huawei wimax overview

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

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www.huawei.com

Overview of WiMAX

CDMA & WiMAX TSD


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WiMAX is one kind of wireless broadband

access technology. Understanding the basic

concept and development is helpful to apply

WiMAX.

This course is mainly focused on WiMAX

concept, development, Usage scenario, key

technologies and realization, which are

overview of WiMAX.





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After you learn this course, you will ： Know what is WiMAX and its standard protocol

Know the application and advantages over other

technologies.

Know the realization of WiMAX





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WiMAX Conception and DevelopmentWiMAX Conception and Development

WiMAX Usage Scenario

WiMAX Key Technologies

WiMAX Network Architecture





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What is WiMAX?

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

IEEE 802.15 -

Bluetooth

WAN

MAN

LAN

PAN ETSI HiperPAN

IEEE 802.11 – Wireless LAN

ETSI HiperLAN

IEEE 802.16-Wireless

MAN

ETSI HiperMAN &

HIPERACCESS

IEEE 802.20(proposed)

3GPP,3GPP2

WiMAX is a Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) technology that is applied to Metropolitan

Area Network (MAN), is compliance with the IEEE802.16 standard.

WiMAX complies with “Broadband + Wireless” tendency. WiMAX adopts many advanced

technologies to maintain its obvious broadband, including Orthogonal frequency Division

Multiple Access (OFDMA), Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and so on.

It is called a “3.5G” or “4G” Technology.





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WiMAX Background

• Broadband Mobilization

Traditional fixed broadband access broadband wireless access

Fixed, Nomadic, Portable, Mobile

WLAN and WiMAX

• Mobility Broadbandization

Simple voice 、 SMS, low speed service high speed data service

1xEV-DO 、 HSDPA/HSUPA





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WiMAX Background

• Every wireless technology corporation adopts private protocol in classic system,

such as Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS) , and Multiple-channel

and Multipoint Distribution. This pattern is lack of interoperability. So their

applications in large scale are limited.

Classic instance – WiFi。

• Based on consistency and interoperability ， the emergence of WiMAX is a

landmark of broadband mobilization.

• WiMAX is the appellative title that IEEE802.16 technologies propagandize in the

telecommunication market. As well, WiMAX is another symbol name of

802.16d/e technologies.





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WiMAX Development

• In 1999, IEEE constituted 801.16 workgroup to research broadband wireless access

technology specification. It is aimed to establish a globe broadband wireless access

criteria uniformly.

• In Apr. 2001, WiMAX forum was established. It is aimed to authenticate consistency

and interoperability of broadband wireless access product that based on IEEE 802.16

and ETSI HiperMAN standard.

• At the beginning of 2003, 802.16a criteria was issued. It is aimed to design broadband

fixed access standard NLOS system that worked between 2 – 11 GHz.

• On Oct. 1rst 2004, 802.16d fixed access standard was issued.

• In Nov. 2004, WiMAX established Network Work Group (NWG). It is used to

constitute IEEE 802.16d/e network specification.

• At the end of 2005, 802.16e standard was issued.

• 802.16f and 802.16g are in process .





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WiMAX Protocol Introduction

WiMAX, based 802.16, has two primary standards.

802.16d fixed broadband wireless access

This specification standardizes air interface between fixed access terminal and BS

system. It mainly focused on interface of PHY (Physical Layer) and MAC (Medium

Access Control Layer).

802.16e mobile broadband wireless access

It is a broadband wireless access criteria that supports mobility.

The biggest feature is to support mobility that terminals move in car speed.

Both fixed and mobile broadband wireless can access system simultaneously.

802.16e works below 6GHz permissive frequency band.

802.16e access capacity is compatible with 802.16d.





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WiMAX Forum

• WiMAX forum ™ is a not-for-profit corporation established by advanced

Telecommunication operator, Integrated Equipment Vendor, Telecommunication

Element Vendor commonly.

• The WiMAX Forum™ aims to promote and certify the compatibility and

interoperability of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) products using the IEEE

802.16 wireless MAN specifications。

• The WiMAX Forum™ is dedicated to work for broadband wireless access system

research, requirement analysis, application pattern exploring, market extension

and all kinds of business that promote broadband wireless access interconnection

with market.

