desmids from bandhavgarh, madhya pradesh, india
TRANSCRIPT
DESMIDS FROM BANDHAVGARH, MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA
D. S. AGARKAR, M. S. AGARKER & RAJIV DIKSHIT
Dept. of Botany, Govt . College, Sheopurkalan (Morena) M . P .Dept. of Botany, Govt . Science College, Jabalpur, M . P .Dept. of Botany, Govt . Science College, Rewa, M .P .
Received August 30, 1978
Keywords : desmids
Abstract
An illustrated account of 71 desmids from perennial streams ofBandhavgarh, one of the important national parks of the country,is g iven . t o forms marked with an asterix are recorded for the firsttime from India .
Introduction
Bandhavgarh is famous for its historical background andstands on a hill at an elevation of 823 meters, about 129kilometers from Rewa on the Rewa-Umaria road, 32kilometers from Umaria Railway station of South Eas-tern Railway. Presently it is one of the most importantnational parks in the country .
There are many hilly streams which are more or lessperennial in nature and also a few tanks atop of the hill .Algal flora of the place is very rich but has not attractedthe attention of naturalists . The place was visited fromtime to time by two of us (MSA &RD) for making algalcollections during the year 1972-'73 . Dikshit & Agarker(1974) have enumerated the algae of Bandhavgarh in-cluding a few desmids . In the present communication adetailed and illustrated account of desmids has beengiven . to desmids marked with an asterix have been re-corded for the first time from India .
The following abbreviations are used in the text anddimensions are given in microns . All the dimensions areincluding spines and processes .
L - length ; W - width ; T - thickness ; I - width of isthmus ;P - pole .
Hydrobiologia vol . 65, 3, pag . 213-223, 1979
Netrium (Nageli) Itzigs . & Rothe, 1856,
Netrium digitus var . digitus (Ehrb .) Itzigs . & RotheText-Fig. 12 .
Ruzicka, 1973, p . 196, pl . 1, fig . 2 .L. 161 .0-174 .0 ; W . 43 .5-48 .0; P . 17 .0-22 .0 .
Netrium digitus var. lamellosum (Breb.) Groenb .Text-Fig . 9 .
Suxena et al ., 1973, P . 321, fig . 17 .Cells long with rounded poles . L . 129.0-135 .0; W. 21 .6-
24 .5 ; P . 10 .8-13 .5 .
Penium Brebisson, 1844 .
Penium spirostriolatum Barker
Text-Fig. i6Ruzicka, 1973, P . 197, P1 . i, fig . 5 .Cell wall finely striated . L . 135.0-143 .0; W . 16 .o-i9 .o .
Closterium Nitzsch, 1817 .
Closterium abruptum var . brevius West & WestText-Fig . 13 .
Croasdale, 1962, p . 18, pl . 2, fig . 29 ; Forster, 1969, p . 19,pl . 2, fig . 16 .L . 95.0-101 .0; W . 13 .5-15 .20; P . 4 .75-5 .70 .
Closterium calosporum Wittr .
Text-Fig . 13 .Forster, 1969, p . 19, pl . 2, figs . 26, 27 ; Agarkar,& Agarker,1973, p . 6, pl . I, fig . 7 .
L . 75 .50 - 78.50; W. 9 .0-11 .0; P . 2 .70-3 .0 . Poles of thisform are slightly narrower .Closterium dianae var . brevius (Wittr.) Petkoff
Text-Fig . 2 .
213
214
2
12
10649,2';y,15
14
15Plate 1
i . Closterium nematodes var . tumidum G . S . West; 2 . Closterium dianae var. brevius (Wittr.) Petkoff; 3 . Closteriumdianae var . minus (Wille) Sch . ; 4. Closterium abruptum var. brevius West & West ; 5. Closterium intermedium Ralfs ;6 . Closterium littorale Gay; 7 . Closterium tumidum Johns . ; 8 . Closterium gracile Breb. ; 9 . Netrium digit us var . lamel-losum (Breb .) Groenb. ; 10 . Pleurotaenium trabecula (Ehrbg.) Nag. morpha ; ti . Pleurotaenium trabecula (Ehrbg .)Nag . morpha; 12. Netrium digitus var. digit us (Ehrb.) Itzigs . & Rothe; 13 . Closterium calosporum Wittr . ; 14 . Closte-
rium navicula (Breb .) Lutkem. ; 15 . Pleurotaenium trabecula (Ehrbg .) Nag . ; 16 . Penium spirostriolatum Barker .
