n); }5 6. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ngPHP & MySQL b. Cc hng s c nh ngha trong PHP (Built-in Constants): h tr cho ngi lp trnh, PHP cung cp sn cc hng s nh : cc bin mi trng, cc bin ca Web server Apache ... Ngi lp trnh c th s dng hm phpinfo() xem cc gi tr ny. + Hng s nguyn : y l nhng gi tr c kiu integer. V d : 10 + Hng s thc: y l nhng gi tr c kiu double. V d : 10.00 + Hng k t : y l mt xu k t t trong du ngoc n hoc kp. V d : Ngn ng lp trnh PHP. 6 7. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ngPHP & MySQL 3. Bin v gi tr logic.+ Cng ging vi C/C++, PHP khng c khi nim TRUE v FALSE. Cc gi tr TRUE c hiu l nhng gi tr bng 1 v gi tr FALSE l nhng gi tr bng 0 hoc xu rng . + Khi s dng bin chng ta khng cn khai bo kiu . V d : $a = 1; // $a l mt bin kiu integer. $a = 1.2; // by gi $a l mt bin kiu double. $a = A ; // by gi $a li l mt bin kiu string.+ Nu nh thc hin php ton gia bin c kiu s v kiu string, PHP s coi chui l mt dy s nh sau : $str = 222B Baker Street; Ta thy bin $str c gi tr kiu string, v nu cng s 3 vi gi tr ny th : $x = 3 + $str ; // $x = 225khi bin $x nhn c gi tr 255 v PHP cng 3 vi ba s u. Nhng nu ta in gi tr ca bin $str th echo ($str);// print : 222B Baker Street Ch rng cc php ton gia s v chui ch ng khi k t u ca chui l s . + Ta cng c th lm thay i kiu gi tr ca mt bin bng cch p kiu $a = 11.2;// bin $a c kiu double $a = (int) $a;// by gi $a c kiu integer ,gi tr l 11 $a = (double) $a; // by gi $a li c kiu double, gi tr l 11.0 $b = (string) $a ; // bin $b c kiu string ,gi tr l 11Cng phi bit rng PHP t ng chuyn i kiu rt tt. Nu tht s cn thit chng ta mi phi dng cch trn.7 8. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ngPHP & MySQL+ Cc hm lm vic vi bingettype() : hm ny tr li kiu ca mt bin no . Gi tr tr v c th l : integer double string array object class unknown type v d : if (gettype($user_input) == integer) {$age = $user_input; } settype() : hm ny p kiu cho mt bin no . Nu thnh cng hm tr v gi tr 1 (true) ,ngc li l 0 (false). v du : $a = 7.5; settype($a, integer); if (settype($a, array)){echo (Conversion succeeded. ); }else{echo (Conversion error. ); } isset() v unset() : Hm isset() kim tra mt bin c gn gi tr hay cha, hm unset() s gii phng b nh cho mt bin no . v d :8 9. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ng PHP & MySQL$id = 323bb; if (isset($id)) {echo (D liu c gn); }else{echo (D liu cha c gn); }unset($id);if(!isset($id)) { echo (D liu c gii phng); } empty() : Cng ging hm isset(), hm empty() s tr v gi tr 1 (true) nu mt bin l rng v ngc li 0 (false). i vi bin c kiu s gi tr bng 0 c coi l rng, bin kiu string c coi l rng nu xu l xu rng. v d:echo empty($new) ; // true$new = 1;echo empty($new);// false$new = ;echo empty($new);// true$new = 0;echo empty($new);// true$new = So 323;echo empty($new);// falseunset($new);echo empty($new);// true 9 10. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ng PHP & MySQL III. Cc ton t + Bng cc php ton s hcPhp ton ngha V d Gii thch +Php cng7+2 Thc hin php cng gia 7 v 2 : 9- Php tr 72Thc hin php tr gia 7 v 2 : 5* Php nhn7*2Thc hin php nhn gia 7 v 2 : 14/ Php chia7/2Thc hin php chia gia 7 v 2 : 3.5 %Chia d7%2 Thc hin php chia d gia 7 v 2 : 1Ta c th vit cc php ton ngn gn nh bng sau :Khi vitTng ng vi $h += $i$h = $h + $i $h -= $i$h = $h - $i $h *= $i$h = $h * $i $h /= $i$h = $h / $i $h %= $i$h = $h % $i+ Php gn :v d :$x = 1;$y = $x + 1;$length = $area / $width;10 11. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ngPHP & MySQL + Bng cc php ton quan hPhp nghaV d Gii thich ton== So snh bng$h == Kim tra $h v $i c bng nhau < So snh nh hn $ikhng> So snh ln hn $h < $i Kim tra $h c nh hn $i khng $i Kim tra $h c ln hn $i khng >= bng$h Kim tra $h c khc $i khng $i So snh khcKim tra $h c khc $i khng So snh khc$h != $i $h $i Cc php so snh thng dng kim tra iu kin trong cc cu lnh iu khin m ta s hc bi sau .+ Bng cc php ton logicPhp ton logic cng vi ton hng to thnh biu thc logic. Biu thclogic c th c gi tr l 1 (true) hoc 0 (false) .Ton hng a Ton hng b a && ba || b !a !b 1 11 1 0 0 1 00 1 0 1 0 10 1 1 0 0 00 0 1 1+ Cc php ton vi bin kiu string . 11 12. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ngPHP & MySQLTa s dng du . ghp hai bin kiu string vi nhau .v d : $first = Phineas; $last = Phop; $full = $first. . $last; // $full = Phineas Phop ; echo ($full); Ta c th ghp hai xu nh sau: echo ($last. s Bicycles);//print : Phops Bicycles c th chn mt bin vo trong hng c kiu string th tn bin phi trong du ng m ngoc nhn. echo (${last}s Bicycles);+ Cc php ton thao tc mc bit.Cc php ton thao tc mc bit tc ng ln tng bit ca ton hng .K hiu ngha & AND bit |OR bit ^ XOR bitBng cc php ton nh sau :&Kt qu| Kt qu ^ Kt qu1&1 11|1 11^101&0 01|0 11^010&1 00|1 10^110&0 00|0 00^00PHP cng h tr cc php dch phi v dch tri>> : dch phi> n lm cho cc bit trong $a b dch phi i n v tr. Tng t ta c php dch tri .12 13. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ng PHP & MySQLv d : 11 >> 2 = 2 ; v : 11 (1011) >> 2 2 (0010) + Cc php ton tng gim : - Php tng : php tng (ton t tng) tng gi tr ca ton hng ln mt n v. $a ++ : $a c s dng ri mi tng ++ $a : $a tng ri mi c s dng - Php gim : tng t nh php tng, khc l gi tr b gim i mt n v. $a -- : $a c s dng ri mi gim -- $a : $a gim ri mi c s dng v d : $a = 10; // $a bng 10 $b = $a++ ; // $a bng 11 nhng $b bng 10 $a = 10; // $a bng 10 $b = -- $a ; // $a bng 9 v $b bng 9 + Php ton iu kin. ? : Php ton iu kin cng vi ton hng to nn biu thc iu kin. Ta k hiu e1 ,e2, e3 l ba ton hng. Biu thc c dng : e1 ? e2 : e3 Nu e1 != 0 th gi tr ca biu thc iu kin l e2 Nu e1 == 0 th gi tr ca biu thc iu kin l e3 v d : tm max max = $a>$b ? a : b ;13 14. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ngPHP & MySQL+ Ton t sizeof (i tng) : Php ton sizeof cho bit kch thc (tnh bng byte ) nh m i tng chim trong b nh. i tng y c kiu l integer, double, string. v d : $a = 10; echo sizeof($a); //s in ra mn hnh l : 4 IV. Cc cu lnh iu khin 1. Lnh if_else : y l lnh r nhnh c iu kin .a. Dng 1 : if ( biu thc ) cu lnh;Cu lnh y tng ng vi mt khi lnh. Mt khi lnh c t trong du ngoc kp. ngha : + Nu biu thc khc khng ,th cu lnh c thc hin. + Nu biu thc bng khng, th cu lnh khng c thc hin b. Dng 2 : if ( biu thc )cu lnh 1; elsecu lnh 2; ngha : + Nu biu thc khc khng ,th cu lnh 1 c thc hin. + Nu biu thc bng khng, th cu lnh 2 c thc hin Ch : * Cu lnh 1 dng 2 l lnh if_else14 15. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ngPHP & MySQL + Nu lng else bng lng If th else thuc v If gn nht theo tng cp t trong ra ngoi.V d : $a = 10; $b = 10; $c = 3; $d = 3; $e = 12; $f = 8; if($a == $b) if($c == $d) if($e == $f) $max = $e; else $max = $f; else $max = $d; else $max = $b echo $max ; //printf max = 8+ Nu lng else t hn lng If th else thuc v If ngn nht theo tng cp t trong ra ngoi. V d : Tng ng vi : * Cu lnh 2 ca dng 2 l elseif : 15 16. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ngPHP & MySQLBt ngun t :C th vit li nh sau:if ( biu_thc1 ) if ( biu_thc1 ) cu_lnh 1;cu_lnh 1;elseelseif (biu_thc 2) if ( biu_thc 2 )cu_lnh 2;cu_lnh 2; elseif (biu_thc 3) elsecu_lnh 3;if ( biu_thc 3 ) ... cu_lnh 3;elseif (biu_thc i)...cu_lnh i;else ... if ( biu_thc i ) else cu_lnh i; cu_lnh n; ... elsecu_lnh n;Cu lnh elseif to ra lnh r nhnh c iu kin trong thchin 1 trong n cch khc nhau.- Nu biu_thc i khc khng (i = 1,..n-1) th thc hin cu lnh i . - Nu biu_thc i bng khng (i = 1, ..n-1) th cu lnh th n c thc hin.2. Cu lnh switch : switch (biu_thc n) {case n1: cu lnh 1; break;case n2: cu lnh 2; break;...case nn: cu lnh nn; [default: cu lnh] } 16 17. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ng PHP & MySQLCu lnh switch l cu lnh r nhnh c iu kin trong thc hin mt trong n ci r nhnh. +Nu biu_thc n = ni (i = 1, .. n) th cu lnh sau case ni c thc hin cho n khi gp lnh break hoc du ngoc } +Nu biu_thc n != mi ni (i = 1, .. n) m c nhnh Default th cc cu lnh sau Default c thc hin. V d :3. Cu lnh FOR: Dng lnh :for (biu_thc 1; biu_thc 2; biu_thc 3)cu lnh ;Lnh for l lnh to chu trnh c iu kin.Bc 1 : tnh biu_thc 1Bc 2 : tnh biu_thc 2 : Nu biu_thc 2 khc 0 th thc hin cu lnh v sang bc 3. 17 18. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ngPHP & MySQLNu biu_thc 2 bng 0 th kt thc vng for Bc 3 : tnh biu_thc 3 v quay li bc 2. + biu_thc 1, biu_thc 2, biu_thc 3 l cc thnh phn. Mi thnh phn c th gm nhiu biu thc. Khi mi biu thc c vit cch nhau mt du phy (,). +Cc biu thc c tnh ln lt t tri qua phi +Biu thc trong biu_thc 2 quyt nh thc hin thn ca for. V d :+C th vng mt bt k thnh phn no. Nu vng mt biu_thc 2 th cu lnh lun c thc hin. Mc d vng mt vn phi c du chm phy (;) V d : +Nu vng biu_thc 1 v biu_thc 3 th : for ( ; biu_thc 2 ; ) cau_lenh ; tng ng vi : while (biu_thc 2) cau_lenh ; 4. Cu lnh WHILEwhile (biu_thc)cu lnh ; 18 19. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ng PHP & MySQLLnh while l mt lnh to chu trnh c iu kin. iu kin thc hin c kim tra u chu trnh. Bc 1 : Tnh biu thc Nu biu thc khc khng, sang bc 2 Nu biu thc bng khng, kt thc vng while Bc 2 : Thc hin cu lnh. Quay li bc 1. Ch :+ Biu thc c th bao gm nhiu biu thc. Khi cc biu thc cvit cch nhau mt du phy ,v c tnh ln lt t tri qua phi. Biuthc cui cng quyt nh thc hin cu lnh. + Khng c php vng mt biu thc + to chu trnh v tn th while(1) {...if (biu_thc) break;... } V d : $i = 11; while (--$i) {if (my_function($i) == error) {break;}++ $number; }19 20. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ngPHP & MySQL5. Lnh DO ... WHILEDng lnh :do { cu lnh;}while (biu_thc); Lnh do ... while l lnh to chu trnh c iu kin, trong iu kin thc hin chu trnh c kim tra cui chu trnh. Hot ng : Bc 1 : Thc hin cu lnh Bc 2 : Tnh biu thc biu_thc+Nu biu thc biu_thc khc khng th quay li bc 1+Nu biu thc biu_thc bng khng th kt thc do ... while. V d : 6. Lnh breakL lnh r nhnh khng iu kin v thng dng ra khi thn ca switch, while, do ... while, for .20 21. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ng PHP & MySQLLnh break ch cho php thot khi thn cc lnh bn trong nht cha n. 7. Lnh continueL lnh r nhnh khng iu kin .Lnh thng dng bt u li mt chu trnh mi trong cc lnh for, while, do ... while m khng cn thc hin ht ton b thn ca ca lnh to chu trnh. 8. Khai bo tin x l include v require . s dng cc on m bn ngoi, chng ta c th s dng khai bo tin x l include v require. Cho php chng ta xy dng cc hm cc hng s, v bt k on m no sau c th chn vo cc on script. Require khc include l, n c th lm thay i ni dung ca trang hin ti khi bin dch, cc trang ny dng khai bo cc bin, cc hng s hay cc on m n gin khng c vng lp. Khi include cho php thc hin cc cu lnh phc tp c cu lnh to chu trnh. N ch s dng cc hm nh nhng hm ngoi ca chng trnh.V. Hm trong PHP1. Quy tc xy dng hmfunction tn_hm (danh sch i s hnh thc) {Thn hm .} + nh ngha hm khng nht thit phi nm ngoi thn mi hm, trong hm c th c hm khc. Nhng vic s dng mt hm khng khc nhau gia xy dng hm trong thn mt hm v ngoi mi hm . + Tn hm tu t v khc tn hm chun. + Hm c th c gi tr tr v hoc khng. + Cc cu lnh c quyn gi bt k hm no c khai bo v c nh ngha. 21 22. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ng PHP & MySQL+ Return : - Tr mt gi tr v cho ni gi hm - L ni bo kt thc hm 2. Gi hm .+ Hm phi c xy dng (khai bo) trc khi gi . + Khi gi hm, nu c gi tr tr v thng c t trong biu thc . 