dr. maximilian martin - bgc¨v± b‡kvbwg – 2014, · †cvkvk wk‡íi †ukmb f¨vjy †pbb...

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Dr. Maximilian Martin, Bgcv BKvbwg

2014

Bengali Edition /

Dr. Maximilian Martin - Bgcv BKvbwg 2014, cvkvK wki UKmB fvjy PBb mw: wk icvi welqK GKwU msw iPbv

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2014 - ii


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Martin, Maximilian

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2014 - iii

http://www.impacteconomy.com/


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2014 - iv


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2014 - v


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2014 - Page 2 of 44


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2014 - Page 3 of 44

http://www.impacteconomy.com/en/primer2.php


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2014 - Page 4 of 44


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2014 - Page 5 of 44


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2014 - Page 6 of 44


Pxb : wejvwmZv Ges fwelZi eng cvkvKi evRvi19

Pxb cvkvKi evRvi mcmvwiZ nQ Ges AvMvgx eQijvZ Zv weki eng cvkvKi evRvi wnme Mo DVQ| eZgvb BDivcxq BDwbqb cvkvK ivwbi w`K w`q Pxb kxl| 2010 mvj BBD-15 Gi cvkvK Avg`vwbi kZKiv 24 fvM Pxb _K GmQ, hv 2000 mvj _K kZKiv 9.6 fvM ew cqQ,dj Pxbi cvkvK wk `kwUi mvgvwRK I A_bwZK cwiw wZi cwieZb evcK f~wgKv ivLQ|20 Pxbi RbmvaviY weMZ lvU eQi hver evcK A_bwZK cew I bMivqb DcfvM KiQ, gawe I DP wei ga Z cwieZb nQ, Gi dj 2025 mvji ga Pxbi RbmsLvi kZKiv 75 fvM Gi viv DcKZ ne| GB fvv hvì wewfb aibi èi Pvwn`v AvQ, Gi ga GjIGBPGGm Aski mv_ mswk RbMvxI Afy, Abygvb Kiv nQ AevnZfve Gi Dvb ne| 21 GQvovI wcivwgWi Mvovq Ges abx Pxbv fvvì evBii fvvì Pvwn`v geagvb AvKvi ew cvQ, hnZz j j Pxbv RbMY `wi` Aev _K ei nq AvmQ| diPzb Gwkqvi MelKiv `LQb h, Pxb e I cvkvK wk AbKUv Qovb-wQUvbv Ae vq iqQ, miKvwi gvwjKvbvaxb wk QvovI AbK Drcv`bKvix AvQ, GZ cPzi myhvM mw nqQ, hvi dj Gi GKxfZ nIqv weklfve cqvRb| GKRb kxl vbxq wbevnx ge KiQb h : wk eo cwZvbi Afve GKwU myhvM| 22 Rvbv MQ, gvwKbm G Kvvwb Pxbv fvvì mgxv Ki RbQ h, GgbwK 2008 mvji Zzjbvq cwiavbi Rb Zwi cvkvKi evmg~ni bvg 2010 mvj wY cwigvY cwiwPwZ cvq| 23 KwcGgwR KZK Kiv 2012 mvj GKwU Rwic wbwZ nIqv MQ h, fvvì ga ev bvgi cwiPq AevnZfve ew cvQ, hfve fvviv wejvm èi cwZ iZ w`q hvQb|24 Pxbv fvviv DP gvbi cY Ges Gi g~ji mv_ mKi welq PvjvK nQb Ges dj AvRvwZKfve mycwiwPZ ev q Kivi mgq GKwU iZc~Y welq nq| 25 Gi dj we`kx cwZvbmg~n Pxbv evRvi ceki Rb yB fve AvMnx| c_gZ: Pxbi wejvm ei evRvi mcmvwiZ nQ Ges Zv 2015 mvji ga weki gvU wejvm e wewi kZKiv 20 fvM (27 wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi) ne| 26Ggb GKwU evRvi nvZQvov Kivi Rb cwgv cwZvb mg~n SzuwK be bv, wKsev GUv Ggb Kvb GKwU welq bq hLvb Pxbv fvvì wejvm ei cwZ iwP I GjIGBPGGm Gi AMvwaKvii evcvi Z eabkxj cwZvbjv mvov è bv| GBme fvv wekl Ki Zvì cvPzh c kb KiZ vQ` eva Ki Ges wejvm è q Kiv cQ` Ki| cwgv cwZvbmg~ni `wiZ cwZwqv `Lvbvi Pq ZvovZvwo cwZwqv `Lvbvi welqwU Z ew cvQ, g~jZ GB KviY h Pxbv miKvi mcwZ evwni hvIqvibxwZ NvlYv KiQ, `kwUi evivZg cevwlKx cwiKbvi Ask wnmve| 27 GB wgwU we`kx evRvi ceki j Kiv nqQ, hvZ evw` wew I Drcb Kivi Rb evRvi mcmvwiZ nq, AfixY welqi AvjvK hgb: AwZwi mvg_ , LiP ew, AfixY evRvi Pvwn`vi Zv, cwiekMZ wewa-wbla, Pxbv gy`vi gvb ew Ges

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2014 - Page 7 of 44


3.1 wek cUf~wgZ Zv I Drcv`bKvix

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wP: cvkvK wki fvjy PBb 31

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2014 - Page 8 of 44


weki eng Dbqbkxj Drcv`bKvix `kjv njv Pxb, evsjv`k, fviZ I Zzi| A wKQy w`b evcK cewi ci evsjv`k eZgvb weki wZxq eng Drm wnmve cwiwPwZ cvQ| GB wkwU eZgvb 20 kZvsk wRwWwc ARb KiQ| gvU ivwb Avqi 80 kZvsk Avq nq GB wk _K Ges GZ 40 jvLiI AwaK Rbkwi mivmwi Kgms vb nQ|35 cvkvK wkB njv evsjv`ki wRwWwc cewi g~j PvwjKv kw| Avkv Kiv nQ 2010 mvji chvq _K 2015 mvji ga Gi Avq wY nq hve Ges 2020 Gi ga wZbY ne| ev e `wY Gwkqv njv Gi Ae`vb, PvKzix I evwYRi Rb GKwU bZ vbxq Drcv`bKvix| `wY Gwkqvi `kmg~n wekl Ki evsjv`k, fviZ, B`vbwkqv, wfqZbvg, cvwK vb I kxjsKv wek evRvi GK Acii mv_ cwZwZv Ki| weMZ `kK `wY Gwkqvi e I cvkvK cY wek ivwbZ DjLhvM cwigvY ew cqQ| GB wkwU weMZ wk eQi Gi AwaKvsk Drcv`bB Dbqbkxj `kmg~n vbvi KiQ, Ges Kg Avqi `kjv eZgvb weki cvkvK ivwbi Pvi fvMi wZbfvM c~iY KiQ|36

Rvcvb: Adkvwis Ges dv dvkb wece

Rvcvb njv weki e I cvkvK wki AbZg enr KgK| `kwU AvU kZvsk Avg`vwb (fvMKZ ei cwigvYi)Ki Ges evRvii AvKvi Abyhvqx Zv BBD Ges gvwKb hyivi ci ZZxq vb AvQ| 37 ZvQvov, HwZnMZfve Rvcvb DuPz gvbi e I cvkvK Drcv`b ee v cwZv KiQ| AwfRvZ cwgv evi Ggb wKQz GZ ewk DPzu gvbi è cqvRb nq h Zviv mjv Rvcvb _KB Avb Zvi g~j hvB nvK bv Kb| ZvmI, vbxq wk mvgvbB wewbqvM Kiv nq Ges Zv Ab mwiq bevi cwqv i nqQ| GB welqwU AviI RwUj nqQ hLb eZgvb Rvcvwb dvkb wk Pxbi Dci _K wbfikxjZv Kwgq AvbQ, hvi ga AvQ AvbygvwbK 90 kZvsk cvkvK Avg`vwb|38 GB welqwU GB KviY nQ h cavbZ Pxbi kwgKì Drcv`b gRywi ew cvIqvq Ges meZ Rvcvb I Pxbi ga fL wbq weivai KviY eix mK Zwi nIqvq| GUv AvwjK mieivn jvBb Ges Drcv`bi gZvq eo aibi cfve djZ cvi| Rvcvb njv Pxbi wbKU _K cvkvK Avg`vwbi weki wZxq eng `k| `wYc~e Gwkqvi `kjv _K Gi Avg`vwbi nvi 7 kZvsk| Rvcvbi KkjMZ wfwi KviY GB `kjv ivwb wY ev wZbY KiZ cvi, dj BDivcxqvb I AvgwiKvi Zv hviv Gwkqv _K Avg`vwb Ki Zvì Dci Pvc Zwi nZ cvi| Aviv GKwU welq hv weePbvi `vex ivL Zv njv Rvcvwb fvvì iwP I cQì cwieZb nQ| hgb: BDwbKjv (Uniqlo) bvg GKwU kxl vbxq Rvcvwb cvkvK c ZKvix cwZvb eZgvb Gwkqvi eng cvkvK weZv PBb| BDwbKjv wKQy wKQy Kg`vgx cY wewi cwZ gbvhvM w`qQ| Rbve Zv`vwk Bqvwbqv BDwbKjvi cwmWU I wmBI mcwZ GK mvvrKvi ejQb h, mvaviYfve, cvkvK wk ay AevnZfve Gi cwqvK DbZ Ki hve bv ev wbLuyZ WwbgB c Z Kie bv, GUv cPwjZ avivK AbymiY Kie| BDwbKjv-G Avgiv fwelZi K_v weePbv KiwQ, Avgiv Pv KiwQ wKfve bZzb bZzb cY Zwi Kiv hvq [..] Ges Zv mKj kYxi fvvi wbKU wew Kiv hvq| 39 BDwbKjvi mvdj dv dvkbi Dvb I UKmqZK wePbvq ivLvi Pvji Ici AvjvKcvZ Ki | c~e Rvcvwb Zviv cavbZ gvbi welq DrmvwnZ wQjb, eZgvb g~j Ges dvkbI wmv wbZ ZvìK AbycvwYZ Ki| 2010 mvj Rvcvwb Zvì wbq GKwU Rwic `Lv MQ 51 kZvsk Zv `Lb Zvì cQ`mB evRvi hLvb Zviv cvqB evRvi Ki _vKb mLvb Kg`vg / g~j mvkqx fvjvcY cvIqv hvq wKbv| hv 1999 mvj wQj kZKiv 38 kZvsk| 40 mgqvchvMx dvkb QvovI, Zviv GLb `L _vKb Kvcoi gvb I enifve Gi KvhKvixZv| GKwU gvSvwi MwZi weKvkgvb A_bxwZ, q Kivi cwZZ cwieZb (hgb: BUvibU evRvi Kiv ew cvQ) Ges Kvb e mevP jvfRbKfve q Kivi ceYZv GB mewKQyB we`gvb AMvwaKvii cwieZb f~wgKv ivLQ| 41 3.2 chywi DrKl: cavb mvgvwRK I cwiekMZ welqmg~n