Forster, 1969, P . 20, pl . 3, Fig . 8 .L. 135 .0-140 .5; W. 20 .25-21 .60 ; P . 2 .70-3 .5 . This form
can also be compared with Cl. parvulum var . cornutum(Playf.) Krieg .Closterium dianae var. minus (Wille) Sch .
Text-Fig. 3 .Scott & Prescott, 1961, p . 11, pl . 2, fig . 8 ; Agarkar &
Agarker, 1973, P . 7, Pl . 5, fig . 56 .L. 129 .5-132 .50; W . 8 .5-10 .0 ; P . 4 .0-4 .75 .
Closterium gracile Breb.
Text-Fig . 8 .Scott & Prescott, 1961, p . 11, pl . 2, fig . 10 .Cells straight and slender . L . 108 .0-122 .0; W . 5 .40-6 .0 ;
P . 2 .50. It also shows resemblance with Cl. limneticumvar . tenue Lemm .Closterium intermedium Ralfs
Text-Fig . 5 .Scott & Prescott, 1961, p . i l, pl . i, fig . 19 .L . 135 .0-143 .0; W. 10 .0-11 .5 ; P. 2 .70-3 .5 . This form
agrees well with the type in shape and structure but differsin having narrower poles and wall without striations .Closterium littorale Gay
Text-Fig . 6 .Ruzicka, 1955, P . 143, fig . 16 .L. 213 .15-222 .0; W . 26 .10-30 .5 ; P. 3 .5 -4.35 . The shape
and structure of chloroplasts tallies well with the type butthe size for the present desmid is slightly bigger .Closterium navicula (Breb.) Lutkem.
Text-Fig . 14 .Agarker & Agarkar, 1977, p . 25, pl . 1, fig . 17 .L . 35,0-43 .5 ; W. 9 .0-11 .0 .
Closterium nematodes var . tumidum G . S . WestText-Fig . i .
Suxena & Venkateswarlu, 1968, p . 182, p1 . 2, fig. 18 .L . 130 .0-139 .0; W . 24.0-27 .0 . Wall striated .
Closterium praelongum Breb .
Text-Fig . 24 .Suxena & Venkateswarlu, 1966, p . 43, pl . 2, fig . 10 .L. 490 .0-550.0; W . 12 .35-13.30 ; P . 3 .80 .
Agarker & Agarkar, 1977, p . 25, p1 . i, fig . 3 .L . 350 .0-405 .0; W . 30.45-37.15 ; P . 6.5-8 .70.
Closterium tumidum Johns . Text-Fig . 7 .Croasdale & Groenblad, 1964, p . 159, pl . 2, figs . 10-12 .L . 108 .0-116 .o; W . 8 .10-10 .0 ; P. 2 .70-3 .0 .
Pleurotaenium Nageli, 1849 .
Pleurotaenium trabecula (Ehrbg .) Nag.
Text-Fig . 15 .Scott & Prescott, 1961, p . 18, pl . 3, fig . 4 .
L. 348 .0-396 .5 ; W . 17 .4-26 .0; P . 9 .5-13 .5 .Pleurotaenium trabecula (Ehrbg.) Nag . morpha
Text-Figs . 10, 11 .
Ruzicka, 1973, P . 204, Pl . 4, fig . 6 .L . 178 .0-205 .2 ; W . 26 .5-32 .4 ; P . 16 .2-19 .0.
Euastrum Ehrenberg, 1832 .
Euastrum ansatum var . dideltiforme Due .Text-Figs . 46-48, 64 .
Groenblad, Scott & Croasdale, 1968, p . 11, pl . 3 fig . 35 .L . 48 .6-51 .30 ; W. 40 .50-43 .0;1. lo.8o; T . 20 .0-27 .0 .
Euastrum denticulatum (Kirch.) Gay
Text-Fig . 70 .Forster, 1969, p . 31, p1 . 8, figs . 11, 12 .L . 17 .1 ; W . 14 .05 ;1.5 .7 .
Euastrum elegans (Breb.) Kutz .
