Transcript
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    Trctinchng

    em

    xinchnthnhcm

    n

    tonththyc

    trngCao

    angK

    y

    ThuatCao

    Thang

    ,

    nhngngi

    toiukinchochngem

    cchinghincuv

    tm

    hiusurng

    vlnhvcint,cb

    itlthyNguyen

    Tro

    ng

    Khanh

    tntnhhngdnvgi

    pchngem

    trongthigianthchinti.

    ngthichngem

    cnggilicm

    nticacb

    nbgip

    chngem

    trongthigian

    qua.Ccsgipnhi

    ttnhcngvi

    scgngcabnthn

    nnchngem

    honthnh

    cting

    thihn.Vishiubit

    cnhnchvthigianthc

    hintikhng

    nhiunntikhngtr

    nhkhinhngsaist.Rt

    cm

    nshng

    dnvgpcaquthy

    cvbnbchotic

    honchnhhn.

    Chngem

    xinchn

    thnhcm

    n!

    Trng CKT Cao Thng Khoa in t - Tin hc

    Bi tp ln Vi X L Trang 1 iu khin Thang my dng 16F877A

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    Trng CKT Cao Thng Khoa in t - Tin hc

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    ....................................................................................................................................................Tp H Ch Minh, ngy thng nm 2009

    Gio vin hng dn

    K tn

    Nguyn trng Khanh

    Bi tp ln Vi X L Trang 2 iu khin Thang my dng 16F877A

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    LI CAM N.....................................................................................1NHAN XET CUA GIAO VIEN..........................................................2

    A-KHAI QUATI. Gii thieu ve Thang may........................................4II. Van hanh cua Thang may.......................................4

    B-CHI TIETI- Chng I: C s ly thuyet ..........................................5

    1. Gii thieu cac linh kien..........................................52. Chi tiet cac linh kien................................................5II- Chng II: Xay dng Thang may..............................43

    1. S o khoi................................................................432. S o nguyen ly.....................................................483. Lu o giai thuat...................................................494. Chng trnh ma code ieu khien Thang may.....59

    C-TONG KET

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    I- Gii thieu ve Thang may:X hi ngy cng pht trin, cc to nh hng lot mc ln, s tng cngnhu hn, nu s dng cu thang b s tn nhiu thi gian v sc lc, thang my rai gii phng con ngi khi vic leo cu thang .

    Ngi dng ch cn ng trc ca ca thang my mt tng bt k, nhnnt gi thang, khi thang chy n th vo trong nhn nt chn tng mnh cn n,thang s a ngi dng i.

    II- Van hanh cua Thang may:Khi Cabin ang trong che o khong tai, th Cabin

    luon ch ch th cua ngi s dung. Khi co lenh t

    ngi s dung, he thong x ly kiem tra va quyet nhcho Cabin, het thong ca, he thong thong bao.

    Khi Cabin ang hoat ong neu ngi s dung rach th, bo ieu khien trung tam se nhan tn hieu vakiem tra hoat ong hien thi va hoat ong yeu cau era quyet nh.

    + B iu khin: s dng lut u tin cho tang gino gn vi v trthang my nht.

    *Nguyn l lm vic ca h thng iu khin thang myNguyn l lm vic ca h thng iu khin thang my l: khi c tn hiu

    u vo tng c ngi bm nt cn i thang, h thng lu nh tn hiu gi thang,vi iu khin kim tra tm nu thy tn hiu yu cu thang (tc l s tng) v v trhin ti ca thang s quyt nh chiu vn hnh ca thang, ng thi kch thangdng tng c ngi gi, m ca ch khch bc vo trong thang, sau ng cav cn c vo yu cu ca khch s a ti tng khch yu cu.

    Cabin co the len xuong theo yeu cau nhng khongchap nhan ngat hoat ong hien hanh

    Khi Cabin khong hoat ong he thong chap nhanyeu cau. Thong tin ve tang ang hien hanh va thongtin ve tang yeu cau en c lu lai va so sanh. Neu

    ch so tang hien hanh ln hn ch so tang yeu cauen th he thong ra tn hieu cho Cabin i xuong. Neu chso tang hien hanh nho hn ch so tang yeu cau thhe thong ra tn hieu cho Cabin i len. Neu hai ch so naybang nhau th he thong cho m ca, sau mot thi giannh trc th ong lai va ch ch th tiep theo. Va trongsuot qua trnh van hanh cua Cabin he thong luon lu lai

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    hai ch so o va Cabin ch ngng hoat ong khi hai chiso nay bang nhau.

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    I- Chng 1: C S L THUYT1- Gii thiu cc linh kin trong ti:

    Trong ti c s dng linh kin sau: PIC 16F877A, Led 7 on, IC74LS47, Led n, IC 7805, Thch Anh, Relay, Buttton (nt nhn), cc linh kin cbn (in tr , t in, transistor , diode, )

    2- Chi tit cc linh kin:a) ien tr:

    in tr, mt linh kin in t th ng trong mch in, c k hiu vich R

    in tr l i lng vt l c trng cho tnh cht cn tr dng in ca

    mt vt th dn in. N c nh ngha l t s ca hiu in th gia haiu vt th vi cng dng in i qua n:

    trong :U : l hiu in th gia hai u vt dn in, o bng vn (V).I : l cng dng in i qua vt dn in, o bng mpe (A).R : l in tr ca vt dn in, o bng Ohm ().

    Cc loi in tr ta thng gp: quang tr, nhit tr, bin tr,

    http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linh_ki%E1%BB%87n_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_t%E1%BB%AD_th%E1%BB%A5_%C4%91%E1%BB%99nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%A1ch_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_v%E1%BA%ADt_l%C3%BDhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B2ng_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%BA%ABn_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%E1%BB%87u_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_th%E1%BA%BFhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_d%C3%B2ng_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B4nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%82mpe&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohmhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linh_ki%E1%BB%87n_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_t%E1%BB%AD_th%E1%BB%A5_%C4%91%E1%BB%99nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%A1ch_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_v%E1%BA%ADt_l%C3%BDhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B2ng_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%BA%ABn_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%E1%BB%87u_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_th%E1%BA%BFhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_d%C3%B2ng_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B4nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%82mpe&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm
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    *Gi tr ca in tr c tnh theo bng sau

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    b) T in:T in l cng l mt linh kin in t th ng l thuc vo tn s

    to t hai b mt dn in ngn cch bi mt in mi khng dn in. L mtlinh kin dng tch in v lu tr nng lng ca in trng.

    in Dung l kh nng tch ly in tch trn b mt ca t in do

    mt in th sn sinh.in Dung, C , l tnh cht vt l ca T in m ch Dung Lng

    in Tch trn b mt ca T in do mt in Th gy ra c nh ngha lt l ca in Tch trn in Th

    C : in Dung c o bng n v Fara (F)V : in Th c o bng n v Volt (V)Q : in Tch c o bng n v coulombs (C) .

    i vi dng in mt chiu DC, in th khng bin i theo thigian hay tn s cho nn T in hot ng nh mt in trvi in khngv tn hay ni khc hn T in lm h mch.

    Khi mc ni in AC vi T in trong mt mch khp kn , do cchnh lch in th ti hai b mt . Ti cc b mt s xut hin in tch cngcng , nhng tri du.

    Phn loi :*T in c phn cc:

    T in c phn cc l mt loiT in c in Dung ln hn so vi Tin thng . V khi ch bin t in mDng Nhm c dng lm 2 b mtdn in.

    Trong mch in, T in phn cccho ra Dng in Cao ti tn s thp ,nn thng dng trong b phn pht in .

    http://vi.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Linh_ki%E1%BB%87n_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_t%E1%BB%AD_th%E1%BB%A5_%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=N%C4%83ng_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_th%E1%BA%BF&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_t%C3%ADch&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Linh_ki%E1%BB%87n_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_t%E1%BB%AD_th%E1%BB%A5_%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=N%C4%83ng_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_th%E1%BA%BF&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_t%C3%ADch&action=edit&redlink=1
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    * T in khng phn cc :Thng c dng to B lc tn

    s, b dao ng tn s.

    T in c ng dng rt nhiu trong k thut in v v tuyn in. Tytheo cng dng ca chng m c cc loi t in khc nhau nh: Chai Lyen,T in c in dung thay i. T in mica , T in s, T in ho hc , Tin giy,

    c) Tranzito:Tranzito l mt linh kin bn dn thng c s dng nh mt thit b

    khuych i hoc mt kha in t. Tranzitor l khi n v c bn xy dng

    nn cu trc mch my tnh in t v tt c cc thit b in t hin ikhc. V p ng nhanh v chnh xc nn cc tranzitor c s dng trongnhiu ng dng tng t v s, nh khuych i, ng ct, iu chnh in p,iu khin tn hiu, v to dao ng.Tranzitor cng thng c kt hp thnhmch tch hp (IC),c th tch hp ti mt t tranzitor trn mt din tch nh.

    Tranzito c to thnh t hai cht bndn in. Khi ghp mt bn dn in mnm gia hai bn dn in dng ta cmt PNP tranzito. Khi ghp mt bn dnin dng nm gia hai bn dn in m

    ta c mt NPN tranzito.Mi tranzito u c ba cc:Cc nn (base)Cc thu (collector)Cc pht (emitter) phn bit PNP hay NPN

    tranzito ta cn c vo k hiu linh kin da vo mi tn trn u pht. Numi tn hng ra th tranzito l NPN, v nu mi tn hng v th tranzito l PNP.

    Tranzito loi NPN Tranzito loi PNP

    http://www.onthi.com/?a=OT&ot=LT&hdn_lt_id=324#16http://www.onthi.com/?a=OT&ot=LT&hdn_lt_id=324#13http://www.onthi.com/?a=OT&ot=LT&hdn_lt_id=324#14http://www.onthi.com/?a=OT&ot=LT&hdn_lt_id=324#15http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linh_ki%E1%BB%87n_b%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABn&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A5t_b%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABnhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A5t_b%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABnhttp://www.onthi.com/?a=OT&ot=LT&hdn_lt_id=324#16http://www.onthi.com/?a=OT&ot=LT&hdn_lt_id=324#13http://www.onthi.com/?a=OT&ot=LT&hdn_lt_id=324#14http://www.onthi.com/?a=OT&ot=LT&hdn_lt_id=324#15http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linh_ki%E1%BB%87n_b%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABn&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A5t_b%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABnhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A5t_b%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABn
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    *Phn cc cho tranzito:

    IV - DIODE :

    A K

    it bn dn l cc linh kin in t th ng v phi tuyn, cho phpdng in i qua n theo mt chiu m khng theo chiu ngc li, s dngcc tnh cht ca cc chtbn dn.

    C nhiu loi it bn dn, nh it chnh lu thng thng, itZener, LED. Chng u c nguyn l cu to chung l mt khibn dn loi Pghp vi mt khibn dn loi N.

    Hot ng ca diode:Khi bn dn loi P cha nhiu l trng t do mang in tch dng

    nn khi ghp vi khi bn dn N (cha cc in t t do) th cc l trng nyc xu hng chuyn ng khuch tn sang khi N. Cng lc khi P li nhnthm cc in t (in tch m) t khi N chuyn sang. Kt qu l khi P tchin m (thiu ht l trng v d tha in t) trong khi khi N tch indng (thiu ht in t v d tha l trng).

    S tch in m bn khi P v dng bn khi N hnh thnh mt inp gi l in p tip xc (UTX). in trng sinh ra bi in p c hng tkhi n n khi p nn cn tr chuyn ng khuch tn v nh vy sau mt thigian k t lc ghp 2 khi bn dn vi nhau th qu trnh chuyn ng khuchtn chm dt v tn ti in p tip xc. Lc ny ta ni tip xc P-N trngthi cn bng. in p tip xc trng thi cn bng khong 0.6V i vi itlm bng bn dn Si v khong 0.3V i vi it lm bng bn dn Ge.

