Kuan Boon, OngBiomechanics staff

Course OutlineCourse OutlineThis course studies the biomechanical factors involved in movement, with special focus on sports techniques, musculo-skeletal stress and understanding movement patterns.

Required Readings:•Hamill, J. and Knutzen, K. (2003). Biomechanical Basis of Human Movement. Williams and Wilkins.

• end chapter multi questions (answers on WebCT)

Course OutlineCourse OutlineLECTURES & Tutorials: • Approximately 39 individual lectures & tutorials

LABORATORIES:10 laboratories (1 per fortnight) (+ mid sem. exam)

ASSESSMENT: Course Work 60%•Final Exam (40%)

Course OutcomesCourse Outcomes• Describe movement from a biomechanical perspective.• Understand how kinematic and kinetic variables relate to 2-D

movements.• Report the forces on the body during exercise and sporting activities.• Apply the concepts of joint moments and muscle torque to exercise.• Link basic muscle mechanics to exercise.• Understand the characteristics of gait, while also expressing the

kinematic and kinetic changes needed to change from walking to running gait.

• Be able to understand how the internal and external forces associated with movement inter-relate in optimal performance.

• Be able to critically appraise movement from a biomechanical perspective

Student ExpectationsStudent Expectations• Please be punctual for the start of lectures and laboratories.• Please turn off your mobile phones during lectures and laboratories.• Please see the lab coordinator as soon as you have missed a class. • The first option is to attend another lab time but please • A doctor’s certificate must be produced for a missed laboratory if the lab

is not made up. (5% penalty may apply for missed labs).

What is the scope of What is the scope of biomechanics?biomechanics?Biomechanics is a study of human movement using mechanics and applied anatomy ....

Sport• Technique development• Injury reduction

Clinical• Rehabilitation• Disease identification and progression

Occupational• Ergonomics• Kinanthropometry (Growth)

Technique Development

Injury Reduction

Rehabilitation

Disease Identification & Progression

Ergonomics

Kinanthropometry (growth)

Learning path for skill?Learning path for skill? Tactical

Technical

Physical

Mental

Deciding what technique to Deciding what technique to teach?teach?

1.1. Past experiences as a Past experiences as a coach or playercoach or player

e.g. grip on the racquet

Deciding what technique to Deciding what technique to teach?teach?

2.2. Current world trendsCurrent world trends

e.g. two handed backhand

Deciding what technique to Deciding what technique to teach?teach?

3.3. Consider individual Consider individual FLAIRFLAIR of athleteof athlete

Deciding what technique to Deciding what technique to teach?teach?

Must use the previous three Must use the previous three ++ an understanding of an understanding of the the

mechanics of the movementmechanics of the movement

e.g. time on strings (5 ms)

What is the structure of What is the structure of biomechanics?biomechanics?Biomechanics (kinesiology)Biomechanics (kinesiology)

Chapter 1: Hamill & Knutzen

Describing position or movementDescribing position or movementCartesian Coordinate System (2D or 3D)

X

Y

Planes of motionPlanes of motionSagittal• right & left

Coronal (Frontal)• front & back

Transverse• Top &

Bottom

Planes of motionPlanes of motionSagittal• Front Knee

Angle

Coronal (Frontal)• Trunk Angle

Transverse• Shoulder

Alignment

Lecture OutcomesLecture Outcomes• Explain the role that biomechanics plays in sport, clinical

and occupational settings and give an example of each.

• How does a coach or teacher decide what techniques should be changed and those that should be left alone?

• What is the Cartesian measurement system?

• In a tennis serve define a movement in the:• Sagittal plane• Transverse plane• Frontal plane

Revision for upcoming lecturesRevision for upcoming lectures• Muscle groups and their actions at the major joints • Planes of motion• Basic trigonometry revision (pg 467-469)• Linear kinematics and angular kinematics? Chapters 8

& 9 (10&11)

JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature

Hip Flexion

Hip Extension

Hip Flexors•psoas major•iliacus •rectus femoris

Hip Extenders•gluteus maximus•adductor magnus (inferior)•hamstrings

JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature

knee Flexion

Knee Extension

Knee Flexors (hamstrings)•semitendinosus•semimembranosus•biceps femoris (2 heads)Hip Extenders (quadriceps)•rectus femoris •vastus lateralis, medialis & intermedialis

JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature

Ankle Dorsi-Flexion

Ankle Plantar-Flexion

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JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature

Shoulder Abduction

Shoulder Adduction

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JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature

Shoulder Internal Rotation

ShoulderExternal Rotation

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JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature

Elbow Flexion

Elbow Extension

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