feminity in santana dharma

8/7/2019 Feminity in Santana Dharma

1/48

1

The Feminine in HinduThe Feminine in Hindu

DharmaDharma

A Tribute to Hindu Women


2/48

2

More beautiful than Aishwarya.

CBS 60 minutes in Jan 05 featuresAsh, the most beautiful woman inthe world according to Julia Roberts

Ash surprises the interviewer andtakes him to meet someone more

beautiful, more glamorous than her!She takes him to a Ganesh Mandir,and prays. She starts each day with aprayer go Shri Ganesh

Surrounded by Bollywood glitter,

why did Aishwarya still keep theflame of Dharma alive?

What did Hindu Dharma offer to her?

What is the status of women in Hindu

Dharma?


3/48

3

Women and the Divine Word (Vedas)

Hindus have four revealed texts: Rigveda,Samaveda, Atharvaveda, Yajurveda

Of the 407 Sages ofRigvedaRigveda, 21 are women.Many significant hymns are by women.

Recitation ofAtharvavedaAtharvaveda starts with

invocation to Devi: shanno devirbhishtiye.Book XIV of this Veda and sections in otherbooks also attributed to Women Sages(Rishik)

Recitation ofSamavedaSamaveda often accompanied by

playing of instruments by women. Several mantras from YajurvedaYajurveda (e.g. Sukla

YV 5.17) specifically recited by women.

CONCLUSION: The belief that women cannotstudy the Vedas is false, and later concoction.


4/48

4

Women as Vedic Deities (Devis)Women as Vedic Deities (Devis) G

ayatri, the Mother of Vedas (Atharva Veda19.71.1)

Both male and female deities are extolled in the

hymns ('Apri Suktas') of all revealed texts of

Hindus and in the family prayers of all the 10

lineages of Vedic Sages.

Devis such as Ila, Bharati, Usha are said to besweetly smiling, shining ones, splendid and

beautiful, possessors of wisdom, teachers of

mankind, fulfiller of boons, foremost amongst

those to whom worship is offered, mother of

Devas. Always worshipped with male Devas.

Supreme Being referred to in NEUTER gender(e.g., Ekam Sat vipra, Rigveda 1.164.46, has

Ekam and Sat in neuter) God is NOT a male

God also referred to as irreproachable wife of

the worshipper (husband) in Rigveda 1.73.3


5/48

5

Veda as a WomanVeda as a Woman

Divine Word (Vac) is considered aDevi. In later Hinduism, Sarasvati is the

patron deity of Vedas, music, arts and all

learning. Vac Sukta (Rigveda 10.125)

dealing with revelation of Vedas is

attributed to Rishika Vagambhrina Vedic texts often referred to in feminine.

E.g., Shrimati Rigveda Samhita

Sarasvati River, the earthly manifestation

of Devi Sarasvati gave rise to Vedic-

Harappan culture. The Gayatri Mantra, the holiest prayer of

Hindus in the Vedas, is often represented

symbolically as a Devi in classical

Hinduism.


6/48

6

I. ShaaktaI. Shaakta:: Shakti, the Powerful Devi,

Killer of Mahishaasura


7/48

7

I. Shaakta:I. Shaakta:Durga, the Beautiful Divine Mother


8/48

8

II.II. Shaiva: ArdhanaariishvaraShaiva: ArdhanaariishvaraGod as Half-Woman

In Shaiva tradition, God oftenrepresented as a half woman

In Vaishnava tradition, Vishnu oftenincarnates as a woman to preserve

and protect Dharma (Mohini avatar)When God is worshipped as parent,

mother takes precedence overfather aspect.

Both Women and Men are

manifestations of God (contrast:According to the Abrahamic faiths,man was created in the image ofGod, and women from that mansextra rib!)


9/48

9

II. ShaivaII. Shaiva --

Parvati as an equal of Shiva


10/48

10

III. VaishnavaIII. Vaishnava--Shriman Narayana, Vishnu who dwells with Shri (Lakshmi)

"Sage Parashar said:

O Maitreya! Always a companion of Vishnuand the Mother of this Universe, DeviLakshmi is eternal. Vishnu is omnipresent,so is She. If She is speech, Vishnu is the

object of description. Vishnu is the Law,and She is the Policy. Lord Vishnu isknowledge, she is intelligence. He isDharma, She is good karma. If Vishnu isthe Creator, She is the Creation (that abideseternally with Him). He is the mountain,She is Earth. He is the virtue ofcontentment, She is the all satisfying. IfLord Vishnu is desire, She is the object ofdesire. He is the sacred Vedic ritual, she isthe priestly fee..."

