India and the Gangetic plain after the rise of the Delhi sultanates.[8][9]

It houses many ancient and medieval monuments, archaeological sites and remains.

In 1639 AD, the Mughal emperor Shahjahan built a new walled city in Delhi which served as the capital of theMughal Empire from 1649 until the Rebellion of 1857. [10][11] The British had captured Delhi by 1803 and George V

announced in 1911 that the capital of British-controlled parts of India would be Delhi. [12] A new capital city, New

Delhi, was built to the south of the old city during the 1920s. [13] When India gained independence from British rulein 1947, New Delhi was declared its capital and seat of government.

The nameDelhi is often also used to include urban areas near the NCT, and to refer to New Delhi, which lies withinthe metropolis. Although technically a federally administered union territory, the political administration of the NCT

of Delhi today more closely resembles that of a state of India with its own legislature, high court and an executive

council of ministers headed by a Chief Minister. New Delhi is jointly administered by the federal Government ofIndia and the local Government of Delhi, and is the capital of the NCT of Delhi.
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Delhi 3

Etymology and idiomsThe nameDelhi is thought to derive fromDhillu orDilu, a king of Mauryan dynasty who built the city in 50 BC and

named it after himself.[7][14][15] The Hindi/Prakrit word dhili (loose) was used by the Tomaras to refer to the city

because the Iron Pillar built by Raja Dhava had a weak foundation and was replaced.[15] The coins in circulation inthe region under the Tomaras were called dehliwal.[16] Some other historians believe that the name is derived from

Dilli, a corruption ofdehleez or dehaliboth terms meaning 'threshold' or 'gateway' and symbolic of the city as agateway to the Gangetic Plain.[17][18] Another theory suggests that the city's original name was Dhillika.[19] As perBhavishya Purana, Prithviraj Chauhan, the King of Indraprastha built a new fort in the modern-day Purana Qila area

for the convenience of all four castes in his kingdom. He ordered the construction of a gateway to the fort and later

named the fort dehali.[20]

The people of Delhi are referred to as Dilliwallahs orDelhiites.[21] The city is referenced in various idioms of the

Northern Indo-Aryan languages. Examples include:

Abhi Dilli door hai or its Persian version,Hanouz Dehli dour ast, literally meaningDelhi is still far away, which

is generically said about a task or journey still far from completion.[22][23]

Dilli dilwalon ka shehrorDilli Dilwalon ki meaningDelhi belongs to the large-hearted/daring.[24]

Aas-paas barse, Dilli pari tarse, literally meaning it pours all around, while Delhi lies parched. An allusion to thesometimes semi-arid climate of Delhi, it idiomatically refers to situations of deprivation when one is surrounded

by plenty.[23]

History

The ancient Yogmaya temple, claimed to be one of thefive temples of the Mahabharata era in Delhi.

A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Red fort is thelocation from which the Prime Minister of India

addresses the nation on Independence Day

The area around Delhi was probably inhabited before the second

millennium BC, and continuous inhabitation has been evidenced

since at least the 6th century BC.[6] The city is believed to be thesite of Indraprastha, the legendary capital of the Pandavas in the

Indian epic Mahabharata.[7] Settlements grew from the time of theMauryan Empire (c. 300 BC). Remains of seven major cities havebeen discovered in Delhi. Anang Pal of the Tomara dynasty

founded the city of Lal Kot in AD 736. The Chauhans conquered

Lal Kot in 1180 and renamed it Qila Rai Pithora. The Chauhanking Prithviraj III was defeated in 1192 by the invader Muhammad

Ghori.[7]

In 1206, Qutb-ud-din Aybak, the first ruler of the Turkic Slave

Dynasty established the Delhi Sultanate and started the

construction the Qutub Minar and Quwwat-al-Islam (might ofIslam), the earliest extant mosque in India.[7][25] After the fall of

the Slave dynasty, a succession of Turkic dynasties, the Khilji

dynasty, the Tughluq dynasty, the Sayyid dynasty and the Lodhidynasty held power in the late medieval period and built a

sequence of forts and townships that are part of the seven cities of

Delhi.[26]
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Delhi 4

The iron pillar of Delhi, is said to have been fashionedat the time of Chandragupta Vikramaditya (375413)

of the Gupta Empire.[27][28]

In 1398, Timur Lenk invaded India on the pretext that the Turkic

Muslim sultans of Delhi were too lenient towards their Hindu

subjects. Timur entered Delhi and the city was sacked and left inruins.[29] Near Delhi, Timur massacred 100,000 captives.[30] Delhi

was a major centre of Sufism during the Sultanate period.[31]

In 1526, Zahiruddin Babur, a descendant of Timur and GenghisKhan from the Fergana Valley in modern-day Uzbekistan, invaded

India, defeated the last Lodhi sultan in the First Battle of Panipatand founded the Mughal Empire that ruled from Delhi and Agra.[7]

The Mughal dynasty ruled Delhi for more than three centuries,

with a sixteen-year hiatus during the reign of Sher Shah Suri, from1540 to 1556.[32] During 15531556, the Hindu king, Hemu

Vikramaditya acceded to the throne of Delhi by defeating forces of

Mughal Emperor Humayun at Agra and Delhi. However, theMughals reestablished their rule after Akbar's army defeated

Hemu during the Second Battle of Panipat.[33][34][35] Shah Jahanbuilt the seventh city of Delhi that bears his name Shahjahanabad,which served as the capital of the Mughal Empire from 1638 and

is today known as the Old City or Old Delhi.[36]

At 72.5 m (238 ft), A UNESCO World Heritage Site,the Qutub Minar is the world's tallest free-standing

brick minaret.[37]

After 1680, the Mughal Empire's influence declined rapidly as the

Hindu Maratha Empire rose to prominence.[38] In 1737, Maratha

forces sacked Delhi following their victory against the Mughals inthe First Battle of Delhi. In 1739, the Mughal Empire lost the

Battle of Karnal, following which the victorious forces of NaderShah, the Turkic ruler of the Afsharid dynasty, invaded and looted