• There is a mark “WiMAX CERTIFICATED” is marked on every product that is

certificated by WiMAX forum.





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WiMAX Forum Architecture

The target of WiMAX Forum is to promote and accelerate the process that high performance

wireless broadband service in low cost enter market.





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WiMAX Healthy Eco-System

Integrated Equipment Vendor

Startup BWA

Vendor

Chipset MakerTerminal

Manufacturer

WiMAX Forum Member Constitution





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Workgroup and Forum

• IEEE 802.16 Workgroup is constitutor of WiMAX air interface

specification.

• WiMAX forum is a promoter of technology and industry chain.

IEEE 802.16 Standard

Standardization

WiMAX Forum

Realization





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WiMAX/EV-DO/HSDPA ComparisonTechnique WiMAX 3G(CDMA-2000) 3G(WCDMA/

UMTS)

Standard protocol IEEE 802.16e CDMA-2000 WCDMA/UMTS

Throughput Till 30Mbps

(10MHZ bandwidth)

Till 2.4Mbps(1XEV-Do)

Till 3.1Mbps(1XEV-DV)

Till 2Mbps (HSDPA higher than 10Mb/s)

Coverage Typical 2 ～ 5Km Typical 2 ～ 5Km Typical 2 ～ 5Km

Frequency 2 ～ 6GHz 400 、 700 、 800 、 900 、1800 、 2100MHz

900 、 1800 、 2100MHz

Bandwidth 1.25~20MHz 1.25MHz 5MHz(fixed)

Core technique in PHY Layer

OFDMA, AMC ， MIMO or AAS

CDMA 、 AMC CDMA 、 AMC

Duplex mode TDD FDD FDD

Mobility Low speed High speed High speed





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WiMAX and WiFi Comparison

• WiFi covers smaller than 300 feet, and works only under wireless LAN.

• WiMAX 802.16e covers 1~3 kilometers , and mainly works under

Wireless MAN (Metropolitan Area Network).

• Interoperability and consistency of WiMAX promote any corporation

can access network steadily.





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WiMAX Advantages• Outstanding application and service

Based on 802.16d/e standard protocol, the primary application of WiMAX are link relay,

backhaul access, last one mile access, substitution for coppery line, and mixed

networking with WLAN.

• Advanced technique performance

WiMAX adopts advanced technologies, such as mesh, beam － forming, MIMO and so

on. The scope covering is about 50km, and throughput of one sector is 75Mbps.

• Broadband mobilization

• High spectrum efficiency

• Interconnection with Next Generation Network (NGN)

• Strong capacity of service Access

• Convenient updating and maintenance





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WiMAX Conception and Development

WiMAX Usage Scenario WiMAX Usage Scenario







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WiMAX Usage Scenario

NomadicFixed Simple Mobility Full MobilityPortable

Fixed

（ 16d/16e ）Nomadic

（ 16e ）Portable

（ 16e ）Simple Mobility

（ 16e ）Full Mobility

（ 16e ）

ApplicationEnterprise access ; family outdoor access

Family indoor access and personal terminal access（ not support handove

r ）

Family outdoor access and personal terminal access （ support handover ）

Middle-rate mobile personal terminal access

High-rate mobile personal terminal access

Terminal Outdoor Indoor, PCMCIAIndividual CPE ， PCMCIA,

Embedded portable terminal

Individual CPE ， PCMCIA ， Personal handing terminal ， Embedded handing terminal

Mobility Without Without <=5Km/h ， <=60Km/h <=120Km/h





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• Internet connection

• Internet bar 、 telephone bar

• Real-time video watching

• Narrow band service and BS interconnection

• LAN interconnection

• IPTV application

WiMAX Application





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WiMAX forum put forward following service :

• Interactive games among multiple person

• VoIP and video meeting

• Media streaming downloading

• Web browse and instant messages

• Media matter downloading

Services WiMAX Supported





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Support 5 kinds service scheduling of IEEE802.16 standard

UGS (Unsolicited Grant Service) － VoIP （ without silence compression ）

It is used to transmit the real-time data service of fixed rate. The service offers fixed

size grants on a real-time periodic basis, without MS requests and assure that grants

are available to meet the flow’s real-time needs.

rtPS (Real-time Polling Service) － MPEG video

The rtPS is designed to support real-time uplink service flows that transport variable

size data packets on a periodic basis, such as MPEG video. This service requires

more request overhead than UGS, but supports variable grant sizes for optimum data

transport efficiency.

