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ഹിന്ദുത്വം ഇന്നും ഒളിഞ്ഞും തെളിഞ്ഞും മത-സാംസ്കാരിക രംഗത്ത്‌ സജീവമാണ്‌. പ്രത്യക്ഷമായ പ്രവര്‍ത്തനങ്ങളേക്കാളധികം ഹിഡണ്‍ അജണ്ടകളിലൂടെയാണ്‌ ഹിന്ദുത്വം സമൂഹത്തില്‍ വേരുറപ്പിച്ചു കൊണ്ടിരിക്കുന്നത്‌. ഹൈന്ദവവിശ്വാസത്തെയും അവരുടെ ആചാരരീതികളെയും ആരോഗ്യകരമായി ചര്‍ച്ച ചെയ്യേണ്ടതിന്‌ പകരം ഭാരത പൂര്‍വചരിത്രം അതിശയോക്തിപരമായി ഉദാത്തവല്‍കരിച്ചും ഇതരരെ ഉള്‍ക്കൊള്ളാനാവാത്ത തരത്തില്‍ മാതൃഭൂമിസ്നേഹം വൈകാരികമായി പുനഃസ്ഥാപിച്ചുമാണ്‌ ഹിന്ദുത്വം കടന്നുവന്നത്‌.ഭാരതീയ സംസ്കാരത്തിലെ ആദിമ വിശ്വാസ-സംസ്കാര-രാഷ്ട്രീയ നിലപാടുകളെ അപഗ്രഥിച്ചു കൊണ്ട്‌ വിവിധ ലക്കങ്ങളിലൂടെ സ്നേഹസംവാദം മാസികയില്‍ പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിച്ച തൂലികാസംവാദം കോഡീകരിച്ചതാണ്‌ ഈ കൃതി.

TRANSCRIPT

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    DAWA BOOKSP.B No: 1981, Vyttila, Cochin - 19

    lnplnpXzwBibkwhmZw

  • Publisher l DistributionDawa Books l Vyttila l Kochi - 19 l Kerala l India

    Web: www.dawabooks.org l Email: [email protected]: Primrose l Type Setting : Primshad l Printing : Screen Offset, Kochi

    ISBN: 978-93-82581-28-4

    DAWA BOOKSMalayalam l Debate l Hindu-Hinduthwam: Ashayasamvadam

    All right reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or utilised in any form orby any means without the prior written permission of the publishers.

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZwAuthors : M.M Akbar, P.V Shankaranarayanan, P.V.A Primrose

    First Edition : January 2013Price: `````. 80

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  • 10

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    sshZnIsapw BcykwkvIm-c-sapw hnfn-p ` mc-X-n-s "BZn-a-kw-kvIm-c's Cfn {]Xn-jvTn-m t]m-Xm-bn-cpp Ap Is-nb GXm\pw Cf-Inb CjvSn-I-p-I--. XpSv 1870 Bn-tbm-f-Pn- kth Hm^v C-y-bp-sS UbdIvS AevIvkm InwKvlmapw 1921 tPm am--jepw \Snb DXvJ\\ \ncoWfneqsS `mcXnsB-Zn-a\nhmknIsf Ipdnp ]pXnb \nKa\ cq]o-Icn--s- p. \mKcnIX {]m]n knp\ZoXS kwkvImcnsD-S-aI Bcymc {ZmhnUmcmbncppshpw Bcym[n-\n-th-iamWv ChnSs apgph A]Nbpw ImcWsapwhn-ebncpsp. knp\ZoXS kwkvImcnse \mKcnI ]p-tcmKXn am{Xa hnizmkIakmaqlnI cwKfnse \n-e-]m-SpI IqSn N sNstXmsS sslh auenI-hm-ZnIhn-ai\hpambn cwKv hp. sslh-hn-izmk-s-bpw A-h-cpsS BNmccoXnIsfbpw B-tcmKyIcambn N sNt--Xn\v ]Icw `mcXns ]qhNcn{Xw AXni-tbm-n-]-c-am-bn DZmhIcnpw amXr`qan kvt\lw CXcsc D-sm-m-\mhm Xcn sshImcnIambpw Imbn-I-am-bpw ]p\x-

  • 11

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw 11m-]npw Nne ISphp. lnphn \nv ln-p-Xz-n-te-p {]bmWns BZy ImshpIfmbncpp AXv.

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  • 12

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    kwL- -\-fpw kv]-bp-an-m-sX, kvt\l-tm-sSbpw km-tlm-Z-cy-tm-sSbpw a\p-jy-scmw Pohn-p Hcp tem-I-sIp-dnv kz]v\w ImWm--h Bcm-Wp-Xv? Cu kz]v\-am-Wv,km-ln-Xys Poh-p--Xm-p--Xv; Iesb kmY-am-p-Xv;im-kv{Xs Ne-\m--I-am-p-Xv; Pohn-Xs {]Im-i-am-\-am-p--Xv. AsX; sFIy-tm-sSbpw kvt\l-tm-sSbpw Pohn-p-Xv a\p-jym-m-hns Zml-am-Wv. Ak-ln-jv-Wp-X-bpsSbpwAss\-Iy-n-sbpw \nan--sf Ah BXyn-I-ambnshdp-p-p. Iem-]-fpw IjvS-m-Sp-I-fp-an-m Hcp temIsA-h B{K-ln-p-p.

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  • 13

    am\-hnI sFIyhpw GI-ssZhhnizm-khpw 13i-_vZn I^yq-jkpw kvt\lw {]N-cn-n tbiphpw XymK-n-s ZqX-\mb {io_p\pw a\p-jyp thn t]mcm-Snbtkm-{I-okpw Ak-a-Xz-n-s\-Xnsc hmtfm-nb emthm-Xvsk-bp-samw Ch-cn Nne am{X-am-Wv. kaq-l-ns \p th-n i_vZn Ch-cn ]e-pw kaqlw km-\n-Xv ac-p-cn-ipw, apn-co-S-hpw, hnj-tm--bpw, XS-]mf-b--fp-am-bn-cp-p. sFIy-ns Atm-kvX-e-msc Ass\-Iy-ns ]Wn-bm-fp-I-fmbn Ah-X-cn-nv Xn-sm-pI-sb X{-amWv Fm-e-pw Ak-Xy-ns Imhm ]b-n-bn-p--Xv.

    1516 {]kn-o-I-cn--s tXma-kv-aq-dns Dtm-nbbpsSD--Sw ka-Xz-kp--c-amb temI-sa a\pjy[nj-W-bpsStX-ns km^-ey-am-Wv. 1602- tXmakv Imws]-\--sb -en-b XzNn-I-s\-gp-Xnb Zn knn Hm v^ Zn k F ]p-kv-X-Ihpw CtX CXn-hr--apsm-p-p. kXyk-cpw kv-t\-l-k-qW-cp-amb X]vtdm-ms\ Zzo]p-\n-hm-kn-I! Ah--v Ie-lhpw kv]bpw ]cn-N-b-an-. sFIy-tm-sSbpw k-ln-jvWp-X-tbmsSbpw P\- Pohn-p Hcp kpc \K-cw;A-XmWv kqcy-\-K-cw. A-s\-sbmcp kqcy-\-Kcw bYmY-n- \ne-\np-n--tm-sbv Xs IrXn-bpsS Ah-km-\-nImw-s]-\- k-S-s-Sp-p-v. ap a\p-jy-cp-ambn sFIy-s-Sp--Xn\pw Hp-tN-cp--Xn-\p-amWv a\p-jym-mhv Bin-p--sXpw Bm-hns Blzm\w sNhn-sm-p-p-sh-n C--cw sFIyw t\Sm km[n-p-sa-pamWv Xs IrXn P\--v \-Ip kt-i-sa-mWv Imws]-\ ]d-bp--Xv.

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  • 14

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    Hmw temI alpbpn Zb\o-bamb ]cmPbw t\cnv\n-cmi-cmbn IgnbpIbmbncp P P\Xsb XnbpW--n, Ahcn Bthin-s hnpI ]mInb AtUm^vln-vedmbncpp cmw temI almbp-nse \mbI. k-p-NnX tZio-bXbpw hKobXbpw hwiobXbpw Atlw P--Imcn Ipnshp. temIn Ghpw Da bqtdm-]y-mcpw Ahcn t\mUnIv hwiPcpw Ahcn PImcpwA-hcn Bcy-mcpamsWmbncpp lnvedp-sS hmZw. "kqlyq-a _ovkv' Bb P BcymmWv temIw apgp-h- `cnm\p AhImisav At-lw knmnp. P----Imcnse Alwcmjv{S`mhsbpw hwiob-hKo-b-k-p-Nn-X Xztfbpw Do]nnm\tln\v km[np. 1933sesX-scsSpn h `qcn]-tmSp IqSn Nmk-e-dmbnsX-scs-Sps Atlw Hcp hjn\p tijw {]kn-U-p ]Zw IqSn GsSpp-Ibpw "t\Xmhv' FYw h-cp- "]yq-d-' F m\tcp kzoIcnv P-\nbpsS G-I-O-{Xm-[n-]-Xn-bmbn amdp-I-bpw sNbvXp.

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  • 15

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    Fm, tZiobXbpsS t]cn Cybnenv hfp-sIm-n-cnpXv kpNnXhpw {]Xntema]chpw bptm-kp-I-hp-amb tjmh\nkamWv. ^mkn-knsbpw \mknkn-s-bpw Nph-SpIsmnv Alwcmjv{S`mhhpw hwiobXbpw A-\y-hKhntcm[hpw {]Ncnnp sImp tjmh\nv \owcmjv{Sns \min am{X-ta IeminpIbp-q-sh--Xm-Wv Ncn-{Xw \Ip ]mTw. Xo{htZiobXbm-bncpp \m-kn-k-nsbpw ^mknk-nsbpw NmeIin. A-h-bv-p- m-b]-X\n\p ImcWhpw Cu Xo{h-tZiobX X-s-bm-bncpp.

    -^m-kn-k-n\pw \mknkn\pw kw`hn ]X-\w Xs C-y- tjmh\nk-n\p-mhpw; Xo.

  • 16

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw16\mknI D]tbmKn ktX-p kam\amb k-t-

    X- Xsbm-Wv Cy tjmh\nkhpap]tbmKnp--sX- hkvXpXbmWv Gsd IuXpI-IcambnpXv. P tZ-io-bX hf-m P\nbpsS `qXImew kp-chpw k-arhpwkpJkqWhpambn-cppshv hcpnop-I-bm-Wv \m-kn-I sNbvXXv. 1938 cq]oIcn-s "lnve bqv A-tkm-kntbj' F kwLS\bpsS {][m\ eyw Ipn-I-fn- Alwcmjv{S`mhw Ipnsh-pIsbXmbncpp. `m-c-X-ns ` qXImew kpchpw kpJkqWhp-am-bn-cp-p-sh-v hcpnophm-\mbn krjvSnsXmWv "Bj`m-c-X-w' F k]w. Cu k]n-s hn{Klh-c-W-n-\p ]nn \tS ]d \mknNnbpsS XpS am{Xam-Wp-Xv. {]IrXn]qPbpw, aZym-cm[\bpw, enwK{]XnjvTbpw\n-e\nn-cp `mcXw; Aizta[bmKsa N-IpXn-c-bp-am-bp- ssewKnI _hpw, \cta[bmKsa ]a\pjys _-en-bpw \ne\nncp `mcXw; ktlmZcn ktlmZcam X--n-e-pw, ]nXmhpw aIfpw Xnepw ssewKnI _ \ne-\n-n-cp ` mcXw; kaqlcXnbpw \\rfpw \n-e-\n-ncp`mc-Xw; kv{Xo amdpadpsImv hgnbn-endn \S-pIqSm Fv\nbaapm-bncp `mcXw; "\xkv{Xo kzX-{-al-Xn'-sbv{]-Jym]n `mcXw; ]qW-K`Wnbmb `mcysb \ t]cn\pth--n Imnept]npXv [amsW-v ]-Tn-nncp `m-c-Xw; _lp`Xr-zsa tOkwkvImcw \ne\nn-cp ` mc-X-w; Nmf\pw iq{Z\pw ]nsbbpw ]n-sb-bpw t]mse-bm-sW-v {]Jym]n `mcXw; sXmpIqSmbva-bpw Xon-qSm-bv-a-bp-w \ne\nncp `mcXw; thiyIsf shv hcpam\apm-n-b cmPmmcpmbncp `mcXw; NXnbpw h\bpw sN-bv-Xp-w Ahn-izmk hfnbpw JP\mhv k-am-n-bn-cp `cWm[nImcnIfpsS `mcXw; CXmWv "B--j`mcXw.' C-Xn-s\bmWv almb kmwkvImcnI ss]Xr-I-am-bn hnti-jn-n-sSpsX- hkvXpX Fpam{Xw k-l-Xm-]m-la!

    `mcXob `qXImes XakvIcnp ImWnpIsb e--yw \apn. Cybmbmepw Ctymt\jybm-bm-epw A-ta-

  • 17

    am\-hnI sFIyhpw GI-ssZhhnizm-khpw 17cnbmbmepw Atd_ybmbm-epw, Hcp cmjv{Shpw `q-X-Im-ew]q-Wam-bn \Xmbnnmbncppshv kqNnn-pI am-{X-am-Wv Dtiyw. aplZv \_n P\n Atd_ybn Xs-bm-Wv A_qPlepw P\nXv. IzpB Ah-Xcnn abn X-s-bmWv "apA-' XqnnSncpXv. ` qXImen-s hn-{K-lhcWw Hcp cmPyn-\pw A\ptbmPyamhpIbn. `m-c-Xob `qXImen\pw \Xpw Nobp-ap--mbncpp. tKm-f-i-mkv{X]T\ \Sncp Cybn, cmlpsh k-whn-gppXn\memWv N{\pw kq-cy\pw {KlWw kw -`hn-p--sX hnizmkhpw \ne\nncpp. Bbpth-Zw D-pw-K-X-bn-senbncp Imep XsbmWv bfneqsS ]p-{X-m-sc krjvSnp hnZybpw ChnsS ]p-tcmKanXv. Cu c--p hifpw ImWm-XncnpXv tZiobXb; tjmh\n-k-am-Wvtjmh\nkamIs cmjv{Sn\v lm\nIchpamWv.

    cmwtemI almbpImev P- P\XbpsS hocywh-[nnp-Xn\pw Ahsc Bthi`cnXcmpXn-\pw th-n \mknI D]tbmKnncp Bbp[fn Hmbncpps\m-kv{Sm-Uakns {]hN\. ]Xn\mdmw \qmn {^m--kn Pohn, tPm-ky-\mb anJmtb s\mkv{SmUakv X-s am ]okmb skNzdokn, lnedpsS hnPbhpw P-\n-bpsS ]ptcmKXnbpw {]hNnnpsmbn-cpp {]NmcWw.Fs\bpw hymJym-\nmhp s\mkv{SmUakns {]hN-\-fn NnesXSpv lnvedpsS tPmky\mbncp ImG-Wv {Im-^v lnve-\p-Iq-e-ambn hymJym-\n-p-I-bmWvsN-bvX-Xv. ]t, s\mkv{Sm-Uakns {]hN\tfbpw {Im-^v-n-s hniZoIcWtfbpw sXnpsIm-v cmw temI a-lm-bpn P-\n \new]cnimbn; lnve BlXy sN-bvXp; {Im v^mIs lnvedpsS X-s clkytmeokmb "K--tm'Ifm- ]nSnsp.

    Cy tjmh\npIfpsSbpw {][m\s Bbp[fnsem-m-Wv s\mkv{SmUakns {]hN\. tem-Iw apgph lnp- `cnpsav s\m-kv{SmUakv {]hNnnpsmWv {]-Nm-cWw. CXn\p thn hnhn[ Cy `mjIfn Ch ]p-kvX-

  • 18

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw18sa-gpXnbnpv. t`mPvcmPvZznthZnbpsS s\mkv{SmUmw Io ` hnjyhm-Wnbmw, AtimIv Ipam ibpsS s\mkv{SmUmw Io k-q-W `hnjy hmWnbmw kamsskZn-bpsS hniz-hn-JymX`hnjythXm \mkvs{XZakvIn `hnjy hmWnbmw Xp-Snbln-n ]pkvXIfpw kn.Pn lncWy FgpXnb lnp sU-kv-n-\n C s\mkv{SmsUakv F Cwojv ]pkvXIhpw ]n.-F-kv.-Fkns s\mkv-{SmUakns {]hN\ F ae-bmfw]p-kvXIhpw Cu eyn\p thn FgpXshbmWv. km-[m-cW lnpnSbn, lnpaXw temI-s ASn `cn--psa anYym[mcW hfn, AXn\p thnbp A[zm-\w hrYmhnemhpIbns hnizmkap-mpIbpw As\ap-kvenwIs-Xnscbp kacn Ahsc _en-bmSm-p-I-bpw sNpIsb eya-msX asmpw Cu ]pkvX-I---p ]nnen. apkvenwIsf ImSmcpw Ah-cn \nv temI-s cnp lnp-sf kmwkvImcnI kcpambnm-Wv Cu ]pkvXIfn Nneh {]Xn-]mZnpXv. apkvenw-I--sXnscbp- kacw Ncn{Xns A\nhmcyX-bmsWvh-cpnopIbmWv Cu cN\IfpsS AXynIeyw.s-\mkv-{SmUakns {]hN\sf X\n\p-Iqeambn D-]-tbm-Kn- lnvedpsS ]X-\amWv khW \mknIpapmhp-IsbpdmWv.

    Hcp FXncmfnbnmsX tjmh\nk-n\v hfcphm\mhn.ln-ve FXncm-fnIfmnbXv PqXmscbmWv. P\n-bnhy-hkmbhpw hmWnPyhpw \S-n kam[m\tmsS Pohnph-cnI-bmbncp blqZmsc cmPyt{Zmln-I-fpw NqjImcp-am-bn \mknI ap{ZIp-n. AhsXnsc P Bcym-cp--sS hnImcw Bfnnp. PqXkap-Zmbn P\np-sh--Xp-sImp am-{Xw B_v sFbn, knv t{^mbvUvX-pSnb hniz{]kn imkv-{Xm ]oUnnsp. Ah- P\nbn \npw ]emb\w sNbvXp. blqZimkv{Xshn-]mS\w sNbvXv Bcyimkv{Xs {]XnjvTnpI F e-y-tmSpIqSn lnvedpsS kl{]-hI\mbncp sldnvlnw-f "Bcytkm^nkw' F Hcp knmw Xs ]Sp. b-

  • 19

    am\-hnI sFIyhpw GI-ssZhhnizm-khpw 19lqZmsc tImk -t{Sj IympIfn ]dbv AXn-ITn\amb tPmenIsfSpnp. tPmensb-Spm IgnbmXncphrmscbpw IpnIsfbpw Poht\msS Inp shodmn.\mkn tImkt{S-j IympIfn \nv csSphm-\mbn Hcp Iqw blqZm \Snb AXnkmlknIamb IY]dbp Zn FkvtIv {^w tkm_n_tdmsb tUmIyp-sa--dn GsXmcp inetbbpw Icbnnm t]mXmWv. Cu{Iq-c-XIfpsSsbmw ImcWsamsW- tNmZyn\v lnv-e-dp-sS hnZqjI\mbn-cp Ko_kv \Inb adp]Sn hn-lwdo-lv Xs Zn amkv ssktmfPn Hm^v ^mknkw F ]p-kv-X-In Dcnppv. AXns\bmWv ""Bscnepw \n--fpsS AbpsS apJ-v NmhmdpsImSnm \n-f-bm--v \n ]dbptam? C{]Imcw sNp-h a\pjy\; ar-K-am-Wv. \psS amXrcmPyamb P\nbpsS apJv FsmwhrntISpIfmWv Cu blqZm ImnqnbXv. Ah \p-sS hwis IfsSpn. \psS in tNmnfp.\-psS ]ca-kXysf \innp. Hcp blqZs\-m Xo--bm-bpw PoWXbpsS {]Xn-cq]amWv.''(1)

    tjmh\nkns Cybnse FXncmfnbmb Ckveman\pwapkvenwI-psaXnsc Dbn Btcm]W-fpw Ko_kvb-lqZmsXnsc Dbn Btcm]Wfpw kam\fm-Wv. Cy tZiobXbn Aenp tNcmhcmWv apkvenw-I-sfpw `mc-Xs amXmhmbn AwKoIcnmnS-tmfwIm-ew A{Iaw XpScpsapam-Wv hniZoIcWw. ` mcXamXmhnsI-nse IcSpI \ow sNpIbmWv lnp bphXbpsS I--hysamW-tm CubSpv tIkcn FgpXnbXv. tjm-h-\n-kw ChnsS shv hKobXbn-tev hgnamdpp.

