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Ban Asbestos(Neg) Matthew Hamilton, Eveready

Ban Asbestos(Neg)

Table of Contents

1. Inherency................................................................................................................................................11.1 Large Scale Ban...............................................................................................................................11.2 CPSC Ban........................................................................................................................................21.3 NESHAP Bans.................................................................................................................................21.4 Insulation Bans................................................................................................................................21.5 Asbestos Products Still Banned by EPA..........................................................................................21.6 Needs to be Encapsulated During Spraying....................................................................................31.7 Stringent Regulations(CPSC and EPA)...........................................................................................31.8 Consumption Will Probably Decrease as Years Pass......................................................................31.9 U.S. Mostly Has Short Fibers Which Have Limited Use................................................................41.10 Many Substitutes...........................................................................................................................41.11 Current Exposure Short-Term.......................................................................................................4

1.12 There May be No Fix....................................................................................................................41.13 Chrystolite Only Type Still Used..................................................................................................5

2. Free Market Will Solve..........................................................................................................................52.1 Hairdryer Manufacturers Voluntarily Stopped Using it..................................................................5

3. Disadvantages........................................................................................................................................53.1 DA 1: Blackmarket..........................................................................................................................5

1. Inherency

1.1 Large Scale BanAsbestos Ban and Phase Out, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, updated September 18, 2008,

http://www.epa.gov/asbestos/pubs/ban.html

On July 12, 1989, EPA issued a final rule banning most asbestos-containing products. In 1991, thisregulation was overturned by the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals in New Orleans. As a result of theCourt's decision, the following specific asbestos-containing products remain banned: flooring felt,rollboard, and corrugated, commercial, or specialty paper. In addition, the regulation continues to banthe use of asbestos in products that have not historically contained asbestos, otherwise referred to as"new uses" of asbestos. For more information read EPA Asbestos Materials Ban (ABPO Rule):Clarification (PDF)(3 pp., 10 K) - May 1999.

Below are four relevant Federal Register notices:

Asbestos: Manufacture, Importation, Processing, and Distribution in Commerce Prohibitions;Final Rule (54 FR 29460, July 12, 1989)(FRL-3476-2) (PDF)(55 pp, 8.2MB)

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http://www.epa.gov/asbestos/pubs/ban.htmlhttp://asbbans2.pdf/http://asbbans2.pdf/http://frl-3476-2.pdf/http://frl-3476-2.pdf/http://asbbans2.pdf/http://asbbans2.pdf/http://frl-3476-2.pdf/http://www.epa.gov/asbestos/pubs/ban.html


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Asbestos; Manufacture, Importation, Processing and Distribution Prohibitions; Effect of CourtDecision; Continuing Restrictions on Certain Asbestos-Containing Products (57 FR 11364,April 2, 1992) (FRL-4044-2) (PDF)(2 pp, 250K)

Asbestos; Manufacture, Importation, Processing and Distribution Prohibitions; Continuing

Restrictions on Certain Asbestos-Containing Products (58 FR 58964, November 5,1993)(FRL-4635-7) (PDF)(5 pp., 588K)

Technical Amendment in Response to Court Decision on Asbestos; Manufacture, Importation,Processing and Distribution Prohibitions; Technical Amendment (59 FR 33208, June 28,1994)(FRL-4776-7) (PDF)(4 pp., 350K)

1.2 CPSC Ban

EPA Asbestos Materials Bans: Clarification, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, May 18, 1999,

http://www.epa.gov/asbestos/pubs/asbbans2.pdf

Note that the US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) also developed bans on useof asbestos in certain consumer products such as textured paint, wall patching compounds. Formore detailed information, contact the CPSC Hotline, at 1-800-638-2772.

1.3 NESHAP Bans



- 1973 NESHAP, banned for fireproofing/insulating

- 1978 NESHAP, banned for "decorative" purposes

1.4 Insulation Bans



B. Thermal System Insulation:

- 1975 NESHAP, banned installation of wet-applied and pre-formed (molded) asbestospipe insulation.

- 1975 NESHAP, banned installation of pre-formed (molded) asbestos block insulationon boilers and hot water tanks.

1.5 Asbestos Products Still Banned by EPA



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http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-TOX/pre1994/4044-2.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-TOX/pre1994/4635-7.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-TOX/pre1994/4635-7.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-TOX/pre1994/4776-7.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-TOX/pre1994/4776-7.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/asbestos/pubs/asbbans2.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/asbestos/pubs/asbbans2.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/asbestos/pubs/asbbans2.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/asbestos/pubs/asbbans2.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-TOX/pre1994/4044-2.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-TOX/pre1994/4635-7.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-TOX/pre1994/4776-7.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/asbestos/pubs/asbbans2.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/asbestos/pubs/asbbans2.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/asbestos/pubs/asbbans2.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/asbestos/pubs/asbbans2.pdf


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B. Federal Register, Nov. 5, 1993 (58 FR 58964), Factual determinations: "Continuingrestrictions on certain asbestos-containing products."