Text-Fig . 33 .Agarkar & Agarker, 1973, P . 9, Pl . 1, fig . 13 .L. 29 .70-32 .80; W . 21 .5-24 .5 ; I . 5 .40-7 .0 .
Euastrum insulare (Wittr.) Roy
Text-Figs . 35, 40 .Suxena & Venkateswarlu, 1968, p . 171, figs . 13a-c .L . 19 .0-22 .6; W . 17 .0-19 .0 ; I . 5 .7-7 .0 .
* Euastrum longicolle var . capitatum f. minus Scott &Prescott
Text-Figs . 41 -43 .Scott & Prescott, 1961, p . 29, pl . 8, figs . 4, 5 .L . 91 .0-93 .70; W . 43 .0-46 .0 ;1 . 10 .80-12 .0 ; T. 24.30-25 .0 .
W. polar lobe 21 .60-24 .30 . The dimensions for the presentform are slightly bigger, median scrobiculus is lacking,basal angles of the semicell are not rounded . In verticalview the lateral margin is broadly rounded .Euastrum subalpinum Messik .
Text-Fig. 37 .Hirano, 1968, p . 41, p1 . 10, figs . 2, 3 .L . 17 .1-19 .0 ; W . 11 . 4-12 . 5 ; 1 . 3 .8-4 .0 .
Euastrum spinulosum Delp .
Text-Fig . 61 .
Euastrum substellatum Nordst .
Text-Fig . 8o .Scott & Prescott, 1961, p . 44, pl . 11, figs . 1, 2 .L . 65 .0-67 .70; W . 54 .0-56 .70 ; 1 . 6 .75-8 .5 .
Micrasterias Agardh, 1827 .
Micrasterias apiculata (Ehrbg .) Menegh . Text-Fig. 18 .Ruzicka, 1973, p . 206, pl . 6, fig . 5 .L. 210 .0-220.0; W. 205 .0-210 .0 ; 1. 34.5-43 .5 . Cells al-
most round, sinus broadly open towards outer side .
2 1 5
* Closterium restimarginatum Scott & PrescottText-Figs . 22, 23 .
Scott & Prescott, 1961, p . 40, pl . 10, figs . 3, 4 .L . 54 .0-56 .70; W . 48 .6-51 .30; I . 10 .80-12 .0 .
Scott & Prescott, 1961, p . 13, pl . I, figs . 27, 28 .L. 174 .0-179 .0; W. 17 .40-22 .0 . The dimensions for the
present form are a little smaller .Closterium rostratum Ehrbg .
Text-Figs . 20, 21 .
* Euastrum sublobatum var . incrassatum Scott & Pres-cott
Text-Fig . 66 .Scott & Prescott, 1961, p . 41, pl . 14, fig . 13 .L . 18 .9-20 .25; W . 13 .5 -1 5 .0 ; 1 . 5 .4 .
216
Plate 217. Cosmarium regnesii var . productum West & West ; 18 . Micrasterias apiculata (Ehrbg.) Menegh . ; 19 . Cosmariumpunctulatum var . subpunctulatum (Nordst.) Borges ; 20. Closterium rostratum Ehrbg. ; 21 . Closterium rostratumEhrbg . ; 22 . Closterium rectimarginatum Scott & Prescott ; 23 . Closterium rectimarginatum Scott & Prescott; 24.Closterium praelongum Breb . ; 25 . Cosmarium portianum var . nephroideum Wittr . ; 26 . Micrasterias tropica var.polonica f . evolute Scott & Prescott ; 27 . Cosmarium pachyderum var . indicum Iyeng . & Vimlabai ; 28 . Staurastrumpinnatum var . subpinnatum f. robustum Krieger ; 29 . Staurastrum sinuatum Borgeforma; 30 . Staurastrum sinuatum
Borgeforma; 31 . Cosmarium venustum Breb.forma.
24
Plate 332 . Micrasterias radians Turner; 33 . Euastrum elegans (Breb .) Kutz ; 34. Micrasterias torreyi var. sachlanii Scott & Pres-cott ; 35 . Euastrum insulare (Wittr.) Roy; 36 . Micrasterias zeylanica Fritsch ; 37 . Euastrum subalpinum Messik . ; 38 .
