jurnal kimia tingkat 1

7/23/2019 Jurnal Kimia Tingkat 1

1/25

WSEOZ

FBKBO GOZO^

Idch =

Zs}r Olg~bolb Z,Ho~gmi

QIDBWCFLBF FCZCHOWOL KOLOGI

MS^SZOL @O^KOZB

OESZWSZ

>1?1


2/25

Fowo Qcleolwo~

Qsmb zrsfs~ fokb qolmowfol fcqogo Wshol role Koho Czo owoz wslwslol gol

fcnobfol Lro zchbleeo wseoz blb nbzo gbzcdczobfol gcleol nobf, Wseoz blb gbnsow slwsf

kcdclefoqb

qc~zro~owol kohozbzuo oeo~ goqow kclebfswb smbol zckczwc~ qclgcf kowo fsdboh fbkbo

gozo~,

Gckbfbol fowo qcleolwo~ blb fokb nsow$owoz f~bwbf gol zo~ol role kcknolesl

gbsjoqfol wc~bko fozbh role zcnczo~+nczo~lro,

Kologi$ >2 Oeszwsz >1?1


3/25

Msgsd qc~jinool = Olodbzbz Fsodbwowb` Fowbil

Kcwigc = ^cofzb Qcleclgoqol Uo~lo

Qszwofo =

Msgsd nsfs = Piecd noebol B$ cgbzb fcdbko Wohsl wc~nbw = ?283 Non BP = ^cofzb+~cofzb fowbil

Jo~o fc~mo =

?, Zboqfol odow & nohol>, Nc~zbhfol odow+odow role ofol gbeslofol:, Oknbd zokqcd gcleol qbqcw fcksgbol wo~sh gb godok niwid `dofil7, Oknbd qc~cofzb gcleol qbqcw fcksgbol wo~sh gb godok niwid `dofil3, ^cofzb nc~gozo~fol gowo go~b olbil

Odow & nohol =

Odow =?, Dons c~dclkcrc~>, Wonsle ~cofzb:, Qbqcw7, Wbzzsc3, Doq0,

@dofil

5, Fc~woz doncd8, Zonsl job~

Nohol =?, >, :, 7, 3, 0,

5, 8, 2, ?1,


4/25

Q~izcgs~ =

Eidileol B

?, Wbknod$ o,

Z gbwcwczb do~swol Ozok Fdi~bgo wc~mogb clgoqol qswbh $ qqw qswbh

Clgoqol gbwoknohfol ob~ qoloz$ clgoqol do~sw

Ob~ Qoloz$qqw do~sw

Clgoqol gbwoknohfol okilbo$ wbgof ogo qc~snohol

n, Z gbwcwczb gcleol qc~cofzb Okilbo wc~mogb clgoqol qswbh $ qqw qswbh

Clgoqol gbwoknohfol okkilbo nc~dcnbh$clgoqol wbgof do~sw

j, Z gbwcwczb gcleol do~swol LoIH kclehozbdfolclgoqol qswbh $qqw qswbhClgoqol qswbh gbwcwczb doeb gcleol LoIh nc~dcnbh clgoqol do~sw

g, Z gbwcwczb gcleol ozok zsd`ow kclehozbdfol clgoqol qswbh $qqw qswbh

Clgoqol gbwcwczb gcleol ozko zsd`ow nc~dcnbh$clgoqol wbgof do~sw

c, Z gbwcwczb gcleol Fodbsk F~ikow kclehozbdfol clgoqol fslbleQn

> F>J~I7QnJ~I7(qqw fslble"

Clgoqol gbwcwczb gcleol LoIH clgoqol kclehbdole

`, Z gbwcwczb gcleol fodbsk bigbgc kclehozbdfol clgoqol uo~lo fslble,Qn> FBQnB> qqw fslble

Clgoqol gbwcwczb doeb gcleol Fodbsk bigbgc nc~dcnbh$clgoqol do~sw,e, Z gbwcwczb gcleol low~bsk fo~nilow kclehozbdfol clgoqol qswbh,

>Qn> Lo>JI:H>IQn(IH">QnJI:JI> qqw qswbh

Clgoqol fcksgbol gbgbhfol wbgof wc~mogb qc~snohol,

Fcksgbol gbwcwczb fcknodb cleol ozok lbw~ow clgoqol do~sw,

h, Z gbwcwczb gcleol Fodbsk Zbolbgo kclehozbdfol clgoqol qswbh,Qn> >FJLQn(JL"> qqw qswbh