    Cybn hKobXbpw PmXobX-bpw Cc km\--fm-Wv. \mtSmSnIfm-b Bcym k]vXknphntev IpSn-tb-dnbXp apXmWv PmXobXbpsS Ncn{Xamcw`npXv. E-tKz-ZImep Xs PmXobXbpsS ssiihcq]amcw-`npIgnncpp. thZfn {][m\-s EtKzZnse ]mw

    1. hn-lw dolv: Zn amkv ssktmfPn Hm^v ^mknkw ]pdw 47

  • 20

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw20aew, sXmqdmw kqw, ]{mas Em-Wv Nm-Xp--hWyhyhv ASnd ]mInbXv. knp\ZoXS-kwkvIm-cs \innpsImv k]vX-knphntev IpSntbdnb{]mIrXcpw A]cnjvIrXcpambncp Bcym ]ehn[ {Iq-c-X-I sNbvXpsImmWv BZnhmknIfmbncp {Zmhn-U-m-cp-sS ta B[n]Xyw m]nXv. ChnSp-s BZnhmknIsfam-\knIhpw imcocnIhpambn ASnaIfmm th-n ]S--Xm-Wv bYmYn NmXph-Wyhyh. AXn-\mbn ssZ-h-k-hpw ]ctemIhnizmkhpw t]mepw Xn-cpm Bcy-m- aSnImWnn. {_mhns Xebn \nv krjvSn-h-\m-Wv {_mWs\pw ImepIfn \nv ]Ss--h\mWviq-{Zs\pw hcpnov {_mWta[mhn-hpw iq{Z-]o-U\hpw Ddp hcppXn-\mbnmWv \ncmImc-\m-b ]c-a-]p-cpj\v ssIImepI k]nXv. {_m-W-cpw ap kh--W-cpa\p`hnp kpJ-kuIcy AhcpsS ap--kpIrX-ns ^ eamsWpw iq{Z\pw Nmf\pw ap--n ]m-]-w sNbvXh-cmbXn\m Ahc\p`hnp IjvS-mSpI \o-Xn-IcWaln-ppsh-pw AStmSpIqSn k-hWtk-h-\w sNpIsb kz[am\pjvTm\-neqsS am-{Xta A-h--W-v tamw e`npIbpqshpw hcp-n-o--pXn\pth-nbmWv ]p\Pkn-mw ]SsXv. ssZhhn-izm-k-n--epw ]ctemI t_m[nepw Ifap-m-n-sm-mWv C-y-bnse Ghpw henb kpNnXXzamb Pm-Xn-hyh \n-e-\n-sXYw.

    khWm[n]Xyne[njvTnXamb kmaqlyhyhnXnbm-b NmXph-WyhyhbpsS kwm]\n\p thnbmWv`K-hZvKoXbpw {ioic\p-samw hmZnpXv. NmXp-h--Wy-hy-h- \ne\nncp Imes tIcfn-s Nn{Xw Ipamc-\m-ims Zpch, Nme`npIn XpSnb Imhy-fnIm-Wm Ignbpw. sXmpIqSmbv-abpw XonqSmbvabpw aX-\n-baambn-cpp. Xmgv PmXnmc\v ]Tnmt\m DtZym-K-\n-b-a\w e`nphmt\m AhImiapmbncpn. AhW-kv-{X-o-I- amdp adm ]mSnmbncp-p. Ah XfpsS hmXn-ep-I-

  • 21

    am\-hnI sFIyhpw GI-ssZhhnizm-khpw 21khWp thn GXp \nanjhpw Xpdp-sImSp--W-am-bn-cp-p. Ahfpambn {_m-W _spmb Ip-p-fp-sS ]qW DchmZnzw Ahmbn-cpp. CXmWn-hnsS \n-e-\nncp "kw_'ns \nbaw. {_mW\v iq-{Z-kv-{Xo-bp-ambn ssewKnI_n-tesSmw. ]s A-h-- \Ipsh-w IpSnm ]mSn. Fsmcp hnNn-{X \nbaw!

    khWm[n]Xyn\pw AhW-]oU\n\psaXnsc i-_v-Zn-hsc-sbmw sRnbpw apnbpw sIm Ncn{XamWv]u-tcmlnXyntXv. _paXn\pw ssP\aXn\pw kw -`hn-XnXmWv. ]utcmlnXyns\Xn-cmbn iambn i_vZn_ps BZifntev P\ BIrjvS-cmbn. Atim-I-s ` cWImev _p-aXw ` mcXw apgph hym]np. tIcf-n-epw _paXn\v iamb kzm-[o-\apmbncpp. sIm-Sp-q, Kpcp-hmbq, i_cnae, ImcntmSv, XpSn-b {]knt-{Xsfmw _paX-mcptSXmbncpp. Ch ]nSn-s-Sp-m--\mbn BbncWn\v _p`np-sf {_mW N-Xn-{]-tbmKneqsS sImsmSpn. Cu t{Xfn Cp \n-e-\np ]qcmv, ImhpXo- XpSnbh _pmcn\n-v {_mWm Cu t{X ]nSnS-nbXns kva-cW \ne\np BNmcfmWv. _p`npfpsS incvtOZnv Xmen shv ]ptcm-lnXmsc kzoIcnm\bn-Xn--s {]XoImIamb ]npSbmWs{X Xmesmen. _p--aXns\ \innp-hm\m-bn hmIvssh`hap _p--`n-p---fn ]e-cp-tSbpw \mhv apdnsp. ]escbpw \mSpI-S-n._pkvXq]- \innp. ` npsfbpw ` np-WnIsfbpwIq-sme sNbvXp. Fnpw _paXw \inn. A-hkm-\w"ka-\zb'sa X{neqsS _p-aXs {_m-WaXnebnnp-IbmWv Ah sNbvXXv. As\ _p--aXnsPm-Xnhncp`mhsf \innm {_mWv km[np.

    hKobXbpsS Ncn{Xw shmcp-sS BKa\tmSpIqSn-b-; {]XypX BcymcpsS BKa\tmSpIqSnbmWv Bcw-`n-pXv. khWm[n]Xyn-s\Xnsc i_vZn Zi\sf-sb--mw B{IaWfneqsS \inn Ncn{Xam-Wv Bcya-X-n-\pXv.

  • 22

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw22tjmh\nkns Ckvemw hntcm-[ thcpI nXn sN-

    p--Xv Chn-sSbmWv. CkvemanI{]t_m[Im anj\dnam-cm-bnsm; {]XypX IhSmcmbnsmmWv Cybn-te-v hXv. Atd_ybn \npw h AhcpsS PohnX-ss\-aeyw Iv khWcpw AhWcpw AhcpsS aX-n-te-vB-IrjvScmhpIbmWpm-bXv. CkvemanIilmZv Ahsck-pNnXXzfn \nsmw kzX-{amn. sXmp-IqSm-bv-a-bp-sSbpw XonqSmbvabpsSbpw Abnn-sbpw PmXo-b-XbpsSbpw Nesp-I s]mnsdnp. Ah--W-cm-bnP-\nhcpw khWcmbn P\nhcpw apkvenwIfmbn amdn-b-tm- kmtlmZ-cyns kzmZv A\p`hndnp. Ckv-emw hf--p. Cu hf, khWm[n]-Xyns InIpSn ap-n-p-sav Ah Adntmtgpw kabw ssh-Inbncpp. ApapXv Ckveman-s\ \innphm\p {iahpw Xp-S-n. Cu{i-afpsS Ahkm\s aq-cq]amWv "cmjv{Sob kzbwtk-hIv kwL'sa ^mknv kwLS\. Cy-bnse hKobI-em]fn anhbp-sS ]nnepw Cu kw-L-S-\-bp-sS Ic-fm-WXv. Iem]fpsS eyamhs, apkvenw D-qe\hpwk-hWm[n]-Xy-ns kwm]\hpamWv. Cmcyw kwL-S-\bpsS m]It\Xmfnsem-cmfmb tKm-hmdpsS ]-Z-fn \nv kpXmcyw hyamhpp. At-lw ]dp "CukwLamcw`npXv apkvenw AXn{Iasf {]Xntcm[np--Xn\p am{Xa, {]XypX {]kvXpX tcmKs ]qWambpw C-m-Xmphm- ---thnbmWv.'

    lnphKobXsb {]Xntcm[nm CkvemanI Xo{hhm-Z-sa- ssien CkvemanI[ym]\p hncpam-Wv. hKobkwLS\Iv lnpfn-se ipjv\yq\]sf am{Xtakzm[o\nm Ignnpq. apkvenw-Ifnse Xo{hhmZ {]-h--\ ` qcn]s apkvenwIsXncmp-hm am{XtaD]Icnq. "hKobX-bpsS t]cn s]mcpXph\pw hKob-X-p thn acnph\pw \n s]h\'sbmWv apl--Zv \_n ]TnnXv. kapZmbsa tIhek-]w XsC-kveman\\yamWv. Ckv-eman "D'mWpXv. hnizm-kn-

  • 23

    am\-hnI sFIyhpw GI-ssZhhnizm-khpw 23Ifp-sS IqmbvabmWXv. hnizmknIp P\n Ahnizm-kn-bm-b aI Cu Iqmbvabnse AwKa. ]s, Xan XeI-fp- amXmfpsS afmbn ]nd-p t]mbnsb Hscm Imc-W-m XesImsSp Ahbpmhp-tm aZnX-cp-sS sFIyapWnbp-mhpI kzm`mhnIamWv. BlXym-]camb {]Xn{Inbtbm hnthI]qWhpw _pn]chpamb{]Xntcm[amWv Ccw sFIythZnIfn \npmth-Xv.AX, A\ykapZmbtmSp Aamb shdppw hntZz-j-hpamWv Ccw sFIythZnI {]Zm\w sNp-sXn Xo--bmbpw AXp kapZm-bn\pw cmjv{Sn\pw lm\nIcamtb`hnq.

    Cybnse `mjm{]iv\p ]nnepw Bcyh-c-W-ns {Zwjv-SfmWpXv. ip {ZmhnU `mjbm-b Xan-gn-s\ Bcy`mjbmb kwkvIrX-n ebnnphm \Sn-b ImbnI ]cn{ia ]cmPbsnSv, ka-\zbsa Bcy-X-{w {]tbmKnm\p- X{XmSpIfmWnv \SpsImn-cn-pXv. Cyp almb kmln-XykrjvSnIsfbpw km-lnXyImcm-scbpw kw`mh\ sNbvX DdpZp `mj-tbmSp hn-tcm[-ns thcpIfpw nXnsNpXv khWhcW-n XsbmWv. kwkvIrXns en]nbmb tZh\mKcn-bn-- FgpXs-ncnp lnntbm A\p_`mjI-tfm ]-Tn-m AhWv AhImian-mbncp ImemWv ap-kvenwcmPm-m Ad_n en]nbpw As kwkmc`mjbm-bn-cp-- lnpm\n-bpw Iqntv DdpZp F ]pXnb `mj \n-npIbpw AXp ]Tnm kh-Wsc t{]mkm-ln-n-p-I-bpw sNbvXXv. DdpZphneqsS hnm\n-s shfnw Im-Wm- Ign Ah-W temIsbpw kwkvImctf-bpwIp-dnp ]Tnp. Ahcn ]ecpw ]u-tcmlnXyn\pw A-Sn-a-n-\psa-Xnsc t]mcmSn. hWm{iahyh-bp-sS hy--am-b\n-tZisXn-cmbncpp CXv. "iq{Z\v m\w sIm-Sp--c-pXv' F icI]\bpsS {]tbm-Kw Akm[yamnbXvD-dpZphmWv. CXmWv DdpZp hntcm[ns Hm-as ImcWw.ap-kvenwIsf kmwkv-ImcnIambn inYneoIcnpIsbXv c-m-as eyamWv.

  • 24

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw24Cybnenv \ne\np kpNnX tZiobX, hKobX,

    PmXo-bX, `mjm{`mv XpSnbh ]utcm-lnXynsbpwm]\aXn-s-bpw krjvSnbmsWpw ChbpsS A-Sn-m-\w ssZhhnizmknepw ]ctemIt_m[nep-ap-m-nb I-f-fmsWpw \mw Ip. kpNn-XXz \n-e-\npXvCybn am{Xa; temIn Hcp-hn-[-sam {]tZ-ifnepwHcp hn[nesn asmcp hn[n k-p-NnXXz\n-e\npp. Cdm-n \njvI-f--cmb ss]X- D]-tcm-[w- sImp-mb ]n-Wn-bm ]nSpacn-p-sIm-n-cp--tm- P\m-[n-]Xy kwm-]-\-s-p-dnv hmNm-e-cm-b-h; t_mkv-\n-bbn apkvenw tNmcsImv \ZnI-fpw arX-tZ-l-sImvIp-pIfpw Xoh; tkmamen-b-bn ]nWn-sImv ]mI-sf-tmse a\pjy acn-p hoW-tmfpw km{amPyXzns tk-h--\-s-p-dnv almb N-I kwLSnnh; temI-cm-jv-{Sfp-sS apgph t]m-eokmbn Nabp ]mmXy km{am-Py-Xzw; Ad_v tZiobXbpsS kwcI\mbn Nav Ipssh-s- sImpcmjv{Ss hngp-m- {ianv ]cmPbsh;Idph-v kzw ]nIfpsS m\w t]mepw \Im X-m-dnm shm; ]e-kvXo-\nIfpsS `qan ISn blq-Z-cmjv{Sw ]Wnbphv ]npW ]mSph; Cs\ t]m-Ip-p Am-cmjv{ScwKfnse kp-Nn-X-Xz...

    D\oNXz kzw hoSn\Ip \npXs XpSpp.s]nt\mSp AhKW\ DZmlcWw. Ahsf P\n-phmt]m--epw kXnmnStm-fw \psS a\pI ac-hn-p-t]m-bncn-pp. "Bw\ntbmskknkpw' "kvIm-\nwKpw' \-S-nK`iniphns enwK\nWbw \Sn s]mWv ]ndmt]m-IpsXn sImpIf-bm\p hnZybnv kp-e-`amWv.kv-{Xo-[\ns t]cn s]p Poh-t\msS Zln-n--s-Spp. kXnk{Zm-bw hopw Dbsgpt--p-p. tZh-Zm-kn k{Zmbhpw Hcp cp]ne-sn asmcp cq]nC-ybnen-pw \ne\npp. s]p ]nIfn- t]mIm]m-Sns ]mXnc hAfp-I Cpw s]mSn-s]m-Sn--pp. I\y-Im-Xzs hn{K-l-h-cnv kv{XoXz-n-s ]q-W-amb {]Im-

  • 25

    am\-hnI sFIyhpw GI-ssZhhnizm-khpw 25i-\-n \nv ]mhw s]p-sf AIn \n-n k`-bpsS-m]-\--fpsS \S-n-n\v B-w Iqp-hm A-hsc NqjWwsN-p--Xns\ \mw tkh-\-sav Hma-\-t-cn-n-cn-p-p. adp-]p-d-v, s]ns ku-cyw hnv Imimp \oNhrnv k-aq-lhpw cmjv{Shpw ]npW]mSpp. Ahsf ]oUnnpp.A-lamb AhImi Ahv hIshp-sImSpm k-aq-lhpw cmjv{Shpw m-]\aXhpsampw X-m-d.

    kaqlns ASnm\ t{iWn-bpambn _s asmcp{]iv\amWv kmnI D\oNXz. Almcn-bm-b ]-W-m- ASp honse ]n-Wn-sb Ipdnv Xosc t_m[hm\m-Ip-n-. ]Ww sImv ]Ww sImpIsb Xz-imkv{X-n-s {]tbmKn-em-Wv Ahs apgph {i. ]mhs-h-s\ NXcpw CSnpIenbpw Ac-p-IpSnpt]mepw ]W-ap-m-pXn Ah sXsmpw ImWpn. k--s s]m--hpw Dbbpw ]mh-s-hcn Akqbbpw sshcm-Kyhpwhf-pp. X\nv Ahkcw e`nptm- [\nIt\mSv ]I-cw-hoWsa Nn Ahs\ A\mpp. [\nIZcn{Z kw-L-\fntev \bnpXv Cu BXynIXIfmWv. C--cw km-nI{]iv\- Xs-bm-Wtm Cv km-nItem-I-s {]Xn-k-n-bn-tev \bn-n-cn-p-Xv.

    C\n \mw NnnpI. IpSpw_{]iv-\ apX Amcm-jv-{S Iel hscbphbpsS ImcWw Alw`mh-fm-sW-v \mw a\nemn. Fs cmjv{Sw, Fs {]tZiw, Fsk-apZm-bw, Fs PmXn, Fs hKw, Fs hWw, Fs Ip-Spw-_w, Rm ap-htcm Da\msWpw AXn\v am-{X-amWv bYmYn \ne\nphm- AhImiapXv Fp-ap- Nn-bm-Wv Alw`mhw. Cu Nn CmXm-p-XneqsSam-{Xta kwL\fn \n-pw kv]bn \npw temIwap--amhpIbpw a\pjy sFIy-sSpIbpw sNq. Cu NnC-msXbmphm Bm-Wv IgnbpI. `uXnI {]Xy-b-im-kv-{Xp Ignbp-tam? Cu \qm-ns XzNnsbvkm-{Xv hnti-jnn amIvknkw DZm-lcWambn FSppI.`q-anv apIfnep- Hcp hn[-sam {]iv\sf Ipdnpw N-

  • 26

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw26sNp- amIvknkw Hcp kq-W-{]Xyb-imkv{XamWv. F-n-pw Cu Xz-im-kv{Xw ]cmPbsp. Iyq-Wnk-n-s]-dpZokbn P\ IyqWn-ks IpgnpaqSn. Zmi\nI-Nc-n{X-n-s hnimeamb NhpsIm--bn A\-ib-\-n-em-Wnv, amIv-knkw.

    amIvknkns ]X\n\v Hn-e[nIw ImcWfpv.AXv ]Zm-Y-s am{XamWv IXv; a\pjys\ I-n. ]Zm-Yns kenXcq]-fn A]w koWamb Hp am{X-amWv amIvknv hoWn a\p-jy. a\pjy\nse k-p-Nn-XXz CmsXbmWsan Rm F t_m[w X-s CmsXbmWsam-Wv AXv knmnXv. Alw-t_m-[ap-m-pXv kzImcy kmWv. AXn\m kzImcy-kzv\inns-SpIbpw kaqln s]mXpkzv F- k]whfphcnIbpw thWw. Rm F t_m[hpw FtXv FNn-bpw kaqlsa aqk]-n ebnp tNcWw.C-u Xzw a\p-jys\ \nep Ahs khn-ti-jambA-kvXnXzs \ntj[npp. Hcp Xzimkv{Xn\pw A-lw-t_m-[w \innm\mhn. AXpsIp X-s am\h-tNmZ-\-s-Xncmbncpp am-Ivknkw; AXmWXns ]X\n\p- Hmas ImcWw.

    A`uXnIamb Hnsbpw AkvXn-Xzw AwKoIcnmXncp- amIvknkw, Hcp Xcnep Alw`mhw krjvSn-pIbm-Wv sNbvXXv. a\pjys\bmWv {]]nse DXinbmbn{]Xn-jvTnXv. a\pjy\v apIfn Bcpan. amIvknsbpw Gw-K-knsbpw Kpcp-hmb epUvhnwKv t^mb_mv Xs F-s-kv Hm^v {Inkvym\nn F ]pkvXIn "a\pjy-\m-Wv{]-]-nse ssZhw' Fp kaYnpp-v. Cu Nn- A-lw-` mhw hfn. men\pI krjvSnssXs\-bmWv,A-h {IqcmcmbXv kzm`mhn-Iw am{Xw. Cu {IqcXI t]mepwa-\p-jysc sFIysSppXn\m-sWv hymJym\n--s- -Xm-Wv --hnNn{Xam-bn-pXv.

    amIvknkns ]X\tmS\p-_nv, Cybnse Np-h-cpIfn {]Xys "amIvknkn \npw am\-h-Z--i-

  • 27

    am\-hnI sFIyhpw GI-ssZhhnizm-khpw 27\-ntev' F ap{Zmhm-Iyn h Igpaptm? ]-c-am-m--hns AwiamWv Pohmmsh AssZzXZi\w B-cn--Iamb ]mckv-]cyntepw XZzmc am\h sFIy-n-te-p-am-Wv \bnpsXpw AXn\m am\hcminsb \bn-mA-ssZzX NnmKXnpam{Xta km[n-pIbpq-sh-p-am-WvCu ap{ZmhmIyw AampsXpamWv hymJym\n--s--Xv. AssZzXmNmcy\mb {io ics IrXnIfneqsS ISp-t]m-bm- Cu AhImi hmZfnsempw bm-sXmcp Igp-an-s-v a\nemIpw. hWm{iahyhbpsS kwm-]\-n\viambn {ian {io ic iq{Z]oU\sf t{]mkmln-n--bm-fmWv. Xs {_kq{X `mjyn "iq{Z thZw D-cn-m \mhv Adpp thsSpWw. thZw tIm ImXn-Cubw Dcpn HgnWw. thZa{- Dcnm sIm--W-w.iq-{Z\v m-\w sImSpcpXv.' Fpw a-pw Akn-KvZambnI-]n {ioicmNmcycpsS A-ssZz-X-Zi\amWv "am\-hZ--i-\'am-bn AhXcnnsSpXv. tjmh\n-kns am\hn-I-k]n kh-W am{Xta Dsmppqshvkmcw.

    \mw Ncn{Xw ]cntim[npI. kp-NnXXzfn \npwap--ambn kln-jvWpXtbmsS P\w Ignncp GsX-n-ep-sam-cp kapZmbw Ncn{Xn-epmbnptm? Fn B kap-Zm-b-ns ASnm\Zi\sambn-cp-p? P\ X-nXnbncp ]ucmWnIImev a\pjysc Hnn-phm G-I-ssZhhnizmkn\p km[nncppshmWv {]K` N-cn-{X Zmi\nI\mb tKmU ssNUv ]dbpXv. GI--ssZ-h-n- a\pjysc-mw hnizknp Hch kwPmXam-b-tm-- kzm`mhnIambpw BcnI]m-ckv]cyhpw sFIyhpw km-tl-mZcyhp-apmbnsbmWv Atlw Xs hmv lmUvC---- lndn F ]pkvXI-n kaYnpXv. ImSw hn-pam-dnbncpnm {]mIrX a\pjys\ Hnnm\pw k-tlm-Zcmcmm\pw GIssZhhnizmkn\p km[np-sh-n, Im-Sntev Xncnpt]mbn-smncnp B[p\nI a-\p-jys\-bpw sFIysSpm\pw klnjvWpX ]Tnnm\pw G-

  • 28

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw28IssZh hnizmkn-\p am{Xta Ignbq.