Dbqbi Rb e I cvkvK wki mvweK iZ AwZib Kiv hve bv, hnZz GZ A` kwgKìK AvbyvwbK PvKzwiZ wbqvM Kiv nq| h mKj `kmg~ni wk wecei AwfZv iqQ, Zviv `LQb h cvkvK wk cvqB me v GB cwieZbi bZZ w`qQ| 42GB wk DbZ Ges Dbqbkxj `k eo AvKvii A` KgxìK PvKzwi c vb Ki - Avgvì AbjvBb Rwici 82.6 kZvsk Di`vZv ejQb, GB wk KvR Kivi myhvM mw KiQ Ges dj gRywi cvIqv hvQ| kxl vbxq BwZevPK wZbwU LvZi ga e I cvkvK wki kwgKiv Zzjbvg~jK AvaywbK chyw eenvi Ki, hLvb Kg wewbqvM nq Ges A_bxwZi PvwjKvkwK GwMq wbZ f~wgKv ivL| 43 jygm& I Abvb hcvwZ cvqB 40 eQi ev AviI ewk cyivbv, Ges bZzb bZzb hcvwZ mshvRb Kivi dj AmvaviY Drcv`b I `Zv AwRZ nqQ|

2014 - Page 9 of 44


h `k e I cvkvK wk Drcvw`Z nq mLvb GB ivwb m `ki A_bxwZK DbZ Ki, GKB mv_ cvkvKRvZ e Drcv`bi dj mB Dbqbkxj `k yej Kg j icvwiZ nq Ges cwieki ~lY nq| ivbv cvRv ami ci Zviv, hgb, Iqvj gvU, DuPz febi KviLvbvq Zwi Kiv cvkvK q Kiv e Ki w`qQ Ges GB yNUbv wk mvgvwRK I cwieki Pvj wnmve GKwU cZxK hv Dbqbkxj `ki wki Rb yfvMRbK hLb Zvì A_bxwZi gk Dbqb nwQj|44 kwgKì AwaKvi, gRywi Ges v I wbivcv njv mgvavb Kivi Rb cavb welq Ges AviI Drcv`b ew ARb Kiv Avw_Kfve mvkqx nIqvi Rb cqvRb| e I cvkvK wki kwgKì AwaKvi enifve eySZ nj Gi ga wkkg, Rvi Ki KvR Kivbv, Awfevmx kwgKi welqjvB cavbZ Avm|45

kwgKì eZb njv Ab GKwU AMvwaKvi I weZwKZ welq Ges GB welq Zxe AvjvPbv nQ| hgb: vbxq I AvRvwZK Pvc evsjv`ki msm` 15 RyjvB 2013 mvj evsjv`k kg (mskvwaZ) AvBb cvm KiQ| evsjv`k mvcwZK e I cvkvK wk weki mePq Kg gRywi c vbKvix GKwU `k hv gvm gv 38 gvwKb Wjvi, hLb AbK kwgKiv Av`vjb KiwQj Ges dj A vqxfve 250wU cvkvK KviLvbv e nq hvq Zvici 1jv wWmi 2013 ZvwiL _K evsjv`ki cvkvK wki kwgKì eZb b~ bZg 5,300 UvKv (68 gvwKb Wjvi) wbaviY Kiv nq, hv kZKiv 77 fvM ew cqQ|46 mveKUvKwUs ev Ab _K KvR bv Kwiq cwZMZfve eZb ewi GKgv c_ njv Drcv`b ew Kiv| AbK Drcv`bkxj `kB Kg `/Kg eZb c vb Kivi Kkj eenvi Ki DbwZ ARb KiZ Pvq| eZgvb GB wk ckvMZ v I wbivcv (IGBPGm) njv g~j AvjvP welq| hv ivbv cvRvi mvcwZK NUbvi ci mvgb Pj GmQ| AvBGjI-Gi gZ, KvR mwKZ ` yNUbv Ges AmyL AevnZfve gvivZK mgmv wnmve we`gvb Ges Zv wewfb iKgi vbxq KviY nq, Gi ga AvQ KviLvbvq evcKfve v I wbivcvi wbqg bv gvbv|47 GB welq evcK KvR Acv Ki AvQ| evsjv`ki 5,600 Gi AwaK KviLvbvi AwaKvskB hviv ivwb Ki Zvì ms vi Kiv cqvRb, LvZwUi ewi mv_ mv_| hw` Avgiv GB welq Kbv Kwi, Zvnj `LZ cvev 2020 mvji ga nqZ 1 KvwU 20 jvL kwgK Ges 10,000 Gi ekx KviLvbv Mo DVe| hw` bv DjLhvM cwigvYGKxKiY bv nq| wbg evsjv`ki welq Avjv`vfve AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ|

mvgvwRK I cwiekMZ welq njv wkwUi UKmB _vKvi g~j Ges Zvi mgvavb Kivi cqvRb| Ze bZ vbxq D`vv hviv kwgKì AwaKvi, eZb I v I wbivcv wbq KvR KiQb, Zvì cvwZvwbK mgZvi w`K ZvKvj `Lv hvq Ges Kbv Kiv KwVb nq h, Zvì Achv mgZv BwZgaB GB welq KvVvgv wenxb mgvivjfve ew cvQ hvi ga wKQy wKQy eo I KvhKix nQ| Gi A_ njv Gi ga AwZwi mgZv wbq AvmZ ne hvZ Ki mvgvwRK I cwiekMZ Dbqb mvab Kiv hvq| GB vwqZ eySvi Rb gbwi wbaviY Kij Zv A_bwZK DbqbI AwZwi Drcv`bkxjZvq cqvRbxq ne| Avgvì Rwici Di`vbKvix GKRb wekli gZvgZ njv, Dcii mgmv hgb kwgKi wbivcv, Ges kwgKi AwaKvi welq gvMZ DbqbK cwZwZvq dvq`v wnmve `Lv ìKvi |48

2014 - Page 10 of 44


evsjv`k: `Z cew nQ, Ze bq

evsjv`k e I cvkvK wk 1980 Gi gvSvgvwS _K i nIqvi ci, GUv `ki Dbqb evcK f~wgKv ivLQ Ges iY Kwiq w`Q h, wekvqbi GKwU AKvi w`KI AvQ|49 wkwU AmvaviYfve Dbqb KiQ Ges eZgvb Zv wRwWwci kZKiv 20 fvM Ges gvU ivbxi kZKiv 80 fvM Avq Ki Ges GZ mivmwi 40 j gvbyli Kg msvb nqQ| 50 Avgvì AbjvBb Rwici Di`vZviv GB BwZevPK welqi cwZ LyeB AvMn `wLqQb Ges AvMvgx 18-24 gvm GB wk gk: AviI ew cve ej Abygvb e KiQb| kZKiv 52.94 fvM Avkv KiQb evsjv`k Zvì eemv AZ:c w wZkxj _vKe, Ges kZKiv 41.18 fvM Avkv KiQb eemv ew cve| evsjv`ki Zix cvkvK wk ivbx evsjv`kx A_ eQi Ryb _K RyjvB 2012/2013 mvj 21.5 wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi cuQQ| 51 evsjv`ki wRwWwc cewi cavb PvwjKvkw njv cvkvK wk Ges 1990 mvji ci _K GB wk GK ZZxqvsk `vwi wegvPb evcK f~wgKv iL PjQ| 52 Pxbi ci evsjv`k `wY Gwkqvq GKwU enZ Drcv`bKvix wnmveI AvZ-cKvk KiQ| GLvb 5,600 GiI ekx Zwi cvkvK KviLvbv AvQ Ges Mo cwZ dvixZ 1,500 _K 2,000 kwgK KvR Kib| evsjv`k Zvi cavb AvwjK cwZwì Pq AbK GwMq AvQ, Gi ga AvQ B`bwkqv hLvb cvq 2,450 wU Zwi cvkvK KviLvbv AvQ, wfqZbvg hLvb AvQ cvq 2,000 wU Zwi cvkvK KviLvbv Ges KvwWqv hLvb AvQ 260wU Zwi cvkvK KviLvbv|53 evsjv`ki evRvi fMwjKfve QvU GjvKvjvZ ewaZ nqQ, hvi dj cwienb I mveKUvKwUs Gi myweav nQ Ges Bnv QvovI evsjv`k Abvb Drcv`bKvix `kiI gyLvgywL nQ hgb fviZ I cvwKvb|54 GB wk evsjv`ki cewi iKW I Abygvb LyeB AvkveK, Avqi cwigvY 2010 mvj _K 2020 mvji ga wZbY nIqvi Avkv| Bnv KbvKiv KwVb h, hw` v I wbivcvi mgmvjv mgvavb Kiv bv hvq Zvnj cKZ c wKfve GwU AwRZ ne Ges fwelZi yNUbv mg~n cewi c_ Aivq ne| 55eve, evsjv`ki mvebvi evcvi wewfb aibi gZvgZ iqQ| KD KD hgb, mveK Mvgvb mvP Gi cavb wbevnx A_bxxZwe` wRg IbBj wekvm Kib h, GB Rbej I ZiY RbMvxi `kwUi mvebv AvQ weki mePq cvbe A_bxwZi `k cwiYZ nIqvi| wZwb AviI ejQb, evsjv`k Zvi cieZx GMviv `kmg~ni `j AvQ Ges wZwb Avkv Kib G `kjv DP cewi A_bxwZZ cieZxZ bZZ è|56 Abvbiv `Lb evsjv`k Ggb GKwU `k hvi Dbqbi mvebv ivRbwZK nvbvnvwbZ I `v yjgvb KvVvgvi Rb i nq hve| jvj wdZvi ìv , `~bxwZ, Rvjvbx msKU Ges me v we`gvb mvgvwRK Aw wZkxjZvi KviY eemv-evwYR wewNZ nevi welqwUI Gi ga AvQ| evsjv`kK GKwU DuPz cewi A_bxwZ Mo ZzjZ nj eveZv I DPvwfjvli ga mZz eb Zix Kiv cqvRb hvi djkwZZ mvaviY RbMY DcKZ ne| Gi Rb mymsMwVZ c`c bqv cqvRb hvi dj wkwUi mvgvwRK I cwiekMZ `Zv Ggbfve cieZx chvq DwbZ nq hvZ Ki Gi cwZwZv wZM bv nq| Avgvì Rwic GKRb Di`vZv hic ge KiQb Zv njv: hw` evsjv`kK AvRvwZK mvnvh c vb Kiv nq hv RbvijvBRW& wmg Ae cdvi (wRGmwc), Zvnj `kwU cewi nvi eRvq ivLZ cvie Ges ivwbi nvi cieZx cvuP eQii ga 30 wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi Qvwoq hve| 57 ZvQvov evsjv`ki cvkvK wk GB Aj h_ cwZhvwMZv Ki wUK AvQ| Drcvw`Z cYi gvb Dbqb `kwUi mvg_ AvQ (wekl Ki Rvcvb I _vBjv geagvb nvi Ab cvwVq cY Zix KivQ), hLvb GLbI Gi D`xqgvb Drcv`b Q hgb gvqvbgvii mv_ cwZhvwMZv Kivi mvg_ AvQ| Gi dj wewbqvMKvixiv evsjv`ki cwZ AvKwlZ nb, wekl Ki Zviv hviv dv dvkbi cwZ gbvhvM `b I eo evRvi cek KiZ Pvb| Avgvì AbjvBb Rwic Avgiv wRvmv KiwQ Di`vZviv AvMvgx 18-24 gvm Zvì KvRKg Ab (A_vr evsjv`k _K `~i) mwiq wbZ Pvb wKbv, kZKiv 91.18 Rb bv ejQb| 58 GUv evsjv`ki Rb fvjv Ze evRvii AvKlYi welqwU (Ges nve wnmve Abvb dvgi KvR KiZ Gi mvg_ AMmi w`K AvQ) gvMZ cki myLxb ne, BwZgaB we`gvb `yej i Rb , hLb AviI cew I Dbqb ne| UKmB mieivn PBb Ges GKB mv_ I gvbe g~jabi Dbqb GB mxgveZv AwZg Kivi Ges ivbv cvRvi gZv NUbvi cybivew cwinvi Kivi g~j PvweKvwV|