(Vishnu Purana 1.8.17-20ab)


11/48

11

III. Avataras ofShriIII. Avataras ofShri --VishnuVishnu

1. Radha-Krishna or Rukmini-Krishna

Shri Krishna worshippedtogether with Radha orwith Rukmini

In some Vaishnava sects,Radha considered moreimportant than Krishna

Independent Hindu

spiritual texts with namessuch as Sitopanishad,Radhopanishad and soon exist, which extol thegreatness of the Devis inthe divine pairs.


12/48

12

III. Avataras ofShriIII. Avataras ofShri--VishnuVishnu2. Sita-Rama

Sita-ji, a Nepalese princess, isconsidered one of five Satis(virtuous women)

When God is worshipped asDivine Couple by Hindus,the name of the femininetypically precedes that of

masculine. E.g., Sita-Ram,Radhe-Shyam, Uma-Maheshor Shri Vishnu

Numerous shrines and sacredsites named after Sita (Sitapur,

Sitamarhi, Sita ki Rasoi etc.)


13/48

13

Conclusion: Feminine TheologyConclusion: Feminine Theology --

A Gift of Hindus to the World Hinduism is the ONLY major religion that worships God also as

a woman. All other major faiths see God as a Fatherly figureonly.

Even in Male oriented traditions, Devi plays an important role.

In Hindu Dharma, Wisdom/Knowledge, Prosperity, Power etc.,represented symbolically by feminine Hindu deities

It is not surprising that words denoting the Feminine Power ofGod, such as Shakti, Kali and so on have become a part of theNew Age vocabulary because there is a deficiency of such termsin other organized religions. There is even a perfume launched bythe name Kali in the west

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION: A woman can be a good Hindu and also afeminist at the same time.


14/48

14

The Real BreadGiverThe Real BreadGiverAncient Hindu Roots of

Feminine Ecology and Environmentalism Entire Universe is alive, pervaded bySupreme Being : Body of God

Earth and Nature are called MotherEarth and Prakriti (feminine) in

Hindu philosophy Ma Ganga: Rivers are manifestations of

feminine deities

Grains are manifestations of DeviAnnapuurnaa

Trees and Forests are abode of femininedeities: Sacred groves, sacred trees,sacred plants

Mother Cow: symbol of motherly love,sacred animal


15/48

15

The Notion of MotherlandThe Notion of Motherland

Ones country is always termed asMotherland, never as Fatherlandin recognition of the fact that theland we live in nurtures us lovinglyas our own mother. Indians oftenworship India as Bharatmata.

Janani janmabhumishcha,svargaadapi gariiyasi (Sri Ramasaid that ones mother andmotherland are superior to Heaven)

Iconic representation ofBharatMata


16/48

16

There are more than 35

synonyms for woman in

Sanskrit.

Each synonym explains

the role she has play in the

society around her.

Ex: Stree,Vanitaa,

Pradeepadarshini,

Kaantaa, Soubhaagyaa.


17/48

17

Philanthropist Hindu Ladies

Rani RashmoniRani Rashmoni Devi (1793-1861) was the widow of

a rich landowner (Zamindar) and managed hisestate very efficiently after his death. Once whenthe Rani was on her way to a pilgrimage toVaranasi, Goddess Kali appeared to her in adream and asked the Rani to return to Kolkata

and construct a temple in that town. Thus wasbuilt the famous Dakshineshvar temple (laterassociated with Saint RamakrishnaParamahamsa). She also repaired the sacredsteps (ghats) on the banks of the Bhagarathiriver (distributary of Ganga flowing pastKolkata) and made handsome endowments tothe Hindu College (now called The PresidencyCollege) and the Imperial Library (now calledThe National Library) in Kolkata. She also hada road constructed from the Subarnarekha river(that flows past the town of Jamshedpur) to theHindu pilgrim center of Puri for the welfare of

pilgrims.