Clgoqol fcksgbol gbwcwczb gcleol Fozbsk Zbolbgo nc~dcnbh$clgoqol wbgof do~sw,

>, O~eclwsk$ o, Z gbwcwczb gcleol ozok fdi~bgo kclehozbdfol clgoqol qswbh,

OeHJdOeJdH qqw qswbh

Clgoqol fcksgbol gbwcwczb gcleol do~swol okkilbo$clgoqol do~sw,

Clgoqol fcksgbol gbwcwczb gcleol do~swol Fodbsl zbolbgo$wbgof wc~mogb qc~snohol,

n, Z gbwcwczb gcleol do~swol okkilbo wc~mogb clgoqol jifdow,>Oe>LH:H>IOe>I>LH7

qqw jifdow

Clgoqol gbwcwczb gcleol qc~cofzb nc~dcnbh $clgoqol do~sw,


5/25

j, Z gbwcwczb gcleol do~swol Low~bsl Hbg~ifzbgo kclehozbdfol clgoqol nc~uo~lo jifdow,Oe

LoIHOe(IH">

Clgoqol gbwcwczb gcleol qc~cofzb nc~dcnbh clgoqol wbgof do~sw,

Fcksgbol gbwcwczb gcleol do~swol okkilbo$clgoqol do~sw,

g, Z gbwcwczb do~swol fodbsk bigbgc wc~mogb clgoqol fslble,OeFBOeB qqw fslble

Clgoqol gbwcwczb gcleol okkilbo clgoqol wbgof do~sw,

Fcksgbol clgoqol gbwcwczb gcleol Fodbsk zbolbgo clgoqol do~sw,

c, Z gbwcwczb gcleol Fodbsk f~ikow wc~mogb clgoqol kc~oh,Oe F>J~I7OeJ~I7 qqw kc~oh

Clgoqol gbwcwczb gcleol do~swol Fodbsl zbolbgo nc~dcnbhol$clgoqol do~sw,

`, Z gbwcwczb gcleol Low~bsk Fo~nilow wc~mogb clgoqol qswbh fcfslbleol,OeFJLOeJL qqw qswbh

Clgoqol nc~snoh kclmogb jifdow fcwbfo gbqolozfol,

Oe

LoJI:

OeJL

qqw qswbh fcfslbleolClgoqol gbwcwczb okkilbo$clgoqol do~sw$

Eidileol BB

:, Wcknoeo$ o, Z gbwcwczb do~swol okkilbo wc~mogb clgoqol nb~s,

>Js>Zi7>+>LH:>H>IJs(IH">,JsZI7>LH7

qqw nb~s

Clgoqol gbwcwczb doeb gcleol okkilbo nc~dcnbh$clgqol do~sw,

n, Z gbwcwczb Low~bsk Hbg~ifzbgo owos nozo Odfodb wc~mogb clgoqol nb~s,Js

>LoIHJs(IH"> qqw nb~s

Clgoqol gbwcwczb doeb gcleol LoIH nc~dcnbh$clgqol wbgof do~sw,

j, Z gbwcwczb gcleol Fodbsk Bigbgo wc~mogb clgoqol qswbh,g, >Js>>FB>JsB qqw qswbhc, Z gbwcwczb gcleol do~swol Fodbsl Zbolbgo$wc~mogb clgoqol fslble,

Js>

>FJLJs(JL"> qqw fslble

Clgoql gbwcwczb doeb gcleol Fodbsk zbolbgo nc~dcnbh$clgoqol do~sw

7, ^ofzo$ o, Z gbwcwczb gcleol do~swol okkilbo wc~mogb clgoqol qswbh,

>He>LI:+7LH:H>IHeI,He(LH>"LI::LH7

n,

Z gbwcwczb gcleol Low~bsk Hbg~ifzbgo$wc~nclwsf clgoqol kc~oh fcjifdowol,He>IH

+HeIH>I qqw kc~oh fcjifdowol

Fcksgbol Gbwcwczb doeb gcleol LoIH nc~dcnbh $clgoqol wbgof do~sw,

j, Z gbwcwczb gcleol Fodbsk Bigbgo kclehozbdfolclgoqol,HeFB(HeB>"

>+qqw kc~oh

g, Z gbwcwczb gcleol do~swol Fodbsk Zbolbgo wbgof kclbknsdfol qo~snohol,HeFJL


6/25

Eidileol BBB

3, Nczb BB$ o, Z gbwcwczb gcleol low~bsk Hbg~ifzbgo$kcknclwsf clgoqol qswbh,

@c>>LoIH@c(IH">(qqw qswbh"

Fcksgbol gbwcwczb gcleol qc~cofzb nc~dcnb$clgoqol do~sw,

n, Z gbwcwczb do~swol Okilbo,@c

>LH7IH@c(IH">

j, Z gbwcwczb gcleol do~swol fodbsk zbolbgo$kcknclws clgoqol jifdow fcfslbleol,@c>FJL@c(JL"> qqw jifdow fcfslbleol

Fcksgbol gbwcwczb gcleol Fodbsk zbolbgo nc~dcnbh$clgoqol do~sw,

0, Nczb BBB$ o, Z gbwcwczb gcleol do~swol okkilbo$wc~mogb clgoqol kc~oh fcjifdowol,@c:

Fcksgbol gbwcwczb gcleol qc~cofzb nc~dcnbh$clgoqol wbgof do~sw,

n, Z gbwcwczb gcleol do~swol Low~bsk Hbg~ifzbgo$kclehozbdfok clgoqol kc~ohfcjifdowol,

@c:

LoIH@c(IH": qqw kc~oh fcjifdowol

Fcksgbol gbwoknohfol gcleol qc~cofz nc~dcnbh$clgoqol wbgof do~sw,

j, Z gbwcwczb gcleol fodbsk zbolbgo kclehozbdfol clgoqol jifdow fckc~ohol,@c

:FJL@c(IH": qqw jifdowfckc~ohol

Fcksgbol gbwcwczb gcleol qc~cofzb nc~dcnbh$clgoqol do~sw gol nc~uolo fslble

Eidileol BP

5, Finodw$ o, Z gbwcwczb gcleol qc~cfzb do~swol low~bsk hbg~ifzbgo kcknclwsf clgoqol nc~uo~lo

nb~s,

Ji>

IH+LI:Ji(IH"LI:

Fcksgbol gbwcwczb gcleol okkilbo clgoqol ksgoh do~sw,

n, Z gbwcwczb do~swol okkilbo kcknclwsf clgoqol nb~s,Ji>LH

:H

>ILI

:

+Ji(IH"LI

:LH

7

Fcksgbol clgoqol gbwcwczb gcleol qc~cofzb nc~dcnbh clgoqol do~sw,

j, Z gbwcwczb gcleol do~swol fodbsk zbolbgo kcknclwsf clgoqol nc~uo~lo jifdowfckc~ohol,

Ji>>JL+Ji(JL"> qqw, jifdow fckc~ohol

Fcksgbol gbwcwczb gcleol ~coeclzbo nc~dcnbhol$clgoqol do~sw,


7/25

8, Lbfcd$ o, Z gbwcwczb gcleol qc~cofzb robws do~swol Low~bsk Hbg~ifzbgo$kcknclwsf clgoqol

hbmos,

Lb>>IH+Lb(IH"> qqw hbmos

Fcksgbol gcleol qc~cofzb nc~dcnbh$clgoqol wbgof do~sw,

n, Z gbwcwczb gcleol do~swol okkilbo kcknclwsf clgoqol Hbmos,Lb>>LH:>H>ILb(IH">

>LH7

+ qqw hbmos

Gbwcwczb cleol do~swol fodbsk zbolbgo kcknclwsf clgoqol Hbmos,

Godok ~coeclzbo nc~dcnbhol clgoqol do~sw,

j, Z Gbwcwczb gcleol do~swol fodbsk zbolbgo kcknclwsf clgoqol Hbmos,Lb

>>JL

+Lb(JL>" qqw hbmos

Godok ~coe~lzbo nc~dcnbh clgoqol ksgoh do~sw,

Eidileol P

2, Koelczbskw$ o, Z gbwcwczb gcleol do~swol okkilbo kcknclwsf clgoqol role zcqc~wb ecdowbl,

Ke>

>LH:>H>IKe(IH">>LH7

n, Z gbwcwczb low~bsk hbg~ifzbgo kcknclwsf clgoqol qswbh,Ke>

Mbfo gbwoknoh ~coeclzbo nc~dcnbhol clgoqol wbgof do~sw,

j, Z gbwcwczb gcleol do~swol Low~bsk fo~nilow kcknclwsf clgoqol qswbh,Ke>

g, Z gbwoknohfol fslble wbwol kclehozbdfol do~swol nc~uo~lo fslble,Ke

> ? wcwcz gcleol fslble wbwol (wbwol rcddiu"

Fcksgbol gbwcwczb gcleol okkilbo wc~nclwsf clgoqol kc~oh wso,

?1,Okilbo$LH7o, Z gbwcwczb gcleol low~bsk hbg~ifzbgo eoz gbdcqozfol fcwbfo gbqolozfol,

LH7IH

+LH7H>I

n, Z gbwcwczb gcleol ~coeclzbo Lczdc~$kclehozbdofl olgoqol jifdow owos fslble,LH7

>VHeB7[

>+7IH

+HeI,He(LH>"5B

+:H>I


8/25

Msgsd qc~jinool = Olodbzbz Fsodbwowb` Olbil

Kcwigc = ^cofzb Qcleclgoqol Uo~lo

Qszwofo =

Msgsd nsfs = Piecd noebol BB$ cgbzb fcdbko Wohsl wc~nbw = ?283 Non BP = ^cofzb+~cofzb olbil Hodokol = :?0+712

Jo~o fc~mo =

0, Zboqfol odow & nohol5, Nc~zbhfol odow+odow role ofol gbeslofol8, Oknbd zokqcd gcleol qbqcw fcksgbol wo~sh gb godok niwid `dofil2, Oknbd qc~cofzb gcleol qbqcw fcksgbol wo~sh gb godok niwid `dofil?1,^cofzb nc~gozo~fol gowo go~b olbil