Delhi, carrying away many treasures including the Peacock

Throne.[39] A treaty signed in 1752 made Marathas the protectorsof the Mughal throne at Delhi.[40] In January 1757, Abdali invaded

Delhi. He returned to Afghanistan in April 1757 giving the control

of Delhi to Najib-ud-Daula. However, Marathas occupied Delhiafter defeating Najib in the Battle of Delhi. In 1761, the Marathas

lost Delhi as a consequence of the third battle of Panipat, as the city was again raided by Abdali. In early 1771,

Mahadji Shinde recaptured Delhi and the Mughal king Shah Alam II was restored to the throne in 1772.
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Delhi 5

A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Built in 1560,Humayun's Tomb is the first example of Mughal tomb

complexes.[41]

In 1803, during the Second Anglo-Maratha War, the forces of

British East India Company defeated the Maratha forces in the

Battle of Delhi.[42] After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Delhi cameunder direct rule of the British Government and was made a

district province of the Punjab.[7] In 1911, the capital of British

India was transferred from Calcutta to Delhi.[12]

New Delhi, alsoknown asLutyens' Delhi,[43] was officially declared as the capital

of the Union of India after the country gained independence on 15

August 1947.[44] During the partition of India, thousands of Hinduand Sikh refugees, mainly from West Punjab fled to Delhi, while

many Muslim residents of the city migrated to Pakistan. Migrationto Delhi from the rest of India continues (as of 2012), contributing

more to the rise of Delhi's population than the birth rate, which is declining.[45]

The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991 declared the Union Territory of Delhi to be formally known as

the National Capital Territory of Delhi.[46] The Act gave Delhi its own legislative assembly along Civil lines, though

with limited powers.[46] In December 2001, the Parliament of India building in New Delhi was attacked by armedmilitants, killing six security personnel.[47] India suspected Pakistan-based militant groups, which caused a major

diplomatic crisis between the two countries.[48] Delhi again experienced terrorist attacks in October 2005 and

September 2008, resulting in the deaths of 62 and 30[49] civilians respectively.

Geography

River Yamuna near Delhi

Delhi is located at 2837N 7714E, and lies in Northern India. It

borders the Indian states of Haryana on the north, west and south andUttar Pradesh (UP) to the east. During the British Raj, Delhi was part

of the province of Punjab and is still historically and culturally

connected to the Punjab region.[50] Two prominent features of thegeography of Delhi are the Yamuna flood plains and the Delhi ridge.

The Yamuna river was the historical boundary between Punjab andUP, and its flood plains provide fertile alluvial soil suitable for

agriculture but are prone to recurrent floods. The Yamuna, a sacred

river in Hinduism, is the only major river flowing through Delhi. TheHindon River separates Ghaziabad from the eastern part of Delhi. The Delhi ridge originates from the Aravalli

Range in the south and encircles the west, north-east and north-west parts of the city. It reaches a height of 318 m

(1,043 ft) and is a dominant feature of the region.[51]

The National Capital Territory of Delhi covers an area of 1,484 km2 (573 sq mi), of which 783 km2 (302 sq mi) is

designated rural, and 700 km2 (270 sq mi) urban. Delhi has a length of 51.9 km (32 mi) and a width of 48.48 km(30 mi). Delhi has the third highest quantity of trees among Indian cities.[52] Delhi was one of the ten most polluted

cities in the world during the 1990s, with 70% of the polluting emissions produced by vehicles. [53] In 1996 the

Centre for Science and Environment started a public interest litigation in the Supreme Court of India that ordered theconversion of Delhi's fleet of buses and taxis to run on Compressed Natural Gas and banned the use of leaded petrol

in 1998. In 2003, Delhi won the United States Department of Energys first Clean Cities International Partner of the

Year award for its "bold efforts to curb air pollution and support alternative fuel initiatives".[53]

Delhi is included in India's seismic zone-IV, making it vulnerable to major earthquakes, but earthquakes have not

been common in recent history.[54]
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Delhi 6

Climate

Lightning strikes near India Gate, New Delhi. Delhireceives much of its rainfall during the monsoon

season which lasts from July to September

Delhi features an atypical version of the humid subtropical climate

(Kppen Cwa). Summers are long and the weather is extremelyhot from early April to mid-October, with the monsoon season in

between.[55] In early March, the wind direction changes from

north-westerly to south-westerly. From March to May the weatheris hot.[55] The monsoon arrives at the end of June, along with an

increase in humidity.[55] The brief, mild winter starts in lateNovember, peaks in January and heavy fog often occurs.[56]

Temperatures in Delhi range from -0.6 to 46.7 C (30.9 to116.1 F).[57] The annual mean temperature is 25 C (77 F);

monthly mean temperatures range from 13 to 32 C (55 to 90 F).The highest temperature recorded in July was 45 C (113 F) in

1931.[58][59] The average annual rainfall is approximately 714 mm

(28.1 in), most of which falls during the monsoon in July and August.

[7]

The average date of the advent of monsoonwinds in Delhi is 29 June.[60]

Climate data for Delhi

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Average highC (F)

21.1(70)

24.2(75.6)

30.0(86)

36.2(97.2)

39.6(103.3)

39.3(102.7)

35.1(95.2)

33.3(91.9)

33.9(93)

32.9(91.2)

28.3(82.9)

23.0(73.4)

31.4(88.5)

Average lowC (F)

7.3(45.1)

10.1(50.2)

15.4(59.7)

21.5(70.7)

25.9(78.6)

28.3(82.9)

26.6(79.9)

25.9(78.6)

24.4(75.9)

19.5(67.1)

12.8(55)

8.2(46.8)

18.8(65.8)

Rainfall mm

(inches)

20.3

(0.799)

15.0

(0.591)

15.8

(0.622)

6.7

(0.264)

17.5

(0.689)

54.9

(2.161)

231.5

(9.114)

258.7

(10.185)

127.8

(5.031)

36.3

(1.429)

5.0

(0.197)

7.8

(0.307)