Broadband Access Service based QoS





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ErtPS (Extended Real-time Polling Service) － VoIP (with silence

compression)

rtPS is a scheduling mechanism which builds on the efficiency of both UGS and

rtPS.

NrtPS (Non-real-time Polling Service) － FTP service

It is used to support the non-real-time data stream of a periodic variable packet,

such as, the Internet entry that requires the ensured minimum rate. The service

must be confined to the specific maximum rate under certain circumstances.





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BE (Best Effort) － web browse 、 e-mail

It is used to support the non-real-time packet data service that has no

requirements for rate and delay, such as E-mail and short text

messages.






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WiMAX Usage Scenarios

WiMAX Key TechnologiesWiMAX Key Technologies






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WiMAX Key Technique-OFDM/OFDMAFr

eqen

cy

Ti me

OFDM OFDMA

Outp

ut P

ower

Frequency

OFDM OFDMA

OFDM ： Orthogonal Frequency

Division Multiplexing Adopting TDMA

Main idea: To transform data serial transmission to

parallel transmission. Then multiple parallel data stream are modulated into

orthogonal sub-carriers. Subcarrier spectrum can be overlapped.

OFDM technique advantages ：Sub-carriers are orthogonal and overlap and thus to improve spectrum efficiencyParallel data transmission resist multi-path interferenceChannel estimation and balance are simply realizedEasy to combine with other technologies: OFDM+CDMA 、 OFDM +MIMO, etc





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•IEEE802.16e protocol extends OFDMA

in PHY realization.•OFDMA: Orthogonal Frequency

Division Multiplexing Access •Comparison with OFDM:

Smaller granularity in resource allocation, it

supports multiple users in same frequency

band. More flexible resource allocation method.

It could make full use of spectrum.

Freq

ency

Ti me

OFDM OFDMA

frequency

subcarrier-N

subcarrier-1

Time Bandwidth

subcarrier-2

subcarrier-3

subcarrier-4

Guard time

OFDM symbol/frameIFFT

IFFT

IFFT

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7SN

SN+1 SN+2 SN+3 SN+4

OFDM symbol (FTT duration) S2N

WiMAX Key Technique--OFDM/OFDMA





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AMC

64QAM

16QAM

QPSK

WiMAX Key Techniques--AMC

Modulation/FEC rate Norimalized C/N(dB)

QPSK 1/3 0.5

QPSK 1/2 6

QPSK 2/3 7.5

QPSK 3/4 9

16-QAM 1/2 12

16-QAM 2/3 14.5

16-QAM 3/4 15

16-QAM 5/6 17.5

64-QAM 1/2 18

64-QAM 2/3 20

64-QAM 3/4 21

64-QAM 5/6 23

AMC: Adaptive Modulation and Coding It adopts different modulation coding methods, based on

the channel conditions to provide robust link adaptation in mobile environments;

Generate different transmitting rates by combining coding and modulation methods.





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MIMO ： Multiple input and multiple output MIMO means Multi-input antennas and Multi-output antennas, through transmit and receive the wireless data on several antennas in parallel. This feature can improve the spectrum efficiency and system capacity , of course it can supports higher speed date rate ,but it need more TRX hardware and more capacity of baseband processing.

WiMAX Key Technique--MIMO





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MIMO spatial multiplexing mode

0

1

2

3 DSP DSP

0 1

2 3

0 1

2 3

0

1

2

3





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MIMO spatial diversity mode

0

1

2

3 DSP DSP

0 1

0 1

0 1

0

1

2

3






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Signal Interference

Simple Beamforming Signal

Interference

Enhanced NullingSignal

InterferenceSignal

Interference

AAS ： Adaptive/Advanced Antenna System

Function: According to noise, interference, multiple access influence,

AAS dynamically changes one antenna array within antenna direction figure. It can

change antenna direction to trace user and improve signal quality. Still, it is used

to form beam forming when sending signal.