    GIssZhhnizmkap]tbmKnpsIm-mWv {]hmNIm a-\p-jysc Hnn-Xv. temI{kjvSmhpw Hcp inbpap-stI-he hnizmka. {]XypX B inIp am{Xta B-cm-[-\Ifn-ppsh {]Jym]\w IqSnbmWv GIssZh hn-izm-kwsImv AYam-pXv. tamsi {]hmNI ]dp""C-{kmbose tI, \psS ssZh-am-b Imhv GI I---mhv' GI\mb Imhns\ am{Xw Bcm[nm ]mSp-p-sh Xzw hfsc iambn X-s ]Tnn {]hmNI\mWvtbip. A-t-lw ]dXmbn ambn Dcnp-p. "\ns I--mhns\ \akvIcnv Ahs\ am{Xta Bcm[nmhq.''(2)

    BcymKa\n\papv Cybn \ne\nncpXv G-I-ssZ-hhnizmkam-bncppshXn\v hyamb sXfnhp-Ifpv. th-Zfnse Nne {]mY\I-fpw D]\njZvkqfpw Cmcywhy--ampp. H-cp- E-tKz-Z-kqIvXw- t\m-pI:-

    ln-c-Wy-K-`x- k-a-h-- Xm-t{K-`q-X-ky- Pm-Xx- ]-cn-tX-I- B-kn-Xv-k-Zm-[m-c- ]r-Yn-how,- Zym-ap- tX-amw-I-kv-ssa- tZ-hm-b- l-hn-jm- hn-t[-a.-

    (B-Zn-bn- ln-c-Wy-K--`- am-{X-ta- D-m-bn-cp-p-q.-- A-h-\m-Wv- k-I-e- `p-h-\--fp-sS-bpw- A-[o-im-[n-Im-cn.- A-h- `q-an-sb-bpw- kzK-s-bpw- A-X-Xp- m-\--fn- m-]n-p.- A-h-\n-\n-m-Wv- k-h- N-cm-N-c--fp-ap-m-b-Xv.- tem-Iw- ap-gp-h-- A-h-s-d- I]\-I-- A-\p-k-cn-p-p.- A-Xn-\m- A-h-\p- am-{Xw-l-hn--n-pI)-(3)

    Nne D]\njpI _lpssZhm-cm[\sb Xp-d-s-Xn--ppv.

    \- X-ky- I-iv-Nn-Xv- ]-Xn- A-kv-Xn- temtI-\- tN-in-Xm- ss\-h- N- X-ky- enw-Kw-\- Im-c-Ww- I-c-Wm-[n- ]m-[n-t]m-\- Nmky- I-iv-Nn-Xv- P-\n-Xm- \- Nm-[n]x-

    2. ambn 4:103. E-tKz-Zw- 10:121:1

  • 29

    am\-hnI sFIyhpw GI-ssZhhnizm-khpw 29(A-h-\p- Xp-ey-am-bn- tem-I-n-emcp-an-.- A-hn-S-tm-Sv-B-Pv-

    Rm-]n-m- B-cp-an-.- A-hn-S-t-v- Zr-iy-am-b- A-S-bm-f-hp-an-.-k--h-n-s-d-bpw- Im-c-W-I--m-hm-b- A-h-\v- Im-c-W-m-c-\m-bn- Bcp-an-.- A-hnS-t-v- P-\-bn-Xm-th-m- A-[n-]-Xn-tbm- B-bn-B-cp-an-)-(4)

    \- X-{X- kq-tcym- `m-Xn- \- N-{- Xm-c-Iw-t\-am- hn-Zyp-tXm- `m-n- IptXm-- b-a-Kv\nx-X-ta-h- `m-w- A-\p-`m-Xn- k-hw-X-ky- `m-km- k-hw- C-Zw- hn-`m-Xn-

    (A-hn-sS- ]-c-{_-lv-a-n-\p- ap-n- kq-c-y-t\m- N-{-t\m- \--{X--tfm- {]Im-in-p-n-;- C-Sn-an-- t]m-epw- A-hn-S-s-ap-n- \n-jv-{]-` -am-Wv.- ]n-s- Cu- An- F-hn-sS?- k-z-bw-{]-Im-i-am-b- A-hn-S-s- --{]-Im-i-m-em-Wv- k-h-Xpw- {]-Im-in-p-Xv;---kh-Xn-s-d-bpw- {]-Im-iw- A-hn-S-s- {]-Im-iw-X-s-bm-W-v-)--(5)

    A-i-co-cw- i-co-tc-jz-\- h-kv-tY-jy-h-n-Xw-a-lm-w- hn-`p-am-Xv-am-\w- a-Xzm- [o-tcm- \-tim-N-Xn-\-m-b- am-Xv-am- {]-h-N-t\-\- e-t`ym- \ ta-[-bm- \-_-lp-\m-{ip-

    tX-\-b-ta-ssh-j- hr-Wp-tX- tX-\- e-`y-

    (B- ]-cam-Xv-am-hv- A-n-c-\pw- i-co-c-ap-s-n-epw- hn-tZ-l-\-pw-A-N--e-\pw- a-lm-\p-am-Ip-p.- B- ]-c-am-Xv-am-hn-s\--n- A-dn-bp-Pv-Rm-\n- H-cn--epw- tim-Im-Xp-c-\m-hp-n-.- B- ]-c-am-Xv-am-hv- hm-n-\pw- Im-Xn-\pw- _p-n-pw- A-{]m-]y-am-Wv.- F-m-,- B-cp-sSta- A-h-\v- Ir-]-bp-tm,- A-h-\v- B- ` m-Kyw- e-`n-p-p.- F-s-m-,- A-h- Ir-]m-]m-{X-n- am-{X-ta- kz--bw- {]-Xy--s-Sp-I-bp-q-)-(6)-

    AwXa {]hnintbkw`qXn ap]mktXXtbm `qb ChtXXtam bXp kw`qXymw cX:

    4. tiz-X-i-X-tcm-]-\n-j-v-- 6:-55. ap--tIm-]\n-j-v- 2:-2:-116. I-tTm-]-\n-j-v- 1:-2:-22,-23

  • 30

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw30(\izcfmb tZh ]nXr am\hmZn-Isf D]mknph

    A-m\am-Ip- tLmcmImcn ]Xnpp. A-\-iz-c-\m-b ]cammhns\ Ipdnv anYym`n-am\-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-p--h\pw tLmcmImcn Xs ]Xnpp)-(7)

    hn{Klsftbm ihIpSocsf-tbm hymPssZhsftbmB-cm[np-hm ]mSnspw ]cammhv AYhm ]c{_w am--{XamWv Bcm[\l-s\pw ]Tnn D]\njpIf\p-k-cn-v `mcXob Pohnp Imev Chn-sS klnjvWpXbpwkm-tlmZcyhpw \ne-\nncpp. PmXobXbpw hKob-Xbpw h-fpXn\pthn Bcym sNbvXXv GIssZh hn-izm-k-s \in-npIbpw ]ctemIt_m[s amn-a-dn-p-I-bp-am-bn-c-ppshv \mw apv a\-nemnbnpv.

    {InkvXphns hyamb I]-\IsXncmb, {In-k-vXp-hn-s\bpw I\ymadnbtbpw Bcm[np ss{I-kvX-h-Z--i-\-nt\m, D]\njZvI]\-Ip hncpambn cmat\bpw Ir-jv-W-t\bpw inhenwKtbpw XpfknsSn-tbbpw B-cm-[n-p- sslhZi\-nt\m a\pjysc sFIysSpm\m-hn-s-pdmWv.

    ]qWamb AYn GIssZh-hnizmkw \n-e-\n--p-Xv Cv Ckv-eman am{XamWv. t\mlbpw A{_lm-apw Zm-ho-Zpw tbiphpw `mcXob {]hmN-Imcpsamw {]t_m[\wsN--bvX al-mb aXns t]cmWv Ckvemw. A-y{]-hm-N-I-\mb aplZv \_n Cu {]hmNImcpsS ap-gp-h ]nKm-an-bmWv. Atlns PohnXw \ap-p apn Xpdp-sh--s- ncnpp. Ncn{XImev Pohn {]hmNIs Po-hnXn\n-p am{Xta GIssZh-hnizmkw a\pjysc Fns\bmWvsF-IysSpnbsXv a\nemhq.

    aplZv \_n Ad_nbmbncpp: ]s, Atd_y tZ-io-bXbpsS hmhmbncpn. "Ad_n'v A\d-_ntbmbm-sXmcp HuXyhpan-sp {]Jym]n Atlw kpNnXtZ-iobXbpsS ISbvmWv In shn-cnpXv.

    ap-lZv \_n Jpssdinbmbncp-p: ], tKm-{X-a-ln-a-7. Cu-im-hm-tkym]\njv: 12

  • 31

    am\-hnI sFIyhpw GI-ssZhhnizm-khpw 31bp-sS t]cn Atlw Fsnepw AhImisncp-n. a-m-hnPbns kabv hnip IAv_mebn\p ap-n \n-v {]hmNI {]Jym]nXv "Am-lp \nfpsS ]gb s]m--{]IS\-hpw ]nXmmcpsS t]cnep s]cpa \-Snepw A-h-km\nnncnpp'-shmbncpp.

    aplZv \_n shfpbmfmbn-cpp. ]s, I-dphtcmSvAtlw hnthN\w ImWnn. Idphcn I-dph\mb_nemembncpp At-lns Ghpw ASp k-tlmZc-m-cnsemcm. CkvemanI N-cn-{Xn-se Ghpw h-enb hn-P-b-amb amhnP-bns {]Jym]\w \Sm At-lw \n-tbm-KnXv _nemens\bmbn-cpp.

    aplZv \_n apkvenambncpp. ]s, apkvenambn F--Xns t]cn am{Xw Atlw BcpsSbpw sXpIsf \ym-bo-I-cn-pItbm AapkvenwIv \oXn \ntj[npItbm sN-bv-Xn-. At-lw ]dp "Fs aI ^ mna Ifhp \SnbmA-hfpsS ssII Rm tOZnpw' kapZmbnI kpNnX-Xz-n-\v Atlw ]qWambpw FXncm-bncpp.

    aplZv \_n ]pcpj\mbncpp. ]s, kv{XoItfmSv A-tlw hnth-N\w ImWnn. kv{XoIv _m[yX-IsftmseXs AhImifpap-smbncpp Atlns A[ym-]--\w. kIehn[ kv{Xo]oU\p-saXnsc iambn i-_v-Zn alm\mb hnhImcnbmbncpp Atlw.

    aplZv \_nbpsS A\pbmbnhr-s t\mpI. AhnsS]-Wmc\m-b Dkvam\pw ]Wnmc\mb Dssadpap-v. Ad-_n-bmb Dadpw A\d_nbmb kam\papv. shfph\mbA_q-_dpw Idph\mb _nemepapv. D-S-abmb A_q-kp-^vbm\pw ASnabmb bmkndpapv. Jpssdinbmb JmenZpwJpssdinbm sskZpapv. JZoP-bpw-, Bbnibpw, Ak-v-am-Dsamapv. Ah Xn bmsXmcp hn-thN\hp-an. AhcpsSa\n IpnssZh-tfm IssZhtfm C. GI\mb{k-jvSmhn\p apn am-{XamWv Ah kmjvSmwKw sNpXv.h-cnhcnbmbn \nv H-cp t\Xmhn\p Iogn \Sp \a-kv-Im-c-n Dadn\Spv Dssa-dpw A_q_dn\Spv _nem-epam-

  • 32

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw32bn-cn-pw \npXv. Ah Xn sXm-pIqSmbvabn; Xo-n-qSmbvabn; Abnan; kpNnXXzsfmpan. A-h-scmhcpw BmYambn GI-ssZhtmSv {]mYnpp.H-cpanv Hcp-t]mse s\p ssII shp-sIm-v, Ahpap--n kmjvSmwKw sNbv-XpsImv... Ah Xn k-v]--bn-, hnthN\an, kpNnXXzfn. Ah-cpsS akcw H-scm- eyn\p th-nbmbncpp; kI IqSpX-- sN-bv-Xv GIssZhm BZcn-sSphcn ap]n-bnse-p-hm thnam{Xw.

    Ckvemw Cu cq-]nep sFIyw km[nXv AXns ssZ-h-k]n-eqsS-bpw {]] k]neq-sSbp-amWv. Cu{]-]s ]Sv ]cn]men-np in GI\mWv. Aht\m-Sv am{Xta a\pjy Bcm[\Ifnp-hm ]mSpq. a\pjy-t\-m DX-\mb Hcp inbps t_m[w Ah-\nseA-lw-`mhsfmw XIpp. shfphs\bpw Idph-s\-bpw kh-Ws\bpw AhWs\bpw hyXykvX \m-p-Isc-b-pw ` mjmscbpsamw kr-jv-SnXv GI\mb {k-jv-SmhmsW--p hcptm Ah Xnep hnthN\- A-{]kambnamdpp. alm-b B inp apn a\pjy\Sap- N-c-mN-csfmw \nmcamsWv hcptm "FtXmWv hen--bXv' F Alw`mhw A{]kamhpp. Ah-p apnam-{Xw sNp kmjvSmw-Kw "Alw`mh'sfsbmw \inn-p--p. AhnsS {kjvSmhpw krjvSnIfpw am{Xw.

    a\pjysc XneSnnpIbpw `nn-npIbpw sN-p--Xn-\pthn ]u-tcm-lnXyw ]SXmWv ]e hymPssZh--tf-bp-sav ImWm\mhpw. ssZhfp-sSbpw a\pjycpsSbpw CS-bn- a[yh-nIfmbn Nav NqjWw sNpI-bm-bncpp]u-tcmlnXyns e-yw. inh\mWv kis\v hmZn- ssihmcpw hnjvWphmWv ssZhfn- {][m\nsbv hm-in-]nSn sshjvW-hmcpw Xn a[yImep \S c-cq-nX Iem]fn \mbIXzw hlnXv ]p-tcmlnXm-cm-bn-cpp. ]Xn-\m-bnc sImesNs {]kvXpX kwL--\- sImv t\apmnb-Xpw ]ptcmlnXm Xs. C-

  • 33

    am\-hnI sFIyhpw GI-ssZhhnizm-khpw 33k-vemw ssZ-hn\pw a-\p-jypanSbn bmsXm-cp hn[ a[y-h-nIsfbpa\phZnp-n-. GIssZhns in, {]]-w apgph\pw hym]np InSppshpw a\pjycpsS IWv-T-\m--fntbm kao]--\m-Wv Ahs\pamWv Ckvemw ]Tn-n-pXv. Ah\ntev A-Spphm- CSbmfstbm ip]m--i-Istbm Bhiyan. Ah IcpWm\n[nbpw ]ca-ImcpWn-I-\pamWv. Xs ASnabp-sS {]mY\v Dcw \Ip Zbm-ep-hm-Wh. Bpw Aht\mSv t\cnv {]mYnmw. klmb--f`yYnmw. ]utcmlnXyw Ckvemanensp am{X-a, A-Xn-s\ {]mtbmKnIambn \inn-m t]mXmWv CkvemansA-[ym-]\. ssZhnsbpw aXns-bpw t]cn Nc-n-{Xm-XoXImew apX-p Xs \ne\nncp NqjW-pAdpXn hcppIbmWv ]utcm-lnXy\ntj[neqsS C-kvemwsNbv-XXv.

    Ckvemans {]]k]w a\p-jysc DchmZn-t_m-[-aph\pw A`nam\nbpamn ampp. {]-]w, {_mhn\p]-nb Hcp A_m krjvSnsXmsW ]pcmWk-]hpw ambbpw an-Yy-bpamsW AssZzXmibhpw, ]m]k-q-Wam-sW ss{I-kv--XhhoWhpw Ckvem-an\v A\y-am-Wv. {]]w ssZ-h-ns krjvSnbmWv. krjvSnp]nnk---i\p a-l-mb Nne eyfpv. a\pjy\mWv kr-jv-SnIfn Ghpw Da. Nnmtijnbpw hnthN\ioe-hp-ap- GIPohn a-\p-jy-\mWv. Cu `qanbnepssXmw a-\p-jy-p th-n ]-S--sXmW;v kzX{amb ssI-Imcy-I--r-Xzn\pw. a-\p-jy-cpsS Ignhv ssZhns {]tXyIambZm-\-amWv. Cu Ignhv kr-jvSn]cambn hn\n-tbmKnstSXva-\pjycpsS I-hy-amWv. AXn\h ssZhnI amK\n-tZ-i-sf A-\pkcnWw. Am ]w AXv hynbpsSbpwkaqln-sbpw \minemWv IeminpI. {]]nseD-akrjvSnbmWv Xms\ t_m[w a\pjycn Bm-Y-X-bpw A`nam\hpw DchmZnz-t_m[hpw hfpp. ssZ-hn-I amK-\ntif\pkcnp PohnXw Ah-s\ hn-a-eo-I-cn-pp.

  • 34

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw34a\pjy\nse "Rm'F t_m[w \innm Ckvemw

    {i-anpn. F-s IpSpw_w, Fs cmjv{Sw, Fs k-vXp-Snb t_m[ Hcp ]cn-[n hsc BhiyamsWmWv C-kv-eman-s ]w. AhbpsS eyw tIhew XncndnhpIam-{XamIWw. Ah kpNnXhpw {]Xntema]chpambn-q-Sm a-\pjy Xnep sFIynt-bpw thXncnhnsbpw ta-J-e-Isf Izp-B hyambn \nhNnppv.

    ""tl a\pjysc, \nsf Rm krjv-SnXv Hcp ]pcpj\n\n-pw Hcp kv{Xobn \npamWv. \nsf tKm{X-fpw h--K-fpamn XncnncnpXv ]ckv]cw a\nempXn\pth-n-bmWv. \nfn \np ssZhn Ghpw BZ-c-Wo-b \nfn Ghpw [--n-jv-Tbph Xsbm-bn-cn-p-w.'' ChnsS tKm{Xnstbm hKns-tbm AkvXnXzwIzp-B \ntj[np-n. AhbpsS eyw ]ckv]capa-\nemepI am{XamhWw. s]m- {]IS\hpw A-lw-`m-hhpambnq-Smsbp \njvIjnpIbmWv sNp-Xv.

    Hscm amXm]nXmfpsS afmWv a\pjyscmw FIzp-B\ns A-[ym]\hpw a\pjy Xnep AI- Ip-d-p-p. Ahsc ]ckv]cw ktlm-Zco ktlmZcmcmn amp--p. Hscm amXm]nXmfpsS afmWv a\pjysc-mw F-kpcamb krjvSnk]-n\p]Icambn ` u-XnIhmZnIvAhXcnnm\pXv ]cnWmahmZ-am-Wv. shfp Bcymb-YmY a\pjy-cpw Idp Gjym ]cnWmanse \nIr-jv-SPohnIfpamsWv \mknI {]NcnnXv Cu ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Zns ASnm\n \npsImmbncp-p. Ckv-em-an-s kmtlmZcy k]-n-s ASnm\w "\nbw \n-fp-sS ssZhw Hv; \nfpsSsbmw ]nXm-hpw Hcm Xs. F-mhcpw BZan \n-phcmWv BZtam an \npw' F{]-hmNIhN\n \np hy-ambn a\nemhppv.

    GIssZhhnizmkne[njvTnXamb PohnXZi\n\v A-Yhm Ckveman-\p am{Xta a\pjysc sFIysSpm-\pw km-tlm-Zcyw ]Tnnphm\pw Ign-bq. app kaqlfnteXp t]m-se Xs ]utcmlnXyhpw \mmNmcfpw krjvSn k-p-Nn-

  • 35

    am\-hnI sFIyhpw GI-ssZhhnizm-khpw 35XXzv apkvenw-kapZmbhpw hnt[bambnpsn A-Xn-\p ImcWw Ah XuloZn \n--pw {]hmNI-{]-t_m-[-\--fn \n-pw hyXnNenXmWv. a\pjycminsb apgph sF-Iy--ntep Wnp-tm {]Yaambn ihIpSocmcm[\-bn-epw hocmcm[\bnepw apgpIn In-S-p kzkapZmbs sF-Iy-ns ]mm-hntev sImphcnIsb NpaXe \n--ln-stSXpv. kapZmbn-sbpw kaqlnsbpw sF-Iy-n-\mhiyw ssZhnIamb ]miw apdpsI ]nSnpIbmWv. I-fa ssZhnI {K-hpw {]hmNINcybpamWv ssZhnI]m-iwsIm-p hnhnpXv. hnip Izp-B\pw Xncpkppw]n-pScpXn-eqsS am{Xta bYmYnep sF-Iyw km-[y-am-hq, AXn\v ki XpW-s. Bao.

  • 36

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw36

    am\-h-sFIywkXy-n-e-[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn--Ww

    ]n.-hn- i--c-\m-cm-b-W-

    Fw.Fw.AIv_ Fgp-Xnb "am\-h-sF-Iy-hpw GI-ssZhhnizm-khpw' F teJ-\-n hkvXp-Xm-]-c-ambpw Bi-b-]-c-ambpwh Nne sXp-Isf Nqn-m-Wn-p-Ibpw hni-Zo-I-cn-p-I-bp-amWv Cusbmcp {]Xn-I-c-W-ns Dtiyw.

    Bcym-K-a-\-amWv ` mc-X-nse hKo-b-X-m-cw-`-sav teJ-\-n ]d-bp--Xv bmYmYy-a-. `mc-Xo-bsc hnL-Sn-n-p-hm--\pw, X-fpsS tImf\n`-c-W-t-bpw, aX-]-cn-h-\-t-bp-w \ymbo-I-cn-m\pw t--hn {_nojv `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Ifpw {In-kv-Xyanj-\dn-am-cpw X-fpsS Bm-\p-hn-I-fmb Ncn-{X-Im-cam-sc-smv ]S-p-m-nb sIp-I-Y-bpsS k]-n-\-p-dw, Bcy-m h-h-cm-sW hmZ-n\v bmsXmcp \n-e\npw Ncn-{X-n-en-. "Bcy' F-Xn\v "t{ijvT' F-m-Wv AYw. `mc-Xo-b tZi-`m-j-hy-Xym-k-an-msX ]c-kv]cwB-cy-s\v kwt_m-[-\ -sN-bvXn-cp-p. cmh-W-s\ -h-[nv ]-Xv-

  • 37

    am\-h-sFIyw kXy-n-e-[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn--Ww 37\n-sb hos-Sp cma cmh-Ws cmPyw At-l-ns A-\n-b hn`o-j-Ws\ bmsXmcp]m[n-bp-an-msX G]n-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. AXm-bXv Bjkw-kvIm-c-m kp-jvS-cmb Bcy-m- Hcnepw Fhn-sSbpw AXn-{I-anv B[n-]Xyw t\Sp--h-c-. ]e tZi-p-\npw ki-I `mc-X-n-tev hn-cp-p.Ah Ah-cpsS cmPy-ns Hcp AS-bmfw Ah-ti-jn-npw.Xn-cn-p-t]m-Ip-tm ChnsS Cp-sh--Xnepw \qdv aS-m-bn, C-hn-Sps hninjvS hn -`h--tfbpw kwkvIm-c-tbpw Xe-bnepws\n-ep-ambn FSp-psImpt]m-hpI-bpw sNbpw. AXn-\mChn-Sps kwkvImcNn- temI-ns ]e tImWp-I-fnepw Imew Ipgn-n- p-m-bn-cnpw. AsXmw tXmn-sb-Spv`m-cXkwkvImcw Chn-sS-bmWv D-hn--sXpw Bb-Xp-sImvC-hn-sS-\nv ` mc-X-n-tev hs-nb kwkvIm-camWv Bcy-kw-kvIm-c-sapw ]d-bp--Xv, ]d-bp--hsmcp kwXr-]vXn -\-Ip--Xp-sIm-m-bn-cn--Ww.