797.3

(31.39)Avg. rainy

days1.7 1.3 1.2 0.9 1.4 3.6 10.0 11.3 5.4 1.6 0.1 0.6 39.1

Meanmonthlysunshine

hours

213.9 217.5 238.7 261.0 263.5 198.0 167.4 176.7 219.0 269.7 246.0 217.0 2,688.4

Source #1: WMO[61]

Source #2: HKO (sun only, 19711990)[62]
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humid_subtropical_climatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AIndiagatelightening.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=India_Gate


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Delhi 7

Civic administration

Map showing the nine districts of Delhi

As of July 2007, the National Capital Territory of Delhi comprises nine

districts, 27 tehsils, 59 census towns, 300 villages,[63] and threestatutory towns, the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD)1,397.3

km2 or 540 sq mi, the New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC)42.7

km2 or 16 sq mi and the Delhi Cantonment Board (DCB)43 km2 or17 sq mi).[64][65] On 16 July 2012, the Delhi Government decided to

increase the number of districts from nine to 11.[66]

The Delhi metropolitan area lies within the National Capital Territory

of Delhi (NCT), which has five local municipal corporations; NorthDelhi Municipal Corporation, South Delhi Municipal Corporation, East

Delhi Municipal Corporation, NDMC and DCB. The former MCD was

divided into three smaller Municipal Corporations North Delhi,South Delhi and East Delhi.[67] According to the 2011 census, MCD is

among the largest municipal bodies in the world, providing civic services to about 11 million people.[68]

Delhi houses the Supreme Court of India, and the regional Delhi High Court, along with the Small Causes Court for

civil cases; the Magistrate Court and the Sessions Court for criminal cases, has jurisdiction over Delhi. The city is

administratively divided into nine police-zones, which are subdivided into 95 local police stations.[69]

Government and politics

Supreme court is the apex court in the country.

The National Capital Territory of Delhi has its own Legislative

Assembly, Lieutenant Governor, council of ministers and ChiefMinister. Members of the legislative assembly are directly elected

from territorial constituencies in the NCT. The legislativeassembly was abolished in1956, after which direct federal control

was implemented until it was re-established in 1993. The

Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) handles civicadministration for the city as part of the Panchayati Raj Act. The

Government of India and the Government of National Capital

Territory of Delhi jointly administer New Delhi, where bothbodies are located. The Parliament of India, the Rashtrapati

Bhavan (Presidential Palace), Cabinet Secretariat and the Supreme

Court of India are located in New Delhi. There are 70 assembly constituencies and seven Lok Sabha (Indian

parliament's lower house) constituencies in Delhi.[70][71]

The Indian National Congress formed all the governments in Delhi until the 1990s, when the Bharatiya Janata Party

(BJP), led by Madan Lal Khurana, came to power.[72] In 1998, the Congress regained power under the incumbent

Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit, retained power in the Legislative Assembly in the 2003 and 2008 elections andformed the current government under Sheila Dikshit.[72][73] The city's transport services are run by the Delhi

government and the police are directly controlled by the Central Government.[74]
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sheila_Dikshithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madan_Lal_Khuranahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bharatiya_Janata_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_National_Congresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lok_Sabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_Secretariathttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rashtrapati_Bhavanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rashtrapati_Bhavanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chief_Minister_of_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chief_Minister_of_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legislative_Assembly_of_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legislative_Assembly_of_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ASupreme_court_of_india.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Supreme_courthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Delhi_Policehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sessions_Courthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Small_Causes_Courthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Delhi_High_Courthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Delhi_Cantonment_Boardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Delhi_Municipal_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Municipal_Corporation_of_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tehsilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ADelhi_districts.svg


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Delhi 8

Economy

Connaught Place in Delhi is an important economic hub of the National Capital Region

Delhi is the largest commercial centre

in northern India; it has an estimatednet State Domestic Product (FY 2010)

of 157,817 crore (US$29.83 billion)

in nominal terms and ~ 630,000 crore(US$119.07 billion) in PPP terms.[75]

As of 2010, the per capita income of

Delhi was 135,820 (US$2,567), thethird highest in India after Chandigarh

and Goa. Delhi's Gross domestic

product GDP (at 2004-05 prices), on average, grew by 10.7% between 2007 and 2012, making it one of the fastestgrowing cities in the region.

As per the Economic survey of Delhi (20052006), the tertiary sector contributes 70.95% of Delhi's gross SDP

followed by secondary and primary sectors, with 25.20% and 3.85% contributions respectively.[76]

Delhi's workforceconstitutes 32.82% of the population, and increased by 52.52% between 1991 and 2001.[77] Delhi's unemployment

rate decreased from 12.57% in 19992000 to 4.63% in 2003.[77] In December 2004, 636,000 people were registeredwith various employment exchange programs in Delhi.[77]

In 2001 the total workforce in national and state governments and the quasi-government sector was 620,000, and theprivate sector employed 219,000.[77] Key service industries are information technology, telecommunications, hotels,

banking, media and tourism.[78] Construction, power, health and community services, and real estate are also

important to the city's economy. Delhi has one of India's largest and fastest growing retail industries. [79]

Manufacturing also grew considerably as consumer goods companies established manufacturing units and

headquarters in the city. Delhi's large consumer market and the availability of skilled labour has attracted foreign

investment. In 2001, the manufacturing sector employed 1,440,000 workers and the city had 129,000 industrialunits.[80]

Utility services

The headquarters of the New DelhiMunicipal Corporation (NDMC).

Dehli's municipal water supply is managed by the Delhi Jal Board (DJB). As of200506, it supplied 650 million gallons per day (MGD), whereas the estimated

consumption requirement is 963 MGD.[81] The shortfall is met by private and

public tube wells and hand pumps. At 240 MGD, the Bhakra storage is DJB'slargest water source, followed by the Yamuna and Ganges rivers. Delhi's

groundwater level is falling and its population density is increasing, so residentsoften encounter acute water shortage.[81]

In Delhi, daily domestic solid waste production is 8000 tonnes which is dumped at

three landfill locations by MCD.[82] The daily domestic waste water production is470 MGD and industrial waste water is 70 MGD.[83] A large portion of the

sewage flows untreated into the Yamuna river.[83]

The city's electricity consumption is about 1,265 kWh per capita, but actualdemand is higher.[84] In 1997, Delhi Vidyut Board (DVB) replaced Delhi Electric

Supply Undertaking which was managed by the MCD. The Delhi Fire Service

runs 43 fire stations that attend about 15,000 fire and rescue calls per year.