Odow & nohol =

Odow =2, Dons c~dclkcrc~?1,Wonsle ~cofzb??,Qbqcw?>,Wbzzsc?:,Doq?7,@dofil?3,Fc~woz doncd?0,Zonsl job~

Nohol =??,?>,?:,?7,?3,?0,?5,?8,?2,>1,7


9/25

Q~izcgs~ =

Eid, Fo~nilow

??,Fo~nilow$ b,

Z gbwcwczb ozok fdi~bgo cljc~ wc~nclwsf qcles~obol gcleol nc~nsbh

$ qcles~obol nc~nsbh

m, Z gbwcwczb do~swol qc~of lbw~ow wc~nclwsf clgoqol qswbh

$ qqw qswbh

Clgoqol gbwoknohfol ozok lbw~ow$ clgoqol do~sw

$ qqw do~sw

Clgoqol gbwoknohfol okilbo$ clgoqol do~sw

?>,Hbg~iecl fo~nilow$ e, Z gbwcwczb kc~fs~bsk (BB" fdi~bgo$ wbgof wc~nclwsf clgoqol

Eid, Zsdòw

?:,Wbizsdòw$ `, Z gbwcwczb ozok fdi~bgo cljc~$ ksdo+ksdo wof wc~mogb qc~snohol fcksgbol wc~nclwsf

clgoqol qswbh

e, Z gbwcwczb do~swol big$ uo~lo hbdole

?7,Zsdòw$

c, Z gbwcwczb do~swol wbkncd ozcwow wc~mogb clgoqol qswbh

`, Z gbwcwczb do~swol qc~of lbw~ow wc~mogb clgoqol qswbh

Eid, Hodiecl

?3,Fdi~bgo$ g, Z gbwcwczb ozok zsdòw qcfow$ wc~nclwsf do~swol qoloz

c, Z gbwcwczb do~swol qc~of lbw~ow$ wc~nclwsf clgoqol qswbh $ qqw qswbh

Clgoqol gbwoknohfol okilbo$ clgoqol do~sw

$ qqw do~sw

?0,N~ikbgo$


10/25

g, Z gbwcwczb ozok zsdòw qcfow wc~nclwsf do~swol jifdow fckc~ohol qoloz Dowswol jifdow fckc~ohol qoloz

c, Z gbwcwczb koleol gbifzbgo wc~nclwsf do~swol qblf Do~swol qblf

Do~swol gbwoknohfol ozok zsdòw qcfow wc~nclwsf do~swol jifdow+fckc~ohol

Do~swol Do~swol jifdow+fckc~ohol

`, Z gbwcwczb do~swol qc~of lbw~ow wc~nclwsf clgoqol fslble+qsjow $ qqw fslble+qsjow

Clgoqol gbwoknohfol okilbo cljc~$ clgoqol do~sw zoleow zcgbfbw

e, Z gbwcwczb ozok lbw~ow$ wbgof ogo clgoqol

?5,Bigbgo$ g, Z gbwcwczb ozok zsdòw qcfow wc~nclwsf do~swol jifdow$ kclesoq & qoloz

c, Z gbwcwczb do~swol wcknoeo zsdòw wc~nclwsf clgoqol jifdow

`, Z gbwcwczb do~swol qc~of lbw~ow$ wc~nclwsf clgoqol fslble

Eid, Lbw~ow

?8,Lbw~ow$ Z gbwcwczb ozok zsdòw qcfow wc~mogb soq gol do~swol jifdow

(Do~swol jifdow"

Eid, Qc~koleolow

?2,Qc~koleolow$ c, Z gbwcwczb ozok zsdòw qcfow kclehozbdfol do~swol

`, Z gbwcwczb low~bsk hbg~ifzbgo kclehozbdfol do~swol kc~oh mokns

Do~swol kc~oh mokns


11/25

Msgsd Qc~jinool = Olodbzo Pidskcw~b (Qcknsowol do~,wbwc~ HJd"