2014 - Page 11 of 44


4 fvv I Drcv`bi aib cwieeZb

wewfb mv-cgvY `Lv hvq h, e I cvkvK wki mvgvwRK I cwiekMZ `Zv ew Ges Drcv`b I cwZhvwMZvi cwigvY ew KiZ nj Ggbfve wk icvi Kiv cqvRb hv MnYhvM, me| hvBnvK, cKZ mgmv cwZMZ| hvi A_ njv Ggbfve KvR KiZ ne hvi g~j iqQ UKmB g~j mw| GB `Lvbv nqQ , icvii Pvwn`vi Rb wK wK AbyciYv hvMvq, hgb fvjv fvvì evRvi Ges dv dvkb, mieivn PBbi g~j DbqbjvK fvMvfvwM KiZ ne Ges bZzb FYi Drmi Pvwn`v `LZ ne Ges mieivn PBbi QZvq gbvhvM wKfve LvwZi SzuwKZ cfve djQ|

4.1 dv dvkb ebvg fvjv fvv mvkqx g~j bZzb dvkbRvZ cY Kbvi Rb 2007 mvji Gwcj jbi AdvW wU bZzb cvBgvK (Primark) vii DvabKvj 3000-Gi ewk Zv wfo Ki| gvbyli avawZ mLvbKvi KgPvixiv AvnZ nb, Zviv c`c nb Ges wbivcv cnixiv ZvìK mvgjvZ wngwkg Lvb|59 AbK wk UKmB _vKvi welqwU g~javivK mwiq wk icvi NUvq| aygv e I cvkvK wkB bq (eZgvb), AbKjv bwZK cvkvKi e vi mdjZv, hgb cvUvMwbqv (Patagonia), DfqB fvvì Pvwn`vi gZv Ges cwiek-eve nevi cwiPq `q, hnZz GUv iY Kwiq `q g~javiv _K GUv wKfve Avjv`v|60

ZvmI GB wk UKmB nevi weePbvjv ew cZ i KiQ, hvi GKwU eni avivi cwZdjb NUvq | 16 wU evRvi 8,000 fvvìK Rwic Kivi gvag Rb mwKZ wekl cwZvb GWjgvb (Edelman) `LQ h, fvvì AvKlY Kivi gvag wUK _vKvi AvMn ew cvQ| 61 2008 mvji ci _K kZKiv 86 Rb fvv RvwbqQb h, Zviv wekvm Kib Kvvwbi DwPZ Zvì g~j eemvi `vq-`vwqZ Zviv hic gbvhvM `b mvgvwRK cfvei welqI Zviv hvZ mic gbvhvM `b| Ze AbK jvKRb UKmB e Kbvi evcvi AvMn `wLqQb| WjvwqwU (Deloitte) `LQ h, aygv kZKiv 20 fvM fvv kl ch Kvb GKwU UKmB e Kbb| WjvwqwUi MelYvq Aviv `Lvbv nqQ h, jvKRb Kvb e mK wK gZ `q Ges cKZc Zviv wK q Ki, Gi ga wK iKg ZviZg AvQ, welqwU GjIGBPGGm RbMvxi ga evRvii DjLhvM mmviYi mvebvi evcvi BwZ Ki | 62 AbK fvv AwaK UKmB cY eenvi KiZ Pvb Ze DP g~j bq-hv AevK Aviv RwUj Ki|

GB ceYZvwU Dbqbkxj `k KvbfveB mxgve bq| Gi Dv w`Ki Aevi welqI wKQy cgvY AvQ: MelKì gZ ga Avqi `k hgb: evwRj, Pxb, fviZ, B`vbwkqv, gvjqwkqv Ges mshy Avie gawe fvviv DbZ `ki G aibi fvvì Zzjbvq AwaK nvi Kvvbx I ei evcvi Kvb Dk wbq AvMn `Lvq|63 Bnv bZ Avh jvMjI GB D`xqgvb evRvi w i fvvì we vi gb Kiv nQ GZB kwkvjx h, GWjgvb MelYv GBjvK cvicvm eyj gvKU (e Z lvuoi evRvi) wnmve wPvwqZ KiQ| GB lvuoi evRvi Gi fvviv UKmB cY q Zvì wbR AvMn I cQì g~j w`q _vKb| e Z: AbK `kB UKmB ejZ eySvq DuPz gvbi cY, GB aibi weK fvvì wmv MnYi g~jevb wb kbv c vb Ki, hLvb fvvì v_iv Ges cYi v I wbivcv msv wbqg Kvbyb `yej| eyj fvvì evlw kZvsk gvm UKmB cY Kbb, Ab hvi nvi 37 kZvsk |64

G evcvi Lye mvgvbB BwZ cvIqv hvq h, e I cvkvK wk fvvì Pvwn`v GKKfve Drcv`b cwqvq cfve dje| Avgiv hfve wk icvii K_v weePbv KiwQ m evcvi GUv GKwU iZc~Y weePbvi `vex ivL| eZgvb Bnv gb nQ h, RbmvaviYK wkwZ Kivi Rb AbK Rvivjv D`vM bqvi ciI UKmB fvv dvkb evRvii GKwU QvU Ask gv| AwaKvsk fvvB kwgKì Rb Aviv fvjv eZb I wbivc` Kg ji Rb `vwe Rvbvbvi cwieZ Kgg~j dv dvkb Pvb|65 weZviv mvaviYZ: mieivnKvixì wbKU _K dvkbRvZ è Avbb hv `Z I mnR mieivn Kiv hvq Ges mvaviY g~j èvw` mB mKj `k _K Avbv nq hLvb LiP mePq Kg nq| GB MwZgqZv cv_wgKfve `Lv welqi Pq RwUj, hnZz `Z dvkb I Z mvov `qvi welqi ga iZc~Y cv_K AvQ| `Z dvkbwU GmQ Z mvov `qvi gvag Ze G `ywU c_K aviYv| Z mvov `qvi welqwU kl nIqvi mv_ mv_ cybtcybt mvaviY evw` mieivni mv_ mwKZ| Z dvkb njv bZzb cYi cwZ `Z mvov `qv (Kg ev cybivq gvUB mieivn bv Ki), Gi mv_ RwoZ AvQ AbK aibi vBji èvw` Kg Kg Ki cvVvbv Ges Nb Nb cvVvbv| Dfq B, chv cwigvY cvVvbv I mieivni wc&Zvi `v` yjgvbi Rb Drcv`bKvixì Dci Zv DjLhvM DMi KviY nq| Zviv mvaviYZ: h mKj e cvq Zvi wKQy Ab _K hLvb yej KRi cwiek we`gvb Ges GBwji DcwwZ I f~wgKv e`wkK Zvì wbKU ARvbv _K hvq|