    {Zmhn-U-t\-bpw, BZn-hm-kn-tb-bpw, iq{Z-t\bpw ]oUn-n-p--Xn-\mWv NmXp--hWyw \nAn-Xpw ]p\P-knmw m-]n--Xpw Fv teJ-\-n ]d-bp-p. NmXphWyw \nAn-Xv Cuiz-c-\n--bhpw D-a-amb Hcp kmaqlyhyh-n-Xn-bp-am-Wv. \mep-h-W-fpw XymK-_p-n-tbmsS kaq-l-s ]c-kv-]cw tkhn-p-p. NmXp-hWy-n {_m-Wv AXn-I-Tn-\-amb \nb-{-W-am-Wp-Xv Ahv kzmYn-\m-bn v {Z-hyw km-Zn-m Al-X-bn-. {]X-{K-l-ambn Inp-Xv XsB{i-bnv Ign-bp injy-msc ]cn-]m-en-m am-{X-amWv.{_m--W\p cmPy-`-c-W-tam, Irjn-, hy-h-kmbw Ch-tbm C;bm-Khpw thZm-[y-b-\hpw am{Xw. AXn iq{Zs\ ]oUn-n-tBh-iy--an-. am{X-a-- Xs tkhn-p iq{Z\v Ahs IpSpw-_-w \ne-\nm X-Xmb Iqen Gs-Sp--W-sav a\p]-d-bp-p.(1) Ah-s\ ]oUn-n-p-hm {_m-W\v bm-sXm-c-[n-Im-c-hp-an-. ImcWw Poh-t\m-]m-[n-mbn {_m-W-tkh\nn Ah\v ap- sXm-gn-en\p t]mImw.(2) iq{Z\v Icw Hgn-hmWv.(3)

    1. a-\p-kvarXn: 10:1242. a-\p-kvarXn: 10:993. a-\p-kvarXn:10:120

  • 38

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw38iq{Z-s Zu_eyw apX-se-Sp-m-Xn-cn-m Ahs kv{XosbBsc-nepw hy n`-N-cn-m Ah\v Bbncw ]Ww Z---ap-v.(4) C\ntNmZn-s, Jpdm-\nse ASn-a--n\v F-m-Wv \ymbo-I-c-Ww? a\p-jy a\pjys\ ASna-bm-p--XmtWm km-tlm-Z-cy-ns DZm-l-c-Ww? ASn-a-kv{Xosb bP-am-\\v F-tm thW-sa-nepw {]m]n-mw. Imc-Ww ]d-bp-Xv Ah-fpsS hn-Im-cia-\-n\v thsd hgn-bn-s-m-Wv. Fm ASn-a-bmb ]p-cp-j\pwhnIm-c-an-s? Ah\v Xs bP-am-\-nsb {]m]n--m-sav Fp-sImv ]d-bp-n-. ASn-a-kv{Xosb hy`n-N-cn-n-v ]Ww km-Zn-p-Xv apkven-an\v \ymb-amb Imcy-am-Wv. A-Xn\v Jpdmau\m-\p-hmZw \-Ip-p. Hcp hyh-- am-{X-w- -hy-h--b- Ii-\-a-m Hcp \ntiw am{XwAXm-bXv Jp-dm ]d-bpp""Nmcn{Xyw B{K-ln-p ASn-a-kv{Xosb hy`n-Nm-c-n\v \n-n--cp-sXv'' sNbvXm-tem "AXn-\p-tijw Xm- s]mdp-p-sIm-Spm'sav {kjvSm-hns kam-[m-\hpw. C-hnsS ASn-a-s-ns\ hy`n-N-cn-p--Xnt\m hy`n-N-cn-n-p--Xnt\m DS-avbmsXmcp inbpw \nt-in-p-n-. A-s\-bp hy`n-Nm-c-Ww sImv IpSpw_w ]pep-hm-\pw, cm-Pm-hn\v Icw-sIm-Sp-p-hm\pw Hcp apkam\v en-t--Xn-s-Yw.

    iq{Z\v thZw \ntj-[n--Xns\n teJ-I ]d-bpp-v; C-X-hmkvX-h-am-Wv. bPp-thZw imkn-p-Xv iq{Z thZw ]Tn--W-sa-mWv.(5) CXv Iqn-t-Xm-sWv Fs Hcp apkvenwk-tlm-Z-c hmZn--bp-m-bn. Atlw A-s\-sbm-cp-hmZwD--bn-Xv Btcm- Nne ]mmXy ]-nX A{]-Imcw ]d--Xm-bnv Fhn-sStbm {]kw-Kn-Xv tI-Xm-Ws{X. AXm-bXvth-Z-sf hnain-p--Xn\v Xv tXmnbXv Xn-hn-Sp-I.CXn\v henb _pn-ap-sm-p-an-tm? bmYmYytam thZ-]c--ctbm Kpcp-ap-J-p-\n-mWv {ihn-p--Xv. Hcp a{w sNm-n- ]Tn-p--Xn\v {]tXyI \nb-a--fp-v. Hmtcm A-chpwX-n C{X -am-{X-bpsS Imew CS -th-W-sa-pw, C coXn-bn- I\w thW-sapw Hs-bp \nb-a- Ii-\-ambn ]m-en-mWv thZw ]Tn-n-p--Xv. As\ thZ-nse A-c--

    4. a-\p-kvarXn: 8:3835. bPpthZw: 26:2

  • 39

    am\-h-sFIyw kXy-n-e-[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn--Ww 39 D-cn-p coXn-p- am-{Xambn Hcp imkv{X-apv AXmWv "in-'. thZ-nse hmp-Iv C-Xm-WY-sap ImWn-m-\mbn Hcp imkv{X-apv AXmWv \ncp-w. Cs\ ]Xn-\m-bn-c--W-mb hj- \ne-\n-p-h-cp ]hn-{Xhpw ip-hp-am-b Hcp ]T-\-coXn thsd GsX-nepw aX-{K---fpsS ]T-\-n-\p-tm F-dn-bn-. Cs\ ]Tn-p-h-cp- thZ-n Hcpa-{w Hcmpw Hcn-epw Iqn-tm Ign-bn-. AXpwth-Z- iq{Z\v \ntj-[n--h-scp hna-i-I ]d-bp--Xmb{_m--W, X- Xs iq{Z\v thZw ]Tn-m Al-X-bp-a{w Iqn-tsv F-s\ ]d-bpw. AX--s\-bmWv Nn-ehna-i-I A-s\bpw ]d-bpw. AXp hniz-kn-t-p-I.

    ]ns, {_-kq{Xw i-cm-Nm-cy-cp-sS kzX-{-Ir-Xn-b-. A-Xn-se hkvXpX bYm-X-Y-ambn Ah-Xn-cn-np F-p-am-{Xw. Bcp-tS-bpw ImXn Cubw Hgn--W-sav Atlw kza-\-mte]-d-n-n-. Atlw kzb-tah Nm-es\ Kpcp-hmbn hcn-bm-fm-Wv. Fm-h-cnepw BssNX\yw Htc-t]mse hnf-ppF-m-W-tlw ]d-n-p--Xv. _p-m \in-Xv Ckvem-an-s- hc-thm-sS-bmWv. i-cm-Nm-cyinjy-m Fhn-sSbpw Bbp-[-[m-cnIfm-bn-cp-n-. apkv-enw cmPm--m-cmWv _p-msc H-Sw \in-n--Xv. Ak-ln-jvWpX Ckvem-an-t-Xm-Wv. AXns_m-n]{X-amWv tijn-p Ghpw ]g--am _p-{]-Xn-a-I A^vKm\n-m-\n \inns--Xv. sNn-kvJm-\pw, `-n-bmdpw Hs -sIm-sm-Sp-nb _p-m-cpsS IW-p-I N-cn-{X-n-ep-v. CXv aqSn-sh-nv Fp-Im-cyw.

    C\n tPymXnjw. {Kl-W-k-a-bv kqcys\ ad-p m-\-v N{-s\-bmWv cmi-nN-{I-n AS-bm-f-s-Sp-p-I. cm-lp-hpw tIXphpw Omb{Kl--fm-sWv tPymXnjw IrXy-ambn]-d-bpp. {Kl-W-n N{ \nevp--Xns\ t\sc F-Xn--`m-Kv Ggm-as cmin-bn As-n Ipd-p-IqSn IrXy-am-bn- 1800 AIse AS-bm-f-s-Sp--s- npmhpw. Ejn-I Be-m-cn-I-ambn kqcys\ hngp-p-sp ]d-s-p-am{Xw. C--cw Be-m-cnI{]tbm-K- thZ--fn DS-\ofw ImWmw. thZ-- ]c-kv]-c-]qc-I--fm-I-bm AXn-s ]c-amYw thsdm-

  • 40

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw40n- thsdm-cn-S-mhpw {]I-Sn-n-pI Fp-am-{Xw. AXm-bXvth-Z-nse Hcp a{hpw kzX-{-ambn \nevp-n FYw.D-Zm-l-cWw: EtKzZw ]d-bp k]vXm-iz- hen-p cY-n kqcy D]-hn-jvS-\mbn hnf-p-p -Fv. CXn-s hkvXp-X-mbn bP-pth-Z-n t]mh-Ww. AhnsS Cs\ ]d-bpp:""kMvintXm-c-ivan-\m-cY; kMvintXm-c--ivan-\m-lb'' Fv(6) AXm-b-Xv "civan-bmWv cYw, civan-bmWv lbw' Fv. asm-cn-Sv "A-antb k]vX-c-ivab' Fv kqcys\ tZymXn-npp. ASn-m-\-hW- Ggm-Wtm, B hW--fn-ep Ggv civan-I-fm-Wv thZ-nse kqcys Ggv IpXn-c-bmbn ]d-p-sh--Xv. \n-Kq-Vimkv{X- C-s\ Ae-m-c-n {]I-Sn-n-p--XmWvEjn-bpsS coXn. Ejn kh--\mWv. ` mK-h-X-n ` qan- tKm-f-am-sWv ]d-p-sh-n-cn-p-p. ""t{]-bnXzm ` q-thm-tKmfw]-Xvss\'' Fv AXm-bXv ]Xv\nv `qtKmfw ImWn-p-sIm-Sp--p Fv. hnam-\-n I-a\pw ]Xv\nbpw k-cn-p `m-K-mWv CXp ]d-bp-Xv.(7)

    Cu ]c-amYsams ad-p-shv X-s hmZ-k-aY-\-n-\mbnGsX-nepw Hcp hnai-I Ejnsb "JtKm-f-imkv-{Xhnj-b-n- Ctlw Am\n'sb-v kl-X-]n-m B hnai-I-s-\ Ip-dnv Fp-]-d-bm

    teJ-I D]-\n-jXva{-sf D-cn--Xnepw A]m-I-X- am-{X-am-Wp--Xv DZm-l-cWw:

    ""Ai-co-c-i-cotc jz\-h-t-jz-h-nXwalmw hn`qhm-m\w aXzm-[o-tdm-\-tim-N-Xn''(8)

    teJIs hymJym\w XpS--n-Xs a{-kw-_--an-m--XmWv. Bb-Xn-s\ "B ]-c-am-mhv An-c\pw ico-c-ap-s-nepw hntZ-l\pw A-N--e-\p-am-Ipp' Fv. ChnsSB ]-c-am-mhv "An-c' Fp ]d--Xpw "ico-c-ap-s-n'-ep-w Fp-]-d--Xpw teJ-I kzbw \nAn AY-am-Wv. a-{-mYw CXm-Wv, "Ai-cocw ico-tcjp' "ico-c--fn Ai-co-

    6. bPpthZw: 23:147. `m-K-hXw: 3:23:438. ItTm]\njv: 2:22

  • 41

    am\-h-sFIyw kXy-n-e-[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn--Ww 41c-\mbn' F-mWv. F-s\-bp ico-c--fn "A\-h'am-bi-co-c--fn -F-s\- n-Xn-sN-p-p. "A\-h'An-cw,A-h---nXn A\-h--amb Ppico-c--fn ico-c-an-m-- ]c-am--ssN-X\yw \nd-p-\np-p. a{- ]c-kv]-c-]qc-I--fmWv F-Xn-\m ITw 1:2:22-mw a{amWv CXnsap-Kman AhnsS ]d-bpp.

    ""AtWm-c-Wo-bm al-tXm-a-lo-bm

    Bm-ky-P-tm \nlnXw Kplmbmw'' Fv "alnepwalpw sNdp-Xnepw sNdpXpw Bb ]c-am-mhv Pp--fpsSi-co-c-n hnf-n-\n-p-p FY-ap 20s XpS-bmWv te-J-I D-cn 22-mw a{w. Fm teJ-I F{X-k-aY-a-bmWv Xt-Xmb AYIev]-\- \In B a{sX-s B-i-b-k-aY\-n-\mbn hf-sm-Sn--Xv "D]-\n-j-Xv apn-p-\n-p-Xv k-`m-h-n-epw cq]-nepw Cuiz-c hnf-p-p Fp- Im-Wn-m-\m-Wv. `n t`Z--fn Cuiz-cs\ B-cm-[n-p--Xn\v bmsXm-cp-X-S-hpw C FYw. Cuiz-cImcp-Wy-hm\pw c-I\pamWv. F{X I-Tn\ ]m]-t-bpw Pm--c-sImv Cuiz-c XpS-p-am-pw. ]m]nsb thZ-\n-n-m-\ in \Ip--Xv. in FXv in-W-am-Wv. in-W-n-eq-sS Ah Bm-sf ]cn-ip--cm-p-p. AmsX Hcp{K-w \In-bnv \n-v _pn-bpv; kzX-{-am-bn -Xn-c-s-Sp-m-\p Ah-Im-ihpw. CXm Cu Hcp Pw \m-bmkz-Kw, Cs-n \cIw Fv ]dv ssII-gpIn Ae-k-\m-b-n Ccn-p Hcp ssZh-a D]-\n-jXv Zin ssZhw. ]m]n-I-sf A-tlw kvt\ln-pp. ImcWw At-lw k-m-\n-bm-Wv. tIm]n-p-Xv \ncm-i-bp-tSbpw Am-\-n-tbpwA--a-bp-tSbpw ^e-amWv. \s-sb-mw ahm\pw im-\p-am-b Cuiz-c XpW-s Fp {]mYn-p-sImv D]-kw-l-cn-pp.

  • 42

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw42

    -am\-h-kvt\lw kXyk-am-hWw;-]-]m-X-am-hcpXv

    ]n.-hn.-F {]nw-tdm-kv

    "am\-h-s-F-Iyhpw GI-ssZ-h-hn-izm-khpw' F teJ-\shnain-v sImv i-c-\m-cm-b-W-s\-gp-Xnb {]Xn-I-cWw hmbn-p. BZi-cw-Kv hyXn-cn-X ]pep-tm Xs PmXn--aXhK--hW--hkv{X sshPm-Xy-Xo-X-ambn a\p-jys\ a\p-jy-\m-bn ImWm I-gn-b-W-sapw, tZi-n-ttbm`mj-bp-tStbm as-s-nepw ]-cn-I]-\-bpsStbm ASn-m-\-n CX-c-cn Hu-Xytam A-[-a-Xztam Z-in--cp-sXpwhni-Zo-I-cn-p-sIm-p--Xm-bn-cp-p {]kvXpX teJ-\w. kp-Nn-X tZiobNnbpw hK-]-c-am-b ta-tm-bva-sb-p-dn-p-ffanYy-m`na-m\hp-amWv Bcym-K-a-\--tmsS `mc-X-n kwPm-X-am-b-Xv Fv teJ-\-n kqNn-n-n-cp-p. Fm `mc-Xo-b-sc hnL-Sn-n-p-hm\pw tImf-\n-`-c-W-t-bpw aX-]-cn-h-\-t-bpw \ymbo-I-cn-p-hm-\p-ambn {_no-jp-Imcpw {Inkv-Xyan-j-\-dn-amcpw X-fpsS Bm-\p-hn-I-fmb Ncn-{X-Im-c-m-sc sIm-v sa\-p-m-n-b-XmWv {]kvXpX hmZ-sa-mWv

  • 43

    am\-h-kvt\lw kXyk-am-hWw 43a-dp-]-Snpdn-n teJ-I Fgp-Xn-m-Wp--Xv. Bcyam]pdv\nv h-h-cm-sW hmZ-n bmsXmcp Ig-p-an-s-pw adnv DZm--amb Bcy-kw-kvIrXn C-hnsS \npw a-p cm-Py- ISw sImv X-fpsS cmPy-t-v IqSn _lnKan-n-p-I-bm-Wv sNbvXXv Fp-amWv A-t-lw teJ-\-n hnh-cn-p--Xv.

    Bcy-m[n-\n-th-ihpw AXn{Ia--fpw

    bYmY-n Ncn-{Xs Ah-[m-\-X-tbmsS hon-- ]m-m-Xy--]u-c-kv-Xy- N-cn-{X-c-Nbn-Xm--sfmw Xs Bcym-[n-\n-th-i-s-p-dnpw Ah ` mc-X-nse BZn-a-\n-hm-kn-I-fmb{Zmhn-Uv t\sc \S-nb {Iqc-amb It---sf-p-dnpw hy--am-n-bn-p-v. sXs-t\-jy-bn \npw bm{X XpS-n ln-p-p-jv ]-X-\n-c-In-S-bn-eqsS ]m-_n-senb Hcphn`m-K-hpw, ]Sn-m-tdm v bm{X- sNbvXv Cdm-\n-se-nb asmcphn`m-K-hp-a-S-nb cp-Iq- -cmWv Bcy-m F-mWv s]mXp-th-bp A`n-{]m-bw. \c-hw-i-imkv{Xw icn-sh-p-Xpw Cu A`n-{]m-b-s-bmWv. \n{Kn-tm, t{]mtm Bkv{S-tem-bvUv, {Zmhn-U-, Bcy-m,- a-wt-Km-fn-b, ]mm-Xy Fn-s\ Cy P-\-Xsb Bdp-hn-` m-K-ambn Xncn--tm AXn \mem-a-t-XmbnFp-Xv Bcy-m-sc-bm-Wv. imco-cn-I-{]-IrXn sImv Xt-io-b-cmb Cy-m-cn \nv Xptemw -hy-Xy-kvX-cmb ChBC-2000\pw 1500-\p-an-S-mWv Cy-bn-tev Ip-Sn-tbdn-bXv F-m-W-v Icp-X-s-Sp--Xv.

    `mc-X-nse BZn-a-\n-hm-kn-I-fmb {Zmhn-U-hw-i-P-cpsS taBcy-m \S-nb A[n-\n-th-i-tbpw {Iqc-amb \c-l-Xy-I-tfbpw shfn-v sImp-h-cm Ncn-{X-{K--- Xs Ah-ew-_n--W-sa-n. X hnip---sfv hniz-kn-p ssh-Zn-I{K- Xs [mcmfw aXn-bm-Ipw. EtKz-Z-n B-h--n-p ]d-bp tLmc-am-b bp-- Am-ev \S Bcy--Z-kyp kwL--\-s-bmWv Ipdn-p-Xv FmWv Ncn-{X-]-n-X- kqNn-n-p--Xv. tZh-\m-b-I-\mb C{s\ kvXpXn-pE-tKzZkq- apgp-h X-fpsS i{Xp--fmb Zkyp-sfIog-S-nb hnh-c-W--f-S-n-b-XmWv. CXn\p sXfnhp \Ip

  • 44

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw44Nne EtKz-Zkq- ImWp-I.

    ""A-tbm, C{m! Av k-Zm -bp--io-e-\m-Ipp. i{Xp--fmb Akp-c-m-cpsS \K-c-tm-sSmw apn \np- Cui{Xp\K-chpw _ew-sImv XnIpw \in-n-p-p. h{Pm-bp[wsImv \apNn F ambm-hn-bmb Akp-cs\ sImp...''(1)

    ""C{m, Ahn-Spv Ic-RvP, ]W-b Fo Akp-c-mscAXn-Yn-Kz-s\ cmPm-hn-\p-thn h[n-p. ]ns Hv EPn--izm-sh cmPm-hn-\m hfp \n-s hMv-Kr-Z-s\ A-kp-cs \qdv IW-n\v \K-c-sf XIp.''(2)

    EtKz-Z-nse 3mw a-e-nse 34mw kqs hyJym-\nv alm-Ihn h-tm Xs ]Zy-hn-h-\-n C-m-cy-w kqNn-n-p-p--v.

