makalah group project bio tanah uny

7/23/2019 Makalah Group Project Bio Tanah uny

1/13

MAKALAH GROUP PROJECT

OBSERVASI MESOFAUNA DAN MAKROFAUNA DENGAN

METODE PITTFAL TRAP DI LOKASI PEKARANGAN DAN TEPI

SUNGAI

Disusun Oleh :

Triana 13308141008

Di !urha"a#i 13308141031

$i%l%&i $

JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI

FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA

2015


2/13

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

A. Latar Bea!a"#Or&anis'e "an& hi(u) (ala' sua#u lin&*un&an 'asin&+'asin& 'e'ili*i *uali#as

%r&anis'e )en&huni (i se#ia) ha,i#a# "an& ,er,e(a- Tanah #ersusun a#as e')a# ,ahan

"ai#u 'ineral. ,ahan %r&ani*. air- /elain i#u u&a #er(a)a# lin&*un&an #anah "an&

'eru)a*an lin&*un&an "an& #er(iri (ari &a,un&an an#ara lin&*un&an a,i%#i* (an

lin&*un&an ,i%#i*- Ga,un&an (ari *e(ua lin&*un&an ini 'en&hasil*an sua#u ila"ah

"an& (a)a# (ia(i*an se,a&ai #e')a# #in&&al ,a&i ,e,era)a enis 'a*hlu* hi(u) se)er#i

'es% (an 'a*r%auna #anah- $ai* 'es%auna 'au)un 'a*r%auna #anah ,er)eran

)en#in& (ala' )r%ses+)r%ses e*%l%&is "an& #era(i (i (ala' #anah. se)er#i (e*%')%sisi.

si*lus unsur hara (an a&re&asi #anah-

Ke,era(aan %r&anis'e 2'es%auna (an 'a*r%auna #anah san&a# (i)en&aruhi %leh

a*#%r lin&*un&an. se)er#i suhu u(ara. suhu #anah (an )H #anah- Per,e(aan *%n(isi

lin&*un&an 'en"e,a,*an a(an"a )er,e(aan enis 'es%auna (an 'a*r%auna #anah

"an& 'en(%'inasin"a- Oleh *arena i#u. )ra*#i*an 'en&e#ahui se,era)a ,esar a*#%r

lin&*un&an 'e')en&aruhi *e,era(aan 'es%auna (an 'a*r%auna #anah-

Me#%(e "an& (i&una*an (ala' )ra*#i*u' ini a(alah 'e#%(e Pitfall trap "an&'eru)a*an 'e#%(e "an& u'u' (an san&a# se(erhana ser#a u*u) ee*#i (ala'

'en&e#ahui *e,era(aan 'a*r%auna #anah-

B. R$%$&a" Ma&aa'

1- $a&ai'ana ara 'en&a'a#i %r&anis'e hi(u) (ala' #anah. #er'asu* 'es%auna (an

'a*r%auna #anah (en&an 'e#%(e )i##all #ra)5

6- $a&ai'ana ara 'en&el%')%**an %r&anis'e 'es%auna (an 'a*r%auna #anah

(ala' area )en&a'a#an5

3- 7a*#%r+a*#%r a)a saa "an& (a)a# 'e')en&aruhi *eane*ara&a'an 'es%auna (an

'a*r%auna #anah5

(. T$)$a"

1- Men&e#ahui ,a&ai'ana ara )en&a'a#an %r&anis'e "an& hi(u) (ala' #anah.