2014 - Page 12 of 44


4.2 mieivn PBbi QZvi welq

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2014 - Page 14 of 44


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2014 - Page 15 of 44


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2014 - Page 16 of 44


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weMZ wZbkZ eQii A_bwZK Dbqb GKwU cKZ hywmZfve cevwnZ nwQj : A_bwZK cew njv enifve Drcv`bi AwZwi Dcv`vbi KvhKix cyb:eenvii Dci wbfi Ki| GB gWj wesk kZvwi gafvM ch gvbeZvK mev c vb KiQ, hLb mì wbavwiZ cKwZ I cfve wek gvbyli KgKv mvgb Pj GmQ| mvgb ZvKvj, AvbygvwbK wnmve `Lv hvq h, 2010 _K 2025 Gi ga Lvì Pvwn`v AviI kZKiv 24 fvM ew cZ cvi, Lvì Rb LiP kZKiv 57 fvM, cvKwRs Gi Rb kZKiv 47 fvM Ges Rxebi kl fvMi Rb evwì nvi kZKiv 41fvM ew cZ cvi|93 KD aygv Kbv KiZ cvie GB welqi A_ wK, eZgvb RbmsLv ewi nvii cvcU hv 2050 mvji ga 9 wewjqb ne| geagvb mì mxgveZvi evcvi, wewfb aibi wki Drcv`b GKwU evKvi P N~Yvqgvb nQ ; _K , _K Kei ch bq| Gi A_ njv gB gbvhvM mvweK m` Drcv`bi w`K hvQ, evwì gvag Drcv`b, bZzb bZzb Drcv`b I cwqv Avwe vi Ges AcqvRbxqfve m` b bv Ki (hgb: cvKwRs GKBfve eR i cyb:eenvi Ges ei vwqZ ewi gvag)| cvkvK wk eZgvb wk gWj GKBfve MwVZ nqQ hvZ Ki KvuPvgvj viv è Zix Kiv nq, wew Kiv nq, eenvi Kiv nq Ges wnmve cwiZvM Kiv nq| 94 dv dvkb Avwe vi cvkvK gvbi PBb mì LiP Aviv ew KiQ| MelKiv hyw `wLqQb h, `Z eeZ fvMcY (GdGgwmwR) wk mg~n eZgvb dvkbmn, gWj _K mi Avme hLvb 40 kZvsk fvMcY cybivi Kiv nq bv (Ges 18 kZvsk cPbi Rb Dvi Kiv nq, Ges 2 kZvsk cybivq eenvii Rb) Ges Ggb GKwU gWj cwiYZ ne hLvb wbKU fwelZ A-cybivi Kg Avme 50 kZvsk| 95 GB gZ Abymvi, N~Yvqgvb A_bxwZZ mi Avmvi dj 595-705 wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi LiP euP hvevi myhvM AvQ, hvi ga AvQ e |96 wKQy `k BwZga eeZ e msMni nvi DuPz (hgb BDKZ 65 kZvsk)| 97 hLvb Avgiv Rvwb bv h, Aviv mvKzjvi eemvq icvi KZ Z NUe, Ze Avgiv GUv Rvwb h, fwelZ cRb UKmB cvkvK wk mieivn PBb ay KvRi Aev I cwiekMZ wechqB evcKfve gvKvejv Kie bv, GgbwK wjwbqvi A_bxwZ gWj _K mvKyjvi A_bxwZ gWjI mi Avme| eZgvb, mvKyjvwiwUi GB mgq 2wU mvKyjvi gWj DjLhvM cZxqgvb nQ: 98 eenvi kl msMn nvi I wimvBwKbi nvi ew Kiv, Ges Kbmvgkbi gWji gvag ei eenvi ewi Dcvq ei Kiv| Drcv`b cwqvq, eni m` `Zvi gvag 3q mvKyjvwiwU gWj cYqb Kiv hZ cvi| GwU hywhy h hLb Kvb bZ vbxq Mvx hLb Zvì eemvi gWj mvKyivwjwUK hy Kie, GUv Zvì LiPi KvVvgvK cwieZb Kie, Ges GZ Ki cwZhvwMZv g~jK myweav Zixi mvebv iqQ hvZ AbvbivI GwU MnY eva nq| hvnvK, KZ Z GB Dbqb NUe GUv fwelvYx Kiv KwVb|

2014 - Page 17 of 44


5 wk icvii Rb cavb Dcv`vb

Gwkqvi Dvb, dv dvkb Ges mieivn PBbi ewaZ QZvi gZ avivjv wki Rb iZc~Y,Ges Zv eni mvgvwRK I cwiekMZ DbwZ ew KiQ| Aviv ewk Ki Drcv`b , cwZhvwMZv Ges mvgvwRK `Zv ew cwZ B mvdj ARb me| GZ vfvweKfveB ck DvwcZ nq h wKfve m myhvMUv wbZ ne| mB Abyhvqx, GB Aavq wewfb PvwjKvkw wbq AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ Ges wk icvi mnvqZv KiZ cvi Ggb wKQy iZc~Y welq wPwZ Kiv nqQ| Avgvì MelYvq ek wKQz PvwjKvkw wPwZ Kiv nqQ hjvi DjLhvM msLK Askx`vixiv hy nj wbqvwRZ m` I cPvi Zzjbvq AvbycvwZKnvi fvjv Ae`vb ivLvi mebv AvQ| hLvb Kvb GKRb c ZKvix, Zv ev Askx`vi me PvwjKvkw Ub aij wK bv mUv iZc~Y bq, Ze GUv iZc~Y h me PvwjKvkw hvZ Uvbv nq| ZvQvov, mgwZ c`c MnY Ges Askx`viì m nIqv QvovI bxPi Kvhmg~n LyeB ìKvwi:

1. mvweK mì Drcv`bkxjZv I QZv eRvq ivLZ mieivn PBbi w`K bRi ivLv ;

2. wewbqvMi gvag wki cwiKvVvgv Kiv ;

3. bZzb chvqi DPvwfjvl wbq KvRi Aevi cwieZb Kiv ; Ges

4. kxl vbxq c ZKvixì fvjv Kvhvfvm Aaqb Ges AbyKiY Kiv|

GKwU `ki Rb Dbqbi wmwoZ AvivnYi mv_ mv_ fwelZ jvfevb nZ nj, wbP _vBjvi Dci AvjvwPZ Aavq `Lyb|

2014 - Page 18 of 44


UjvBU _vBjv: wmuwo eq DVv -Gwkqvi LyPiv evRvii cekc_

BwZgaB weki GKwU enr ivbxKviK _vBjv `wY c~e Gwkqvi wZxq eng LyPiv evRvi wnmve MweZ, 2012 mvj 7 kZvsk ew cq 44.7 wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi cQQ (A_vr wRwWwci AvbygvwbK 16 kZvsk)| MelKì gZ, 2013 mvj bZzb vbxq I AvRvwZK LyPiv ev wewbqvMi Rb _vBjvi LyPiv evRvi jgvv 15-20 kZvsk ew cq 52 wewjqb gvwKb Wjvi `vuove|99 LyPiv evRvi ew BswMZ Ki h, _vBjv GB Aji Rb cvkvK wk GKwU weZiY K nq DVvi gvag Avwmqvb (ASEAN) Aviv DjLhvM Askx`vi nq DVQ| GB cwieZb GKwU mdj Dbqbi dj Ges GB Rb h, GB wk GKwU i hLvb: (1) `ki AvfixY Drcv`b g-ewaZ nvi cvkeZx `ki Drcv`b viv cwZvwcZ nQ ; (2) hye kYx cvkvK wki bvq Kg Avqi kg wbfi wk DrmvwnZ bq Gi dj gvMZ kwgK Zv Zix evRviK gvMZ AwwZkxj Ki ZzjQ Ges ; (3) LyPiv LvZ gvMZ ew cvQ, msc ejZ Mj, _vBjv nQ GKwU fvjv D`vnib h, GKwU `k hLb Dbqbi wmwo eq DVZ _vK ZLb wK NU| 2012 mvj hyiv I BBDZ Zwi e I cvkvK ivwbi cwigvY wQj Kg (14.1 kZvskI 24.3 kZvsk h_vg) | GKB mgq gvU e I cvkvK wki Avg`vwb wQj 3,806,23 wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvi hv wQj GKB mgq 2011 mvji Zzjbvq 1.62 kZvsk ewk) Gi AwaKvsk cew AvmwQj Avwmqvb _K|100 Dci cieZx cRbi kwgKiv wkvqb _K jvfevb nQ Ges Zviv cvkvK wk eZxZ ewk eZbi Abvb wk, hgb: gvUi Mvox I BjKUwb Ges AvwZ_qZv I webv`b LvZ Aviv AwaK nvi cek KiQ| ZviciI GB kwgK Zv (weklZ: ` kwgK) gqv` RwUj nevi K_v bq - kg kw 2017 mji ga yB wgwjqb ewaZ nevi Avkv AvQ - cexY RbMvx Ges cieZx cRbi AMvwaKvii cwieZb GB ceYZvK GK `kKi gaB wecixZ w`K wbq hve| 101 _vBjv h icvi NUQ cvkvK wki Rb ZvZ ek wKQy Zvrchc~Y welq iqQ, Gi ga cavb njv _vBjvi KkjMZ Ae vb ZvK Pxb, Rvcvb Ges Kvwiqvi gZ enr Avwmqvb `kjvi fvvì evRvi cvkvK ivwbi Rb vfvweK weZiY Q cwiYZ KiQ | GKwU wk gnvcwiKbv cqvRb, hnZz eZgvb cvkvK wki Kg gRyix `ki eveZvK Avi cwZdwjZ Ki bv| yB avivi Rb GB cwieZb cqvRb : (1) RvZxq b~ bZg gRyix ceZb , wUGBPwe 300 (cvq 10 gvwKb Wjvi) cwZw`b, hv Rvbyqvix 2013 mvj KvhKi nqQ, hv vbxq Drcv`bi Dci hv DP g~ji Pvc mw Ki ; Ges (2) GKwU mvavib Avwmqvb evRvi ceZb- g~jZwe (2015 Gi Rb wbavwiZ) hv Avwmqvb fy Kg eZbi Ab `ki gy cvkvKi Avtcevn NUve| 102 Gi cwZwqvq, eo c ZKvixì ga BwZgaB cPzi mvov wgjQ| _vB MvgU&m gvbydvKPvivm Gmvwmqkb (wUwRGgG)-Gi 10 kZvsk m`m BwZgaB Zvì Drcv`b Kvhg Abvb evRvi mwiq wbqQ, hgb: gvqvbgvi ev B`vbwkqv, GZ wWRvBb Ges weZiY K` wnme Zvì cwZhvwMZvi gZv Aviv evoe, GB msLv `yB eQii ga 25 kZvsk ne ej Avkv Kiv nQ| 103 wekl Ki bZzb Drcv`b vbi wbqY cwiKvVvgv evSvi Rb miKvi ev Ab cwZvbi chv mnhvwMZv bv cj AbK z c ZKvixi Rb GB cwqv LyeB Pvjws | fwelZ, _vB c ZKvixì fvjvfve Dc`k `qv nq hvZ Zviv Drcv`b I weZiYi bKkv , mvgvwRK I cwiekMZ `Zvi mv_ mswk UKmZi cwgZgvb Ges A_bwZKfve cwZhvwMZvc~Y nIqvi ga mK g~jvqb Kib| GB icvi mnR KiZ mvnvh Kivi Rb IfviwmR UW G BbfgU mUvi (IwUAvBwm) wUwRGgG-Gi GKwU cPv|104 Avkv Kiv nq IwUAvBwm mgy` ZxieZx Drcv`b Kvhg mvnvh Kie, Ges AwiwRbvj BKz BcgU gvbydvKPvivi (IBGg)105 KvvwbjvK AwiwRbvj wWRvBb gvbydvKPvivi (IwWGg) 106 Ges AwiwRbvj ev gvbydvKPvivi (IweGg) 107 G cwiYZ KiZ mvnvh Kie| GBfve wUwRGgG PvwjKvkw-2 Gi gvag _vB e I cvkvK wk Q mRbkxj I cwiek-eve wki jwRwK K` cwiYZ nq, hv weK kwi Dci Ges vbwfwK A_bxwZi Dci wbfi Ki| 108

