kuliah pptk

7/24/2019 KULIAH PPTK

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BAB I. PENGANTAR PERANCANGAN

SESI 1KONSEP DAN ANALISIS DARI PROSES

KIMIA

KULIAH 1


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INDUSTRI ????INDUSTRI = Kelompok usaha o!"a#$sas$p!o%uk&$' (a#" me#"has$lka# sua&u p!o%uk

Co#&oh ) $#%us&!$ sepa&u* I#%us&!$ k$m$a*$#%us&!$ pe!ho&ela#+e#u!u& UU No. , Tahu# 1- / &e#&a#"Pe!$#%us&!$a# $#%us&!$ a%alah ke"$a&a#eko#om$ (a#" me#"olah 0aha# me#&ah*0aha# 0aku* 0a!a#" se&e#"ah a%$*%a# a&au 0a!a#" a%$ me# a%$ 0a!a#"%e#"a# #$la$ (a#" le0$h &$#""$ u#&ukpe#""u#aa##(a* &e!masuk ke"$a&a#!a#2a#" 0a#"u# %a# pe!eka(asaa#$#%us&!$.


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BAHAN BAKU INDUSTRI

Baha# me#&ah a%alah semua 0aha# (a#"

%$%apa& %a!$ sum0e! %a(a alam %a# a&au(a#" %$pe!oleh %a!$ usaha ma#us$a u#&uk%$ma#'aa&ka# le0$h la# u&* m$sal#(a kapasu#&uk $#%us&!$ &eks&$l* 0a&u kapu! u#&uk$#%us&!$ seme#* 0$ $ 0es$ u#&uk $#%us&!$ 0es$%a# 0a aBaha# 0aku $#%us&!$ a%alah 0aha# me#&ah(a#" %$olah a&au &$%ak %$olah (a#" %apa&%$ma#'aa&ka# se0a"a$ sa!a#a p!o%uks$%alam $#%us&!$* m$sal#(a lem0a!a# 0es$a&au 0a a u#&uk $#%us&!$ p$pa* ka3a&*ko#s&!uks$ em0a&a#* se#"* &$a#" &elpo#*0e#a#" a%alah kapas (a#" &elah %$p$#&alu#&uk $#%us&!$ "a!me# 4&eks&$l5* m$#(akkelapa* 0aha# 0aku $#%us&!$ ma!"a!$#e


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BAHAN BAKU INDUSTRI

Ba!a#" se&e#"ah a%$ a%alah 0aha# me#&ah

a&au 0aha# 0aku (a#" &elah me#"alam$ sa&ua&au 0e0e!apa &ahap p!oses $#%us&!$ (a#"%apa& %$p!oses le0$h la# u& me# a%$ 0a!a#"

a%$* m$sal#(a ka$# %$0ua& u#&uk $#%us&!$paka$a#* ka(u olaha# u#&uk $#%us&!$ me0el%a# ke!&as u#&uk 0a!a#"60a!a#" 2e&aka#.Ba!a#" a%$ a%alah 0a!a#" has$l $#%us&!$(a#" su%ah s$ap paka$ u#&uk ko#sums$ akh$!a&aupu# s$ap paka$ se0a"a$ ala& p!o%uks$*m$sal#(a $#%us&!$ paka$a#* me0el* seme#*%a# 0aha# 0aka!.


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7AKT8R PENDUKUNG PE+BANGUNANINDUSTRI1. I#%o#es$a ka(a 0aha# me#&ah

9. :umlah &e#a"a ke! a &e!se%$a 2ukup 0a#(ak;. Te!se%$a pasa! %alam #e"e!$ (a#" 0a#(ak/. Ikl$m usaha (a#" me#"u#&u#"ka# u#&uk

o!$e#&as$ ke"$a&a# $#%us&!$,. Te!se%$a 0e!0a"a$ sa!a#a maupu#

p!asa!a#a u#&uk $#%us&!$s I#%o#es$a (a#"me#"u#&u#"ka#

-. Ke0$ aksa#aa# peme!$#&ah (a#"me#"u#&u#"ka#

1 . Te!se%$a sum0e! &e#a"a l$s&!$k (a#"2ukup


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7AKT8R PENGHA+BAT PE+BANGUNANINDUSTRI1. Pe#"uasaa# &ek#olo"$ mas$h pe!lu%$&$#"ka&ka#