    Hai bn mt tip gip l vng cc in t v l trng d gp nhau nhtnn qu trnh ti hp thng xy ra vng ny hnh thnh cc nguyn t trungha. V vy vng bin gii hai bn mt tip gip rt him cc ht dn in tdo nn c gi l vng ngho. Vng ny khng dn in tt, tr phi in ptip xc c cn bng bi in p bn ngoi. y l ct li hot ng cait.

    http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linh_ki%E1%BB%87n_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_t%E1%BB%AD_th%E1%BB%A5_%C4%91%E1%BB%99nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phi_tuy%E1%BA%BFn&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABnhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90i%E1%BB%91t_ch%E1%BB%89nh_l%C6%B0u&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90i%E1%BB%91t_Zener&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90i%E1%BB%91t_Zener&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/LEDhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABn_lo%E1%BA%A1i_P&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABn_lo%E1%BA%A1i_N&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L%E1%BB%97_tr%E1%BB%91ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_t%C3%ADch_d%C6%B0%C6%A1nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_t%E1%BB%ADhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_%C3%A1phttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_%C3%A1phttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dnghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sil%C3%ADchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9cmani&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linh_ki%E1%BB%87n_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_t%E1%BB%AD_th%E1%BB%A5_%C4%91%E1%BB%99nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phi_tuy%E1%BA%BFn&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABnhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90i%E1%BB%91t_ch%E1%BB%89nh_l%C6%B0u&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90i%E1%BB%91t_Zener&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90i%E1%BB%91t_Zener&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/LEDhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABn_lo%E1%BA%A1i_P&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABn_lo%E1%BA%A1i_N&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L%E1%BB%97_tr%E1%BB%91ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_t%C3%ADch_d%C6%B0%C6%A1nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_t%E1%BB%ADhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_%C3%A1phttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_%C3%A1phttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dnghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sil%C3%ADchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9cmani&action=edit&redlink=1
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    Nu t in p bn ngoi ngc vi in p tip xc, s khuych tnca cc in t v l trng khng b ngn tr bi in p tip xc na v vngtip gip dn in tt. Nu t in p bn ngoi cng chiu vi in p tipxc, s khuych tn ca cc in t v l trng cng b ngn li v vng nghocng tr nn ngho ht dn in t do. Ni cch khc it ch cho php dng

    in qua n khi t in p theo mt hng nht nh.Tnh cht ca diode:Dng in thun qua it khng c ln hn gi tr ti a cho php

    (do nh sn xut cung cp, c th tra cu trong cc ti liu ca hng sn xut xc nh).

    in p phn cc ngc (tc UKA) khng c ln hn in p ngngnh thng ca it (do nh sn xut cung cp).

    c tnh Volt-Ampere ca Diode l th m t quan h gia dngin qua it theo in p UAK t vo n. C th chia c tuyn ny thnhhai giai on:

    Giai on ng vi UAK = 0.7V > 0 m t quan h dng p khiit phn cc thun.

    Giai on ng vi UAK = 0.7V< 0 m t quan h dng p khiit phn cc nghch.(UAK ly gi tr 0,7V ch ng vi cc it lm bng Si, vi it Ge thng sny khc)

    Khi it c phn cc thun v dn in th dng in ch yu ph thuc voin trca mch ngoi (c mc ni tip vi it). Dng in ph thuc rtt vo in tr thun ca it v in tr thun rt nh, thng khng ng k

    so vi in tr ca mch in.

    c tnh Volt_Ampe ca 1 diode bn dn l tng

    http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%BA%ABn_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_tr%E1%BB%9Fhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%E1%BA%A1ch_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_n%E1%BB%91i_ti%E1%BA%BFp&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%BA%ABn_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_tr%E1%BB%9Fhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%E1%BA%A1ch_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_n%E1%BB%91i_ti%E1%BA%BFp&action=edit&redlink=1
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    d) LED ( Diode pht quang ) :

    LED (vit tt ca Light Emitting Diode, c nghal it pht quang) l cc it c kh nng pht ranh sng hay tia hng ngoi, t ngoi. Cng gingnh it, LED c cu to t mt khi bn dnloi p ghp vi mt khibn dn loi n.

    Ty theo mc nng lng gii phng cao hay thpm bc sng nh sng pht ra khc nhau (tc musc ca LED s khc nhau). Mc nng lng (vmu sc ca LED) hon ton ph thuc vo cu trcnng lng ca cc nguyn t cht bn dn.

    LED thng c in th phn cc thun cao hn it thng thng,trong khong 1,5 n 3 V. Nhng in th phn cc nghch LED th khngcao. Do , LED rt d b h hng do in th ngc gy ra.

    LED c dng lm b phn hin th trong cc thit b in, in t,n qung co, trang tr, n giao thng.

    C nghin cu v cc loi LED c sng tng ng vi bng nbng kh neon. n chiu sng bng LED c cho l c cc u im nh gnnh, bn, tit kim nng lng.

    Cc LED pht ra tia hng ngoi c dng trong cc thit b iu khint xa cho in t dn dng.

    Loi LED in th phn cc thun

    1,4 - 1,8V

    Vng 2 - 2,5V

    Xanh l cy 2 - 2,8V

    http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%91thttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81nh_s%C3%A1nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93ng_ngo%E1%BA%A1ihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%AD_ngo%E1%BA%A1ihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABn_lo%E1%BA%A1i_phttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABn_lo%E1%BA%A1i_phttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABn_lo%E1%BA%A1i_nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A0u_s%E1%BA%AFchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A0u_s%E1%BA%AFchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volthttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90i%E1%BB%81u_khi%E1%BB%83n_t%E1%BB%AB_xa&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90i%E1%BB%81u_khi%E1%BB%83n_t%E1%BB%AB_xa&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Fhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A0u_v%C3%A0nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanh_l%C3%A1_c%C3%A2yhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%91thttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81nh_s%C3%A1nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93ng_ngo%E1%BA%A1ihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%AD_ngo%E1%BA%A1ihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABn_lo%E1%BA%A1i_phttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABn_lo%E1%BA%A1i_phttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABn_lo%E1%BA%A1i_nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A0u_s%E1%BA%AFchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A0u_s%E1%BA%AFchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Fhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A0u_v%C3%A0nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanh_l%C3%A1_c%C3%A2yhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volthttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90i%E1%BB%81u_khi%E1%BB%83n_t%E1%BB%AB_xa&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90i%E1%BB%81u_khi%E1%BB%83n_t%E1%BB%AB_xa&action=edit&redlink=1
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    b)Led 7 on

    Trc ht hy xem qua cu trc v loi n led 7 on ca mt s n c

    cu to bi 7 on led c chung anode (AC) hay cathode (KC); c sp xp hnh

    s 8 vung ngoi ra cn c 1 led con c t lm du phy thp phn cho s hin

    th; n c iu khin ring bit khng qua mch gii m. Cc chn ra ca led

    c sp xp thnh 2 hng chn gia mi hng chn l A chung hay K chung.

    Th t sp xp cho 2 loi nh trnh by di y.

    Cu trc v chn ra ca 1 dng led 7 on

    n led hin th 1 s no th cc thanh led tng ng phi sng ln, do

    cc thanh led u phi c phn cc bi cc in tr khong 180 n 390 ohm vi

    ngun cp chun thng l 5V. IC gii m s c nhim v ni cc chn a, b,.. g ca

    led xung mass hay ln ngun (tu A chung hay K chung).

    Led 7 on loi anode chung v cathod chung cng vi mch

    thc gii m

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    Chng ta c th s dng 7 chn ca mt cng VK Pic 16f877a iu

    khin 7 cc ca led 7 on, nhng c mt cch khc hin th l: ngi ta qut

    cho sng ln lt tng con 1 trong thi gian ngn, nh vy vn cho cm gic sng

    u tt c cc led, va tit kim in v chn port cho VK.Ti thiu l cc LED hin th phi sng 24 ln/giy (tiu chun ca in

    nh). thc t ngi ta thng lm cao hn mt cht, c th n 60, 70 ln/giy.

    Nh vy, thi gian sng cho mi LED trong chu k qut l 1/(6*70) = 2.38

    ms, nu chn tn s qut l 70 Hz. V duty cycle ca mi LED l 1/6, tc l mi

    LED ch sng 1/6 thi gian ca chu k qut, ngi ta thng nng dng in cp

    cho LED trong khong thi gian ln tng ng, m bo sng nh khi

    c cp dng lin tc. V d, nu dng lin tc l 5 mA, th khi qut vi duty cycle

    1/6 s nng dng ln 5*6 = 30 mA.

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    c) IC gii m 74LS47.

    y l IC gii m ng thi thc trc tip led 7 on loi Anode chung lun

    v n c cc ng ra cc thu h v kh nng nhn dng ln. S chn ca ICnh sau:

    K hiu khi v chn ra 74LS47

    Trong

    A, B, C, D l cc ng vo m BCD

    RBI l ng vo xo dn sng

    LT l ng th n

    BI/RBO l ng vo xo hay ng ra xo

    a ti g l cc ng ra (cc thu h)

    Cu trc bn trong ca 74LS47 v dng s hin th

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    Hot ng ca IC c tm tt theo bng di y:

    Nhn thy cc ng ra mch gii m tc ng mc thp (0) th led tng

    ng sng

    hot ng gii m xy ra bnh thng th chn LT v BI/RBO phi mc

    cao

    Mun th n led cc led u sng ht th ko chn LT xung thp

    Mun xo cc s (tt ht led) th ko chn BI xung thp.

    Khi cn gii m nhiu led 7 on ta cng c th ghp nhiu tng IC, mun xo

    s 0 v ngha trc day so th ni chn RBI ca tng u xung thp, khi

    ny chn ra RBO cng xung thp v c ni ti tng sau nu mun xo tip s 0

    v ngha ca tng . Ring tng cui cng th RBI trng hay mc cao vn

    hin th s 0 cui cng.

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    d) Relay ( R le):

    Nguyn l hot ng ca relay l bin dng in thnh t trng thngqua cun dy, t trng li to thnh lc c hc thng qua lc ht thc hin

    mt ng tc v c kh nh ng m cc hnh trnh ca cc thit b t ng.

    Phn loi relay: c cc loi relay nh sau: ng ngt bng in, ng ngt

    bng t, ng ngt bng nhit

    ng ngt relay bng cch cho in vo hai cc ca nam chm in. Tu

    loi relay m a vo in th vo l 5V hay 10 V

    e) IC 7805

    Chn 1 gi l chn vo

    Chn 2 gi l chn chung (GND)

    Chn 3 gi l chn ra

    Khi t hiu in th nht vo chn 1 (hiu in th chn vo phi ln hn

    chn ra). Khi hiu in th tai chn ra s cho ta hiu in th m chng ta cn.

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    Led hng ngoi

    Led c cau tao t GaAs vi vung cam co o

    rong la 1.43eV tng ng bc xa 900nm. Ngoai ra khi pha

    tap Si vi nguyen vat lieu GaAlAs, o rong vung camco the thay oi. Vi cach nay, ngi ta co the tao ra

    dai song gia 800 - 900nm va do o tao ra s ieu

    hng sao cho led hong ngoai phat ra bc song thch hp

    nhat cho iem cc ai cua o nhay cac bo thu.

    Hoat ong: khi moi noi P - N c phan cc thuan th

    dong ien qua noi ln v s dan ien la do hat tai a

    so, con khi moi noi c phan cc nghch th ch codong r do s di chuyen cua cac hat tai thieu so.

    Nhng khi chieu sang vao moi noi, dong ien nghch

    tang len gan nh ty le vi quang thong trong luc dong

    thuan khong tang. ac tuyen volt ampere cua led hong

    ngoai nh sau:

    f) Quang transistor: Photon Transistor cung tng t nh transistor thong

    thng nhng ch khac cho no khong co cc baz,

    thay cho tac dung khong che cua dong vao cc baz la

    = 4

    = 3

    = 2

    = 1

    = 0

    U(V)

    I(A)

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    s khong che cua chum sang oi vi dong colector

    cua transitor hoac co cc baz, nhng khong che tn hieu

    la anh sang.

    Cu to ca Transitor quang:

    Hnh thc ben ngoai cua no khac vi transistorthong thng cho tren vo cua no ca so trong

    suot cho anh sang chieu vao. Anh sang qua ca so

    nay chieu len mien baz cua transistor. Chuyen tiep PN

    emitor c che tao nh cac transistor thong thng,

    nhng chuyen tiep PN colector th do mien baz can c

    chieu sang, cho nen no co nhieu hnh dang khac nhau,

    cung co dang hnh tron nam gia tam mien baz. Khi

    s dung transistor quang mac mach tng t nh transistor

    mac chung emitor (CE). Chuyen tiep emitor c phan cc

    thuan con chuyen tiep colector c phan cc nghch.