2014 - Page 19 of 44


5.1 PvwjKvkw 1: mieivn PBb Ryo mvweK m` Drcv`bkxjZv Ges QZvK DrmvwnZ Kiv DPZi mvweK m` Drcv`bkxjZv ARbi GKwU c~ekZ njv wK Kiv me Zv evaMg Kiv| Askx`viiv wZb avivq evav AwZg I DPZi KvhgZv ARb KiZ cvib ; wkv, QZv I Zvì ga gvMZ DbwZ Ges gvb ewi cPvq Zviv wevw wbevibi Rb c`c wbZ cvib|

Qv ev ewMZ UKmB vvW (AZ:ci vvW wnmve msc DjL Kiv ne) g~j - kLj c vb Ki hv `xN g~j kLj, Av: mxgv ev A-c_vMZi Rb DcKvix| vvW Av RvwZK evRvi fvv cqvRbxqZv Rvbvi Kkj c vb Ki Ges mB Abyhvqx Zvì Avc I cwZK cwqvKiY Ki| Qv UKmB vvW evcK wbqY Dcvqi ga GKwU Dcvq Ges Zvì MnYmvaviYZ: chywMZ, Avw_K mnvqZv I cwkY cqvRb| Drcv`b I LiP Gi AvaywbKxKiY- Di Gi K_v gb iL GB aibi Qv vvW Gi GKwU eo myweav AvQ ; mvavib AvBb Kvbyb hv mvaviYZ: KqK avc cQb _vK Zvi Dci wbfi bv Ki GB aibi vvW eis wk AwfZvi Dci Zix nq, hgbwU A_bwZK ~ivevi mgq A_bwZK welqjvi MvPixf~Z nqwQj| vvW Gi eenvi 1990 mvj _K Z ew cvwQj Ges Zv GLb ek wKQy wki mieivn ee vcbv I bxwZ - cYqb cfve djQ| ZvQvov, ek wKQy cY weq yB msLvi iKW cwigvY ew NUQ (cPwjZ cYi Zzjbvq)Ges Zv vvWi I mvwUwdKUi (hgb: AMvwbK, dqvi UW, iBb di Gjvq Ges BD.wU.RW mvwUwdKU) Rb ek wKQy cYi evwYR kwkvjx KiQ|109

Ab wki AwfZv _K `Lv MQ h, UKmB q KcviU mswkZv icvi g~jK cfve djZ cvi - hgb, Iqv KvKv dvDkb w` gvim& G KvWevwi dvDkb, ev Kwl wfw KvuPvgvji UKmB Drm BDwbwjfvii mswkZv| 110 Iqv KvKv dvDkbi , gvim& wQj D`vv wK c ZKvixiv mnhvwMZv KiZ i KiwQj, hnZz Zviv Avwe vi KiwQj h Drcv`bi AvKvi ewKcviU eemv ew I evi mybvg ewZ mnvqK (hgb : z j KlKì cwkY, Aviv fvjv wbqvgK I ms v)| 111 mieivn PBb Zvi wewfb WvBgbkb QZv ARb vvW I cwigvc cwZ wek cvkvK wki Rb mnvqK nZ cvi| hgb: v I wbivcv, cvwb, kw, cwiZ ev ivmvqwbK e| D`vM hgb: mvmUBbGej Gcvij Kvqvwjkb DcKvix KviYb Zviv dvg mg~ni `Zvi Rb cqvRbxq Kkj cqvM Ki| hvBnvK, evwnii wicvwUs Gi mv_ `vwqZkxj nq hgb: dqvi DBqvi Ges Abvb vvW mg~n, GUvI iZc~Y h wbwZ Kiv, Kvh mg~n ay -wkvi gaB bv _K fwelZ fvjv Kvhvfvm cwiYZ nq|

5.2 PvwjKvkw 2: (Bgcv) wewbqvMi gvag wki Kiv mieivn PBb Kivi Rb DjLhvM wewbqvM cqvRb| hvnvK, cyuwR msMn Pvjws Ggb wki Rb hLvb Zv mieivnKvix mK `xNgqv`x bv nq AWvi- eyKi gZvB jb`b SzuwKc~Y | Z_vwc mvgvwRK g~j PBb I DjLhvM Avw_Kjvfi K_v weePbv Ki DbwZ ev Ab K_vq Bgcv wewbqvM Kkj cvkvK I e wki Rb ev e mZ Ges GwMq hvevi GKwU Dcvq| cvBjU cyuwR wewbqvM GKwU aviYv ARb mnvqK nZ cvi|

hywjvK f `Lv hvK| KviLvbv mg~ni ev e AvcMWi Rb cwZwqvkxj eva evaKZvq Kkji evBi c_ c kb Ki| GwU ev e wk cwieZbi Rb GKwU iZc~Y PvwjKvkw| myhvM aviYvMZfve mvRvmywR : Dbqbkxj evRvi wewbqvM cyuwR AcZzj I `vgx| wK wk mvaviYZ: Kg m` Drcv`bi K_v gb iL mvgvwRK I cwiekMZ Ae vb - GZ mKj ciB RZvi myhvM AvQ Ges c ZKvixivI DP gvb Drcv`b cek Ki A_ ev UvKv evuPvZ cvie ev jvf KiZ cvie| D`vniY ic GKRb Awf mvvrKvix welq LyeB Avkvev`x wQjb Ges eYbv Kib h, wKfve 40,000 gvwKb Wjvii wewbqvM gwkbvix cwieZb KiwQj hv 1960- 1990 mvji wQj Ges 12 gvmi ga wKfve 500,000 AwZg KiQ|112 fvjvfve MvQvbv nj, GB iKg wewbqvM myweav ek eo AvKvii wewbqvMKvixì Kb AvK Kie bv Zvi Kvb hwK KviY bB, hnZz, Bgcv wewbqvM evRvi ewi w`K GwMq PjQ| 113

wk icvi wewbqvM gbvew GKwU iZc~Y Dcv`vb| GwU LvuwU wewbqvM _K mnR myhvM nevi K_v bB hwÌ cZK Kvvbxi wbR Amyweav, wewbqvM myhvM DbvPb `vgx nZ cvi, Ges AviKwU fqsKi Pvj nQ, vbxq ee vcbv Ges QZv, wKfve Ggb Bgcv wewbqvM Kkj ev e KvR KiZ cvi Ges MwZkxj mvgvwRK I cwiekMZ myweav Zix KiZ cvi Zv `Lvi Rb Ab Avcvivj wjwgUW (GGGj)- K weePbv Kiv hZ cvi| GGGj evsjv`ki miv 10 wUi 1 wU eybb cY Drcv`bKvix cwZvb I kxl vbxq cvkvK ivbxKviK| 114 Kvvbx Wwbg cY ZixZ wekl, kixii wbgvsk

2014 - Page 20 of 44


cwiaq 1.8 wg: eybb cY gvwmK Drcb Ki, 850,000 eMdzU RvqMv Ryo Gì 3wU KviLvbv hLvb cvq 13,000 kwgK KgiZ| eo MvnKì ga AvQ kxl vbxq LyPiv ev hgb, GBGGg, wRG, Ges fvjv weZv Mc GGGj Zvì DPvwfjvlx ewaZKiY cwiKbv nvZ wbqQ: c_g avc eZgvbi AcwiKwZ KviLvbv hLvb wbgvi cwiaq Kvco Zix Kiv nq Zv KvuPcyi, XvKvi `wY cqvRb gvwdK Zix KviLvbvq mwiq bqv ne| GKwU `ki hLvb 90 fvM feb wews KvW gb Pjv nq bv. GB GKwU myhvM mLvb chv cwiKvVvgv c vb Kiv hvq|115 GB cRi AvbygvwbK LiP 24.4 wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvi, Gi ga 4 wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvii GKwU Avw_K cvKR èvi Rb AvBGdwm cwZve| AvkvwZ mvgvwRK I cwiekMZ cfvee ga iqQ bZzb cvq 1500 PvKzix ; UKbvjwR cwieZb hnZz GGGj jxb c Z fveavivq wek mevg Kvhvfvm MnY KiZ BQyK, KviLvbv `Zv, kwgK Drcv`bkxjZv Ges mvweK wki we yZ `Zv vvW, bZzb vbxq mieivn PBb hvMm~ KiY, KviY GB cR gvb PBb gvSvwi I z GUvicvBR Zix Kie, cvKR I z vsk mn, mev c vbKvix I im` mnvqZv| Dci, miKviI DcKZ ne hLb cR ivR c vb Kie|

Avgvì MelYvq `Lv MQ h, e I cvkvK wk cieZx cRbi wewbqvMi Rb GLb Dchy mgq| KviLvbv I mieivn PBbi Rb iqQ chv myhvM, hv wewbqvMKvixiv GLbI AvqI Kibwb, wekl Ki hLvb cY Zix cwqvRvZ KiYi gwjK welq cPzi kwi eenvi ne, AcZzj cvKwZK m` Ges Kg ` kwgK mvgvwRK cfve I Avw_K jvfi Rb ek fvjv myhvM Zix Ki|