9. +u&u 0a!a#" (a#" %$has$lka# mas$h kalah0e!sa$#" %e#"a# #e"a!a6#e"a!a la$#

;. P!omos$ %$ pasa! $#&e!#as$o#al mas$hsa#"a& se%$k$& %$lakuka#

/. :e#$s6 e#$s 0a!a#" &e!&e#&u 0aha#0aku#(a mas$h sa#"a& &e!"a#&u#" %e#"a##e"a!a la$#

,. Sa!a#a %a# p!asa!a#a (a#" %$0u&uhka#0elum me!a&a %$ selu!uh I#%o#es$a


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DA+PAK P8SITI7 PE+BANGUNANINDUSTRI1. Te!0uka#(a lapa#"a# ke! a

9. Te!pe#uh$#(a 0e!0a"a$ke0u&uha# mas(a!aka&;. Pe#%apa&a# kese ah&e!aa#mas(a!aka& me#$#"ka&/. +e#"hema& %e@$sa #e"a!a

,. +e#%o!o#" u#&uk 0e!>k$! ma u0a"$ mas(a!aka&


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DA+PAK NEGATI7PE+BANGUNAN INDUSTRI1. Te! a%$ pe#2ema!a#l$#"ku#"a#9. Ko#sume!$sme;. H$la#"#(a kep!$0a%$a#mas(a!aka&/. Te! a%$#(a pe!al$ha# ma&ape#2aha!$a#,. Te! a%$#(a u!0a#$sas$ %$ ko&a6ko&a


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1. Klasifkasi industriberdasarkan tenaga kerjaa. Industri rumah tangga * (a$&u $#%us&!$ (a#"me#""u#aka# &e#a"a ke! a ku!a#" %a!$ empa& o!a#".C$!$ $#%us&!$ $#$ mem$l$k$ mo%al (a#" sa#"a& &e!0a&as*&e#a"a ke! a 0e!asal %a!$ a#""o&a kelua!"a* %a# pem$l$ka&au pe#"elola $#%us&!$ 0$asa#(a kepala !umah &a#""a$&u se#%$!$ a&au a#""o&a kelua!"a#(a. Misalnya: industrianyaman, industri kerajinan, industri tempe/tahu, danindustri makanan ringan.

b. Industri kecil * (a$&u $#%us&!$ (a#" &e#a"a ke! a#(a0e! umlah sek$&a! , sampa$ 1- o!a#"* C$!$ $#%us&!$ ke2$la%alah mem$l$k$ mo%al (a#" !ela&$' ke2$l* &e#a"ake! a#(a 0e!asal %a!$ l$#"ku#"a# sek$&a! a&au mas$h a%ahu0u#"a# sau%a!a. Misalnya: industri genteng, industribatubata, dan industri pengolahan rotan.

c. Industri sedang * (a$&u $#%us&!$ (a#" me#""u#aka#&e#a"a ke! a sek$&a! 9 sampa$ -- o!a#". C$!$ $#%us&!$se%a#" a%alah mem$l$k$ mo%al (a#" 2ukup 0esa!*&e#a"a ke! a mem$l$k$ ke&e!amp$la# &e!&e#&u* %a#p$mp$#a# pe!usahaa# mem$l$k$ kemampua# ma#a e!$al&e!&e#&u.Misalnya: industri konveksi, industri bordir, danindustri keramik.

d. Industri besar * (a$&u $#%us&!$ %e#"a# umlah &e#a"ake! a le0$h %a!$ 1 o!a# . C$!$ $#%us&!$ 0esa! a%alah


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2. Klasifkasi industri berdasarkan l kasiunit usa!aa) Industri berorientasi pada pasar (market oriented

industry), (a$&u $#%us&!$ (a#" %$%$!$ka# me#%eka&$ %ae!ahpe!se0a!a# ko#sume#.

b) Industri berorientasi pada tenaga kerja (employmentoriented industry), (a$&u $#%us&!$ (a#" %$%$!$ka# me#%eka&$%ae!ah pemusa&a# pe#%u%uk* &e!u&ama %ae!ah (a#" mem$l$k$0a#(ak a#"ka&a# ke! a &e&ap$ ku!a#" pe#%$%$ka##(a.

c) Industri berorientasi pada pengolahan (supply orientedindustry), (a$&u $#%us&!$ (a#" %$%$!$ka# %eka& a&au %$&empa&pe#"olaha#. +$sal#(a) $#%us&!$ seme# %$ Pal$ma#a# C$!e0o#4%eka& %e#"a# 0a&u "amp$#"5* $#%us&!$ pupuk %$ Palem0a#"4%eka& %e#"a# sum0e! pospa& %a# amo#$ak5* %a# $#%us&!$ BB+%$ Balo#"a# I#%!ama(u 4%eka& %e#"a# k$la#" m$#(ak5.

