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Page 1: Master of Arts in Sanskritegyanagar.osou.ac.in/slmfiles/MASK-02-Block-02.pdf · efJeÐe²Mes
Page 2: Master of Arts in Sanskritegyanagar.osou.ac.in/slmfiles/MASK-02-Block-02.pdf · efJeÐe²Mes

Master of Arts in Sanskrit

(MASK)

MSK-02

Grammar (Siddhanta-kaumudi)

Block -02

Regulating Injunction

UNIT- 1 GENERAL FEATURES OF PARIBHĀSĀ

UNIT-2 TEXT: PARIBHĀSĀ SŪTRĀNI (I)

UNIT-3 TEXT: PARIBHĀSĀ SŪTRĀNI (II)

UNIT-4 TEXT: PARIBHĀSĀ SŪTRĀNI (III)

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MASK PROGRAMME

EXPERTS COMMITTEE

Prof. Prafulla Kumar Mishra, Former Vice-Chancellor, North Odisha University

Prof. Gopal Krishna Dash, Retd. Prof. ,Utkal University

Prof. Prativa Manjari Rath ,Retd. Prof, Utkal University

Dr. Madhusudan Mishra, Associate Prof. , BJB Auto. College, BBSR

Dr. Subash Chandra Dash , Associate Prof. , Utkal University

Dr. Kadambini Dash , Reader in Sanskrit, SB Women’s College, Cuttack

Dr. Narayana Prasad Dash ,Retd. Reader in Sanskrit , S.V.M Autonomous College , Jagatsinghpur

Dr. Paramba Shree Yogamaya, Assistant Prof. , Shri Jagannath Sanskrit Vishvavidyalaya, Puri

Mr. Pratap Kumar Meher , Academic Consultant , Odisha State Open University

CONVENOR

Dr. Dillip Kumar Nayak , Reader in Odia ,

Former Officer in Charge, Regional Centre, B.J.B Auto. College Bhubaneswar

COURSE WRITER

Prof. Gopal Krishna Dash, Retd. Prof., Utkal University

COURSE EDITOR

Dr. Kadambini Dash, Reader in Sanskrit, SB Women’s College, Cuttack

PROGRAMME COORDINATOR

Dr. SareetaPujari , Senior Academic Consultant, OSOU , Sambalpur

Mr. Pratap Kumar Meher , Academic Consultant , Sanskrit , OSOU, Sambalpur

MATERIAL PRODUCTION

Dr. Manas Ranjan Pujari

Registrar

Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur

(cc) OSOU, 2020. Regulating Injunction is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0

http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-sa/4.0

Printed by :

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Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 1

UNIT- I: GENERAL FEATURES OF PARIBHĀSĀ.

efJe<e³emet®eer :

1.1 Heþvem³e GÎsM³eced

1.2 Introduction

i) HeefjYee<ee

met$eªHee

met$e%eeefHelee

v³ee³eefme×e

Jee®eefvekeÀer

1.3 FkeÀes iegCeJe=×er

i) met$eced

ii) Je=efÊe:

iii) J³eeK³ee (Heo®íso:, DevegJe=efÊe:, HeoeLeexeqkeÌle:, efJeûen:, Jeeke̳e³eespevee, HetJee&HejmeceeOeeveced, GoenjCeced,

Òel³egoenjCeced - Fl³eeefo meceslee)

1.4 De®e½e

i) met$eced

ii) Je=efÊe:

iii) J³eeK³ee (Heo®íso:, DevegJe=efÊe:, HeoeLeexeqkeÌle:, efJeûen:, Jeeke̳e³eespevee, HetJee&HejmeceeOeeveced, GoenjCeced,

Òel³egoenjCeced - Fl³eeefo meceslee)

1.5 mene³ekeÀûevLemet®eer

1.6 DeeoMe&ÒeMvee:

1.1 Heþvem³e GÎsM³eced

This book helps in learning …..

● Paribhāsā is three fold…..

● Pānini says about four types of Paribhāsā…..

● Ancient Ācāryas on Paribhāsā…..

● इकः सथान कथ गण-बदधि-सजञा भवति…..

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Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 2

1.2 Introduction

i) DeLe HeefjYee<eeÒekeÀjCeced

HeefjYee<ee is an essential technical device of grammar. Deefve³eces efve³ecekeÀeefjCeer HeefjYee<ee,

Heefjlees Yee<³evles efve³ecee ³e³ee mee HeefjYee<ee ~ HeefjYee<ee is an instrument which is an aid for

solving a problem. When an application of a rule needs a factor for

support. A complementary rule plays a supportive role. Its domain is

quite pervasive. Paribhasa is three fold, met$eª³ee, met$e%eeefHelee and v³ee³eefme×e. They

also have two forms each, such as efue²Jeleer and efJeO³e²Mes<eYetlee ~ Paribhasa

sutra occurring in a part is applicable to the entire wastra. It is efue²Jeleer

HeefjYee<ee. Paribhasa applicable at the time of necessity is known as

efJeO³e²Mes<eYetlee ~

SkeÀmLeë meefJelee osJees ³eLee efJeéeÒekeÀeMekeÀë ~

leLee efue²Jeleer Meem$eceskeÀm³eeçefHe ÒeoerHe³esled ~~

Paninians have accepted the maxim as ³eLeesodosMeb meb%eeHeefjYee<eced keÀ³e&keÀeueb

meb%eeHeefjYee<eced ~.Generally Paribhasa is of four types. 1. met$e©Hee, 2. met$e%eeefHelee, 3.

v³ee³eefme×e, 4. Jee®eefvekeÀer ~

met$e©Heeö Some aphorisms are used as Paribhasa rules such as <eÿer mLeeves³eesiee,

DevleeefoJe®®e, efJeÒeefle<esOes Hejb keÀe³e&ced ~

%eeHekeÀefme×e (met$e%eeefHelee) - J³eeK³eevelees efJeMes<eÒeefleHeefÊeve& efn mevosneoue#eCeced ~

v³ee³eefme×e - HeefjYee<ee established by logic used by human behaviour (ueeskeÀv³ee³e)

ieewCecegK³e³eesë cegK³es keÀe³e&mecÒel³e³eë ~

Jee®eefvekeÀer - HeefjYee<ee established by the authorities. Bhasyakara uses his own

dictum such as Devlej²Jeefnj²³ees: jvlej²b yeueJeled ~ There are some Paribhasa

which are implied by the sutras. Another part of it is established by

v³ee³e. For example, meefle efMeämJejyeueer³emlJecev³e$e efJekeÀjCesY³eë ~ First part of it is

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Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 3

established by v³ee³e and the second part is implied by the sutra leem³evegoeÊes...