[85]

The
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Delhi 9

state-owned Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) and private enterprises Vodafone Essar, Airtel, Ideacellular, Reliance Infocomm, Aircel and Tata Indicom provide telephone and cell phone service to the city. Cellular

coverage is available in GSM and CDMA.

Transport

The Indira Gandhi International Airport is the busiest airport in South Asia .[86]

Shown here is Terminal 1D of the airport.

The DTC operates the world's largest f leet of CNG buses, totaling 9000[53][87]

The Delhi Metro

Air

Indira Gandhi International Airport, situated in the west of Delhi, is the main gateway for the city's domestic and

international civilian air traffic. In 200607, the airport was used by more than 23 million passengers,[88][89] making

it one of the busiest airports in South Asia. Terminal 3, which cost 96.8 billion (US$1.83 billion) to constructbetween 2007 and 2010, was expected to handle an additional 37 million passengers annually.[90]

TheDelhi Flying Club, established in 1928 with two de Havilland Moth aircraft named Delhi andRoshanara, was

based at Safdarjung Airportwhich started operations in 1929, when it was the Delhis only airport and the second inIndia.[91] The airport functioned until 2001, however in January 2002 the government closed the airport for flyingactivities because of security concerns following the New York attacks in September 2001. Since then, the club only

carries out aircraft maintenance courses,[91] and is used for helicopter rides to Indira Gandhi International Airport for

VVIP including the president and the prime minister.[92]
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Delhi 10

Rail

Delhi is a major junction in the Indian railway network and is the headquarters of the Northern Railway. The five

main railway stations are New Delhi railway station, Old Delhi, Nizamuddin Railway Station, Anand Vihar RailwayTerminal and Sarai Rohilla.[93] The Delhi Metro, a mass rapid transit system built and operated by Delhi Metro Rail

Corporation (DMRC), serves many parts of Delhi and the neighbouring cities Gurgaon, Noida and Ghaziabad. As of

August 2011, the metro consists of six operational lines with a total length of 189 km (117 mi) and 146 stations, andseveral other lines are under construction.[94] The Phase-I was built at a cost of US$2.3 billion and the Phase-II was

expected to cost an additional 216 billion (US$4.08 billion).[95] Phase-II has a total length of 128 km and was

expected to be completed by 2010.[96] In addition to the Delhi Metro, a suburban railway, the Delhi SuburbanRailway exists.[97]

Roads

As of 2007, private vehicles account for 30% of the total demand for transport.[93] Delhi has 1922.32 km of roadlength per 100 km2, one of the highest road densities in India.[93] It is connected to other parts of India by five

National Highways: NH 1, 2, 8, 10 and 24. The city's road network is maintained by MCD, NDMC, Delhi

Cantonment Board, Public Works Department (PWD) and Delhi Development Authority.[98] The Delhi-GurgaonExpressway connects Delhi with Gurgaon and the international airport. The DND Flyway and Noida-Greater Noida

Expressway connect Delhi with the suburbs of Noida and Greater Noida.[99][100] Delhi's rapid rate of economicdevelopment and population growth has resulted in an increasing demand for transport, creating excessive pressure

on the city's transport infrastructure. As of 2008, the number of vehicles in the metropolitan region, Delhi NCR, is

112 lakhs (11.2 million).[101] In 2008, there were 85 cars in Delhi for every 1,000 of its residents.[102]

In order to meet the transport demand, the State and Union government constructed a mass rapid transit system,

including the Delhi Metro.[93] In 1998, the Supreme Court of India ordered that all public transport vehicles in Delhimust be fuelled by compressed natural gas (CNG).[103] Buses are the most popular means of public transport,

catering for about 60% of the total demand.[93] The state-owned Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) is a major bus

service provider which operates the world's largest fleet of CNG-fuelled buses.[104] Delhi Bus Rapid Transit Systemruns between Ambedkar Nagar and Delhi Gate.

Demographics

Population Growth of Delhi

Census Pop. %

1901 405,819

1911 413,851 2.0%

1921 488,452 18.0%

1931 636,246 30.3%

1941 917,939 44.3%

1951 1,744,072 90.0%

1961 2,658,612 52.4%

1971 4,065,698 52.9%

1981 6,220,406 53.0%

1991 9,420,644 51.4%

2001 13,782,976 46.3%

2011 16,753,235 21.6%
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Delhi 11

source:[1]

Huge population rise in 1951 due to largescale migration after Partition of India in1947.

The Akshardham temple, third largest Hindu templecomplex in the world. Hinduism is the predominant faith inDelhi.

According to the 2011 census of India, the population of Delhi

is 16,753,235.[1] The corresponding population density was11,297 persons per km2, with a sex ratio of 866 women per1000 men, and a literacy rate of 86.34%. In 2004, the birth

rate, death rate and infant mortality rate per 1000 population

were 20.03, 5.59 and 13.08, respectively.[105] In 2001, thepopulation of Delhi increased by 285,000 as a result of

migration and by 215,000 as a result of natural population

growth[105]this made Delhi one of the fastest growing citiesin the world. By 2015, Delhi is expected to be the third-largest

conurbation in the world after Tokyo and Mumbai.[106]

Dwarka Sub City, Asia's largest planned residential area, islocated within the National Capital Territory of Delhi.[107]

Religion in Delhi[108]

Religion Percent

Hinduism 82%

Islam 11.7%

Sikhism 4%

Jainism 1.1%

Others 1.2%

Hinduism is Delhi's most popular religion, with approximately 82% of Delhi's population. The city has largecommunities of Muslims (11.7%), Sikhs (4%), Baha'i (0.1%), Jains (1.1%) and Christians (0.94%) in the

city.[109][110] Other minority religions include Buddhism, Zoroastrianism and Judaism.[111] The principle language in