d) Industri berorientasi pada bahan baku (raw orientedindustry), (a$&u $#%us&!$ (a#" %$%$!$ka# %$ &empa& &e!se%$a#(a0aha# 0aku. +$sal#(a) $#%us&!$ ko#@eks$ 0e!%eka&a# %e#"a#$#%us&!$ &eks&$l* $#%us&!$ pe#"ale#"a# $ka# 0e!%eka&a# %e#"a#pela0uha# lau&* %a# $#%us&!$ "ula 0e!%eka&a# laha# &e0u.

e) Industri yang tidak terikat oleh persyaratan yang lain(footloose industry) * (a$&u $#%us&!$ (a#" %$%$!$ka# &$%ak&e!$ka& oleh s(a!a&6s(a!a& %$ a&as. I#%us&!$ $#$ %apa& %$%$!$ka# %$ma#a sa a* ka!e#a 0aha# 0aku* &e#a"a ke! a* %a# pasa!#(asa#"a& luas se!&a %apa& %$&emuka# %$ ma#a sa a. +$sal#(a)$#%us&!$ elek&!o#$k* $#%us&!$ o&omo&$'* %a# $#%us&!$ &!a#spo!&as$.


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". Klasifkasi industri berdasarkan#r duksi $ang di!asilkana. Industri primer * (a$&u $#%us&!$ (a#"me#"has$lka# 0a!a#" a&au 0e#%a (a#"&$%ak pe!lu pe#"olaha# le0$h la# u&.Ba!a#" a&au 0e#%a (a#" %$has$lka#&e!se0u& %apa& %$#$kma&$ a&au %$"u#aka#se2a!a la#"su#". Misalnya: industrianyaman, industri konveksi, industrimakanan dan minuman.b. Industri sekunder * (a$&u $#%us&!$(a#" me#"has$lka# 0a!a#" a&au 0e#%a(a#" mem0u&uhka# pe#"olaha# le0$hla# u& se0elum %$#$kma&$ a&au %$"u#aka#.Misalnya: industri pemintalan benang,industri ban, industri baja, dan industritekstil.c. Industri tertier * (a$&u $#%us&!$ (a#"has$l#(a &$%ak 0e!upa 0a!a#" a&au 0e#%a(a#" %apa& %$#$kma&$ a&au %$"u#aka# 0a$kse2a!a la# su# mau u# &$%ak la# su#


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%. Klasifkasi industri berdasarkan ba!an&enta!

a. Industri pertanian * (a$&u $#%us&!$ (a#"

me#"olah 0aha# me#&ah (a#" %$pe!oleh %a!$has$l ke"$a&a# pe!&a#$a#. Misalnya: industriminyak goreng, Industri gula, industri kopi,industri teh, dan industri makanan.

b. Industri pertambangan * (a$&u $#%us&!$(a#" me#"olah 0aha# me#&ah (a#" 0e!asal%a!$ has$l pe!&am0a#"a#. Misalnya: industrisemen, industri baja, industri BBM (bahanbakar minyak bumi), dan industri serat sintetis.

c. Industri jasa * (a$&u $#%us&!$ (a#" me#"olah asa la(a#a# (a#" %apa& mempe!mu%ah %a#me!$#"a#ka# 0e0a# mas(a!aka& &e&ap$me#"u#&u#"ka#. Misalnya: industri perbankan,industri perdagangan, industri pariwisata,industri transportasi, industri seni dan hiburan.


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'. Klasifkasi industriberdasarkan barang $ang

di!asilkan

a. Industri berat * (a$&u$#%us&!$ (a#" me#"has$lka#

mes$#6mes$# a&au ala&p!o%uks$ la$##(a. Misalnya:industri alat alat berat,industri mesin, dan industri

per!etakan.b. Industri ringan * (a$&u$#%us&!$ (a#" me#"has$lka#

0a!a#" s$ap paka$ u#&uk%$ko#sums$. Misaln a:


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L8KASI PABRIK Pe!&$m0a#"a# u&ama %alam me#e#&uka#

al&e!#a&$' lokas$ $#%us&!$ (a$&u %$&eka#ka#pa%a biaya transportasi yang rendah .Pa%a p!$#s$p#(a 0e0e!apa &eo!$ lokas$&e!se0u& u#&uk mem0e!$ka# masuka# 0a"$

pe#e#&ua# l kasi #ti&u& * (a$&u l kasi$ang terbaik dan &enguntungkanse(ara ek n &i


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)!e r$ * industrial l (ati n +te ri l kasi industri, %a!$ Al*red -eber Teo!$ $#$ %$maksu%ka# u#&uk me#e#&uka# sua&u lokas$ $#%us&!$ %e#"a#mempe!&$m0a#"ka# !$s$ko 0$a(a a&au o#"kos (a#" pal$#" m$#$mum* %e#"a# asums$se0a"a$ 0e!$ku&)

1. $la(ah (a#" aka# %$ a%$ka# lokas$ $#%us&!$ mem$l$k$) topogra", iklim dan penduduknyarelati# homogen.

