Download - fofHkUu ekè;eksa osQ fy, ys[ku - eVirtualGuruevirtualguru.com/books/ncert/12class/+2 Hindi/Books/Abhivyakti Aur... · 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456

123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567

47

fofHkUu ekè;eksa osQ fy, ys[ku

3fofHkUu ekè;eksa osQfy, ys[ku

bl ikB esa---

4 izeq[k tulapkj ekè;e (¯izV] Vh-oh-] jsfM;ksvkSj baVjusV)tulapkj osQ fofHkUu ekè;eksa dh [kwfc;k¡ vkSj [kkfe;k¡

4 ¯izV ekè;eeqfnzr ekè;e esa ys[ku osQ fy, è;kuj[kus ;ksX; ckrsa

4 jsfM;ksjsfM;ks lekpkj dh lajpuk

4 jsfM;ks osQ fy, lekpkj ys[kuµcqfu;knh ckrsa4 Vsyhfo”ku

Vh-oh- [kcjksa osQ fofHkUu pj.k4 jsfM;ks vkSj Vsyhfo”ku lekpkj dh

Hkk"kk vkSj 'kSyh4 baVjusV

baVjusV i=kdkfjrkbaVjusV i=kdkfjrk dk bfrgklHkkjr esa baVjusV i=kdkfjrk

4 ¯gnh usV lalkj

[kcj fy[kuk cgqr gh jpukRed dkegks ldrk gSA mruk gh jpukRed]

ftruk dfork fy[kuk_ nksuksa dk mís';euq"; dks vkSj lekt dks rkdr igq¡pkukgSA [kcj esa ys[kd rF;ksa dks cny ughaldrk] ij nks ;k nks ls vf/d rF;ksaosQ esy ls vlfy;r [kksy ldrk gSA

&j?kqohj lgk;¯gnh osQ izeq[k dfo vkSj i=kdkj

,d u”kj esa---

fofHkUu tulapkj ekè;eksa osQ fy, ys[kuosQ vyx&vyx rjhosQ gSaA v[kckj vkSji=k&if=kdkvksa esa fy[kus dh vyx 'kSyhgS] tcfd jsfM;ks vkSj Vsyhfo”ku osQ fy,fy[kuk ,d vyx dyk gSA pw¡fd ekè;evyx&vyx gSa blfy, mudh ”k:jrsa Hkhvyx gSaA fofHkUu ekè;eksa osQ fy, ys[kuosQ vyx&vyx rjhdksa dks le>uk cgqr”k:jh gSA bu ekè;eksa osQ ys[ku ossQ fy,cksyus] fy[kus osQ vfrfjDr ikBdksa&JksrkvksavkSj n'kZdksa dh ”k:jr dks Hkh è;ku esaj[kk tkrk gSA

1234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456

123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789

48

vfHkO;fDr vkSj ekè;e

izeq[k tulapkj ekè;e (¯izV] Vh-oh-] jsfM;ks vkSj baVjusV)

mEehn gS fd vki fu;fer :i ls v[kckj i<+rs gksaxsA blosQ vykok euksjatu ;k lekpkj tkuusosQ fy, Vh-oh- Hkh ns[krs gksaxs vkSj jsfM;ks Hkh lqurs gksaxsA laHko gS fd vki dHkh&dHkkj baVjusVij Hkh lekpkj i<+rs] lqurs ;k ns[krs gksaA D;k vkius dHkh xkSj fd;k gS fd tulapkj osQ bulHkh izeq[k ekè;eksa esa] lekpkjksa osQ ys[ku vkSj izLrqfr esa D;k varj gS\ dHkh è;ku ls fdlh'kke ;k jkr dks Vh-oh- vkSj jsfM;ks ij flI+kZQ lekpkj lqfu, vkSj ekSdk feys rks baVjusV ijtkdj mUgha lekpkjksa dks fIkQj ls if<+,A vxys fnu lqcg v[kckj è;ku ls if<+,A vc crkb,fd bu lHkh ekè;eksa esa i<+s] lqus ;k ns[ks x, lekpkjksa dh ys[ku&'kSyh] Hkk"kk vkSj izLrqfr esavkidks D;k I+kQoZQ u”kj vk;k\ muesa dksbZ fo'ks"k varj gS Hkh ;k ugha\

fu'p; gh] bu lHkh ekè;eksa esa lekpkjksa dh ys[ku&'kSyh] Hkk"kk vkSj izLrqfr esa vkidks dbZvarj ns[kus dks feys gksaxsA lcls lgt vkSj vklkuh ls u”kj vkusokyk varj rks ;gh fn[kkbZ nsrkgS fd tgk¡ v[kckj i<+us osQ fy, gS] ogha jsfM;ks lquus osQ fy, vkSj Vh-oh- ns[kus osQ fy,”;knk egÙoiw.kZ gSA baVjusV ij i<+us] lquus vkSj ns[kus] rhuksa dh gh lqfoèkk gSA ”kkfgj gS fdv[kckj Nis gq, 'kCnksa dk ekè;e gS tcfd jsfM;ks cksys gq, 'kCnksa dkA

tulapkj osQ fofHkUu ekè;eksa osQ chp I+kQoZQ dks le>us osQ fy, lHkh ekè;eksa osQ ys[kudh ckjhfd;ksa dks le>uk ”k:jh gSA ysfdu bu ekè;eksa osQ chp osQ I+kQoZQ dks vki rHkh le>ldrs gSa tc vki gj ekè;e dh fo'ks"krkvksa] mldh [kwfc;ksa vkSj [kkfe;ksa ls ifjfpr gksaA gjekè;e dh viuh oqQN [kwfc;k¡ gSa rks oqQN [kkfe;k¡ HkhA [kcj fy[kus osQ le; gesa budk iwjkè;ku j[kuk iM+rk gS vkSj bu ekè;eksa dh ”k:jr dks le>uk iM+rk gSA

tulapkj osQ fofHkUu ekè;eksa dh [kwfc;k¡ vkSj [kkfe;k¡

tulapkj osQ fofHkUu ekè;eksa ls vkidks jks”k] de ;k ”;knk] lkcdk iM+rk gksxkA vxj vkilsiwNk tk, fd vki bu lHkh ekè;eksa esa lcls vfèkd fdls ilan djrs gSa vkSj D;ksa] rks vkidktokc D;k gksxk\ 'kk;n vki FkksM+k lksp esa iM+ tk,¡A vkidk mÙkj pkgs tks gks] bruk r; gS fdbl loky dk dksbZ ,d fuf'pr tokc ugha gSA laHko gS vkidks Vh-oh- ”;knk ilan gks vkSjvkiosQ nksLr dks jsfM;ksA vkidk nksLr jsfM;ks vius i<+us osQ dejs esa I+kqQjlr ls ;k oqQN vkSj dke

123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567

49


djrs gq, lqurk gksA blh rjg vkiosQ fdlh vkSj lkFkh dks i<+uk cgqr ilan gks vkSj mlosQ i+ qQjlrosQ {k.k v[kckj vkSj if=kdkvksa osQ lkFk xq”kjrs gksa tcfd vkidk dksbZ vU; nksLr baVjusV ijpS Vx djrs ;k oqQN vkSj i<+rs @ns[krs gq, mlh ls fpiosQ jguk ilan djrk gksA

”kkfgj gS lc dh viuh&viuh ilan gSA ysfdu lc dh ilan osQ ihNs oqQN dkj.k ”k:jgSaA vki ;k vkiosQ vU; nksLr vyx&vyx tulapkj ekè;eksa dks blfy, vfèkd ilan djrsgSa D;ksafd mudh fo'ks"krk,¡ ;k [kwfc;k¡] vkidh ;k vkiosQ vU; nksLrksa osQ fetk”k] #fp;ksa]”k:jrksa vkSj igq¡p osQ vuqowQy gSaA Li"V gS fd ge lc viuh&viuh #fp;ksa] ”k:jrksa vkSjLoHkko osQ eqrkfcd ekè;e pqurs vkSj mudk bLrseky djrs gSaA bldk vFkZ ;g Hkh gS fd gjekè;e dh viuh oqQN fo'ks"krk,¡ ;k [kwfc;k¡ gSa rks oqQN [kkfe;k¡ Hkh gSaA ftlosQ dkj.k dksbZekè;e&fo'ks"k fdlh dks vfèkd ilan vkrk gS rks fdlh dks deA

ysfdu bldk ;g vFkZ drbZ ugha gS fd tulapkj dk dksbZ ,d ekè;e lcls vPNk ;k csgrjgS ;k dksbZ ,d&nwljs ls derj gSA lc dh viuh oqQN [kwfc;k¡ vkSj [kkfe;k¡ gSaA tSls baæèkuq"k dhNVk vyx&vyx jaxksa osQ ,d lkFk vkus ls curh gS] oSls gh tulapkj osQ fofHkUu ekè;eksa dhvlyh 'kfDr muosQ ijLij iwjd gksus esa gSA tulapkj osQ fofHkUu ekè;eksa osQ chp I+kQoZQ pkgsftruk gks ysfdu os vkil esa izfr}a}h ugha cfYd ,d&nwljs osQ iwjd vkSj lg;ksxh gSaA

dgus dh ”k:jr ugha gS fd v[kckj esa lekpkj i<+us vkSj #ddj ml ij lkspus esa ,dvyx rjg dh larqf"V feyrh gS] tcfd Vh-oh- ij ?kVukvksa dh rlohjsa ns[kdj mldhthoarrk dk ,glkl gksrk gSA bl rjg dk jksekap v[kckj ;k baVjusV ij ugha fey ldrkA blhrjg jsfM;ks ij [kcjsa lqurs gq, vki ftruk mUeqDr gksrs gSa] mruk fdlh vkSj ekè;e esa laHkougha gSA mèkj] baVjusV varjfozQ;kRedrk (baVj,fDVfoVh) vkSj lwpukvksa osQ fo'kky HkaMkj dkvn~Hkqr ekè;e gS] cl ,d cVu nckb, vkSj lwpukvksa osQ vFkkg lalkj esa igq¡p tkb,A ftlHkh fo"k; ij vki tkuuk pkgsa] baVjusV osQ ”kfj;s ogk¡ igq¡p ldrs gSaA