(6.1.186). The Vacaniki Paribhasa were also added. When no way is

found for the accomplishment of a Wastriya injunction then the

Paribhasa comes to rescue. Paribhasa is not the creation of single

author. The sutras and the explanations have provided the scope for the

application of Paribhasa. The ancient Jee®eefvekeÀer HeefjYee<ee were borrowed and

used in the form of sutras.

Ancient Acaryas and commentators have taken resort to the Paribhasa

for clarification of particular sutra. keÀeMeke=Àlmve, J³eeef[ and HeeefCeefve are ancient

Acaryas of the Paribhasa. The ancient Paribhasas present before

Panini were used by him as certain sutras. The Vacanika Paribhasas

prevalent in the tradition were used by the author of the sutras. Vyadi

and Panini are the authentic Acaryas in this regard.

Yudhisthira Mimamsaka has callected five types of Paribhasa reading.

In the first type 93 Paribhasas are collected. It begins with DeLe&JeodûenCes

veeveLe&keÀm³e ûenCeced and ends with ‘ke=ÀodûenCes ieeflekeÀejkeÀ, HetJe&m³eeefHe bûenCeced ~ In the second

type 140 Paribhasas are collected.

DeLe&JeodûenCes veeveLe&keÀm³e ûenCeced ... %eeHekeÀefme×b ve meJe&$e ~ These are the first and last

Paribhasas respectively. The colophon contains that the Paribhasas of

Panini written by Vyadi is completed. The third type belongs to

Purusottama Deva. 120 Paribhasas are collected in this book. It begins

with DeLe&JeodûenCes... and ends with YeJeefle J³eeK³eevelees efJeMes<eÒeefleHeefÊe ve& efn mevosneoue#eCeced ~ The

fourth one belongs to meerjosJe ~ It comprises 133 Paribhasas. %eeHekeÀefme×e and

v³ee³eefme×e Paribhasas adorn this book. The fifth one is collected by

Nagewabhatta in HeefjYee<esvogMesKej ~ 133 paribhasas are mentioned as per the

applicabiltiy in the prakriyas J³eeK³eevelees - - is the first Paribhasa and

HeoieewjJeeܳeesieefJeYeeiees iejer³eeved is the last Paribhasa. There are many

commentators. The Paribhasa tradition has strengthened the

grammatical application according to the need.

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Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 4

Bhattoji has collected these Paribhasas for the application of Sandhi.

These Paribhasas have wider utility. They may be used for the

formation of the words in Sandhi, dhatu, krdanta taddhita and other

sections. Samjbasutras are not the parts of vidhi-sutras where as

Paribhasas are the parts of the Vidhisutras. Paribhasas accomplish the

Vidhisutras by forming one sentence. The present chapter on the

Paribhasas will clarify the nature, scope, application and purpose of

the Paribhasas with reference to context.

1.3 efme.keÀew. (34) FkeÀes iegCeJe=×er (1.1.3)

Je=efÊe: - iegCeJe=ef×MeyoeY³eeb ³e$e iegCeJe=×er efJeOeer³esles le$e ‘FkeÀë’ Fefle <eÿd³evleb HeocegHeefleÿles ~

J³eeK³ee - FkeÀë, iegCeJe=×er ~ iegCeë Je=ef×ë Fefle DevegJe=efÊeë ~ ‘FkedÀ’ Meyom³e <eÿd³eskeÀJe®eves FkeÀë ~ Deos*diegCeë

(1.1.2), Je=ef×jeow®ed (1.1.1) Fefle met$eܳeeled iegCem³e Je=×së®e DevegJe=efÊeë ~ iegCeJe=ef×MeyoeY³eeced - u³eyedueesHes

Heáeceer ~ iegCeHeoced G®®ee³e& Je=ef×Heoced G®®ee³e& SJeced DeLe&ë mebieleë YeefJe<³eefle ~ iegCeJe=ef×Y³eeced Fl³e$e Òe³eesp³elJeeLex

le=leer³eeefHe YeefJe<³eefle ~ met$es iegCeHeob Jee Je=ef×Heoced G®³ee³e& ³e$e iegCekeÀe³e¥ Jee Je=ef×keÀe³e¥ efJeOeer³eles le$e ‘FkeÀë’ Fefle

<eÿd³evleb Heob mebieleb YeJeefle ~ DeLee&led ‘FkedÀ’ JeCe&m³e iegCeë Je=ef×ë Jee YeJesled ~ GHeefleÿles-mebie®íles mebieleb YeJeefle Jee ~

mLeeOeelegë HejmcewHeoer, ‘GHeeodosJeHetpeemebieeflekeÀjCeefce$ekeÀjCeHeefLe<eg’ Fefle Jeeefle&keÀyeuesve mebiel³eLex DeelcevesHeoced ~ met$es

‘FkedÀ’ JeCe&m³e Fefle ûenCeeled DeekeÀejm³e, mevO³e#ejm³e J³e¡evem³e ®e iegCekeÀe³e¥ ve YeJeefle ~ ³eLee-³eelee, Jeelee-

Fl³eeefo<eg meeJe&OeelegkeÀeOe&OeelegkeÀ³eesë (7.3.84) Fl³evesve DeekeÀejm³e iegCeë ve YeJeefle ~ leLewJe mevO³e#ejm³e iegCeë ve

YeJeefle - iuew + De + efle = iuee³eefle ~ J³e¡evem³e DeefHe iegCeë ve ³eLee - GefcYelee, GefcYelegced Fl³eeefo ~

GoenjCeced - efceosieg&Ceë (7.3.82) ~ De$e iegCeMeyoë G®®eeefjleë ~ efceoOeeleesë iegCeefJeOeeveced DeYeeräced ? kegÀ$e

iegCeesYeJesled ? De$e mHeäes efveoxMeë veeefmle ~ lelmeceeOeeveeLe&ced De$e J³eJemLee YeJeefle ~ ced, F, od - De$e iegCeefJeOeeveeLe&ced

FkeÀë Fefle <eÿd³evleb Heoced Devesve met$esCe GHeefmLeleb YeJeefle ~ lesve met$em³e DeLe&ë efceosë FkeÀë iegCeë ~ Deos*diegCeë