    ""\In, biz--sf, \In, Znt\-is\\In, bn{ ]pcp-t`m-Kybmw tKmhn-s\,\In, s]mnp-X, Zkyp--sf-smp\mbn cn-n-Xmcy hW-sf...''(3)

    Bcy-m-cpsS FXn-cm-fn-I-fm-bn-cp Zkyp-sf C{ \n{K-lnpshpw Bcy-hW-sf cn-p-sh-p-amWv ChnsS kq-Nn-n-p---Xv. EtKz-Z-n apgp-h \nd-p-\np-Xv C-{-s C-c-n-ep Akp-c-\n-{K-lhpw \K-c-I-t---fp-am-Wv.A-XvsImv Xs-bmWv ]pc- (]--W) \in-n--hF-bY-n C{s\ ]pc-c Fv hnti-jn-n-p-X.vtam-lP-Zmtcm F hm-nsbYw Xs "acn--h-cpsS taSv'(The mound of dead) FmsWXv CtXm-sSm-nv tNvhm-bn-p-I.

    Fn-\p-th-n-bm-bn-cpp Bcym-[n-\n-thiw F-XmWv A-Sp- tNmZyw, hnai-I teJ-\-n kqNn-n Bcy-kw---bpsS AY-n Xs CXn\v D-c-ap-v. "t{i-jvT'F--bY-n-ep Bcy F ]Zw bYmY-n- Hcp KpW-sa--Xn-ep-]cn Ah-cpsS hwiob HuXy-s- Ip-dn-m am-{Xw-

    1. E-tKz-Zw-1:53:82. E-tKz-Zw1:53:93. E-tKzZw 3:34:9

  • 45

    am\-h-kvt\lw kXyk-am-hWw 45hnim-e-am-bm-bn-cpp Av {]tbm-Kn-n-cp--Xv. \oN, A[-a--,-Zm-k F AY-n-semw hnfn-n-cp Zkyp-sf \-in--nvt{i-jvT-scv anYym-` n-am\w ]pep X-fpsS Iogn cmPy-`-cWw hc-W-sa B{K-l-ns ^e-am-bmWv Bcy--Z-k-ypkw-L- -\--sfmw DS-se-Sp-p-X.v temI-sam- p-ap am\-h-k-apZm-b-s Hmbn ImWp--Xn\v ]Icw X am{Xw t{i-jvTcpwap--h A[-a-m-cp-am-sW Cu Bcy-Nn Xs-bm-Wv Nm-Xp-hWys \ymbo-I-cn-m hsc teJ-Is\ t{]-cn--n-p--Xv.

    `mc-XobkwkvIm-c-nse \oXn-bp---amb `cW\S-]-Snvam-Xr-I-bmbn teJ-I Nqn-m-Wn-pXv cmas em-hn-P-b-hpw hn`o-j-Ws cmPym-tcm-l-WhpamWv. Akp-c-cm-P-Ip-am-cn-bmb iq-W-J-bpsS aqpw apebpw tOZn--Xn\v {]Xn-{In-b-bmbn Xn-sm-p-t]mb koXsb Hp kv]-in-p-I- -t]mepwsN-m cmh-Ws\ {Iqc-ambn h[nv ]Icw hn`oj-Ws\ cm-Pm-hmbn hmgn cma-\n DZm-am-XrI Zin-m-, km-ans\h[nv ]Icw kzm`n-a-X-\mb Pem Xe-_m\nsb `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bmbn {]Xn-jvTn tPmPv _pjn\msX am\p--jnIXbnhniz-kn-p Bpw km[n-p-I-bn-.

    bYmY-n {Zmhn-U-hw-i-P ssIh-cn-n-cp kwkv-Im-c-ns then-p-dv hcm t]mepw tbmKy-c-m-bn-cpp Am-e-s Bcyam FmWv sshZnIkmln-Xy- \s t_m-[y-s-Sp-p-Xv. NqXp-I-fn, ]-b-, B--s] hyXym-k-an-m aZy-]m\w XpSn kmaq-lnI Acm-P-I-Xz-vA-m-ev bmsXmcp \nb-{-b-W-hp-ap-m-bn-cp-n-. A-Xn-\o-N-amb ssewKnI sshIr-X-fpw Am-e--fn \ne-\n-n-cp--Xmbn Ah-cpsS kmaq-lnI-Pohn-X-n \nv \apv a\-n-emIpw. A aIsf hnhmlw sNp coXnbpw ]c-ky-hy-`n-Nm-chpw kv{XoIsf Iqn-sm-Sp--ep-samw CXn-\p-Zm-l-c-W--fm-Wv. PpKp-]vkm-h-l-amb Cu kmwkvIm-cn-I-Nn---fmWvChnsS\npw tXmn-sb-Spv temI-ns hnhn-[- `m-K--fn- Ipgn-n- -sX-n AhnsS \npw apfps]mp-Xv kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS \mp-I-f; A[-a-Xz-ns hnj-q-Wp-I-fmsWvam{Xta kqNn-n-m-\p-q.

  • 46

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw46NmXphWyw Cuizc-\n--btam?

    teJ-I cma-Xmbn \ymbo-I-cn-p hn-jbw ` mc-X-n\ne\nn-cp NmXphWy hyh-n-Xn-bm-Wv. NmXphWy-hy-h--bn Fm hWn\pw Xpey \oXn-bmWv e`n-p--sX-mWv Atlw Nqn-mWn-p--Xv. P\m-[n-]-Xy-s-Ip-dnv tPmPv Hmsh-ns Hcp Xam-i-bp-v. ""P\m-[n-]-Xy-nF-m-hpw Xpey ka-Xz-apv; Fm Nnev Nne-tc-mk-aXzw IqSp-X-emWv'' Fm-W-Xv. NmXphWy-nse ka-Xz-s hne-bn-cp-p-tm ta {]kvXm-h-\-bm-tWma hcp--Xv. ap--hsc At]-nv ` mc-XobZi-\-n {_ml-a-Wv"k-aXzw' A]w IqSp-X-em-Wv.

    C\n hW-n Bs-nepw G-p-d-n-ep-I tXmp-p-s-n AXv Cuiz-c-\n--b-ns `mK-amWv FpIqSnkqNn-n-p-p--t-lw. PmXn-ta-[m-hn-Xz-ns hN-\- kz--w {]am-W--fn Fgp-Xn-n-Sn-nv, ap PmXn-hn-` m-K-sf apgp-h XfpsS Zmk-m-cmn amn, B "kIaw' Cuizc-\n-- shp-sI-m-\p Cu lo\-{iaw, a\xkw-Xr-]vXn-mbn Dcp-hn--Sm-hp CjvS-a{w F-Xn-e-pdw bmsXmcp ]cn-K-W-\-bp-a--ln-m hmZ-am-Wv.

    NmXphWy-nse {_m-Ws nXn teJ-I-s\-gp-Xn--Xv hmbn-m Cud-\-Wn-p-t]m-Ipw. kz-ambn kzvkm-Zn-m Al-X-bn-m-- -Ir-jnbpw hym]m-chpw \S-m- ]mSn-m-- -{]-Xn-{K-l-ambn Inp-Xv Xs A\yv hoXnpsIm-Sp-t-p \ncm-ew-_cpw \n[-\-cp-amb ]mhw P\-hn-` mKw!am{X-a-, Ch iq{Zv Iqen- sIm-Sp-pI IqSn thWw!! kzwamXm-]n-Xm-sf shn-smv Pbn-ent]mb Hc-{Ian tImS-Xn-bn shv hn[n-{]-Jym-]-\-n\v sXmp-apv ""Xm A\pwA-bp-an-m A\m-Y-\mtW! Zb-hmbn inn--cptX!'' Fvhn-e-]n IY-bpv. GXm-nXp t]mse-bmWv teJ-Is hni-Zo-I-cWw. NmXphWyhyh-bn Fn-\mWv {_m-Wkm-Zn-p-Xv? ap hW-n-ephcpsS A\p-Iq-ey--sf-m-w ]p-Xv {_m-W-m-ct! ` qan-bn Fp-s-nepw AXv{_m--Ws kzm-Wv. Xs DXv -`h-ns sshin-j-vSyw-sIm-

  • 47

    am\-h-kvt\lw kXyk-am-hWw 47v {_m-W AXn-s\mw Ah-Im-in-bmWv FmWv a\p-kv-ar-Xn(4) ]d-bp--Xv. adnv iq{Z\v \nXy-{_m-W ]mZ-tk-h-bpw.Cu-sbmcp Ihyw Cu-jy- Iq-SmsX \nh-ln--W-sapwa-\p Ahsc {]tXyIw DWp-pv.(5)

    Irjn hne-p--Xnepw ta[m-hnXz at\m-`mhw Xs-bmWvImWm-\m-hp-I. DXvIrjvS PmXn-bmb {_m-W \n-IrjvS PmXn-I- sNp-Xv t]mse IrjnsN-cp-sXpw adnv Ahsc D-]-tbm-K-s-Spn kzv km-Zn-p-I-bmWv th-sX-p-amWva-\p A\p-im-kn-p--Xv.

    C\n-bn--s\-sbmw kzns Ah-Im-in-I-fm-sW-nepwteJ-I Fgp-Xn-b-Xp-t]mse {_m-W- --{Xn-bm-Zn-Isf ]qW-ambpw a\p Irjn-bn \npw A\p-_--Im-cy--fn \npwhne-p-n-. A\n-hmcyL -n Irjn-sN-m\pw {Zhyw km-Zn-m\pw hym]mcw sNm\pw \ntZ-in-p hN-\- a\p-kv-ar-Xn-bn ImWmw.

    ""Ima-apXv ]mZy Irjymw Xp kzb-tah Irjo-hexhn{Io-WoX XnemvOpm [am-a-Nn-c-n Xm''

    (B-]Xvme-v) Irjn-sNbvXp Pohn-p {_mW-\pw -{Xn-b\pw kzb-tah Irjn-sNbvXv Fv (em-`-n-\p-th-n) h-fscmew kqn-p-sh-m-sXbpw ap-]-Zm---fp-ambn I-e-m-sXbpw [a-mbn hnm-hp--Xm-Wv.)(6)

    NmXphWyw "D-a-amb kmaq-ly-hy-h-n-Xn-bmWv' FvsX-fn-bn-m teJ-I \Ip ASp sXfnhv Zcn-{ZvIq-en Gs-Sp--W-sav a\p ]d-bp-p-s--Xm-Wv. hy-am-b Zphym-Jym-\-am-Wn-sXv teJ-I a\p-kvar-Xn-bn \np--cn Bi-b-ns sXmp-ap-n-ep cv tmI- hmbn-m Xs t_m[y-s-Spw. {_m-W-tk-h-bmWv iq{Zs kzK-n-\v \nZm-\-sav ]Tn-n-p hN-\--fm-Wn-h.

    ""kzm aq`-bmw hm hn{]m-\m-cm-[-tbp kxPmX {_W i_vZky km lyky IrX IrXyXm

    4. a\p-kvarXn 1:1005. a\p-kvarXn 1:916. a\p-kvar-Xn- 10:90

  • 48

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw48hn{]-tk-sshh iq{Zky hninjvSw Ia IoytXbZtXm -f \yn IpcptX X`-h-Xyky \njv^ew'' (kzK-n\p thntbm kzKn\pw Poh-\-n\pw th-

    n-tbm iq{Z {_m-Ws\ Bcm-[n--Ww. "Ch {_m-Wm-{in-X-\mWv' Fp ]d-bp--Xp-sImp Xs iq{Z IrX-Ir-Xy-X-bp-m-p-p. {_m-W ]cn-N-cy-bmWp iq{Zs hnin--amb Ia-sap imkv{X-n {]Ion--s-Sp-p. A-sXm-gn-sI Ah sNp Ia-samw \njv^-e-a-s{X)(7)

    C\n FmWv Cu IqenbpsS _mn]{Xw Fp IqSn t\m-n-bm Am-cy-n-ep a\p-hns HuZm-cy-t_m[w hy-am-Ipw. iq{Z\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb Iqen sImSp--W-sav ]d-bp--Xn\v sXmv tij-ap hN\w {in-p-I.

    ""Dn-jvS-aw ZmXhyw PoWm\n hk-\m\n N]pemImssh [m\ymt\mw PoWm-ssh ]cn-Zmx''

    (tk-h-I-\mb iq{Z\v, _mn-h-cp `-Ww, ]g-b-h-kv-{X--, [m\y--fpsS ]Xncv(a-v) ]gw sN ]m{X-(I- n- In-S apX-em-b-h) Fnh sImSp--Ww)(8)

    a\p-\n-b-a-n iq{Zv tPmen-bp-t]nv t]mIm A[n-Im-c-ap-s-mWv 10:99s shfn--n teJ-Is Is-.bYmY-n ChnsS Ah-Im-i-am-b adn-v, ""Ai-Iv\phw kvXip{iq-jmw...'' FmWv ]d-bp--Xv. "{_m-W-cpsS ip{iqj sN-m- Ign-bmsX hcp-tm' FYw. am{X-a GXp tPmen kzo-I-cn-p-I-bm-sW-nepw AXv D-a-hW-n-ephsc tkhn-p-Xv Xs-bm-I-W-sav a\p {]tXyIw \njvIjn-p-p-ap-v.

    ""ssbx Ia`nx {]N-cnssXx ip{iq-jyt ZznPm-XbxXm\n ImcpI-IamWn inev]m\n hnhn-[m\n N''

    (GXp Ia- sNbvXm ZznPm-Xn-I-fpsS tkh-bm-IptamAcw Imcy-Bim-cn-Wn apX-em-b-hbpw Nn{X-c-N-\mZnin-]-fpw iq{Z A\p-jvTn--Ww)(9)

    7. a-\p-kvarXn 10:122,1238. a-\p-kvarXn 10:1259. a-\p-kvarXn 10:100

  • 49

    am\-h-kvt\lw kXyk-am-hWw 49hWm-{i-a-hy-h-n-Xn-bn iq{Zs\ {_mW ]oUn-n-p-

    n F-Xn\v sXfn-hmbn teJ-I ]d-bp-Xv iq{Z-cn \nvIcw ]ncn-p-n F-Xm-Wv. kz-ambn kzv km-Zn-mAl-X-bn-m---h-tcWyhK-ns IpSn-bm\mb-{iqZ-\n\nv \nb-a-a-\p-im-kn-p-p-s-n Xs Fv Ic-amWv ]n-cn-pI?

    Fp-sIm-mWv Icw ]ncn-t--Xn-m-Xv F-Xn\v ]-m-a-[ym-b-nse 120mw tmI-n a\p Xs Dcw ]d-bp-p-v. ""Itm-]-I-c-W--fm-b-Xn-\m (tPmen sNbv-Xp sImSp-p---h-cm-Ibm) Ah-cn \nv \nIpXn ]ncn-t--Xn Fv.

    C\n Icw ]ncn-p cwKs Ak-aXzw Zin-m iq{Z-hn-`m-K-n-tev Xs t\m-W-sa-n; adnv A]w km-nI kpn-c-X-bp- NmXphWy-nse aqmw hn`m-K-am-b sshiy-cpsS ta Npa-n-bn-cp Ic-\n-baw t\mp-I.

    ""NXp-am-Z-Zmt\m -f ]n {Xntbm `mK-am-]Zn{]Pm-c ]cw-iym Inev_n-jmXvv {]Xn-ap-NytX''

    (cm-Pmhv {]P-I-fn \nv [m\y-ns jjvTmw-itam A-jv-S-amw-itam {Kln-p--Xn\p ]Icw B]-n, \men-semcp `m-K-w Ic-ambn hmn-bm AXns tZmjw bYm-in {]Pm-c--Ww sNp--Xp-sImv Cm-Xm-Ipw)(10)

    CXpt]mse kzWw, shn, tKm... XpS-n-b-hv Ccp-]-Xn-sem-cwiw \nIp-Xn-bmbn ]ncn--W-sav a\p-kvar-Xn-bnse10:120 ]d-bp-p-v. CsXmw advshm-Wv iq-{Z\v Ic-sam-gn-hm-sWv ]dv {_m-Wys \ymbo-I-cn-m teJ-I{i-an-p--Xv.

    iq{Z-kv{Xo kwkKs Ipdn-p a\p-\n-b-a-sf ]cm-a--in-p-n-S-mWv "i-c-`mjyw' AXns ]cn[n ew-Lnv ]pd-vI-S-p--Xv. iq{Zs Zu_eyw apX-se-Spv Ahs kv-{Xo-sb Bsc-nepw hy`n-N-cn-m Ah\v Bbn-cw ]Ww Z-ap-v'Fv AXn-i-tbm-n-]-c-ambn Ah-X-cn-n-p-po `mKvteJ-I. CXc hn`mKfn-ep kv{XoI-fp-am-bp hy`n-Nm-c-ns in-I-fp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNp-tm am{Xta CXn

    10. a-\p-kvarXn 10:118

  • 50

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw50ASn-bn-cn-p sIWn icnpw a\-n-em-hq. ]c-PmXn kv{Xokw-kKw aqew hnhn-[ hW-v e`n-p in-I a-\p-hn \np--cn--s. CXnse Ak-aXzw hni-Zo-I-c-W--fn-m-sX ---Xs hmb-\-mv t_m[y-s-Spw.

    ""iqt{Zm Kp]vX-a-Kp]vXw hm ssZzPmXw hW-am-h-kAKp-]vX-a-wK-k-sskz Kp]vXw ktW lob-tX''

    (`rm-Zn-I-fm cn-Xtbm Ac-n-Xtbm Bb ZznPmXnkv-{Xosb iq{Z {]m]n-m C{]-Imcw in A\p-`-hn--Ww.A-c-n-X-bm-sW-n Ah\v Xs k-kzhpw enwKhpw \jvS-s-S-Ww. cn-X-bm-sW-n Poh-\pssS Fmw \jvS-s-S-Ww)(11)

    ""sshiyx k-kz-Zx kymw-h-c \ntcm-[Xxkl{kw {Xntbm ZWvtUym auyw aqt{X-W- Nm--l-Xn''

    (A-c-n-X-bmb {_m-Wnsb sshiy {]m]n-m Hcp h-js XS-hp-in A\p-` -hn-p-Ibpw k-kzpw ]ng-sbm-Sp-p-Ibpw thWw. {Xn-b-\m-sW-n Bbncw ]Ww ]ngbpwI-gp-X-aq{Xw sImv \\ intcm-ap--\hpw Aln-p-p)(12)

    ""D`m-h]n Xp Xmthh {_mWym Kp]vXbm klhnep]vXu iq{Z-h-yu ZKvhyu hm ISm-n\m''

    (kpc-n-Xbpw KpW-h-Xn-bp-amb {_m-Wn-bp-ambn kw-K-an-m- iq{Z\p Xpey-ambn sshiy\pw {Xn-b\pw inn--s-S-Ww. AYhm DW--pp Inv Ahsc Zln-n--Ww)(13)

    ""auyw {]mWm-ntIm Zx {_m-Wky hn[o-btXCX-tcjmw Xp hWm\mw Zx {]mWm-ntIm `thXv''

    ({_m--W\v h[-Z--ns m\v intcm-ap--\w sN-n-m aXn-sb-mWv imkv{X-hn-[n. {Xn-bm-Zn-I-m-Ish-[-Zw Aln-p-s-n h[n-pI Xs thWw)(14)

    {_m-W-t\m-sSm-nv Ccn-n-S-n-en-cp-m ]rjvTw tem-l-w shv ]gp-n--W-sapw, ki_vZw At[m-hmbp hnm Kp-

    11. a-\p-kvarXn 8:37412. a-\p-kvarXn 8:37513 a-\p-kvarXn 8:37714. a-\p-kvarXn 8:379

  • 51

    am\-h-kvt\lw kXyk-am-hWw 51Zw tOZn--W-sapw, PmXnsb \nkm-c-amn B-t-]n-m ]--gp-n Ccp-mWn hmbn Ib--W-sapw, {_m-W\p I---hy[tm-]-tZiw \Ip--h\v hmbn-epw sNhn-bnepw Xnf-n- F Hgn--W-sapw \ntZ-in-p "ka-Xz-ns kpch-N-\-' a\p-kvar-Xn-bn-ep-S-\ofw ImWmw. Fm CXn\pk-am-\-amb Ip-v {_m-W- A\p-`-hn-tXv Xe ap--\w sNpI t]m-ep \nkm-c-amb in-I-fm-Wv. ^e-]p-jv-]]-{Xm-Zn-bp ac-fpw Imp-sN-Sn-Ifpw \in-n-p-Xv Hcp-t]m-se-b-s-p--XmWv CXn\v a\p ]d-bp \ymbw. CXmWvtPm-Pv Hmsh A\n-a ^man- ]d kaXzw! NnevNn-e-tc-m IqSp-X-ep ka-Xzw.

    NmXphWyw Ckvem-anse ASn-a--n\v _Ztem?

    `mc-XobZi-\-n \ne-\n-n-cp NmXphWys \ym-bo-I-cn-m Ckveman \ne-\n-n-cp ASn-a-hy-h-n-Xn-sb-bm-Wv Iqp]nSn-p--Xv. AXm-I-s, tIh-e-samcp ssh-Im-cn-I-th-en-tb--nse hnfnp]d-b-ep-I-f-msX IrXyamb ]T-\--fp-sStbm \nco--W--fpsStbm ASn-m-\-n Fgp-Xn-b-X-sv Hcm-hn hmbn-m t_m[y-s-Spw.

    Hcp cq]-n-e-s-n asmcp cq]-n, temI-k-aq-l-napgp-h-\mbn \ne-\n-n-cp Hcp kmaq-lnIhyh--bm-bn-cppA-Sn-a-w. ]pcm-W-{K--fpw Fssk-tm-]o-Unb t]mepd-^-dkv {K-fpw CXv hy-ambn hnh-cnp Xcp-p-v.hy-XykvX at\m-`m-h-ns hm--fmb ASn-a--D-S-a-In-S-bnse Cu thXn-cnhv Hcp \b-{]-Jym-]-n-eqsS FSppIf-bm- km[ya-- FXn\m Xs XnIpw imkv{Xo-b-ambpw{]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-bpamWv Ckvemw AXv kaq-l-n \nv hn]m-S-\w sNbvX-Xv. ASna- -D-S-a-In-S-bnse am\-kn-I-amb thXn-cn-hv Cm-Xm-p-I-bmWv BZy-ambn sNp--Xv. cv hncp a-t\m-` m-h-n-ep hn`m-K-n-sbpw at\m-\ne Htc Xe-n-te-s-n-p-hm-\mWv Ckvemw {ian--Xv. CXn-\mbn Av amK--fmWv kzoI-cn--Xv.