*hususn"a 'es%auna (an 'a*r%auna #anah (en&an 'e#%(e )i##all #ra)-

6- Men&el%')%**an %r&anis'e #anah (ala' &%l%n&an 'es%auna (an 'a*r%auna

#anah (ala' area )en&a'a#an-

3- Da)a# 'enelas*an a*#%r+a*#%r "an& 'e')en&aruhi *eane*ara&a'an 'es%auna

(an 'a*r%auna #anah-


3/13

BAB II

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA


4/13

7auna #anah 'eru)a*an ,a&ian (ari e*%sis#e' #anah sehin&&a *ehi(u)ann"a san&a#

(i#en#u*an %leh a*#%r isi* (an *i'ia #anah ser#a lin&*un&an (i se*i#arn"a- 7a*#%r+a*#%r

"an& 'e')en&aruhi *e,era(aan %r&anis'e #anah (i hu#an. a(alah: 1 /#ru*#ur #anah

,er)en&aruh )a(a &era*an (an )ene#rasi 6 Kele',a,an #anah (an *an(un&an hara

,er)en&aruh #erha(a) )er*e',an&an (ala' (aur hi(u) 3 /uhu #anah 'e')en&aruhi

)ele#a*an #elur 4 Caha"a (an #a#a u(ara 'e')en&aruhi *e&ia#ann"a- 7auna #anah ,erea*si

e)a# #erha(a) )eru,ahan (i lin&*un&ann"a "an& (a#an& (ari #anah i#u sen(iri. a*#%r i*li'

a#au a*i,a# )en&%lahan #anah 2/uin 6003-

Me&*+a$"a Ta"a'

Mes%auna #anah 'eru)a*an salah sa#u %r&anis'e #anah "an& (a)a# 'e',eri*an

in%r'asi a#au ,i%in(i*a#%r 'en&enai *uali#as a#au *esu,uran #anah 2/u%n(%. 6006-

Mes%auna #anah 'eru)a*an hean #anah "an& 'e'ili*i u*uran #u,uh 100 9' sa')ai 6

'' se)er#i Collembola.Acarina.Enchytraida. (anRotifera.

Ke,era(aan 'es%auna #anah (i)en&aruhi %leh *e#erse(iaan ener&i (an su',er

'a*anan. (en&an *e#erse(iaan ener&i (an hara ,a&i 'es%auna #anah #erse,u#. 'a*a

)er*e',an&an (an a*#i;i#as 'es%auna #anah a*an ,erlan&sun& ,ai* (an #i',al ,ali*n"a

a*an 'e',eri*an (a')a* )%si#i ,a&i *esu,uran #anah 2Rah'aa#". 6004 Han(a"an#%.

600


5/13

#anah ,erun&si se,a&ai )en&hasil sen"aa+sen"aa %r&ani* #anah (ala' e*%sis#e' #anah-

Peranan ini 'eru)a*an nilai #a',ah (ari 'es%auna se,a&ai su,sis#e' *%nsu'en (an

su,sis#e' (e*%')%sisi- /e,a&ai su,sis#e' (e*%')%sisi. 'es%auna se,a&ai %r&anis'e

)er%',a* aal ,ahan 'a*anan. serasah. (an ,ahan %r&ani* lainn"a 2se)er#i *a"u (an a*ar

'en&*%nsu'si ,ahan+,ahan #erse,u# (en&an ara 'elu'a#*an (an 'en&un"ah ,ahan+,ahan

#erse,u#- Mes%auna #anah a*an 'elu'a# ,ahan (an 'ena')ur*an (en&an sisa+sisa ,ahan

%r&ani* lainn"a. sehin&&a 'ena(i ra&'en ,eru*uran *eil "an& sia) un#u* (i(e*%')%sisi

%leh 'i*r%,i% #anah 2Arie. 6001-

/elain i#u. ;e&e#asi (i a#as #anah ,er)en&aruh #erha(a) *eane*ara&a'an 'es%auna.