(1.1.2) Fl³evesve De, S, Dees Fefle S<eg, iegCemLeeveer³em³e keÀm³e JeCe&m³e DeeosMeë YeJesled ~ F-S Deve³eesë mLeeve

(leeueg) meec³eeled SkeÀejeosMeë YeJeefle ~ efceod + efleHed = efceod + M³eved + efleHed (efoJeeefoY³eë M³eved 3.1.69) =

efceod + ³e + efle = efceoë ‘F’ keÀejmLeeves iegCees YeJeefle ~ cesÐeefle Fefle ªHeb efme×ced ~

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Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 5

ce=pesJe&=ef×ë (7.2.114) De$e Je=ef× Meyoë G®®eeefjleë ~ ced, $eÝ, ped ~ Fl³e$e kegÀ$e Je=ef×ë Fefle efpe%eemee³eeb ce=pesë FkeÀë

Je=ef×ë Fefle ‘FkeÀë’ Heoced GHeefmLeleb YeJeefle ~ lesve ‘$eÝ’ Fl³em³e mLeeves Je=ef×ë ~ ‘Je=ef×jeow®ed’(1.1.1) Fl³evesve Dee,

Ss, Deew Fefle Je=ef×JeCee&ë ~ De$e GjCedj³ejë (1.1.51) Fefle jHejkeÀë ‘Dee’ YeJeefle ~ lesve ‘Deejd’ Fefle YeJeefle ~ ce=ped

+ efleHed = ceejdped + efleHed = ceejd<ed + efleHed Je´½eYe´medpeme=pece=pe³epejepeYe´epe®íMeeb <eë (8.2.36) Fl³evesve <eë =

ceejd<e + efle = ceeefä& (ägvee <ìgë, (8.4.41) Fl³evesve `le&&&mLeeves' ìë)

iegCeJe=ef×MeyoeY³eeb iegCeJe=ef×efJeOeevemLeues ‘FkeÀë’ Fefle Heoced GHeefmLeleb YeJeefle FkeÀë mLeeves iegCeë Je=ef×ë Jee YeJeefle ~ ³e$e

iegCeJe=ef×Meyo³eesë GuuesKeë Deefmle, DeLe®e iegCeJe=ef×efJeOeeveb ve DeYeeräced, le$e ‘FkeÀë’ Fefle Heob ve GHeefleÿ ~

Delees iegCes (6.1.97) Fefle met$es iegCeMeyoë G®®eeefjle:, le$e iegCekeÀe³e¥ ve Fäced ~ Deleë le$e ‘FkeÀë’ Fl³em³e Òe³eesieë

ve DeHesef#eleë ~ Je=ef׳e&m³ee®eeceeefomleod Je=×ced (1.1.73) Fl³e$e Je=ef×Meyosve Je=ef×keÀe³e¥ ve YeJeefle ~ De$eeefHe ‘FkeÀë’

Fefle ve mebie®íles ~ kegÀ$eef®eled met$es iegCeMeyoë mee#eeled ve G®®eeefjleë, ³eefo le$e iegCeJeCe&ë Òe³egkeÌleë, le$eefHe ‘FkeÀë’ ve

³eesp³eles ~ ³eLee- l³eoeoerveeceë (7.2.102) De$e iegCeJeCe&ë ‘Deë’ Deefmle ~ ³eleë De$e iegCeMeyom³e G®®eejCeb

veeefmle, Devl³em³e Dem³e ‘De’ Fl³eeosMeë YeJeefle ~ `meë `³eë' Deeefo ªHeb YeJeefle ~ leLewJe Je=ef×JeCe&m³e Òe³eesiesçefHe

Je=ef×Meyom³e G®®eejCeeYeeJes ve `FkeÀë` Fefle mebie®íles ~ ³eLee - efoJe Deewled (7.1.84)- De$e Je=ef×JeCe&ë DeewkeÀejë

Deefmle ~ Je=ef×Meyom³e G®®eejCeeYeeJeeled `FkeÀë` Fefle ve mebieleb YeJeefle ~ Deueesçvl³em³e (1.1.52) Fl³evesve

Devl³em³e Deueë mLeeves Deewled-DeeosMeë FkeÀes³eCeef®e Fefle ³eCeeosMeë, leleë `meg`, leleë Ðeewë Fefle ªHeb efme×ced ~

1.4 efme.keÀew. (35) De®e½e (1.2.28)

Je=efÊe: - ÛmJeoerIe&HuegleMeyow ³e&$eeped efJeOeer³eles le$e `De®eë` Fefle <eÿd³evleb HeocegHeefleÿles ~

J³eeK³ee - De®eë + ®e ~ TkeÀeueesç®ed (1.2.27) Fefle met$eeled `ÛmJeoerIe&Huegle` leLee `De®ed Fefle DevegJe=efÊeë ~

ÛmJeoerIe&Huegleeveeced G®®eejCesve ³e$e `De®eë` efJeOeeveb YeJeefle, le$e `De®eë` Fefle Heob meb³eesp³e DeLe&ë efJeOeer³eles ~ De®ed

JeCe&m³e efn ÛmJeë oerIe&ë Huegleë Jee efJeOeer³eles ~

ÛmJe: - ÛmJees veHegbmekesÀ ÒeeefleHeefokeÀm³e (1.2.47)~ Deefmceved met$es ÛmJeMeyoë G®®eeefjleë ~ De$e `De®eë` Fefle

Heoced GHeefmLeleb YeJeefle ~ met$eeLe&ë ~ veHegbmekesÀ efue²s keÀe³ex ÒeeefleHeefokeÀm³e De®eë ÛmJeë YeJeefle ~ `efJeéeHee` Meyom³e

veHegbmedkesÀ DeekeÀejm³e ÛmJeë YeJeefle ~ lem³e `efJeéeHeced' Fefle ªHeb YeJeefle ~ oerIe&ë - Meceeceäeveeb oerIe&ë M³eefve

(7.3.74)- Fefle met$es oerIe&m³e G®®eejCeb YeJeefle ~ De$e `De®eë' Fefle Heom³e mebiel³ee met$eeLe&ë YeJeefle - Meceeced

Deäeveeced De®eë oerIe&ë~ `M³eved' Òel³e³es Hejleë meefle Meceeoerveeced Deäeveeced De®eë oerIe&ë m³eeled ~ Meced + efleHed = Meeced