Micrasterias radiata Hass ; 39. Micrasterias radiata Hass ; 40 . Euastrum insulare (Wittr .) Roy .
2 1 7
I9. OK 43 .5k $I •OK35 .37, 40 38,39 31,
Micrasterias mahabuleshwarensis var . europaea Nordst .Text-Fig . 71 .
Prescott, 1966, P . 29, pl . 10, fig . 7 .L. 94 .50-108 .0; W . 67 .5-81 .0 ; I . 13 .50-18.90 . This is a re-
duced form having one or two secondary lobules at theapex and a ring of granules in the center of semicell .Micrasterias radians Turner
Text-Fig. 32 .Scott & Prescott, 1961, p . 51, pl . 32, fig . I ; Agarkar &
Agarker, 1 973, P . 11, pl . 2, fig . 24 .L . 135 .0-138 .0; W . 110.0-113 .4; I . 13 .5-15 .0 .
Micrasterias radiata Hass
Text-Figs . 38 .39.Groenblad, Scott & Croasdale, 1968, p. 14, pl . 5, figs.
63, 65 .L . 174.0-195 .75 ; W. 169 .5-174 .0 ; I . 17 .40-21 .0 .
* Micrasterias torreyivar . sachlanii Scott & PrescottText-Fig . 34.
Scott & Prescott, 1961, P . 52, pl . 21, fig . 4 .L . 405 .0-421 .2 ; W. 283 .5-291 .0 ; I . 38 .0-44 .0 .
* Micrasterias tropica var . polonica f. evoluta Scott &Prescott
Text-Fig . 26 .Scott & Prescott, 1961, p . 53, pl. 16, fig . 7 .L. 174 .0-182 .5; W. 125 .0-135 .0 ; I . 19 .0-21.75. Facial
spines without bifid verrucae, central circular swelling islacking .Micrasterias zeylanica Fritsch Text-Figs . 36, 49 .
Suxena & Venkateswarlu, 1966, P. 44, Pl . 2, figs . 15, 16 .L . 48 .0-51 .30 ; W . 48 .6-56 .70; I . 8 .io-10 .0 .
* Micrasterias zeylanica var . rectangularis Scott & Pres-cott
Text-Fig. 44 .Scott & Prescott, 1961, p . 53, pl . 21, figs . 5-7 .L . 48 .8-51 .0; W. 55 .7-60 .0 ; I . 10 .80-12 .5 .
Cosmarium Corda, 1834 .
Cosmarium connatum var . minus Wolle
Text-Fig . 50 .Ruzicka, 1973, P . 208, pl . 9, fig . 2 .L . 62 .0-67 .5; W . 40.5 - 43 .2 ; 1 . 32 .4-35 .0 .
Cosmarium contractum var . contractum Kirchn.Text-Fig . 52 .
Scott & Prescott, 1961, p . 56, pl . 27, fig . 4 .L . 34 .20-38 .0; W. 22 .80-25 .0 ; I . 3 .80-5 .70 .
Cosmarium hammeri var . schmidlei Groenblad & ScottText-Fig . 54 .
Suxena & Venkateswarlu, 1966, p . 48, pl . 3, fig . 31 .L. 25 .5-27 .0; W . 19 .0-21 .0 ; I . 9 .5-10.8 .
Cosmarium obsoletum var . sitvense (Gutw.) KriegerText-Fig . 45 .
Prescott, 1961, p. 19, pl . 3, fig . i6 .L. 40 .5-43 .2 ; W . 54 .0-56 .7 ;1 . 24 .3-25 .0 . This form has a
2 1 8
broader isthmus .Cosmarium pachydermum var. indicum Iyengar &Vimlabai
Text-Fig . 27 .Groenblad & Croasdale, 1971, p . 16, fig . 59 .L . 43 .7 -45.5 ; W. 41 .8- 43.7 1 . 11 .4-13 .3 . The present des-
mid is much smaller in dimensions and shows a greatresemblance with Co. phaseolus and Co. subtumidum .Cosmarium portianum var . nephroideum Wittr .
Text-Fig. 25 .Scott & Prescott, 1961, p . 66, pl . 28, fig . 10.L . 29 .5-32 .5; W . 21 .6-25 .3 ; I . 1o .8-11 .0 .