9. Sum0e! %a(a a&au 0aha# me#&ah (a#" %$0u&uhka# 2ukup mema%a$.;. Upah &e#a"a ke! a %$%asa!ka# pa%a ke&e#&ua# &e!&e#&u* sepe!&$ Upah +$#$mum

Re"$o#al 4U+R5./. Ha#(a a%a sa&u e#$s ala& &!a#spo!&as$.

,. B$a(a a#"ku& %$&e#&uka# 0e!%asa!ka# 0e0a# %a# a!ak a#"ku&.


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Pe!s(a!a&a# &e!se0u& $ka %$pe#uh$ maka &eo!$ lokas$ $#%us&!$%a!$ Al'!e% e0e! %apa& %$"u#aka#. -eber &enggunakantiga *akt r + ariabel #enentu, dala& analisiste rin$a/ $aitu titik &aterial/ titik k nsu&si/ dan titiktenaga kerja. Ke&$"a &$&$k 4'ak&o!5 $#$ %$uku! %e#"a#eku$@ale#s$ o#"kos &!a#spo!&. Be!%asa!ka# asums$ &e!se0u&%$ a&as* pe#""u#aa# &eo!$ e0e! &ampak sepe!&$ pa%a"am0a! 0e!$ku& $#$ )

4a5 405 425Se"$&$"a e0e! %alam me#e#&uka# lokas$ $#%us&!$4Sum0e!)Ilmu Pe#"e&ahua# Popule!* 9 5Ke&e!a#"a#)M 0 #asar

P 0 l kasi bia$a terenda!.R1 R2 0 ba!an baku


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1. INDUSTRI KI+IAI#%us&!$ p!oses k$m$a a%alah $#%us&!$(a#" me#"olah 0aha# 0aku 0aha#

me#&ah me# a%$ sua&u has$l p!o%uk%e#"a# mema#'aa&ka# p!oses6p!osesk$m$a. P!oses6p!oses k$m$a (a#"%$lakuka# %alam $#%us&!$ p!oses k$m$aa%alah !eaks$ k$m$a %a# pe!$s&$3a k$m$a>s$k

I#%us&!$ k$m$a me#2$p&aka# 0e!0a"a$p!o%uk (a#" a%a %$ sek$&a! k$&aBa#(ak p!o%uk %a!$ $#%us&!$ sepe!&$sa0u#* %e&e!"e#* pa!'um* %ll %$0el$la#"su#" oleh ko#sume#Sek$&a! p!o%uk (a#" %$has$lka#$#%us&!$ k$m$a %$"u#aka# oleh $#%us&!$la$# u#&uk me#"has$l p!o%uk (a#"0e!0e%aBaha# 0aku $#%us&!$ %apa&me#""u#aka# u%a!a* m$#e!al sampa$m$#(ak


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Apa (a#" %$p!o%uks$ oleh $#%us&!$ k$m$a ????

P!o%uk (a#" %$has$lka# %a!$

$#%us&!$ k$m$a %$0a"$ me# a%$ ;(a$&u )Bas$2 2hem$2alsSpe2$al$&( 2hem$2alsCo#sume! 2hem$2als


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a. asi( (!e&i(alBaha# k$m$a %asa!* %$p!o%uks$%alam umlah 0esa!* &e!u&ama%$ ual %alam $#%us&!$ k$m$a %a#$#%us&!$ la$##(a se0elum me# a%$p!o%uk u#&uk ko#sume# umumBas$2 2hem$2al &e!%$!$ %a!$ )

Baha# k$m$a %a!$ &u!u#a#m$#(ak (a#" %$se0u& %e#"a#pe&!ok$m$aPol(me!Bas$2 $#o"a#$2