+ M³eved + efleHed (efoJeeefoY³eë M³eved 3.1.69) = Meeced +³e + efle = Meec³eefle Fefle ªHeb YeJeefle ~

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Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 6

Huegleë - Jeeke̳em³e ìsë Huegleë GoeÊeë (8.2.82)-De$e HuegleMeyoë G®®eeefjleë ~ Deleë `De®eë` Fefle mebie³ee meg$eeLe&ë

- Jeeke̳em³e ìsë De®eë Huegleë GoeÊeë ~ GoenjCeced - Dee³eg<ceeved SefOe FvêJece&ved ~ De®eesçvl³eeefo efì (1.1.64)

Fl³evesve Jeeke̳es `FvêJece&ved` Fl³em³e `Deved` efì ~ le$e De®ed - Deë ~ lem³e `De` m³e Huegleë GoeÊeë YeJeefle ~

FvêJece&ved ~

met$es ÛmJeoerIee&efo: Meyoë Deefmle efkeÀvleg le$e De®edlJe-efJeefOeë ve YeJeefle ~ leefn& le$e `De®eë' Fefle Heob ve mebieleb YeJeefle ~

³eLee - ÛmJeb ueIeg, oerIe¥®e ~ Sle³eesë met$e³eesë ÛmJeë oerIe&ë ®e G®®eeefjleew ~ efkeÀvleg le$e De®edlJeefJeefOeë ve YeJeefle ~ Deleë

le$e `De®eë` Fefle Heob ve GHeefmLeleb YeJeefle ~ leLewJe ÛmJeoerIe&meb%ekeÀeë JeCee&ë meefvle ~ ³eefo ÛmJeoerIee&efo Meyoeveeced

G®®eejCeb ve YeJeefle, le$e `De®eë` Fefle ve mebieleb YeJeefle ~ ³eLee - efoJe Gled (6.1.131)~ De$e GkeÀejë ÛmJeJeCe&ë ~

efkeÀvleg `ÛmJe' Fefle Meyoë ve G®®eeefjleë ~ Deleë le$e De®edlJeefJeefOeë ve YeJeefle ~ Deäve Dee efJeYekeÌleew (7.2.84)

De$e oerIe&ë `Dee' Deefmle efkeÀvleg met$es ÛmJeoerIee&osë G®®eejCeb veeefmle ~ Deleë le$e De®eë Fefle ve mecyeO³eles ~

1.5 mene³ekeÀûevLemet®eer

1. efme×evlekeÀewcegoer - ieesHeeueoÊeHeeC[s³e, ®eewKecyee, 2004

2. efme×evlekeÀewcegoer - ieesHeeueke=À<CeoeMe, keÀeoeqcyeveeroeMe;, S.kesÀ.efceÞe, keÀìkeÀ, 2016

3. Jew³eekeÀjCeefme×evlekeÀewcegoer -1 - ieesefJevoe®ee³e&, ®eewKecyee megjYeejleerÒekeÀeMeve, JeejeCemeer, 2017

4. J³eekeÀjCeoHe&Ce - Odisha State Bureau of Text Book Preparation and Production,

Bhubaneswar, 2013

5. HeeefCeveer³eJ³eekeÀjCem³e Yee<eeJew%eeefvekeÀeO³e³eveced -MeefMeYet<eCeefceÞe, The Banaras Mercantile Co,

Kolkota, 2012

6. J³eekeÀjCeMeeðeesefleneme: - ueeskeÀceefCeobneue, Yeejleer³eefJeÐeeÒekeÀeMeveced, efouueer, 2007

1.6 DeeoMe&ÒeMvee:

1. SkesÀve Heosve / SkesÀve Jeeke̳esve Jee GÊejb oÊe~ (1 mark each)

keÀ) kegÀ$e FkeÀ: Fefle <eÿîevleb HeocegHeefleÿles?

Ke) kegÀ$e De®e: Fefle <eÿîevleb HeocegHeefleÿles?

2. met$eeCeeb J³eeK³eeb kegÀ©le~ (5 marks each)

keÀ) FkeÀes iegCeJe=×er, Ke) De®e½e

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Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 7

UNIT – II: TEXT: PARIBHĀSĀ SŪTRĀNI.

efJe<e³emet®eer :

2.1 Heþvem³e GÎsM³eced

2.2 DeeÐevleew ìefkeÀleew

2.3 efceo®eesçvl³eelHej:

2.4 <eÿer mLeeves³eesiee

2.5 mLeevesçvlejlece:

2.6 leeqmceefVeefle efveefo&äs HetJe&m³e

2.7 mene³ekeÀûevLemet®eer

2.8 DeeoMe&ÒeMvee:

2.1 Heþvem³e GÎsM³eced

● 'टिि' 'ककि' आगमय ः परय गः…..

● ' ममि' परय गः…

● आदशः सदशिमः सयाि…..

● सथानि-आनिय बलीयः…

2.2 efme.keÀew. (36) DeeÐevleew ìefkeÀleew (1.1.46)

Je=efÊe: - efìledefkeÀleew ³em³eeskeÌleew lem³e ¬eÀceeoeÐevleeJe³eJeew mleë ~

J³eeK³ee - Deeefo + Devleew, efìled, efkeÀleew + Deeefo½e Devle½e DeeÐevleew ~ ÜvÜë ~ ì½e keÀ½e - ìkeÀew ~ ÜvÜë ìkeÀew Fleew

³e³eesë leew ~ yenggJe´´erefnë ~ ÜvÜevles Þet³eceeCeb Heob Òel³eskeÀceefYemecyeO³eles - Fl³evesve Fled Heom³e `ì` Fefle `keÀ` Fefle DeeY³eeb

Òel³eskebÀ ³eesieë ~ Deleë efìled efkeÀled Fefle DeLe&ë YeJeefle ~ Je=Êeew efìledefkeÀleew Fl³egkeÌleced ~ `ìd` Fled ³em³e me efìled~ kedÀ Fled

³em³e me efkeÀled ~ ³em³e efìled efkeÀled Fefle Deeieceew mleë lem³e ³eLee¬eÀceced DeeÐeJe³eJeë DevleeJe³eJeë ®e mleë ~ DeLee&led

efìled DeeÐeJe³eJeë, efkeÀled DevleeJe³eJeë ~ SJeb ³eLee¬eÀceb mecyevOe: kesÀve v³ee³esve YeJeefle ? ³eLeemebK³ev³ee³esve ~