18/48

18

Women as Warriors, Warrior QueensWomen as Warriors, Warrior QueensWhen the ruler Dalpat Rai of Gondwana died

in 1548, Rani Durgavati became the regentQueen on behalf of her infant son BirNarayan and ruled her kingdom ably for 16years. The Moghul Emperor Akbarinvaded her kingdom in 1564. She foughtbravely and when defeat was imminent,she chose to commit suicide by plunging adagger into herself. She may have lost herlife in the battlefield but Akbar could notsubjugate her loyal subjects completely.

OTHER Examples: Hindu Queen Kota Raniof Kashmir pushed back Tartar invaders.Queen Rudramba of Andhra Pradeshpunished revolts and evil feudal lords.


19/48

19

Rani Chenamma of KitturRani Chenamma of Kittur

Rani Chennamma of Kittur (1778-1829)received training in horse riding,sword fighting and archery in heryoung age. She was married to RajaMullasarja of Kittur, a princely statein Belgaum in Karnataka. Her

husband died in 1816. Her only sondied in 1824. Chennamma adoptedShivalingappa as her son and madehim heir to the throne. The British didnot accept this and ordered theexpulsion of Shivalingappa. The Rani

defied the order. A great battleensued. The Rani fought the Britishwith great courage and skill. Shecould not, however, hold out for long.She was taken captive and lodged inBailhongal Fort where she died in

early 1829.


20/48

20

Rani AvantibaiRani Avantibai

Rani Avantibai : When VikramadityaSingh, the ruler of Ramgarh State diedleaving behind his wife Avantibai and noheir to the throne, the British put thestate under court administration.Avantibai vowed to win back her landfrom the British. She raised an army offour thousand men and led it herselfagainst the British in 1857. A fiercebattle ensured and Avantibai fought mostvaliantly but could not hold out for long

against the superior strength of theBritish army. When her defeat becomeimminent she killed herself with her ownsword and became a martyr in March1858.


21/48

21

Preferring Death to DishonorPreferring Death to Dishonor

To avoid capture and abuse byMuslim invaders, Hindu womencommitted Jauhar. E.g. RaniPadmini of Chittor lead 700women into fire pit to escape the

lust of Allauddin Khilji Women were soldiers and spies in

Vedic, Mauryan and Sikh armies

Used their charms to kill invadersand temple breakers

Women donated jewelery andmoney to fund national defense.

Unlike other religions, Hinduwarfare forbade capturing and

abusing enemy women


22/48

22

Women and Hindu SpritualityWomen and Hindu Sprituality Hindus have been blessed with a continuous, unbroken chain

of women Saints , Yoginis, Nuns (Saadhvi), Priestesses(panditaa), Ascetics (Bhikshuni) and Seers (Rishika) whoroam all over the world to this day to preach the eternalmessage of our Dharma.

Numerous women Hindu priests and Gurus serve the laity inthe United States as well, and preside over temple

management, monasteries and other Hinduinstitutions.Buddhism and Jainism, two offshoots of HinduDharma, also have had prominent orders of nuns.

Hindu texts are unanimous in declaring that God does notdifferentiate between men and women. In the Hinduphilosophy of Bhakti, or devotion to God, the cowherdwomen (gopi-s) who resided in the region of Braj in northern

India are held as exemplars for all mankind. In traditional enumerations of pious people who were saved

by the liberating power of God, both men and women arelisted without prejudice.


23/48

23

Women in Hindu spiritual textsWomen in Hindu spiritual textsThe Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, the longest text of

Hindu spirituality, describes the proceedings of amarvelous spiritual conference in which the greatSage Yajnavalkya was locked in a debate withseveral Sages on the other side. Suddenly, awoman sage named Gargi Vachnavi rises andsays that if Sage Yajnavalkya can answer herquestions, all the other Sages will accept his

doctrines . It is noteworthy that all the Sagespresent there accept her as their spiritual leaderand allow her to represent them on their behalf.In the same text, Maitreyi, the wife ofYajnavalkya, motivates him to deliver amemorable sermon on the nature of God andsoul. Modern India has honored these illustrious

women by founding colleges bearing their names.In a long spiritual lineage given in this text, allthe teachers and students are listed as sons oftheir mothers.

Yajnavalkya with Gargi and Maitreyi

In Kena Upanishad, spiritual wisdom appears toIndra as Uma Brahmavidya, a woman.