Cosmarium punctulatum var . subpunctulatum(Nordst.) Borges
Text-Fig . 19 .Agarker & Agarkar, 1977, P . 29, pl . 2, figs . 41, 42.L . 27 .0-30.0; W . 25 .0-27 .0 ; I . 5 .4-8 .0 .
Cosmarium pyramidatum Breb .
Text-Fig . 65 .Agarker & Agarkar, 1977, P . 29, pl . 2, fig . 25 .L . 67 .5-70 .0; W. 40.5-43.5 I. 21.6-23.0 .
Cosmarium regnesii var . productum West & WestText-Fig . 17 .
Scott & Prescott, 1961, p . 68, p1 . 32, fig . 24 .L, 11 .40-13.5 W. 13 .3 - 15 .20 ; 1 . 3 .80-4 .0 . Processes of
the polar lobes are not produced .Cosmarium undulatum var. minutum Wittr .
Text-Fig . 53 .Suxena & Venkateswarlu, 1968, p . 182, figs . 45a-b .L. 28 .5-30 .5; W . 19 .0-23 .0; I . 5 .6-7 .0 . In shape it agrees
well but it is slightly bigger .Cosmarium venustum Breb .forma Text-Fig . 31 .Suxena & Venkateswarlu, 1966b, p . 51, pl . 4, figs . 39a-c .L. 21 .0-23 .5; W . 13 .5-15 .5 ; I . 3 .8 -4 .75 .
Actinotaenium Teiling, 1954 .
Actinotaenium subglobosum (Nordst.) Teil .Text-Fig. 51 .
Groenblad, Scott & Croasdale, 1968, p . 15, figs . 66-68 .L . 32 .4-35 .0; W . 16 .2-19 .0 ; I . 13 .5-16 .2 .
Arthrodesmus Ehrenberg, 1838 .
Arthrodesmus convergens Ehrb .
Text-Fig . 58 .Scott & Prescott, 1961, p . 74, Pl . 34, figs . 7-10.L. 40 .0-42 .7 ; W . 75 .0-77.0; I . 4 .5-5 .5 .
Arthrodesmus convergens var . curt us TurnerText-Figs . 55, 56 .
Scott & Prescott, 1961, p . 74, Pl . 34, figs . 5, 6 .L . 43 .2 -54 .0; W. 45 .9-86 .5 ; I . 108-13 .5 . In some forms
processes are very much reduced .
Plate 441 . Euastrum longicolle var . capitatum f. minus Scott & Prescott ; 42. Euastrum longicolle var . capitatum f. minusScott & Prescott ; 43 . Euastrum longicolle var . capitatum f . minus Scott & Prescott ; 44 . Micrasterias zeylanica var.rectangularis Scott & Prescott ; 45 . Cosmarium obsolatum var . sitvense (Gutw .) Krieger ; 46 . Euastrum ansatum var .dideltiforme Duc . ; 47 . Euastrum ansatum var . dideltiforme Duc . ; 48 . Euastrum ansatum var . dideltiforme Duc . ; 49.Micrasterias zeylanica Fritsch; 50 . Cosmarium connatum var . minus Wolle; 51 . Actinotaenium subglobosum 219(Nordst .) Teil . ; 52 . Cosmarium contractum var. contractum Kirchn . ; 53 . Cosmarium undulatum var . minutumWittr . ; 54 . Cosmarium hammeri var . schmidlei Groenb . & Scott; 55 . Arthrodesmus convergens var . curtus Turner;56 . Arthrodesmus convergens var . curtus Turner; 57. Arthrodesmus curvatus Turner; 58 . Arthrodesmus convergens
Ehrb . ; 59 . Arthrodesmus curvatus var. latus Scott & Prescott .
220
70 27. 0K19 .01C
60,61,63,65, 71,72,73
62,64,66-70.
r ,
14L
is4%
72
Plate 56o . Xanthidium urniforme (West & West) Scott & Croas . ; 61 . Euastrum spinulosum Delp . ; 62 . Staurastrum sinuatumBorgeforma ; 63 . Spondylosium mitens var . triangulare f. javanicum Gutw . ; 64. Euastrum ansatum var . dideltiformeDuc . ; 65. Cosmarium pyramidatum Breb. ; 66 . Euastrum sublobatum var . incrassatum Scott & Prescott; 67 . Stauras-trum royi Turner ; 68 . Staurastrum rotula Nordst . ; 69 . Staurastrum hexacerum f. pentagona Krieger ; 70 . Euastrumdenticulatum (Kirch .) Gay ; 71 . Micrasterias mahabuleshwarensis var . europaea Nordst . ; 72 . Spondylosium mitens
f. majus Turner ; 73 . Staurastrum margaritaceum (Ehr.) Menegh . forma.