³eLeemebK³ecevegosMeë meceeveeced (1.3.10) (meceeveeb mecemebK³eeveeb meceHeefjHeefþleeveecegodossefMeveecevegosefMeveeb ®e

³eLee¬eÀcecegodosefMeefYejvegosefMeveë mecyeO³evles ~) Deleë ³eLee¬eÀceb efìled DeeÐeJe³eJeë, efkeÀled DevleeJe³eJeë ®e mleë ~

¬eÀefcekeÀeCeeb ¬eÀcesCe DevJe³eë ~ Slee¢Meë Üvomeceemeë Meem$eer³eë ~

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efìleë GoenjCeced - ÛmJeveÐeeHees vegìd (7.1.54) - ÛmJeevleeled veÐevleeled Deeyevleeled ®e GÊejm³e Deeceë veg[eieceë

YeJeefle ~ ÛmJeevlem³e Deeefce vegceeieceë ³eLee - vej + Deeced (<eÿeryengJe®eves) ~ Me$egJeoeosMeë efce$eJeoeieceë Fefle v³ee³esve

Deeieceë ve neefveb keÀjesefle ~ vegìd efìled ~ Deleë Deeceë DeeÐeJe³eJeë YeJeefle ~ vej + vegìd + Deeced = vejeCeeced (veeefce -

6.3.33. HetJe&m³e Depevlem³e De²m³e oerIe&ë m³eeled veeefce Hejleë) ~ veoer- kegÀceejer + Deeced = keÀgceejer + vegìd +

Deeced = kegÀceejerCeeced ~ ³etmle³eeK³eew veoer, 1.4.13, F&keÀejevleë TkeÀjevleë efvel³em$eerefue²ë veoermeb%ekeÀë ~ Deeyevleë

Meyoë - ceeuee + Deeced = ceeuee + vegìd + Deeced = ceeueeveeced) Dev³eod GoenjCeced - Yet + lee (uegefì) ~ uegìd

DeeOe&OeelegkeÀÒel³e³eë ~ Yet + F + lee, DeeOe&OeelegkeÀm³es[d Jeueeosë (8.3.28) Fefle `Fìd`- Deeieceë ~

meeJe&OeelegkeÀeOe&OeelegkeÀ³eesë Fefle iegCeë DeJeeosMeë, leleë YeefJelee Fefle ªHeb efme×ced ~

efkeÀleë GoenjCeced - Òee*d + <eÿë, megieCed + <eÿë ~ *Ceesë kegÀkedÀìgkedÀMeefj (8.3.28) Heoevlem³e `*` m³e Cem³e

®e ³eLee¬eÀceb kegÀkedÀ ìgkedÀ ®e Deeieceew mleë ~ ³eefo le³eesë Hejced `Mejd Òel³eenejm³e JeCe&ë Deefmle ~ kegÀkedÀ ìgkedÀ ®e GYeew

efkeÀleew ~ Deleë DevleeJe³eJeew mleë ~ Òee*d + <eÿë = Òee*d + kedÀ (kegÀkedÀ) + <eÿë = Òee*dkedÀ <eÿë~ megieCed+ <eÿ:

= megieCed + ìd (ìgkedÀ) <eÿë = megieCedìd<eÿë ~ `kedÀ` `ìd' Fefle Sleew Fleew mleë ®esled leefn& SJeb Òe³eesieë YeefJe<³eefle ~

`ì` `keÀ` SJeb efJeefOeë m³eeled ~ le$e `Fled` veeefmle ®esled SJeced DeeieceÒeme²ë veeefmle ~ jepeved + Î = jepeved + keÀ +

F&³e (je%eë keÀ ®e 4.2.140) jepekeÀer³eced ~ kegÀ© + ®ejd + ì (®ejsäë, 3.2.16) kegÀ©®ejë ~ SJeb Òe³eesiemLeues

`efkeÀled efìled` Fl³eYeeJeeled DeÐeJe³eJeevleeJe³eJe³eesë Òeme²ë ve YeJeefle ~

2.3 efme.keÀew. (37) efceo®eesçvl³eeled Hejë (1.1.47)

Je=efÊe: - `De®eë` Fefle <eÿd³evleced ~ De®eeb ceO³es ³eesçvl³emlemceeled Hejmlem³ewJeevleeJe³eJees efceled m³eeled ~

J³eeK³ee - efceled + De®eë + Devl³eeled, Hejë ~ ced Fled ³em³e meë efceled ~ `De®eë` Fl³em³e DeLe&ë De®eeb ceO³es ~ ³ele½e

efveOee&jCeced (2.3.41) Fefle efveOee&jCes <eÿer ~ `De®eë` Fl³e$e ³eefo Heáeceer m³eeled Devl³eeled De®eë Hejë efceled m³eeled ~

Mes ceg®eeoerveeced (7.1.59) - ceg®eeoerveeb vegceeieceë YeJeefle Mes Hejleë ~ Devl³eeled De®eë Fl³e$e ³eefo Heáeceer m³eeled leefn&

`ceg®ed` Fl³e$e Devl³em³e De®eë DeYeeJeeled vegceeieceë ve YeefJe<³eefle ~ De$e met$es De®eë-efveOee&jCes <eÿer ~ peel³eLex

SkeÀJe®eveÒe³eesieë ~ De®eeb ceO³es ³eë Devl³eë De®ed leleë Hejb efceled m³eeled ~ me ®e efceled MecegÐe³em³e Devl³eeJe³eJeë

m³eeled ~ DeeÐevleew... Fefle met$eeled SkeÀosMem³e `Devle`m³e DevegJe=efÊeë ~

GoenjCeced - ceveebefme ~ `cevemed' - Meyoeled veHegbmekeÀm³e Peue®eë (7.1.72) Fefle vegceeieceë YeefJe<³eefle ~ kegÀ$e vegced

m³eeled ? cevemed + pemed = cevemed + efMe (pemeMemeesë efMe, 7.1.20 Fl³evesve (efMe-DeeosMeë) = cevemed + F

(ueMekeÌJeleef×les; 1.4.48 Fefle `Me' Fled) = cevemed + vegced + F (ve³egbmebkeÀm³e Peue®eë, Fefle vegceeieceë), `cevemed'

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Fl³em³e Devl³eë De®ed `ve' efmLeleë Deë ~ lemceeled vegceeieceë YeefJe<³eefle ~ ceved + vegced + med + F = ceveved + med+ F