Pe&!ok$m$a "!es$k

Cha#%!a As!$NSI


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a. asi( (!e&i(al

1. Amo#$a &e!0ua& %a!$ "as alam9. Be0e!apa amo#$a %$"u#aka# u#&uk mem0ua&

asam #$&!a&;. Amo#$a %a# asam #$&!a& (a#" %$"u#aka#

u#&uk mem0ua& pupuk* amo#$um #$&!a&/. Amo#$a u"a %$u0ah me# a%$ h$%!o"e# s$a#$%a.,. H$%!o"e# s$a#$%a %$"u#aka# %alam p!oses

u#&uk mem0ua& me&$l 96me&h(lp!ope#oa&e*mo#ome! ku#2$ u#&uk pem0ua&a# 0e!0a"a$pol$me! ak!$l$k


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Ammo#$aB!om$#eCal2$um 2a!0o#a&eChlo!$#e7luo!$#eH(%!o"e#H(%!o"e# 2hlo!$%e

H(%!o"e# uo!$%eH(%!o"e# pe!o $%eIo%$#e

N$&!$2 a2$%8 ("e#* #$&!o"e# a#% &he !a!e "asesPhospho!$2 a2$%Phospho!usSo%$um 2a!0o#a&eSo%$um h(%!o $%eSul'u!Sul'u!$2 a2$%

T$&a#$um %$o $%e

In rgani( asi( (!e&i(al
http://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/ammonia.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/bromine.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/calcium-carbonate.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/chlorine.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/fluorine.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/hydrogen.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/hydrogen-chloride.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/hydrogen-fluoride.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/hydrogen-peroxide.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/iodine.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/nitric-acid.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/oxygen.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/oxygen.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/phosphoric-acid.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/phosphorus.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/sodium-carbonate.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/sodium-hydroxide.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/sulfur.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/sulfuric-acid.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/titanium-dioxide.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/titanium-dioxide.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/sulfuric-acid.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/sulfur.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/sodium-hydroxide.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/sodium-carbonate.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/phosphorus.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/phosphoric-acid.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/oxygen.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/oxygen.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/nitric-acid.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/iodine.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/hydrogen-peroxide.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/hydrogen-fluoride.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/hydrogen-chloride.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/hydrogen.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/fluorine.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/chlorine.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/calcium-carbonate.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/bromine.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/ammonia.html


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Organi( asi( (!e&i(al

Be#Fe#e a#% me&h(l0e#Fe#esBu&a61*;6%$e#eEpo (e&ha#e 4E&h(le#e o $%e5E&ha#e61*96%$ol 4E&h(le#e "l(2ol5

E&ha#o$2 a2$% 4A2e&$2a2$%5E&ha#ol

E&he#e 4E&h(le#e5+e&ha#al 47o!mal%eh(%e5

+e&ha#ol+e&h(l &e!&$a!(60u&(l e&he!Phe#ol

P!opa#o#e 4A2e&o#e5P!ope#e 4P!op(le#e5U!ea
http://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/benzene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/benzene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/buta-13-diene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/epoxyethane.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/ethane-12diol.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/ethanoic-acid.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/ethanoic-acid.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/ethanol.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/ethene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/methanal.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/methanol.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/methyltbe.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/methyltbe.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/phenol.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/propanone.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/propene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/urea.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/urea.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/propene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/propanone.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/phenol.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/methyltbe.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/methyltbe.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/methanol.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/methanal.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/ethene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/ethanol.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/ethanoic-acid.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/ethanoic-acid.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/ethane-12diol.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/epoxyethane.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/buta-13-diene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/benzene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/benzene.html


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A++8NIA


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ETILENE

A (atal$ti( (ra(ker as used t#r du(e alkenes *r & gas il.


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BASIC CHE+ICAL 4P8L +ER5

Pol(am$%es Pol(2a!0o#a&es Pol(42hlo!oe&he#e 5 4Pol(@$#(l 2hlo!$%e5Pol(es&e!s Pol(4e&he#e 5 4Pol(e&h(le#e5

Pol(4me&h(l 96me&h(lp!ope#oa&e5 4Pol(me&h(lme&ha2!(la&e5Pol(4phe#(le&he#e 5 4Pol(s&(!e#e5Pol(4p!ope#e 5 4Pol(p!op(le#e5Pol(4p!ope#o$2 a2$%5 4Pol(a2!(l$2 a2$%5Pol(4p!ope#o#$&!$le 5 4Pol(a2!(lo#$&!$le5Pol(4&e&!a uo!oe&he#e 5 4Pol(&e&!a uo!oe&h(le#e5 Pol(u!e&ha#es S$l$2o#es
http://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polyamides.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polycarbonates.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polychloroethene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polychloroethene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polyesters.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polyethene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polyethene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polymethyl.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polyphenylethene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polyphenylethene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polypropene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polypropene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polypropenoic-acid.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polypropenoic-acid.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polypropenonitrile.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polypropenonitrile.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polytetrafluoroethene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polytetrafluoroethene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polyurethane.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/silicones.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/silicones.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polyurethane.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polytetrafluoroethene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polytetrafluoroethene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polytetrafluoroethene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polypropenonitrile.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polypropenonitrile.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polypropenonitrile.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polypropenoic-acid.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polypropenoic-acid.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polypropenoic-acid.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polypropene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polypropene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polypropene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polyphenylethene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polyphenylethene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polyphenylethene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polymethyl.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polyethene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polyethene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polyethene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polyesters.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polychloroethene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polychloroethene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polychloroethene.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polycarbonates.htmlhttp://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polyamides.html