;s lHkh ekè;e gekjh vyx&vyx ”k:jrksa dks iwjk djrs gSa vkSj bu lHkh dh gekjs nSfudthou esa oqQN u oqQN mi;ksfxrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd vyx&vyx ekè;e gksus osQ ckotwn buesals dksbZ lekIRk ugha gqvk vkSj bu lHkh ekè;eksa dk yxkrkj foLrkj vkSj fodkl gks jgk gSA

vkb, vc bu lHkh ekè;eksa dh vyx&vyx [kwfc;ksa vkSj [kkfe;ksa dks le>us dh dksf'k'k djsaA

¯izV ekè;e

¯izV ;kuh eqfær ekè;e tulapkj osQ vkèkqfud ekè;eksa esa lcls iqjkuk gSA vly esa vkèkqfud ;qxdh 'kq#vkr gh eqæ.k ;kuh NikbZ osQ vkfo"dkj ls gqbZA gkyk¡fd eqæ.k dh 'kq#vkr phu ls gqbZysfdu vkt ge ftl Nkis[kkus dks ns[krs gSa] blosQ vkfo"dkj dk Js; teZuh osQ xqVsucxZ dkstkrk gSA Nkik[kkuk ;kuh izsl osQ vkfo"dkj us nqfu;k dh rLkohj cny nhA ;wjksi esa iqutkZxj.k^jsuslk¡* dh 'kq#vkr esa Nkis[kkus dh vge Hkwfedk FkhA Hkkjr esa igyk Nkik[kkuk lu~ 1556 esaxksok esa [kqykA bls fe'kufj;ksa us èkeZ izpkj dh iqLrosaQ Nkius osQ fy, [kksyk FkkA rc ls vcrd eqæ.k rduhd esa dkI+kQh cnyko vk;k gS vkSj eqfær ekè;eksa dk O;kid foLrkj gqvk gSA

1234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456

123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789

50


eqfær ekè;eksa osQ rgr v[kckj] if=kdk,¡] iqLrosaQ vkfn gSaA gekjs nSfud thou esa budkfdruk egÙo gS] ;g nksgjkus dh ”k:jr ugha gSA eqfær ekè;eksa dh lcls cM+h fo'ks"krk ;k'kfDr ;g gS fd Nis gq, 'kCnksa esa LFkkf;Ro gksrk gSA mls vki vkjke ls vkSj èkhjs&èkhjs i<+ ldrsgSaA i<+rs gq, ml ij lksp ldrs gSaA vxj dksbZ ckr le> esa ugha vkbZ rks mls nksckjk ;k ftruhckj bPNk djs] mruh ckj i<+ ldrs gSaA

;gh ugha] vxj vki v[kckj ;k if=kdk i<+ jgs gksa rks vki viuh ilan osQ vuqlkj fdlhHkh i`"B vkSj ml ij izdkf'kr fdlh Hkh lekpkj ;k fjiksVZ ls i<+us dh 'kq#vkr dj ldrs gSaA,slh dksbZ ckè;rk ugha gS fd vki v[kckj igys i`"B vkSj igyh [kcj ls i<+uk 'kq: djsaA lkFkgh] eqfær ekè;eksa osQ LFkkf;Ro dk ,d ykHk ;g Hkh gS fd vki mUgsa yacs le; rd lqjf{krj[k ldrs gSa vkSj mls lanHkZ dh rjg bLrseky dj ldrs gSaA

eqfær ekè;eksa dh nwljh cM+h fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd ;g fyf[kr Hkk"kk dk foLrkj gSA ”kkfgj gSfd blesa fyf[kr Hkk"kk dh lHkh fo'ks"krk,¡ 'kkfey gSaA fyf[kr vkSj ekSf[kd Hkk"kk esa lcls cM+kvarj ;g gS fd fyf[kr Hkk"kk vuq'kklu dh ek¡x djrh gSA cksyus esa ,d Lor%LiwQrZrk gksrh gSysfdu fy[kus esa vkidks Hkk"kk] O;kdj.k] orZuh vkSj 'kCnksa osQ mi;qDr bLrseky dk è;ku j[kuk

ys[ku ls Nkis[kkus rd

123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567

51


oqQN orZeku lekpkji=kksa dk ,d dksyk”k

1234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456

123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789

52


iM+rk gSA ;gh ugha] vxj fy[ks gq, dks izdkf'kr gksuk gS ;kuh dkI+kQhyksxksa rd igq¡puk gS rks vkidks ,d izpfyr Hkk"kk esa fy[kuk iM+rk gSrkfd mls vfèkd ls vfèkd yksx le> ik,¡A

eqfær ekè;eksa dh rhljh fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd ;g ¯pru] fopkj vkSjfo'ys"k.k dk ekè;e gSA bl ekè;e esa vki xaHkhj vkSj xw<+ ckrsa fy[k ldrsgSa D;ksafd ikBd osQ ikl u flI+kZQ mls i<+us] le>us vkSj lkspus dk le;gksrk gS cfYd mldh ;ksX;rk Hkh gksrh gSA vly esa] eqfær ekè;eksa dk ikBdogh gks ldrk gS tks lk{kj gks vkSj ftlus vkSipkfjd ;k vukSipkfjd f'k{kkosQ ”kfj;s ,d fo'ks"k Lrj dh ;ksX;rk Hkh gkfly dh gksA

ysfdu eqfær ekè;eksa dh ;gh de”kksjh ;k lhek Hkh gSA fuj{kjksa osQ fy, eqfær ekè;efdlh dke osQ ugha gSaA lkFk gh] eqfær ekè;eksa osQ fy, ys[ku djus okyksa dks vius ikBdksaosQ Hkk"kk&Kku osQ lkFk&lkFk muosQ 'kSf{kd Kku vkSj ;ksX;rk dk fo'ks"k è;ku j[kuk iM+rk gSAblosQ vykok mUgsa ikBdksa dh #fp;ksa vkSj ”k:jrksa dk Hkh iwjk è;ku j[kuk iM+rk gSA eqfærekè;eksa dh ,d vkSj lhek ;g gS fd os jsfM;ks] Vh-oh- ;k baVjusV dh rjg rqjar ?kVh ?kVukvksadks lapkfyr ugha dj ldrsA ;s ,d fuf'pr vofèk ij izdkf'kr gksrs gSaA tSls v[kckj 24 ?kaVsesa ,d ckj ;k lkIRkkfgd if=kdk lIRkkg esa ,d ckj izdkf'kr gksrh gSA v[kckj ;k if=kdk esalekpkjksa ;k fjiksVZ dks izdk'ku osQ fy, Lohdkj djus dh ,d fuf'pr le;&lhek gksrh gS]ftls MsMykbu dgrs gSaA oqQN vioknksa dks NksM+dj le;&lhek lekIRk gksus osQ ckn dksbZ lkexzhizdk'ku osQ fy, Lohdkj ugha dh tkrhA blfy, eqfær ekè;eksa osQ ys[kdksa vkSj i=kdkjksa dksizdk'ku dh le;&lhek dk iwjk è;ku j[kuk iM+rk gSA

blh rjg eqfær ekè;eksa esa ys[kd dks txg (Lisl) dk Hkh iwjk è;ku j[kuk pkfg,A tSlsfdlh v[kckj ;k if=kdk osQ laiknd us vxj vkidks 250 'kCnksa esa fjiksVZ ;k I+kQhpj fy[kusdks dgk gS rks vkidks ml 'kCn lhek dk è;ku j[kuk iMs+xkA bldh otg ;g gS fd v[kckj;k if=kdk esa vlhfer txg ugha gksrhA lkFk gh mUgsa fofHkUu fo"k;ksa vkSj eqíksa ij lkexzhizdkf'kr djuh gksrh gSA egÙo vkSj txg dh miyCèkrk osQ vuqlkj os fuf'pr djrs gSa fdfdls fdruh txg feysxhA

eqfær ekè;e osQ ys[kd ;k i=kdkj dks bl ckr dk Hkh è;ku j[kuk iM+rk gS fd Niusls igys vkys[k esa ekStwn lHkh xyfr;ksa vkSj v'kqf¼;ksa dks nwj dj fn;k tk, D;ksafd ,d ckjizdk'ku osQ ckn og xyrh ;k v'kqf¼ ogha fpid tk,xhA mls lqèkkjus osQ fy, v[kckj ;kif=kdk osQ vxys vad dk bar”kkj djuk iMs+xkA ;gh dkj.k gS fd v[kckj ;k if=kdk esa;FkklaHko dksf'k'k dh tkrh gS fd dksbZ xyrh ;k v'kqf¼ u Ni tk,A blosQ fy,v[kckj @ if=kdkvksa esa laiknd osQ lkFk ,d iwjh laikndh; Vhe gksrh gS ftldh eq[;f”kEesnkjh izdk'ku osQ fy, tk jgh lkexzh ls xyfr;ksa vkSj v'kqf¼;ksa dks gVkdj mls izdk'ku;ksX; cukuk gSA