5.3 PvwjKvkw 3: bZzb gvvq Kgcwieki DbwZ Askx`viì GKwU cavb DM njv kwgK Ae v Ges Gi dj KvRi Ae vi Dbqb AekB GKwU cavb AMMY welq| e I cvkvK wki kwgKiv hvì 80 kZvsk bvix, Achv v I wbivcvi Ae v, kg AvBb f (hgb: eZb, wk I ejc~eK kg), Achv Nievox, hvZvqvZ, v I wk mev Ges wj elgi wkKvi Gme fvM| GKB mgq, AbycwwZ I Achv Kgkwi Drcv`bkxjZv GB welqjvI iqQ| Avgvì AbjvBb Rwici gvag GB welq Aviv cwivi aviYv cqwQjvg| Gi ga 3wU ce iZc~Y mvgvwRK I cwiekMZ welq hv gvKvejv KiZ ne Zvi ga cavb welq weePbv Kiv nq kwgK AwaKvi Ges eZb| Avgiv `Ljvg h Di`vZviv ZZxq welq wfbgZ cvlY Ki ; mvivwek cwieki welqwU cvavb cvq, mLvb evsjv`k feb wbivcv ZviPq iZc~Y, KvQvKvwQ iZc~Y njv AwM-wbivcv| ewkK fve wj-elg evsjv`k weklfve iZ cqQ, weki Ab Aski Zzjbvq| fMwjK wPvi K_v ev` w`j, cvkvK wki -gqv`x Pvwn`vi A_ njv kwgKì v I wbivcvi Pq ei Drcv`b Aviv ekx gbvwbek Kiv| Rwici GKRb Di`vZv ejQb, Zvi mePq ekx fq nq h D`xqgvb evRvi Avgiv GLb hv `LwQZvB GKB mvqUkci cvUvY Rvwi _vKe|116 AMmi A_bxwZi evBi cvkvK wk c ZKvix `k mg~n Lye Z ew nqQ Ges ev e cwiKvVvgv ev gvbe c~wuR KvbUvB Gi mv_ Zvj gjvZ cviwb| cwZhvwMZv g~jK ewMZ GUvicvBRjv A_bwZK cew, m`, PvKzixi Drm njI Gjv qswq fve KvRi Aev ev UKmB cvkvK wk cwiYZ ne - Zvi Rb m` eUb GKwU iZc~Y|

`yBwU cavb mgvavbi w`K iqQ| c_gZ: mgmvi MvovZ GKwU eg~j aviYv njv, myì KvR Ges cwZhvwMZv g~jK eemv GKwU AviKwUi mv_ mvsNwlK| wbivcv I KvRi Ae vi DbwZi Rb Kvhvejx eemvq evowZ LiPi evSv icaviYv Kiv nq A_P ev e Zv gybvdv Drcv`bKvix| AvRvwZK kg msv (AvBGjI) I Abvbi MelYvq `Lv MQ h, Dfq Dfqi KvQ _K jvf cZ cvi - Ggb wP cvIqv MQ| kwgKì gZvgZ Abyhvqx Dbqb Kiv, gZvqb Ges Askx`vix ee vcbvi gvag `Zv GKwU Dcvq hvi gvag KvRi Ae vi Dbqb Ges GKB mgq `Zvi Dbqb ARb me| Z_vwcI, fvjv Kvhvfvm, hjvi gvag myweav cvIqv hvq, cvqB mjvK cwZMZfve Kg g~j `qv nq| KvRi Ae v Ges Drcv`bkxjZv Dbqbi Rb eUvi IqvK GKwU cwZkwZkxj AMhvv| AvRvwZK kg ms v (AvBGjI) Ges AvRvwZK A_ ms v (AvBGdwm)-Gi mv_ cvUbviwkc, AvBGdwmi mv_ AvBGjI Gi kg vvW jvK GKxKibi Rb eUvi IqvK mP| KvRi Ae v cwieZbi Rb KviLvbvi mKj chvq eUvi IqvKi cwkY iZc~Y| cwkY KvwiKzjvgi ga AvQ gvbe m` ee vcbv, ckvMZ v I wbivcv (IGmGBP), ìKlvKwl `Zv, cwkKì cwkY, mycvifvBRvix `Zv cwkY, hb nqivwb e I gvKvwejv, Ges kwgKì AwaKvi I `vwqZ mK cwkY| AvBGdwm Ges AvBGjI Gi wbR fvjv w`Kjvi Dci KUvi IqvK KvR Ki hv mvgvwRK msjvc Ges kg vvWi GKxKibi cqvRbxqZvi Dci Rvi `q, GKB mv_ GKwU ~i`w hv mvweK m` Drcv`bkxjZv Ges cwiekMZ cfve ew Ki| hwÌ GB c`ci cavb Pvj njv Gi mì NbZ Ges `xNgqv` KviLvbvjvK GKxf~Z Kivi mvg_| ee vcbvq cwieZb nj bZzbfve cwZwZ fvjv Kvhvfvmjv cwiZvM Kiv hZv| Avgvì weklY GKwU mve iv v njv, KviLvbvjvi Ges

2014 - Page 21 of 44


KviLvbvi wewfb Ae vb MnY (msLvjNy) K GK hy Kivi gvag| hywwU mivmwi GK mgqi Rb - AbK B D`vi Dbqbkxj A_bxwZ, ev cvewjK LvZ viv A_vqb hy Kiv cqvRb|

GBiKg `vwqZkxjZv hy Kivi GKwU Dcvq njv wewbqvMKvixì gvag hviv cwZMZfve c wZi ce AwZwi Avw_K wbqvgK gbvhvM `q, hgb: Kg ji Aev I Drcv`bkxjZv hy Ki c`c MnY Kiv KwVb| GKwU wk hLvb KvhkwZ g~jZ bvixi AvwaK AvQ, hLvb kwgKi gZvqb gvbB njv bvixi gZvqb| evsjv`kB Kej cvkvK wk kwgKi msLv 4wgwjqb ev 40 j (gvU 47.3 wgwjqb kwgK kwi ga) hv `ki cvkvK wk 90 kZvski ekx cwZwbwaZ Ki| Gi ga bvixi msLv 3.2 wgwjqb Gi ekx ev 80 kZvsk kgkw| 117hLvb `k mvweKfve bvix kwgKi AskMnY njv 30 kZvski bxP|118 GQvov, cvkvK wk KvR Kivi Rb cqvRb DuPz gvbi wbLuyZ KvR, hv hKvb cvkvK wk Di PvKzixRxebi Rb g~jevb `Zv| evsjv`k GKwU cwievi Mo iKW msLv njv 4.8 Rb, Gi A_ njv h, 15.5 wgwjqb jvKi RxweKv cvkvK wk wbq bvixi KvRi Dci wbfikxj ev gvUvgywU fve `ki 10 kZvsk jvK| 119

mgvR wj-f~wgKvi AvaywbKvqb gwnjviv GKwU iZc~Y f~wgKv cvjb Ki| D`vniYic, hLvb GKvKx GKRb gwnjvi ivvq _vKv evsjv`ki ibkxj g~jevai mv_ mvgmc~Y bq, mLvb cvkvK wki eabkxjZvi Rb GLb GwU GKwU hwK welq, hwÌ GwU AwZ mvcwZK ewk| A_bxwZZ Zvì iZc~Y f~wgKv mZI KviLvbvq bvixì _K myhvM bqvI elgi Zviv mnR je Ges cwZMZfve Zvì cqvRb gUvbv nq bv| cvqB AweevwnZ, Kg wkwZ ev cwkwZ, Mo 19 eQi eqm bvixiv ki KvR cek Ki hLvb eZb, Kg ji Aev ev cgvkbi Aev Zzjbvg~jKfve Lvivc| m~Y wk RyoB Zviv mvaviYZ: A`, Kg eZbf~K Ges cvqB Abvoi KvR I Nivqv KvR wj _vK| AbK B ivbxg~Lx cvkvK wk bvixi KvR wj-k~bvb Kwgq GbQ ZviciI mycvifvBRvi ev ee vcK Aevb Lye Kg msLK gwnjv _vKvq GB elg kgvb| AwaKvsk gwnjv kwKìB KvRi mvaviYZ: Lye Kg cfve _vK Ges cvqB msMwVZ nevi ev Kvb BDwbqb hvM èvi AwaKvi _K Zvì ewZ Kiv nq| Gi cwZ Di, Gwkqv dvi IqR Gjvq (GGdWweDG) bvg GKwU AvRvwZK msMVb hv UW BDwbqb I kwgK AwaKvi ivq Av`vjb Ges cvkvK kwgKì Rxebhvcbi wbwg eZbi Rb Av`vjb Ki| GwU GwkqvZ emevmi Rb Kg eZb nIqv ìKvi Zv wnmve Ki|120

AbK DVwZ Drcv`b evRvi hfve cvkvK wk kwgKì eevcbv Kiv nq ZvZ KviLvbvq, Ni ev KvR Avmv hvIqvi DMi mw KiQ| D`vnibîc:KviLvbvjv cvqB mvwbUvix bvcwKb c vb Ki bv ev fZywK g~j c vb Ki bv hwÌ FZzmve RwbZ AbycwwZi msLv GKwU mvaviY welq| v mwKZ AwaKvii AZv meB Qwoq AvQ, hgb : gvZZKvjxb QywU, KviLvbvq wkì hZ bqvi myweav, ev bvwms QywU| evsjv`k, cvkvK wk kwgKì jv KvRi mgq Ges miKvix nvmcvZvjjvZ `xN Acvi mgq AwaKvsk kwgKì Rb nvmcvZvj hvIqv Ame Ki ZzjQ| RvZxq AvBb Abyhvqx, 300 Rbi AwaK kwgKì KviLvbvq GKRb dzj UvBg Wvvi _vKv DwPZ| AwaKvsk KviLvbvB GB cqvRbxqZv c~iY e_ nq Ges ay mvgvb wKQy gwjK Jla-cmn GKwU wKwbK K c vb Ki|