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# l$+(!l r et!ene, +# l$ in$l (!l ride,Pol(42hlo!oe&he#e5 %$"u#aka# u#&uk

0a#"u#a# %a# ko#s&!uks$ sepe!&$ ) e#%ela%a# p$#&u


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Pol(p!op$le#e

Pol(4p!ope#e5 $s p!o2esse% $#&o>lm* 'o! pa2ka"$#" a#% $#&o>0!es 'o! 2a!pe&s a#% 2lo&h$#".I& $s also use% 'o! $# e2&$o#moul%e% a!&$2les !a#"$#" '!om2a! 0umpe!s &o 3ash$#" up0o3ls* a#% 2a# 0e e &!u%e%

$#&o p$pe


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b. S#e(ialit$ (!e&i(als

Spe2$al$&( 2hem$2al a%alahp!o%uk k$m$a &e!&e#&u (a#"

me#(e%$aka# e'ek (a#" 0esa!pa%a $#%us&!$ la$##(a.Co#&oh spe2$al$&( 2hem$2ala%alah * 0aha# k$m$a pe!&a#$a#*0aha# pem0e!s$h* a%$&$'kosme&$k* 0aha# k$m$ako#s&!uks$* elas&ome!* !asa*a%$&$' maka#a#* 3e3a#"$a#* "as$#%us&!$* pelumas* pol$me!*su!'ak&a#* %a# pem0a#&u &eks&$lSek&o! $#%us&!$ la$##(a sepe!&$

mo0$l* ae!ospa2e* maka#a#*kosme&$k* pe!&a#$a#*ma#u'ak&u!* $#%us&!$ &eks&$lsa#"a& &e!"a#&u#" pa%a p!o%uk&e!se0u&


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PE ARNA 4SPECIALIT CHE+ICAL5Pe3a!#a 0a#(ak %$"u#aka# $#%us&!$ 6 u#&uk

3a!#a paka$a#* 2a&* plas&$k* 'o&o* s$%$k a!$* %a#ke!am$k.Pe3a!#a %apa& 0e!upa pe3a!#a a&au p$"me#.Pe3a!#a a%alah se#(a3a o!"a#$k 0e!3a!#a

la!u& (a#" 0$asa#(a %$&e!apka# pa%a &eks&$l %a!$la!u&a# %alam a$!. +e!eka %$!a#2a#" u#&uk$ka&a# kua& %e#"a# molekul pol$me! (a#"mem0e#&uk se!a& &eks&$l.P$"me# me!upaka# se#(a3a la!u& (a#"%$"u#aka# %alam 2a&* &$#&a 2e&ak* ke!am$k %a#plas&$k. Ke0a#(aka# p$"me# (a#" %$"u#aka#

u"a se#(a3a o!"a#$k


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A4AN KIMIA 5N)5K PERLIND5N6AN )ANAMAN

Baha# k$m$a (a#" %$"u#aka#u#&uk mel$#%u#"$ &a#ama#me!upaka# salah sa&u hal&e!pe#&$#" %alamke"$a&a#$#%us&!$ k$m$a. Te!%apa& &$"a

e#$s 0aha# k$m$a u#&ukpe!l$#%u#"a# &a#ama# )

He!0$s$%a) Fa& (a#"mem0u#uh a&au me#"ham0a&pe!&um0uha# &a#ama# (a#"&$%ak %$$#"$#ka# 4"ulma5I#sek&$s$%a) Fa& (a#"

mem0u#uh hama a!&h!opo%a*se!a# a %a# &u# au


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2. Co#sume! 2hem$2al

Co#sume! 2hem$2al a%alah p!o%uk 0aha#k$m$a (a#" %$ ual la#"su#" ke ko#sume#.Co#&oh 0aha# k$m$a (a#" &e!masuk %alam2o#sume! 2hem$2al a%alah ) %e&e!"e#*sa0u#* %a# la$#6la$#