    1. ASn-a--D-S-a-In-S-bn kmtlm-Zcyw hfn. Ahschn`m-K--fmn Xncn-Xv Xncn--dn-bm thn am{X-am-sW [m-

  • 52

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw52cW Ah-cn hfn (IzpB 49:13)

    2. ASn-a-p Ah-Im-i- hI-shv sImSp-p. (IzpB4:36, 24:32)

    3. ASn-a-tam-N\w FXv ]pWy-Ia-ambn ]Tn-n-p. (IzpB90:12-16)

    4. Ip-Ir-Xy-p ]cn-lm-c-ambn ASn-a-tam-N\w \n-bn-p. (IzpB 4:92, 5:89, 58:3)

    5. tamN\aqeyw \In kzX-{-cm-hm A\p-hmZw \-In.A-Xn-\mbn kIm-ns hnlnXw hsc \onshm A\p-hm-Zw \In. (IzpB 2:177)

    Cs\ ASn-aw \n_m[w \S-amSnbn-cp Hcp kaq-l-s Npcp-nb Imes {]mtbmKnI \ntZ-i- sImv -^e-{]-Z-ambn tamNn-n hkvXp-X-bmWv Ckvem-an\v ]d-bm-\p-Xv.a-dnv \nbaw aqetam ass-nepw Ii\\S]Sn aqetam B-Wv ASn-aw \ntcm-[n-n-cp--sX-n Ipd Ime-b-f-hn-\p--n Xs AXv ]qm-[nIw inambn kaq-l-n Xncn-s-p-am-bn-cp-p. Fm Ckvem-anINcn-{Xs Ipdnv ]T\w\S-n-b-h-dnbmw {]Y-a-te-J-\-n kqNn-n t]mse,]-W-m-c-\mb DYvam\pw ]Wn-m-c-\mb Dssa-dpw, Ad-_n-bmbDadpw A\-d-_n-bmb kam-\pw, shfp--h-\mb A_q-_-dpwIdp--h-\mb _nemepw, Jpssd-in-bmb JmenZpw Jpssd-in-b-m- sskZpw, DS-a-bmb A_q-kp-^vbm\pw ASn-a-bmb bmk-d-pw tXmtfmSvtXm tNv Pohn Ckvem-ans AXnkp-c-am-b {]hm-NI Ime-L-w.

    ]ns-bp-Xv ASn-a-kv{Xo-I-tfm-Sp Ckvem-ans kao-]-\-amWv. temI-v \ne-\n-n-cp ASna hyh-n-Xn-bpsS Ncn-{X-sa-Spv ]T\w \S-n-bm Xz-nepw {]tbm-K-nepwCkvem-an-t\mSv InS-]n-Sn-p Hcp Zi\hpw Ign-v t]mbn-n-sv ImWm-\m-hpw. ASn-a-kv{Xo-Isf kzw ssewKn-Im-h-iy-v D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-Ibpw hy`n-Nmc-n\p hnv AXn\n-v km-n-I-em-` -ap-m-p-Ibpam-bn-cpp Am-epw A-Xn-\p appw temI-k-aq-l-n \ne-\n-n-cp coXn. CXns\IrXy-ambn s]mfn-s-gp-XpI am{Xa Hscm Xe-ap-d-tbmSv IqSn

  • 53

    am\-h-kvt\lw kXyk-am-hWw 53ASn-a-hy-hy-n-Xn-bpsS \mcm-b-thcv ]ngp-sX-Sp-pI IqSn-bmWvC-kvemw sNbvXXv.

    Xs Iogn Pohn-p ASn-a-kv{Xo-I-fp-ambn ssewKn-I-_--n Gs-Sm am{X-a: Ah-cn-eqsS P\n-p Ipn\v]nXr-kz-n\v Ah-Im-i-ap-sv IqSn ]Tn-n-p-pv Ckvemw.AXn-\m Xs DS-a-bpsS Iogn Pohn-p ASn-a-kv{Xo-I--v Xs k-Xn-bpsS P\-\-n-eqsS ssIh-cpXv ]pXn-sb-mcp PohnXhyhy-bm-Wv. am{X-a Xs ]nXm-hns DSa--X-bn-ep av Xpey-amb m\w A\--cm-h-Im-i-n-eqsS e`n-p ASnakm-\ ]noSv DS-a-bmbn amdp-I-bmWv sNp--Xv. ASn-a--n DS-av ssewKn-Im-[n-Im-c-an-m kmaq-lnI{I-a-n CX-msX cv amK--fmWv\ntZ-in-m-\p--Xv. Hv acWw hsc Ah {_-Nm-cn-Wn-I-fm-bn X-fpsS I\y-ImXzw Impkqn-pI; cv AXvhsc\ne-\n-n-cp--Xp-t]mse Bcp-ambpw t`mKn-m\pw AXp-hgn[-\w km-Zn-m\pw Ah-k-c-ap-m-p-I. ta]d cv c-o-Xnbpw Kpcp-X-c-amb kmaq-lnImc-n-Xm-hpw [man-I-Nyp-Xn-pw Imc-W-am-Ip-tm ]I-c-ambn Ckvemw \ntZ-in-p]cn-lmcw {]mtbm-Kn-I-Ihpw {]k--hp-am-sW-s{X hmkvX-hw.

    Ckvem-ans ASn-a-kv{Xo-Itfm-Sp kao-]-\-n \yq\XIs-m {ian-p teJ-I AXn-\mbn hnip- Jp-Bs\Zp-hym-Jym\w sNm\pw {ian-p-p-v. teJ-\-nse {]-kv-Xp-X `mKw Cs\ hmbn-mw. ""ASn-a-kv{Xosb hy`n-N-cn-nv]Ww km-Zn-p-Xv apkven-an\v \ymb-amb Imcy-am-Wv. AXn\vJpdm au\m-\p-hmZw \Ip-p. Hcp hyh-- am-{Xwhyh--b- Ii-\-a-m Hcp \ntiw am{XwAXm-bXv Jpdm ]-d-bpp "Nmcn{Xyw B{K-ln-p ASn-a-kv{Xosb hy`n-Nm-c-n\v\n-n--cp-sXv' sNbvXm-tem "AXn-\p-tijw Xm s]mdp-p-sIm-Spm'sav {kjvSm-hns kam-[m-\hpw. ChnsS ASn-a-s-ns\ hy`n-N-cn-p--Xnt\m hy`n-N-cn-n-p--Xnt\m DS-av bmsXmcp inbpw \nt-in-p-n-. A-s\-bp- hy`n-Nm-c-Ww sImv IpSpw_w ]pep-hm-\pw, cmPm-hn\v Icw-sIm-Sp-p-hm\pw Hcp apkam\v en-t--Xn-s-Yw.''

  • 54

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw54teJ-I hnai\hnt[-b-am-nb Izp--B kqw C-

    s\-bm-Wv. ""hnhmlw Ignm Ignhv e`nmh AhvAmlp Xs A\p{Kln \nv kzm{ibXzw \IpXvh-sc kamK\njvT \ne\ns. \nfpsS heXpssIID-SasSpnbhcn (ASnaIfn) \nv tamN\cmdn G--s-Sm B{Klnphcmtcm Ahcp-ambn \n tam-N-\--cmdn Gs-SpI; Ahcn \a-bpXmbn \n a\-n-emnbnpsn. Amlp \nv \Inbnp k--n \nv Ahv \n \In klmbnpIbpw sN-p-I. \nfpsS ASnakv{Xo-I Nmcn{XipntbmsS PohnmB-{Klnpps-n sFlnIPohnXns hn`hw B{K-ln-p sImv \n Ahsc thiymhrnv \n_-n--cp-Xv. hh-\pw Ahsc \n_np ]w Ah \n_-n-Xcmbn sXpsNbvXXn\v tijw Xobmbpw Amlp G-sds]m-dpph\pw IcpW ImWnph\pamIpp.'' (Izp--B- 24:33)

    I]Shnizm-kn-I-fpsS Xe-h-\mb A_vZp-m-ln_v\p D_-vXs cv ASna kv{XoIsf thiym-hr-nv \n_n-p-I-b-pw Ah \_n-tbmSv kSw t_m[n-n-p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xn-s\ XpSmWv Cu Bbv Ah-X-cn--sXv apkvenw A_q-Zm-hqZv apX-em-b-h tcJ-s-Sp-p-p-v. DSa \n_-nvAcw hrnv t{]cn-n-m ]S-h ASn-a-kv{Xov s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-sa-mWv AhnsS kqNn-n-p--Xv. AX-msXA-Xn\v \n_-n DS-av s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-sa--. PmXn-ta-[m-hn-Xz-ns ]qWqepw [cnv Izp---B\nI\nb-a--fnse\yq-\X Xnc-bm Bthiw ImWn teJ-I {]kvXpX Bb-n-\v A-c-sam-cYw Is-n-bn-n-s-nte Ap-X-s-tS--Xpq.

    Xs Iogn-ep ASn-a-kv{Xo-Isf hnhmlw Ign-p-Xv t{]m--km-ln-n-p-p-apv Ckvemw. hnip Izp--B ]d-bp-p.""\n-fnemsnepw kXyhnizmkn\nIfmb kzX-{-kv-{Xo-I-sf hnhmlw Ignm kmnItijnbns-n \n-fp-sS ssII DSasSpnb kXyhnizmkn\nI-fmb Zm-kn-amcn

  • 55

    am\-h-kvt\lw kXyk-am-hWw 55Bscsbnepw (`mcyamcmbn kzoIcnm-hpXmWv) Am-lp-hm-Ipp \nfpsS hnizmksn \mbn Adnbph.\n-fn Nne Nnecn \npm-bhcmWtm. As\ A-h-sc (B Zmknamsc) AhcpsS cImfpsS A\p-a-Xn-{]-Imcw \n hnhmlw Ign-v sImpI. AhcpsS hnhm-l-aq-eyw acymZ{]Imcw Ah-v \n \IpIbpw sNpI. t-hrnbn Gs-Smhcpw clkythgvNmsc kzoI-cn-m-hcpamb ]Xn{hXIfmbncnWw Ah.''- (IzpB 4:25)

    C-s\-bp hnhm-l-v Ccn {]Xn-^ew hmKv-Zm\wsN-p {]hm-NIhN-\- Ckvem-ans am\-hn-I-X-bmWv sh-fn-s-Sp-p--Xv. -""X-s-d- Io-gn-ep-- A-Sn-a-kv-{Xo-sb- kw-kv-Im-c-k---bm-p-Ibpw- A-h-v- G--hpw- \-m-bn- hn-Zym-`ym-kw-\--Ip-I-bpw- ]n-o-Sv- A-h-sf- tam-Nn-n-v- kz-bw- hn-hm-lw- I-gn-p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X-h-\pw- C-c-n- {]Xn-^-e-ap-v''(15)

    ]s, am-t-Snbpw ]pem-t-Snbpw kvam-hn-Nm-c-hpw\n-e-\n-n-cp Hcp kaq-l-nse Zpjn BNmcS-h-d-bn-en-cp-v am\-hn-ImZi-sf t\mnmWp teJ-I\v CsXm--pw ]qW Af-hn Dsm-m km[n-sv hcn-. AXv C-kvem-anI Zi-\-ns Ipg--a; adnv Zin-p t\{X-nsssh-I-ey-am-sWt ]d-bm-\p-q.

    iq{Z\pw thZm[yb\hpw

    ic\mcmbWs "am\hsFIyw kXyn-e[n-jv-Tn-X-ambncnWw' F hnai\ teJ\n NmXp--h--Wy-n- AkaXzan Fv sXfn-bnm-\mbn {][m\ambpw FSp-p-cnncnp sXfnhv iq{Z\v thZw ]Tnm A\p-hmZw\--IppsXmWv. adnp Btcm]Ww hkv-Xp-\n-jv-T-a-s-pw AXv BZyteJIs AXbmWv shfnhm-p-sX-pamWv Atlns Is. ]mm-Xy-]-n-X-m-cp-sS {]kwKfmWv apkvenwkplrpsf Ccw A_-hn-izmkv t{]cnnpsXpw KpcpapJv \nv thZw]-TnpI am{Xta CXn\v ]cnlmcapqshpw \n--Z-in-p-p-tlw. iq{Z thZm[yb\spdnv KpcpapJv \nv X-s-

    15. -_p-J-m-cn,- ap-kv-enw-

  • 56

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw56A]w ---Imcy --{Klnmw:

    ""{ihWm[yb\m{]Xntj[m kvartX''

    i_vZmYw: {ihWmyb\m{]Xntj[m=thZniq{Zp thZ-n-s {ihWhpw Ayb\hpw, AYNn\hpw{]Xntj[nnpXp sIm-pw. kvartXx N=kvarXnbnepw A-n-s\ ]dnpXp sImpw PmXniq{Zp thZ-hnZy-bv--[n-Imcansp sXfnbpp.

    kmcw:- {ipXnbn ip{Zp thZ{ihWhpw thZmyb\hpwth-ZmYNn-\hpw \ntj[nnpv. ""GX ivaim\w bi-q-{Zx Xkvam iq{Zky kaot] \mtyXhyw.'' "{iqZ iv-am-im-\np Xpeyw AipNnbmIpp. AXn\m "iq{Zs k-ao-]ncpp thZmyb\w sNcpXv' Fns\. CXpsImviq{Z-p thZm[nImcw \ntj[nsncnpp. {ihnmXs A[nImcansp ]dm ]ns A[yb\npwA-YNn\npw A[nImcansp ]dtb-Xntm. C-n-s\ Xskvar-Xnbpw Cu hnjbs kvacnnpv. ]c-ip-cm-akvarXnbn ]dbpp: ""thZm-chnNmtcW iq{Zx ]XXnX--Wm.'' ""thZmchnNmcw sImp iq{Z s]sv A-[x]Xnm CS-bmbnocpp' Fns\. Cs\ Pm-Xn-iq-{Zp thZm[nImcs \ntj-[nncnpp {ipXnkvar-Xn-I.''(16)

    thZ]T\n\mbn {]tXyI \nba-fpspw A-c---nSbnse Imehpw I\hpw ]menW-sapw Dmc-W-co-Xnp am{Xambn in F \nbaw ]men--Wsapw, A-Y- hniZo-IcWn\mbn \ncpw thW-sap-samw iTn-p-I-bpw AXnmXmWv XpSn Xs ]ngm Imc-W-sa-pw Btcm]n teJI apkv-enwI-sXn-cmb; Xm\hrscv IcpXp ]gbIme ]nXms-Xn--sc-bm-Wv hnai\w D-bn-pXv FXmWv hmkvXhw. Ctlwm\-pw Am\pw ]pIgvnb icm-Nmcy {]kvXpXtm-I-n\v \Inb hniZoIcWw IqSn t\mnbm Bcm-Wv thZ ]mcmbW-\nba ]Tnt-sXv kpXcmw hy-am-hpw.

    16. kzman m-\m\ kckzXn {_-kq{Xw: 1:3:38hymJymXm: t]Pv: 103,104

  • 57

    am\-h-kvt\lw kXyk-am-hWw 57""-iq-{Z-\v- {_-lv-a-m-\-n-\-[n-Im-c-an-. F-s-m kvar-

    Xn- A-bm thZw- tIp--Xn-s\-bpw- A-[yb-\w- sN-p--Xn-s\-bpw- {]-Xn-tj-[n-n-cn-p-p. th-Z-{i-h-W-n-sd {]-Xn-tj-[-hpw- th-Zm--Y-m-\-n-sd-bpw- th-Zm-\p-jv-Tm\-n-sd-bpw-{]-Xn-tj-[-hpw- iq-{Z-s\- kw-_-\v-[n-v- kv-ar-XnI-fn- sN-bv-Xn-cn-p-p. {i-h-W-{]-Xn-tj-[-n-\v- D-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn- "-th-Z-hm-Iyw- {i-hn-m- A-bm-fp-sS- sN-hn-bn- Cuhpw- A-c-pw- D-cp-n-sbm-gn---Ww-', "-iq-{Z k--cn-p ivaim-\-am-Ip-p. A-Xp-sIm-v- iq-{Z-sd- A-Sp-p-sh-v- thZw- A-[y-b-\w- sN-m ]m-Sn-.'C-Xp-sIm-v- A-[y-b-\-{]-Xn-tj-[-hpw- hn-[n-n-cn-p-p. F-s-m-- b-sXm-cp-h-sd- k-ao]w-A-[yb-\w- sN-m ]m-Sn--tbm-A-h- kz-bw- A-[y-b-\w- sN-p--sX-n-s\-?- "-A-h- th-tZm-m-c-Ww- sN-bv-Xm- Pnlzm-tO-Zw sN-Ww. th-Z-a-{- [-cn-m-- sIm--Ww' Fpw- ]-d-n-p-v. A-Xn-\m- A-bmv- th-Zm-Y-m-\-hpw- A-\p-jv-Tm-\-hpw- ]m-Sn-s-v- kn-n-p-p. "iq-{Z-\v- _pn (m-\w)- sIm-Sp--cp-Xv- Fpw- ]-d-n-p-v.''(17)

    teJ\n kqNnn t]mse iq{Zs ImXn Cubw D-cp-nsbmgn--Wsav icmNmcy "kza\mse' ]d--Xm-hm- hgn-bn. X ]ca-]cnipsfv IcpXp kvarXn-a{-sf km[qIcnm- Atln\v CXmsX thsd \n-hm-lantm... iq-{Zs hmbnepw sNhnbnepw F Hgn--W-sa-- a\pkvar-XnbnsehmIv]mcp-jysa Xesn\v Io-gn-se--D-cWn-I ImWpI.:

    ""\maPmXn{Klw tXzjm a`nt{Zm-tlW IXx\ntt]ym tbmabx ipPzemtky ZimwKpex[tm]tZiw ZtW hn{]mWmaky IXxX]vXamtkNtbssew hIvt{Xt{imt{X N]mnhx''

    (\maPmXn{KlWtmSpIqSn ISphN\w ZznPmXntbmSp ]-d-bp iq{Zs hmbn ]wKpew \ofap ]gpn Cc-p-m-Wn \nt]nWw. Almcw \nanw {_m-W\p I---hy[tm]tZiw sNp ip{Zs hmbnepw sNhnbnepw

    17. {_-lv-a-kq-{X-i--c-`m-jyw- 1:3:38

  • 58

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw58Xnfn F HgnWw.)(18)

    "Fmhcnepw Htct]mse hnfn\np B-ssN-X-\y-s A\p`hndn icmNmcy' Xmgv PmXnm-tcmSpam-{Xa, sslhXbnse Ahmchn`mKtfmSpw \ntj-[m--I \ne]mSv XsbmWv ]penbncpXv. Fmw icn-sb- hmZw BZicwKv Atln\nm-bncpp-shYw.""tbm-Kw- sIm-tm- kmw-Jyw- sIm-tm- a-X-Ia- sIm-tm-sh-dpw- hn-Zy-sIm-tm- tam-w- t\-Sm Ign. B-Xv-am-hpw- {_-lv-a-hpw- H-m-sW-v- A-\p-` -hn--dn-bp-I-bm-sX- tam--km-m-Xv-Im-c-n-\v- a-p- am-K-fn-.''(19)

    CXns\ hniZoIcnpsImv {io. ]n.sI. tKm-]m-e-Ir-jv-W- F-gp-Xp-p-: "-"th-Zm--a-X-n-sd- A-ssZz-X- hym-Jym-\w- am-{X-am-Wv- i-cn-sb-p- i-Tn-- i--c, ssP-\-_p--a-X-, aow-amw-k-a-Xw, Im-]m-en-I-a-Xw, im-Iv-tX-b-a-Xw, ssh-jv-W-h-a-Xw- Xp-S-n-A-t-l-n-sd- B-i-bs-Xn-cm-bp- a-X- ap-gp-h- A-Y-iq-\y--fm-sW-p- hm-Zn-n-cp-p-''(20)

    _psc A{IanXv apkvenwItfm?

    `mcXn apkvenwI htXmsSbmWv _pm \-in-n-sXv FmWv teJIs ASp Btcm]Ww. CuA-klnjvWpXbpsS _mn]{XamWs{X 2001 A^v-Km-\n--m\n \S _p {]Xnam [zwk\w.

    b-YmYn `mcXn {ZmhnUsc t]mse _p-a-X-n-sbpw Xmgvthcv AdpXv slh `cWm[nIm-cn-IfpwA-hv Xtzm]tZiw \Inb {io ics\-t]mep- Zm-i-\nImcpamWv. _umZi ]ntmen Hgnpsh]-iphn]m t]mebmsWmbncpp Ggmw \qmn Po-hn- Ipamcne` hnizknncpXv.

    _uZi\s XIm\mbn \nch[n kwhmZ G--sSppIbpw AXn ]cmPbsSphsc Xesh-p-I, \m-h-dppI t]mep IncmXamb hyhIfneqsS \mn \nv

    18. a\pkvarXn 8:271, 27219. {io -i--cm-Nm-cy-: hn-th-I-Nq-Vm-a-Wn- 5.5820. ]n.sI. tKm-]m-e-Ir-jv-W: tI-c-f-n-s kmw-kv-Im-cn-I-N-cn{Xw- ]p-dw- 3

  • 59

    am\-h-kvt\lw kXyk-am-hWw 59\n-jvImk\w sNpIbpambncpp Ah eyanncpXv. B-Z-icwKp lnwkmIamb Ccw {]hnIv ]p-d-sa cmjv{Sob\ofpw \S-nbncpp, Av ssl--h-X-bp-sS hm.