24/48

24

AndalAndal -- One of the 12 Alvar SaintsOne of the 12 Alvar Saints

The Lady who would marry none but Lord Vishnu

Andal was the adopted daughter ofVishnuchitta, who gathered flowers fora Vishnu temple in Tamil Nadu. Once,he found her wearing the flowers that hehad offered to Bhagawan and was

angry. But Andal said that she wasmarried to Lord Vishnu, and the LordHimself appeared to Vishnuchitta in adream to confirm this. Andal wrote verysoul-stirring songs of devotion (called

Tiruppavai) which are sung during themonth of Margazhi (Dec-Jan) in severalparts of India. Tiruppavai has beentranslated into several languages andincluded in the Shri Vaishnava tradition

liturgy.


25/48

25

MeerabaiMeerabaithe Princess who wedded Lord Krishnathe Princess who wedded Lord Krishna

Meerabai (16th century) was a RajputPrincess of Mewar who decided in herchildhood that her husband was LordKrishna. She was married to a Rajputprince, but forsaking all formal ties, she

traveled between various religious centersassociated with Lord Krishna. Her Hindibhajans (devotional songs) in praise ofRama and Krishna are very popular eventoday. Meerabais soul merged with thatof Lord Krishna in Dwaraka when she

was 67 years old. Andal-Godas songs arerecited daily in Shri Vaishnava Hinduliturgy in temples as well as in homes, inIndia as well as outside India. Her icon isfrequently placed alongside that of LordVishnu and Devi Lakshmi in temples.


26/48

26

More examples of Hindu WomenMore examples of Hindu Women SaintsSaints

Lalleshvari of Kashmir (14th cent.)

Akka Mahadevi of Karnataka (12th cent.)

Kaarikkaal Ammaiyaar of Tamil Nadu (before 600CE)

Muktabai of Maharashtra (13th cent.)

Janabai of Maharashtra (13-14th cent.)

Meera, Akka Mahadevi, Lalleshvari, Andal and otherMeera, Akka Mahadevi, Lalleshvari, Andal and othersaintly women of medieval India are considered some ofsaintly women of medieval India are considered some ofthe foremost Hindu Sages. Their writings are treated asthe foremost Hindu Sages. Their writings are treated asscripture, and chanted with great regard to this day.scripture, and chanted with great regard to this day.


27/48

27

Shree

Shree

Ma Anandamoyi

Shree

Shree

Ma Anandamoyi

In more recent times, Shree Shree MaAnandamoyi (1896-1982), born in Kherain what is now Bangladesh , was a Hindu

woman mystic whose own husbandbecame her devotee, and who was heldin great reverence even by MahatmaGandhi. She traveled far and wide,preaching compassion and spirituality,

and was instrumental in the setting up ofmany hospitals and other charitableinstitutions.

Her Ashram in Bangladesh was recentlydestroyed by Islamists.


28/48

28

Women Saints: AmmachiWomen Saints: Ammachiwww.ammachi.org

Mata Amritanandamayi, knownas the Hugging Saint spreadsdivine love by embracing hermillions of devotees and leaving aprofound positive impact on

them. Born in a poor Harijan Hindu

family of Kerala, she spreads thedoctrine of Bhakti

Donated Rs 1 billion for Tsunami2004 relief, offered to adopt allchildren orphaned in Kerala

Opened numerous charitablehospitals, free housing for poor,schools


29/48

29

Women Saints: Mata Nirmala DeviWomen Saints: Mata Nirmala Devi

Born to a Christian priest

in India, she converted to

Hindu Dharma

Discovers Sahaja Yoga,which can be practiced

by all.

Travels tirelessly to

preach Sahaja Yoga to

people all nationalities

and religions


30/48

30

Foreign Disciple of a Hindu SaintForeign Disciple of a Hindu Saint

Sister NiveditaSister Nivedita

Sister Nivedita (Margaret Noble) born in1867 in Northern Ireland, met SwamiVivekananda in London in 1895 andbecame his disciple. She came to India in

1898. In India she engaged herself inrunning a school for girls and youngwomen. After Swamiji's death sheinvolved herself actively in the IndianFreedom Movement. She wrote several

books that present different aspects ofHinduism and Buddhism in a very lucidmanner for the lay readership. She died in1911.


31/48

31

Mother Mira AditiMother Mira AditiA foreign disciple who became a Hindu Saint

The Mother, was the spiritual companionor the first disciple of Shri Aurobindo,one of the most influential Hindu Sage

of our times. She had visions about himeven before she met him and becameSelf-realized/God-realized followingthe Integral Yoga he wasdeveloping/teaching). Originally from

France, she followed him to India,where she spent the rest of her lifeproviding spiritual leadership to ShriAurobindos disciples.