Kcwigc = Qclecljc~ol

Q~izcgs~ = Ozok fdi~bgo 1$1?L6 1$1>L6 1$?L6 1$?>L6 1$>L6 1$3L6 ?L6 ?$:L6 >L6

:L6 7L6 3L6 0L, Qcknsowol do~swol zcmskdoh ozok fdi~bgo q godok ob~

zcjsfsqlro hbkeeo wboq ?111$1 kd kcleolgsle HJd godok mskdoh

nc~bfsw =

Slwsf do~swol 1$1?L 1$:075e HJd

Slwsf do~swol 1$1>L 1$5>2:e HJd

Slwsf do~swol 1$?L :$075e HJd

Slwsf do~swol 1$?>L 7$:53>e HJd

Slwsf do~swol 1$>L 5$>2:e HJd

Slwsf do~swol 1$3L ?8$>:e HJd

Slwsf do~swol ?L :0$70e HJd

Slwsf do~swol ?$:L 75$7??e HJd

Slwsf do~swol >L 5>$2:e HJd

Slwsf do~swol :L ?12$:1e HJd

Slwsf do~swol 7L ?73$2e HJd

Slwsf do~swol 3L ?8>$:1e HJd

Slwsf do~swol 0L >?8$50e HJd

Go`wo~ qszwofo = @B Cg BBB wohsl ?252$ hod 577


12/25

Odow gol nohol = Odow Nohol

?, Ncffc~ edozz ?, HJd :5#>, C~dclkcrc~ >, Osogczwbddowo:, Dons wclwsfs~ :, Blgbfowi~ kc~oh kcwbd7, Ecdoz sfs~3, Qbqcw0, Zsgbq5, Ji~ile8, Wbzzsc

Jo~o fc~mo = ?, Zboqfol odow gol nohol

>, Wsoleb dons wclwsfs~ 311 kd gcleol osogczwbddowo zcnolrof 53 kd

:, Oknbd HJd qcfow gcleol qbqcw$ kozsffol fcgodok ecdoz sfs~

zcnolrof 7$0 kd

7, Kozsffol fcgodok dons wclwsfs~ role zsgoh nc~bzb osogczwbddowo$

fijif hbleeo hikiecl

3, Woknohfol osogczwbdowo zokqob wolgo nowoz 311 kd (kblbzfsz nouoh"

0, Qblgohfol godok uogoh gol nc~b cwbfcw

Qc~hbwsleol = HJd godok qc~zcgbool :5#

n)p ; 1$3L

Nm ; ?$?2 e)kd ; ?8$>:e

L ; 1$?L)1$3L ?8$>:e ; :$075e

P ; 311kd)?111kd :$075e ; ?$8>:3e

Pidskc HJd ; P ; N)Nm

P ; ?$8>:3e)?$?2e)kd

; ?$3:>: kd


13/25

Go~b qc~zcgbool HJd :5# role gb qbqcw ; ?11):5 ?$3:>:kd

; 7$?7?7kd

; 7$?kd

Fczbkqsdol = Go~b ozok fdi~bgo (HJd" :5# gbqbqcw owos gboknbd 7$?kd slwsf

qcknsowol 311kd HJd 1$?L


14/25

Msgsd Qc~jinool = Wbw~ozb Ojbgbkcw~b

Kcwigc = Lcw~odbzozb

Q~izcgs~ = Qcknofsol do~swol ?L wbknole zofzoko ?$3e low~bsk fo~nilow olhbg~ow

q role zcncdsklro wcdoh gbfc~blefol qogo zshs >51 zcdoko ? mok,

Do~swfol godok ?11kd ob~$ wbw~ozb gcleol ozok fdi~bgo kcleeslofol

blgbfowi~ kc~oh kcwbd q, qologfol do~swol hbleeo kclgbgbh,

Gbleblfol gol dolmswfol wbw~ozb qolozfol doeb hbleeo kclgbgbh gol wbw~ozb

doeb hbleeo uo~lo kclmogb kc~oh mokns qsjow wbgof hbdole gcleol

qclgbgbhol, Hbwsle li~kodbwoz do~swol,

Qszwofo = @B Cg BBB Hod, 577

Odow gol nohol = Odow

?, Ncfc~ edozz 2, Fozo ozncz>, C~dclkcrc~ ?1, Fc~woz wbknole:, Ns~cw ??, Zsgbq7, Fdck ns~cw ?>, Lc~ojo olodbwbj3, Qbqcw ?:, Niwid zckq~iw0, Zwowb` ?7, Fc~woz doncd5, Dokqs zq~bwsz ?3, Fi~cf oqb8, Kcmo fofb wbeo ?0, WbzzscNohol

?, HJd>, Lo>JI::, Osogczwbddowo7, Blgbfowi~ kc~oh kcwbd


15/25

Jo~o fc~mo = ?, Wbknole Lo>JI: w~bqdi

>, Kozsffol godok c~dclkcrc~

:, Do~swfol gcleol ?1kd osogczwbddowo

7, Woknohfol blgbjowi~ kc~oh kcwbd

0, Qolozfol do~swol hbleeo kclgbgbh (nbdo uo~lo hbdole wbw~ozb

gbdolmswfol fcknodb gol qolozfol doeb hbleeo uo~lo wbgof hbdole"

5, Dofsfol wbeo fodb (w~bqdi"$ jowow pidskc wbw~ol

8, Hbwsle li~kodbwoz ~owo+~owo

L ; Niniw Lo>JI: L HJd qszwofoPid,Wbw~ol qszwofo

Qc~hbwsleol gol gowo = Qc~hbwsleol qc~wbwc~ (Lo>JI:"