In this FR notice, EPA stated its position regarding the status of its ban on various asbestoscontainingproduct categories. The status is briefly summarized below:

Products still banned -Six asbestos-containing product categories that are still subject to the asbestos ban include:1) corrugated paper, 2) rollboard, 3) commercial paper, 4) speciality paper, 5) flooring felt, and6) new uses of asbestos.

1.6 Needs to be Encapsulated During Spraying

EPA Asbestos Materials Bans: Clarification, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, May 18, 1999,http://www.epa.gov/asbestos/pubs/asbbans2.pdf

* The Nov. 1990 revised asbestos NESHAP prohibits spray-on application of materials containing morethan 1% asbestos to buildings, structures, pipes, and conduits unless the material is encapsulated with abituminous or resinous binder during spraying and the materials are not friable after drying.

1.7 Stringent Regulations(CPSC and EPA)

Asbestos Exposure and Cancer Risk, National Cancer Institute, U.S. National Institutes of Health,

reviewed May 1, 2009, http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/asbestos

In the late 1970s, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) banned the use of asbestos inwallboard patching compounds and gas fireplaces because the asbestos fibers in these products couldbe released into the environment during use. In addition, manufacturers of electric hairdryersvoluntarily stopped using asbestos in their products in 1979. In 1989, the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EPA) banned all new uses of asbestos; however, uses developed before 1989 arestill allowed. The EPA also established regulations that require school systems to inspect buildings forthe presence of damaged asbestos and to eliminate or reduce asbestos exposure to occupants byremoving the asbestos or encasing it.

1.8 Consumption Will Probably Decrease as Years Pass

Robert L. Virta, 2007 Minerals Yearbook Asbestos[Advance Release], U.S. Geological Survey, U.S.

Department of the Interior, August 2008,http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/asbestos/myb1-2007-asbes.pdf

U.S. consumption probably will decrease as U.S. use of asbestos fiber and asbestos-containing productscontinues to decline. World production probably will remain between 2.0 and 2.3 Mt for the next fewyears as demand still remains high in many regions of the world, particularly in Asia.

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http://www.epa.gov/asbestos/pubs/asbbans2.pdfhttp://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/asbestoshttp://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/asbestos/myb1-2007-asbes.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/asbestos/pubs/asbbans2.pdfhttp://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/asbestoshttp://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/asbestos/myb1-2007-asbes.pdf


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1.9 U.S. Mostly Has Short Fibers Which Have Limited Use

Robert L. Virta, ASBESTOS, U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries, Page 29,

January 2008, http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/asbestos/mcs-2008-asbes.pdf

[Brackets added]

World Resources: The world has 200 million tons of identified resources of asbestos. U.S. [asbestos]resources are large but are composed mostly of short-fiber asbestos, for which use is more limited thanlong-fiber asbestos in asbestos-based products.

1.10 Many Substitutes

Robert L. Virta, ASBESTOS, U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries, Page 29,

January 2008, http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/asbestos/mcs-2008-asbes.pdf

Substitutes: Numerous materials substitute for asbestos in products. Substitutes include calciumsilicate, carbon fiber, cellulose fiber, ceramic fiber, glass fiber, steel fiber, wollastonite, and severalorganic fibers, such as aramid, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polytetrafluoroethylene. Severalnonfibrous minerals or rocks, such as perlite, serpentine, silica, and talc, are considered to be possibleasbestos substitutes for products in which the reinforcement properties of fibers were not required.

1.11 Current Exposure Short-Term

Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National

Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Revised Draft NIOSH CURRENT INTELLIGENCEBULLETIN, Asbestos Fibers and Other Elongated Mineral Particles: State of the Science and

Roadmap for Research, January 20, 2008, http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docket/pdfs/NIOSH-099b/099B-

040109AsbestosNAReviewDoc.pdf

In addition to evidence from OSHA and MSHA that indicate a reduction in occupational exposures inthe U.S. over the past several decades, other information compiled on workplace exposures to asbestosindicates that the nature of occupational exposures to asbestos has changed [Rice and Heineman 2003].Once dominated by chronic exposures in manufacturing process such as those used in textile mills,friction product manufacturing, and cement pipe fabrication, current occupational exposures to asbestosin the U.S. primarily occur during maintenance activities or remediation of buildings containingasbestos. These current occupational exposure scenarios frequently involve short-term, intermittentexposures.