    AnIpe{Xnb\mbn m\mtcmlWw \Sn, _n. kn185- aucykm{amPynse _pcmPmhmbncp {_m-l]{XN{IhnbpsS ssk\nIta[mhn m\tv ISpIbdncmPmhns\ h[npIbpw cmPy`cWw Gs-SppIbpw sNbvX]p-jyman{X\mWv ]mSen]p{Xw apX imIme hscbp _p--hnlmcf{Xbpw XIpIf-Xv. AtimI ]Wn-I-gn-n 84000 _pkvXq] \innXpw Hcp _p`nphnsXe sImphcph\v \qdp kzW\mWb C\mambn{]-Jym]nXpw Ctlw Xsbmbncpp. ]na_wKmfnse Ku-UtZis ssl-h cmPmhmb iim\mWv Gsd ]pWy-sa-v hntijn-s t_m[nhrs \innXv. {imhkv-Xn-bn-se cmPm-hmb hn{IamZnXy\pw alncIpes\ ssih-`--cm--Pmhp-samw Ccn _paXNnpw aXm-\p-bm-bn-IpsaXnsc B{IaWw AgnphnhcmWv.

    am{Xa, i_cnaebSw Cv sslh ]ca]qX-sfvI-cp-Xp- ]e t{X--fpw _u tZhmebfm-bncppshvNcn{XtcJI-fp-cnv sXfnbn-m\m-hpw. CmcysfsbmwAhKWnv A v^Km\n-m\n \S GsXnepsamcp {]XnaX-Iens t]cn `mcXnse ]qapkvenwIsfsbmwhn-{Kl[zw-kIcmbn Nn{XoIcnp coXn Ncn{XtmSp sN-p- {Iqc-XbmWv.

    Ncn{XkvamcIsf Ipdnp bp\kvtImbpsS th-Uv sl-dnt-Pv sskn t]mepw Dsnnm A v^Km\n-m\nse_p{]XnaIsf XIXn Ncn{XkvamcI-tfmSp A-\m-ZchmsX hnizmkkzmX{yn\p taep- It-sam-p-a- lnpXz{]`rXnI Zin-sXXmWv Gsd ckIcw. bYm--Yn Xmen_m ` cWIqSns As \S]Sn hnizm-k-kw_ambncpnspw cmjv-{Sob eyfmWXn\v]nn hnsXpw kpXcmw hyambncpp. Av A-

  • 60

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw60^v-Km hntZiImcya{nbmbn-cp- ho AlZv apX-h-n- Cu \S]SnsXnscbp- hnai\tfmSp {]Xn-I-cn--Xv ""As\sbnepw A^vKm\nse knhnenbm A\p`-hn-psImncnp sISpXnI temIkaqlns {i-bn-stm...'' Fmbncpp. As AhcpsS HutZym-Kn-I sh_vsk-n {]knoIcn "{]XnaI NsmSp-p-tm-...' F teJ\n _manbm IppIfn \S Cu {]-Xn-am[zwk\neqsS ]oUnX A^vKm\n am[ya{i ]nSn-p-]nb IY hyambn hnhcnncpp.

    lnpaXnse Cuizck]w

    sslhhnizmk{]Imcw ssZhw GI\mWv Fpw \-iz-c--fmb krjvSnIfn CuizcssNX\yw Zinm km[ya-s-pap BZyteJ\nse ]cmaifmWv ic\mcm-b-Ws\ Gsd sNmSnnncnpXv. AXn\v sXfnhmbn \In-b thZkqfpw D]\njXv a{--fpw ZphymJym\w sNbv-X-Xm-sW-pw kt`mNnXambn ASnsbSpXmsW-p-am-Wv Atlw Btcm]np-Xv.

    hyXykvX Zi\ A\p[mh\w sNpIbpw Hcp]mSvA-hmchn`mK \ne\npIbpw sNp BZi-kw-ln-XIfpsS kapbamWv lnpaXw. Chscmw {]amWambnkzo-IcnpXmIs Htc {KfmWpXm-\pw. thZfnseH-tc tmIsf hymJym\np Xs-bmWv ASnm\]cambnsshcp-[y ]pep \ymbsshtijnIkmwJytbm-K-aoamwkthZmAssZzX Zi\sfmw `mcXn D-S-seSpXv. AXn\m Xs teJI Dcn AYnepwhymJym\nep-ap ]pcmW`mjy e`yamtbmw. A-Xp-sIm-v ItTm-]\njXn\v BZy teJI \Inb hymJym-\-sa-s\ a{_anmXmIpw? ZphymJym\amIpw?!

    ItTm]\njnse ZznXobhnbnse 22mw a{n Po-hm-mhns\ IpdnmWv N sNpsXpw; AX ]c-am--hmWv AhnsS {]Xn]mZyhnjbw Fpw hmZn-p- ]n-X-mcpv. AXpsImpXs D]cypkq-n\v teJIkzbw Hcp AYw NabvpIb sNbX-Xv. adnv {]kn hym-

  • 61

    am\-h-kvt\lw kXyk-am-hWw 61Jym\{Kamb D]\njXv Zo]vXn \Inb AYhpw hym-Jym-\-hpamWv AhnsS FSpp-tN-Xv. AXmhs sslh-tem-Iw \mfnXphsc AwKoIcnp-t]mcpXpw, a{ {]n]v-X-fmsWv hn[nsgbp-XmXpamWv. ItTm]\njnse a-{-kqv hymJym\t`Zfpsv {iocmaIrjvWaTw]p-dndnb arUm\ kzanbpsS ItTm]\njXv hymJym-\-n- hnhcnppapv.

    {]kvXpX a{n\v As\sbmcp AYw I]np \-ev-In-b hymJymXm t]mepw BZyteJ\n FSp-p-tN- ap tmIv icnbmb AYw XsbmWv \In-bn-cn-pXv. hnaiI Xs hnizmk-\pk-cnv thZskao]npIb; {]amW\pk-cnv BZ-is Nn--s-Sp-pIbmWv sNpsXn {]kvXpX tmIv FvAYhpw hymJym\fpw \evIpw? DZmlcWambn Cuim-hm-tkym]\njnse 12mw-tmI-n\v Un. {ioam \qXncn \-Inb AYw t\mpI:

    ""Aw Xax {]hnin tb kw`pXn ap]mktXXtXm `qb Ch tXXtam b D kw`p Xymw cXx''tb Akw`qXw D]mktX

    (Gh D]nbnm {]IrXnsb tkhnpp) tX A--w Xax{]hnin (Ah Iqcncpfns\ {]m]npp) tb D kw-`pXymw cXx (Nne kw`qXnbn (BZyambn D-hn {_--n- (lncWyK`n) X]ccmWv) tX XXx `qbx ChXax {]hnin (Ah AXnt\mfpw IqSpXembp CcpnsNv s]Spp)

    \izcfmb tZh]nXram\hmZnIsf D]mknph A-m-\amIp tLmcImcn ]Xnpp. Ahn-\min-bm-b ]cammhns\ Ipdnv anYym`nam\tmSv IqSn-bncnp-h-cp-w tLmcmImcn Xs ]Xnpp.(21)

    am{Xa Cuizc C{nbtKmNcf Fpw hn{Klm-cm-[-\v sslhZi\n bmsXmcp {]mamWnIXbpw IW-m-m IgnbpIbn Fpw kXymY {]Imin- aljn

    21. Un. {ioam \qXncn: D]\njv khkzw t]Pv 35

  • 62

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw62Zbm kckzXn hyambn hnhcnppv.

    ""tNmZyw: Cuizc \ncmImc\mWv. AXn\m [ym\nsIm-phcm km[ya. AXn\m hn{Klw IqSntb Ignbq.asmpw sNphm\mIpnsnepw hn{Kln\p apn sN-v ssIIqn Cuizcs\ kvacn-pIbpw \maw sNmpIbpw sN-pXnsemWv XctSv?

    Dcw:- Cuizc \ncmImc\pw khhym]nbpamWv. B Cu-izcs hn{Klw \nanmt\ km[ya. hn{Klns Z--i-\-am{Xbn CuizckvacWbpmIpsan Cuizc-s Ap-X-cN\bmb ]rYn, Pew, An, hmbp, h\hr- apXembAt\Iw hkvXpfpw Cu hIsbmw D `qan, ]h-X--- -Cu-izccNnXamb Cu almaqnIfn \nmWtm a\p-jy- hn{KlfpmpXvapXemb-h Im Cuiz-c-kv-a-cWbpmhpIbnt? Csn hn{Klw Im Cuiz-c-kv-acW hcpsav ]dbpXv Xopw anYybmWv. hn{Klw ap-n-en-mtm Cuizc-kvacW DmImXncnpXpsImva-\pjy GImX-bn sNv tamjWw hy`nNmcw apXembZp-jvIafn GsSm km[yXbpv. ChnsS Fs B-cpw ImWp-s tXm \nanw Ah A\Yw sN-m-Xn-cnn. Cs\ \nch[n Zqjy inemZn hn{KlfpsSB-cm[\bn \npmIpw. t\mq! inemhn{Klsf Bcm-[n-msX kZmkh hym]I\pw khmcymanbpw \ymb-Im-cn-bpamb ]cammhns\s Fpw \nd-h\msWvA-dnbpIbpw IcpXpIbpw sNp B Wam{Xt]mepwXm- Cuizc\n \nIncnpn-sdnv ZpjvIawsN-pXp t]mIs, a\n Nnn-pIt]mepan. a\kmhm-Nm IaWm Fsnepw No sNbvXm AcymanbpsS\ym-bn \nv in e`n-msX cs-Sp-I-bn-s--bm-dnbmw.''(22)

    {]mamWnIambn sslhZi\sf kao]n ]n-X--am- Fnt BZi\nKa\fmWv apIfn D-cn--Xv.CXns\sbmw AhKWnv Xm ]nSn apben\v apv sIm-s-

    22. kzman Zbm kckzXn: kXymY {]Imiw, XPpa: \tc{`qj, t]Pv 484,485

  • 63

    am\-h-kvt\lw kXyk-am-hWw 63 [mjvSyhpambn \Sph \tS kqNnn tLm-cm--Im-cnemWv sNsmSppIsbv Hmann-s. A-c-sam-cp \cIn \nv ktlmZc-D]kw-lmcn kqNn-n--t]m-seahm\pw im\pamb Cuizc cns Fv {]m-Ynp sImv \npp.

  • 64

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw64

    `mcXns ]mccywDXvIrw Xs]n.-hn i-c-\m-cm-b-W

    Fw.Fw AIv_dns teJ-\-n\v Rms\-gp-Xnb {]Xn-I-c-W-s hnainv h {]nwtdmkns teJ-\w, BZy- teJ-\-s ]cm-ainv Rm\p--bn Btcm-]-W- ]-]m-X--fm-sW-pw, Ak-ln-jvWp-X-bp--Xm-sW-p-amWv FSp-p-]-d-bp--Xv. Fm- Fs Btcm-]-W-sf hkvXp-Xm-]-c-ambn J-n-m {]nwtdm-kn\v km[n-n-n-.

    Cymsc hn`-Pn-m {_nojv Khsapw, aX-]-cn-h---\w \S-m {InkvXy anj-\-dn-Ifpw \S-nb \oN-ambH-cp \pW--Y-bmWv Bcy-m-[n-\n-thi knm-w. te-J-I- ]d-bp-p _n.kn. 2000-\pw _n.kn. 1500\pw CS-mWv Bcy-m C-y-bn-tev IpSn-tb-dn-b-sXv Icp-X-s-Sp-p- Fv. Bcy-\m-{I-a-Ws km[q-I-cn-m teJ-I D-cn EtKzZ a{-_n.kn. 4000\pw apt, Fgp-X-s- p-I-gn-n-cpp FmWv AXn-s\-Ip-dnv Kth-jWw \S-nb hnhn[ cmPy--fnse Ncn{XK-th-j-I-cpsS Is-. teJ-I ]d-bp-Xv sX-t\-jy-bn

  • 65

    `mcXns ]mccyw DXvIrw Xs 65\nv _n.kn. 2000\pw 1500\pw CSv ]pd-sv ]m-_n-se-n-b-h-cmWv Bcy-m-sc-mWv "s]mXp-th-bp A`n-{]mbw' F-m-Wv. \c-hw-i-im-kv{Xhpw Cu A`n-{]m-bs icn-sh-p--Xm-bm-Wv te-J-I- ]d-bp--Xv. Nne "\c-hwi'-imkv{X-Im-c-mA-ns\ ]d-n-p-m-hmw; Nne "Ncn-{X-Im-c-msc'tmse.sX-fn-h A`n-{]m-b-amWv Ahpw B[m-cw. a\p-jy Ipc-n-s ]cn-Wm-a-am-sWp ]d-Xpw Cu \c-hwiimkv{X-am-WvF-tmWw.

    EtKz-Z-kq---fn \nv teJ-I "Bcy-{Zm-hnU kwL--j-w' DZm-l-cnv ImWn-p-pv. Zkyp---{Zm-hn-U-sc-mWvte-J-Is hnh. AXp Xncp-p--Xn\v EtKz-Z-nse "bp-'- Hp ]cn-tim-[n-t--Xpv. _rl-Zm-c-Wy-tIm-]-\n-j-n- bm-hXvIy ]d-bpp, C{ Fm AKv\nbm-sW-v(1) EtKzZw C{-s\-p-dnv Cns\ ]d-bpp: ""cq]w cq-]-w {]Xn-cq-t]m -_p`qh'' -C{ ]e- cq-]--tfbpw Htckabw kzo-I-cn-pp(2), EtKzZw 10:21:11 Imc-Wm-m-hmb C{-\n aI-fm-b {]Ir-Xn -e-bn-p-tN-cp-sa-v ]d-bpp. 10:103:7 ]d-bpp""B- C{ taL--fn _e-tmsS {]th-in-p--h'' BWvF-v. 10:152:5 ]d-bpp ""tZzjn-p--hs a\-ns\ (tZmj-_p-nsb) \in-n-mepw'' Fv. 10:1:3:6 ""Pe- ]nSn-p-sh--h\pw (taLw) Ccp-m Np-s--h-\p-amb (kqcys\ ad- -ta-Lw) hr{Xs\ C{ tOZn--tm Pe- ]pd-p-hp'' F-mWv ]d-bp-Xv. Dj-p -I-gn-v shbn ]c-p--Xns\ ]-d-bp-Xv C-ns\-bmWv 4:30:8 ""kqcy-mm-hmb C{ Dj-n-s\ h[np'' FmWv. temI-ns Hcp `mK--s-n a-s-m-cn-Sv DZbw Dm-bn-sm-t-bn-cnpw 4:30:11 ]d-bpp""X-I hn-bn \nv Djv thsd Znn-tev HmSn-tmbn''F-v. CXn\v A\p-_--ambn ]d-bpp ""Djv Hcp Znhkw 30aplq-w AXn-{I-an-p-sav'' AXm-bXv 1 aplqw 2 \mgnI30 -aplqw 60 \mgn-I, 60 \mgnI 24 aWn-q-dm-Wv. Djv 24a-Wn-qdpw Dm-bn-sm-t-bn-cnpw. CXns\ KqVmY-ambnh-Wn--XmWv Dj-ns\ h[n--epw, Dj-ns HmSn-t-mpw.

    1. _rl-ZmcWytIm]\njv: 3:9:62. EtKzZw 6:47:18

  • 66

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw66tZh-mv ]tcm hmp-I-fmWv Cw. _rl-Zm-c-WytIm-]-\n-jpw C-ns\- ]-d-bp-p, thZ-hpw CXv ]d-bp-p-v. 10:104:9--""hr{Xs\ h[nv C{ Pe--fp-mn kzbw t]mjn-n-p-p-'' Fp ]d-bp-p. 10:113:4 ""C{ P\n DSs\ bp-e-y-s {]Xn kzi-n-b-dnv taL-s-n-fp'' FmWv.1:174:4 ""C{s i{Xp- taL--fmWv'' Fp ]d-bp-p.kz-tX-P-m-Ip Bbp[w N{Iw- I-Ws {]tbm-Kn-p-XvA-kp-c-P-b-n-\pw, Ccp- -I-m-\p-amWv Fv C{-s\-Ip-dn-v 1:130:9- ]d-bp-p. ""hr{Xs \K-c-sf \in-nv XSm-I-n-tev P-e-sf Xpd-p-hn--Xpw C{-\mWv'' Fv 1:174:2 ]d-bp-p.[p-\n, Npacn Fo Akp-c-msc C{ bp-n- "Dd-n-bm-Wv' sIm-Xv Fv 6:20:1 ]d-bp-p. ChnsS [p\n, Npacn F-n-h Ae-k-X-bpw, tcmKhpw Hs--s-bm-Wv. C-s\-bmWvE-tKz-Z-n C{-t-bpw Zkyp--fp-tSbpw bphpw hg-p-sam-s. {]]--nse ]e-]e {]Xn-`m-k-sf hW-\-I-fn-eqsS]-tcm--ambn [z\n-n-p--Xn-\m-Wv, Akp-c, bpw, Zkyp,A-dp, h[w, {]l-cw, _ew Fsms ]d-bp--Xv. Cuhm-p-I-sfm-s-sb-Spv Bcy {ZmhnU kwL- \-sf \ymbo-I-cn-p X]-c-I-n-I-fpsS ]nm-se-bm-h-cpXv {]nwtdm-kn-t bm{X Fp Rm hn\o-X-ambn ]d-b-s. thZ-sf AXn-sXe-nepw ey-nepw \np-thWw hymJym-\n-m Fp-Iq-Sn ]d-b-s. "taml-Zmtcm' acn--h-cpsS taSm-hs' hntcm[-an-. Fm Bcy-mcmWv AXv Fv Fns\ ]d-bpw.

    Bcy-m cmPy-sf A{I-anv Iog-Sn B[n]Xyw m]n-p--h-c F-Xn\v {iocm-as\ Rm DZm-l-cn-n-cp-p. B{io-cm-a-s\--s\-bmWv Xs Bcy-m-cpsS "A{Ia'kz`m-hs\ym-bo-I-cn-m {]n-wtdmkpw DZm-l-c-W-am-p-Xv. iq-W-J-bpsS AwKw tOZn--Xpw, koXm-]-lm-hmb cmh-Ws\ h[n--Xpw Zphym-Jym\w sNbvXv, cmhWs\bpw iq-W-J-sbbpwC-c-bp-sSbpw {iocm-as\ th-m-c-tbpw m-\-mWv te-J-I- hnh-cn-p--Xv. Akpc"cmP-Ip-amcn'sbv teJ-I kwt_m-[\ sNbvX iq-WJ `-m-hv hnZyp--ls ac-W-tijwIm-am--bmbn h\-n-eqsS CW-sb-tSn \S-p-tm-gmWv

  • 67

    `mcXns ]mccyw DXvIrw Xs 67cma-e-va-m-tcbpw koX-tbbpw ImWm CS-h-cp-Xv. XsIm-a-]m-c-hiyw \nanw \ne--bm-bn, cma-t\mSpw eva-W-t\m-Spw amdn-amdn {]W-bm-`yY\ \S-n HSp-hn \ncm-i-bmbntIm-]w hv koXsb ` n-m ` oI-c-cq]w {]m]n--tm-gmWve-va-W Ahsf AwK-tZw hcpn HmSnp hn-Xv. ktlm-Z-cnsb t{Zmln--Xn {]Xn-tj-[n-mWv cmh-W koX-sb A]-l-cn--sX-mWv te-J-Is hnh-c-Ww, Fm iq-WI hnh-cn koX-bpsS ku-cys Adnv tamln-X-\m-bmWv cmh-W- koXsb A]-l-cn--Xv. teJ-I ]d-bpp cmh-W koX-sb- sXm -Xp-t]m-ep-an Fn- pw cmh-Ws\ cma {Iqc-ambn h-[np Fv. cmh-W koXsb sXmSm-Xn-cp-Xv teJ-I [z\n-n--t]mse cmh-Ws \-sIm-sm-p-a-, adnv koX-bpsS]m-Xn-{h-Xy-i-n-bm-epw, Ipt_-cs ]p{X-h-[phpw cmh-W\v kv-\p-j-bp-amb A]vk-c-ns\ cmh-W Ib-dn-n-Sn--tm cmh-W-\v Ah \evInb im]-hp-ap--XmWv (A\p-hmZanmsX ]c-kv{Xosb kv]in-m cmh-W\v acWw ` hn-p-sa-mWv Ah-fpsS im-]w) cmh-W koXsb hnsm-gn--Xn\v ImcWw. ]n-s- cma koXsb A]-l-cn--Xn-\m-e cmh-W-t\mSv bpwsN-bvX-Xv, adnv koXsb hnp-X-cp-hm thn ]e-X-hW ZqX-msc Ab-npw cmh-W AXn\p Xm-dm-hm--Xn-\m-emWvbp--ap-m-bXpw cmh-W h[n--s- Xpw. te-J-I- {Iqcambncm-h-W-s\ -h-[np FmWv ]d-bp--Xv. Cu {IqcX A{Iaw Im-n-b-hs\ h[n--Xn-\m-emtWm? ""\n-\n-e-bn Ahsc \mw C-Sn-o-sImv \in-np'' ""Ip-I hjnv H-t\cw sImv h-[np'' ""{]fbw sNbvXv h[np'' Fsmw Am-lp- Xs am-\n-m--hsc inn- IY \_n-tbmSv Bhnv ]d-bp-p-v. B k-aq-l--fn K`n-Wn-I-fpw, ape-Ip-Sn-p Ipp--fpw, hr-Ifpw Fmw AS-n-bn- n-s. Ahsc Xo I-n--pw, B-Im-i-p-\nv Is-dn-pw, sh-n apnbpw Hs- sIm-p-Xv Ah-tcmSv AanX hmeyw aqe-amtWm? apl-Zv \_n-bp--n i{Xp--h[w sNbvXXv Ah-tcm-Sp hm-eyw -sIm-m-tWm? koXm-]-l-mhpw [a-hn-tcm-[nbpw Bb cmh-W--s\ h[n {iocm-a e-bn\nv koXsb AmsX asmpw]cn-{K-ln-n- n-; ]ns em-\n-hm-kn-I-fpsS a\-pw. `mc-Xo-b-

  • 68

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw68Ct-hsc asmcp cm{-sbpw B{I-anv B[n-]Xyw m]n-n-n, Ctm-fw.