Slwsf ?L ?$3e

Slwsf 1$?L ; ,,e

; 1$?)? ?$3e

; 1$?3e

Li Nc~ow fc~woz }ow Nc~ow fc~woz zbzo Nc~ow }ow Pid,Ouod Pid,Ofhb~ Pid,Wbw~ol(kd"

?, 31$3 ke 1$>ke 31$:e ??$?kd ?1$?kd

1$1313e 1$111>e 1$131:e

>, 72$5ke 1$?ke 72$0ke ??$?kd >?kd 2$2kd

1$1725e 1$111?e 1$1720e


16/25

?" Li~kodbwoz ~owo+~owoL ; Niniw Lo>JI: L HJd qszwofo

Pid,Wbw~ol qszwofo

; 31$:ke 1$?L

?1$?kd 3$>22ke

; 1$12:2L

>" L ; 72$0ke 1$?L2$2kd 3$>22ke

; 1$1273L

L ~owo+~owo ; L? L>

>

; 1$12:2 1$1273

>; 1$127>L

Fczbkqsdol = Li~kodbwoz HJd role gbnofsfol ogodoh 1$127>L


17/25

WBW^OZB ^CGIFZ

Wbw~ozb ~cgifz ogodoh qclcwoqol fogo~ owos ifzbgowi~ nc~gozofol owoz ~cofzb ~cgsfzb gol ifzbgozb

gbkolo ~cgsfwi~ ofol wc~ifzbgozb$gol ifzbgowi~ ofol wc~cgsfzb,

Wci~b ifzbgozb~cgsfzb

Zcjo~o sksk ifzbgozb gbo~wbfol zcnoeob ~cofzb qclebfowol ifzbecl gol ~cgsfzb zcnoeob

qcdcqozol ifzbecl,Nc~gozo~fol filzcq cdcjw~il go~b zsows }ow$bzwbdoh ~cgifz gbeslofol slwsf ~cofzb+

~cofzb gbkl owc~mogb qcdcqozol gol qclebfowol cdcjw~il,Qcdcqozol cdcjw~il gbzcnsw ifzbgozb$zcgolefol

qclebfowol cdcjw~il gblokofol ~ccgsfzb,

Ifzbgozb = @c @c & c

^cgsfzb = Jc & c Jc

^cgifz = 7@c & Jc @c & Jc

Qogo ~cofzb ~cgifz$mskdoh cdcjw~il role gbdcqozfol idch ~cgsfwi~ zcdods zoko gcleol mskdoh

cdcjw~il role gbbfow idch ifzbgowi~,Hod blb olodie gcleol ~cofzb ozok+nozo$gbkolo q~iwil role

gbdcqozfol idch ozok gol q~iwil role gbbfow idch nozo mseo zcdods zoko,

Idch fo~clo cdcjw~il wbgof Lokqof qogo fczcds~shol ~cofzb$kofo qclsdbzol ~cofzb dcnbh ksgoh

nbdo gbqbzohfol kclmogb gso noebol robws noebol ifzbgozb gol oeobl ~cgsfzb$kozble+kozble gbfclod

zcoeob zcwcleoh ~cofzb

Oeo~ goqow gbeslofol zcnoeob gozo~ wbw~ozb $kofo ~cgifz ho~sz kckclshb qc~zro~owol zcnoeob

nc~bfsw =

^cofzb ho~sz jcqow gol zckqs~lo ^cofzb c~dolezsle zcjo~o zwifbikcw~b$robws wc~goqow fczcwo~ool role qozwb olwo~o ifzbgowi~ gol

~cgsfwi~,

Wbwbf ofhb~ ho~sz goqow gbgcwcfzb$kbzodlro gcleol nolwsol blgbjowi~ ~cgif owos zcjo~oqowclwbikcw~b,

Idch fo~clo olrof slzs~c+slzs~ kckqslrob dcbh go~b zows wblefow ifzbgozb$kofo gbfclod

ncnc~oqo kojok wbw~ozb ~cgifz$robws =

o,Wbw~ozb Qc~koleolikcw~b

n,Wbw~ozb Bigi+Bigbkcw~b

j,Wbw~ozb Nikikcw~b gol N~ikowikcw~b


18/25

Msgsd Qc~jinool = Qcknsowol do~,wbwc~ fodbsk qc~koleolowc

Kcwigc = ^cgifz

Q~izcgs~ = Qcknsowol do~swol dcnbh fs~ole :$:e fodbsk qc~koleolow q godok

?111kd ob~ godok dons$ gol gbgbhfol do~swol zcdoko dcnbh fs~ole

?3kclbw, Wswsq dons$ nbo~fol zcdoko wbgof fs~ole go~b gso ho~b$ zo~ble

kcdodsb qclro~ble fojo kozb~ nc~qi~izbwoz hodsz, Mbfo qc~ds doqbzb gozo~

qclro~ble fojo kozb~ gcleol uid fojo,

Go`wo~ Qszwofo = @B Cg BP wohsl ?223 Hod,?>?0


?, Ncffc~ edozz ?, FKlI7>, C~dclkcrc~ >, Osogczwbddowo:, Dons wclwsfs~ :, Low~bsk ifzodow7, Lc~ojo olodrwbj 7, Ozok zsd`ow