1.12 There May be No Fix

Robert L. Virta, Asbestos: Geology, Mineralogy, Mining, and Uses , U.S. Department of the Interior,

U.S. Geological Survey[Prepared in cooperation with Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of ChemicalTechnology, Online Edition, Wylie-Interscience, a division of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY] ,

Open-File Report 02-149, 2002, http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-149/of02-149.pdf[Brackets added]

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http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/asbestos/mcs-2008-asbes.pdfhttp://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/asbestos/mcs-2008-asbes.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docket/pdfs/NIOSH-099b/099B-040109AsbestosNAReviewDoc.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docket/pdfs/NIOSH-099b/099B-040109AsbestosNAReviewDoc.pdfhttp://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-149/of02-149.pdfhttp://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/asbestos/mcs-2008-asbes.pdfhttp://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/asbestos/mcs-2008-asbes.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docket/pdfs/NIOSH-099b/099B-040109AsbestosNAReviewDoc.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docket/pdfs/NIOSH-099b/099B-040109AsbestosNAReviewDoc.pdfhttp://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-149/of02-149.pdf


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Despite the current bans[in other countries] and continued opposition to the use of asbestos, markets forasbestos probably will exist long into the future. Consumption can be expected to decline as substitutesand alternative products gain favor in the remaining world markets. This, however, is a process thatprobably will occur over a period of decades. Even then, there probably will remain specializedapplications for asbestos, particularly for matrix-based products.

1.13 Chrystolite Only Type Still Used

Types of Asbestos, Asbestos Resource Center, Copyright 2010, http://www.mesorc.com/asbestos-exposure/types-of-asbestos/

Chrysotile is the only type of asbestos still used today. It is less dusty and the human body can get ridof it more easily than it can get rid of the amphibole types of asbestos. Studies confirm that very fewcases of mesothelioma can be attributed to chrysotile.

2. Free Market Will Solve

2.1 Hairdryer Manufacturers Voluntarily Stopped Using it

Asbestos Exposure and Cancer Risk, National Cancer Institute, U.S. National Institutes of Health,

reviewed May 1, 2009, http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/asbestos

In the late 1970s, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) banned the use of asbestos in wallboard patching compounds and gas fireplaces

because the asbestos fibers in these products could be released into the environment during use. In addition, manufacturers of electrichairdryers voluntarily stopped using asbestos in their products in 1979. In 1989, the U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA) banned all new uses of asbestos; however, uses developed before 1989 are still allowed. The EPA also established regulations that requireschool systems to inspect buildings for the presence of damaged asbestos and to eliminate or reduce asbestos exposure to occupants by removing theasbestos or encasing it

3. Disadvantages

3.1 DA 1: Blackmarket

Link: Plan _________[Insert Bans or Regulates] Asbestos

Brink: Profit Can be Made

Price Increase Over the YearsRobert L. Virta, 2007 Minerals Yearbook Asbestos[Advance Release], U.S. Geological Survey, U.S.

Department of the Interior, August 2008,

http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/asbestos/myb1-2007-asbes.pdf

The average free alongside ship (f.a.s.) unit value of asbestos fiber exports and reexports was $517 permetric ton in 2007, an increase from $254 per ton in 2006. The average U.S. customs unit value for all

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http://www.mesorc.com/asbestos-exposure/types-of-asbestos/http://www.mesorc.com/asbestos-exposure/types-of-asbestos/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/asbestoshttp://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/asbestos/myb1-2007-asbes.pdfhttp://www.mesorc.com/asbestos-exposure/types-of-asbestos/http://www.mesorc.com/asbestos-exposure/types-of-asbestos/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/asbestoshttp://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/asbestos/myb1-2007-asbes.pdf


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grades of imported asbestos increased to $473 per ton in 2007 from $448 per ton in 2006. The averagevalue of imported crude chrysotile, all from Canada, was $175 per ton in 2007, a slight decrease from$180 per ton in 2006. The average unit value for imports of milled, grade 4 chrysotile was $2,170 perton in 2007, an increase from $2,080 per ton in 2006. The unit value of other grades of chrysotile, allfrom Canada and Zimbabwe, was $417 per ton in 2007, an increase from $292 perton in 2006 (table 5).

Impact: Blackmarket Invades Another AreaAsbestos already costs a large amount of money, and spiked when the regulations were put in place, so

lets just use common logic here: A ban, or another regulation, decreases the abundance of asbestos,which therefore increases it's value, therefore increasing the blackmarkets reach in yet another area.

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