Arthrodesmus curvatus Turner
Text-Fig. 57 .Bharati & Pai, 1972, P . 33, fig. 30 .L . 27 .0-30.0; W . 51 .0-54 .0 ; 1.6.75-8 .1 .
Arthrodesmus curvatus var . latus Scott & PrescottText-Fig . 59 .
Scott & Prescott, 1961, p . 76, p1 . 33, figs . 1-3 .L. 40.5-46 .0; W . 91 .8-104 .5 ; 1. 9 .1-11 .0 .
Xanthidium Ehrenberg, 1837 .
Xanthidium urnifbrme (West & West) Scott & CroasdaleText-Fig . 6o .
Groenblad, Scott & Croasdale, 1968, p . 21, figs . 109-i i i ; Agarker & Agarkar, 1977, p . 31, pl . 2, fig . 37 .L . 59 .40-67 .5 ; W . 48.60-54 .5 ; 1 . 21 .5-24 .30 .
Staurastrum Meyen, 1829 .
Staurastrum hifidum Breb .
Text-Figs . 85, 86 .Scott & Prescott, 1961, p . 86, pl . 54, fig . 5 .L . 43 .20-51 .30; W. 67.50-75 .60 ; I . 7 .5-9 .0 . Dimensions
for this form are slightly bigger . Spiny processes are al-most straight and not facing downward .Staurastrum ensiferum Turner
Text-Figs. 81, 82 .Bharati & Pai, 1972, P . 34, fig . 36 .L . 39 .90-42 .0; W . 36 .0-38 .0 ; 1 . 9 .5-11 .5 .
Staurastrum forticulatum var . minus (Fritsch & Rich)Groenb. & Scott
Text-Figs . 91, 92 .Groenblad, Scott & Croasdale, 1968, p . 23, pl . 10, figs .
149-151 .L . 28 .5-30.5; W . 36 .0-38 .0 ; 1. 5 .7 - 7 .6 .
Staurastrum furcatum (Ehrb.) Breb .
Text-Fig . 89 .Prescott, 1966, p . 35, pl . 8, figs . 18, 19 .L . 28 .5-30.0; W . 28 .5-32 .5 ; I . 6 .o-8 .o .
Staurastrum hantzschi var . congruum West & WestText-Figs . 75, 76 .
Suxena & Venkateswarlu, 1970, p . 23, figs . 21a-b .L . 28 .5-30.5; W . 22 .8-24 .7 ; 1 . 7 .6-9 .5 .
Staurastrum hexacerum f . pentagona KriegerText-Fig . 69 .
Suxena & Venkateswarlu, 1966, p . 53, pl . 5, figs . 44a-b .L . 26 .0-28 .0; W . 28 .5-30 .0 ; I . 5 .7 .7 .0 .
Staurastrum margaritaceum (Ehr.) Menegh . morphaText-Fig . 73 .
Croasdale, 1962, p . 39, fig . 133 .L . 21,6-25 .5; W . 29.7-32 .4; I . 5 .4-6.5 .
Staurastrum megacanthum Lund
Text-Figs . 83, 84Scott & Prescott, 1961, p . 97, pl . 55, fig . 3 .L . 20 .90-22 .0; W. 26 .0-29 .0 ; 1 . 5 .7-7 .6 .
Staurastrum pinnatum var . subpinnatum fa . robustumKrieger
Text-Fig . 28 .Scott & Prescott, i96i, p . 101, pl . 46, figs . 9, Io ; Agarkar
& Agarker, 1973, p . 16, pl . i, figs . 15, 16 .L. 37 .8-40 .5 ; W . 48 .6-51 .30 ; I . 12 .0-14 .7 .
* Staurastrum rosei Playfair
Text-Figs . 77, 78 .Scott & Prescott, 1961, p . 105, pl . 58, figs . 1, 2 .L. 54.0-59 .40 ; W. 59 .0-61 .70 ; 1. 5 .40-6 .0 .
