P R E S E N T E D BY :

M O H A M M A D J A M A LU D D I N N A S E E M

P R I YA N K A S E N G A R

M . A R C H ( B U I L D I N G S E R V I C E S ) S E M - I

ELEVATOR SYSTEM IN DELHI METRO STATIONS

G U I D E D BY :

AR. MOHD. FIROZ ANWAR

F/O ARCHITECTURE & EKISTICS JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA

ELEVATORS

An ELEVATOR is a type of vertical transportation that moves people or goods between floors of a building

Elevators are powered by electric motors that either drive traction cables or counterweight systems like a hoist or pump hydraulic fluid to raise a cylindrical piston like a jack.

KEY PARTS of an elevator are : • One or more cars (metal boxes) that rise up and

down. • Counterweights that balance the cars. • An electric motor that hoists the cars up and down,

including a braking system. • A system of strong metal cables and pulleys running

between the cars and the motors.

LIFT

TYPES OF ELEVATOR

• Ideal for low rise, low traffic installations. • mechanically simpler and cheaper to install • consume more power

• HYDRAULIC ELEVATORS : A hydraulic system contains two pistons that are connected by a tube.

• The pistons and the tubes are filled completely with an incompressible fluid like water or oil.

• Hydraulic elevators use the principles of hydraulics to pressurize an above ground or in-ground piston to raise and lower the car

Two types of elevator- HYDRAULIC ELEVATORS and CABLE SYSTEM ELEVATORS

• The hoist ropes are attached to the elevator car, and looped around a sheave. A sheave is a pulley with a groove.

• The sheave is connected to an electric motor. When the motor turns one way, the sheave raises the elevator; when the motor turns the other way, the sheave lowers the elevator.

• In gearless elevators, the motor rotates the sheaves directly.

• In geared elevators, the motor turns a gear train that rotates the sheave.

CABLE SYSTEM ELEVATORS

ROLE OF ELEVATORS IN METRO STATIONS Delhi Metro is a rapid transit system built and operated by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited ,serving Delhi, Gurgaon and NCR.

• Lifts have been provided for hassle free transit between different levels of stations especially for Differently abled, Elderly and ailing passengers.

• They are designed for proper interface with Visually or hearing impaired passengers.

Lift for persons with disabilities

ANALYSIS – MAJOR FOOTFALL, TIMING, FREQUENCY

• About 26 lakh people travel daily by metro . • Peak hours between 8am – 10 am and 5 pm – 7pm. •First train starts at 5 am •Last train at 11.30pm

LEVELS OF ELEVATORS IN METRO STATIONS Stations consists of three floors 1. Ground level – Entry points, Staircase, escalator, lift to concourse level. 2. Concourse level - Passengers facilities like, Token counter, entry gates to paid area.

Lift, staircase and escalator to platform level. Concourse level consists of two zones. so, separate lift for paid zone and separate lift for unpaid zone required. 3. Platform level – Train track, Assembly area, staircase, escalator, lift

Concourse level

Paid zone UnPaid zone Fair collection system

ELEVATOR COMPANIES LISTED FOR METRO STATIONS Mitsubishi Kone Otis Johnson Thyssenkrupp

Mitsubishi has supplied maximum MRL lifts in delhi metro.

Machine room-less elevators are designed so that most of the components like permanent magnet synchronous (PMS) gearless drive unit fit within the shaft containing the elevator car.

MACHINE ROOM-LESS (MRL) ELEVATOR

FEATURES • 1 to 1.75m/sec speed lift • Stainless steel car with automatic center opening doors with

screened infrared door protection • sleek architectural design • Exceptionally quiet and Smooth • use less energy (70-80% less than standard hydraulic elevators) • uses no oil • slightly lower cost than other elevators • can operate at faster speeds than hydraulics

• Lift pit size should be minimum 2500x2200 for a 13 passenger lift capacity

• There must be minimum 2400mm Queuing space outside lift .

• Lift System must be Machine room less to save the space.

• Maximum travel distance shall not exceed 90m from any point on platform to exit.

CONTROLS EXTERNAL CONTROLS • a call box, which has up and down buttons, at each stop. When

pressed at a certain floor, the button calls the elevator to pick up more passengers.

• If the particular elevator is currently serving traffic in a certain direction, it will only answer calls in the same direction unless there are no more calls beyond that floor.

• Key switches may be installed on the ground floor so that the elevator can be remotely switched on or off from the outside.