123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567

53


jsfM;ks

jsfM;ks JO; ekè;e gSA blesa lc oqQN èofu] Loj vkSj 'kCnksa dk [ksy gSA bu lc otgksa ls jsfM;ksdks Jksrkvksa ls lapkfyr ekè;e ekuk tkrk gSA jsfM;ks i=kdkjksa dks vius Jksrkvksa dk iwjk è;ku j[kukpkfg,A bldh otg ;g gS fd v[kckj osQ ikBdksa dks ;g lqfoèkk miyCèk jgrh gS fd os viuhilan vkSj bPNk ls dHkh Hkh vkSj dgha ls Hkh i<+ ldrs gSaA vxj fdlh lekpkj @ ys[k ;k I+kQhpjdks i<+rs gq, dksbZ ckr le> esa ugha vkbZ rks ikBd mls fIkQj ls i<+ ldrk gS ;k 'kCndks'k esa mldkvFkZ ns[k ldrk gS ;k fdlh ls iwN ldrk gSA ysfdu jsfM;ks osQ Jksrk dks ;g lqfoèkk miyCèk ughagksrhA og v[kckj dh rjg jsfM;ks lekpkj cqysfVu dks dHkh Hkh vkSj dgha ls Hkh ugha lqu ldrkAmls cqysfVu osQ izlkj.k le; dk bar”kkj djuk gksxk vkSj fIkQj 'kq: ls ysdj var rd ckjh&ckjh ls,d osQ ckn nwljk lekpkj lquuk gksxkA bl chp] og bèkj&mèkj ugha vk tk ldrk vkSj u gh mlosQikl fdlh xw<+ 'kCn ;k okD;ka'k osQ vkus ij 'kCndks'k dklgkjk ysus dk le; gksrk gSA vxj og 'kCndks'k esa vFkZ<wa¡<+us yxsxk rks cqysfVu vkxs fudy tk,xkA

Li"V gS fd jsfM;ks esa v[kckj dh rjg ihNs ykSVdjlquus dh lqfoèkk ugha gSA vxj jsfM;ks cqysfVu esa oqQN HkhHkzked ;k v#fpdj gS rks laHko gS fd Jksrk rqjar LVs'kucan dj nsA njvly] jsfM;ks ewyr% ,djs[kh; (yhfu;j)ekè;e gS vkSj jsfM;ks lekpkj cqysfVu dk Lo:i] <k¡pkvkSj 'kSyh bl vkèkkj ij gh r; gksrk gSA jsfM;ks dh rjgVsyhfo”ku Hkh ,djs[kh; ekè;e gS ysfdu ogk¡ 'kCnksa vkSjèofu;ksa dh rqyuk esa n';ksa @ rLkohjksa dk egÙo lokZfèkdgksrk gSA Vh-oh- esa 'kCn n';ksa osQ vuqlkj vkSj muosQlg;ksxh osQ :i esa pyrs gSaA ysfdu jsfM;ks esa 'kCn vkSjvkok”k gh lc oqQN gSA

eqfær ekè;eksa esa ys[ku osQ fy, è;ku j[kus ;ksX; ckrsa

1- ys[ku esa Hkk"kk]O;kdj.k] orZuh vkSj'kSyh dk è;ku j[kuk”k:jh gSA izpfyrHkk"kk osQ iz;ksx ij”kksj jgrk gSA

2- le;&lhek vkSjvkoafVr txg osQvu q' k klu dkikyu djuk gjgky esa ”k:jh gSA

3- ys[ku vkSjizdk'ku osQchp xyfr;ksavkSj v'kqf¼;ksadk s Bhddjuk ”k:jhgksrk gSA

4- ys[ku esa lgtizokg osQ fy,rkjrE;rk cuk,j[kuk ”k:jh gSA

1234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456

123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789

54


oSls rks rhuks gh ekè;eksaµ¯izV] jsfM;ks vkSj Vh-oh- dh viuh&viuh pqukSfr;k¡ gSa ysfdu laHkor%jsfM;ks izlkj.kdrkZvksa osQ fy, vius Jksrkvks dks ck¡èkdj j[kus dh pqukSrh lcls dfBu gSA

jsfM;ks lekpkj dh lajpuk

jsfM;ks osQ fy, lekpkj ys[ku v[kckjksa ls dbZ ekeyksa esa fHkUu gSA pw¡fd nksuksa ekè;eksa dhizÑfr vyx&vyx gS] blfy, lekpkj ys[ku djrs gq, mldk è;ku ”k:j j[kk tkuk pkfg,A

jsfM;ks lekpkj dh lajpuk v[kckjksa ;k Vh-oh- dh rjg myVk fijkfeM (baoVsZM fijkfeM)'kSyh ij vkèkkfjr gksrh gSA pkgs vki fdlh Hkh ekè;e osQ fy, lekpkj fy[k jgs gksa] lekpkjys[ku dh lcls izpfyr] izHkkoh vkSj yksdfiz; 'kSyh myVk fijkfeM&'kSyh gh gSA lHkh rjg osQtulapkj ekè;eksa esa lcls vfèkd ;kuh 90 izfr'kr [kcjsa ;k LVksjh”k blh 'kSyh esa fy[kh tkrhgSaA

myVk fijkfeM&'kSyh esa lekpkj osQ lcls egÙoiw.kZ rF; dks lcls igys fy[kk tkrkgS vkSj mlosQ ckn ?kVrs gq, egÙoØe esa vU; rF;ksa ;k lwpukvksa dks fy[kk ;k crk;k tkrkgSA bl 'kSyh esa fdlh ?kVuk @ fopkj @ leL;k dk C;ksjk dkykuqØe osQ ctk, lclsegÙoiw.kZ rF; ;k lwpuk ls 'kq: gksrk gSA rkRi;Z ;g fd bl 'kSyh esa] dgkuh dh rjgDykbesDl var esa ugha cfYd [kcj osQ fcYkoqQy 'kq: esa vk tkrk gSA myVk fijkfeM 'kSyhesa dksbZ fu"d"kZ ugha gksrkA

myVk fijkfeM 'kSyh osQ rgr lekpkj dks rhu fgLlksa esa foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gSµbaVªks]ckWMh vkSj lekiuA lekpkj osQ baVªks ;k yhM dks ¯gnh esa eq[kM+k Hkh dgrs gSaA blesa [kcj osQewy rÙo dks 'kq: dh nks ;k rhu iafDr;ksa esa crk;k tkrk gSA ;g [kcj dk lcls vge fgLlkgksrk gSA blosQ ckn ckWMh esa lekpkj osQ foLr`r C;ksjs dks ?kVrs gq, egÙoØe esa fy[kk tkrkgSA gkyk¡fd bl 'kSyh esa vyx ls lekiu tSlh dksbZ ph”k ugha gksrh vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd izklafxdrF; vkSj lwpuk,¡ nh tk ldrh gSa] vxj ”k:jh gks rks le; vkSj txg dh deh dks ns[krsgq, vkf[kjh oqQN ykbuksa ;k iSjkxzkI+kQ dks dkVdj gVk;k Hkh tk ldrk gS vkSj ml fLFkfr esa[kcj ogha lekIRk gks tkrh gSA

jsfM;ks lekpkj osQ ,d baVªks ij xkSj dhft,µmÙkj izns'k osQ mUuko f”kys esa ,d clnq?kZVuk esa vkt chl yksxksa dh ekSr gks xbZA e`rdksa esa ik¡p efgyk,¡ vkSj rhu cPPks'kkfey gSaA

,d vkSj mnkgj.k nsf[k,µ egkjk"Vª esa ck<+ dk ladV xgjkrk tk jgk gSA jkT; esa ck<+ls ejusokyksa dh la[;k c<+dj pkj lkS iSalB gks xbZ gSA

jsfM;ks osQ fy, lekpkj ys[kuµcqfu;knh ckrsa

jsfM;ks osQ fy, lekpkj dkWih rS;kj djrs gq, oqQN cqfu;knh ckrksa dk è;ku j[kuk cgqr ”k:jh gSA(d) lkI+kQ&lqFkjh vkSj VkbIM dkWihµjsfM;ks lekpkj dkuksa osQ fy, ;kuh lquus osQ fy,

gksrs gSa] blfy, muosQ ys[ku esa bldk è;ku j[kuk ”k:jh gks tkrk gSA ysfdu ,d egÙoiw.kZ