Delhi is Hindustani,[112] and Hindi (Devanagari Script) is the principal written language of the city.[113] There is asizable Punjabi population and the Punjabi language has second language status in Delhi.[114]

According a 19992000 estimate, the total number of people living below the poverty line, defined as living on

US$11 or less per month, in Delhi was 1,149,000, or 8.23% of the total population, compared to 27.5% of India as awhole.[115] 52% of Delhi residents live in slums[116] without basic services like water, electricity, sanitation, sewage

system or proper housing.[117][118] In 2005, Delhi accounted for the highest percentage (16.2%) of the crimesreported in 35 Indian cities with populations of one million or more.[119] The city has the highest rate of kidnapping

and abduction cases with 9.3%; the national rate is 2.2%.[120] Delhi accounts for 15.4% of crime against women in

Indian cities.[120]
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Delhi 12

Culture

Traditional pottery on display inDilli Haat

Delhi's culture has been influenced by its lengthy history and historic

association as the capital of India. This is exemplified by manysignificant monuments in the city. The Archaeological Survey of India

recognises 1200 heritage buildings[121] and 175 monuments as national

heritage sites.[122] In the Old City, the Mughals and the Turkic rulersconstructed several architecturally-significant buildings, such as the

Jama Masjid India's largest mosque[123] and the Red Fort. Three

World Heritage Sites the Red Fort, Qutab Minar and Humayun'sTombare located in Delhi.[124] Other monuments include the India

Gate, the Jantar Mantaran 18th-century astronomical observatory

and the Purana Qila a 16th century fortress. The Laxminarayan temple, Akshardham temple, the Bah' Lotustemple and the ISKCON temple are examples of modern architecture. Raj Ghat and associated memorials houses

memorials of Mahatma Gandhi and other notable personalities. New Delhi houses several government buildings andofficial residences reminiscent of British colonial architecture, including the Rashtrapati Bhavan, the Secretariat,

Rajpath, the Parliament of India and Vijay Chowk. Safdarjung's Tomb is an example of the Mughal gardens style.Some regal havelis (palatial residences) are in the Old City.[125]

Chandni Chowk, a three-century-old shopping area, is one of the most popular shopping areas in Delhi for jewelleryand Zari saris.[126] Delhi's arts and crafts include, Zardozi[127]an embroidery done with gold thread [128] and

Meenakari[129]the art of enamelling.[130]

Festivals

The Auto Expo is held annually at PragatiMaidan and showcases the technological prowess

of the Indian automobile industry

Delhi's association and geographic proximity to the capital, New Delhi,has amplified the importance of national events and holidays like

Republic Day, Independence Day (15 August) and Gandhi Jayanti. On

Independence Day, the Prime Minister addresses the nation from theRed Fort. Most Delhiites celebrate the day by flying kites, which are

considered a symbol of freedom.[131] The Republic Day Parade is a

large cultural and military parade showcasing India's cultural diversityand military strength.[132][133] Over the centuries, Delhi has become

known for its composite culture, and a festival that symbolises this is

thePhool Walon Ki Sair, which takes place in September. Flowers andpankhefans embroidered with flowersare offered to the shrine of

13th century Sufi saint Khwaja Bakhtiyar Kaki and the Yogmayatemple, both situated in Mehrauli.[134]
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mehraulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yogmaya_Templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yogmaya_Templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khwaja_Bakhtiyar_Kakihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phool_Walon_Ki_Sairhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Delhi_Republic_Day_paradehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gandhi_Jayantihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Independence_Day_%28India%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Republic_Day_%28India%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ADelhi_Auto_Show.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_automobile_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auto_Expohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meenakarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zardozihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chandni_Chowkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mughal_gardenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Safdarjung%27s_Tombhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijay_Chowkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajpathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Secretariat_Building%2C_New_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahatma_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raj_Ghat_and_associated_memorialshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ISKCON_Temple_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_Faithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akshardham_%28Delhi%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laxminarayan_Templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Purana_Qilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yantra_Mandir_%28Delhi%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=India_Gatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=India_Gatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humayun%27s_Tombhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humayun%27s_Tombhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qutab_Minarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Heritage_Sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_Forthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jama_Masjid%2C_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Archaeological_Survey_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ATraditional_pottery_in_Dilli_Haat.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dilli_Haat


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The Pragati Maidan in Delhi hosts the WorldBook Fairannually.

Religious festivals include Diwali (the festival of lights), MahavirJayanti, Guru Nanak's Birthday, Durga Puja, Holi, Lohri, Chauth,Krishna Janmastami, Maha Shivratri, Eid ul-Fitr, Moharram andBuddha Jayanti.[133] The Qutub Festival is a cultural event during

which performances of musicians and dancers from all over India are

showcased at night, with the Qutub Minar as a backdrop.[135]

Otherevents such as Kite Flying Festival, International Mango Festival andVasant Panchami (the Spring Festival) are held every year in Delhi.

The Auto Expo, Asia's largest auto show,[136] is held in Delhibiennially. The World Book Fair, held biannually at the Pragati

Maidan, is the second largest exhibition of books in the world.[137]

Delhi is often regarded as the "Book Capital" of India because of high

readership.[138]

Cuisine

Rice andKadai chicken from Delhi

As India's national capital and centuries old Mughal capital, Delhi

influenced the food habits of its residents and is where Mughlai cuisineoriginated. Along with Indian cuisine, a variety of international

cuisines are popular among the residents.[139] The dearth of food habits

among the city's residents created a unique style of cooking whichbecame popular throughout the world, with dishes such as Kebab,biryani, tandoori. The city's classic dishes include Butter chicken,Aloo

Chaat, chaat, dahi vada, kachori,jalebi and lassi.[139][140]:40-50, 189-196

The fast living habits of Delhi's people has motivated the growth of

street food outlets.[140]:41 A trend of dining at local dhabas is popularamong the residents. High profile restaurants have gained popularity in recent years, among the popular restaurants

are the Karim Hotel, the Punjab Grill and Bukhara. [141] The Gali Paranthe Wali (the street of fried bread) is a streetin Chandni Chowk particularly for food eateries since the 1870's, almost the entire street is occupied by fast food

stalls or street vendors who regularly. It has become almost a tradition that almost every prime minister of India has

visited the street to eatparatha at least once, and other Indian cuisines are available here.[140]:40-50[142]

Education

All India Institute of Medical Sciences is a globalleader in medical research and treatment.

