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NEPHROPATHY IN DIABETES

MELLITUS

PROJECT WORK

Dissertation submitted to

ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of

Master of Science in Biochemistry

By

-----Reg.No.

PG & ResearchDepartment of Biochemistry

ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITYANNAMALAI NAGAR-608 002

APRIL 2012


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ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY

PG & RESEARCH DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY

Reg.No.

PROJECT WORK

Certificated that this is the bonafied record of the project work done

by Miss.---------- of II M.Sc., at the PG & Research Department of

Biochemistry, K.M.G. College of Arts and Science. R.S.Road Gudiyatham.

During 2011-2012

Head of the Department Signature of the Guide

Submitted for M.Sc., degree project work evolution held on ... at

the PG & Research Department of Biochemistry. Annamalai University

Annamalai Nagar-608 002.

Examiners

1.

Date: 2.


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DECLARATION

I here by declare that the dissertation entitled NEPHROPATHY IN

DIABETES MELLITUS submitted for the degree of MASTER OF

SCIENCE IN BIOCHEMISTRY is my original work and dissertation has not

formed the basic for the award of any Degree/ Diploma/

Associateship/Fellowship of similar other titles. It has not been submitted to

any other University or Institution for the award of Degree or Diploma.

Signature of the Guide Signature of the candidate

ABBREVIATIONS

ACE - Angiotensin Converting Enzyme LIST OF CONTENTS


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CHAPTER

NO.TITLE PAGE NO.

1. INTRODUCTION 12. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 8

3. DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY 9

4. AIM & OBJECTIVES 22

5. MATERIALS AND METHODS 23

6. RESULTS 39

7. DISCUSSION 50

8. SUMMARY 53

9. CONCLUSION 55

10. BIBLIOGRAPHY 56

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE

NO.

TITLE PAGE NO.

1. AGE DISTRIBUTION 39

2. SEX 41

3. FAMILY HISTORY 42

4. DURATION 43


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5. PERSONAL HABITS 44

6. BLOOD PRESSURE 45

7. BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL 46

8. LIPID PROFILE 47

9. MICROALBUMINURIA 4810. CREATININE & ALBUMIN

CREATITINE RATIO

49

ACEI - Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor

ACR - Albumin Creatinine Ratio

ARBs - Angiotensin Receptor Blocker

ESRD - End Stage Renal Disease

HDL - High Density Lipoprotein

LDL - Low Density Lipoprotein

T.CHOL - Total Cholesterol

TGL - Triglycerides


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VLDL - Very low Density Lipoprotein


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express My Sincere thanks to the Chairman KALVITHANTHAI

Thiru.K.M.GOVINDARAJAN, Vice Chairman Thiru.

K.M.G.BALASUBRAMANIAN, Secretary Thiru. K.M.G.RAJENDIRAN,

B.Sc,. M.L., K.M.G.MUTHUKUMAR B.Com., Joint managing Trustee.

I extend my gratitude to our Principal Dr. D.GAJAPATHY, Ph.D.,

D.H.Ed., K.M.G. College of Arts and Science, R.S Road, Gudiyattam,

Vellore District, Who helped us by providing a good infrastructure for

completing my original work.

I feel immensely grateful to express my gratitude to my respected Guide

Mr.G.RAGHUVARMAN. M.Sc., M.Phil., P.G.D.M.L.T., Department of

Bio-chemistry, K.M.G. College of Arts and Science, Gudiyattam, for his

kindly help during the course of the project work.

I express my sincere thanks to Dr.R.BABUJANARTHANAM, M.Sc.,

M.Phil., Ph.D.,Head of the Department of Biochemistry K.M.G COLLEGE

OF Arts and Science, Gudiyattam, for his kindly help during the project work.

I express my thanks to All My Staff Members of Department of

Biochemistry.


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It is my pleasure to convey my whole hearty gratitude to my parents

Mr.S.JAYAKUMAR, Mrs.J.SARASWATHY, my brother Mr.J.VIGNESH

B.E., my Uncle K.SAMPATH., my sisterJ.VANITHA,M.Sc., and my whole

family who had made invaluable sacrifice encouraged and blessed me to

succeed in my efforts.

I acknowledged with great pleasure co-operation by my friends

Ms.S.SARANYA, M.Sc,. D.M.L.T., M.MADHUMATHY,B.Sc Nursing.,

throughout my project work.

Here I would bring into the notice of the help provided by

Mr.GOPI, B.Sc., Mr.BALUPRAKASH, I.T.I.,and A.KUMARESH. B.Sc.,

B-Tech., EXCEL BROWSE POINT, for their timely help during my project

work.

I finally thank LORD ALMIGHTY for showing his blessing on me

and for guiding me in all endeavours.

J.VIDHYA


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