= ceveved + efme ~ efMe meJe&veecemLeeveced (1.1.42) Fefle `efMe` meJe&veecemLeeveb YeJeefle ~ meJe&veecemLeeves ®eemecyeg×ew

(6.4.8) Fefle GHeOeeoerIe&ë ~ leleë ceveeved + efme ~ ve½eeHeoevlem³e Peefue (Peefue Hejs GHeoevlem³e vem³e cem³e

DevegmJeejë Fefle `vem³e` DevegmJeejë ~ leleë ceveebefme Fefle ªHeb efme×ced ~ Dev³eled GoenjCeced – Fefolees vegced Oeeleesë

(7.1.58) ³em³e Oeeleesë ÛmJeë FkeÀejë Fled, me Oeelegë Fefoled Oeelegë ~ lemceeled vegceeieceë YeefJe<³eefle ~ ³eLee - ìgveefo

Fefoled Oeelegë ~ Fefoled ~ Deleë veod Fefle DeJeefMeäë ~ veod Fl³eleë vegceeieceë YeefJe<³eefle ~ veod + De + efle = ve + vegced

+ od + De + efle ~ efceo®eesçvl³eeled- - Fefle `ve` Fl³eleë Hejced DekeÀejeled Hejb vegceeieceë YeefJe<³eefle ~ ve + ved +od

+De + efle = vevoefle Fefle ªHeb efme×ced ~

Fob met$eb <eÿer mLeeves³eesiee (1.1.49), Hej½e (3.1.2) Fl³eve³eesë yeeOekeÀced ~ Deefmceved met$es `De®eë' Fefle <eÿer

mLeeves³eesiee ³eefo ie=nd³eles, leefn& Jeveeefve, kegÀC[eefve Fl³eeefo ªHeb efme×b ve YeefJe<³eefle ~ leLewJe `Òel³e³eë' `Hej½e' Fefle

Òel³e³em³e Hejë Òe³eesieë YeJeefle ~ ©OeeefoY³eë Mveced (3.1.78) Fefle ©Oeeosë Oeeleesë MvecedÒel³e³eë YeJeefle ~ `Hej½e`

Fefle `Mveced' ³eoe Hejë YeJeefle, leoe ©Oed + Mveced = `©Ove' Fefle m³eeled ~ lem³e yeeOekebÀ efceo®ees ... Fefle met$eced ~

Deleë `©Oed' Fl³e$e jsHeÀm³e Hejmceeled GkeÀejeled Mveced YeJeefle ~ ©Oed + efleHed = ©Oed + Mveced + efle = © + ve + Oed

+ efle = ©Ceef× Fefle ªHeb YeJeefle ~

`cemedped' Fefle Oeeleesë vegceeiecemLeues J³eefle¬eÀceë YeJeefle ~ cemedped + lee (le=®ed) ~ cemedefpeveMeesPe&efue (7.1.60)

Fl³evesve vegceeieceë ~ cemedvedped + lee ~ mkeÀesë meb³eesieeÐeesjvles ®e (8.2.29) Fefle `me` ueesHeë ~ cevedped + lee ~

ve½eeHeoevlem³e Peefue (8.3.24) Fefle vem³e DevegmJeejë ~ cebped + lee ~ Keefj®e (8.4.55) Fefle `pem³e` ®ejdlJeced

DeLee&led `®eë' ~ ceb®ed + lee ~ ®eesë kegÀë (8.2.30) Fefle ®em³e keÀë ~ cebkedÀlee ~ DevegmJeejm³e ³eef³e HejmeJeCe&ë

(8.4.58) ce*dkedÀlee ~

2.4 efme.keÀew. (38) <eÿer mLeeves³eesiee (1.1.49)

Je=efÊe: - DeefveOee&efjlemecyevOeefJeMes<ee <eÿer mLeeves³eesiee yeesO³ee ~ mLeeveb ®e Òeme²ë ~

J³eeK³ee -<e<þer mLeeves³eesiee~ Heoܳeced~ mLeevesve ³eesie: ³em³ee: mee mLeeves³eesiee~ J³eefOekeÀjCeyengJe´erefn:~ DeLeJee mLeeves

³eesie: ³em³ee: mee mLeeves³eesiee~ efvemLeeleveeled meHlec³ee: DeuegkedÀ~ <eÿer - DeefveOee&efjlemecyevOeefJeMes<ee <eÿer~ ve

efveOee&efjle: (efveef½ele:) DeefveOee&efjle: - ve_ed lelHeg©<e:~ DeefveOee&efjle: mecyevOeefJeMes<e: (mecyevOeefJeMes<eªHeesçLe&:) ³em³ee:

mee - DeefveOee&efjlemecyevOeefJeMes<ee- yengJe´erefn:~ meeOeejCele: mecyevOes <eÿer YeJeefle~ ³e$e <eÿer keÀced DeefHe mecyevOeefJeMes<eb

ve yeesOe³eefle le$e <eÿer mLeeves³eesiee <eÿer Fefle ûenCeb keÀjCeer³eced~ mecyevOee: yengefJeOee: ³eLee - mee¢M³eced, Òel³eemeefÊe:,

DeJe³eJeeJe³eJeer, pev³epevekeÀYeeJe:, keÀe³e&keÀejCeªHe:, %eeH³e%eeHekeÀ:, mLeev³eeosMe:, DeeOeejeOes³e:, Deevevle³e&ced,

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efJekeÀej:, mJemJeeefceYeeJe: Fl³eeo³e: Meleb mecyevOee: YeJes³eg:~ SJeb mecyevOeefJeMes<es<eg ³eefo keÀesçefHe mecyevOe: ve

efve×e&efjle:, le$e `mLeeves' Meyom³e ³eesie: YeJesled~ mLeeves + De³eesiee - mLeeves³eesiee SJeb Heo®íso: keÀleg¥ Meke̳eles~ De³eesiee

DeLee&led ³e$e DeefveOee&efjlemecyevOe efJeMe s<ee <eÿer mee ’mLeeves“ DeLee&led mLeeve<eÿer YeJeefle~

GoenjCeced - FkeÀes ³eCeef®e (6.1.77) - ’FkeÀ:“ <eÿ³evleb Heoced~ ’FkedÀ“ Fl³evesve men ’³eCed“ Fl³em³e mecyevOe:

ve efveOee&efjle:~ Deeqmceved mLeues ’mLeeves³eesiee <eÿer“ Fefle efve³ecesve DeLe&: mHeä: YeefJe<³eefle~ FkeÀ: mLeeves ³eCed m³eeod Deef®e

mebefnlee³eeb efJe<e³es~ FkedÀ - JeCe&m³e mLeeves ³eCed JeCee&osMe: m³eeled~ SJeced DeLex meefle Òe³eesie: DeYe´evle: YeJesled~ veoer +