[143]

Private schools in Delhi which use either English or Hindi as the

language of instruction are affiliated to one of three administeringbodies, the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations

(CISCE), the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE) [144] orthe National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS). In 200405,

approximately 15.29 lakh (1.529 million) students were enrolled in

primary schools, 8.22 lakh (0.822 million) in middle schools and6.69 lakh (0.669 million) in secondary schools across Delhi.[145]

Female students represented 49% of the total enrollment. The sameyear, the Delhi government spent between 1.58% and 1.95% of its

gross state domestic product on education.[145]
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Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi is ranked asAsia's fourth-best institute in science and

technology in the year 1999.[146]

Schools and higher educational institutions in Delhi are administered

either by the Directorate of Education, the NCT government or private

organisations. In 2006, Delhi had 165 colleges, five medical collegesand eight engineering colleges,[145] seven major universities and nine

deemed universities.[145] Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University

and National Law University are the only state universities, IndiraGandhi National Open University is for distance education and the rest

are central universities.[147] As of 2008, about 16% of all Delhi

residents possessed at least a college graduate degree.[148]

Media

Pitampura TV Tower broadcasts programmingto Delhi

As the capital of India, Delhi is the focus of political reportage, includingregular television broadcasts of Parliament sessions. Many national

media agencies, including the state-owned Press Trust of India, MediaTrust Of India and Doordarshan, are based in the city. Television

programming includes two free terrestrial television channels offered by

Doordarshan, and several Hindi, English and regional-language cablechannels offered by multi system operators. Satellite television has yet to

gain a large quantity of subscribers in the city.[149]

Print journalism remains a popular news medium in Delhi. The city's

newspapers includeNavbharat Times,Hindustan Dainik,Punjab Kesari,Pavitra Bharat, Dainik Jagran, Dainik Bhaskar and DainikDesbandhu.[150] Amongst the English language newspapers, The

Hindustan Times, with a daily circulation of over a million copies, is thesingle largest daily.[151] Other major English newspapers include Timesof India, The Hindu,Indian Express,Business Standard, The Pioneerand

Asian Age. Regional dailies include Malayala Manorama and DelhiUptodate (weekly) andDinakaran.[150]

Radio is a less popular mass medium in Delhi, although FM radio has gained popularity [152] since the inauguration

of several new stations in 2006.[153] A number of state-owned and private radio stations broadcast from

Delhi.[154][155]
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frequency_modulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dinakaranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malayala_Manoramahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asian_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Pioneer_%28daily%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Business_Standardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Expresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Hinduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Times_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Times_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dainik_Bhaskarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dainik_Jagranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Punjab_Kesarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Dainikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Navbharat_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Direct_broadcast_satellitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multi_system_operatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cable_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doordarshanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Press_Trust_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3APitampura_TV_Tower%2C_Delhi%2C_India.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pitampura_TV_Towerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_University_%28India%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distance_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indira_Gandhi_National_Open_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indira_Gandhi_National_Open_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=State_universitieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deemed_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Delhi_Directorate_of_Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Higher_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=School%23Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AIITDelhiMath.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Institute_of_Technology%2C_Delhi


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Delhi 15

SportsDelhi has hosted many major international sporting events, including the first and the ninth Asian Games,[156] the

2010 Hockey World Cup and the 2011 Cricket World Cup at Feroz Shah Kotla. Delhi lost bidding for the 2014

Asian Games,[157] and considered making a bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics.[158] However, sports ministerManohar Singh Gill later stated that funding infrastructure would come before a 2020 bid.[159]

The 2010 Commonwealth Games, which ran from 3 to 14 October 2010, was one of the largest sports event held inIndia.[160][161] The opening ceremony of the 2010 Commonwealth Games was held at the Jawaharlal Nehru

Stadium, the main stadium of the event, in New Delhi at 7:00 pm Indian Standard Time on 3 October 2010.[162] The

ceremony featured over 8,000 performers and lasted for two and a half hours.[163] It is estimated that 350 crore(US$66.15 million) were spent to produce the ceremony.[164] Events took place at 12 competition venues. 20 training

venues were used in the Games, including seven venues within Delhi University.[165] The rugby stadium in Delhi

University North Campus hosted rugby games for Commonwealth Games.[165][166] The mess left behind after theCommonwealth Games prompted Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to replace Sports and Youth Affairs minister

Manohar Singh Gill with Ajay Maken in the 19 January 2011 Cabinet reshuffle.[167]

Cricket and football are the most popular sports in Delhi. [168] There are several cricket grounds, or maidans, located

across the city. The Feroz Shah Kotla stadium is one of the oldest cricket grounds in India and is a venue forinternational cricket matches. The Delhi cricket team represents the city in the Ranji Trophy, a domestic first-class

cricket championship.[169] The city is also home to the Indian Premier League team Delhi Daredevils, and Indian

Cricket League team Delhi Giants, previously called Delhi Jets.

Ambedkar Stadium, a football stadium in Delhi which holds 20,000 people, was the venue for the Indian football

team's World Cup qualifier against UAE on 28 July 2012.[170] Delhi hosted the Nehru Cup in 2007[171] and 2009, inboth of which India defeated Syria 1-0.[172] In the Elite Football League of India, Delhi's first professional American

football franchise, the Delhi Defenders played its first season in Pune. [173] Buddh International Circuit in Greater

Noida, a suburb of Delhi, hosts the annual Formula 1 Indian Grand Prix.[174] The Indira Gandhi Arena is also in

Delhi.