* Staurastrum rotula Nordst .
Text-Fig . 68 .Prescott, 1966, p . 39, pl . 6, figs . 14, 15; Forster, 1969,
p . 93, pl . 45, figs . 2-9 .L . 34.20-38 .0; W . 53.0-57 .0 ; 1 . 9 .5-12 .0 . All forms were
found to be 8 radiate .Staurastrum royi Turner
Text-Fig . 67 .Forster, 1969, p . 93, PI . 41, fig . 10 ; Scott, Groenblad &
Croasdale, 1965, p . 56, pl . 13, figs . 178, 179 .L. 38 .0-40 .0 ; W . 34.20-38 .0 ; 1. 9.5-11 .5 .
Staurastrum sehaldi Reinsch f.
Text-Fig . 88 .Prescott, 1966, p . 39, pl . 6, figs . 16, 17 .L. 43 .20-46 .0; W. 64 .80-67 .50 ;1 . 8 .,o-10.80.
Staurast rum sebaldi var . ornatum Nordst . Text-Fig . 87 .Scott & Prescott, 1961, p . 106, p1 . 44, fig . 4 .L. 46.0-51 .5 ; W . 80.0-91 .0 ; 1 . 10 .80-11 .5 .
* Staurastrum sexangulare (Bulnh.) Raben. var . sexan-gulare forma
Text-Figs . 74,79 .Croasdale & Scott, 1976, p . 550, p1 . 16, fig . 6 .L . 45.90-54 .0 ; W. 67 .0-73 .0 ; I . 11 .0-13 .5 . This form also
closely resembles in shape and size the variety produc-tum but is lacking verrucae on the dorsal surface .* Staurastrum sinuatum Borgeforma
Text-Figs . 29, 30, 62, 90 .Croasdale & Scott, 1976, p . 551, p1 . 13, fig. 2 .L . 43.0-48 .0; W . 40 .0-46 .0 ; I . 13 .5-17 .0 . Cells are little
longer than broad with relatively lesser width .
Staurodesmus Teiling, 1948 .
Staurodesmus dejectus (Breb .) Teil . Text-Fig . 93 .Croasdale & Groenblad, 1964, p . 190, pl . 17, figs . 8, 9 .L . 21 .0-24 .70; W . 21 .0-23 .5 ; 1 . 3 .5 - 4 .5 .
Spondvlosium Brebisson, 1844 .
Spondvlosium mitens f. majus Turner
Text-Fig . 72 .L . 24 .3-27 .0; W . 29 .7-35 .1 ; I . 8 .1-io .o .
Spondvlosium mitens var. triangulare f. javanicumGutw .
Text-Fig . 63 .Scott & Prescott, 1961, p . 121, pl . 6o, fig . i o .L . 24 .3-27 .0; W . 27 .0-30 .0 ;1 . 8 .1-io .8 .
2 2 1
222
Plate 674. Staurastrum sexangulare (Bulnh .) Raben . var . sexangulare forma; 75 . Staurastrum hantzschi var . congruum West& West; 76 . Staurastrum hantzschi var . congruum West & West ; 77 . Staurastrum rosei Playfair ; 78 . Staurastrum roseiPlayfair; 79 . Staurastrum sexangulare (Bulnh .) Raben . var . sexangulare forma; 80. Euastrum substellatum Nordst . ;81 . Staurastrum ensiferum Turner ; 82. Staurastrum ensiferum Turner ; 83 . Staurastrum megacanthum Lund forma;84. Staurastrum megacanthum Lund forma; 85 . Staurastrum bifidum Breb . ; 86 . Staurastrum bifidum Breb . ; 87 .Staurastrum sebaldi var . ornatum Nordst. ; 88 . Staurastrum sebaldi Reinschforma; 89 . Staurastrum furcatum (Ehr .)Breb. ; 90 . Staurastrum sinuatum Borge forma ; 91 . Staurastrum forticulatum var . minus (Fritsch & Rich) Groenb .& Scott ; 92 . Staurastrum forticulatum var. minus (Fritsch & Rich) Groenb . & Scott ; 93 . Staurodesmus dejectus
(Breb .) Teil .