Decyeg = veod + ³ed + Decyeg = veÐecyeg Fefle ªHeb efme×ced~

Dev³eod GoenjCeced - S®e Fied ÛmJeeosMes (1.1.48) - ÛmJeeosMes meefle S®e: FkedÀ - DeeosMe: YeefJe<³eefle~ ’S®e:“

- <eþîevleb Heoced~ De$e mecyevOe: DeefveOee&efjle:~ Dele: ’mLeeves“ Fl³em³e ³eesie: YeefJe<³eefle~ S®e: mLeeves FkedÀ m³eeled~

ÛmJees veHegbmekesÀ ÒeeefleHeefokeÀm³e (1.2.47) Fl³evesve veHegbmekeÀeque²s ÒeeefleHeefokeÀm³e ÛmJe: YeJesled~ keÀm³e ÛmJe:?

S®e: ÛmJe:~ iees: meceerHeced - DeJ³e³eerYeeJes meceemes DeJ³e³eerYeeJe: veHegbmekebÀ m³eeled~ GHeiees Fl³e$e DeeskeÀejm³e

ÛmJeeosMe:~ ’S®e: FkedÀ ÛmJeeosMes“ Fefle DeeskeÀejm³e mLeeves GkeÀejeosMe:, lele: ’GHeieg“ Fefle ªHeb efme×ced~

DeefveOee&efjlemecyevOeefJeMes<ee Fl³egkeÌlJee ³e$e <eÿer keÀceefHe mecyevOeefJeMes<eb yeesOe³eefle le$e mLeeves³eesiee <eÿer ve ÒeJeÊe&les~ ³eLee

- TogHeOee³ee ieesn: (6.4.89) (ieewn: De²m³e GHeeOee³ee: Tled m³eeled Depeeoew Òel³e³es Hejle:) ieesn: GHeOee³ee:

Tled~ ’ieesn:“ <eÿîevleb Heoced~ ’ieesn“ DeJe³eJeer ’Dees“ lem³e GHeOee DeLee&led DeJe³eJe:~ ’ieesnd“ ’GHeOee“ Fl³eve³ees:

DeJe³eJee³eJeefJemecyevOe: efveOee&efjle:~ Dele: le$e mLeeves³eesiee <eÿer ve Òe³egp³eles, ieesn + De + efleHed = TogHeOee³ee ieesn:

Fl³evesve GHeOee³ee: DeeskeÀejm³e Tled YeJeefle~ ietnefle Fefle ªHeb efme×ced~ ’mLeeve“m³e DeLe&: Òeme²:~ oYee&Ceeb mLeeves Mejw:

ÒemleefjleJ³eced – Fefle ³eee f%ekeÀJeeke̳eÒe³eesies ’mLeeveced“ Òeme²eLex Òe³egkeÌleced~ oYee&Ceeb Òeme²s Meje: efJemlejCeer³ee: ~

DemlesYet&: (2.4.52) `Demed' Òeme²s (mLeeves) Yet-Fl³eeosMe: m³eeled DeeOe&OeelegkesÀ Òel³e³es Hejle:~ Demed Fefle mLeeves Yet

Fl³eeosMesve YeefJelee, YeefJelegced, YeefJeleJ³eced Fl³eeefo - ªHeb YeefJe<³eefle~

2.5 efme.keÀew (39) mLeevesçvlejlece: (1.1.50)

Je=efÊe: - Òeme²s meefle me¢Melece DeeosMe: m³eeled~ ’³e$eeveskeÀefJeOeceevle³e¥ le$e mLeevele Deevle³e¥ yeueer³e:~“

J³eeK³ee – mLeeves + Devlejlece:~ Heoܳeced~ mLeeves ³em³e ®e YeeJesve YeeJeue#eCeced (2.3.37) Fl³evesve YeeJes

meHleceer~ DeefleMeef³ele: Devlej: Devlejlece:~ mLeeveMeyom³e DeLe&: Òeme²: ~ ³eoe SkeÀeqmceved mLeeves DeveskeÀeosMeÒeme²:

YeJesled, le$e cetueÒeme²sve men ³em³e DeefleMeef³eleb mee¢M³eb YeJeefle, leoe me¢Melece: DeeosMe: efn YeefJe<³eefle~ ®ew$eme¢Me:

cew$e:“ - Fefle Òe³eesies keÀeqmceved Oecex GYe³ees: mee¢M³eced? Fefle efpe%eemee YeJeefle~ mLeeefveme¢Me: DeeosMe: YeefJe<³eefle SJeb

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keÀLeves meeo=M³eefve³eecekeÀ: keÀ:? Fefle ÒeMve: Gosefle~ mee¢M³eefve³eecekeÀe: ®elJeej: ~ 1. mLeeveced, 2. DeLe&:, 3.

ÒeceeCeced (cee$ee), 4. iegCe: (yee¿eÒe³elve:)~ Devlejlece: - DeefleMeef³ele: me¢Me:~ Devlej + leceHed = DeefleMee³eves

leceefyeÿveew (5.3.55)

1. mleeveke=Àleb mee¢M³eced - oO³e$e Fl³eeefo~ oefOe De$e - ’FkeÀes ³eCeef®e“ Fefle met$esCe FkeÀ: mLeeves ³eCeeosMe: YeJeefle~

F, G, $eÝ, ue= - Fl³esles<eeb mLeeves ³e, Je, j, ue Sles DeeosMee: YeJeefvle~ keÀm³e mLeeves keÀm³e JeCe&m³e DeeosMe: YeJeefle?