(an *e,era(aann"a u&a ,erhu,un&an (en&an *e,era(aan 'a*r%auna #anah (an )ara'e#er

isi* lin&*un&an- Hasil )eneli#ian Cah"an#% Mu*#i. (** 26004 )a(a ,er,a&ai #ana'an sela (i

hu#an sen&%n 2Paraserianthes falcataria 2L- !ilesen (i RPH Ja#ire% Ke(iri. 'enunu**an

,aha *eane*ara&a'an 'es%auna #anah #er#in&&i (i#e'u*an )a(a #e&a*an sen&%n u'ur 1+=

#ahun (en&an #ana'an sela )e)a"a (an nanas. se(an&*an "an& #eren(ah #er(a)a# )a(a

#e&a*an sen&%n u'ur 1+= #ahun (en&an #ana'an sela )e)a"a (an ru')u# &aah- Mes%auna

#anah (en&an 'a*r%auna )er'u*aan #anah 'enunu**an hu,un&an ne&a#i. se(an&*an

(en&an 'a*r%auna (ala' #anah 'enunu**an hu,un&an )%si#i. (an )ara'a#er lin&*un&an

"an& 'enunu**an *%relasi #er#in&&i (en&an 'es%auna #anah a(alah suhu #anah 2E*%sari.601=-

Ma!r*+a$"a Ta"a'

Ma*r%auna #anah 'eru)a*an *el%')%* hean+ hean ,esar 2auna > 6 ''

)en&huni #anah "an& 'eru)a*an ,a&ian (ari ,i%(i;ersi#as #anah "an& ,er)eran )en#in& (ala'

'e')er,ai*i sia# isi*. *i'ia (an ,i%l%&i #anah- Dala' (e*%')%sisi ,ahan %r&ani*.

'a*r%auna #anah le,ih ,an"a* ,er)eran (ala' )r%ses ra&'en#asi ser#a 'e',eri*an asili#as

lin&*un&an "an& ,ai* ,a&i )r%ses (e*%')%sisi le,ih lanu# "an& (ila*u*an %leh *el%')%*

'i*r%auna #anah ser#a ,er,a&ai enis ,a*#eri (an un&i- Peran 'a*r%auna lainn"a a(alah

(ala' )er%',a*an 'a#eri #u',uhan (an hean 'a#i. )en&an&*u#an 'a#eri %r&ani* (ari

)er'u*aan *e #anah. )er,ai*an s#ru*#ur #anah (an )r%ses )e',en#u*an #anah 2?ran. 1


6/13

,er)eran se,a&ai ha'a ,er,a&ai enis #ana'an ,u(i(a"a- Dina'i*a )%)ulasi ,er,a&ai enis

'a*r%auna #anah #er&an#un& )a(a a*#%r lin&*un&an "an& 'en(u*un&n"a. ,ai* ,eru)a

su',er 'a*anan. *%')e#i#%r. )re(a#%r 'au)un *ea(aan lin&*un&an isi*a+*i'ia 2?ran.

1


7/13

Har-ta"##a ,

/a!t$ ,

L*!a&- ,

B. Aat a" Ba'a"

(. La"#!a' !er)a

BAB IV

TABEL DAN PEMBAHASAN

A. Tae

a. Tae e"#a%ata" %e&*+a$"a a" %a!r*+a$"a - *!a&- e!ara"#a"

N* T-t-! *!a&- Na%a *r#a"-&%e )$%a' !etera"#a

"


"


"

. Tae e"#a%ata" %e&*+a$"a a" %a!r*+a$"a - *!a&- te- &$"#a-


8/13


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"

3. Tae ea+-! a" %-!r*!-%at-!

D-*!a&- e!ara"#a"

N* S$'$ $ara

4(

Kee%aa"

$ara

Te!&t$r

-at

Te!&t$r

a&-r

Te!&t$r

e$

D-*!a&- te- &$"#a-

N* S$'$ $ara

4(

Kee%aa"

$ara

Te!&t$r

-at

Te!&t$r

a&-r

Te!&t$r

e$

B. Pe%a'a&a"


9/13

Pra*#i*u' *ali ini 'eru)a*an )ra*#i*u' 'en&enai %,ser;asi (an i(en#ii*asi

%r&anis'e #anah- Dala' )ra*#i*u' ini a(a (ua *e&ia#an "an& (ila*u*an "ai#u %,ser;asi #anah