    {Zmhn-Us then-p-dv hcm Bcy\v tbmKy-X-bn-s-mWva-sm-cm-t-]w. AXv kXy-amWv Imc-Ww {Zmhn-U-\-S--ap--h-\mWv Bcy FXv. Atm Xs Hgnp \nn {Zmhn-U-\vthen-sI-m Ign-bn--tm. NqXp-I-fn- B-\miw- hcp-p-sa--Xn\v EtKz-Z-n Hcp kqw -X-s-bp-v. aZy-]m-\hpwssh-Zn-I hne-n-bn- p-v. tkma-s-bmWv aZywsImv hnhn-p--sX-n AXv Ahm-kvX-h-amWv. tkmaw a[p-c-ap-XpwA-cn, Fv apX-em-bh hdp-p-s]m-Snv tN-Xp-amb Huj-[-k-am-\-amb b-{Z-hy-am-Wv. An-bn-em-WXv An-pI. A-Xp Ie-[-qaw A-co--s hna-eo-I-cn-p-p. tcmKm-Wp--sf AI-p-p. taL--tfbpw apw krn-p-p. (Xm]w aqewA-co--hm-bp-hn Ne-\-ap-mn taL-sf Cf-n-hn-Sp-p).An-a-cp-p--tfbpw taL--tfbpw krn-p--h-\mbn thZ--fn FmSpw hWn-p-p-v. thZ--fn CXns\ ]tcm--am-bmWv hWn-p-Xv. ImcWw ""]tcm--{]n-bm-lntZhm''F-v _rlZmcWy-tIm-]-\n-jpw thZ-hpw ]d-bp-p.

    C\n Rm NmXp-hWyhyh-sb \ymbo-I-cnv Fgp-Xn-b-Xn- {_m-Ws Ah-sb ]d-Xv Iv teJ-Is IvC-ud-\-Wn--Xmbn ]d-bpp. AXp icn-bm-sWv IcpXmw.Im-cWw a\-pkvar-Xn-bnse 1:91mas a{-am-b,

    ""GI-ta-thXp iq{Z-ky -{]`px Ia-k-am-Zn-iGtXj tah-hWm\mw ip{iqj a\-kq-bbm'' F a{-

    n- ""iq{Z ap aqp-hW-pw Akqb IqSmsX tkh-sN--W-sav {]`p, AXm-bXv Cuiz-c \n-bn-n-cn-pp''F-Xn {]nwtdm-kns Iv Cud-\-Wn--Xmhmw. adnv iq-{Z\v "{_mW ]mZ-tk-hbpw' Fs-gp-Xn-m-Wp-p. a{-n-en-m-Xv ImWp--h-\mWv In CudsIn-b-h Fp-tXm-p-p. Ccp- n-tev am{Xw t\mmsX CSv kXy-tbpwI-angnv t\mpI; Inse Cu-tcmKw amdn-tm-hpw. {_m--W iq{Zs\ F{]-Imcw ]men--W-sav 4:183 Cns\]-d-bpp: ""kzw Omb-bmbn IcpXn iq{Zs ]ngsb {_m-

  • 69

    `mcXns ]mccyw DXvIrw Xs 69W- an--W-sav.'' hntZz-j-tm-Sp-IqSn, hnain-m-\mbnam-{Xw hXpw Xnc-bp--hv Hcp hy-h-n-Xn-bp-sS, ]c-kv]ckv-t\l-n-e-[n-jvTn-X-ambn kaq-l-nse D-c-hm-Zn--ns]-p-sh- D-smv kwh-Zn-m Hcn-epw km[n-n-.

    ""iq{Zt\m {_m-Wt\m X-fpsS Ihyw XymK-_p-n-tbm-sS-bmWv \S-n-em-t--Xv'' Fv 4:184 a\p ]d-bpp.""a-{m-Zn-I-fn-eqsS {_m-W [\w km-Zn--cp-sXv'' 7:134a-\p ]d-bpp. ""thZ- ]n-Wn-In-S-m cmPyw \in-p-sa-v'' ]d-Xn \nv ]n-Wn-In-S-p-hm X Zmcn{Zyw {_m-W-p--Xmbn a\-n-em-mw. AXm-bXv {_m--W [\wk-m-Zn--cp-Xv, cmPmhm-Is {_m-W- ]n-Wn- In-S-msXk-wc-n-pIbpw thWw. C{]-Imcw m\-\n-jvT\pw [a-\n-jvT\pw Bb {_m-Ws\ iq{Z-s\- Bcp tkhn-mepwD-X-amb \ne-bn tkhn-p--hs kwkvIm-chpw a\pwDb {]m]npw. sXp sNbvX-hv in- hn-[n-p-tmA-Xv iq{Z-]oU-\-am-hn; adnpw. {_m-W Bc-Wy-I--fn-em-Wv Ign-p-h-cm-dp--Xv. [a-\n--jvT-\mb {_m-W\v kaXzwA-[nIw Ds-p-Xv Ahm-kvX-h-amWv. {_m-W\pw sXp-sN-bvXm {`v apX-em-b-h-bp-v. IpSp-a -ap-dn-p-Xv {_m-W-s\ kw_-nv ITn-\-amb in-bm-Wv, ac-W-amWv AXn-t\-m- sNdnb in. iq{Z\v Iqen Gs-Sp-n-bn-pv FvR-m ]d-Xv F-ns\-bmWv Zphym-Jym-\-am-Ip--Xv? iq{ZBim-cn-Wn apX-em-bh sN-W-sav ]d-bp--Xn FmWpsXv? Bim-cn--Wn-bn {]nwtdmkv Fn-\mWo \nIr-X Im-Wp--Xv. ssIsm-gn-en te-J-I- \nIr-X Zin-p--Xp-sIm-mWv AXp sNp iq{Zm-Zn-I ]oUn-X-scp ]d-bp--Xv. hntZzjw aqv aqv ""iq{Z\v [\w km-Zn-m t]mepw A-l-X-bn'' Fv {]nwtdmkv ]d-bp-p. [\w km-Zn--em-h-cp-Xv kaq-l-ns eyw Fp Icp-Xnbpw Ae-k-m-cm-bn-tm-h-cpXv Fp Icp-Xn-bp-am-Wv, 10:129 iq{Z-t\mSpw 4:184{_m-W-t\mSpw [\w Bh-iy-n- Ihnv tiJ-cn--cp-sX--v a\p D]-tZ-in-p--Xv. {]nwtdmkv Atm-tgpw AXns\ h-tc-WyhK-ns PnXz IpSn-bm k{-Zm-b-sam-s-bmbn

  • 70

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw70amn-a-dn-p. {]nwtdmkv ]d-bp--t]mse At\-I-\q-mv Imew{_m-W-th-j-[m-cn-I-fmbn A`n-am-\nv thZ-sf kz-am-n-shpw apw, thZ \ntZ-i--sfbpw thZ-[a--tfbpw Imn-dn ChnsS ap hn`m-K-msc ]oUn-n-n- Fsmpw Rm]d-bp-n-. Xn-Isfsbmw thZ-ns shfn--nXsC-hn-Sps Kpcp--m-cpw BNm-cy-m-cpw FXnbpw ` qcn-` mKwX-nbpw Cm--Xm-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-p-v. Ctmgpw AXn-\mbn\nc-cw ]cn-{i-an-bpw sNp-p-v. Ccw Xn-I hcp--Xv, kaq-l-ns \nb-{-Ww t`mK-X]-c-cmb hyn-IssI-Imcyw sNp-tmgpw thZ-[-a--sf-bpw XymK-_p-n-tbbpwad-p--Xp-sIm-p-am-Wv.

    NmXp-hWys \ymbo-I-cn-m Rm Ckvem-anse ASn-a-hy-h-sb Iqp-]n-Snp Fm-Wv te-J-I- ]d-bp--Xv. NmXp-hWy-hy--h kaq-l-ns D-c-hm-Zn--sf ]c-kv]cw]p-sh-p D-X-amb Hcp Xe-am-Wv. AsX-ns\-bmWv HcpIq-w a\p-jysc hm-\pw, hmp-hm-\pw, Ah-s kv{XoIsfhy-`n-N-cn-n-p-hm\pw hne-n-m ASn-a-hy-h--bpsS Xe-n-tev Xmgp-I?

    "PmXn-ta-Xm-hnXz--- ns ]qWq [cnv Jpdm-\n \yq\-X-I- Xnc-bph\m'bn te-J-I-- Fs ]d-bp-p. Rm ]d--Xv Jpdm-\n ASn-a-kv{Xosb hy`n-N-cn-n--h\v Amlpbm-sXmcp in-bpw, ASn-a-kv{Xosb hy`n-N-cn-n-p--Xn\v hn-e-pw Gs-Sp-n-bn- n Fm-Wv. ASn-a-kv{Xosb Xm s]mdp-p-sIm-m-sav kam-iz-kn-n- -am-{X-amWv Amlp sN-bv-X-Xv. AXm-bXv DS-av XpSpw Cw-t]mse Ahsf hy`n-N-cn-n-m-sapw Atm-sgmw Amlp s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-tm-fm-sapw kmcw.

    Jpdm-\n ASn-a-kv{Xosb hy`n-N-cn-n--h-\pw, hy`n-N-cn-n-p---Xn\pw hne-ts-Sp-m-Xv Hcp \yq\-X-bmbn {]nw-tdm-kvIcp-Xp-p-s-n \-Imcyw Xs-bmWv. ]t AXv Nqn-m-nb Rm "]qW-q [cn'h\m-bn-v, {]n-wtdmkv [cn-p-h-im-bXv Ahm-kvX-h-am-Wv. ASn-a-hy-h-- C-m-Xmm Jpdm-\n Nne hyh--I {]nwtdmkv Nqn-m- n-bXv hynI-v

  • 71

    `mcXns ]mccyw DXvIrw Xs 71thW-sa-n sNm-sa Hcp \ntiw am{X-am-Wv. Hcp ka-b-]-cn-[n-p-n apgp-h ASn-a-I-tfbpw tamNn-n-m A-Xn-se- \ntZi- ]cym-]vX-a-. ^e-n AXp-sImv bm-sXm-cp KpWhpw C Fp-am{Xw. AXn-\m-emWv Ign Nne\q-m-ph-tcbpw Ckvem-an ASna hyh-- \n-e-\n--Xv. hn-hm-lw Ign--epw, apw hyn-bpsS HuZm-cy-am-Wv, tamN-\-{ZhywA-Sn-a -ti-J-cn--W-sa-Xpw AXn-\-\p-h-Zn--tWm-sbXpw DS-a-bpsS Xocp-am-\-n-\-\p-k-cn-n-cn-pw. ASnakv{Xo-bn DS-avkm-\-ap-m-bm Ah kzX-{-bmhpw FXpw Hcp s]m-w- am-{X-amWv ImcWw A-s\-sb-n H--e-ap-d- sIm-p-X-s ASn-aw Ah-km-\n-t--Xm-bn-cp-p. ASn-a-kv{Xosbhn-m-sa-n-cns K`n-Wn-bmb ASn-asb DS-av hnm-a-tm. hmp--hs km-\-a-m--Xn-\m Ah {]k-hn-m-epw kzmX-{y-an-. C\n ASn-a-kv{Xosb hy`n-N-cn-nv [\w k--m-Zn-m-sa-n-cns X\n-p-mb km-\w, DS-a- \ntj-[n-m, Ah-sX-n-s\ sXfn-bn-m-\m-hpw? A-Xm-bXv Cuh-I -\n-b-a--sfmw ta\n-]-d-bm am{Xw sImmw.

    C\n thZ-n, iq{Z\v thZw ]Tn-m imk-\-bp--Xmbnhy--am-m Rm bPpth-Z-nse 26m-as A[ym-b-n-se 2mas tmIw D-cn-n-cp-p. Fs hmZs Jn-m-- thn {]nwtdmkv "m\m-\ kc-kzXn kzman-I-fpsS' {_-kq{X `mjy-s D-cn--Xm-bn-p. Atlw D-cn-p-Xv"Pm-Xn-iq-{Zv thZm-[n-Im-cs \ntj-[n-n-cn-pp {ipXn-kvar-Xn-I' FmWv Fm "CXv PmXn-iq-{Z-s\-bmWv hnh-n--X-v F-Xn\v sXfn-hn' FmWv AXnse Ah-km-\-hm-Iy-am-bn kzman-I ]d-bp--Xv. am{X-a ChnsS Rm iq{Z\v thZm-[n-Im-c-ap--Xmbn D-cn-Xv kwln-X-bn-\n-mWv. kvarXn-Ikwln-X-bn-\nv hyXy-kvX-ambn ]d-m kvar-Xn-hm-Iy-Akm-[p-hmIp-w. Imc-Ww kwln-X-bvmWv {]am-W-ap--Xv. kv-ar-Xn-I hyn-\n-jvT--fm-Wv. AXv Ime-L- --\p-k-cnvam-dpw. AXp-sIm-mWv ]e -]e kvarXn-I \ne-hn-ep--Xv. th-Z-sf {]am-W-amn Zbm-\ kc-kz-Xn-Ifpw apw iq{Zs th-Z-]--T-\-n-\p AlX hy-am-n-bn-p-v. ]nmev

  • 72

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw72A[an-I-fm-bn- p Bfp-I thZ-sf iq{Z\v \ntj-[n--Xn\vthZ- -D-c-hm-Zn-I-f-.

    ItTm-]-\n-j-nse ZznXo-b-h-n-bnse 22mas a{w A-Iv-_- sXmbn hymJym-\n-s-v Rm Nqn-m- n-bn-cp-p. F-m- te-J-I- AXns\ \ymbo-I-cn-p-Xv B a{s kw_-n-v A`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k-ap-s-m-Wv. AXns hymJym-\-n-- Pohm-mthm ]c-am-mthm F-Xn\v Atlw "]c-am-m-hns\'s-bmWv hnh-n-p--Xv. Rm ]d--Xv, AIv_B ]c-am-m-hns kz`m-hs X\nv C-ap coXn-bnhym-Jym-\np Fpw, AXv a{nse A\z-bmY-n\v hn]-co-X-hpw, A_--P-Un-e-hp-am-bn-m-sW-p-amW.v "Aicocw ico-tcjvT' "A\-h-tjvT Ah-nXw' F-Xns A\zbw "A\-h-tjvT ico-tcjvT' FmWv. AXm-bXv A\-h---fmbA-s-n \iz-c--fmb ico-c--fn Fm-WYw. ]noSvh-cp-Xv "almw AK-cocw hn`pw' FmWv. "al-m-b-h\pwi-co-c-a-m--h\pw hn`q-hpamb-h\pw' Bb ]c-am-m-hmWv \iz-c--fmb ico-c--fn Ah-n-X-am-bn-cn-p--Xv. AIv_d-Xn\v]c-am-m-hns\ "An-c-\mbpw' ico-c-ap-s-nepw hntZ-l-\m-bp-w' ]d-bpp. ]c-kv]-c-hn-cp--amb hmp-I-fmWv CXv. ]c-am-m-hv "An-c-\mhp'sX--ns\-bmWv? ChnsS Poh-i-co-c-s-bmWv a{-n An-c-sap ]d-bp-Xv ]ns "ico-c-ap-s-nepw hntZ-l-s\p' ]d-bpp Fm-Wv AIv_ ]d-bp--Xv. AXm-bXv "ico-c-ap--h\pw hntZ-l-\p-amWv' ]c-am-mhvFmWv. Fsm-c-kw-_--amWXv! ico-c-ap--h F-ns\-bmWv hntZ-l-\m-hp-Xv, As-n ico-c-an-m--h-\m-hp--Xv. CuhI sshcp-[y--fmWv Rm Nqn-m-Wn-Xv. CXns\{]nw-tdm-kn\pw Jn-m Ign-n-n-. `mkvI-c-\m-b-cpsSD-]-\n-jZv Zo]vXn-bn {]n-]vX-ap a{--fp-sv Rm\pw]-d-n-n-. {]n-]vX-sa- hymJym\w sXs-mWv Rm]-d--Xv. C\n AIv_dns hymJym-\s \ymbo-I-cn-m,te-J-I-, Cuim-hm-ky-nse 12m-as a{w Dcnv, {]am-W-\p-k-cnv CXn\v Rms\p hymJym\w \evIpw F-m-Wv tNmZn-p-Xv. AXn-s\-\np ]d-bm-\p-f-fXv 12m-as

  • 73

    `mcXns ]mccyw DXvIrw Xs 73tmIw am{X-a Cuimh-tkym-]-\n-j-n-epXv Fm-Wv. ]c-kv-]-c-]q-c-I--fmb 18 a{--fpv Cuim-hm-ky-n AXn6m-as a{w t\mpI. AXn ]d-bpp:

    ""bkvXp- km-Wn -`q-Xm\n B-t\y-hm-\p ]iyXnk-`q-tX-jvTb-mm\w XtXm-\- hn-Pp- Kp]vk-tX''

    ""Bm-hn Fm- ` q-X--tf-bpw, Fm- ` q-X--fnepw Bm-hn-t\-bpw, ImWp--h Hn-t\bpw \nn-p-n''(3) FYw,k-N-cm-N-c--fnepw Cu-iz-cs\ Zin-Ww F-Yw. CX-dn-bm--hs Ah--bmWv te-J-I- D-cn 12mw a{-n-ep-Xv. ""Aw Xax {]hnin'' F-Xv. kz-Ks {]XnCuiz-cs\ D]m-kn-p--h Cuiz-c-s\-b kzK-s-bmWvIman-p--Xv. Cuiz-cs\ Hcp-h Iman-m ]ns Ah\v kzK-nse t`mK--fn bmsXmcp Imw-bpw Dm-hn-. lnc-Wy-K`s\ kzK-n-\m-bn- D]m-kn-t--Xv. Cuiz-c {]Im-i-amWv kz-Kw Xp-hpw. hn{K-lm-cm-[-Ipw CXp-_m-[-I-am-Wv. Ima-\-tbm-sS-b Bcm-[-\ -\-S-t--Xv; ka-W-tm-sS-bmWv hn{K-l-n-eqsS Cuiz-cs\ Bcm-[n-t--Xv. hn{KlwF-Xv, thZ--fn Cuiz-cs hn`q--Xn-Isf ]n -hWn--Xns\_nw_-h-cn cq]-am-Wv. NXp`pP-\mb hnjvWp-hn-{Klwt\mpI, kpZi-\-N-{I-]m-Wn-bmWv `K-hm. CXv EtKz-Z-nse 1:156:6 ]d-bp ]c-am-m-hmb hnjvWp-hns"knwt_m-fnIv dn{]-k-tj'\mWv. AhnsS ]d-bp-p "96 Imem-h-b--fp kwh--c-N-{Is hnjvWp-`-K-hm Npgn Fdn-bpp' Fv. AXm-bXv "kpZi\ N{Iw' F-Xv Ime-N-{I-amWv. kpZi\w FXv Imes \hw \nb-{n-p-Xnt\-bpw Adn-bp-Xn-t\-bp-am-Wv. alm-hnjvWp Akp-c-m-sc-sbmw h[n-pXv N{Im-bp-[-m-em-Wv. CXv Ime-N{IwXncn-bp-tm Xn-I Xntcm-` -hn-p--Xns\ Imhym--I-ambnhWn-p--Xm-Wv. Hcp In kpZi-\w, at In iwJv,CXv "Hmw'Imc -[z-\n-bm-Wv. "Hmw' FXv k-m-\-tbpwkqNn-n-p--Xm-Wv. ASp-Xv "Iutam-ZIn' F KZ-bm-Wv. F-m-h-tcbpw B\-n-n-pXmWv Cuiz-cs imk-\m-[n-Imcw

    3. Cuim-hm-tkym]\njv- 6

  • 74

    lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw74Fv CXv kqNn-n-p-p. C\n-sbm-cp- I-n ]-am-Wv. CXvkr-nsb kqNn-n-p-p, B krn-bpsS at\m-lm-cnX kqNn-n-pp. {_mhpw Adn-hns tZhX kc-kz-Xnbpw ]-n-em-Wv hkn-p-s-Xv- thZw ]d-bp-p-. hn{K-l-sa-Xv Bi-b--tf-bpw Xz--tfbpw Bhm-lnp cq]-s-Sp-nb hmp-I- X-s-bm-Wv. Fm t`mK-Im-a-\-bn-m--h-\p- am-{Xta D]m-k-\-sImv ]qW-^ew e`nq Fp-am-{Xw. kzK-t`m-K--fn- a\p shp-tm Cuiz-c\v B a-\-n Hcp ]p-sh-- \S-p-p. Hcp kq^n IhnX Cns\ ]d-bp-p "t{]an-tbm-Sv t{]an-I, \o BcmsW tNmZy-n\v \o X-s-bmWv Fp--cw \In-b-tm-gmWv t{]an-I hmXn Xpd-p-sIm-Sp--sX-v.' AXn-\p-apv t{]an ]d-Xv "CXp Rm\mWv' Fm-Wv.A-hnsS Zzzw hp. Xmthsd t{]anI th-sd Fp-hp, hm-Xn- Xpd--s-n-. Fm Xn t{]anI am{X-ta-bpqF- \ne -h--tm cpw Hmbn CXmWv bYmYamb G-I-Xzw. Imap-In-bn a\p \nd-bp am{X-bn Ah Xn-em-bn. GXp- h-kv-Xphpw CXp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. Cuiz-c-\nam{Xw a\--n--Ww. AXn-s\m-t- h-gn-bpq. Im-Wp--Xp ap-gp-hCu-iz-cs\p I-cp-Xp-I. Fn- am{Xta Cuiz-cs hmXn Xp-d-p-bpq. hn{Klw D]m-[n-am-{Xw, hn{Klw DS-p-t]m-bmX-s Cuiz-c DS--Xmbn ` hnNm-cn-p-n-. AXns-m\v thsd hn{Klw sImp-hbvpw. hn{K-l-s-bCu-iz-c-\mbn Icp-Xp--Xv; hn{K-l-n _nw_-I-ev]\ sNbvXCu-izchn`q-Xn-bmWv hn{Klw Zin-p `s a\-n\n-d-p-\n-evp--Xv. AhnsS Cuiz-cs\ t`mK-h-kvXp--fp-ambnb-msX