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Sa0u# 4Co#sume! 2hem$2al5Lemak %a# m$#(ak (a#" %$pa#aska#

%e#"a# alkal$* 0$asa#(a #a&!$um h$%!oks$%a*%a# es&e! (a#" %$h$%!ol$s$s u#&ukmem0e#&uk "a!am #a&!$um %a!$ asamka!0oks$la& %a# alkohol* p!opa#a61*9*;6&!$ol

4"l$se!ol5


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9. TEKN8L8GI KI+IA

)ekn l gi industri a%alah pe#""u#aa# $lmu &ek#$k %a#&ek#olo"$ ma#u'ak&u! u#&uk me# a%$ka# p!o%uks$ le0$h2epa&* le0$h se%e!ha#a* %a# le0$h e>s$e#.Semak$# ke&a(a pe!sa$#"a# a#&a! $#%us&!$ %$ %u#$a melalu$pe!kem0a#"a# &ek#olo"$ &e!#(a&a s$s&em pe!eko#om$a#%u#$apu# me#"alam$ pe!"ese!a# me#u u &e!0e#&uk#@as$s&em eko#om$ "lo0alGlo0al$sas$ s$s&em pe!eko#om$a# $#$ mau &$%ak mau aka#mem0e!$ka# %ampak &e!se#%$!$ %a!$ pe!kem0a#"a# $lmupe#"e&ahua# %a# &ek#olo"$ (a#p pesa& %a# 2a#""$hU#&uk me#"has$lka# p!o%uk (a#" kompe&$&$' %a!$ se"$ ha!"amu&u %a# 3ak&u pe#(e!aha# su%ah 0a!a#" &e#&up!o%use# $#%us&!$ pe!lu me#"uasa$ &ek#olo"$ (a#"%$0u&uhka# %e#"a# %uku#"a# 0e!0a"a$ 'as$l$&as l$&0a#" (a#"mema%a$ %a# &a#""uh
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknikhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknik


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PENGE+BANGAN TEKN8L8GI INDUSTRI

I#o@as$ &ek#olo"$ pa%a %e3asa $#$* me!upaka# has$l pe!pa%ua#%a!$ 0e!0a"a$ %$s$pl$# $lmu pe#"e&ahua#. Hamp$! &$%ak a%a&ek#olo"$ (a#" 0e!sum0e! ha#(a %a!$ sa&u %$s$pl$# $lmupe#"e&ahua# sa a. Da# $#$ mem0u&uhka# ke! a (a#" &eku# %a#ko#s$s&e# se!&a 0e!%$s$pl$# %a# &eam63o!k (a#" kuae"a!a6#e"a!a $#%us&!$ %$ %u#$a 0e!upa(a u#&uk me#"uasa$ %a#me#"em0a#"ka# &ek#olo"$ %e#"a# me#$#"ka&ka# ke"$a&a#pe#el$&$a# pe#"em0a#"a# 4!esea!2h %e@elopme#&5 %alam0$%a#" &ek#olo"$ ma#u'ak&u! 4ma#u'a2&u!$#" &e2h#olo"(5 %a#&ek#olo"$ p!o%uk 4p!o%u2& &e2h#olo"(5a%a umum#(a #e"a!a $#%us&!$ ma u me#empuh la#"kah $#$

%alam !a#"ka me#$#"ka&ka# %a(a sa$#" p!o%uk#(a a&au pal$#"&$%ak u#&uk mempe!&aha#ka# %a(a sa$#" p!o%uk#(a%$ memasuk$ pasa!a# $#&e!#as$o#al. 4&e2h#olo"( pushe% 6p!o%u2&$o#5


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Be0e!apa 2o#&oh &ek#olo"$ (a#"%$"u#aka# u#&uk p!oses k$m$a

KBR s #e3 PURI7IERplusJ ammo#$ap!o2ess 2om0$#es KRESJ a#% Pu!$>e!J&e2h#olo"$es $# o#e o3shee&