(en&an 'e#%(e sli(e )i##all #ra). %,ser;asi 'es%auna. (an %,ser;asi 'es%auna- Ke&ia#an

)ra*#i*u' "an& (ila*u*an )a(a #an&&al 1 n%;e',er 601= (i (ua l%*asi "an& ,er,e(a (ena&n

3B )en&ulan&an. #e)a#n"a l%*asi )e*aran&an (an (aerah #e)i sun&ai (ena&n ara* an#ar #i#i* =

'e#er-

Dala' )en&a',ilan sa')el 'en&&una*an 'e#%(e )i#all #ra) a#au )eran&*a) e,a*.

lan&*ah )er#a'a "an& (ila*u*an "ai#u )a(a se#ia) #i#i* sa')lin& (i#ana' ,%#%l a' a#au &elas

,e*as air 'ineral "an& #elah (iisi al*%h%l 0 se#in&&i *uran& le,ih 1' &elas #erse,u#.

*e'u(ian #e#es*na &liserin 3 #e#es un#u* 'ene&ah al*%h%l 'en&ua)- Ke'u(ian 'enana'

&elas #erse,u# hin&&a 'ulu# &elas se#in&&i )er'u*aan #anah- $iar*an sela'a 64 a'. (an

se#elah 64 a' *e'u(ian (i)eri*sa (an (ia',il auna #anah "an& #ere,a* (i(ala'n"a.

*e'u(ian 'en"i')an (ala' ,%#%l sa')el "an& su(ah (iisi al*%h%l 0 un#u* (ia'a#i a#au

(ii(en#ii*asi (i la,%ra#%riu'-

Un#u* sa')el auna "an& (i(a)a# 'elalui 'e#%(e )i#all #ra). i(en#ii*asi (ila*u*an

(en&an ,an#uan 'i*r%s*%) s#ere%- A*#i;i#as %r&anis'e #anah (i)en&aruhi %leh ,e,era)a

a*#%r (ian#aran"a a(alah i*li'. sia# #anah. (an ;e&e#asi- Ke,era(aan 'es%auna #anah

(i)en&aruhi %leh *e#erse(iaan ener&i (an su',er 'a*anan un#u* *elan&sun&an hi(u)-

Pa(a l%*asi )e*aran&an #er(a)a# ,er,a&ai %r&anis'e #anah (ian#aran"a se'u# 'erah

*eil. se'u# hi#a' *eil. *u#u *eil. ula# ,ulu *eil. n"a'u*. seenis *e%a #anah. #%'a#.

lar;a lar%n. an&*i* #anah. (an *ela,an& . ser#a #er(a)a# 6 seran&&a "an& (i(u&a 'eru)a*an

'es%auna "an& ,er)eran se,a&ai (e*%')%sisi. "an& 'eru)a*an )er%',a* aal ,ahan

'a*anan. seresah (an ,ahan %r&ani* lainn"a 2se)er#i *a"u (an a*ar. 'ere*a 'en&*%nsu'si

,ahan+,ahan #erse,u# (an *e'u(ian a*an 'elu'a# ,ahan ser#a 'ena')ur*an (en&an sisa+

sisa ,ahan %r&ani* lainn"a. sehin&&a 'ena(i ra&'en ,eru*uran *eil "an& sia) un#u*

(i(e*%')%sisi %leh 'i*r%,a #anah 2Han(a"an#%.1


10/13

'es%auna (an 'a*r%auna (ala' #anah #er&an#un& )a(a *e#erse(iaan ener&i (an su',er

'a*anan un#u* 'elan&sun&*an hi(u)n"a. se)er#i ,ahan %r&ani* (an ,i%'assa hi(u) "an&

se'uan"a ,er*ai#an (en&an aliran si*lus *ar,%n (ala' #anah- Den&an *e#erse(iaan ener&i