WiMAX Key Technique--AAS





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WiMAX Usage Scenarios


WiMAX Network ArchitectureWiMAX Network Architecture





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WiMAX End to End Network

Internetor ASP

NSP2

CSN

ASN

R6

ASN-GW

BS

ASN

R3

NAP1ASN-GW

BS

AAA

NSP1

CSN

R6

R5

R4/R8

R3 R3

R2R1

R3

NAP2

Internetor ASP

R2

R1

HA HA AAA





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Stack protocol of the service plane

(R3 GRE VPN)

IP

UDP

R3

Signaling

IP

UDP

Radius/DHCP

IP

UDP

R6

Signaling

BS ASN GW AAA/DHCP Server

Signaling stack protocol

802.16PHY

802.16MAC

MS BS PE

IP

802.16PHY

802.16MAC IP

ASN GW

GRE

IP

GRE

SERVER

R1 R6 R3

R6协议/DHCP

GRE

IP

R6协议/DHCP

IP IP

GRE

IP

802.16PHY

802.16MAC

MS BS PE

IP

802.16PHY

802.16MAC IP

ASN GW

GRE

IP

GRE

SERVER

R1 R6 R3

R6 protocol/DHCP

GRE

IP

R6 protocol/DHCP

IP IP

GRE

IP

R1 、 R6 and R3 Interface Stack R1 、 R6 and R3 Interface Stack





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WiMAX Network Element

• MSS-Mobile Scriber Station　• ASN-Access Service Network

ASN is mainly used for 802.16 air interface management ， and its primary functions are ：network searching and selecting access ， selecting NAP for user ， AAA , connecting to

selected CSN 、 handover and mobility management ， wireless resource allocation and

management.

• CSN-Connect Service Network

CSN is mainly used for connecting to Internet, ASP, PLMN network or other network ， and its

primary functions are: authorization, fee accounting (AAA) ， roaming among NSPs ， IP

address management ， policy controlling and QoS management for multiple service (such as

voice, PTP, VPN, broadcast and multiple broadcast, message).

• NAP-Network Access Provider

• NSP-Network Service Provider





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HUAWEI WiMAX Network Element

• MSS

CPE, PCMIA, TA501 (only for test)

• ASN

BTS3703 (ASN － RAN), include BBU （ Base Band Unit ） and

RRU （ Remote Radio Unit ）

WASN9770 （ ASN － GW ）

• CSN

AAA, DHCP Server, HA





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HUAWEI BTS Introduction

BTS3703 3X1 configuration (3 sector ， one carrier for one sector)

BTS3703

BBU ： Base Band Unit

RRU ： Remote Radio Unit





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HUAWEI ASN － GWPower distrubution box(2U)

LAN Switch S3528 (1U)Lan switch cabling rack(1U)

LAN Switch S3528 (1U)

Blank panel (3U)

Firewall E200(3U)

WASN9770subrack (18U)

Blank panel(1U)

(1U)(1U)

(2U)

(2U)

Firewall E200(3U)

Lan switch cabling rack(1U)

Blank panel (3U)

Blank panel(3U)

Blank panel

Large cabling rack

Blank panel

Blank panel

WASN Subrack Power distribution Box LanSwitch Firewall

HUAWEI WASN9770 Product figure





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HUAWEI WiMAX Network Characteristics

• For fixed network operator ， HUAWEI can provide end to end independent

networking scheme of WiMAX 16e . The perfect combination of WiMAX and

IMS forms all IP network ， which could provide broader band in a low cost.

WiMAX network not only can deploy MAN system for operator, but also it

could be applied to WAN construction.

• For mobile network operator ， HUAWEI can provide perfect mixed

networking scheme of mobile WiMAX. It can combines WiMAX and existed

2G (GSM)/3G (WCDMA, CDMA) network of customer. So operator could

make full use and protection of investment . Thus, two kind networks can

share several core network equipment, such as HA, HLR, AAA.

Thank youwww.huawei.com

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huawei wimax overview

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