123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567

55


rF; ugha Hkwyuk pkfg, fd lqus tkus ls igys lekpkj okpd ;k okfpdk mls i<+rs gSa vkSjrc og Jksrkvksa rd igq¡prk gSA blfy, lekpkj dkWih ,sls rS;kj dh tkuh pkfg, fd mls i<+usesa okpd@okfpdk dks dksbZ fnDdr ugha gksA vxj lekpkj dkWih VkbIM vkSj lkI+kQ&lqFkjh ughagS rks mls i<+us osQ nkSjku okpd@okfpdk osQ vVdus ;k xyr i<+us dk [krjk jgrk gS vkSjblls Jksrkvksa dk è;ku c¡Vrk gS ;k os Hkzfer gks tkrs gSaA

izlkj.k osQ fy, rS;kj dh tk jgh lekpkj dkWih dks oaQI;wVj ij fVªiy Lisl esa Vkbi fd;ktkuk pkfg,A dkWih osQ nksuksa vksj i;kZIRk gkf'k;k NksM+k tkuk pkfg,A ,d ykbu esa vfèkdre12&13 'kCn gksus pkfg,A iafDr osQ vkf[kj esa dksbZ 'kCn foHkkftr ugha gksuk pkfg, vkSj i`"BosQ vkf[kj esa dksbZ ykbu vèkwjh ugha gksuh pkfg,A izR;sd ykbu esa fdrus 'kCn gSa] bl ckjs esa,d lqlaxrrk gksus ls cqysfVu osQ laiknd dks ;g r; djus esa lqfoèkk gksrh gS fd oqQy 'kCnla[;k osQ vkèkkj ij fdruh [kcjsa ysuh gSa vkSj fdl [kcj dks fdruk cM+k ysuk gSA lekpkjdkWih esa ,sls tfVy vkSj mPPkkj.k esa dfBu 'kCn] laf{kIRkk{kj (,czhfo;s'kal)] vad vkfn ughafy[kus pkfg, ftUgsa i<+us esa ”kcku yM+[kM+kus yxsA

vadksa dks fy[kus osQ ekeys esa [kkl lkoèkkuh j[kuh pkfg,A tSlsµ,d ls nl rd osQvadksa dks 'kCnksa esa vkSj 11 ls 999 rd vadksa esa fy[kk tkuk pkfg,A ysfdu 2837550fy[kus osQ ctk; vêòkbl yk[k lSarhl g”kkj ik¡p lkS ipkl fy[kk tkuk pkfg, vU;Fkkokpd @ okfpdk dks i<+us esa cgqr eqf'dy gksxhA bls ges'kk è;ku esa j[kuk pkfg,A blh rjgv[kckjksa esa % vkSj $ tSls laosQr fpÉkas ls dke py tkrk gS ysfdu jsfM;ks esa ;g iwjh rjgo£tr gS ;kuh izfr'kr vkSj MkWyj fy[kk tkuk pkfg,A tgk¡ Hkh laHko vkSj mi;qDr gks]n'keyo dks mlosQ u”knhdh iw.kk±d esa fy[kuk csgrj gksrk gSA blh rjg 2837550 #i, dksjsfM;ks esa yxHkx vêòkbl yk[k #i, fy[kuk Jksrkvksa dks le>kus osQ fygk”k ls csgrj gSA blrjg dh foÙkh; la[;kvksa dks muosQ u”knhdh iw.kk±d esa fy[kuk pkfg,A ysfdu blosQ oqQNviokn Hkh gSaA tSls [ksyksa osQ Ldksj dks mlh rjg fy[kuk pkfg,A lfpu rsanqydj us vxj98 ju cuk, gSa rks mls yxHkx lkS ju ugha fy[k ldrsA blh rjg eqækLiQhfr osQ vk¡dM+su”knhdh iw.kk±d esa ugha cfYd n'keyo esa gh fy[ks tkus pkfg,A

oSls jsfM;ks lekpkj esa vR;fèkd vk¡dM+kas vkSj la[;k dk bLrseky ugha djuk pkfg, D;ksafdJksrkvksa osQ fy, mUgsa le> ikuk dkI+kQh dfBu gksrk gSA vk¡dM+s rqyukRed gksa rks csgrj gksrkgSA bl lky xsgw¡ dk mRiknu fiNys o"kZ osQ 80 yk[k Vu ls c<+dj 86 yk[k Vu gksx;k gS dh rqyuk esa bl lky xsgw¡ dk mRiknu fiNys o"kZ dh rqyuk esa lk<+s lkr I+kQhlnhc<+dj 86 yk[k Vu igq¡p x;k gS ”;knk laisz"k.kh; gSA jsfM;ks lekpkj dHkh Hkh la[;k lsugha 'kq: gksuk pkfg,A blh rjg frfFk;ksa dks mlh rjg fy[kuk pkfg, tSls ge cksypky esabLrseky djrs gSaµ15 vxLr mUuhl lkS ipklh u fd vxLr 15] 1985 A

([k) MsMykbu] lanHkZ vkSj laf{kIRkk{kj dk iz;ksxµjsfM;ks esa v[kckjksa dh rjgMsMykbu vyx ls ugha cfYd lekpkj ls gh xq¡Fkh gksrh gSA ge bldh ppkZ igys dj pqosQgSaA blh rjg lekpkj esa le; lanHkZ dk elyk Hkh egÙoiw.kZ gSA v[kckj fnu esa ,d ckj vkSjog Hkh lqcg (vkSj dgha 'kke) Nidj vkrk gS tcfd jsfM;ks ij pkSchlksa ?kaVs lekpkj pyrs jgrs

1234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456

123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789

56


gSaA Jksrk osQ fy, le; dk iszQe ges'kk vkt gksrk gSA blfy, lekpkj esa vkt] vkt lqcg] vktnksigj] vkt 'kke] vkt rM+osQ vkfn dk bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA blh rjg ---cSBd dy gksxh;k ---dy gqbZ cSBd esa--- dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA blh lIRkkg] vxys lIRkkg] fiNys lIRkkg]bl eghus] vxys eghus] fiNys eghus] bl lky] fiNys lky] vxys lky] vxys cqèkokj ;kfiNys 'kqØokj dk bLrseky djuk pkfg,A

laf{kIRkk{kjksa osQ bLrseky esa dkI+kQh lkoèkkuh cjruh pkfg,A csgrj rks ;gh gksxk fd muosQiz;ksx ls cpk tk, vkSj vxj ”k:jh gks rks lekpkj osQ 'kq: esa igys mls iwjk fn;k tk,] fIkQjlaf{kIRkk{kj dk iz;ksx fd;k tk,A laf{kIRkk{kjksa osQ iz;ksx osQ nkSjku ;g ns[kk tkuk pkfg, fd ogfdruk yksdfiz; gSA tSls MCY;wVhvks] ;wfulsI+kQ] lkoZQ] vkbZlhvkbZlhvkbZ cSad dk bLrseky lhèksHkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA

Vsyhfo”ku

tc ge Vsyhfo”ku ys[ku dh ckr djrs gSa rks ;g lkI+kQ gS fd blesa n';ksa dh vgfe;r lcls”;knk gSA ;g dgus dh ”k:jr ugha fd Vsyhfo”ku ns[kus vkSj lquus dk ekè;e gS vkSj blosQ fy,lekpkj ;k vkys[k (fLØIV) fy[krs le; bl ckr ij [kkl è;ku j[kus dh ”k:jr iM+rh gS fdvkiosQ 'kCn ijns ij fn[kus okys n'; osQ vuqowQy gksaA vHkh rd geus ¯izV vkSj jsfM;ks ekè;eosQ fy, ys[ku dh 'krks± dh ppkZ dh ysfdu Vsyhfo”ku ys[ku bu nksuksa gh ekè;eksa ls dkI+kQh vyxgSA blesa de ls de 'kCnksa esa ”;knk ls ”;knk [kcj crkus dh dyk dk bLrseky gksrk gSA

blfy, Vh-oh- osQ fy, [kcj fy[kus dh cqfu;knh 'krZ n`'; osQ lkFk ys[ku gSA n`'; ;kuhoSQejs ls fy, x, 'kkWV~l] ftuosQ vkèkkj ij [kcj cquh tkuh gSA vxj 'kkWV~l vkleku osQ gSa rksge vkleku dh ckr fy[ksaxs] leanj dh ughaA vxj dgha vkx yxh gqbZ gS rks ge mldk f”kØ

xfrfofèknwjn'kZu U;w”k vkSj dksbZ ,d futh lekpkj pSuytSls vktrd] ,uMhVh-oh-&bafM;k] LVkj U;w”k;k th U;w”k vkfn osQ jkr 9 cts osQ cqysfVu],d fnu dk varj nsdj yxkrkj nks lIRkkg rdnsf[k,A tSls ,d fnu MhMh U;w”k nsf[k, rksvxys fnu dksbZ futh lekpkj pSuyA nksuksa osQlekpkj cqysfVu osQ dysoj vkSj izLrqfr dhrqyuk djrs gq, 200 'kCnksa dh ,d fjiksVZ rS;kjdhft,A vius f'k{kd osQ lkFk d{kk esa ppkZdhft,A

