COLONIAL CITY- DELHI

HISTORY OF DELHIDELHI IS A CAPITAL OF MODERN INDIA.IT HAS BEEN A CAPITAL FOR MORE THAN A 1,000 YEARS.AS MANY AS 14 CAPITAL CITIES WERE FOUNDED IN A SMALL AREA OF ABOUT 60 SQ MILES ON THE LEFT BANK OF THE RIVER JAMUNA.THE MOST SPUNDID CAPITAL OF ALL WAS BUILT BY SHAH JAHAN. SHAHJAHANABAD WAS BEGUN IN 1639 AND CONSISTED OF A FORT PALACES COMPLEX AND THE CITY ADJOINING IT.TO ITS WEST LAY THE WALLED CITY WITH 14 GATES.THE MAIN STREETS WERE CHANDNI CHOWK AND FAIZ BAZAR.

A CANAL RAN DOWN THE CENTRE OF CHANDNI CHOWK WITH DENSELY PACKED MOHALLAS AND SEVERAL DOZEN BAZAARS AND JAMA MASJID THAT WAS LARGEST MOSQUE IN INDIA.

DELHI DURING SHAH JAHAN’S TIME WAS ALSO AN IMPORTANT CENTRE OF SUFI CULTURE.

SOCIAL ASPECTS IN OLD DELHI

THERE WERE SHARP DIVISION BETWEEN RICH AND POOR. THE COLOURFUL WORLD OF POETRY AND DANCE WAS USUALLY ENJOYED ONLY BY MEN .HAVELI OR MANSIONS WERE INTERSPERSED WITH THE FAR MORE NUMEROUS MUD HOUSES OF THE POOR.

THE DECLINE OF HAVELIS THE MUGHAL ARISTOCRACY IN THE

SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURY LIVED IN GRAND MANSIONS CALLED HAVELIS.

MANY OF THE MUGHAL AMEERS WERE UNABLE TO MAINTAIN HAVELIS AND THEREFORE THEY BEGAN TO BE SUBDIVIDED AND SOLD.

SOME HAVELIS WERE TAKEN OVER BY MERCHENTILE CLASS BUT MANY FELL INTO DECAY AND DISUSE.

EXAMPLE IS QAMR-AL-DIN KHAN’S HAVELI.

THE MAKING OF NEW DELHI IN 1803,THE BIRTISH GAINED CONTROL

OF DELHI AFTER DEFEATING THE MARATHAS

THE MUGHAL EMPEROR WAS ALLOWED TO CONTINUE LIVING IN THE PALACE COMPLEX IN THE RED FORT.

THE MODERN CITY AS WE KNOW TODAY’s DEVELOPED ONLY AFTER 1911 WHEN DELHI BECOME THE CAPITAL OF BRITISH INDIA.

THE BRITISH WANTED DELHI TO FORGET ITS MUGHAL PAST.THE AREA AROUND THE FORT WAS COMPLETELY CLEARED OF GARDENS,PARIVILLOUS AND MOSQUES.NO WORSHIP WAS ALLOWED IN THE JAMA MASJID FOR 5 YEARS.IN THE 1870S,THE WESTERN WALLS OF SHAHJAHANABAD WERE BROKEN TO ESTABLISH THE RAILWAY AND TO ALLOW THE CITY TO EXPAND BEYONDS THE WALLS.THE DELHI COLLEGE WAS TURNED INTO A SCHOOL AND SHUT DOWN IN 1877.

CONSEQUECES OF COLONIAL RULE

STRUCTURE OF NEW DELHI

NEW DELHI WAS CONSTRUCTED AS A 10 SQ MILES CITY ON RAISIN A HILLS,SOUTH OF THE EXISTING CITY.TWO ARCHITECTURE ,EDWARD LUTYENS AND HERBERT BAKER,WERE CALLED ON TO DESIGN NEW DELHI AND ITS BUILDINGS.THE NEW BUILDINGS HAD TO ASSET BRITISH IMPORTANCE; THAT IS WHY THE ARCHITECTURE MADE SURE THAT THE VICEROUY’S PALACE WAS HIGHER THAN SHAH JAHAN’S JAMA MASJID.

•THE GOVERNMENT COMPLEX IN NEW DELHI CONSISTED OF A TWO-MILE AVENUE , KINGSWAY(NOW RAJPATH) THAT LED TO THE VICEROY’S PALACE (NOW RASHTRAPATI BHAWAN) WITH THE SECRETERIAT BUILDING ON EITHER SIDES OF THE AVENUE.•THE FEATURES WERE IN CLASSICAL GREECE STYLE.

INFRASTRUCTURE OF NEW DELHI NEW DELHI TOOK NEARLY 20 YEARS TO BUILD. IN NEW DELHI THERE WERE TO BE BROAD, STRAIGHT

STREETS LINED WITH SPRAWLING MANSIONS SET IN THE MIDDLE OF LARGE COMPOUNDS.

THE ARCHITECT WANTED NEW DELHI TO REPRESENT A SENSE OF LAW AND ORDER, IN CONTRAST TO THE CHAOS OF OLD DELHI.

THE NEW CITY ALSO HAD TO BE A CLEAN AND HEALTHY SPACE.

NEW DELHI HAD TO HAVE BETTER WATER SUPPLY,SEWAGE DESPOSE AND DRANING FACILITIES THAN THE OLD CITY.

LIFE AT THE TIME OF PARTITION•AT THE TIME OF PARTITION DELHI BECAME A CITY OF REFUGEES. •NEARLY 500,000 PEOPLE WERE ADDED TO DELHI’S POPULATION.•THEY STAYED IN CAMPS,SCHOOLS,MILITARY BARACKS AND GARDEN,HOPING TO BUILD NEW HOMES.•NEW COLONIES SUCH AS LAJPAT NAGAR AND TILAK NAGAR CAME UP AT THIS TIME.•AN URBAN CULTURE LARGELY BASED ON URDU WAS OVERSHADOWED BY NEW TASTE AND SENSIBILITIES.

PLACES OF DELHI SURAJKUNDINDRAPRASTHALALKOTSIRITUGHLAQABADJAHANPANAHDINPANAHFIROZABADSHAHJAHANABADNEW DELHI

MONUMENTS OF DELHI DELHI CONSISTS OF THREE WORLD HERITAGE

SITES 174 NATIONAL PROTECTED MONUMENTS & OVER HUNDREDS OF STATE PROTECTED MONUMENTS & SEVERAL UNPROTECTED & LESSER KNOWN MONUMENTS WHILE THE GOVT. AGENCIES & SEVERAL NGOs DO THEIR PART IN RESTORING THESE FORGOTTEN MASTER PIECES OF ARCHITECTURE TO THEIR ORIGINAL GLORY.

MONUMENTS OF DELHI IS NOT JUST ABOUT FEW DOZEN OLD BUILDING ,IT IS ABOUT SEVERAL ANCIENT MOSQUES , BAOLIS, HAVELIS , WALLS,GATEWAY ,FORTS ,GARDEN & ROADS, DECORATING DELHI , THE CAPITAL OF INDIA.

JAMA MASJID LOTUS TEMPLE

RED FORT INDIA GATE

QUTAB MINAR

HUMAYUN’S TOMB

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