Jo~o Fc~mo = ?, Wbknole zofzoko ?$03e FKlI7>, Do~swfol godok ?11kd ob~ godok dons wclwsfs~

:, Gbgbhfol do~swol zcdoko ?3kclbw

7, Wswsq dons$ nbo~fol zcdoko wbgof fs~ole gso ho~b

3, Zo~ble kcdodsb qclro~ble fojo kozb~ role nc~qi~izbwoz hodsz

0, Mbfo qc~ds doqbzb gozo~ qclro~ble fojo kozb~ gcleol uid fojo

Gowo gol qc~hbwsleol = Slwsf qcknsowol 311kd

Pid,FKlI7 ; 311kd :$:e ; ?$03e

?111kd

Nc~ow Uogoh N,uogoh ]ow N,uogoh zbzo Nc~ow ]ow

>7$2355 >0$0?:: >7$201: ?$03:

Fczbkqsdol = Slwsf qcknsowol 311kd do~swol FKlI7 gbwbknole)gboknbd niniw

FKlI7 ?$03e


19/25

Msgsd qc~jiool = Wbw~ozb Qc~koleolikcw~b

Kcwigc =

Q~izcgs~ = Wbknole zofzoko dcnbh fs~ole >11ke low~bsk ifzodow q$ role

zcncdsklro wcdoh gbfc~blefol qogo zshs ??1 hbleeo niniw wcwoq$ gol

do~swfol godok >31kd ob~, Woknohfol 5kd ozok zsd`ow q qolozfol

hbleeo zshs dcnbh fs~ole 51 gol fcksgbol woknohfol qc~dohol+dohol

do~swol FKlI7 go~b ns~cw zoknbd gbogsf hbleeo wc~mogb uo~lo kc~oh

ksgo qsjow role kolwoq zcdoko ?3 gcwbf, Zshs do~swol zcdoko wbw~ozb

wbgof fs~ole go~b 0 1, Hbwsle li~okodbwoz do~swol,

?kd FKlI7 1$?L zcwo~o gcleol 0511 ke low~bsk ifzodow

Fo~clo fodbsk qc~koleolowc ofol gb~cgsfzb mbfo filwof gcleol }ow

i~eolbf zcqc~wb fo~cw$ kofo zbkqoldoh godok uogoh wc~nsow go~b fojo

owos nohol dobl role blc~w, Mbfo ofol gbeslofol nofsfol fcknodb,

Uogoh gol qclrbkqolol godok niwid nc~uo~lo jifdw wc~wswsq ~oqow,

Qszwofo = @B Cg, BP Hod,?>?0

Odow gol nohol = Odow =

?, Dons C~dclkcrc~ 5, Wc~kikcwc~>, Lc~ojo olodrwbj 8, Dokqs zq~bwsz:, Fc~woz wbknole 2, Fofb wbeo7, Ncffc~ edozz ?1, Qbqcw3, Zwowb` ??, Fi~cf oqb0, ns~cw ?>, Wbzzsc


20/25

Nohol =

?, Low~bsk ifzodow >11 ke>, Osogczwbddowo >31 kd:, H>ZI7 5 kd7, FKlI7

Jo~o fc~mo = ?, Wbknole zofzoko >11ke Lo>JII role zcncdsklro wcdoh

gbfc~blefol qogo zshs ??1 hbleeo niniw wcwoq

>, Do~swfol godok >31kd ob~

:, Woknohfol 5kd ozok zsd`ow$ qolozfol hbleeo zshs 51

7, Fcksgbol woknohfol qc~dohol+dohol do~swol FKlI7 go~b s~cw$

gbogsf hbleeo wc~mogb uo~lo kc~oh ksgo qsjow kolwoq zcdoko ?3 gcwbf

Gowo gol qc~hbwsleol = ?, Gcpbozb wbknole zofzoko

>11 ?1# ; >11 1$?

; >1

Mogb$ gcpbozb wbknole zofzoko

?81ke>>1ke

>, Wbknole 51ke low~bsk ifzodow

Gcpbozb qclbknoleol ; 51 ?1#

; 51 1$?