    Co ngha la transistor quang c phan cc che o

    khuyech ai.

    ac tuyen Volt Ampere cua Transistor quang:

    C Cc thu (colecter)

    Cc nen

    (base) ECc phat (emiter)

    Ky hieu Cautao

    N P NB

    EB

    C

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    H la mat o chieu sang (mW/cm2 )

    ac tuyen cua transistor quang cung giong nh actuyen Volt - Ampere cua Transitor thong thng mac EC.

    ieu khac nhau ay la cac tham so khong phai la

    dong Ib ma la lng chieu sang.

    ac tuyen Volt ampere cua transistor quang ng vi

    khoang Uce nho cung co the goi la mien bao hoa v

    khi ay do s tch tu ien tch co the coi nh chuyen tiep

    colector c phan cc thuan. Cung tng t nh trong

    trng hp transistor thong thung, o doc ac tuyen

    trong mien khuyech ai.

    Opamp 741* S o cau tao ben trong cua Opamp

    U(V)5 10 15 20

    1

    I(A) H = 9

    H = 7

    H = 5

    H = 4

    H = 1

    8

    6

    4

    2

    0

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    7

    D 1

    R 3

    6

    + U c c

    R 1

    D 3

    2T 2

    +

    T 9

    + U c c

    3

    R 2

    T 6

    T 7

    T 3

    T 4

    4

    -

    D 4

    T 5

    T 1

    D 5

    D 2

    + - U r

    T 8

    - U e e

    U vC c o m p

    - U c- U c c

    + U c c

    k y h i e

    -

    +

    c o n g v a o d a o

    c o n g v a o k h o n g

    c o n

    3

    26

    7

    4

    *Khi qut

    OPAMP l b khuch i DC c khuch i in p Av rt cao, thng

    c ch to di dng thch hp.

    Mt Opamp c hai ng vo, mt ng ra v ngun cp in +Vcc / - Vcc. Ng

    vo o c in th V-, ng vo khng o c in th V+, ng ra c in th V 0.

    Trng thi ng ra khi khng c mch hi tip tr v ng vo gi l trng thi

    vng h. H s khuch trong trng thi ny k hiu l Avo. c gi l h s

    khuch i vng h.

    Ngy nay, Opamp c ng dng trong rt nhiu lnh vc khc nhau, vi

    tm tn s rt rng, t DC n hng GHz.

    - p ng tn hiu ra theo cc tn hiu vo nh sau:

    - a tn hiu vo ng vo o:

    Vo = - Avo.VI

    - a tn hiu vo ng vo khng o:

    Vo = Avo. VI+

    - a tn hiu vo ng thi hai ng vo:

    trng thi tnh VI+ = VI- = 0 Vo = 0

    Theo c tuyn truyn t in p vng h ca Opamp, c vng lm vic:

    - Vng khuch: Vo = AvoV1 = 0Vs < V1 = VI+ - VI- < Vs

    - Vng bo ha dng: Vo = +Vcc = VA

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    V1 > Vs

    - Vng bo ha m:

    Vo = -Vcc Vi+ < Vi-

    V1 < Vs Tnh ton cc gi tr linh kin trong mach

    Gi s in tr ca quang transitor nh khng ng k, cho mch thu hot

    ng khi quang transitor nhn c nh sng hng ngoi lm cho opamp dn bo

    ha m, ta phi chn in tr m khi tnh hiu in th V- > V+

    Gi s V+ = 2V, tc l VR3

    M: VR3 + VR4 = 5V

    VR4 = 5V VR3

    VR4 = 5V 2V

    VR4 = 3V

    Ta chn R4 = 2k v R3 = 3k

    kk

    kv

    RR

    RVccV

    23

    2.5

    43

    4.

    +=

    +=+

    V+ = 2V

    V- > V+ khi quang transitor dn ta phi chn cc in tr sau:

    Chn R1 = 2K

    R2 = 3K

    kk

    kV

    RR

    RVccV

    23

    3.5

    21

    2.

    +=

    +=

    V- = 3V

    Vy khi quang transitor dn th hiu in th V- > V+ (3V > 2V), ng ra V0

    ca chn s 6 mc thap.Cn khi quang transitor khng nhn c nh sng hng ngoi th quang

    transitor khng dn cho nn V- = 0V. nn V+ > V-, ng ra V0 ca chn s 6 mc

    cao.

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    g) Vi iu khin Pic 16F877A

    PIC l mt h vi iu khin RISC c sn xut bi cng ty MicrochipTechnology. PIC bt ngun t ch vit tt ca Programmable Intelligent

    Computer (My tnh kh trnh thng minh) l mt sn phm ca hng GeneralInstruments t cho dng sn phm u tin ca h l PIC1650.

    Ngy nay rt nhiu dng PIC c xut xng vi hng lot cc modulengoi vi tch hp sn (nh USART, PWM, ADC), vi b nh chng trnh t512 Word n 32K Word.

    - PIC16F877A c 40 chn vi s phn chia cu trc nh sau :

    + C 5 port xut/nhp : A, B, C, D, E

    + C 8 knh chuyn i A/D 10-bit

    + T chc thanh ghi*Tm tt c im ca PIC16F877A

    Tn s hot ng DC-20MHz

    Reset v Delay POR, BOR (PWRT, OST)

    B nh chng trnh Flash(14-bit word)

    8K

    B nh d liu (byte) 368

    B nh d liu EEPROM (byte) 256

    Cc ngt 15

    Cc Port xut/nhp Port A, B, C, D, E

    Timer 3

    Module Capture/Compare/PWM 2

    Giao tip ni tip MSSP, USART

    Giao tip song song PSP

    Module A/D 10-bit 8 knh ng vo

    B so snh tng t 2Tp lnh 35 lnh

    S chn 40 chn PDIP44 chn PLCC44 chn TQFP44 chn QFN

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    *S chn v chc nng PIC 16F877A loi 40 chn PDIP

    S chn Pic 16F877A loi 40 chn PDIP

    Chc nng cc chn :

    * Chn OSC1/CLKI (13): ng vo dao ng thch anh hoc xung clock bnngoi.

    - OSC1: ng vo dao ng thch anh hoc xung clock bn ngoi. Ngvo Schmit trigger khi c cu to ch RC ; mt cch khc caCMOS.

    - CLKI: ng vo ngun xung bn ngoi. Lun c kt hp vi chcnng OSC1.

    * Chn OSC2/CLKO (13) : ng vo dao ng thch anh hoc xung clock- OSC2: Ng ra dao ng thch anh. Kt ni n thch anh hoc b cng

    hng.

    - CLKO: ch RC, ng ra ca OSC2, bng tn s ca OSC1 v ch ratc ca chu k lnh.

    * Chn /VPP (1) :

    - MCLR : Hot ngReset mc thp

    - VPP : ng vo p lp trnh

    * Chn RA0/AN0 (2) :- RA0 : xut/nhp s

    - AN0 : ng vo tng t 0

    * Chn RA1/NA1 (3) :

    - RA1 : xut/nhp s

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    - AN1 : ng vo tng t 1

    * Chn RA2/NA2/VREF-/CVREF (4) :

    - RA2 : xut/nhp s

    - AN2 : ng vo tng t 2

    - VREF -: ngvo in p chun (thp) ca b A/D

    - CVREF: in p tham chiu VREF ng ra b so snh

    * Chn RA3/NA3/VREF+ (5) :

    - RA3 : xut/nhp s

    - AN3 : ng vo tng t 3

    - VREF+ : ng vo in p chun (cao) ca b A/D

    * Chn RA4/TOCKI/C1OUT (6) :

    - RA4 : xut/nhp s - m khi c cu to nh ng ra

    - TOCKI : ng vo xung clock bn ngoi cho Timer 0

    - C1 OUT : Ng ra b so snh 1

    * Chn RA5/AN4/ /C2OUT (7) :

    - RA5 : xut/nhp s

    - AN4 : ng vo tng t 4

    - SS : ng vo chn la SPI ph

    - C2 OUT : ng ra b so snh 2* RB0/INT (33) :

    - RB0 : xut/nhp s

    - INT : ngt ngoi

    * RB1 (34) : xut/nhp s* RB2 (35) : xut/nhp s

    * RB3/PGC :

    - RB3 : xut/nhp s

    - Chn cho php lp trnh in p thp ICPS

    * RB4 (37), RB5 (38) : xut/nhp s

    * RB6/PGC (39):

    - RB6 : xut/nhp s

    - PGC : mch d sai v xung clock lp trnh ICSP

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    * RB7/PGD (40):

    - RB7: xut/nhp s

    - PGD: mch d sai v d liu lp trnh ICSP

    * Chn RC0/T1 OCO/T1CKI (15) :

    - RC0 : xut/nhp s

    - T1 OCO : ng vo b dao ng Timer 1

    - T1 CKI : ng vo xung clock bn ngoi Timer 1

    * Chn RC1/T1 OSI/CCP2 (16) :

    - RC1 : xut/nhp s

    - T1 OSI : ng vo b dao ng Timer 1

    - CCP2 : ng vo Capture 2, ng ra compare 2, ng ra PWM2

    * Chn RC2/CCP1 (17) :

    - RC2 : xut/nhp s

    - CCP1 : ng vo Capture 1, ng ra compare 1, ng ra PWM1

    * Chn RC3/SCK/SCL (18):

    - RC3 : xut/nhp s

    - SCK : ng vo xung clock ni tip ng b/ng ra ca ch SPI

    - SCL : ng vo xung clock ni tip ng b/ ng ra ca ch I 2C

    * Chn RC4/SDI/SDA (23) :- RC4 : xut/nhp s

    - SDI : d liu vo SPI

    - SDA : xut/nhp d liu vo I2C

    * Chn RC5/SDO (24) :

    - RC5 : xut/nhp s

    - SDO : d liu ra SPI

    * Chn RC6/TX/CK (25) :

    - RC6 : xut/nhp s- TX : truyn bt ng b USART

    - CK : xung ng b USART

    * Chn RC7/RX/DT (26) :

    - RC7 : xut/nhp s

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    - RX : nhn bt ng USART

    - DT : d liu ng b USART

    * Chn RD0/PSP0 (19) :

    - RD0 : xut/nhp s

    - PSP0 : d liu port nhnh song song

    * Chn RD1/PSP1 (20) :

    - RD1 : xut/nhp s

    - PSP1 : d liu port nhnh song song

    * Cc chn RD2/PSP2 (21), RD3/PSP3 (22), RD4/PSP (27), RD5/PSP5(28), RD6/PSP6 (29), RD7/PSP7 (30) tng t chn 19,20.

    * Chn RE0/ /AN6 (8) :

    - RE0 : xut nhp s- RD : iu khin vic c port nhnh song song

    - AN5 : ng vo tng t 5

    * Chn RE1/ /AN6 (9) :

    - RE1 : xut/nhp s

    - WR : iu khin vic ghi port nhnh song song

    - AN6 : ng vo tng t 6

    * Chn RE2/ /AN7 (10) :- RE2 : xut/nhp s

    - CS : Chip la chn s iu khin port nhnh song song

    - AN7 : ng vo tng t 7* Chn VDD(11,32), v VSS(12,31) : l cc chn ngun ca PIC.

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    3 3 p F

    4 M H z

    3 3 p F

    O S

    O S

    Mach dao ong

    Mach dao ong dung

    thach anh c a vao

    16F877A nham ong bo hoatong ben trong. S o ket

    noi thach anh c mo ta nh

    hnh ve:

    Theo nha san xuat, gia

    tr cua tu nam trong khoang

    t 30pF 10pF

    Chon tu CXTAL = CXTAL = 33pFTu co nhiem vu loc tan so c tao t dao ong

    thach anh.

    e chu ky may cua lenh la 1 s ta chon thach anh

    co gia tr 4MHz.