32/48

32

Ma SharadaMa SharadaThe Widow of a Saint becomes a Saint

Sharada Devi (b. 1853), the wife of

Shri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa,

a Hindu Saint who lived in the

19th century. After Ramakrishna

Paramahamsa passed away in1886, she continued to guide her

husbands followers till her own

death in 1920. Portraits of the

two are worshipped together by

followers of this Hindu saint

even today.


33/48

33

Feminine SpiritualityFeminine Spirituality--

ConclusionsConclusions It would be a fair statement to make that of all the

organized global religions in the world today,

women perhaps have the most visible andprominent presence in Hindu Dharma.

Feminine spirituality is not something that needs

to be grafted onto Hindu Dharma. It has alwaysbeen a part of the core of our faith.


34/48

34

Hindu Women as Freedom Fighters

Sarojini Naidu, theNightingale of India

Broke social taboos, had anintercaste marriage

Gifted poetess and author,wrote a 4000 line Persian playwhen she was 14 yrs

Injected humor in Indiasfreedom movement (called

Gandhiji a mickey mouse andNehru a handsome prince)

Many other Hindu womenfought for freedom, eg. SuchetaKriplani, Kasturba Gandhi


35/48


36/48

36

Why does tradition sometimes fail to

do justice to women?

In the worldview of classical Hindu texts, thewife was not a producer of wealth. Hersphere of activity was restricted to her home,and her family members. She did all thehousehold chores, managed her husbandswealth, maintained her household

possessions, brought up children, cookedfood for the family, served her husband andtook a leading role in fulfilling severaldomestic ritual observances. This was truefor all traditional societies, and things arechanging very fast in Hindu societies todaywith more and more women exploring

opportunities for self-fulfillment outside theirhomes with the support of their husbands andother family members. In fact, it was neverentirely true that women do not producewealth. Since times immemorial, Hinduwomen have worked in the fields, as artisansand so on.


37/48

37

Vandaneeya Lakshmi bai

kelkar (1905 1978).

Founder of RashtraSevika Samiti: 1936.

Put forth 3 ideals for

women:

Maatrutva ,Kartrutva &Netrutva.


38/48

38

Matrutva : Ideal MotherMatrutva : Ideal Mother--Jija bai.Jija bai.

In Mahabharata, Kunti inspiredPandavas to fight for their rights.She is one of the fivepanchakanyas

Jijabai inspired Shivaji to defeatIslamist ruler Aurangzeb andliberate our land from oppression

Many grateful Hindu scholarsnamed their works after their wives(e.g, Vedanta text Bhamati) or

daughters (e.g., Math text Lilavati) Women made saints out men, e.g.,

Ratnavali inspired Tulsidas tobecome a great saint


39/48

39

Kartrutva : AchieverKartrutva : Achiever

Ahalyabai Holkar

Queen Ahalyabai Holkar (1725-1795) ofthe princely state of Indore in centralIndia is often held as an example of anideal Hindu sovereign. She inherited

her kingdom from her father in lawsince her husband and her son werealready dead. Ahalyabai ruled herkingdom with great ability,benevolence and compassion for 30

years. Numerous trusts and institutionsfounded in her memory by both herdescendants as well as by others attestto her exalted status in the Indiansociety.


40/48

40

Netrutva: Rani LakshmibaiNetrutva: Rani Lakshmibai

Ideal LeaderIdeal Leader

The legendary Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi

fought bravely against British invaders in

1857 and died on the battlefield. She is

considered the Joan of Arc of India and isglorified in several Hindi ballads and

poems. The words Khoob ladi mardaani,

woh to Jhansi wali Rani thifrom a poem

in her honor written by the poetessSubhadra Kumari Chauhan are known to

every school-going student in the Hindi

speaking areas of northern India.


41/48

41

Can womenin this era

make a

Difference ?


42/48

42

PanditaaPanditaa::Hindu women as priests

A panditaa performing weddingceremony

Social reformers such as DayanandSaraswati (1824-1883) championed therights of women to study Vedas andperform rituals like male priests. Hisfollowers like Lala Devraj started Vedicschools for women)

Upasani Baba in Ahmadnagar and UdyanMangala Karyalaya in Pune train womenpandits and Vedic scholars. In recent

years, more women than men havebecome Hindu priests in Pune.