123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567

57


djsaxs ikuh dk ughaA eku ysa fd fnYyh dh fdlh bekjr esa vkx yxus dh [kcj fy[kuh gSAv[kckj esa vkerkSj ij bl [kcj dk baVªks oqQN bl rjg dk cu ldrk gSµfnYyh osQ yktiruxj dh ,d nqdku esa vkt 'kke vkx yxus ls nks yksx ?kk;y gks x, vkSj yk[kksa #i,dh laifÙk tydj jk[k gks xbZA ;s vkx 'kkWVZ lfoZQV dh otg ls yxhA

ysfdu Vh-oh- esa bl [kcj dh 'kq#vkr oqQN vyx gksxhA njvly Vsyhfo”ku ij [kcjnks rjg ls is'k dh tkrh gSA bldk 'kq#vkrh fgLlk] ftlesa eq[; [kcj gksrh gS] cxSj n`'; osQU;w”k jhMj ;k ,adj i<+rk gSA nwljk fgLlk og gksrk gS tgk¡ ls ijns ij ,adj dh txg [kcjls lacafèkr n`'; fn[kk, tkrs gSaA blfy, Vsyhfo”ku ij [kcj nks fgLlksa esa c¡Vh gksrh gSA vxj[kcjksa osQ izLrqfrdj.k osQ rjhdksa ij ckr djsa rks blosQ Hkh dbZ rduhdh igyw gSaA

fI+kQygky ge fnYyh esa vkx dh ftl [kcj dh ppkZ dj jgs gSa] mls Vh-oh- esa is'k djusosQ rjhdksa ij ckr djrs gSaA v[kckj esa ftl rjg dk baVªks geus fy[kk mls Vh-oh- esa ,d ,adjlwpuk osQ rkSj ij lcls igys i<+rk gS ysfdu vxj vkx yxus osQ n`'; gekjs ikl gSa rksizkjafHkd lwpuk osQ ckn ge bls bl rjg fy[k ldrs gSaµvkx dh ;s yiVsa lcls igys 'kkepkj cts fn[kha] fIkQj rs”kh ls iSQy xbZ---A fu'p; gh] bl [kcj dh blls Hkh csgrj 'kq#vkrgks ldrh gSa] ysfdu n`'; osQ lkFk c¡èks gksus dh 'krZ gj [kcj ij ykxw gksxhA

njvly Vsyhfo”ku osQ fy, ys[ku dbZ rjhosQ ls gksrk gSA pw¡fd Vsyhfo”ku ij [kcj is'kdjus osQ rjhdksa esa yxkrkj cnyko vk jgk gS blfy, bls fy[kus osQ rjhosQ Hkh yxkrkj cnyjgs gSaA bls le>us osQ fy, ”k:jh gS fd ge Vh-oh- ij fn[kkbZ tkus okyh [kcjksa osQ izpfyr<k¡ps ;k iQkWesZV dks le>saA

Vh-oh- [kcjksa osQ fofHkUu pj.k

fdlh Hkh Vh-oh- pSuy ij [kcj nsus dk ewy vkèkkj ogh gksrk gS tks ¯izV ;k jsfM;ks i=kdkfjrkosQ {ks=k esa izpfyr gS ;kuh lcls igys lwpuk nsukA Vh-oh- eas Hkh ;g lwpuk,¡ dbZ pj.kksa lsgksdj n'kZdksa osQ ikl igq¡prh gSaA ;s pj.k gSaµ

4 Ý+yS'k ;k czs oQx U;w”k4 MªkbZ ,adj4 I+kQksu&bu4 ,adj&foTkqvy4 ,adj&ckbV4 ykbo4 ,adj&iSosQt

Ý+yS'k ;k czs dx U;w”kµlcls igys dksbZ cM+h [kcj Ý+ yS'k ;k czs dx U;w”k osQ :i easrRdky n'kZdkas rd igq¡pkbZ tkrh gSA blesa de ls de 'kCnksa esa eg”k lwpuk nh tkrh gSA

MªkbZ ,adjµblesa ,adj [kcj osQ ckjs esa n'kZdksa dks lhèks&lhèks crkrk gS fd dgk¡] D;k] dcvkSj oSQls gqvkA tc rd [kcj osQ n`'; ugha vkrs ,adj] n'kZdksa dks fjiksVZj ls feyh tkudkfj;ksaosQ vkèkkj ij lwpuk,¡ igq¡pkrk gSA

1234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456

123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789

58


I+kQksu&buµblosQ ckn [kcj dk foLrkj gksrk gS vkSj ,adj fjiksVZj ls I+kQksu ij ckr djosQlwpuk,¡ n'kZdksa rd igq¡pkrk gSA bleas fjiksVZj ?kVuk okyh txg ij ekStwn gksrk gS vkSj ogk¡ lsmls ftruh ”;knk ls ”;knk tkudkfj;k¡ feyrh gSa] og n'kZdksa dks crkrk gSA

,adj&fotqvyµtc ?kVuk osQ n`'; ;k fotqvy fey tkrs gSa rc mu n`';ksa osQ vkèkkjij [kcj fy[kh tkrh gS] tks ,adj i<+rk gSA bl [kcj dh 'kq#vkr Hkh izkjafHkd lwpuk ls gksrhgS vkSj ckn esa oqQN okD;ksa ij izkIr n`'; fn[kk, tkrs gSaA

,adj&ckbVµckbV ;kuh dFkuA Vsyhfo”ku i=kdkfjrk esa ckbV dk dkI+kQh egÙo gSAVsyhfo”ku esa fdlh Hkh [kcj dks iq"V djus osQ fy, blls lacafèkr ckbV fn[kkbZ tkrh gSA fdlh?kVuk dh lwpuk nsus vkSj mlosQ n`'; fn[kkus osQ lkFk gh bl ?kVuk osQ ckjs esa izR;{knf'kZ;ksa;k lacafèkr O;fDRk;ksa dk dFku fn[kk vkSj lqukdj [kcj dks izkekf.kdrk iznku dh tkrh gSA

ykboµykbo ;kuh fdlh [kcj dk ?kVukLFky ls lhèkk izlkj.kA lHkh Vh-oh- pSuy dksf'k'kdjrs gSa fd fdlh cM+h ?kVuk osQ n`'; rRdky n'kZdksa rd lhèks igq¡pk, tk losaQA blosQ fy,ekSosQ ij ekStwn fjiksVZj vkSj oSQejkeSu vks-ch- oSu osQ ”kfj;s ?kVuk osQ ckjs esa lhèks n'kZdksa dksfn[kkrs vkSj crkrs gSaA

,adj&iSosQtµiSosQt fdlh Hkh [kcj dks laiw.kZrk osQ lkFk is'k djus dk ,d ”kfj;k gSA blesalacafèkr ?kVuk osQ n';] blls tqM+s yksxksa dh ckbV] xzkfI+kQd osQ ”kfj;s ”k:jh lwpuk,¡ vkfn gksrh gSaA

Vsyhfo”ku ys[ku bu reke :iksa dks è;ku eas j[kdj fd;k tkrk gSA tgk¡ tSlh ”k:jr gksrhgS] ogk¡ oSls okD;ksa dk bLrseky gksrk gSA 'kCn dk dke n`'; dks vkxs ys tkuk gS rkfd ognwljs n`';ksa ls tqM+ losQ] mlesa fufgr vFkZ dks lkeus ykuk gS] rkfd [kcj osQ lkjs vk'k; [kqylosaQA

vdlj Vh-oh- ij [kcj fy[kus dh ,d izpfyr 'kSyh fn[kkbZ iM+rh gSA igyk okD; n`';osQ o.kZu ls 'kq: gksrk gSA tSlsµfnYyh osQ jkeyhyk eSnku esa gks jgh ;s lHkk---A ;k fIkQj>hy esa Nykax yxkrs cPPks---A

bl izpfyr 'kSyh esa vklkuh ;g gS fd fcuk fdlh dYiuk'khyrk osQ Vh-oh- fjiksfV±x dkcqfu;knh vuq'kklu] ;kuh n`'; ij ys[ku fuHk tkrk gS] ysfdu blesa 'kCnksa dh Hkwfedk csekuhgks tkrh gSA n'kZd tks viuh vk¡[k ls ns[k jgk gS] mls nqgjkus dk dksbZ I+kQk;nk ugha gSA dksbZdYiuk'khy fjiksVZj bUgha n`';ksa dks vius 'kCnksa ls ”;knk cM+s ek;us ns ldrk gSA tSlsµfnYyhosQ jkeyhyk eSnku esa gks jgh bl lHkk esa yksx yk, ugha x, gSa] viuh e”khZ ls vk,gSa ;k fIkQj >hy esa Nykax yxkrs cPPkksa osQ 'kkWV~l osQ lkFk fy[kk tk ldrk gSµbu fnuksa rs”kxjeh ls futkr ikus dk ,d rjhdk ;s Hkh gS---A

vxj osysaVkbu Ms lsfycsz'ku dh [kcj ysuh gks vkSj ,d&nwljs dks cèkkbZ nsus dk dksbZ 'kkWVgks rks bls dbZ rjhosQ ls fy[kk tk ldrk gSA bls izpfyr rjhosQ esa bl izdkj fy[kk tk ldrkgS fd osysaVkbu Ms ij ,d&nwljs dks cèkkbZ nsrs ;s Nk=k---A nwljk rjhdk bldks fdlh vFkZls tksM+us dk gSA ;gha ls fjiksVZj dh n`f"V lfØ; gksrh gS vkSj mldh viuh le> Hkh fn[kkbZnsrh gSA og fy[k ldrk gSµHkkjrh; lekt esa vk, bl u, pyu ls yksx [kq'k Hkh gSa vkSjnq[kh Hkh--- ;k fIkQj ;g u;h vkèkqfudrk ijaijkokfn;ksa dks jkl ugha vk jgh---A