Sister cities and twin regionsDelhi has the following sister cities[175]

City Geographical location Nation Since

Seoul Seoul National Capital Area South Korea

Chicago Illinois United States 2001[176]

London England United Kingdom 2002[177]

Los Angeles California United States

Sydney New South Wales Australia

Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Moscow Moscow Russia 2002[178]

Tokyo Kant region (Honsh island) Japan

Ulan Bator Mid-East Mongolia Mongolia 2002[178]

Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg Russia 2002[178]

Paris (Partner City) le-de-France France 2006[179]

Yerevan (Partner City) Yerevan Armenia 2008
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ipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_footballhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elite_Football_League_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2009_Nehru_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2007_Nehru_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ambedkar_Stadiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Delhi_Jetshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Delhi_Giantshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Cricket_Leaguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Cricket_Leaguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Delhi_Daredevilshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Premier_Leaguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=First-class_crickethttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=First-class_crickethttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ranji_Trophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Delhi_cricket_teamhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/meidanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Association_footballhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crickethttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Delhi_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Indian_Rupee_symbol.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Standard_Timehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jawaharlal_Nehru_Stadium%2C_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jawaharlal_Nehru_Stadium%2C_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2010_Commonwealth_Gameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manohar_Singh_Gillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Summer_Olympicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2014_Asian_Gameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2014_Asian_Gameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Feroz_Shah_Kotlahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2011_Cricket_World_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2010_Men%27s_Field_hockey_World_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1982_Asian_Gameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1951_Asian_Games


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Fukuoka Prefecture (Twin region) Kyushu Japan 2007

References[1] "Census of India: Provisional Population Totals for Census 2011 : NCT of Delhi" (http://www.censusindia.gov. in/2011-prov-results/

prov_data_products_delhi.html). Censusindia.gov.in. . Retrieved 2 May 2011.[2] "Urban agglomerations/cities having population 1 million and above" (http://censusindia.gov. in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/

india2/Million_Plus_UAs_Cities_2011.pdf) (PDF).Provisional population totals, census of India 2011. Registrar General & CensusCommissioner, India. 2011. . Retrieved 26 January 2012.

[3] http://delhi.gov. in[4] Habib, Irfan (1999). The agrarian system of Mughal India, 15561707(http://books. google.co.in/books?id=0ymFAAAAIAAJ). Oxford

University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-562329-1. . "... The current Survey of India spellings are followed for place names except where they varyrather noticeably from the spellings in our sources: thus I read "Dehli" not "Delhi ..."

Royal Asiatic Society (1834).Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland(http://books. google.com/books?id=mtosAAAAIAAJ). Cambridge University Press. . "... also Dehli or Dilli, not Delhi..."

Karamchandani, L.T (1968).India, the beautiful (http://books. google.com/books?id=_sHWfveQGksC). Sita Publication. ."... According to available evidence the present Delhi, spelt in Hindustani as Dehli or Dilli, derived its name from King ..."

The National geographical journal of India, Volume 40 (http://books. google.com/books?id=aqqAAAAAMAAJ). National

Geographical Society of India. 1994. . "... The name which remained the most popular is Dilli with variation in its pronunciation as Dilli,Dehli, or Delhi ..."

[5] "World Urbanization Prospects: The 2009 Revision Population Database" (http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/index.htm). United Nations. 2012.. Retrieved 2 April 2012.

[6] Asher, Catherine B (2000) [2000]. "Chapter 9:Delhi walled: Changing Boundaries" (http://books. google.com/?id=gSupaU3vVacC&pg=PA249). In James D. Tracy. City Walls. Cambridge University Press. pp. 247281. ISBN 0-521-65221-9. . Retrieved 1 November 2008.

[7] "Chapter 1: Introduction" (http://delhiplanning.nic.in/Economic Survey/ES 2005-06/Chpt/1.pdf) (PDF).Economic Survey of Delhi,20052006. Planning Department, Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. pp. 17. . Retrieved 21 December 2011.

[8] Necipoglu, Gulru (2002) [2002]. "Epigraphs, Scripture, and Architecture in the Early Sultanate of Delhi" (http://books. google.com/?id=UJc2u33fCKQC&pg=PA16).Muqarnas: An Annual on the Visual Culture of the Islamic World. BRILL. pp. 1243.ISBN 90-04-12593-0. . Retrieved 1 November 2008.

[9] Aitken, Bill (2001) [2002]. Speaking Stones: World Cultural Heritage Sites in India (http://books. google.com/?id=lu5jGGQ8fJkC&

pg=PA21). Eicher Goodearth Limited. ISBN 81-87780-00-2. . Retrieved 1 November 2008.[10] The Encyclopedia Americana: A Library of Universal Knowledge (http://books. google.com/?id=oa1PAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA621). 8.

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?id=ONFPAAAAMAAJ&q=shahjanabad+built&dq=shahjanabad+built). Bookwell Publications. p. 97. ISBN 81-85040-18-4. . Retrieved 1November 2008.

[12] "Shifting pain" (http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-11/kolkata/30504131_1_bengalis-capital-british-empire).Times ofIndia. 11 December 2011. . Retrieved 18 June 2012.

[13] Vale, Lawrence J. (1992).Architecture, power, and national identity (http://books. google. com/?id=3Fm3XlYuSzAC&pg=RA1-PA88).Yale University Press. pp. 88100. ISBN 030004958. . Retrieved 1 November 2008.

[14] Bakshi, S.R. (1995) [2002].Delhi Through Ages. p. 2. ISBN 81-7488-138-7.[15] Smith, George (1882). The Geography of British India, Political & Physical (http://books. google.com/?id=C20DAAAAQAAJ&

dq=raja+delhi+BC). J. Murray. pp. 216217. . Retrieved 1 November 2008.[16] "Our Pasts II, History Textbook for Class VII" (http://web.archive.org/web/20070623140748/http://www.ncert.nic.in/textbooks/

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[17] A Dictionary of Urdu, Classical Hindi, and English (http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.4:1:2294.platts).Dsal.uchicago.edu. Retrieved on 2011-10-24.