; 5

Mogb gcpbozb wbknole zofzoko = 0:ke55ke low~bsk ifzodow

Li Nc~ow fc~woz ]ow Nc~ow fc~woz zbzo Nc~ow ]ow

?, 5>$8 ke 1$15 ke 5>$5: ke

1$15>8 e 1$11115 e 1$15>5: e

>, 53$7 ke 1$1> e 53$:8 ke

1$1537 e 1$1111> e 1$153:8 ke

Li Pidskc ouod Pidskc ofhb~ Pidskc wbw~ozb? , 1$1 kd ?1$3 kd ?1$3 kd

>, ?1$3 kd >?$5 kd ??$>3 kd


21/25

:, Kclehbwsle li~kodbwoz FKlI7

L? ; Niniw low~bsk ifzodow L FKLI7 qszwofo

Pid,Wbw~ol qszwofo low~bsk ifzodow

; 5>$5: ke 1$? L

?1$3 kd 0$5 ke

; 1$?1:: L

L> ; Niniw low~bsk ifzodow L FKLI7 qszwofo

Pid,Wbw~ol qszwofo low~bsk ifzodow

; 53$:8 ke 1$?L

??$>3 kd 0$5 ke

; 5$3:8

53$:5

; 1$?110 L

Li~kodbwoz ~owo+~owo ; L? L>

>

; 1$?1::L 1$?110L ; 1$>1:2 ; 1$?1?2L

> >

Fczbkqsdol = Li~kodbwoz do~swol wbwc~ FKlI7 ogodoh 1$?1?2L,


22/25

Msgsd qc~jinool = Qcknsowol OeLI:

Kcwigc = Kih~

Q~izcgs~ = @B Cg,BBB Hod,531

Qc~of lbw~ow 1$13L 6 1$?L

Wboq ?111$1 kd qc~of lbw~ow 1$13L kcleolgsle 8$723 OeLI:

Wboq ?111$1 kd qc~of lbw~ow 1$?L kcleolgsle ?0$22 e OeLI:

Qcknsowol$ do~swfol ?5$3 e qc~of lbw~ow q godok ob~ zcjsfsqlro hbleeo

?111$1 kd

Qcknofsol$ sfs~ zofzoko 71 kd$ cljc~fol gcleol ?11 kd ob~$ qolozfol,

Woknohfol ozok fdi~bgo cljc~ q qc~dohol+dohol zoknbd wc~sz kclc~sz

gbogsf hbleeo qc~of kcleclgoq zckqs~lo, Gbgbhfol howb+howb zcdoko 3

kclbw$ nbo~fol gbwckqow ecdoq hbleeo kcleclgoq zckqs~lo gol job~ol

gbowozlro nclble, Qblgohfol clgoqol zczckqs~lo kslefbl fcgodok f~sz

qclro~ble role wcdoh gbwo~o$ jsjb gcleol zcgbfbw ob~ role oeof gbozokfol

gcleol ozok lbw~ow q, fc~blefol clgoqol qogo zshs ??1 hbleeo niniw

wcwoq, Hbwsle likodbwoz do~swol, Zcdoko qclecljc~ol wc~dblgsle go~b

johoro,

@B Cg,BP Hod,?>?8

Qc~of lbw~ow

Wboq ?111 kd do~swol kcleolgsle ?0$22 e OeLI: (NK ?02$85"

Qcknsowol do~bwfol dcnbh fs~ole ?5$3 e qc~of lbw~ow q godok ?111 kd ob~

Qcknofsol wbknole zofzoko dcnbh fs~ole ?11 ke low~bsk fdi~bgo q$

role zcncdsklro wcdoh gbfc~blefol qogo zshs ??1 zcdoko > mok$ godokecdoz qbodo?31 kd$ do~swfol godok 3 kd ob~ gol woknohfol 3 kd ozok

ozcwow q$ 31 kd kcwholid q gol : wcwcz cizbl rdq, Ogsf gcleol qcleogsf

koelcwbf$ gol wbw~ozb gcleol do~swol qc~of lbw~ow, Hbwsle li~kodbwoz

do~swol,


23/25

Qszwofo = ?" @B Cg,BBB Hod,531

>" @B Cg,BP Hod, ?>?8


?, Lc~ojo olodbwbf ?, OeLI:>, Qbqcw >, Osogczwbddowo:, Dons wclwsfs~7, Ncffc~ edozz3, Ns~cw0, C~dclkcrc~

Jo~o fc~mo = ?, Wbknole OeLI: zcnolrof 8$53 e

>, Do~swfol godok 311 kd ob~ qogo ncffc~ edozz

:, Kozsffol fcgodok dons wclwsfs~

Qc~hbwsleol gol gowo = Slwsf ?111 kd ob~ gbqc~dsfol ?5$3 e OeLI:

Slwsf ?111 kd ob~ gbqc~dsfol =

311 ?5$3 e ; 8$53 e OeLI:

?111

Pidskc LoJd Nc~ow OeLI:

3 kd 8$201? e

L; U ; 8$201? ; 1$?137 L

NK 1$3 ?02$85 1$3

Fczbkqsdol = Slwsf qcknsowol 311 kd OeLI: role gbwbknole ogodoh 8$53 e

Li~kodbwoz do~swol 1$?137 L


24/25


25/25


?, C~dclkcrc~ ?, LoJd>, Fdck >, OeLI::, Ns~cw :, Osogczwbddowo7, Ecdoz qbodo3, Qbqcw

jurnal kimia tingkat 1

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