    Mach Reset

    Nguyn tc hot ng: Khi nhn nt

    RESET ngun Vcc t mc cao i qua in tr ko

    p xung cn 0V, khi nhn nt in p ti cng tc

    tri qua mt giai on qu , tn hiu nh gy

    nhiu v cc tn hiu khng n nh khc trong

    thi gian nhn nt s dao ng khng n nh

    trong mt khong thi gian no . T c tc dng

    lc bt tn hiu.

    Cc nguyn nhn lm Reset PIC(POR, manual reset)- Reset khi PIC c cp ngun (Power-On Reset)- Reset bng tay khi cp mc logic 0 cho chn MCLR ca PIC- Reset khi ang ch SLEEP- Reset do b watchdog timer xy ra trn

    R 2 4

    R

    M C L R

    R E S E T

    V C

    +

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    Thanh ghi chc nang ac biet SFR:ay la cac thanh ghi c s dung bi CPU hoac

    c dung e thiet lap va ieu khien cac khoi chcnang c tch hp ben trong vi ieu khien. Co the phan

    thanh ghi SFR lam hai loai: thanh ghi SFR lien quan en cacchc nang ben trong (CPU) va thanh ghi SRF dung ethiet lap va ieu khien cac khoi chc nang benngoai (v du nh ADC, PWM, ). Phan nay se e cap encac thanh ghi lien quan en cac chc nang ben trong.Cac thanh ghi dung e thiet lap va ieu khien cackhoi chc nang se c nhac en khi ta e cap encac khoi chc nang o.

    Thanh ghi STATUS (03h, 83h, 103h, 183h): thanh ghi chaket qua thc hien phep toan cua khoi ALU, trang thai

    reset va cac bit chon bank can truy xuat trong bo nh dlieu.

    Thanh ghi OPTION_REG (81h, 181h): thanh ghi nay chophep oc va ghi, cho phep ieu khien chc nang pull-upcua cac chan trong PORTB, xac lap cac tham so vexung tac ong, canh tac ong cua ngat ngoai vi va boem Timer0.

    Thanh ghi INTCON (0Bh, 8Bh,10Bh, 18Bh):thanh ghi chophep oc va ghi, cha cac bit ieu khien va cac bit chieu khi timer0 b tran, ngat ngoai vi RB0/INT va ngatinterrput- on-change tai cac chan cua PORTB.

    Thanh ghi PIE1 (8Ch): cha cac bit ieu khien chi tietcac ngat cua cac khoi chc nang ngoai vi.

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    Thanh ghi PIR1 (0Ch): cha c ngat cua cac khoichc nang ngoai vi, cac ngat nay c cho phepbi cac bit ieu khien cha trong thanh ghi PIE1.

    Thanh ghi PIE2 (8Dh): cha cac bit ieu khien cacngat cua cac khoi chc nang CCP2, SSP bus, ngat

    cua bo so sanh va ngat ghi vao bo nh EEPROM.

    Thanh ghi PIR2 (0Dh): cha cac c ngat cua cac

    khoi chc nang ngoai vi, cac ngat nay c cho phepbi cac bit ieu khien cha trong thanh ghi PIE2.

    Thanh ghi PCON (8Eh): cha cac c hieu cho biettrang thai cac che o reset cua vi ieu khien.

    Thanh ghi muc ch chung GPRCac thanh ghi nay co the c truy xuat trc tiep

    hoac gian tiep thong qua thanh ghi FSG (File SelectRegister). ay la cac thanh ghi d lieu thong thng,ngi s dung co the tuy theo muc ch chng trnh maco the dung cac thanh ghi nay e cha cac bien so,hang so, ket qua hoac cac tham so phuc vu cho chngtrnh.

    Cac cong xuat nhap cua pic16f877a

    Cong xuat nhap (I/O port) chnh la phng tien ma viieu khien dung e tng tac i the gii ben ngoai.S tng tac nay rat a dang va thong qua qua trnhtng tac o, chc nang cua vi ieu khien c thehien mot cach ro rang.Mot cong xuat nhap cua vi ieu khien bao gom nhieuchan (I/O pin), tuy theo cach bo r va chc nang cua vi

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    ieu khien ma so lng cong xuat nhap va so lngchan trong moi cong co the khac nhau. Ben canh o,do vi ieu khien c tch hp san ben trong cac ac tnhgiao tiep ngoai vi nen ben canh chc nang la congxuat nhap thong thng, mot so chan xuat nhap con

    co them cac chc nang khac e the hien s tacong cua cac ac tnh ngoai vi neu tren oi vi thegii ben ngoai. Chc nang cua tng chan xuat nhaptrong moi cong hoan toan co the c xac lap vaieu khien c thong qua cac thanh ghi SFR lien quanen chan xuat nhap o.

    Vi ieu khien PIC16F877A co 5 cong xuat nhap,gom PORTA, PORTB, PORTC, PORTD va PORTE. Cau truc vachc nng nh sau:

    PORTA

    PORTA (RPA) bao gom 6 I/O pin. ay la cac chan haichieu (bidirectional pin), gha la co the xuat va nhapc. Chc nang I/O nay c ieu khien bi thanh ghi

    TRISA a ch 85h). Muon xac lap chc nang cua motchan trong PORTA la input, ta set bit ieu hien tng ngvi chan o trong thanh ghi TRISA va ngc lai, muonxac lap chc nang ua mot chan trong PORTA la output,ta clear bit ieu khien tng ng vi chan o trongthanh ghi TRISA. Thao tac nay hoan toan tng t oi vicac PORT va cac thanh ghi ieu hien tng ng TRIS (oi

    vi PORTA la TRISA, oi vi PORTB la TRISB, oi viPORTCla TRISC, oi vi PORTD la TRISD vaoi vi ORTEla TRISE). Ben canh o PORTA con la ngo ra cua boADC, bo so sanh, ngo vao analog ngo vao xung clock cua

    Timer0 va ngovao cua bo giao tiep MSSP (MasterSynchronous Serial Port).

    Cac thanh ghi SFR lien quan en PORTA bao gom: PORTA (a ch 05h) : cha gia tr cac pin trong

    PORTA. TRISA (a ch 85h) : ieu khien xuat nhap. CMCON (a ch 9Ch) : thanh ghi ieu khien bo so

    sanh. CVRCON (a ch 9Dh) : thanh ghi ieu khien bo so

    sanh ien ap. ADCON1 (a ch 9Fh) : thanh ghiieu khien bo ADC.

    PORTB

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    PORTB (RPB) gom 8 pin I/O. Thanh ghi ieu khien xuatnhap tng ng la TRISB. Ben canh o mot so chancua PORTB con c s dung trong qua trnh nap chngtrnh cho vi ieu khien vi cac che o nap khac nhau.PORTB con lien quan en ngat ngoai vi va bo Timer0.

    PORTB con c tch hp chc nang ien tr keo lenc ieu khien bi chng trnh. Cac thanh ghi SFR lienquan en PORTB bao gom. PORTB (a ch 06h,106h): chagia tr cac pin trong PORTB

    TRISB (a ch 86h,186h) : ieu khien xuat nhapOPTION_REG (a ch 81h,181h) : ieu khien ngat

    ngoai vi va bo Timer0.

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    PORTCPORTC (RPC) gom 8 pin I/O. Thanh ghi ieu khien xuat

    nhap tng ng la TRISC. Ben canh o PORTC con chacac chan chc nang cua bo so sanh, bo Timer1, boPWM va cac chuan giao tiep noi tiep I2C, SPI, SSP, USART.

    Cac thanh ghi ieu khien lien quan en PORTC: PORTC (ach 07h): cha gia tr cac pin trong PORTC TRISC (a ch87h): ieu khien xuat nhap.

    PORTDPORTD (RPD) gom 8 chan I/O, thanh ghi ieu khien

    xuat nhap tng ng la TRISD.PORTD con la cong xuat d lieu cua chuan giao

    tiep PSP (Parallel Slave Port).Cac thanh ghi lien quan en PORTD bao gom:

    Thanh ghi PORTD : cha gia tr cac pin trong PORTD. Thanh ghi TRISD : ieu khien xuat nhap. Thanh ghi TRISE : ieu khien xuat nhap PORTE va

    chuan giao tiep PSP.PORTE

    PORTE (RPE) gom 3 chan I/O. Thanh ghi ieu khienxuat nhap tng ng la TRISE. Cac chan cua PORTE congo vao analog. Ben canh o PORTE con la cac chanieu khien cua chuan giao tiep PSP.

    Cac thanh ghi lien quan en PORTE bao gom: PORTE : cha gia tr cac chan trong PORTE. TRISE : ieu khien xuat nhap va xac lap cac

    thong so cho chuan giao tiep PSP. ADCON1 : thanh ghi ieu khien khoi ADC.

    TIMER1Timer1 la bo nh thi 16 bit, gia tr cua Timer1 se

    c lu trong hai thanh ghi (TMR1H:TMR1L). C ngat cuaTimer1 la bit TMR1IF (PIR1). Bit ieu khien cuaTimer1se la TMR1IE (PIE).

    Timer1 co hai che o hoat ong: che o nh thi(timer) vi xung kch la xung clock cua oscillator (tan socua timer bang tan so cua oscillator) va che o em(counter) vi xung kch la xung phan anh cac s kiencan em lay t ben ngoai thong qua chanRC0/T1OSO/T1CKI (canh tac ong la canh len). Viec lachon xung tac ong (tng ng vi viec la chon cheo hoat ong la timer hay counter) c ieu khien bibit TMR1CS (T1CON).

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    Sau ay la s o khoi cua Timer1:

    Ngoai ra Timer1 con co chc nang reset input ben

    trong c ieu khien bi mot trong hai khoi CCP(Capture/Compare/PWM). Khi bit T1OSCEN (T1CON) cset, Timer1 se lay xung clock t hai chan RC1/T1OSI/CCP2va RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI lam xung em. Timer1 se bat auem sau canh xuong au tien cua xung ngo vao. Khi oPORTC se bo qua s tac ong cua hai bit TRISC vaPORTC c gan gia tr 0. Khi clear bit T1OSCEN Timer1se lay xung em t oscillator hoac t chanRC0/T1OSO/T1CKI. Timer1 co hai che o em la ong bo(Synchronous) va bat ong bo (Asynchronous). Che o

    em c quyet nh bi bit ieu khien (T1CON). Khi=1 xung em lay t ben ngoai se khong c ong bohoa vi xung clock ben trong, Timer1 se tiep tuc qua trnhem khi vi ieu khien ang che o sleep va ngat do

    Timer1 tao ra khi b tran co kha nang anh thc viieu khien. che o em bat ong bo, Timer1 khongthe c s dung e lam nguon xung clock cho khoi CCP(Capture/Compare/Pulse width modulation). Khi =0 xung emvao Timer1 se c ong bo hoa vi xung clock bentrong. che o nay Timer1 se khong hoat ong khi vi

    ieu khien ang che o sleep.Cac thanh ghi lien quan en Timer1 bao gom: INTCON (a ch 0Bh, 8Bh, 10Bh, 18Bh): cho phep ngat

    hoat ong (GIE va PEIE). PIR1 (a ch 0Ch): cha c ngat Timer1 (TMR1IF). PIE1( a ch 8Ch): cho phep ngat Timer1 (TMR1IE).

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    TMR1L (a ch 0Eh): cha gia tr 8 bit thap cua boem Timer1.

    TMR1H (a ch 0Eh): cha gia tr 8 bit cao cua boem Timer1.

    T1CON (a ch 10h): xac lap cac thong so choTimer

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    GII THIU V NGT (INTERRUPT)PIC16F877A co en 15 nguon tao ra hoat ong ngat c

    ieu khien bi thanh ghi INTCON (bit GIE). Ben canh o moingat con co mot bit ieu khien va c ngat rieng. Cac cgat van c set bnh thng khi thoa man ieu kien ngat

    xay ra bat chap trang thai cua bit GIE, tuy nhien hoat ongngat van phu thuoc vao bit GIE va cac bit ieu khien khac.Bit ieu khien ngat RB0/INT va TMR0 nam trong thanh ghiINTCON, thanh ghi nay con cha bit cho phep cac ngat ngoai viPEIE. Bit ieu khien cac ngat nam trong thanh ghi PIE1 vaPIE2. C ngat cua cac ngat nam trong thanh ghi PIR1 vaPIR2.