[18] Cohen, Richard J. (OctoberDecember 1989). "An Early Attestation of the Toponym Dhilli".Journal of the American Oriental Society109

(4): 513519. doi:10.2307/604073. JSTOR 604073.[19] Austin, Ian; Thhakur Nahar Singh Jasol. "Chauhans (Cahamanas, Cauhans)" (http://web.archive.org/web/20061114120751/http://

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[20] Delhi City (http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V11_242. gif) The Imperial Gazetteer ofIndia, 1909, v. 11,p. 236..

[21] "Why developers charge a premium for upper storeys in Delhi/NCR region" (http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-08-05/news/29855331_1_floor-psf-delhiites).Economic Times. 5 August 2011. . Retrieved May 30, 2012.
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[22] John Murray (1924).A handbook for travellers in India, Burma and Ceylon (http://books. google.com/books?id=0kEKAQAAIAAJ). J.Murray, 1924. . "... "Dilli hanoz dur ast" ("Delhi is still far off")has passed into the currency of a proverb ..."

[23] S. W. Fallon, Dihlavi Fakir Chand (1886).A dictionary of Hindustani proverbs (http://books. google.com/books?id=hh8UAAAAYAAJ).Printed at the Medical hall press, 1886. . "... Abhi Dilli dur hai ..."

[24] India today, Volume 31, Issues 1325 (http://books. google.com/books?id=iWlDAAAAYAAJ). Thomson Living Media India Ltd., 2006.2006. . "... As the saying in Hindustani goes: "Dilli dilwalon ki (Delhi belongs to those with a heart)". So shed your inhibitions and try outyour hand ..."

[25] "India: Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi" (http://web.archive.org/web/20060524155833/http://whc.unesco.org/archive/periodicreporting/cycle01/section2/233-summary.pdf) (PDF). State of Conservation of the World Heritage Properties in the Asia-PacificRegion: : Summaries of Periodic Reports 2003 by property, Section II. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. pp. 7172. Archived from theoriginal (http://whc.unesco.org/archive/periodicreporting/cycle01/section2/233-summary. pdf) on 24 May 2006. . Retrieved 22December 2006.

[26] "Battuta's Travels: Delhi, capital of Muslim India" (http://web.archive.org/web/20080423014415/http://www.sfusd.k12. ca.us/schwww/sch618/Ibn_Battuta/Battuta's_Trip_Seven.html). Sfusd.k12.ca.us. Archived from the original (http://www.sfusd.k12. ca.us/schwww/sch618/Ibn_Battuta/Battuta's_Trip_Seven.html) on 23 April 2008. . Retrieved 7 September 2009.

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illustrations. Mineola, N.Y: Dover. p. 4. ISBN 0-486-42326-3.[29] "The Islamic World to 1600: The Mongol Invasions (The Timurid Empire)" (http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/

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[31] Travel Delhi, India (http://books. google.co.in/books?id=MsYj4ysWQ6sC& pg=PT9&dq=delhi+was+center+of+sufism&hl=en&sa=X&ei=3uvTT6HSBYbjrAeKm6D8Dw&ved=0CGoQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q&f=false). History section: Google books. p. 10. .Retrieved 10 June 2012.

[32] "Sher ShahThe Lion King" (http://www.indhistory.com/sher-shah-suri.html).India's History: Medieval India. indhistory.com. .Retrieved 22 December 2006.

[33] Akbar the Great,Srivastva,A.L.Vol.1 pages 2426[34][34] Himu-a forgotten Hindu Hero," Bhartiya Vidya Bhawan, p100[35][35] Kar,L.Colonel H.C."Military History of India"' Calcutta 1980,p 283[36] Travel Delhi, India (http://books. google.co.in/books?id=MsYj4ysWQ6sC& pg=PT10& dq=Shah+ Jahan+built+the+seventh+city+

of+Delhi+that+bears+his+ name+(Shahjahanabad),+and+is+more+commonly+ known+ as+the+"Old+City"+or+"Old+Delhi"&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jAjfT7yPNNGtrAfj69DBDQ&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Shah Jahan built the seventh city of Delhi thatbears his name (Shahjahanabad), and is more commonly known as the "Old City" or "Old Delhi"&f=false). Google Books. pp. 12. .

[37] "Under threat: The Magnificent Minaret of Jam" (http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=6643&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html). The New Courier No 1. UNESCO. October 2002. . Retrieved 3 May 2006.

[38] Thomas, Amelia.Rajasthan, Delhi and Agra. Lonely Planet. ISBN 978-1-74104-690-8.[39] "Iran in the Age of the Raj" (http://www.avalanchepress.com/Soldier_Shah.php). Avalanchepress.com. . Retrieved 11 March 2011.[40] Gordon, Stewart. The Marathas 16001818, Volume 2. Cambridge University Press, 1993. ISBN 978-0-521-26883-7.[41] Petersen, Andrew (1999).Dictionary of Islamic Architecture (http://books. google.com/?id=gVQj7bW0W9MC&pg=PA204). Routledge.

ISBN 0-415-21332-0. . Retrieved 14 November 2008.[42] Mayaram, Shail.Against history, against state: counterperspectives from the margins Cultures of history. Columbia University Press, 2003.

ISBN 978-0-231-12731-8.[43] "Lutyens' Delhi in race for UN heritage status" (http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/

Lutyens-Delhi-in-race-for-UN-heritage-status/Article1-869770.aspx).Hindustan Times. June 11, 2012. . Retrieved June 18, 2012.[44] Travel Delhi (http://books. google.co.in/books?id=MsYj4ysWQ6sC&pg=PT7& dq=delhi+was+declared+capital+of+india&hl=en&

sa=X&ei=HSTkT8u5FM_yrQfT-MXrCA&ved=0CEEQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=delhi was declared capital of india& f=false). Googlebooks. p. 8. .

[45] "Fall in Delhi birth rate fails to arrest population rise" (http://www.hindu. com/2005/01/03/stories/2005010311230300. htm). Chennai,India: The Hindu. 3 January 2005. . Retrieved 19 De

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