An external control panel

GENERAL CONTROLS • Fans or air conditioning units to enhance circulation and

comfort. • A control panel with Call buttons, Door open and Door close

buttons, An alarm button. • A stop switch to halt the elevator while in motion • Overload sensor — prevents the elevator from moving until

excess load has been removed • Plain walls or mirrored walls. • An elevator telephone, which can be used by a trapped

passenger to call for help Control station

SAFETY MEASURES DOOR SAFETY DEVICES Safety devices ensure that the doors are clear to open and close. Depending on the type of sensor, the detection area differs. • passenger safety • improved traffic flow • reduced collisions between trolleys,

wheelchairs and the elevator doors

Hall Motion Sensor

Multi-beam Door Sensor

EARTHQUAKE EMERGENCY RETURN When a primary and/or secondary wave seismic sensor is activated, all cars stop at the nearest floor and park there with the doors open to facilitate the safe evacuation of passengers.

AUTOMATIC RESCUE DEVICE (ARD) • Upon power failure, the car automatically

moves to the nearest floor using a rechargeable battery to facilitate the safe evacuation of passengers.

• A small box with four 12v batteries or three 24v batteries

CLEAR FONT AND TACTILE BUTTONS

The font for buttons is highly visible. On tactile buttons in particular, the font makes letters/numbers easy for visually-impaired passengers to distinguish. BRAILLE

FIRE SERVICE

FIRE LIFT OPERATION MODE • activated by smoke sensor or heat sensor in the building. • The elevator leaves floor and will go to the fire-recall Floor and stops with its doors open. • The elevator will no longer respond to calls or move in any direction. Located on the fire-

recall floor is a fire-service key switch.

• Landing doors in lift -fire resistance of not less than one hour.

• Lift car door -fire resistance rating of one hour. • Grounding switch at ground floor to enable the

fire services to ground the lifts. • a plan for each floor showing the location of

Fire Exit Staircase. • fire retardant low smoke cables

FIRE MAN FIGHTING OPERATION MODE • activated by a key switch located inside the elevator on the centralized control panel. • created for firefighters to rescue people • three positions: off, on, and hold. • Once the elevator gets to the desired floor,it will not open its doors unless the firefighter

holds the door open button. The firefighter must hold door open until the door is completely opened.

EFFICIENT HOISTING MOTOR AND MACHINERY hoisting motor and highly efficient drive system delivers better energy efficiency, helping to reduce operating costs and building’s carbon footprint. MORE ADVANCED STANDBY SOLUTIONS Standby power operation of controller, drive and optionally signalization provides substantial energy saving

• Elevators usually travel using power from a power supply,however,when they travel down with a heavy car load or up with a light car load (regenerative operation),the traction machine functions as a power generator.

• Although the power generated during traction machine operation is usually dissipated as heat, the regenerative converter transmits the power back to the distribution transformer and feeds it into the electrical network in the building along with electricity from the power supply.

ECO-EFFICIENT REGENERATIVE DRIVE

ECO-EFFICIENCY

• Incoming mains AC power is first rectified to DC and then inverted to provide controlled AC current to the elevator drive.

• Precision monitoring of motor speed and car direction, position and load enable the pulse width of the AC power supplied to the motor to be adjusted to ensure that elevator speed is maintained very accurately to an ideal profile.

• VVVF offers a) Total control at all stages of the motion cycle. b) A consistent fully adjustable smooth ride c) Better levelling accuracy under all conditions d) A higher power factor e) Lower starting current (1.8x of the rated

current) f) Energy saving through reduced power

consumption.

VARIABLE VOLTAGE AND VARIABLE FREQUENCY (VVVF) DRIVE SYSTEM

LED LIGHTING

Used for ceiling lights, LEDs boost the overall energy performance of the building. Furthermore, a long service life eliminates the need for frequent lamp replacement.

CAR LIGHT/FAN SHUT OFF – AUTOMATIC (CLO-A/CFO-A)

The car lighting/ventilation fan is automatically turned off if there are no calls for a specified period.

MRTS Station serves for three groups of people:

• The passengers

• The operators

• General public THE PASSENGERS The primary concern is to provide easy access to passengers from entrance to concourse level then concourse to platform level with minimum possible time. THE OPERATOR Station should be a quality place of work, which would help to increase the working efficiency of station employees. THE PUBLIC IN GENERAL A MRTS station should be planned in such manner that, there should be provision of links to other transportation system (like, buses, taxis etc.).

PRINCIPAL OF STATION PLANNING

HANDLING CAPACITY & RTT : The handling capacity is calculated by the formula:

H = (300 x Q x 100)/T x P Where H = Handling capacity as the percentage of the peak population handled during 5 min. Q = Average number of passengers carried in a car T = waiting interval, and P = Total population to be handled during peak period.