(an hara ,a&i 'es%auna (an 'a*r%auna #anah #erse,u#. 'a*a )er*e',an&an (an a*#i;i#as

%r&anis'e #anah a*an ,erlan&sun& ,ai* (an #i',al ,ali*n"a a*an 'e',eri*an (a')a* )%si#i

,a&i *esu,uran #anah- Ji*a (iliha# (ari enis enis "an& (i#e'u*an (i l%*asi. *e,era(aan

'es%auna (an 'a*r%auna #anah (i l%*asi )e*aran&an (an l%*asi #e)i sun&ai "an&

,erane*ara&a'an- Hal ini (ise,a,*an *e#erse(iaan su',er 'a*anan se,a&ai ener&i ,a&i

'es%auna (an 'a*r%auna #anah san&a# ,erli')ah-

/elain a*#%r ,i%#i*. a*#%r a,i%#i* (ala' l%*asi ini u&a 'en(u*un& *ehi(u)an

'es%auna (an 'a*r%auna "an& #er(a)a# (i (ala' #anah- ?ni (i#an(a*an (en&an *%n(isi

a,i%#i* (aerah )e*aran&an ,er(asar*an )en&u*uran e(ai* (an 'i*r%*l'a#i* "ai#u suhu u(ara

310C . *ele',a)an u(ara 0. #e*s#ur #anah 30 lia#. =0 )asir (an 60 (e,u. s#ru*#ur

#anah . (an arna #anah %*la#- K%n(isi ini #era(i *arena (i)en&aruhi %leh luasn"a

(aerah )enu#u)an a*i,a# u*uran #au* (ari )%h%n+)%h%n ,esar "an& a(a (i )e*aran&an ini.

sehin&&a #e')a#n"a #ernaun&i %leh )%h%n+)%h%n ,esar "an& #er(a)a# (i (ala'n"a- Ja(i nilai

*ele',a)an u(ara 0 'enunu**an ,aha u(ara se*i#ar area "an& le',a, 'en&a*i,a#*an

#anah "an& #ernaun&i %leh )eh%n+)%h%n ,esar (an *uran&n"a sinar 'a#ahari "an&'en"e,a,*an #in&*a# )en&ua)an "an& ren(ah. (en&an *%n(isi #erse,u# *e'un&*inan

*ele',a,an #anah (i )e*aran&an ini u&a san&a# le',a,-

/e(an&*an *%n(isi a,i%#i* (aerah #e)i sun&ai ,er(asar*an )en&u*uran e(ai* (a

'i*r%*li'a#i* "ai#u suhu u(ara 300C. *ele',a,an u(ara 80. #e*s#ur #anah lia# =0. )asir

3=. (an (e,u 1=. arna #anah %*la# *ehi#a'an- K%n(isi e(ai* ana#ara l%*asi )e*aran&an

(en&an l%*asi #e)i sun&ai 'e'an& #i(a* auh ,er,e(a han"a arna #anah (i #e)i sun&ai le,ih

)e*a# (an *eliha#an hi#a' (ari)a(a arna #anah (i )e*aran&an. hal ini (ise,a,*an *arena

#i(a* #erlalu ,an"a* )e)%h%nan "an& 'enu#u)i luasn"a (aerah )enu#u)an. ser#a #anah (i#e)i

sun&ai le,ih ,an"a* 'en&an(un& )asir-

Dari hasil )en&a'a#an #erse,u# i*a (i*ai#*an (en&an a*#%r a,i%#i*n"a (a)a#

(i*e#ahui ,aha a(a hu,un&an "an& san&a# rele;an "ai#u ,er'ula (ari )en&a'a#an arna

#anah- Farna #anah a(alah *ara*#eris#i* #anah. "an& ,er&una se,a&ai )enunu* *uali#as #anah

seara se)in#as- Farna #anah #er&an#un& )a(a ,ahan in(u* (an hasil )r%ses )e',en#u*an