References
Agarkar, D . S . 1969 . Contribution to the Desmids of Gwalior,Madhya Pradesh (India) . Phykos 8 : 1-10 .
Agarkar, D . S . 1971 . Contribution to the Desmids of Gwalior,Madhya Pradesh (India)-II . Ibid 10 : 54-69 .
Agarkar, D . S. & Agarker, M . S . 1973 . Contribution to theDesmids of Madhya Pradesh, India (Desmids from Vindhyanregion) . Portug . Acta Biol . (B) 12 : 159-178 .
Agarker, M . S . & Agarkar, D . S . 1977. Desmids from Pach-marhi, Madhya Pradesh. Hydrobiologia 54 : 23-32 .
Croasdale, H . 1962 . Freshwater of Algae of Alaska III . Desmidsfrom Cape Thompson area . Trans . Amer. Micros . Soc . 81 :12-42.
Croasdale, H . 1965. Desmids of Devon Island, N .W.T. CanadaIbid 84 : 301 -335 .
Croasdale, H . & Groenblad, R . 1964 . Desmids of Labrador 1 .
Desmids of the Southeastern Coastal area . Ibid 83 : 142-212 .Croasdale, H . & Scott, A . M . 1976 . New or otherwise interesting
Desmids from Northern Australia . Nova Hedwigia 27: 501-594 .
Dikshit, R . & Agarker, M . S . 1974. Algae of Bandhavgarh . Vibha2 : 159-163.
Forster, K . 1969 . Amazonische Desmidieen 1 Teil : Areal Santa-rem Amazoniana 2: 5-116 .
Forster, K . 1974 . Amazonische Desmidieen 2 . Teil : Areal ManesAbcaxis Amazoniana 5 : 135-242 .
Groenblad, R . & Croasdale, H . 1971 . Desmids from Namibia(SW Africa) Acta Bot. Fennica 93 : 1-40 .
Groenblad, R ., Scott, A . M. & Croasdale, H . 1964. Desmidsfrom Uganda and Lake Victoria . Acta Bot . Fennica 66 : 1-57 .
Groenblad, R ., Scott, A . M . & Croasdale, H . 1968 . Desmids fromSierra Leone, Tropical West Africa . Acta Bot. Fennica 78 :1-39 .
Hirano, M . 1968 . Desmids from Arctic Alaska . Contributionsfrom the Biological Laboratory Kyoto University . Kyoto,Japan . 21 : 1-53 .
Prescott, G. W . 1966 . Algae of Panama Canal and its tributaries .-I Conjugales Phykos 5 : 1-49.
Prescott, G . W., Croasdale, H . & Vinyard, W . C . 1972 . NorthAmerican Flora . Series II, Part 6 pp . 1-84 . The New YorkBotanical Garden .
Ruzicka, J . 1973 . Die Zieralgen des Naturschutzgebietes `Rezabi-nec' (Siidbohmen) . Preslia, Praha 45 : 193 - 241
Scott, A . M ., Groenblad, R . & Croasdale, H . 1965 . Desmids fromAmazon basin, Brazil . Acta Bot. Fennica 69 :1 - 94 .
Scott, A . M . & Prescott, G . W. 1961 . Indonesian Desmids .Hydrobiologia 17 : 1-132.
Suxena, M . R . & Venkateswarlu, V . 1966. Desmids from AndhraPradesh i from Pakhal lake, Warangal . Hydrobiologia 28 :49 -65 .
Suxena, M . R . & Venkateswarlu, V . 1966. Desmids from AndhraPradesh III ; J . Osm . Univ . Sci . 3 : 41-6o .
Suxena, M. R. & Venkateswarlu, V . 1968. Desmids fromKashmir Phykos 7 : 165-185 .
Suxena, M . R. & Venkateswarlu, V . 1970 . Desmids of AndhraPradesh V . Mostly from Warangal and its environs . Phykos 9 :17-28 .
Suxena, M . R . et al ., 1973 . The Algae and Testacea of Cranga-nore. Kerala state- India. J . Indian hot . Soc . 52 : 313 - 341 .
Thomasson, K . 1973. Actinotaenium, Cosmarium and Stau-rodesmus in the plankton of Rotura lakes . Svensk BotaniskTidskrift Bd 67 : 127-141 .
22'3