123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567

59


ysfdu Vh-oh- flI+kZQ n`'; vkSj 'kCn ugha gksrk] chp esa gksrh gSa èofu;k¡A Vh-oh- esa n`'; vkSj'kCnµ;kuh fo”kqvy vkSj okW;l vksoj (ohvks) osQ lkFk nks rjg dh vkok”ksa vkSj gksrh gSaA ,drks os dFku ;k ckbV tks [kcj cukus osQ fy, bLrseky fd, tkrs gSa vkSj nwljh os izkÑfrdvkok”ksa tks n`'; osQ lkFk&lkFk pyh vkrh gSaµ;kuh fpfM+;ksa dk pgpgkuk ;k fIkQj xkfM+;ksa osQxq”kjus dh vkok”k ;k fIkQj fdlh dkj[kkus esa fdlh e'khu osQ pyus dh èofuA

Vh-oh- osQ fy, [kcj fy[krs gq, bu nksuksa rjg dh vkok”kksa dk è;ku j[kuk ”k:jh gSAigyh rjg dh vkok”k ;kuh dFku ;k ckbV dk rks [kSj è;ku j[kk gh tkrk gSA vdlj Vh-oh- dh [kcj ckbV~l osQ vklikl gh cquh tkrh gSA ysfdu ;g dke i;kZIRk lkoèkkuh lsfd;k tkuk pkfg,A dFkuksa ls [kcj rks curh gh gS] Vh-oh- osQ fy, mldk I+kQkWeZ Hkh curkgSA ckbV flI+kZQ fdlh dk c;ku Hkj ugha gksrs ftUgsa [kcj osQ chp mldh iqf"VHkj osQ fy,Mky fn;k tkrk gSA og nks okW;l vksoj ;k n`';ksa dk varjky Hkjus osQ fy, Ikqy dk Hkhdke djrk gSA

ysfdu Vh-oh- esa flI+kZQ ckbV ;k okW;l vksoj ugha gksrs] vkSj Hkh èofu;k¡ gksrh gSaA muèofu;ksa ls Hkh [kcj curh gS ;k mldk fetk”k curk gSA blfy, fdlh [kcj dk okW;l vksojfy[krs gq, mlesa 'kkWV~l osQ eqrkfcd èofu;ksa osQ fy, xqatkb'k NksM+ nsuh pkfg,A Vh-oh- esa ,slhèofu;ksa dks usV ;k usV lkmaM ;kuh izkÑfrd vkok”ksa dgrs gSaµ;kuh oks vkok”ksa tks 'kwV djrsgq, [kqn&c&[kqn pyh vkrh gSaA tSls fjiksVZj fdlh vkanksyu dh [kcj yk jgk gks ftlesa [kwcukjs yxs gksaA og vxj flI+kZQ bruk crkdj fudy tkrk gS fd mlesa dbZ ukjs yxs vkSj mlosQckn fdlh usrk dh ckbV dk bLrseky dj ysrk gS rks ;g vPNh [kcj dk uewuk ughadgyk,xkA mls os ukjs yxrs gq, fn[kkuk gksxk vkSj bldh xqatkb'k vius ohvks esa NksM+uh gksxhA

èofu;ksa osQ lkFk&lkFk ,sls n`';ksa osQ varjky Hkh [kcj eas mi;ksxh gksrs gSaA tSls fdlh fØosQVeSp dh [kcj esa okW;l vksoj [kRe gksus osQ ckn Hkh oqQN nsj rd eSnku esa 'kkWV~l pyrs jgsarks n'kZd dks vPNk yxrk gSA ;kuh ,slh [kcjsa fy[krs gq, Hkk"kk esa cgqr lcz dh ”k:jr gksrhgSA fjiksVZj lkjh ckrsa [kqn crk nsuk pkgrs gSa] tcfd ”;knk csgrj ;s gksrk gS fd n`'; vkSjèofu;k¡ Hkh cksysaA NksVs&NksVs okD;ksa vkSj lqxfBr laiknu ls Vh-oh- dh vPNh [kcj f[kydjvkrh gSA

jsfM;ks vkSj Vsyhfo”ku lekpkj dh Hkk"kk vkSj 'kSyh

njvly] fdlh Hkh rjg osQ ys[ku dk dksbZ i+ QkewZyk ugha gks ldrkµjsfM;ks vkSj Vh-oh-i=kdkfjrk dk Hkh ughaA iz;ksx'khyrk Hkk"kk dks Hkh le`¼ djrh gS vkSj ekè;e dks HkhAjsfM;ks vkSj Vh-oh- vke vkneh osQ ekè;e gSaA Hkkjr tSls fodkl'khy ns'k esa mlosQ JksrkvksavkSj n'kZdksa esa i<+s&fy[ks yksxksa ls fuj{kj rd vkSj eè;e oxZ ls ysdj fdlku&e”knwj rdlHkh gSaA bu lHkh yksxksa dh lwpuk dh ”k:jrsa iwjh djuk gh jsfM;ks vkSj Vh-oh- dk mís';gSA ”kkfgj gS fd yksxksa rd igq¡pus dk ekè;e Hkk"kk gS vkSj blfy, Hkk"kk ,slh gksuh pkfg,fd og lHkh dks vklkuh ls le> esa vk losQ ysfdu lkFk gh Hkk"kk osQ Lrj vkSj xfjek osQlkFk dksbZ le>kSrk Hkh u djuk iM+sA

;

1234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456

123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789

60


bl dkj.k gekjk ;g nkf;Ro gS fd ge vkilh cksypky esa ftl Hkk"kk dk bLrseky djrsgSa] mlh rjg dh Hkk"kk dk bLrseky jsfM;ks vkSj Vh-oh- lekpkj esa Hkh djsaA ljy Hkk"kk fy[kusdk lcls csgrj mik; ;g gS fd okD; NksVs] lhèks vkSj Li"V fy[ks tk,¡A vly esa] tc vki[kqn fdlh ph”k dks Bhd ls le> ugha ikrs rks mls tfVy rjhosQ ls fy[krs gSaA blfy, vkitc Hkh dksbZ [kcj fy[k jgs gksa rks igys mldh izeq[k ckrksa dks Bhd ls le>us dh dksf'k'kdhft, vkSj mlosQ ckn lksfp, fd vxj vkidks ;g [kcj vius ekrk&firk] NksVh cgu vkSjlgikBh dks crkuh gksrh rks oSQls crkrs\

jsfM;ks vkSj Vh-oh- esa vki fdruh ljy] laisz"k.kh; vkSj izHkkoh Hkk"kk fy[k jgs gSa] ;g tk¡pusdk ,d csgrj rjhdk ;g gS fd vki lekpkj fy[kus osQ ckn mls cksy&cksydj i<sa+A blizfØ;k esa vkidks Lo;a ;g vglkl gks tk,xk fd Hkk"kk esa fdruk izokg gS] mls i<+us esalekpkj okpd @ okfpdk ;k ,adj dks dksbZ fnDdr rks ugha gksxh] ;k mls lHkh yksx vklkuhls le> rks tk,¡xs\

jsfM;ks vkSj Vh-oh- lekpkj esa Hkk"kk vkSj 'kSyh osQ Lrj ij dkI+kQh lkoèkkuh cjruh iM+rh gSA,sls dbZ 'kCn gSa ftudk v[kckjksa esa èkM+Yys ls bLrseky gksrk gS ysfdu jsfM;ks vkSj Vh-oh- esa muosQiz;ksx ls cpk tkrk gSA tSls fuEufyf[kr] mijksDr] vèkksgLrk{kfjr vkSj Øekad vkfn 'kCnksa dk iz;ksxbu ekè;eksa eas fcYkoqQy euk gSA blh rjg }kjk 'kCn osQ bLrseky ls Hkh cpus dh dksf'k'k dh tkrhgS D;ksafd bldk iz;ksx dbZ ckj cgqr Hkzked vFkZ nsus yxrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy, bl okD; ijxkSj dhft,µiqfyl }kjk pksjh djrs gq, nks O;fDr;ksa dks idM+ fy;k x;kA blosQ ctk;iqfyl us nks O;fDr;ksa dks pksjh djrs gq, idM+ fy;kA ”;knk Li"V gSA

blh rjg rFkk] ,oa] vFkok] o] ¯drq] ijarq] ;Fkk vkfn 'kCnksa osQ iz;ksx ls cpuk pkfg, vkSjmudh txg vkSj] ;k] ysfdu vkfn 'kCnksa dk bLrseky djuk pkfg,A lkI+kQ&lqFkjh vkSj ljy

Hkk"kk fy[kus osQ fy, xSj”k:jhfo'ks"k.kksa] lkekfld vkSj rRle'kCnksa] vfrjaftr miekvksa vkfnls cpuk pkfg,A buls Hkk"kkdbZ ckj cksf>y gksus yxrh gSAeqgkojksa osQ bLrseky ls Hkk"kkvkd"kZd vkSj izHkkoh curh gSAblfy, mudk iz;ksx gksuk pkfg,Aysfdu eqgkojks a dk bLrsekyLokHkkfod vkSj tgk¡ ”k:jh gks]ogha gksuk pkfg, vU;Fkk os Hkk"kkosQ LokHkkfod izokg dks ckfèkrdjrs gSaA

xfrfofèk

us'kuy pSuy ij izlkfjr jkr ukS cts osQ lekpkj cqysfVu dks è;ku lsnsf[k, vkSj lqfu,A ns[ks vkSj lqus x, lekpkj esa ckbV] ok;l vksoj vkSjusV dks vyx dj fy[ksa vkSj vxys fnu d{kk esa bl ij ppkZ djsaA