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Keu#&u#"a# ???+e#"u!a#"$ 0$a(a mo%al 6 +e#""a#&$ u#$& p!$ma!(!e'o!me! %e#"a# u#$& KRES %apa& me#(e%$aka#

h$#""a , pe!se# pe#"hema&a# 0$a(a mo%al. B$a(a mo%al (a#" s$"#$>ka# u"a %$3u u%ka#%e#"a# me#"h$la#"ka# pem$saha# u%a!a %a#'as$l$&as pu!"e "as !e2o@e!(+e#"u!a#"$ ke0u&uha# e#e!"$ 6 se%$k$& pem0aka!(a#" %$pe!luka# %alam hea&e!* seh$#""a suhup!oses (a#" le0$h !e#%ah. Pu!$>e! mem0e!$ka#

ko#@e!s$ (a#" le0$h &$#""$ %e#"a# $#e!& !e#%ah.+e#"u!a$ a!ea. Sek$&a! 9,6;, a!ea !e'o!m$#"(a#" le0$h ke2$l %$a0%$#"ka# %e#"a# p!osesko#@e#s$o#alPe#$#"ka&a# kea#%ala# %a# eks$0$l$&as Re'o!m$#" e 2ah#"e! le0$h ha#%al %$0a#%$#"ka#%e#"a# !e'o!m$#" ko#@e#s$o#al* %a# ko#&ol !as$oh$%!o"e# %a# #$&!o"e# le0$h se%e!ha#a %a# s&a0$lke&$ka masuk ke p!o%uks$Le0$h !amah l$#"ku#"a# 6 S$s&em me#"u!a#"$em$s$ C89 %a# N8 .

KBR p!op!$e&a!(2!(o"e#$2 pu!$>2a&$o#&e2h#olo"( !emo@esme&ha#e* a!"o# a#%e 2ess #$&!o"e# '!oms(#&hes$s "as

KRES Au&o&he!mal Re'o!me!4le'&5 a#% KRES E 2ha#"e!4!$"h&5 as $#s&alle% a& a#

ammo#$a pla#& $# B!$&$shColum0$a Ca#a%a


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4ald r ) #s e Pr (ess 7l 8 S!eet * A&& nia Pr du(ti n


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4ald r ) #s e Pr (ess 7l 8 S!eet * A&& nia Pr du(ti n

Keu#&u#"a# %a!$ p!oses $#$ a%alah)

1. keu&uha##(a#(a 0esa!* %es$"#@o#@e!&e! se%e!ha#a %e#"a# &eka#a#&$#""$ %a# @olume ke2$l.9. Pe#"hapusa# pe#uka! pa#as (a#"mahal %$pe!luka# %alam p!oses%$ope!as$ka# pa%a &eka#a# !e#%ah.

;. Pe#"h$la#"a# amo#$a %e#"a# a$!pe#%$#"$# sa a.

Te!ha%ap $#$ a%alah kelemaha#)1. 2o#@e!&e! l$'e &$me6#(a le0$h s$#"ka&.9. pemel$ha!aa# (a#" &$#""$ %e#"a#&eka#a# &$#""$;. E>s$e#s$ %$ sek$&a! 9 %a!$ make up"as* (a#" 0elum &e!ko#@e!s$


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4ald r ) #s e Pr (ess 7l 8S!eet * A&& nia Pr du(ti nKeu#&u#"a# %a!$ p!oses $#$ a%alah)

1. Besa! kekompaka#* kese%e!ha#aa# %alam hal %esa$#ko#@e!&e! "as se ak &eka#a# %$ 0a3ah &$#""$ mem$l$k$@olume (a#" le0$h ke2$l.9. Pe#"hapusa# pe#uka! pa#as (a#" mahal %$pe!luka#

%alam p!oses %$ope!as$ka# pa%a &eka#a# !e#%ah.;. Pe#"hapusa# amo#$a %e#"a# a$! pe#%$#"$# sa a.

Te!ha%ap $#$ a%alah kelemaha#)1. h$%up le0$h pe#%ek %a!$ ko#@e!&e!.

9. apa!a& &$#""$ pemel$ha!aa# %alam ope!as$ &eka#a#&$#""$.Loss ;. E>s$e#s$ %$ sek$&a! 9 %a!$ (a#" mem0e#&uk"as* (a#" 0elum 0e!&o0a&.


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)!e 5!de A&& nia Pr (esses


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Tu"as %$ kelas 4/, me#$&5 :elaska# pe!0e%aa# ; &ek#olo"$ (a#"%$"u#aka# u#&uk p!oses pem0ua&a#ammo#$aK$!$m le3a& ema$l ) a(a#u%$# u#$&!&a.a2.$%


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Tu"asBua& kelompok %e#"a# a#""o&a , o!a#"

:elaska# pe!0e%aa# ; &ek#olo"$ (a#"%$"u#aka# u#&uk p!oses pem0ua&a#ammo#$aCa!$ &ek#olo"$ (a#" %$"u#aka# %a!$ p!o%uk(a#" %$has$lka# pa0!$k a#(e!* me!ak*2$le"o#

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