The waiting interval is calculated by the formula :

T = RTT/N Where, T = waiting interval N = number of lifts RTT = round trip time, that is, the average time required by each lift in taking one full load of passengers from ground floor, discharging them in various upper floors and coming back to ground floor for taking fresh passengers for the next trip.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

A carefully designed lift important for easy accessibility

Lift locations should be clearly sign posted from the main pedestrian route and recognizable through design and location.

The positioning of elevators should be integrated with User flows throughout the Station.

These shall be positioned to encourage left hand circulation and minimize conflicting User movements.

Adequate space for queuing shall be provided elevators

The lift lobby shall be of an inside measurement of 1800mm X 2000mm or more.

A clear landing area in front of the lift doors of minimum dimensions 1500mm x 1500mm should be provided.

There should be no level difference between lift door and the floor surface at each level; the gap if unavoidable should not be more than 12mm.

Elevators shall have minimum opening dimensions of 900 mm x 2100.

Custodial Room ,Trash Room to be located at the concourse/passageway level in close proximity to the elevator.

CASE STUDY Case study has been performed on VAISHALI METRO

STATION which is one of the most densely populated areas of Ghaziabad.

This station is elevated and have side platform.

The length of platform is 186 m.

Average daily footfall is 45000 approx.

4 elevators installed

2 elevator from ground to concourse level (unpaid area) and two from concourse to platform level (paid area).

All 13 passenger elevators.

Machine room less elevators installed. Load capacity- 13 persons/1000kg

Lift for physically challenged And elderly people

ENTRY POINT -1 (FROM MAIN ROAD)

ENTRY POINT -2

Lift – from ground to concourse lvl.

Lift – from ground to concourse lvl.

Circulation area

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

CONCOURSE LEVEL PLAN

Unpaid area Unpaid area

Paid area

LIFT-1 LIFT-2

LIFT-3

LIFT-4

PLATFORM LEVEL PLAN

T R A C K

Lift – from concourse to platform lvl.

Lift – from concourse to platform lvl.

Queue space

Lift capacity – 13 passengers Lift well size – 2500x2200mm Lift pit – 1650mm deep Lift well roof – 4250mm from last landing Queue space – 2400mm wide

PLAN

SECTION

Presently, the Delhi Metro operates 399 lifts and 490 escalators across its 140 Metro Stations

72 crore Metro commuters use these lifts and escalators every year while traversing in Delhi Metro. On a daily basis, 12 lakh people use escalators while 3 lakh use lifts.

Need for more escalators and elevators. It may be because escalators or elevators are not available in certain exits/directions or because escalators and elevators are often not installed to connect with station plazas or roads outside the station.

survey by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), under “The Study on Strengthening Intermodal Transfer Functions of Urban Railway Systems.” showed-

INCREASING DEMAND

• Provisions shall be made in the design for the removal and replacement of elevators, escalators (including the escalator trusses), and other major equipment (fans, transformers, etc.) during the life of the station with minimal disruption of station and train operations.

• recommendation for the installation of lifts with higher speed upto 2.50 m / s speed and 18 people passenger capacity.

Some measures to meet the demand • In 2013, an order for 143 elevators from the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) to

KONE ,to be installed in the third phase of Metro network . • Separate entry and exit gates to be erected for better passenger flow in Chandni Chowk. • Chawri Bazar Metro Station to receive a high-capacity lift on Hauz Qazi side of the station. • Gurgaon-Qutab Minar corridor, 25 lifts and 31 escalators to be installed in the nine

stations

• Entry should be well marked & emphasized and must be at right locations to ensure non conflicting movement of arriving and departing passengers.

• Uniformly located boarding and dispersal points at the platform supported by appropriate capacities of staircase & escalators.

• Pedestrian must be well separated from vehicular traffic. • Layout of operational areas must provide good visibility of the concourse and platform

for easy surveillance and supervision using minimum staff. • Station manger should have direct access to station control room. • Adequate provision of passenger evacuation in the case of emergency. • Convenient accessibility from all parking areas.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://www.avire-global.com/fr/casestudies/memco-supplies-door-safety-systems-and-elevator-displays-to-over-200-of-delhi-metros-elevators/

http://www.otis.com/_layouts/ProjectNewsPopup.aspx?ID=30&siteURL=http://www.otis.com/site/in/pages/default.aspx

http://dpcc.delhigovt.nic.in/eia/eirdmrcitpark.pdf

http://www.ndtv.com/delhi-news/delhi-metro-stations-to-be-connected-with-skywalks-and-elevators-561715

http://www.punecorporation.org/informpdf/Metro/DPR_Metro_Aug_2014.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevator

THANK YOU