    Trong mot thi iem ch co mot chng trnh ngat cthc thi, chng trnh ngat c ket thuc bang lenh RETFIE. Khichng trnh ngat c thc thi, bit GIE t ong c xoa, a

    ch lenh tiep theo cua chng trnh chnh c cat vao trongbo nh Stack va bo em chng trnh se ch en a ch0004h. Lenh RETFIEc dung e thoat khoi chng trnh ngatva quay tr ve chng trnh chnh, ong thi bit GIE cung sec set e cho phep cac ngat hoat ong tr lai. Cac chieu c dung e kiem tra ngat nao ang xay ra va phaic xoa bang chng trnh trc khi cho phep ngat tiep tuchoat ong tr lai e ta co the phat hien c thi iemtiep theo ma ngat xay ra.

    oi vi cac ngat ngoai vi nh ngat t chan INT hay ngatt s thay oi trang thai cacpin cua PORTB (PORTB Interrupt onchange), viec xac nh ngat nao xay ra can 3 hoac 4 chu klenh tuy thuoc vao thi iem xay ra ngat.

    Can chu y la trong qua trnh thc thi ngat, ch co giatr cua bo em chng trnh c cat vao trong Stack, trong khimot so thanh ghi quan trong se khong c cat va co the b

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    thay oi gia tr trong qua trnh thc thi chng trnh ngat. ieunay nen c x l bang chng trnh e tranh hien tngtren xay ra.

    NGAT INTNgat nay da tren s thay oi trang thai cua pin

    RB0/INT. Canh tac ong gay ra ngat co the la canh len haycanh xuong va c ieu khien bi bit INTEDG (thanh ghiOPTION_ REG ). Khi co canh tac ong thch hp xuat hientai pin RB0/INT, c ngat INTF c set bat chap trang thai cacbit ieu khien GIE va PEIE. Ngat nay co kha nang anhthc vi ieu khien t che o sleep neu bit cho phep ngatc set trc khi lenh SLEEP c thc thi.

    NGAT DO S THAY OI TRANG THAI CAC PIN TRONGPORT.

    Cac pin PORTB c dung cho ngat nay va c

    ieu khien bi bit RBIE (thanh ghi INTCON). C ngat cuangat nay la bit RBIF (INTCON)

    CAU TRUC CUA MOT CHNG TRNH NGATCo the noi ay la mot khai niem mang tnh tru tng

    cao nhng cung c thiet lap da tren cac hien tng vatnh huong co thc trong thc te. Chang han nh trong cuocsong hang ngay, oi khi ta phai tam ngng mot cong viecnao o e lam mot cong viec khac can thiet hn, changhan nh tam ngng mot cong viec nao o ang lam e ngheien thoai. S tam ngng nay can c bao hieu bi mot tn

    hieu (trong trng hp tren la chuong ien thoai chang han)va phai c ta cho phep trc o (neu ta khong cho phepien thoai reo th ien thoai se khong reo). T v du thc tetren ta co the lien tng en ngat va cach x l ngat cuamot vi ieu khien. Mot ngat la mot tn hieu ieu khien batbuoc vi ieu khien tam ngng cong viec ang lam e tienhanh cac thao tac ma ngat o qui nh thong qua chngtrnh ngat. Tn hieu ieu khien nay c bao hieu bi cngat (tng ng vi chuong ien thoai v du tren) va phaic ta cho phep trc o thong qua cac bit ieu khien cho

    phep hoac khong cho phep ngat. Mot chng trnh ngatthong thng se c tach rieng vi chng trnh chnh ebao am tnh oc lap cua chng trnh ngat.

    oi vi vi ieu khien PIC16F877A, khi mot ngat (a ccho phep trc o) xay ra th phan ng cua no la quayve a ch 0004h va thc hien cac lenh bat au tai a chnay.Thong thng oi vi chng trnh viet cho vi ieu khien

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    PIC, chng trnh ngat se c at tai ay va chng trnh chnhse c bat au mot a ch cach o mot oan antoan sao cho chng trnh chnh va chng trnh ngat khong bichong len nhau. Neu ta s dung trnh bien dch MPLAB, trnhbien dch se bao loi khi hien tng tren xay ra va ta co

    the khac phuc bang cach di chng trnh chnh i mot oanxa hn.

    Mot iem can lu y na la trong qua trnh thc hienchng trnh ngat, noi dung cuamot so thanh ghi quan trong cokha nang b thay oi (thanh ghi W chang han). Do o trc khithc hien chng trnh ngat ta can thc hien mot thao tac lacat mot so thanh ghi quan trong vao mot vai o nh naoo va phai tra lai gia tr ban au cho cac thanh ghi otrc khi thoat khoi chng trnh ngat bang lenh RETFIE..

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    TAP LENH CUA VI IEUKHIEN PIC

    1. Lenh ADDLWCu phap: ADDLW k (0

    k255)Tac dung: cong gia tr kvao thanh ghi W, ket quac cha trong thanh ghi W.Bit trang thai: C, DC, Z

    2. Lenh ADDWFCu phap: ADDWF f,d(0f255, d[0,1]).

    Tac dung: cong gia tr haithanh ghi W va thanh ghi f.

    Ket qua c cha trongthanh ghi W neu d = 0 hoacthanh ghi f neu d =1.Bit trang thai: C, DC, Z

    3. Lenh ANDLWCu phap: ANDLW k (0k255)

    Tac dung: thc hien pheptoan AND gia thanh ghi vagia tr k, ket qua ccha trong thanh ghi W.

    Bit trang thai: Z4. Lenh ANDWF

    Cu phap: ANDWF f,d(0f127, d [0,1]).

    Tac dung: thc hien pheptoan AND gia cac gia trcha trong hai thanh ghi W vaf. Ket qua c a vaothanh ghi W neu d=0 hoacthanh ghi f neu d = 1.

    Bit trang thai: Z5. Lenh BCFCu phap: BCF f,b (0f127,0b7)

    Tac dung: xoa bit b trongthanh ghi f vegia tr 0.

    Bit trang thai: khong co.

    6. Lenh BSF

    Cu phap: BSF f,b(0f127, 0b7)

    Tac dung: set bit b trong trnhghi f.Bit trang thai: khong co

    7. Lenh BTFSSCu phap: BTFSS f,b(0f127, 0b7)

    Tac dung: kiem tra bit b trongthanh ghi f. Neu bit b bang 0,

    lenh tiep theo c thc thi.Neu bit b bang 1, lenh tieptheo c bo qua va thayvao o la lenh NOP.Bit trang thai: khong co

    8. Lenh BTFSCCu phap: BTFSC f,b(0f127, 0b7)

    Tac dung: kiem tra bit b trongthanh ghi f. Neu bit b bang 1,

    lenh tiep theo c thc thi.Neu bit b bang 0, lenh tieptheo c bo qua va thayvao o la lenh NOP.Bit trang thai: khong co

    9. Lenh CALLCu phap: CALL k (0k2047)

    Tac dung: goi mot chngtrnh con. Trc het a chquay tr ve t chng trnh

    con (PC+1) c cat vaotrong Stack, gia tr a chmi c a vao bo emgom 11 bit cua bien k va 2bit PCLATH.Bit trang thai: khong co

    10. Lenh CLRF

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    Cu phap CLRF f (0f127)Tac dung: xoa thanh ghi f vabit Z cset.Bit trang thai: Z

    11. Lenh CLRW Cu phap CLRW

    Tac dung: xoa thanh ghi Wva bit Z c set.Bit trang thai: Z

    12. Lenh CLRWDTCu phap: CLRWDT

    Tac dung: reset WatchdogTimer, ongthi prescaler cung c

    reset, cac bitva c set len 1.Bit trang thai: ,

    13. Lenh COMFCu phap: COMF f,d(0f127, d[0,1]).

    Tac dung: ao cac bit trongthanh ghi f.Ket qua c a vao thanhghi W neu

    d=0 hoac thanh ghi f neud=1.Bit trang thai: Z

    14. Lenh DECFCu phap: DECF f,d(0f127, d[0,1]).

    Tac dung: gia tr thanh ghi fc giam i 1 n v. Ketqua c a vao thanh ghiW neu d = 0 hoac thanh ghi f

    neu d = 1.Bit trang thai: Z15. Lenh DECFSZ

    Cu phap: DECFSZ f,d(0f127, d[0,1])

    Tac dung: ga tr thanh ghi fc giam 1 n v. Neu ket

    qua sau khi giam khac 0,lenh tiep theo c thc thi,neu ket qua bang 0, lenhtiep theo khong c thc thiva thay vao o la lenh

    NOP. Ket qua c a vaothanh ghi W neu d = 0 hoacthanh ghi f neu d = 1.Bit trang thai: khong co

    16. Lenh GOTOCu phap: GOTO k (0k2047)

    Tac dung: nhay ti motlabel c nhngha bi tham so k va 2 bitPCLATH

    .Bit trang thai: khong co.

    17. Lenh INCFCu phap: INCF f,d(0f127, d [0,1])

    Tac dung: tang gia tr thanhghi f len 1 n v. Ket quac a vao thanh ghi Wneu d = 0 hoac thanh ghi fneu d = 1.

    Bit trang thai: Z 3.2.18 LenhINCFSZCu phap: INCFSZ f,d(0f127, d[0,1])

    Tac dung: tang gia tr thanhghi f len 1 n v. Neu ketqua khac 0, lenh tiep theoc thc thi, neu ket quabang 0, lenh tiep theo cthay bang lenh NOP. Ket

    qua se c a vao thanhghi f neu d=1 hoac thanh ghiW neu d =0.Bit trang thai: khong co.

    18. Lenh IORLWCu phap: IORLW k (0k255)

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    Tac dung: thc hien pheptoan OR giathanh ghi W va gia tr k. Ketqua ccha trong thanh ghi W.

    Bit trang thai: Z19. Lenh IORWF

    Cu phap: IORWF f,d(0f127, d[0,1])

    Tac dung: thc hien pheptoan OR giahai thanh ghi W va f. Ket quac avao thanh ghi W neu d=0hoac thanh ghi f neu d=1.

    Bit trang thai: Z

    20. Lenh RLFCu phap: RLF f,d(0f127, d[0,1])

    Tac dung: dch trai cac bittrong thanh ghi f qua c carry.Ket qua c lu trong thanhghi W neu d=0 hoac thanh ghif neu d=1.

    Bit trang thai: C21. Lenh RETURN

    Cu phap: RETURNTac dung: quay tr vechng trnh chnh t motchng trnh conBit trang thai:khong co

    22. Lenh RRFCu phap: RRF f,d(0f127, d[0,1])

    Tac dung: dch phai cac bittrong thanh ghi f qua c carry.Ket qua c lu trong thanhghi W neu d=0 hoac thanh ghif neu d=1.

    Bit trang thai: C23. Lenh SLEEP

    Cu phap: SLEEPTac dung: a vi ieu khienve che osleep. Khi o WDT b xoa ve0, bit

    c xo ve 0, bit c setlen 1 vaoscillator khong c chophep hoat ong.Bit trang thai: TO,PD

    24. Lenh SUBLWCu phap: SUBLW k

    Tac dung: lay gia tr k trgia tr trongthanh ghi W. Ket qua c

    cha trongthanh ghi W.Bit trang thai: C, DC, Z

    25. Lenh SUBWFCu phap: SUBWF f,d(0f127, d[0,1])

    Tac dung: lay gia tr trongthanh ghi f em tr cho thanhghi W. Ket qua c lu trongthanh ghiaW neu d=0 hoac

    thanh ghi f neu d=1.Bit trang thai: C, DC, Z

    26. Lenh SWAPCu phap: SWAP f,d(0f127, d[0,1])

    Tac dung: ao 4 bit thapvi 4 bit cao trong thanh ghi f.Ket qua c cha trongthanh ghi W neu d=0 hoacthanh ghi f neu d=1.