#anah- Pa(a *ea(aan #er#en#u arna #anah i*u# 'e')en&aruhi #e')era#ur #anah- ariasi arna


11/13

#anah san&a# #er&an#un& )a(a *a(ar %r&ani* #anah - $ila )enen#uan *a(ar %r&ani* #anah seara

#e)a# suli# (ila*u*an. 'a*a serin& *a(ar %r&ani* #anah (i)er*ira*an ,er(asar*an in(e*s arna

#anah- Tanah "an& *a(ar %r&ani*n"a #in&&i le,ih &ela) arnan"a (i,an(in&*an (en&an #anah

"an& ren(ah *a(ar %r&ani*n"a-

Farna #anah (a)a# ,er)en&aruh #erha(a) *%n(isi (an sia# #anah 'elalui ra(iasi

aha"a "an& (isera)n"a- Tanah "an& ,erarna hi#a' a#au &ela) a*an ,an"a* 'en"era) )anas

(i,an(in&*an (en&an #anah "an& ,erarna 'u(a- Karena i#u 'a*a #anah "an& "an& ,erarna

&ela) a#au hi#a' le,ih e)a# 'en"era) )anas (an le,ih )anas (ari #anah "an& ,erarna 'u(a

,ila lan&sun& *ena aha"a 'a#ahari- Farna #anah u&a i*u# ,er)en&aruh #erha(a) suhu (an

*ele',a,an #anah *arena *ee)a#an )en"era)an )anas (i)en&aruhi %leh arna #anah- Den&an

(e'i*ian arna #anah seara #i(a* lan&sun& a*an 'enen#u*an *ehi(u)an %r&anis'e #anah-

/uhu #anah 'eru)a*an salah sa#u a*#%r isi*a #anah "an& san&a# 'enen#u*an

*eha(iran (an *e)a(a#an %r&anis'e #anah. (en&an (e'i*ian suhu #anah a*an san&a#

'enen#u*an #in&*a# (e*%')%sisi 'a#erial %r&ani* #anah- Terha(a) )ela)u*an ,ahan in(u*

#anah. suhu u&a san&a# )eranann"a- 7lu*#uasi suhu #anah le,ih ren(ah (ari suhu u(ara. (an

suhu #anah san&a# #er&an#un& )a(a suhu u(ara- /uhu #anah la)isan a#as 'en&ala'i lu*#uasi

(ala' sa#u hari sa#u 'ala' (an #er&an#un& 'usi'- 7lu*#uasi i#u u&a #er&an#un& )a(a

*ea(aan uaa #%)%&rai (aerah. (an *ea(aan #anah 2 /uin.1


12/13

Tia) s)esies (an *el%')%* (iu')ai i*a %r&anis'e #anah (a)a# 'ene'u*an *eu*u)an (an

*esesuaian ruan&an. hara (an air- Or&anis'e #anah (iu')ai (i'ana a(a ,ahan %r&ani*.

se,a&ian ,esar ,era(a ,e,era)a sen#i'e#er (ari )er'u*aan #anah. alau)un 'i*r%,a (a)a#

u&a (iu')ai )a(a *e(ala'an 1@ *' (ala' su'ur 'in"a*-

Keane*ara&a'n %r&anis'e "an& (i#e'u*an (ala' #anah (i)en&aruhui %leh suhu

#anah. )H #anah. *ea(aan i*li' (aerah ser#a #ana'an "an& #u',uh )a(a #anahn"a- /elain i#u

a*#%r+a*#%r lain "an& 'e')un"ai )en&aruh #erha(a) *eane*ara&a'an rela#i;e )%)ulasi

'i*r%%r&anis'e a(alah rea*si "an& ,erlan&sun& (i (ala' #anah. *a(ar *ele',a)an ser#a

*%n(isi+*%n(isi serasi 2/u#e(% (**-.1


13/13

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