123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567

61


Hkk"kk dks lkI+kQ j[kus osQ oqQN tkus&igpkus uqL[ks gSaA ,d rks okD; NksVs&NksVs gksaA ,d okD;esa ,d gh ckr dgus dk èkhjt gksA okD;ksa esa rkjrE; ,slk gks fd oqQN VwVrk ;k NwVrk gqvk uyxsA nwljh ckr ;g fd 'kCn izpfyr gksa vkSj mudk mPPkkj.k lgtrk ls fd;k tk losQAØ;&foØ; dh txg [kjhn&fcØh] LFkkukarj.k dh txg rcknyk vkSj iafDr dh txgdrkj Vh-oh- esa lgt ekus tkrs gSa] ;kuh oSls 'kCn tks cksypky osQ djhc gksa] muls fo}rk u>yosQ] cfYd viuk lgt iM+ksl fn[kkbZ iM+sA

baVjusV

baVjusV i=kdkfjrk] vkWuykbu i=kdkfjrk] lkbcj i=kdkfjrk ;k osc i=kdkfjrkA bls vki oqQN Hkhdg yhft,A vki bls pkgs tks dgsa] u;h ih<+h osQ fy, vc ;g ,d vknr&lh curh tk jghgSA tks yksx baVjusV osQ vH;Lr gSa] ;k ftUgsa pkSchlksa ?kaVs baVjusV dh lqfoèkk miyCèk gS] mUgsavc dkx”k ij Nis gq, v[kckj mrus rk”ks vkSj euHkkou ugha yxrsA mUgsa gj ?kaVs&nks&?kaVs esa[kqn dks viMsV djus dh yr yxrh tk jgh gS!

Hkkjr esa oaQI;wVj lk{kjrk dh nj cgqr rs”kh ls c<+ jgh gSA ilZuy oaQI;wVj bLrsekydjusokyksa dh la[;k esa Hkh yxkrkj b”kkI+kQk gks jgk gSA gj lky djhc 50&55 I+kQhlnh dh jÝ+ rkjls baVjusV dusD'kuksa dh la[;k c<+ jgh gSA mldh otg ;g gS fd baVjusV ij vki ,d gh>VosQ esa >qejhryS;k ls ysdj gksuksywyw rd dh [kcjsa i<+ ldrs gSaA nqfu;kHkj dh ppkZvksa&ifjppkZvksaesa 'kjhd gks ldrs gSa vkSj v[kckjksa dh iqjkuh iQkbysa [kaxky ldrs gSaA

lcls igys ;g Li"V dj nsuk ”k:jh gS fd baVjusV flI+kZQ ,d Vwy ;kuh vkS”kkj gS] ftlsvki lwpuk] euksjatu] Kku vkSj O;fDrxr rFkk lkoZtfud laoknksa osQ vknku&iznku osQ fy,bLrseky dj ldrs gSaA ysfdu baVjusV tgk¡ lwpukvksa osQ vknku&iznku dk csgrjhu vkS”kkj gS]ogha og v'yhyrk] nq"izpkj vkSj xanxh iSQykus dk Hkh ”kfj;k gSA baVjusV ij i=kdkfjrk osQ Hkhnks :i gSaA igyk rks baVjusV dk ,d ekè;e ;k vkS”kkj osQ rkSj ij bLrseky] ;kuh [kcjksa osQlaizs"k.k osQ fy, baVjusV dk mi;ksxA nwljk] fjiksVZj viuh [kcj dks ,d txg ls nwljh txg rdbZesy osQ ”kfj;s Hkstus vkSj lekpkjksa osQ ladyu] [kcjksa osQ lR;kiu vkSj iqf"Vdj.k esa Hkh bldkbLrseky djrk gSA fjlpZ ;k 'kksèk dk dke rks baVjusV us csgn vklku dj fn;k gSA Vsyhfo”ku ;kvU; lekpkj ekè;eksa esa [kcjksa osQ cSdxzkmaMj rS;kj djus ;k fdlh [kcj dh i"BHkwfe rRdkytkuus osQ fy, tgk¡ igys <sj lkjh v[kckjh drjuksa dh I+kQkbyksa dks <w¡<+uk iM+rk Fkk] ogha vktpan feuVksa esa baVjusV fo'oO;kih latky osQ Hkhrj ls dksbZ Hkh cSdxzkmaMj ;k i"BHkwfe [kksth tkldrh gSA ,d tekuk Fkk tc Vsyh¯izVj ij ,d feuV esa 80 'kCn ,d txg ls nwljh txgHksts tk ldrs Fks] vkt fLFkfr ;g gS fd ,d lsosaQM esa 56 fdyksckbV ;kuh yxHkx 70 g”kkj'kCn Hksts tk ldrs gSaA

1234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456

123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789

62


¯gnh d

h tkudkjh osQ fy, ,d

oscl

kbV

123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567

63


baVjusV i=kdkfjrk

,d ekè;e osQ rkSj ij ;g rks gqvk baVjusV dk bLrsekyftlosQ I+kQk;nksa ls 'kk;n gh dksbZ badkj djsA ysfdu blsbaVjusV i=kdkfjrk ugha dgk tk ldrk gSA baVjusV ijv[kckjksa dk izdk'ku ;k [kcjksa dk vknku&iznku ghokLro esa baVjusV i=kdkfjrk gSA baVjusV ij ;fn ge]fdlh Hkh :i esa [kcjksa] ys[kksa] ppkZ&ifjppkZvksa] cglksa]I+kQhpj] >yfd;ksa] Mk;fj;ksa osQ ”kfj;s vius le; dhèkM+duksa dks eglwl djus vkSj ntZ djus dk dke djrsgSa rks ogh baVjusV i=kdkfjrk gSA vkt reke izeq[kv[kckj iwjs osQ iwjs baVjusV ij miyCèk gSaA dbZ izdk'kulewgksa us vkSj dbZ futh oaQifu;ksa us [kqn dks baVjusVi=kdkfjrk ls tksM+ fy;k gSA pw¡fd ;g ,d vyx ekè;egS] blfy, bl ij i=kdkfjrk dk rjhdk Hkh FkksM+k&lkvyx gSA

baVjusV i=kdkfjrk dk bfrgkl

vkb, vc ,d u”kj fo'o Lrj ij baVjusV i=kdkfjrk osQ Lo:i vkSj fodkl ij Mkyrs gSaAfo'o Lrj ij bl le; baVjusV i=kdkfjrk dk rhljk nkSj py jgk gSA igyk nkSj Fkk 1982ls 1992 rd tcfd nwljk nkSj pyk 1993 ls 2001 rdA rhljs nkSj dh baVjusV i=kdkfjrk2002 ls vc rd dh gSA igys pj.k esa baVjusV [kqn iz;ksx osQ èkjkry ij Fkk] blfy, cM+sizdk'ku lewg ;g ns[k jgs Fks fd oSQls v[kckjksa dh mifLFkfr lqij baiQkWesZ'ku&gkbZos ij ntZgksA

rc ,vks,y ;kuh vesfjdk vkWuykbu tSlh oqQN pfpZr oaQifu;k¡ lkeus vkb±A ysfdu oqQyfeykdj ;g iz;ksxksa dk nkSj FkkA lPPks vFkks± esa baVjusV i=kdkfjrk dh 'kq#vkr 1983 ls 2002osQ chp gqbZA bl nkSj esa rduhd osQ Lrj ij Hkh baVjusV dk ”kcjnLr fodkl gqvkA u;h oscHkk"kk ,pVh,e,y (gkbij VsDLV ekDMZvi ySaXost) vkbZ] baVjusV bZesy vk;k] baVjusV,DlIyksjj vkSj usVLosQi uke osQ czkmtj (og vkS”kkj ftlosQ ”kfj;s fo'oO;kih tky esa xksrsyxk, tk ldrs gSa) vk,A bUgksaus baVjusV dks vkSj Hkh lqfoèkklaiUu vkSj rs”k&jÝ+ rkj cuk fn;kAbl nkSj esa yxHkx lHkh cM+s v[kckj vkSj Vsyhfo”ku lewg fo'o tky esa vk,A ^U;w;kWoZQVkbEl*] ^ok¯'kxVu iksLV*] ^lh,u,u*] ^chchlh* lfgr reke cM+s ?kjkuksa us vius izdk'kuksa]izlkj.kksa osQ baVjusV laLdj.k fudkysA nqfu;kHkj esa bl chp baVjusV dk dkI+kQh foLrkj gqvkA U;wehfM;k osQ uke ij MkWVdkWe oaQifu;ksa dk mI+kQku vk;kA ftls ns[kks] ogh baVjusV vkSj MkWVdkWe

oSQls vkrh gSa rjaxsa

1234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456

123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789

64


dh ckr djus yxkA yksx jkrksajkr vehj cuus dk [okc ns[kus yxsA blfy, ftruh rs”kh osQlkFk ;g mI+kQku vk;k Fkk] mruh gh rs”kh osQ lkFk bldk cqycqyk iwQVk HkhA lu~ 1996 ls 2002osQ chp vosQys vesfjdk esa gh ik¡p yk[k yksxksa dks MkWVdkWe dh ukSdfj;ksa ls gkFk èkksuk iM+kAfo"k; lkexzh vkSj i;kZIRk vkfFkZd vkèkkj osQ vHkko esa ”;knkrj MkWVdkWe oaQifu;k¡ can gks xb±Aysfdu ;g Hkh lgh gS fd cMs+ izdk'ku lewgksa us bl nkSj esa Hkh [kqn dks fdlh rjg tek, j[kkApw¡fd tulapkj osQ {ks=k esa lfØ; yksx ;g tkurs Fks fd vkSj pkgs tks gks] lwpukvksa osQvknku&iznku osQ ekè;e osQ rkSj ij baVjusV dk dksbZ tokc ughaA blfy, bldh izklafxdrkges'kk cuh jgsxhA blfy, dgk tk jgk gS fd baVjusV i=kdkfjrk dk 2002 ls 'kq: gqvk rhljknkSj lPPks vFkks± esa fVdkÅ gks ldrk gSA