    Bit trang thai: khong co27. Lenh XORLWCu phap: XORLW k (0k255)

    Tac dung: thc hien pheptoan XOR gia gia tr k vagia tr trong thanh ghi W. Ket

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    qua c lu trong thanh ghiW.Bit trang thai: Z

    28. Lenh XORWFCu phap: XORWF f,d

    Tac dung: thc hien pheptoan XOR gia hai gia trcha trong thanh ghi W vathanh ghi f. Ket qua c luvao trong thanh ghi W neud=0 hoac thanh ghi f neud=1.Bit trang thai: ZNgoai cac lenh tren con

    co mot so lenh dung trong

    chng trnh nh:29. Lenh #DIFINE

    Cu phap: #DEFINE

    Tac dung: thay the motchuoi k t nay bang motchuoi k t khac, co nghala moi khi chuoi k t text1xuat hien trong chng trnh,trnh bien dch se t ong

    thay the chuoi k t obang chuoi k t .

    30. Lenh INCLUDECu phap: #INCLUDE

    hoac #INCLUDEfilename

    Tac dung: nh kem motfile khac vao chng trnh,tng t nh viec ta copy file

    o vao v tr xuat hienlenh INCLUDE. Neu dung cuphap th file nhkem la file he thong (stemfile), neu dung cu phapfilename th file nh kem lafile cua ngi s dung.

    Thong thng chng trnhc nh kem theo motheader file cha cac thongtin nh ngha cac bien(thanh ghi W, thanh ghi F,..) va

    cac a ch cau cac thanhghi chc nang ac biettrong bo nh d lieu. Neukhong co header file, chngtrnh se kho oc va khohieu hn.

    31. Lenh CONSTANTCuphap:CONSTANT

    =Tac dung: khai bao mot

    hang so, co ngha la khiphat hien chuoi k t nametrong chng trnh, trnh biendch se t ong thay bangchuoi k t bang gia trvalue a c nh nghatrc o.

    32. Lenh VARIABLECphp:VARIABLE=

    Tac dung: tng t nh lenhCONSTANT, ch co iemkhac biet duy nhat la giatr value khi dung lenhVARIABLE co the thay oic trong qua trnh thc thichng trnh con lenhCONSTANT th khong.

    33. Lenh SET Cu phap:

    SET Tac dung: gan gia tr cho

    mot ten bien. Ten cua

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    bien co the thay oi ctrong qua trnh thc thi chngtrnh.

    34. Lenh EQUCu phap:

    EQU Tac dung: gan gia tr cho

    ten cua ten cua hang so.Ten cua hang so khongthay oi trong qua trnh thcthi chng trnh.

    35. Lenh ORG36. Cu phap: ORG

    Tac dung: nh ngha mot

    a ch cha chng trnhtrong bo nh chng trnhcua vi ieu khien.

    37. Lenh ENDCu phap: ENDTac dung: anh dau ket

    thuc chng trnh.38. Lenh __CONFIG

    Cu phap:Tac dung: thiet lap cac bit

    ieu khien cac khoi chcnang cua vi ieu khienc cha trong bo nhchng trnh (Configuration bit).

    39. Lenh PROCESSORCu phap: PROCESSOR

    Tac dung: nh ngha vi

    ieu khien nao s dungchng trnh.

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    M T S THANH GHI TRONG PIC 16F877AThanh ghi STATUS: a ch 03h, 83h, 103h, 183h

    Bit 7: IRP bit chon bank bo nh d lieu can truyxuat (dung cho a ch gian tiep).

    IRP = 0: bank 2,3 (t 100h en 1FFh)IRP = 1: bank 0,1 (t 00h en FFh)

    Bit 6,5:RP1:RP0 hai bit chon bank bo nh d lieu cantruy xuat (dung cho a ch trctiep)

    Bit 4: bit ch th trang thai cua WDT(Watch DogTimer)

    =1 khi vi ieu khien va c cap nguon, hoac saukhi lenh CLRWDT hay SLEEP c thc thi.

    =0 khi WDT b tranBit 3: bit ch th trang thai nguon

    = 1 khi vi ieu khien c cap nguon hoac sau lenhCLRWDT= 0 sau khi lenh SLEEP c thc thiBit 2: Z bit Zero

    Z =1 khi ket qua cua phep toan hay logic bang 0Z = 0 khi ket qua cua phep toan hay logic khac 0

    Bit 1: DC Digit carry/BorrowDC = 1 khi ket qua phep toan tac ong len 4 bit

    thap co nh.DC = 0 khi ket qua phep toan tac ong len 4 bit

    thap khong co nh.Bit 0 C Carry/borrowC =1 khi ket qua phep toan tac ong len bit MSB co

    nh.C=0 khi ket qua phep toan tac ong len bit MSB

    khong co nh.Thanh ghi SFR: a ch 04h.

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    Thanh ghi cha con tro a ch gian tiep cua bonh d lieu. P2.5 Thanh ghi PORTA: a ch 05h.Thanh ghi cha gia tr nhan vao hay xuat ra PORTA.

    Thanh ghi PCLATCH: a ch 0Ah, 8Ah, 10Ah, 18Ah.Thanh ghi ong vai tro la buffer em trong qua trnh ghi

    gia tr len 5 bit cao cua boem chng trnh PC.

    Thanh ghi INTCON: a ch 0Bh, 8Bh, 10Bh, 18Bh.Thanh ghi cha cac bit ieu khien va cac bit c hieu

    khi timer0 b tran, ngat ngoai vi RB0/INT va ngat interrput-on-change tai cac chan cua PORTB.

    Bit 7 GIE Global Interrupt Enable bitGIE = 1 cho phep tat ca cac ngat.GIE = 0 khong cho phep tat ca cac ngat.

    Bit 6 PEIE Pheripheral Interrupt Enable bitPEIE = 1 cho phep tat ca cac ngat ngoai viPEIE = 0 khong cho phep tat ca cac ngat ngoai vi

    Bit 5 TMR0IE Timer0 Overflow Interrupt Enable bitTMR0IE = 1 cho phep ngat Timer0TMR0IE = 0 khong cho phep ngat Timer0

    Bit 4 RBIE RB0/INT External Interrupt Enable bitRBIE = 1 cho phep ngat ngoai vi RB0/INTRBIE = 0 khong cho phep ngat ngoai vi RB0/INT

    Bit 3 RBIE RB Port change Interrupt Enable bitRBIE = 1 cho phep ngat RB Port changeRBIE = 0 khong cho phep ngat RB Port change

    Bit 2 TMR0IF Timer0 Interrupt Flag bitTMR0IF = 1 thanh ghi TMR0 b tran (phai xoa bang chngtrnh) .

    TMR0IF = 0 thanh ghi TMR0 cha b tran. Bit 1 INTF BR0/INTExternal Interrupt Flag bit

    INTF = 1 ngat RB0/INT xay ra (phai xoa c hieu bangchng trnh).

    INTF = 0 ngat RB0/INT cha xay ra.Bit 0 RBIF RB Port Change Interrupt Flag bit

    RBIF = 1 t nhat co mot chan RB7:RB4 co s thay oitrang thai.Bit nay phai c xoa bang chng trnh sau khia kiem tra lai cac gia tr cua cac chan tai PORTB.

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    RBIF = 0 khong co s thay oi trang thai cac chanRB7:RB4.

    Thanh ghi T1CON: a ch 10hThanh ghi ieu khien Timer1.

    Bit 7,6 Khong quan tam va mang gia tr mac nh bang0.

    Bit 5,4 T1CKPS1:T1CKPS0 Timer1 Input Clock Prescaler Selectbit11 t so chia tan so cua prescaler la 1:8

    10 t so chia tan so cua prescaler la 1:401 t so chia tan so cua prescaler la 1:200 t so chia tan so cua prescaler la 1:1Bit 3 T1OSCEN Timer1 Oscillator Enable Control bitT1OSCEN = 1 cho phep Timer1 hoat ong vi xung do

    oscillator cung cap.T1OSCEN = 0 khong cho phep Timer1 hoat ong vi xung

    do oscillator cungcap (tat bo chuyen oi xung ben trong Timer1).Bit 2 Timer1 ternal Clock Input Synchronization Control bit

    Khi TMR1CS = 1:= 1 khong ong bo xung clock ngoai vi a vao Timer1.= 0 ong bo xung clock ngoai vi a vao Timer1.

    Khi TMR1CS = 0Bit khong c quan tam do Timer1 s dung xung clock

    bentrong.Bit 1 TMR1CS Timer1 Clock Source Select bitTMR1CS = 1 chon xung em la xung ngoai vi lay t pin

    RC0/T1OSC/T1CKI

    (canh tac ong la canh len).TMR1CS = 0 chon xung em la xung clock ben trong(FOSC/4).Bit 0 TMR1ON Timer1 On bitTMR1ON = 1 cho phep Timer1 hoat ong.TMR1ON = 0 Timer1 ngng hoat ong.

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    Thanh ghi OPTION_REG: a ch 81h, 181hThanh ghi nay cho phep ieu khien chc nang pull-upcua cac pin trong PORTB, xac lap cac tham so vexungtac ong, canh tac ong cua ngat ngoai vi va bo em

    Timer0.

    Bit 7 PORTB pull-up enable bit= 1 khong cho phep chc nang pull-up cua PORTB= 0 cho phep chc nang pull-up cua PORTB

    Bit 6 INTEDG Interrupt Edge Select bitINTEDG = 1 ngat xay ra khi canh dng chan RB0/INT

    xuat hien.INTEDG = 0 ngat xay ra khi canh am chan BR0/INT xuat

    hien.Bit 5 TOCS Timer0 Clock Source select bitTOSC = 1 clock lay t chan RA4/TOCK1.

    TOSC = 0 dung xung clock ben trong (xung clock nay bangvi xung clockdung e thc thi lenh).

    Bit 4 TOSE Timer0 Source Edge Select bitTOSE = 1 tac ong canh len.TOSE = 0 tac ong canh xuong.Bit 3 PSA Prescaler Assignment Select bit

    PSA = 1 bo chia tan so (prescaler) c dung cho WDTPSA = 0 bo chia tan so c dung cho Timer0Bit 2:0 PS2:PS0 Prescaler Rate Select bit

    Cac bit nay cho phep thiet lap t so chia tan so cuaPrescaler.

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    II- Chng II: XY DNG THANG M Y

    1.S khiBoard mch iu khin c thit k nhm mc ch iu khin mt m hnh

    Thang my n gin c th chia ra lm 6 khinh sau :

    Khi x l trung tm : dng vi iu khin PIC 16F877A.

    Khi hin th ( tng v ch th hoat ng) : Dng Led 7 on v led n chophp hin th v tr Thang v cc trng thi: Ln , Xung, Ngh, M ca cho ng id ng.

    Khi b n phm (ch n t ng v gi tng): dng gi thang n t tng btk v ch n t ng c n di chuy n n).

    Khoi dong c: dung ong c DC 12V

    Khi ngun : ngun chnh cung cp in p cho ton mch v ng c.

    *S khi m t mch :

    Khoinguon

    KHOI

    XLY

    Khoihien th

    Khoiong c

    Khoiban phm

    Khoi

    cambien

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    *Chi tit cc khi:

    a) Khi ngun:

    c th to ra mt in p c nh ta dng mch ngun c s nh diy:.

    Mch n p c Transistor khuych i mch trn in p ti im A c th thay i v cn gn xoay chiu nhng

    in p ti im B khng thay i v tng i phng.Nguyn l n p : Thng qua in tr R1 v Dz gim c nh in p chn B

    ca Transistor Q1, gi s khi in p chn E n Q1 gim => khi in p UBEtng => dng qua n Q1 tng => lm in p chn E ca n tng , v ngc li ...

    IC n p hLA78.. IC n p LA7805

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    b) Khi bn phm:

    y l loi bn phm ma trn gm nhiu nt nhn ghp li theo hng v ctnn xc ng nt c nhn ta phi thc hin thao tc qut hang v qut ct nhsau :

    au tien ta cho cac pin ca PIC xut tn hiu noi vihang xuat ra mc logic =1(tng ng ien ap 5v). Khio cac pin noi vi cot se nhan c mc ien apthap do phai i qua cac day ien tr lam giam ienap. Khi ta an nut cac pin nhan tn hieu se nhan cien ap 5v, do luc nay pin xuat va pin nhan noi trctiep vi nhau, sau o ta kiem tra xem pin nao nhan cien ap mc cao ri ta chuyen trang thai I/O cua cacpin . Chuyen pin nhan thanh pin xuat tn hieu va ngclai.