There are now 1000s of Hindu womenpriests all over the world and are in greatdemand because they are consideredmore sincere.


43/48

43

Vidushi:Vidushi:Women scholars of Hindu DharmaWomen scholars of Hindu Dharma

Dozens of women Sages (Rishikas) in Vedas andUpanishads. Saulabha Shakha of Rigveda named afterRishika Sulabhaa

Scholars: Bhikshuni Sulabha in Mahabharata, Womengrammarians/teachers mentioned in Ashtadhyayi ofPanini, and Mahabhashya of Patanjali. Atreyi learned

Vedas and Vedanta from Valmiki.

Judges: Ubhaya Bharati judged the winner in a debatebetween Adi Shankaracharya and Mandana Mishra (herown husband).

Upaadhyaaya and Acharyaa: Temples such as Lingaraj(Orissa) show women teachers with both male and female

students. Poetesses: Gangadevi (14th cent) wrote the Sanskrit epic

Madhuravijayam. Many women poetesses in TamilSangam literature.

Dr Vasudha Narayanan (Univ of Fl), first non-JudeoChristian President of American Academy of Religion isa devout Hindu


44/48

44

Hindu Women as ArtistesHindu Women as Artistes--11Hindu music and dance has always

had a very strong connection withwomen. Devi Sarasvati is the patron

deity of all art, music, literature,drama and dance and her blessingsare invoked whenever artistscommence their work orperformance. Most of the classical

dance forms of Hindus such asBalinese (in Indonesia), Kuchipudi,Odissi, Bharatnatyam, Kathak andGarba are dominated by womenperformers today.

Odissi Dancer


45/48

45

Hindu Women as ArtistesHindu Women as Artistes --22

Even in dance forms where women do notparticipate, their status is quite exalted.

For instance, Kathakali dance of Kerala

is traditionally performed by men who

wear masks of different colors to

denote different categories of persons.Interestingly, the masks for women as

well as for all divine characters (devas)

are painted white in order to indicate

their holy, pure and exalted status.

Many traditional folk dance forms such

as Pandavani of Chhattisgarh are being

promoted by women such as Teejanbai.

Balinese dancer in Indonesia


46/48

46

M

elody Queen, LataM

angeshkarM

elody Queen, LataM

angeshkarLata Mangeshkar, a devoted Hindu lady,

is considered one of the foremostwomen singers in Indian film industry.

She is credited with singing hundredsof devotional Hindu songs in severalIndian and non-Indian languages. Shespends a considerable portion of herincome on charitable causes such as

repairs of temples and is presentlyengaged in the construction of ahospital in the memory of her father inthe city of Pune.


47/48

47

M S Subbulakshmi

Goddess own voiceMS Subhalakshmi is likewise the greatest singer of

the classical Hindu Carnatic Music style. For hersoul stirring renderings of devotional songs fromHindu tradition, she has been honored by

numerous prominent religious leaders. Sheplayed the role of Saint Meerabai in a celebratedHindi movie on the life of the saint. A low-caste Hindu, she has instituted scholarships forpoor Brahmin boys engaged in the oralpreservation of Vedic texts in southern India.

Performed hundreds of charity concerts forHindu charitable schools and hospitals.

She has sung at the UNO General Assembly.

M.S. (as she was popularly known), passed awayin December 2004, but her voice lives on


48/48

48

Concluding ThoughtsConcluding Thoughts

Yes! women can make a difference if they realize theirresponsibility in the society working in the lines ofMaatrutva, Kartrutva, Netrutva.

In the past 2,000 years, Christians and Muslims, and most recently theCommunists, conspired to wipe out our memories clean of tens of thousandsof years of Goddess spirituality in the Americas, Africa, Europe, the Middle

East, Central and East Asia, and Australia. I offer this book as a small token ofmy overwhelming gratitude to the people of India, who in spite of continualinvasions by hostile cultures seeking to impose their own religions on the

subcontinent, fought to keep the light of inner traditions of the Mother of the

Universe alive.

As said By :L

inda Johnson

http://www.goddessfriends.comhttp://www.goddessfriends.com shows that America is also thinking on the lines ofreviving the Goddess worship.

feminity in santana dharma

Documents