Hkkjr esa baVjusV i=kdkfjrk

Hkkjr esa baVjusV i=kdkfjrk dk vHkh nwljk nkSj py jgk gSA Hkkjr osQ fy, igyk nkSj 1993ls 'kq: ekuk tk ldrk gS tcfd nwljk nkSj lu~ 2003 ls 'kq: gqvk gSA igys nkSj esa gekjs ;gk¡Hkh iz;ksx gq,A MkWVdkWe dk rwI+kQku vk;k vkSj cqycqys dh rjg iwQV x;kA varr% ogh fVosQ jgik, tks ehfM;k m|ksx esa igys ls gh fVosQ gq, FksA vkt i=kdkfjrk dh n`f"V ls ^VkbEl vkWI+kQbafM;k*] ^fganqLrku VkbEl*] ^bafM;u ,Dlizsl*] ^fganw*] ^fVªC;wu*] ^LVsV~leSu*] îkW;fu;j*]^,uMhVh-oh-*] ^vkbZch,u*] ^th U;w”k*] ^vktrd* vkSj ^vkmVyqd* dh lkbVsa gh csgrj gSaA^bafM;k VqMs* tSlh oqQN lkbVsa Hkqxrku osQ ckn gh ns[kh tk ldrh gSaA tks lkbVsa fu;fer viMsVgksrh gSa] muesa ^¯gnw*] ^VkbEl vkWI+kQ bafM;k*] ^vkmVyqd*] ^bafM;u ,Dliszl*] ^,uMhVh-oh-*]^vktrd* vkSj ^th U;w”k* izeq[k gSaA

ysfdu Hkkjr esa lPPks vFkks± esa ;fn dksbZ osc i=kdkfjrk dj jgk gS rks og ^jhfMI+kQMkWVdkWe*] ^bafM;kbaiQksykbu* o ^lhiQh* tSlh oqQN gh lkbVsa gSaA jhfMI+kQ dks Hkkjr dh igyhlkbV dgk tk ldrk gS tks oqQN xaHkhjrk osQ lkFk baVjusV i=kdkfjrk dj jgh gSA osc lkbV ijfo'kq¼ i=kdkfjrk 'kq: djus dk Js; ^rgydk MkWVdkWe* dks tkrk gSA

¯gnh usV lalkj

vc ¯gnh dh ckr djsaA ¯gnh esa usV i=kdkfjrk ôsc nqfu;k* osQ lkFk 'kq: gqbZA bankSj osQ u;hnqfu;k lewg ls 'kq: gqvk ;g iksVZy ¯gnh dk laiw.kZ iksVZy gSA blosQ lkFk gh fganh osQ v[kckjksaus Hkh fo'otky esa viuh mifLFkfr n”kZ djkuh 'kq: dhA ^tkxj.k*] ^vej mtkyk*] û;hnqfu;k*] ^fgUnqLrku*] ^HkkLdj*] ^jktLFkku if=kdk*] ûoHkkjr VkbEl*] îzHkkr [kcj* o ^jk"Vªh;lgkjk* osQ osc laLdj.k 'kq: gq,A îzHkklk{kh* uke ls 'kq: gqvk v[kckj] ¯izV :i esa u gksdjflI+kZQ baVjusV ij gh miyCèk gSA vkt i=kdkfjrk osQ fygk”k ls ¯gnh dh loZJs"B lkbV chchlhdh gSA ;gh ,d lkbV gS tks baVjusV osQ ekunaMksa osQ fglkc ls py jgh gSA osc nqfu;k us 'kq:esa dkI+kQh vk'kk,¡ txkbZ Fkha] ysfdu èkhjs&èkhjs LVkiQ vkSj lkbV dh viMs Vx esa dVkSrh dh tkusyxh ftlls i=kdkfjrk dh og rk”kxh tkrh jgh tks 'kq: esa u”kj vkrh FkhA

¯gnh osctxr dk ,d vPNk igyw ;g Hkh gS fd blesa dbZ lkfgfR;d if=kdk,¡ py jghgSaA vuqHkwfr] vfHkO;fDr] ¯gnh usLV] ljk; vkfn vPNk dke dj jgs gSaA ;gh ugha] ljdkj osQ

123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567123456789012345671234567890123456712345678901234567

65

fofHkUu ekè;eksa osQ fy, ys[kuvH;

klreke ea=kky;] foHkkx] lkoZtfud miØe vkSj cSadksa us Hkh vius ¯gnh vuqHkkx 'kq: fd, gSatks Hkys gh vkt rduhdh mis{kk osQ f'kdkj gSa ysfdu mudk MkVk csl rks rS;kj gks gh jgkgSA varr% ;s lc feydj ¯gnh dh vkWuykbu i=kdkfjrk dk ekxZ iz'kLr djsaxsA

oqQy feykdj ¯gnh dh osc i=kdkfjrk vHkh vius 'kS'ko dky esa gh gSA lcls cM+h leL;k¯gnh osQ I+kQkSaV dh gSA vHkh Hkh gekjs ikl dksbZ ,d ^dh&cksMZ* ugha gSA Mk;ufed I+kQkSaV dhvuqiyCèkrk osQ dkj.k ¯gnh dh ”;knkrj lkbVsa [kqyrh gh ugha gSaA vc ekbØkslkWÝ+ V vkSjoscnqfu;k us ;wfudkM I+kQkSaV cuk, gSaA ysfdu ;s Hkh [kkl yksdfiz; ugha gks ik jgs gSaA ¯gnh txrtc rd ¯gnh osQ csyxke I+kQkSaV lalkj ij fu;a=k.k ugha yxk,xk vkSj ^dh&cksMZ* dk ekudhdj.kugha djsxk] rc rd ;g leL;k cuh jgsxhA

ikB ls laokn1- uhps fn, x, iz'uksa osQ mÙkj osQ fy, pkj&pkj fodYi fn, x, gSaA lVhd

fodYi ij (ü) dk fu'kku yxkb,µ

(d) baVjusV i=kdkfjrk vktdy cgqr yksdfiz; gS D;ksafdµ4 blls n`'; ,oa ¯izV nksuksa ekè;eksa dk ykHk feyrk gSA4 blls [kcjsa cgqr rhoz xfr ls igq¡pkbZ tkrh gSA4 blls [kcjksa dh iqf"V rRdky gksrh gSA4 blls u osQoy [kcjksa dk laizs"k.k] iqf"V] lR;kiu gksrk gS cfYd

[kcjksa osQ cSdxzkmaMj rS;kj djus esa rRdky lgk;rk feyrh gSA

([k) Vh-oh- ij izlkfjr [kcjksa esa lcls egÙoiw.kZ gSµ4 fotqvy 4 usV4 ckbV 4 mi;qZDr lHkh

(x) jsfM;ks lekpkj dh Hkk"kk ,slh gksµ4 ftlesa vke cksypky osQ 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx gks4 tks lekpkj okpd vklkuh ls i<+ losQ4 ftlesa vke cksypky dh Hkk"kk osQ lkFk&lkFk lVhd eqgkojksa dk

bLrseky gks4 ftlesa lkekfld vkSj rRle 'kCnksa dh cgqyrk gks

2- fofHkUu tulapkj ekè;eksaµ¯izV] jsfM;ks] Vsyhfo”ku] baVjusV ls tqM+h ik¡p&ik¡p[kwfc;ksa vkSj [kkfe;ksa dks fy[krs gq, ,d rkfydk rS;kj djsaA

65

1234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456123456789012345612345678901234561234567890123456

123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789

66


vH;

kl

66

3- baVjusV i=kdkfjrk lwpukvksa dks rRdky miyCèk djkrk gS] ijarq blosQ lkFk gh mlosQ oqQNnq"ifj.kke Hkh gSaA mnkgj.k lfgr Li"V dhft,A

4- Jksrkvksa ;k ikBdksa dks ck¡èkdj j[kus dh n`f"V ls izV ekè;e] jsfM;ks vkSj Vh-oh- esa ls lclsl'kDr ekè;e dkSu gSa\ i{k&foi{k esa roZQ nsaA

5- uhps fn, x, fp=kksa dks è;ku ls ns[ksa vkSj buosQ vkèkkj ij Vh-oh- osQ fy, rhu vFkZiw.kZlaf{kIr fLØIV fy[ksaA

Download - fofHkUu ekè;eksa osQ fy, ys[ku - eVirtualGuruevirtualguru.com/books/ncert/12class/+2 Hindi/Books/Abhivyakti Aur... · 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456

Top Related