3. Bin ton c v bin cc b.Thng thng PHP coi cc bin c s dng trong thn ca hm l bin cc b. Ngha l bin trong thn hm khng lm thay i gi tr ca bin ngoi hm . Mun hm lm thay i gi tr ca bin ngoi ta cn khai bo global trc bin trong thn hm . V d : $position = m; function change_pos() {$position = s; } change_pos(); echo ($position);//Prints m Ta thy bin $position gi tr khng i sau khi gi hm change_pos(). $position = m; function change_pos() {global $position;$position = s; } change_pos(); echo ($position);//Prints s22 23. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ng PHP & MySQLTa c th vit nh trn hoc ta c th vit : $position = m; function change_pos() {GOLOBALS[$position] = s; } change_pos(); echo ($position); //Prints sVI. Bin mng trong PHP1. Mng mt chiuMng l mt bin bao gm nhiu phn t c cng tn nhng khc nhau v ch s (cc ch s ny tng dn t 0 n n). Vi ngn ng lp trnh C, cc phn t ca mng c cng kiu d liu ,nhng vi PHP th mm do hn. Cc phn t ca mng khng nht thit phi cng kiu. a. Khai bo mng mt chiu. Ta c th khai bo mng bng cch gn tn mng vi du ng m ngoc vung khng c ch s. Chng ta hy xt v d sau : $countries[] = cr; $countries[] = de; $countries[] = us; V d trn to ra mt mng gm ba phn t c ch s l 0, 1 v 2. Vic cng tng t nh ta gn : $countries[0] = cr; $countries[1] = de; $countries[2] = us; Ngoi ra cc ch s ca mng khng nht thit phi tng dn m c th c khai bo nh sau : $countries[50] = cr;23 24. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ngPHP & MySQL$countries[20] = de; $countries[10] = us; echo ($countries[20]); // prints de Khi thm mt phn t mi vo mng chng ta c th vit $countries[] = uk;// ch s s l 51 Mt phn t mi c thm vo vi ch s l ch s ln nht ca mng cng thm mt. Ngoi ra cng c th khai bo mng mt chiu bng cu lnh array $countries = array (cr, de, us) ; echo ($countries[2]);//prints us ch s khng bt u t khng ta c th khai bo li nh sau $countries = array (1 => cr, de, us); echo ($countries[2]); //prints de Ton t => c th c s dng trc bt k mt phn t no trong mng $countries = array (cr, 7 => de, us);v khi phn t c gi tr cr c ch s l 0 cn phn t c gi tr de, us ln lt l 7 v 8. Khc vi ngn ng lp trnh C, ch s ca mng mt chiu khng ch l cc s nguyn m cn l xu k t. Ta c th khai bo nh sau : $countries[ca] = Canada; $countries[cr] = Costa Rica; $countries[de] = Germany; $countries[uk] = United Kingdom; $countries[us] = United States; echo ($countries[ca]);// print Canada Nu dng array th s l : $countries = (ca => Canada,24 25. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ng PHP & MySQLcr => Costa Rica, de => Germany, uk => United Kingdom, us => United States);25 26. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ngPHP & MySQLb. Lm vic vi cc phn t ca mngC th s dng vng lp for xt tng phn t ca mng. $countries = array (cr, de, us); $num_elements = count($countries); for ($i = 0 ; $i < $num_elements ; $i ++) {echo ($countries[$i]
n); } V d trn s ng khi ch s ca cc phn t tng dn u. Nu ch s cc phn t khng theo mt th t no c ta c th s dng hm list() v each(). reset ($countries); while (list ($key, $value ) = each ($countries)) {echo (Ch s $key, gi tr $value); } di chuyn con tr ti phn t tip theo hoc trc ta cng c thdng hm next() - hm next() tr v l 1 (true) nu phn t tip theokhng phi l phn t cui cng, ngc li l 0 (false) v prev() - hmprev() cho gi tr tr v l 1 (true) nu phn t tip theo khng phi lphn t u tin, ngc li l 0 (false). Hm key () s cho bit ch s vhm current() s cho bit gi tr ca phn t . $arr = array (3, 4, 5, 6, 7); do {$k = key ($arr);$val = current ($arr);echo (Phn t $k = $val); }while 2. Mng hai chiuChng ta c th khai bo mng hai chiu nh sau : 26 27. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ng PHP & MySQL $countries = array (Europs => array (de, uk), North America => array (ca, cr, us));echo ($countries[Europs][1]);// print ukecho ($countries[North America][2]); // print usTa c cu trc ca mng trn nh sau : $countries[Europs]$countries[North America] [0] [1][0] [1][2]deukca crusCng ging nh mng mt chiu ta s dng vng lp nh for, while, do... while duyt qua cc phn t ca mng.V d :$countries = array (Europs => array (de, uk), North America => array (ca, cr, us));while (list ($key1) = each ($countries)) { echo ($key1 :
n); while (list ($key2, $val) = each($countries[$key1])) { echo ( - $val
n)}}Khi chy chng trnh s in ra mn hnh l :Europ :- de- ukNorth America :- ca- cr- us27 28. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ngPHP & MySQL3. Cc hm sp xp mng .PHP cung cp cho chng ta cc hm sp xp mng. Vi mi loi mng s c mt hm tng ng. Vi mng c ch s l kiu nguyn chng ta c hm sort() sp xp tng dn cc phn t ca mng, hm rsort() s sp xp cc phn t ca mng gim dn . $countries = array (us, uk, ca, cr, de); sort ($countries); while (list ($key, $val) = each ($countries)) {echo (Element $key equals $val
n); } Khi chy chng trnh s l : Element 0 equals ca Element 1 equals cr Element 2 equals de Element 3 equals uk Element 4 equals usVi mng ch s c kiu string th dng hm asort (), arsort () sp xp mng theo chiu tng dn v gim dn. Nu bn dng cc hm sort() v rsort() th cc ch s c kiu string s chuyn thnh cc ch s c kiu nguyn.$countries = array(us => United States, uk => United Kingdom, ca => Canada, cr => Costa Rica, de => Germany); asort ($countries); while (list($key, $val) = each($countries)) {echo Chi so $key bang $val
n; 28 29. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ngPHP & MySQL} Kt qu khi chy chng trnh : Chi so ca bang Canada Chi so cr bang Costa Rica Chi so de bang Germany Chi so uk bang United Kingdom Chi so us bang United States Nhng nu thay dng asort ($countries); bng sort ($countries); kt qu s l Chi so 0 bang Canada Chi so 1 bang Costa Rica Chi so 2 bang Germany Chi so 3 bang United Kingdom Chi so 4 bang United States sp xp mng tng dn hay gim dn theo ch s chng ta c hm ksort() tng dn v krsort() gim dn . $countries = array(e => United States, d => United Kingdom, c => Canada, b => Costa Rica, a => Germany); ksort ($countries); while (list($key, $val) = each($countries)) { echo Chi so $key bang $val