    Tiep theo ta tiep tuc thc hien quet hang xem hangnao nhan c tn hieu mc cao , t o ta suy ra v trnut an ang c nhan. Vi cach quet ma tran phmnay ta khong can cap nguon cho nut an ma co thedung trc tiep p cac pin trong PIC.

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    c) Khi cm bin:

    Cm bin c s dung trong mach nay la cam bienquang, mch c mc nh sau:

    1 k

    1 k

    5 V

    L E D

    5 V

    1 k

    -

    +3

    2

    1

    8

    4

    4 7 0

    R

    P o r t

    Q 6

    P H O T O N P N

    *Mach phat: c cau tao bi 1 ien tr mc ni tipvi 1 Led hng ngoi. Led ny dng phat tn hieu bao tang vqu giang. Mach phat ny c at tai moi tang va phatlien tuc.

    *Mach thu:Khi mi cp ngun quang transitor c nhn nh sng t led hng ngoi

    lm cho transistor dn to ra in p cao ti chn s 2(v-) cu OPAMP lm cho

    OPAMP dn bo ha m ( V-> V+) ng raVo =0v .Pic khng cm nhn c tn

    hiu. Cn khi c vt phm i qua th quang transictor khng cm nhn c tn hiu

    nh sng hng ngoi lc ny transictor quang khng dn tao ra in p 0V ti chn

    s 2(V-) lm cho OPAMP dn bo ha dng(V+ > V-) .Ng ra Vo =Vcc=5V, luc

    ny pic cm nhn c tn hiu x l.

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    4

    3

    6

    5

    1

    2

    M

    O

    T

    O

    R

    C

    A

    B

    I

    N

    C 1 8 1 54

    3

    6

    5

    1

    2

    C 1 8 1 5

    M

    O

    T

    O

    R

    C

    U

    A

    L S 5

    4

    3

    6

    5

    1

    2

    C 1 8 1 5

    C 1 8 1 5

    4

    3

    6

    51

    2

    1 2 V

    d) Khi hin thKhi hin th gm cc Led n hin th trng thi ca thangv Led 7

    on dng hin th tng.*Hin th Led n:Gm 4 led n c ni vo 4 chn RC4, RC5, RC6, RC7, nhng in p ra

    t pic l 5V v dng in khong 1A, nn ta mc ni tip thm cc in tr 470 gim p cn khong 2V v dng in cn khong 10mA, cc led s sng khi c tnhiu xut ra t Pic.

    *Hin th tng viLed 7 on:Bnh thng, Led 7 c th mc trc tip vi 7 chn ca Led 7 vi 7 chn ca

    mt Port trong Pic. Nhng tit kim Port, n gin cho lp trnh v do Led7 mctheo kiuAnot chung, nn ta s dng IC74LS47 tng ng tc ng mc thp mcvo gii m.

    Cc chn 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 s mc tng ng vi cc chn a, b, c, d,e,f, g. Cc chn A, B, C, D s ni vi 4 chn ( RD4, RD5, RD6, RD7) ca Port D.

    M BCD xut ra t Pic s c gii m v xut ra cc s t 0 n 9e) Khi iu khin ng cM hnh thang my gm 2 ng c: ng c ng mca thng my v

    ng c iu khin CaBin. Dng vi in p l 12V. Mi ng c c ochiu quay bng 2 Relay ni cho theo s sau:

    Khi chn B transistor c kch t pic vo relay 1 th Trasistor ng li dnin t ngun 12V lam relay hot ng. Khi ngun in 12V qua chn 6 lc nyni vi chn 5 cp ngun vo ng c, cng lc chn 3 ni vi 4 dn in v mass.ng c s quay thun.

    i vi relay 2 do c mc ngc vi relay 1 ( chn 4 ni vi ngun, chn6 ni vi mass), nn khi hoat ng s iu khin ng c quay ngc chiu li.

    Tng t i vi hai relay cn li

    S nguyn l

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    2) Lu gii thut:Cau truc thc hien

    Start

    X ly nut

    Kiem tra tnhtrang thang

    ieu khienhoat ong

    ong m

    END

    Hien th

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    Y

    N

    N

    Y

    X ly nut nhan

    Start

    Kiem tranut

    nhancha?

    Nut abamcha?

    Nhap so

    tang

    Thoat

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    N

    Y

    Y

    N

    Hien th tang

    Start

    Thangco

    anglen?

    Tang gia trthanh ghi

    So sanhgia tr

    cam bien

    Giam giatr thanh ghi

    Xuat ma

    THOA

    T

    Kiem tratn hieu

    cambien

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    N

    Y

    Y

    Y

    N

    Y

    N

    Y

    N

    N

    N

    Y

    Tnh trang Cabin Start

    Thang

    anglen?

    Thangang

    xuong?

    Thangang

    ngh?

    Co goitang?

    Tanggoi >hay

    hoac hay

    hoac< hntang goi len

    ieu khien

    thang len

    X ly goi

    Y

    emhettangcha?

    Tang tang

    Start

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    N

    Y

    Y

    Y

    Y

    N

    N

    Y

    N

    ieu khien ong m ca

    Xoa cacgia tr

    Mhet?

    M

    Anm?

    Anong?

    Delay

    ong

    onghet?

    ieukhien

    Kiem tratn hieudng

    Start

    Thot

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    Y

    Y

    Y

    YY

    N

    N

    N

    N N

    S o ieu khien thang

    Start

    TangCabin= 4?

    TangCabin= 1?

    Thangco

    ang ilen?

    Tang

    goi co>Cabin?

    Tang

    goi co cabinGOTO Thuc Thi D ; Tang goi < cabin

    Thuc Thi CCALL Dieu khien thang lenGOTO Xu Ly Goi Tang Len

    Thuc Thi D

    CALL Dieu khien thang xuongGOTO Xu Ly Goi Tang Len;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------;oan chng trnh x ly khi cac nut goi tang len c bam;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Xu Ly Goi Tang LenMOVLW d03 ; Chon cac thanh ghi chathong tin goi

    MOWWF COUNTER tang cua cac nut nhan goitang len bat

    MOVLW 64H au t thanh ghi co a ch64H

    MOVWF FSRThuc Thi 1

    MOVLW 00H ;Cho gia tr thanh ghi W = 0XORWF INDF,0 ;So sanh gia tr tng thanh ghi

    co bang 0BTFSC STATUS,Z e biet a goi tang cha ?GOTO Thuc Thi A1 ;Cha goi tangGOTO Thuc Thi B1 ;a goi tang

    Thuc Thi A1INCF FSR ;Tang th t thanh ghi len 1

    gia trDECFSZ COUNTER ,1 ;KT a so sanh het cac gia

    tr goi chaGOTO Thuc Thi 1 ; Cha so sanh het

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    GOTO Xu Ly Cabin; a so sanh hetThuc Thi B1

    MOVF Cam bien,W; Chuyen gia tr thanh ghi cambien vao W

    XORWF INDF,0 ;So sanh v tr Cabin co bang

    tang goi BTFSC STATUS,Z khongGOTO Thuc Thi C1 ;Cabin bang tang goiGOTO Thuc Thi D1;Cabin khong bang tang goi

    Thuc Thi C1CALL Dong Mo Cua ;thc hien ong m caDECFSZ Nghi,1 ;Kiem tra thang may co

    ngh chaGOTO Thuc Thi A1 ;thang may van con hoat ongGOTO Nghi ;Thang may a ngh

    Thuc Thi D1MOVF Cam bien,W; Chuyen gia tr thanh ghi cam

    bien vao WSUBWF INDF,0 ;So sanh v tr Cabin > hay Tang goi

    Thuc Thi E1BTFSC PORT C,5 ; Kiem tra thang co ang i

    xuong khong ?GOTO Thuc Thi G1; Thang ang i xuongGOTO Thuc Thi A1 ; Thang ang i len

    Thuc Thi F1 BTFSC PORT C,4 ; Kiem tra thang co ang i lenkhong ?

    GOTO Thuc Thi I1 ; Thang ang i lenGOTO Thuc Thi H1;Thang ang i xuong

    Thuc Thi G1MOVF INDF,W ; Chuyen gia tr tang goi vao

    WMOVWF SS ; Chuyen gia tr t W vao

    thanh ghi SSMOVLW d03 ; Chon cac thanh ghi cha

    thong tin goiMOVWF COUNTER 1 tang cua nut bam goi tangxuong bat au

    MOVLW 67H t thanh ghi co a ch 67HMOVWF FSR

    Thuc Thi K1MOVLW 00 H ; Cho gia tr thanh ghi W = 0XORWF INDF,0 ; Kiem tra co goi tang khong?

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    BTFSC STATUS,ZGOTO Thuc Thi J1 ; Khong co goi tangMOVF SS,W ; Co goi tang (chuyen gia tr

    t SS vao W)SUBWF SS,0 ;So sanh tang goi len hien

    hanh co < tangBTFSC STATUS,0 goi xuong a goi khong ?GOTO Thuc Thi L1 ; Tang goi len < tang goi

    xuongGOTO Xu Ly Goi Cabin ; Chuyen sang phan x ly

    CabinThuc Thi J1

    INDF FSR ; Tang th t thanh ghi len 1DECFSZ COUNTER1,1; KT a so sanh het cac thanh

    ghi cha ?GOTO Thuc Thi K1 ; Cha so sanh het

    GOTO Thuc Thi A1 ; a so sanh hetThuc Thi I1CALL Dieu khien thang xuongGOTO Xu Ly Goi Cabin ; Chuyen sang phan x ly

    CabinThuc Thi L1

    CALL Dieu khien thang lenGOTO Xu Ly Goi Cabin ; Chuyen sang phan x

    ly Cabin;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    ;oan chng trnh x ly khi cac nut goi tang trong Cabin cbam;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Xu Ly Goi CaBinMOVLW d04 ; Chon cac thanh ghi chathong tin goiMOWWF COUNTER tang cua cac nut bam ben

    trong Cabin,

    MOVLW 60H bat au t thanh ghi co ach 60HMOVWF FSR

    Thuc Thi 2

    MOVLW 00H ; Cho gia tr thanh ghi W = 0XORWF INDF,0 ; So sanh gia tr trong thanh ghi

    co = 0 ?

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    BTFSC STATUS,Z e biet co goi tang khongGOTO Thuc Thi A2 ; Co goi tangGOTO Thuc Thi B2 ; Khong goi tang

    Thuc Thi A2INCF FSR ; Tang th t thanh ghi len 1

    DECFSZ COUNTER,1; Giam 1 gia tr thanh ghiCOUNTERGOTO Thuc Thi 2 ; Cha so sanh hetGOTO Xu Ly Goi Tang Xuong ; a so sanh het

    Thuc Thi B2MOVF Cambien,W ;So sanh tang goi co bang v

    tr CabinXORWF INDF,0 khong ?BTFSC STATUS,ZGOTO Thuc Thi C2 ; Tang goi = CabinGOTO Thuc Thi D2; Tang goi khong bang Cabin

    Thuc Thi C2CALL Dong Mo Cua ;Thc hien ong m caDECFSZ Nghi,1 ; Kiem tra thang may co

    ngh cha ?GOTO Thuc Thi A2 ;Thang may van hoat ongGOTO Nghi ; Thang may a ngh

    Thuc Thi D2MOVF Cambien,W ; So sanh tang goi > hay < v tr

    CabinSUBWF INDF,0BTFSC STATUS,0

    GOTO Thuc Thi E2 ;Tang goi > v tr CabinGOTO Thuc Thi F2 ; Tang goi < v tr CabinThuc Thi E2

    BTFSC PORT C,4 ; KT thang may co ang i lenkhong ?