Dcii eYbv Abyhvqx, Avgvì AbjvBb RwicI evsjv`ki wj elgi welqwU GKwU iZc~Y welq wnmve GmQ, cwZcv`K mv cgvYI wbiU D`vniYic, Ab GKwU mgxvi Rb mvvrKvi bqv 988 Rb KviLvbvi kwgK cvq GK ZZxqvsk gwnjv hb wbhvZb ev KvRi ZvìK AmZfve k Kiv nqQ ej RvwbqQb (h_vg 297 I 290)| 121 Uweji Dci `vwoq _vKv QvovI Abvb kvw Ges AbK kwgK fqfxwZ c kbi K_vI DjL KiQb|122 hvì mvvrKvi bqv nqQ, Gi cvq AaK (484) K PvKzixPz wZi fq `Lvbv nqQ Ges GK ZZxqvskiI ekx (333) kwgKK Rj ciY ev Rvi c~eK bM Kivi fq `Lvbv nqQ (328)| 123 nqivwb ev bvRnvj Ges wj wfwK fq c kbi welq GB wk weivU gZ cv_K iqQ| Avgiv hw` evsjv`ki welq wbq GK wgwbU wPv Kwi , Avgiv Aek DjL Kie h, hLvb gwLK nqivwb Ges kvixwiK kvw evcK njI alY Zzjbvg~jK fve weij Ges QvU KviLvbvjvZB Zv mxgve| Aviv mvaviY welq njv h, Lye DuPz gvvq hb k Ges kvixwiK fvlv eenvi Ki bvix kwgKì kLjvwqZ Kivi welq hv GKwU weic I hb fvivv cwiek Zix Ki| ivZi KvR alY ev hb AvgYi LyeB SuywKc~Y wekl Ki hviv GcvU cmwms Rvb (BwcwR) Gi fZi bb Ggb KviLvbvq KvR Kib|

GB mKj cheY AbK Zvrch c vb Ki| h Kvb Kkj hv aygv mgmvK mvgwqKfve wbqYKi Zv nZ ne cyivcywi eve mZ wekl Ki bvix kwgKì Ges `Zv, cwkY I Drcv`bkxjZv ew hv eemv I mgvR yUvKB DcKZ Kie| wki `xNgqv`x vwqZi Rb GKwU 2.0 Kkj cqvRb hv bvixK KviLvbvi MUi evBiI kwkvjx Kie| Gi A_ njv, cieZx cRbi Kkj Ggbfve g~jvqb KiZ ne hv KvRi Ae v I wj-wfwK welqwjK mgvavb Kie| `vwqZkxjì AwZwi KvR nvZ bqvi RbI Zix _vKZ ne Ges ivRbwZK gZvqb I cvkvK wki mv_

2014 - Page 22 of 44


RwoZ eni Av`vjb eySZ ne| Avgvì MelYvq `Lv MQ h, Gi Rb eZgvb eeZ Kgcv _K mi AvmZ ne| AbK Awf mvvrKvix Zzj aiQb h, KvRi Aev gvKvejv Kivi cPv cvqB kwgKì `wKvY _K `Lv nq, hv wj mwKZ mgmv Ges Z_vKw_Z UW BDwbqb _K Avjv`v hLvb bvixì welqwU cyivcywi vb cvq bv| wk icvi ARb KiZ nj, KvRi Ae v Dbqb GKwU bZzb chvqi DPvwfjvl cqvRb| Drcv`bkxjZv I wj DfqB iZc~Y| mdj cqvMi Rb cqvRb ne `xN gqv`x weic GbwRI- cvBfU LvZ mK hv eo AvKvi chv msLK KviLvbvq YMZfve i KZ ne| Dci, KvRi Ae vi Dbqb, Drcv`b, cwZ I cwiKvVvgv Gì Qvov LvcQvovfve nZ cvi bv, hgbwU bxP AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ| ivmvqwbKi mgvavb hv kwgKì v I wbivcvi Rb GKwU gyL welq |

2014 - Page 23 of 44


ivmvqvwbK e: kwgKi v I wbivcvi Rb wZKi GB welqwU iq MQ DcwZ

cvkvK mieivn PBb LyeB m` mg| ivmvqwbK ei eenviI GZ Afy| Mxbwcm Abyhvqx, cw_exZ gvU Zix ivmvqwbK ei cvq 25 kZvsk UUvBj MvgUm& ev e I cvkvK wk eeZ nq| 124 1wKjvMvg Kvco ZixZ 100 _K 1000 Mvg ivmvqwbK e eeZ nq| 125 GBme ivmvqwbK ei AbKjvB gvbe`n wZKi cfve dj| UUvBj e ivmvqwbK c`v_i msk Avmvi dj v Lvivc djvdj nq hv gvivZK welwqv _K i Ki `xNgqv`x cfve hgb Kvvi ch nZ cvi| mB Abyhvqx GKwU UKmB cvkvK mieivn PBb cKkj cieZx cRbi Kkj KZKjv welq AekB weePbvq AvbZ ne| GBjv njv kwgKì v Ges wbivcvi welq mg~n, eenviKvix Ges mvgwMK fve cwiek ivmvqwbK èi eenvi I Ae`vb|126 ZvQvov, weki wbqg Kvbyb mgvb bq| bZzb BDivcxqvb KwgKvj j AviBGwmGBP ev wiP (iwRkb, Bfvjyqkb G A_ivBRkb Ae KwgKvj&m) Gi gvag BDivc KwVb wbqg-Kvbyb ceZbi dj, AbK ivmvqwbK Drcv`bKvix Zvì Drcv`b cwZvb GwkqvZ mwiq wbqQ| 127 geagvb cvkvK I UUvBj c Z Ges evcK AvKvi wmb_wUK m~Zv I Zzjv Zixi gvag Pxb UUvBj KwgKvji Rb meenr evRvi cwiYZ nqQ|128 Pxb eZgvb weki 42 kZvsk UUvBj ivmvqwbK c`v_ eenvi Ki| 129 cKZc MZ 25 eQi Gwkqvq cw_exi AwaKvsk wki weKvk NUQ, eZgvb cw_exi ivmvqwbK ei wewi cvq AaK GLvb eeZ nq|130 wiP-Gi gZv AvBb Kvbyb eZgvb Gwkqvq AvjvPbvq GmQ| hgb Rvcvbi KwgKvj mvevU KUvj j 1973 mskvwaZ g 2009, Pxb gRvim& di w` GbfvqigUvj GWwgwbkb Ae wbD KwgKvjm& mvev bwgbkb G wbD KwgKvj bvwUwdKkb hv Gwcj 2009 G NvwlZ nqQ Ges 2012 mvj fviZ GKwU bvkbvj KwgKvj cwjwm wbq AvjvPbvi cwqv i nqQ| 131 c Z cwZZ ivmvqwbK welq wKQy welq Kiv hZ cvi| c_gZ:cwZ AcwUgvBRkb viv h Kvb e ZixZ ivmvqwbK èi eenvi nvm Kiv, cvqB 20 kZvsk idv Kiv hvq|132 Kg wecbK Ggb KwgKvj viv cwZvcb KivI GKwU DchvMx cwZ| cvkvKRvZ e ZixZ eeZ wKQy ivmvqwbK ei wKQy AwbwnZ ewk _vK ej Rvbv hvq hv cwiek DMRbKfve wbMZ nq| ek wKQy Zvì KLbB fvjvfve cixv Kiv nqwb|133 AviKwU weePbvi welq njv cwkY| Drcv`bi KvR D`xqgvb evRvijvZ mwiq bqvi ci _K cvkvK I e wki kwgKì wbqwgZ AcZzj cwkY `qv nq, wKfve Zviv wecbK ivmvqwbKi mv_ KvR Kieb Ges Zvì mvaviYZ: wecbK c`v_i mv_ KvR KiZ myivi Afve AvQ| `Z dvkb Dei ci v Kgx I wbivcvi Ges cwiekMZ Dbqbi Rb GUv eySv iZc~Y| `Z dvkb (hgb, GKgv 14 w`b njv Z dvkb LyPiv weZvi Rb hgb, BbwWU, Rviv) - Gi A_ njv Drcb è cixv Kivi Kvb mgq bvB| MelKiv ei KiQb h, wek gvci 20 wU dvkb evi cvkvK wewfb aibi wecbK ivmvqwbKi Aewkvsk cvIqv MQ| 134 GQvov ZixKZ cvkvKB ay bq, GB mKj cvkvK hLvb Zix Kiv nq cvwbZ wgk hvevi dj mme vbi cwieki DciI Gi eo aibi cfve co| ZixKZ cvkvK cixvi cwieZ mePq Kg wecbK ivmvqwbK eQ bqv - GwMq hvevi GKwU mve c`c| hnZz ivmvqwbK mieivnKvixi MvcbxqZvi KviY eeZ ivmvqwbKi MVb cKvk Ki bv ZvB Zvì mZv Qvov wk icvi KwVb ne|135 Kgx I fvvi v wbivcv Dbqbi j GKwU cwZMZ c_g c`c ne mve LiP mqi cwigvY wbYq Kiv hv AviI fvjv A_bwZK Afvm Zix Kie Ges hv Zzjbvg~jK wbivc` ivmvqwbK eenvii Rb Z_i cmvi NUve|

2014 - Page 24 of 44


5.4 PvwjKvkw 4: kxl vbxq cwZhvMxì myPPv AbyKiY Kiv

gvMZ Avwe Z PvKvi QvuP _K f ei nq AvmvB njv j ARbi PvweKvwV| mvgvwRK I cwiekMZ myPPv _K AbK

wKQy kLvi AvQ| Abi Abykxjb I wkYxq welq _K wkv bqv nQ GKwU A_c~Y Dcvq I Gi gvag wkvi eqfvi Kg ivLv hvq| AwM I feb wbivcv nQ Ggb GKwU welq hvi gvag Ae vi Dbqb NUvbv hvq| AwM I wbivcvi welqwU myivnv Kivi Rb32 wU ev GK GKwU AvBbMZ `wjj GKW Ab dvqvi G wews mdwU vi KiQ hv GK`j AvRvwZK kg BDwbqb (hgb: Bvwqvj, Mvevj BDwbqb G w` BDwb Mvevj BDwbqb) viv m~wPZ nqQ Ges bZ vbxq GbwRIì (hgb: wKb K_m& KvBb Ges IqvKvm ivBU KbmvwUqvg) 136 Askx`vixZi wfwZ gvwKb AvBbMZ ee vq AwfhvRbi Rb gvwKb LyPiv weZv Ges cvkvK evjv cieZxZ Gjvq di evsjv`k IqvKvi mdwU MVb KiQ hvZ A-AvBbMZ KvVvgvi welqwj gvKvejv Kiv hvq|137 GKW Ges Gjvq ywUB ivbv cvRv `~NUbvi mivmwi cwZwqv| hgbwU Avgvì GKRb AbjvBb Di`vZv ge KiQb, cvkvK wki mv_ mwKZ cwZwU Kvvbx Ges evsjv`k ivbv cvRv `~NUbvi viv wZM nqQ, GwU wki GKwU DcmM Ges ay GKwU ~NUbv bq| 138