n; } Kt qu : Chi so a bang Germany 29 30. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ngPHP & MySQLChi so b bang Costa Rica Chi so c bang Canada Chi so d bang United Kingdom Chi so e bang United States VII. Lp trnh hng i tng (OOP)1. nh ngha lp .Chng ta c th nh ngha lp bng ton t class, v trong mi mt lp chng ta s xy dng cc phng thc v thuc tnh cho lp . Gi s mun nh ngha lp Sesssion chng ta lm nh sau : nh ngha thuc tnh cho lp chng ta t t kho var trc thuc tnh . Tip theo chng ta s nh ngha cc phng thc cho lp trn. Phng thc cn xy dng u tin l Session() sau n cc phng thc khc. 2. S dng lp c nh ngha. khai bo mt i tng c kiu thuc lp xy dng ta dng ton t new nh sau : Welcome to my website, >Next Page 32 33. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ng PHP & MySQL > VIII. Tm hiu thm v HTML Phn mt chng ta tm hiu s lc v ngn ng HTML. Trong mc ny chng ta s trnh by thm v n vi trng tm l FORM ca HTML. L do l v khi mun giao tip gia HTML v PHP script th khng th khng bit n FORM. FORM l cng c ph bin nht chuyn d liu t HTML n PHP script (client ln server). Thng thng, khi vit mt script, ngi ta thit k mt FORM sao cho n cung cp y nhng thng tin m script cn x l. 1. Cu trc ca mt FORMMt FORM c m u bng th v kt thc bng th .Trong FORM c :- Thuc tnh : FORM thng c ba thuc tnh, ba thuc tnh ny nm trong th FORM m u ca mt FORM : action, method, enctype . - Cc th c dng trong FORM : input, select, textarea, hn, p, hr, dir, dl, menu, ol, ul, address, blockquote, [isindex]. pre . - FORM c ba thnh phn chnh : textarea, select, input . - FORM c th c dng trong cc th : blockquote,body,dd, li. 2. Cc thuc tnhKhi to mt FORM ,cng vic u tin l xc nh thuc tnh ca n. - Thuc tnh action : Action=URL ch n script m FORM s dng. Ngoi ra n cng c th l mailto url, khi ni dung ca FORM c mail n a ch trong url .33 34. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ngPHP & MySQL- Thuc tnh method : Method c th c gn bng GET hoc POST ,n ch ra phng thc Post hay Get s c s dng trong FORM, gi tr ngm nh l Get.- Thuc tnh enctype : Enctype=Mime_type :ch ra loi d liu s gi i. Gi tr ngm nh l application/x-www-form-urlencode. Trong mt trang chng ta c th s dng nhiu FORM nhng khng c lng chng vo nhau. 2. Cc thnh phn c bn ca FORM.Mt FORM ,thng thng c ba thnh phn chnh : +Textarea +Select +Input a - Textareac bt u bng th v kt thc bng th . Bn trong cha cc k t, th ny c dng lng vo trong FORM. Cc thuc tnh ca Texterea . - Name : nh ngha tn ca thnh phn, thuc tnh ny lun lun phi c. - Rows : Cho bit s hng ca hp vn bn. - Cols : Cho bit s ct ca vn bn. Wrap : Ch ra cch x l word_wraping (cn chiu di ca dng vn bn theo kch thc ca hp vn bn) trong hp thoi. Nu wrap=off, chc nng word_wraping b cm. Nu wrap=vitual, chc nng ny c bt ln, khi g vn bn vo, ta thy con tr t ng xung hng mi khi n chy n bin ca hp vn bn, k t newline (OA hex) t ng c thm vo nhng khng c gi i cng FORM. Nu wrap=physical, chc nng ny cng c bt v hot ng nh trn nhng k t newline c gi i cng vi FORM. 34 35. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ngPHP & MySQLVn bn nm gia hai th v s c th hin nh on vn bn ngm nh trong vng d liu. V d:.. . Texterea > b. Selectc bt u bng th v kt thc bng th Select >, cp th ny c th lng trong FORM hay bt k thnh phn no ca FORM ngoi tr Texterea v Select . Select c cc thuc tnh sau : - Name : Tn ca thnh phn.- Size : Cho bit s thnh phn s hin th, gi tr ngm nh l 1, do danh sch la chn thng c th hin di dng pop-up menu. Thuc tnh ny c th khng c. - Multiple : Nu thuc tnh ny c thit lp, nhiu la chn s c chn cng mt lc, ngc li ch c chn mt item. Khi s dng Select, chng ta c th dng thm Option . .. .. .. Bn trong cha cc k t, c th c s dng lng vo Select . Cc thuc tnh Option :- Disable : nh mt la chn b cm. Khi hin th, chn la ny s b che m. - Selected : nh du chn la ny c chn, nu thuc tnh Multiple c bt trong Select, bn c th nh du Selected nhiu chn la cng lc. N dng nh du cc la chn ngm nh. - Value : Ch ra gi tr c gn cho la chn, nu khng c th ni dung ca th mc option s c gi i thay cho value. c. Input35 36. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ng PHP & MySQLM u bng th < Input >, th ny c th dng trong bt c thnh phn no khc ca FORM ngoi tr Texterea v Select. Cc thuc tnh :- Align : C th l mt trong ba gi tr top, middle, bottom dng cn l nh vi cc vn bn xung quanh, thuc tnh ny ch c ngha vi Type=image .- Name : gn tn bin cho d liu ca thnh phn ny. Gi tr ca thuc tnh do user la chn .- Type : nh ra mt trong nhng gi tr sau checkbox, hidden, image, password, radio, reset, submit, text, file, bottom .- Checked : ch ra mt nt radio, hay mt checkbox c c chn hay khng. - Maxlength : ch ra chiu di ti a m hp thoi vn bn c th cha, thuc tnh ny ch c ngha vi input c type=text hay type=password . - Size : ch ra kch thc thc s ca hp thoi vn bn. IX. Tm lc Nh vy, chng ta kho st hu ht cc chc nng c bn ca PHP, tcc kiu d liu, khai bo bin, hng, mng cho ti cch thc hinchng trnh dng My khch/My ch (Client/Server), v nhng ccon m PHP vo cc trang HTML .v.v. Nh trn chng ta trnh by, c s d liu cho trang Web l thnh phn khng th thiu, n ng vai tr quyt nh cho chng trnh. V l do , phn tip theo chng ta s kho st ngn ng SQL v cc hm API ca PHP thc hin cc lnh truy vn trn h qun tr c s d liu MySQL.X. Cc hm API trong PHP 1. Gii thiu v MySQL .PHP h tr mt s lng ln cc hm lm vic vi c s d liu nh Oracle, Sybase, PostgreSQL, MySQL. .. Thng qua chun ODBC (Open Database Connectivity), bng cch s dng cc hm API (Application 36 37. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ng PHP & MySQLProgramming Interface) m PHP c th lm vic c vi nhiu h qun tr c s d liu nh vy. Nu h qun tr c s d liu khng h tr ODBC ,v hn na ODBC c c im ch h tr dng chun th PHP c th lm vic vi ODBC tng trn. Nu khng mun s dng ODBC ta c th s dng cc hm API . Trong phn ny chng ta ch s dng cc hm API lm vic vi h qun tr c s d liu MySQL . 2. Cc hm c bn lm vic vi c s d liu MySQL.a) Cc hm kt ni n MySQL ServerPHP cung cp hai hm kt ni vi c s d liu MySQL : mysql_connect v mysql_pconnect . + mysql_connect () : hm ny s to ra mt lin kt ti my ch MySQL .C php : int mysql_connect (string [hostname [:port] [:/path_to_socket]], string [username], string [password]); Trong :- hostname : Tn my ch c s d liu, ni trang web s cha c s d liu. Gi tr ngm nh l localhost- :port : a ch cng, ni b my c s d liu lng nghe yu cu. Gi trngm nh l :3306 . - :/path_to_socket : Cng ging nh :port nhng ch cho h iu hnh UNIX. Gi tr ngm nh l :/tmp/mysql.sock .- username : Tn ca ngi s dng c php kt ni vo b my c s d liu.- password : Mt khu ca ngi s dng kt ni vo b my c s d liu.Hm ny tr v m s nhn dng nu kt ni thnh cng, gi tr 0 (false) nu vic kt ni c li. M s nhn dng ny s c s dng cho tt c cc yu cu ti b my c s d liu sau ny.37 38. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ng PHP & MySQLS kt ni ny s ng li khi gi hm mysql_close() hoc kt thc on PHP script.+ mysql_pconnect() : Hm ny to ra mt lin kt bn vng vi my ch MySQL.C php :int mysql_pconnect (string [hostname [:port] [:/path_to_socket]], string[username], string [password]); Tham s v gi tr tr v ca hm ny cng ging hm mysql_connect(). S khc bit gia hai hm ny l lin kt ti my ch MySQL khng b ng li k c khi kt thc kch bn (script) PHP hay gi hm mysql_close(). Mc ch ca hm ny l lun lun duy tr lin kt ti my ch MySQL do lun c s yu cu ti my ch, trnh cho my ch phi tm kim m s nhn dng mi t gim thi gian truy cp . Ch : hm ny ch thc hin c khi PHP c nh cu hnh nh l mt module ca Web server . + mysql_close() : Hm ny hu b s kt ni ti my ch MySQL . C php : int mysql_close(int [link_identifier]);Tham s link_identifier l m s nhn dng to ra bi hm mysql_connect(). Hm tr v l True nu thnh cng, ngc li l False . b) Cc hm thao tc trn CSDL + mysql_create_db() : Hm to c s d liuC php : int mysql_create_db(string name, int [link_identifier]) ;Trong : - string name : Tn ca c s d liu cn to.- int link_identifier : M s nhn dng c cp bi hm mysql_connect() .Chng ta hon ton c th gi cu lnh SQL to c s d liu thngqua hm mysql_query() .38 39. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ng PHP & MySQL+ mysql_drop_db() : Hm xo c s d liuC php : int mysql_drop_db(string name, int [link_identifier]); Trong : - string name : Tn ca c s d liu cn xo .- int link_identifier : M s nhn dng c cp bi hm mysql_connect() .Chng ta hon ton c th gi cu lnh SQL xo c s d liu thngqua hm mysql_query(). + mysql_select_db() : Hm cho c s d liu hot ng .C php : int mysql_select_db(string database_name, int [link_identifier]); Trong : - database_name : Tn ca c s d liu m sau ny cc hm API khc ca PHP s thc hin trn . - int link_identifier : M nhn dng c cp bi hm mysql_connect(). Cu lnh ny s gn tn c s d liu vi m nhn dng, sau ny khi lm vic vi link_identifier s bao gm c c s d liu c chn . c) Cc hm thao tc trn d liu + mysql_query() : Hm gi cu lnh SQL ti my ch MySQL . C php : int mysql_query(string query, [int link_identifier]) ; Trong : - string query : Cu lnh SQL cn gi ti my ch MySQL .- int link_identifier : M s nhn dng, n phi c thc hin trong hm mysql_select_db() trc . + mysql_db_query() : Hm gi cu lnh SQL ti my ch MySQL .C php : 39 40. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ngPHP & MySQL int mysql_db_query(string database, string query, int [link_identifier]); Trong : - string database : Tn c s d liu cu lnh SQL s thc hin trn . - string query : Cu lnh SQL cn thc hin . - link_identifier : M s nhn dng c cp bi hm mysql_connect()Hm ny ch r cu lnh c thc hin trn c s d liu no nn trc khng cn thc hin hm mysql_select_db(); +mysql_insert_id() : Hm ly gi tr c sinh ra t cu truy vn INSERT trc C php :int mysql_insert_id([link_identifier]) ; trong : int link_identifier : M s nhn dng c cp bi hm mysql_connect() . Hm ny tr v gi tr id c sinh ra trong ct AUTO_INCREMENT bi cu truy vn trc . iu ny ch c tc dng trn link_identifier c ch ra trong hm, nu gi hm trn m khng ch nh tham s link_identifier th lin kt c m cui cng s c ch nh. Hm mysql_insert_id() tr v gi tr 0 nu cu truy vn trc khng sinh ra mt gi tr AUTO_INCREMENT. Nu ta mun gi li gi tr cho ln sau, th phi gi hm ny ngay sau cu truy vn sinh ra gi tr .+ mysql_fetch_row() :Hm tr v mt mng l gi tr ca mt bng ghi hin ti vi ch s l s th t ca cc trng (ch s bt u t 0). Sau hm s tr ti bng ghi tip theo cho ti khi gp bng ghi cui cng hm tr v gi tr false. truy xut ti cc gi tr ca ct ta vit : tn_mng[s th t]C php : array mysql_fetch_row( int result_identifier); 40 41. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ng PHP & MySQLTrong : result_identifier l m s tr v ca hm mysql_query() hoc mysql_db_query() . V d : + mysql_fetch_array() : Hm tr v mt mng l gi tr ca mt bng ghi hin ti, sau hm s tr ti bng ghi tip theo cho ti khi gp bng ghi cui cng hm tr v gi tr false.C php : array mysql_fetch_array( int result_identifier [, int result_type] ); Trong : result_identifier l m s tr v ca hm mysql_query() hoc mysql_db_query() . truy xut n cc thnh phn ca ct : tn_bin_mng[tn_trng]; result_type l mt hng s c th nhn cc gi tr sau: -MYSQL_NUM : ch tr li mt mng cha cc ch s l s (ging nh hm mysql_fetch_row() ) -MYSQL_ASSOC: ch tr li mt mng lin kt 41 42. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ngPHP & MySQL -MYSQL_BOTH : tr li mng cha ng cc ch s gm c cc con s v ch s lin kt .Hm ny l s m rng ca hm mysql_fetch_row(). N cho php truy cp trng d liu ca mng kt qu khng ch thng qua cc ch s l cc s m chng c th l tn ca cc trng d liu. iu ny lm cho vic lp trnh n gin v chnh xc hn. V d: + mysql_fetch_object() : Hm tr v mt i tng l gi tr ca mt bng ghi hin thi. Sau hm s tr ti bng ghi tip theo cho ti khi gp bng ghi cui cng hm tr v gi tr false. truy xut ti cc gi tr ca ct ta vit tn_object->tn_ct .C php : object mysql_fetch_object(int result_identifier); Trong : result_identifier l m s tr v ca hm mysql_query() hoc mysql_db_query() . V d : 42 43. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ng PHP & MySQL +mysql_fetch_assoc() :ly v mt dng kt qu nh l mt mng lin kt . c php: array mysql_fetch_assoc(int result_identifier) Trong : result_identifier l m s tr v ca hm mysql_query() hoc mysql_db_query() . Hm tr v mt mng tng ng vi mt bn ghi c ly v v tr li FALSE nu khng c bn ghi no. Hm ny tng ng vi hm array mysql_fetch_array() vi tham s result_type l : MYSQL_ASSOC v d : 43 44. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ngPHP & MySQL+mysql_data_seek() Di chuyn con tr bn trong tp kt qu (c c sau khi cu truy vn SELECT c thc hin) C php: bool mysql_data_seek(int result_identifier, int row_number);Trong : result_identifier l m s tr v ca hm mysql_query(), mysql_db_query(), mysql_list_tables(), mysql_list_dbs() .row_number l ch s ca bn ghi m cn t con tr vo .Hm tr v true nu thnh cng, false nu li . Hm ny s di chuyn con tr bn trong tp kt qu (c ch r bi tham i result_identifier) n dng c m bng tham i row_number.Cc dng trong tp kt qu c bt u t 0V d: 44 45. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ngPHP & MySQL+ mysql_num_rows() :tr li s dng trong result_identifier (ni cha kt qu ca cu lnh SQL c thc hin) c php: mysql_num_rows(int result_identifier) ; Trong : result_identifier l m s tr v ca hm mysql_query(), mysql_db_query(), mysql_list_tables(), mysql_list_dbs() . +mysql_affected_rows() c php : int mysql_affected_rows(int [link_identifier]) ; Trong :int link_identifier l m s nhn dng, n phi c thc hin trong hm mysql_select_db() trc . Hm tr v s dng b tc ng bi mt cu truy vn SQL :INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE trc theo tham s link_identifier. Nu link_identifier khng c ch nh th m kt ni trc s c ch nh. Ch : - Nu cu lnh SQL trc l DELETE m khng c mnh WHERE th ton b cc bn ghi trong bng b xo nhng hm mysql_affected_rows() s tr v gin tr 0. -Hm ny khng c tc dng i vi cu lnh truy vn SELECT. ly c s dng tr v (s dng b tc ng) bi cu lnh SELECT ta dng hm mysql_num_rows(). +mysql_result() : ly d liu t result_identifier c php : mixed mysql_result(int result_identifier, int row, mixed [field]);Trong : result_identifier l m s tr v ca hm mysql_query(), mysql_db_query(), mysql_list_tables(), mysql_list_dbs() . row l bn ghi m ta s ly d liu field l trng trong dng row m ta s ly d liu . Cc tham s result_identifier v row phi c, cn tham field l ty chn. Hm s tr li cc ni dung ca dng row v ct field t tp kt qu c ch nh bi bin result_identifier. Nu i s field khng c ch nh r th trng tip theo ca bn ghi s c tr v . 45 46. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ng PHP & MySQLV d: +mysql_free_result() : Hm gii phng vng b nh c lin kt vi result_identifier . c php: mysql_free_result(int result_identifier) ;Trong : result_identifier l m s tr v ca hm mysql_query(), mysql_db_query(), mysql_list_tables(), mysql_list_dbs() .Hm ny ch c dng nu nh bn nh gi thy rng kch bn ca bn s dng qu nhiu b nh khi ang chy. Gi hm ny trn mt trnh x l kt qu s gii phng ton b d liu lin kt trong b nh . Ngoi ra cn cc hm khc: string mysql_tablename (int result_identifier, int i) Hm tr li tn ca bng/csdl ti ch s i trong result_identifier. string mysql_field_name (int result_identifier, int field_index) Hm tr li tn ca trng ti v tr field_index trong m result_identifier int mysql_list_dbs ([int link_identifier]) Hm tr li mt result_identifier l danh sch bin CSDL trn MySQL Server nu thnh cng, li tr v false . int mysql_list_tables (string database [, int link_identifier]) Hm tr v danh sch tt c cc bng trong mt CSDL MySQL, thnh cng tr v mt result identifier, gi tr false nu c li .46 47. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ngPHP & MySQL int mysql_list_fields (string database_name, string table_name [, int link_identifier]) Hm tr v thng tin lin quan n mt bng d liu. int mysql_num_fields (int result_identifier) Tr v s trng trong tp kt qu . int mysql_num_rows (int result_identifier) Tr v s bn ghi trong tp kt qu, hm ny ch c gi i vi cc cu lnh SELECT , ly li s bn ghi c tr li t cc lnh :INSERT, UPDATE hoc DELETE, dng mysql_affected_rows(). string mysql_field_type (int result_identifier, int field_index) Hm tr v kiu d liu ca trng ti v tr field_index trong m result_identifier . int mysql_field_len (int result_identifier, int field_offset) Hm tr v di ca trng c ch nh thng qua tham s field_offset . array mysql_fetch_lengths (int result_identifier) tr v mt mng tng ng vi cc di ca mi trng trong bn ghi c ly v bi hm mysql_fetch_row() hoc false nu c li. int mysql_errno ([int link_identifier]) Hm tr v m li t hm thao tc CSDL MySQL trc ,tr v gi tr 0 nu khng c li . string mysql_error ([int link_identifier]) Hm tr v xu thng bo li t hm thao tc CSDL MySQL trc, tr v xu rng nu khng c li . object mysql_fetch_field (int result_identifier [, int field_offset]) Ly thng tin v trng t tp kt qu ri tr li nh mt i tng. 47 48. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ng PHP & MySQLXI. Session v Cookie 1. Session l g ? HTTP l giao thc khng c xy dng theo cch c th lu gi c trng thi gia hai ln giao dch. Khi mt ngi dng yu cu truy nhp mt trang Web, ri sau ngi dng ny li tip tc yu cu truy nhp i vi trang Web khc th HTTP khng th bit c rng l hai yu cu t cng mt ngi dng. tng ca vic iu khin phin lm vic l c th lu vt ca mt ngi dng trong sut mt phin lm vic. Nu chng ta lm c iu ny th s d dng cung cp mt truy nhp cho ngi dng, t ta c th lu vt trng thi ca ngi dng v c th thc hin vic mua bn trn mng. Session trong PHP c iu khin bi mt gi tr ID duy nht gi l sessionID, gi tr ny s c t ng sinh ra v m ha. SessionID c sinh ra bi PHP v c lu tr pha client trong sut mt phin giao dch. N c th c lu tr trn cc Cookie my ngi dng hay truyn ln cc URL. SessionID c tc dng nh mt kho bn c th ng k nhng bin c bit gi l bin session. Ni dung ca nhng bin ny c cha trn Server. SessionID l nhng thng tin ch thy c pha client. Nu ti thi im no ca mt kt ni n trang Web ca bn, sessionID c th thy c trn cookie hay URL, bn c th truy nhp nhng bin session ch trn Server phin lm vic . 2) Cookie l g ? Cookie l nhng mu tin nh m trang script c th cha trn cc my khch (client). Bn c th thit lp mt cookie trn mt my ngi dng bng cch gi mt HTTP header c cha d liu theo dng sau: Set-Cookie:Name=VALUE;[expires=DATE;][path=PATH;] [domain=DOMAIN_NAME;][secure] cu lnh ny s to ra mt cookie c tn gi l NAME vi gi tr l VALUE. Trng expires s thit lp ngy m cookie s ht hiu lc, path v domain c th c s dng ch nh cc URL (ni m cookie s c gi i). T 48 49. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ng PHP & MySQL kho secure c ngha l cookie s khng gi i trn qu mt kt ni HTTP chun. Khi mt browser kt ni ti mt URL, trc tin n kim tra cc cookie c lu tr trn my. Nu c bt k mt cookie no c lin quan n a ch URL va c kt ni, chng s c truyn tr li cho server. 3) Thit lp cc cookie t PHP Ta c th thit lp cc cookie trong PHP bng cch s dng hm: int setcookie (string name [,string value [,int expire [,string path [,string domain [, int secure]]]]]);Nhng tham i ca hm tng ng vi nhng tham i ca Set-Cookie header trn. Nu ta thit lp cookie nh sau:setcookie ("TestCookie", "Test Value"); th khi ngi dng n thm trang k tip trong site ca ta (hoc reload trang hin ti) ta s phi truy nhp vo bin vi tn l "TestCookie" c cha gi tr l "Test Value", ta ch c th truy nhp ti n thng qua bin mng $HTTP_COOKIE_VARS [] ca PHP . Ta c th xo mt cookie bng cch gi li hm setcookie() vi tham i nh sau: tn ca cookie l tn ca cookie cn xo v khng c trng gi tr. 4) S dng kt hp cookie vi session i vi cookie c mt s vn sau y: Mt vi webrowser khng th truy cp c ti cc cookie (khng h tr cookie) v mt s ngi dng khng c cc cookie trn browser ca h. y l l do PHP s dng c hai cch thc :cookie v URL method. Khi s dng PHP session, ta s khng phi thit lp cc cookie, nhng hm session s lu gi nhng thng tin ny cho chng ta. xem ni dung ca cc cookie c thit lp bi session ta s dng hm: session_get_cookie_params(). Hm ny s tr v mt mng lin kt m cc phn t ca mng cha cc thng tin nh: lifetime, path, domain,.. .49 50. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ng PHP & MySQL thit lp cc tham s cho session cookie ta dng hm: void session_set_cookie_params (int lifetime [, string path [, string domain]])5) Lu gi sessionID PHP s s dng cc cookie mc nh cng vi session. Nu c th c, mt cookie s c thit lp cha SessionID. Mt cch s dng cc SessionID trn URL l dch PHP cng vi la chn enable-tran-sid. Cch na l ta c th a sessionID vo trong th link. SessionID c cha trong hng SID. lm c iu ny, ta thm vo cui th link hng SID dng n nh l phng thc GET. V d: > Hng SID lm vic c nh trn ch khi ta cu hnh PHP cng vi --enable-track-vars. 6) Thc thi nhng phin lm vic n gin. Nhng bc c bn ca vic s dng session: + Bt u mt Session + ng k nhng bin Session + S dng bin Session + Hu b bin Session v kt thc Session6.1 Bt u mt Session Cch n gin nht bt u mt Session l dng hm:Bool Session_start(); Hm ny s kim tra xem c mt Session ID no c to ra hay cha. Nu cha th n s to ra mt Session ID, cn nu tn ti mt Session ID th thc cht n ch ly ra nhng bin Session ta c th dng n. Hm tr v gi tr TRUE nu thnh cng ,ngc li tr v gi tr FALSE.50 51. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ngPHP & MySQLChng ta cng c th bt u mt Session bng cch cu hnh PHP n t ng bt u khi c ai thm trang Web ca ta. iu ny c th lm c nu ta chn session. auto_start trong file c:Windowsphp.ini Mt Session cng s c bt u khi ta ng k mt bin Session. 6.2 ng k nhng bin Session cho mt bin c th lu du thng tin t mt trang script ny sang trang script khc, ta cn phi ng k n bng cch gi hm: bool session_register(mixed VarName [,mixed...]); Vic ng k ny s lu tr tn bin v ghi gi tr ca bin cho n khi phin giao dch kt thc hoc khi ta hu b (deregister) vic ng k bin . V d: ng k bin $Var_name ta vit nh sau: $Var_name= 5; session_register(Var_name);// khng nn s dng k t $ trong ng k mt bin 6.3 S dng bin Session a mt bin Session vo trong phm vi m n c th c s dng, ta cn phi khi to mt Session bng mt trong nhng cch nu trn. Sau , ta c th truy cp c nhng bin ny. Nu ng k bin ny l ton cc bng cch s dng hm register_global(), th ta c th truy nhp bin bnh thng thng qua tn bin, v d : $Var_name ; Nu khng khai bo bin l ton cc th ta phi truy nhp nhng bin Session thng qua mng lin kt $HTTP_SESSION_VARS(Var_name); kim tra xem mt bin c ng k l bin Session hay cha ta dng hm: bool session_is_registered (string name); Hm ny tr v gi tr TRUE nu bin c ng k, ngc li tr v gi tr FALSE. Ta cng c th kim tra mt bin c l bin Session bng cch kim tra mng lin kt $HTTP_SESSION_VARS() v s tn ti ca bin. 51 52. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ngPHP & MySQL6.4 Hu b bin Session v kt thc Session Khi mun kt thc mt bin Session, ta c th hu b ng k ca bin bng hm : bool session_unregister (string name) ; Trong : name l tn bin ta mun hu ng k (tn ny khng cn c k t $) Hm tr v gi tr TRUE nu thnh cng ,ngc li tr v gi tr FALSE. Hm ny ch c th hu ng k ca mt bin Session ti mt thi im. hu tt c cc bin Session hin ti, ta dng hm: void session _unset ( ) ; kt thc mt Session ta dng hm:s bool session_destroy () ; Hm ny s xo i SessionID v hy tt c nhng d liu lin quan n Session ny. Hm tr v gi tr TRUE nu thnh cng, ngc li tr v gi tr FALSE. Ta nn hy tt c cc bin Session trc khi kt thc mt Session.52 53. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ng PHP & MySQLChng III : Phng php Fast Template trongPHPI. Cc k thut mu ph bin Cc mu c th c dng nu nh bn ang thc hin mt site thng xuyn s dng li cc thnh phn .Trong phm vi ca PHP ,cc mu y ni n HTML. Khng dng cc mu ,mt web site phc tp s c cu trc rt nng. gii quyt vn trn ,nhiu k thut mu tn ti, nhng c th hu ch trong mt s trng hp. Chng ta gii thiu qua mt s k thut c s dng thng xuyn .HTMLCode/structure Advantages Name HTMLDisadvantages Useful forDefinedmixedin PHPLeadsto unreadable Embedded Fastand scrips, noreuse of Quick and YesYes PHPeasyexisting code,hardto SmallscriptsmaintainFast and Separating easy, Leadsto unreadableWeb sites commonYesNoscripts, often hard with LOC < partsReuseof to maintain 1000certain pastsAbstractsHTMLcompletelyWeb sites FastTemplateNo Nofrom Complexwith LOC >coding, easy 1000to adapt tonew needs 53 54. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ng PHP & MySQLVic s dng cc mu trong cc trnh ng dng1. Embedded PHPChng ta c th nhng cc cu lnh PHP vo trong HTML. Mt v din hnh ca cch thc trn : powerspowers ii^i HTML >Phng php ny c dng kh ph bin vi nhng ngi bt uhc lp trnh PHP. Ti mt lc no ,nhng ngi mi lp trnh bngphng php nhng tin ti s thnh tho cc mc cao hn, nhng thtng tic, cch lp trnh ny li ngn cn iu .2. Separating common parts54 55. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ngPHP & MySQL Mc d k thut ny c s dng li cc m code/HTML v vic thay i cng d dng hn ,nhng n vn tha hng hu ht cc nhc im ca phng php PHP nhng . Cch lm thng thng l bt u vi cc HTML header v footer, chng c vit thnh cc hm. Cc hm ny c th c gi khi cn n chng v do linh hot hn khi s dng. S thay i cc hm s c phn nh trong tt c cc trng hp. Ta tch v d PHP nhng trn ra hai file . Tp prepend.inc cha hai hm :hin th mt HTML header v mt HTML footer . Tp main.php s dng tp prepend.inc55 56. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ng PHP & MySQLii^i3. FastTemplate Trong phn ny chng ta cng tm hiu v phng php thit kWeb trong PHP l FastTemplate. y l phng php hay, n c gnkm vi cc gi ng dng ca PHP, n c xy dng trong tp tin ctn class. FastTemplate.php .Mc ch ca phng php ny l gip cho chng trnh vit bng PHPc nhiu giao din khc nhau trn cng mt c s m, v lm gim khilng cng vic do chng trnh c tch ra lm hai phn : phn vitcc on m (code) v phn thit k giao din cho chng trnh. Phnvit cc on m s tnh ton d liu v th hin trn cc trang HTMLthng qua cc bin FastTemplate. Phn giao din s thit k giao dincho chng trnh bng ngn ng HTML. Trong phn ny chng ta c thlng vo trang HTML cc ngn ng nh Java Applet, JavaScript, ... chotrang web thm sinh ng. Vic thm vo trang HTML nhng on mny khng lm nh hng ti phn on m PHP. Khi , v tr notrn trang web cn th hin cc kt qu tnh ton t on m th s sdng cc bin FastTemplate th hin. 56 57. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ngPHP & MySQL II. Phng php FastTemplate1. Bin FastTemplateBin FastTemplate l g ?Cc bin FastTemplate c cu trc nh sau : {TEN_BIEN_FASTTEMPLATE}Bin c t trong du ng m ngoc nhn, tn bin gia, tn c thl ch hoa hoc ch thng. Tuy nhin trong phn on m PHP bncng phi vit ging nh vy. 2. V tr t bin FastTemplate Cc bin FastTemplatse c th t bt k u trong trang HTML. N c th l bin th hin thng tin trn cc trang HTML khi c browser hin th hoc cc bin s thm vo cc on m HTML . V d : ta t tn tp l : vidu_template.tpl {TITLE} {CONTENT} Trong v d trn c hai bin FastTemplate l {TITLE} v {CONTENT}. Bin {CONTENT} s th hin thng tin trn trang web khi c hin th, bin {TITLE} c thm vo nh mt thnh phn ca m HTML . 3. Mt v d minh ha Theo v d trn chng ta c tp vidu_template.tpl, by gi chng tai xy dng on script sau :57 58. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ngPHP & MySQL 4. Bn bc cho mt trang web .Trong mt script cn thc hin bn bc theo th t sau : Bc 1 : Khai bo mt i tng thuc lp FastTemplateBc 2 : Gn cc tp cha m HTML (tp ny c phn m rng khng nht thit l *.htm) cho cc phn t ca mng c nh ngha bi phng thc set_filenames() ( bc ny c gi l nh ngha mt bn cc tp FastTemplate ) . Bc 3 : Gn gi tr cho cc bin FastTemplate trong cc tp . Bc 4 : Cho hin trang web bng phng thc pparse(tn_trang_web) Ch : + Bc 2: Trong nh ngha mt bn cc tp FastTemplate c th nhiu tp c gn . + Bc 4: Mi ln gi phng thc pparse(); ch c mt tp FastTemplate. 58 59. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ngPHP & MySQL+ Cc bc 1,2,3,4 c th lp li nhiu ln . + Th t gi phng thc pparse(); l rt quan trng v n nh hng n cch th hin ca trang web. 5. Khi FastTemplateThng tin trn trang web c th c th hin di dng bng, vi s hng khng xc nh do FastTemplate c h tr khi FastTemplate. Khi FastTemplate s lp i lp li mt on HTML no khi c nh du khi. Xt v d sau : Hy thc hin php tnh 2a vi a = 1, ..., n. Kt qu c th hin bi mt bng gm hai ct, ct gi tr ca a v ct kt qu ca php tnh 2a. Chng ta to tp tinh_2_mu.htm Tinh 2 mu a

Gia tri a

Tinh 2

{block.GIATRI}

{block.KETQUA}

59 60. Ban ch o cntt ca c quan ng PHP & MySQL