    GOTO Thuc Thi G2; Thanh may ang i lenGOTO Xu Ly Xuong ; Thang may ang i xuong

    Thuc Thi F2BTFSC PORT C,5 ; KT thang may co ang i

    xuong khong ?GOTO Thuc Thi H2; Thang may ang i xuong

    GOTO Xu Ly Goi Tang Xuong ; Thang may ang ilen

    Thuc Thi G2CALL Dieu khien thang lenGOTO Xu Ly Goi Tang Xuong

    Thuc Thi H2CALL Dieu khien thang xuong

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    GOTO Xu Ly Goi Tang Xuong;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------;oan chng trnh x ly khi cac nut goi tang xuong cbam

    ;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Xu Ly XuongMOVLW d03 ; Chon cac thanh ghi cha

    thong tin goiMOWWF COUNTER tang cua cac nut bam goi

    tang xuong ,MOVLW 69H bat au t thanh ghi co a

    ch 69HMOVWF FSR

    Thuc Thi 3

    MOVLW 00H ;Co gia tr thanh ghi W = 0XORWF INDF,0 ;Kiem tra co goi tang khong ?BTFSC STATUS,ZGOTO Thuc Thi A3 ; Co goi tangGOTO Thuc Thi B3 ;Khong co goi tang

    Thuc Thi A3DECF FSR ; Tang th t thanh ghi len 1DECFSZ COUNTER ,1 ; Kiem tra thang may co

    ngh chaGOTO Thuc Thi 3 ; Thang may van con hoat

    ong

    GOTO Xu Ly Goi Tang ; Thang may a nghThuc Thi B3

    MOVF Cam bien,W; Chuyen gia tr thanh ghi Cambien vao W

    XORWF INDF,0 ; Tang goi co bang v tr Cabinkhong ?

    BTFSC STATUS,ZGOTO Thuc Thi C3 ; Tang goi bang CabinGOTO Thuc Thi D3; Tang goi khac Cabin

    Thuc Thi C3CALL ong Mo Cua ; Thc thi che o qua

    giangDECFSZ Nghi,1 ; Kiem tra thang may co

    ngh cha ? GOTO Thuc Thi A3 ; Thang mayang hoat ong

    GOTO Nghi ; thang may a nghThuc Thi D3

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    MOVF Cam bien,W; Chuyen gia tr thanh ghi Cambien vao W

    SUBWF INDF,0 ; Tang goi co bang v tr Cabinkhong ?

    BTFSC STATUS,0

    GOTO Thuc Thi E3 ; Tang goi > CabinGOTO Thuc Thi F3 ; Tang goi < CabinThuc Thi E3

    BTFSC PORT C,4 ; Thang co ang i len khong ?GOTO Thuc Thi G3; Thang ang lenGOTO Xu Ly Goi Tang

    Thuc Thi F3BTFSC PORT C,5 ; Thang co ang i xuong

    khong ?GOTO Thuc Thi I3 ; Thang ang xuongGOTO Thuc Thi A3

    Thuc Thi G3MOVF INDF,W ; Chuyen gia tr tang goi vaoW

    MOVWF SS ; Chuyen gia tr t W vaothanh ghi SS

    MOVLW d03 ; Chon cac thanh ghi chathong tin goi

    MOVWF COUNTER 1 tang cua cac nut bam goitang len , bat

    MOVLW 66H au t thanh ghi co a ch66H

    MOVWF FSRThuc Thi K3MOVLW 00 H ; Cho gia tr thanh ghi W = 0XORWF INDF,0 ; Kiem tra co goi tang khong?BTFSC STATUS,ZGOTO Thuc Thi J3 ; Khong co goi tangMOVF SS,W ; Co goi tang (chuyen gia tr

    t SS vao W)SUBWF SS,W ; So sanh tang goi len hien

    hanh co < tangBTFSC STATUS,0

    GOTO Thuc Thi L3 ; Tang goi xuong < tang goilenGOTO Xu Ly Goi Tang

    Thuc Thi J3DECF FSR ; Tang th t thanh ghi len 1DECFSZ COUNTER 1,1 ;Giam 1 gia tr thanh ghi

    COUNTER 1GOTO Thuc Thi K3 ; Cha em xong

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    GOTO Thuc Thi A3 ; a em xongThuc Thi L3

    CALL Dieu khien thang lenGOTO Xu Ly Goi Tang

    Thuc Thi I3

    CALL Dieu khien thang xuongGOTO Xu Ly Goi TangNghi

    BCF PORT C,0BCF PORT C,1BCF PORT C,4BCF PORT C,5BCF PORT C,7BSF PORT C,6GOTO Goi tang

    Dieu khien thang lenBCF PORT C,1BSF PORT C,0BCF PORT C,7BSF PORT C,6RETURN

    Dieu khien thang xuongBCF PORT C,0BSF PORT C,1BCF PORT C,7BSF PORT C,6

    RETURN;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------;oan chng trnh x ly ong m ca khi tang goi bang viv tr cua Cabin;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Dong Mo CuaBTFSC PORT E,0 ; Kiem tra tn hieu bao dngGOTO Dung ; Co tn hieuGOTO THOAT 1 ;Khong co tn hieu

    Dung BCF PORT C,0 ; Thc hien dng thang mayBCF PORT C,1BSF PORT C,7

    MoBCF PORT C,2 ; Thc hien m caBSF PORT C,3BTFSCPORTE,1 ; Kiem tra a m het cha?

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    GOTO Mo HetBTFSCPORTA,5 ; Nut ong co nhan khong ?GOTO An Dong

    An MoBTFSCPORTA,4 ; Nut m co nhan khong ?

    GOTO MoGOTO Dong Het ; Quay lai kiem tra a ong hetcha?

    Mo HetGOTO DELAY_5s

    DongBCF PORTC,2 ;Thc hien ong caBSF PORTC,3GOTO Dong Het

    Dong HetBTFSCPORTE,2 ; Kiem tra a ong het cha?

    GOTO Dieu Khien Thang MayGOTO An Mo ;Quay lai kiem tra nut m caDELAY 5s

    MOVLW b00100000'MOVWF T1CONMOVLW d76MOVWF COUNTER,2

    Bat DauMOVLW 00HMOVWF TMR1HMOVLW 00H

    MOVWF TMR1LBSF T1CON,0KK1

    BTFSS PIR1,TMR1IFGOTO KK1BCF PIR1,TMR1IFDECFSZ COUNTER 1,1 ; Kiem tra a Delay xongcha ?GOTO An Dong ;Cha Delay xongGOTO Dong ; a Delay xong

    An Dong

    BTFSCPORT A,5 ; Kiem tra co an ong khong ?GOTO DongGOTO Bat Dau

    Dieu Khien Thang MayMOVLW d04 ;Kiem tra Cabin co tang 4

    khong ?XORWF Cam bien,W

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    BTFSZ STATUS,ZGOTO Thuc Thi Xuong ; Cabin ang tang 4MOVLW d01 ;Kiem tra Cabin co tang 1

    khong ?XORWF Cam bien,W

    BTFSZ STATUS,ZGOTO Thuc Thi Len ; Cabin ang tang 1BTFSC PORT C,4 ; Cabin co ang thao tac len

    khong ?GOTO Dieu khien lenBTFSC PORT C,5 ; Cabin co ang thao tac xuong

    khong ?GOTO Dieu khien xuongGOTO Xoa gia tri tuong ung

    Dieu khien lenMOVLW d09 ; Chon cac thanh ghi cha

    thong tin goiMOVWF COUNTER 2 tang cua nut bam goi tangxuong bat au

    MOVLW 60H t thanh ghi co a ch 60HMOVWF FSR

    Thuc Thi C4MOVLW 00 H ; Cho gia tr W = 0XORWF INDF,0 ; Kiem tra co goi tang khong ?BTFSC STATUS,ZGOTO Thuc Thi A4MOVF Cam bien,W; Chuyen gia tr thanh ghi Cam

    bien vao WSUBWF INDF,W ; Tang goi > hay < v tr Cabin

    BTFSC STATUS,0GOTO Thuc Thi A4 ; Cabin < tang goiGOTO Thuc Thi B4 ; Cabin > tang goi

    Thuc Thi B4MOVF Cam bien,W; Chuyen gia tr thanh ghi cam

    bien vao WXORWF INDF,0 ;So sanh v tr Cabin co bang

    tang goi BTFSC STATUS,Z khong

    GOTO Thuc Thi A4 ;Cabin bang tang goiGOTO Thuc Thi Len ;Cabin khong bang tanggoiThuc Thi A4

    INDF FSR ; Tang th t thanh ghi len 1DECFSZ COUNTER2,1; KT a so sanh het cac thanh

    ghi cha ?GOTO Thuc Thi C4 ; Cha so sanh het

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    GOTO Thuc Thi Xuong ; a so sanh hetThuc Thi Len

    CALL Dieu khien thang lenGOTO Xoa gia tri tuong ung

    Thuc Thi XuongCALL Dieu khien thang xuongGOTO Xoa gia tri tuong ung

    Dieu khien xuongMOVLW d09 ; Chon cac thanh ghi cha

    thong tin goiMOVWF COUNTER 2 tang cua nut bam goi tang

    xuong bat auMOVLW 60H t thanh ghi co a ch 60HMOVWF FSR

    Thuc Thi C5

    MOVLW 00 H ; Cho gia tr W = 0XORWF INDF,0 ; Kiem tra co goi tang khong ?BTFSC STATUS,ZGOTO Thuc Thi A4 ;Co goiMOVF Cam bien,W; Chuyen gia tr thanh ghi Cam

    bien vao WSUBWF INDF,W ; Tang goi > hay < v tr CabinBTFSC STATUS,0GOTO Thuc Thi B5 ; Cabin < tang goiGOTO Thuc Thi A5 ; Cabin > tang goi

    Thuc Thi B5

    MOVF Cam bien,W; Chuyen gia tr thanh ghi cambien vao WXORWF INDF,0 ;So sanh v tr Cabin co bang

    tang goi BTFSC STATUS,Z khongGOTO Thuc Thi A5 ;Cabin bang tang goiGOTO Thuc Thi Xuong ;Cabin khong bang tang

    goiThuc Thi A5

    INDF FSR ; Tang th t thanh ghi len 1DECFSZ COUNTER2,1; KT a so sanh het cac thanh

    ghi cha ?

    GOTO Thuc Thi C5 ; Cha so sanh hetGOTO Thuc Thi Len ; a so sanh hetXOA GIA TRI TUONG UNG

    MOVLW 09H ; Chon cac thanh ghi chathong tin goi

    MOVWF COUNTER 2 tang cua nut bam goi tangxuong bat auMOVLW 60H t thanh ghi co a ch 60H

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    MOVWF FSR So Sanh

    MOVF Cam bien,W ; Chuyen gia tr thanh ghi Cambien vao WXORWF INDF,W ; Gia tr goi co bang tang

    hien hanh khongBTFSCSTATUS,ZGOTO Tuong Ung ; Gia tr goi bang tang hienhanhGOTO Khac ; Gia tr goi khac tang hienhanh;

    Tuong UngCLRF INDF ; Xoa gia tr trong thanh ghi ang

    so sanhGOTO Khac

    Khac

    INDF FSR ;Tang th t cac thanh ghi len1DECFSZ COUNTER 2 ,1 ; Giam bien em trong

    COUNTER 2GOTO So Sanh ; Bien em cha bang 0GOTO Ket thuc

    Ket thuc

    DECF Nghi,1 ;Giam gia tr thanh ghi Nghixuong 1 n v

    CALL DELAY _1s

    THOAT 1DELAY _1sMOVLW b00100000'MOVWF T1CONMOVLW d15MOVWF COUNTER,2

    Bat Dau 1MOVLW 00HMOVWF TMR1HMOVLW 00HMOVWF TMR1L

    BSF T1CON,0KK2BTFSS PIR1,TMR1IFGOTO KK2BCF PIR1,TMR1IFDECFSZ COUNTER 1,1 ; Kiem tra a Delay xongcha ?GOTO Bat Dau 1 ; Cha Delay xong

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    GOTO THOAT 2 ; a Delay xongTHOAT 2RETURNEND

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    I.ANH GIA E TAI1. Lam c:

    Hieu c cau truc va nguyen ly hoat ong

    cua thang may

    Lap trnh cho thang hoat ong c mot so

    ng dung trong thc te.

    2. Han che:

    Ch ieu khien ao chieu quay ong c ma

    cha ieu khien toc o ong c, chang han nh khi cabin

    chay gan en tang can en th se giam toc o trc

    khi dng lai.

    Khong thiet ke he thong an toan nh: bao

    qua tai, bao chay, canh bao,

    e tai con han che ve so tang

    Cha thiet ke chay th tren phan mem mo

    phong va phan cng.

    II. HNG PHAT TRIEN.

    Se khac phuc nhng han che tren

    IV. TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

    Gi T h Vi i Khi


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