GLb hv ìKvi Zvnjv, hwÌ Zv cieZx cRbi Rb D`vM hv mvgvwRK, cwiekMZ I A_bwZK Dbqbi j 1wU evcK `kb| GB cvBgvii c~ei AavqjvZ ek wKQ~ feb eK wbq AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ| Ges AwZwi D`vM mg~nI weePbv KiZ ne| D`vniY ic ` imcwmej G GKvDUej MvgUm& mi (AviGwRGm ev ivMm), Pvj dv wWcvUgU di BUvibvkbvj WfjcgU (wWGdAvBwW) Gi BDK GBW viv mgw_Z, Ges Gi M vwUiv gvV chvq DbwZi Rb g~jevb gZvgZ w`Z cvib|139 Dchy cRjvK 3 eQi (2010-2013) ai mnhvwMZv `qvi Rb ivMm, 3 wgwjqb cvD w`q Zix Kiv nqQ hvZ cRjv Kg cwZ ewi Dcvq LyuRZ cvi| cvkvK wk QvU eo cwZvb, cvkvK mieivn PBb, eemv, kg, dqvi UW Ges Abvb e-miKvix cwZvbjvK GwU mnhvwMZv c vb Ki| Gwkqv I AvwdKvi mvnviv Aji wbg Avqi `kjv hjv BDKi evRvi mieivn Ki Zvì kwgKì ga AviI fvjv Kg cwZ LyuR ei Kivi cPv njv GKwU mvaviY welq| ivMm _K cv wkYxq welq mg~n wbgi mgvavb U jvBU AvjvwPZ njv| Dbqbkxj GRx I bZ vbxq AjvfRbK cwZvbjvi mgqi gvag Dbqbkxj wk mg~n wk icvii cwZ i KiZ cvi - GUvB wQj g~j j| GB bq h, GB Pvj aygv eemvi DciB Qo `qv| GB cwiwwZ gvbweK c~uwR - k~bvb gvKvejvi I mgvbfve mZ| KvwiMix `Zv Qvov Drcv`b ew I Drcv`bi YMZ gvb ew fyiZv ew Ki| ee vcbv `Zv Qvov, weic kwgK mK mKj cKB Abyrcv`b wqv Kg I wbg `Zvi ga mxgve Ki dj| GwU ekx eZb c vb evavi mw Ki| weki cvkvK wkK Dbqbkxj `ki nvZ Qo `qv HwZnvwmKfveB vb I `Zvi AfveK dzwUq Zzj| hvBnvK, GKwU UKmB wek cvkvK wki Rb mKj chvqi AviI `Zvi cqvRb, `kjvi Rb ivmvqwbK wbevPb _K i Ki c~e I Drcv`b Di mev mg~n hgb: wWRvBb I gvb hvPvB mdj chvqB GB `Zvi cqvRb| Gi Rb Lye eo gvci gvbweK cyuwRi cqvRb|

2014 - Page 25 of 44


wk icvi cavb Dcv`vb-ivMm Pvj dv _K cv wkv

cvkvK wki Rb GKwU wk icvii iZc~Y ck njv wKfve GKwU Z cR hv mvgvwRK ev cwiekMZ fve GwMq hvQ ZvK GKwU -wbqwZ Ges Av`k ic Mo Zvjv hvq wKbv, fvjv myPPvi gvag w`b w`b Zvì c`wP ivLe I me Av`k ic Mo DVe| ` imcwmej G GKvDUej MvgUm mi (ivMm),

Pvj dvi Pvj I Ae`vbI MyiyZc~Y hvMm~i welq mg~n msc AvjvPbv Kiv hZ cvi| BDK wWcvUgU di BUvibvkbvj WfjcgU (wWGdAvBwW) viv A_cy I gvIij v wcGjwm viv PvwjZ GB dv eZgvb e| ivMm evsjv`k, fviZ, jmbv Ges bcvji Zwi cvkvK wki (ivMm) fyi kwgKì Ae v Dbqbi Rb cvq 3 wgwjqb cvDi 11wU cRK dv c vb Ki|140 cRMyjvi evav mg~n hv GB cvBgvii wewfb

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KggZvq Avmj ewaZ m` Drcv`bkxjZv, mq Ges ivR ewi ga hvMm~ vcb Ki, AvgvìK

2014 - Page 26 of 44


GKwU Dfq msKUi wbimb KiZ ne Avi Zv njv, ewMZ cuywR I KviLvbvq Zviji gvag m` wbqY Ges kwgKì bZzb wbqvM KZvi KvQ mwiq bqv|

AvcMW I Drcv`bkxj mì Ici cfve weviwfwK ee vcbvi mnRZi Kivi Rb Dbqbi wk Aby`vbi cvkvcvwk g~jab wewbqvMmn Knvviì Drmvn `vb weePbv Kiv hvi dj Abvbì cuywP

vbviu mnR Kiv, A_ev Drcv`b vb bM` LiP enb Kie bv Ggb hgb cvwb eenviiK AfixY Kiv|

2014 - Page 27 of 44


6 Dcmsnvi: mvgb c_ AvQ wK?

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weki e I cvkvK wki icvi Kiv hvZ mieivn PBb Q _vK, KvRi kZ mg~n h_vh_ nq Ges cwiekMZ cfve mewb chvq ivLv hvq| GBme KiZ nj AbK KvR Ki wbZ ne Ges cwieZbi Rb RvUe nZ ne| evsjv`ki Rvbyqvwi 2014 mvj AbywZe mvaviY wbevPb cvkvK wk I Gi evBi wav- Ges DMi ew NwUqQ , ZvB GLbv G `ki evcvi Kvb wmv cuQvbv hvQ bv| wK wk GKwKiY Ges vbvii KvR Pxb, Rvcvb, gvqvbgvi I _vBjvi gZv vb BwZgaB PjQ| Avgiv Rvwb bv wekK 2050 mvj Kgb `Lve, wK Avgiv Rvwb h hZw`b gvbyl _vKe ZZw`b cvkvKi Pvwn`v _vKe| 9 wewjqb gvbylK cvkvK cwiavb KiZ ne - `LZ fvjvjvMv I fvjv eva Kivi K_v Zviv AekB fvee| hvBnvK, AdvW xUi Zvì wfo _K evsjv`ki cwZev`Kvixì `vv ch, AvRKi cvkvK wk fwelZ UKmB I jvfRbKfve Pvwn`v gUvbvi Rb GLbI c Z bq| Avgvì AbjvBb Rwici GKRb Di`vZv bvUKxq fw cKvk Ki ejQb h, Zvi fq nq fwelZi AvRvwZK e I cvkvK wk AvaywbKKvji `vm Zwii Z cwiYZ ne|150

Avgvì mvgb h avuavwU AvQ Zv RwUj, Gi AbK AskB cvIqv hvQ bv Ges wec` Lye ekx| wK Avgiv hw` GLb i Kwi Ze Avgiv m~ vcb KiZ cvie h, KvbwU KvR Ki Ges Rvbe h KvbwU KvR Ki bv Ges GKwU KvhKi I UKmB fwelZi Rb evwR aiZ cvie| GLvb h weklY Dc vcb Kiv nqQ ZvZ `Lv hvq h, wbqgZvwK icvi me hw` mswk cavb Mvxjv c`c bevi evcvi `p, mnhvwMZvc~Y I mvnmx gbvfve `Lvq| cvqB cwieZb i nq GKRb GKK bZv ev DvebKvixi gvag wK cwieZbi Rb RvUe Kvb enr kw Qvov KLbB Kvb icv i NUwb| mdj nevi Rb, Ab wki Zzjbvq cwieZb ay Aviv fvjv nIqvUvB h_ bq, GK mswk wewfb MvxK cwZwbwaZKvix iZc~Y ccvkKì AvK KiZ ne hvì K_v c~e AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ| wekl Ki evsjv`ki Rb, Avgvì Ab jvBb Rwici Di `vZvì gZ hviv LvZ Abyhvqx mgvavb `vb mg I mePq ekx Ae`vb ivLZ mg Zvì ga iqQ: evsjv`kx miKvix ms v mg~n - 35.29 kZvski gZ, Zvì bUIqvK, AvRvwZK Kcvikbjv 26.47 kZvski gZ, AvRvwZK dvDkb mg~n 2.94 kZvski gZ,AvRvwZK GbwRI mg~n - 5.88 kZvski gZ, vbxq mieivnKvixiv 8.82 kZvski gZ, eRvwZK Dbqb mnhvMx (hgb wek evsK)2.94 kZvski gZ, kwgKiv 8.82 kZvski gZ Ges Abvb 5.88 kZvski gZ| 151 GB msw iPbvi c~ei AavqjvZ, e I cvkvK wki UKmB evRvi icvii Rb iciLv Zzj aiv nqQ| GLvb `xN gqv`x evRvi icvii c_ AMmi nevi Rb GKwU mgwZ Vv Dcvcb Kiv nqQ| Avmj K_v njv, hv meB Kiv nqQ| abx kwYK AvKlb I we`k

2014 - Page 28 of 44


KviLvbv vcb ZLbB cwZhvMxZvc~Y ne hLb h cwqv I Kvhgi gvag Zv Kiv ne Zv ne| msc Ges bxP gvqvbgvii h wP Zzj aiv nqQ Zv BswMZ Ki h, Kej cieZx `ki mxgv eQ bqv GLbI cavb cwiPvjbv cwZ| wK ivbv cvRvi `~NUbv Ges Pjgvb wechq I Gi cwiYwZ GUvB cKvk Ki h, GKivLv I gvnxbfve Kej GwMq hvIqvUv G wki Rb LyeB SzuwKc~Y nq hve| mfvMg hwÌ AmsL gvb wbgvYi myhvM Acv KiQ - myhvM hv eemvq cwieZb Avbvi Avw_K I mvgvwRK wfw c vb Kie| Avgvì weklY BswMZ Ki h, bxPi welqjv mvdji mvebvK weklfve cfvweZ Kie:

1 gbvhvM K`x~fzZ Kiv cqvRb| AbK mgmv AvQ, wK Zviv me Drcv`b chvq `Lv hvq| mjv mgvavb Kivi Rb GKwU mywbw` Ges DPvwf

dr. maximilian martin - bgc¨v± b‡kvbwg – 2014, · †cvkvk wk‡íi †ukmb f¨vjy †pbb...

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