Fefle efpe%eemee³eeb le$e mLeeveieleb mee¢M³eb MejCeb YeJeefle~ FkeÀej-³ekeÀej³ees: leeueg G®®eejCemLeeveced~ Dele:

mLeevemee¢M³eeled FkeÀejmLeeves ³ekeÀejm³e DeeosMe: YeJeefle~ oefOe + De$e = oOed + ³ed + De$e = oO³e$e Fefle ªHeb

efme×ced ~ oC[ + Deûeced - Fl³e$e DekeÀ: meJeCexx oerIe&: Fefle met$esCe meJeCe&oerIe&: ÒeeHveesefle~ ÛmJe DekeÀj-

oerIee&ççkeÀej³ees: mLeevemeec³eced Deefmle DeLee&led keÀCþ: G®®eejCemLeeveced~ Dele: DekeÀejmLeeves mLeevemeec³eeled oerIe&

DeekeÀej SkeÀeosMe: YeJeefle~ oC[eûeced Fefle ªHeb efme×ced~

2. DeLe&ke=Àleb mee¢M³eced - ¬eÀesäg, ¬eÀesä= - GYe³ees: Meyo³ees: DeLe&: Me=ieeue:~ le=pJeled ¬eÀesäg: (7.1.95) -

¬eÀesägMeyo - mlegved Òel³e³eevle: meb%eeMeyo: meJe&veecemLeevesçmecyeg×ew le=pedJeod YeJeefle~ Devesve met$esCe ¬eÀesägMeyom³e mLeeves

leoLe&keÀm³e le=pevlem³e ¬eÀesäæ=Meyom³e DeeosMe: YeJeefle Dev³em³e le=pevlem³e keÀ$ee&os: DeeosMe: ve YeJeefle~ Dele:

GkeÀejevlem³e ¬eÀesä=Meyom³e ¬eÀesäe, ¬eÀesäejew ¬eÀesäej: Fl³eefo ªHeb YeJeefle~ De$e mLeeveke=Àlem³e mee¢M³em³e Òe³eesie: vewJe

YeJeefle~ DeLe&ke=Àleb mee¢M³eced DeeefÞel³e SJebefJeOes Òe³eesies meceeOeeveb ef¬eÀ³eles~ lemLeefceHeeb leevlevleece: (3.4.101) -

lemed -Lemed-LeöefceHeeb-leeced-leced-le-Deced Sles DeeosMee: YeJeefvle~ De$e DeeosMe: ³eLeemebK³ev³ee³esve ve YeJeefle~

DeLe&ke=Àlemee¢M³eJeuesve De$e DeeosMe: YeJeefle~ mLeeves ³em³e DeLe&m³e yeesOekeÀ:, DeeosMe: DeefHe leoLe&m³e yeesOekeÀ: m³eeled~

ÒeLeceHeg©<e-efÜJe®evem³e yeesOeefveefceÊeb lemed -mLeeves `leeced'- DeeosMe: YeJeefle~

3. iegCeke=Àleb mee¢M³eced - iegCeMeyom³e DeLe&: yee¿eÒe³elve:~ ³em³e JeCe&m³e ³esve JeCexve men iegCeieleb (Jee¿eÒe³elveieleb)

mee¢M³eb m³eeled lem³e JeCe&m³e DeeosMe: YeefJe<³eefle~ JeekedÀ + nefj: - Pe³ees nesçv³elejm³eeced (8.4.62) Pe³e: Hejm³e

nm³e HetJe&meJeCeex JeCe&: m³eeled~ Iees<eJelees veeoJelees ceneÒeeCem³e mebJe=lekeÀCþm³e nm³e lee¢Mees JeCe&®elegLe& SJeeosMe: m³eeled~

JeeiIeefj:-Jeeinefj:~ nkeÀejm³e yee¿eÒe³elvee: Iees<e: mebJeej:, veeo: ceneÒeeCe: ®e~ Jeie &®elegLe&m³e ’Ie“m³e lee¢Mee:

yee¿eÒe³elvee:~ Dele: nkeÀejmLeeves IekeÀejeosMe:~ JeekedÀ + nefj: - JeekedÀIeefj:~ Peueeb peMeesçvles (8.239) Fefle kedÀ -

mLeeves ied YeJeefle~ Jeeied Ieefj: Fefle efJekeÀuHesve ªHeced~ IekeÀejeYeeJes Jeeied nefj: Fefle ªHeb ®e SJeb efÜefJeOeb ªHeb ûee¿eced~

efkeÀvleg IekeÀejeosMemLeues yee¿eÒe³elveke=Àleb mee¢M³eced DeeÞeer³eles~

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4. ÒeceeCeke=Àleb mee¢M³eced - ÒeceeCem³e DeLe&: HeefjceeCeb Jee cee$ee~ GoenjCeced - Decegced, DecetY³eeced Deomed-Meyom³e

SJeb ªHeb YeJeefle~ Deomed + Deced

Deod + De + Deced - l³eoeoerveece: (7.2.102) Fefle `me' m³e `De' DeeosMe:~

Deo + Deced - Delees iegCes (6.1.97) Fefle HejªHe: SkeÀeosMe:~

Deceg + Deced - Deomeesçmesoe&ogoes ce: (8.2.80) Deomeesçmeevlem³e oeled Hejm³e Gotleew mle: om³e ce½e~ G Fefle

ÛmJeoerIe&³ees: meceenej ÜvÜ:~ Deevlejlec³eeled ÛmJeJ³e¡eve³ees: ÛmJe: oerIe&m³e oerIe&:~ Deomed Fl³em³e Devles ³eefo med

veeefmle, leefn& oele Hejm³e ÛmJem³e ÛmJe GkeÀej:, oerIe&JeCe&m³e oerIe& TkeÀej:~ okeÀejm³e ®e ce: YeJeefle~ `Deod' Fl³e$e

Devles me: veeefmle~ oeled Hejm³e ÛmJem³e DekeÀejm³e ÛmJe GkeÀej: YeJeefle~ om³e ®e ce: YeJeefle~

Decegced - Deefce + HetJe&: (6.1.107) Fefle HetJe&: SkeÀeosMe:, Deeqmceved GoenjCes ÛmJem³e DekeÀejm³e mLeeves ÛmJe:

GkeÀej: DeeosMe: YeJeefle~

oerIe& TkeÀej DeeosMe: ³eLee -

DecetY³eeced - Deomed + Y³eeced - Deo + De + Y³eeced (l³eoeoerveece: - Fefle De:) - Deo + Y³eeced (Delees iegCes Fefle

HejªHe: SkeÀeosMe:~

DeoeY³eeced - megefHe ®e. 7.3.102 Fefle Deleesç²m³e oerIe&:~

DecetY³eeced - Deomeesçmesoe&ogoes ce: Fefle oeled Hejm³e oerIe&m³e DeekeÀejm³e mLeeves oerIe& TkeÀej: om³e ce½e~ De$e oerIe&m³e

DeekeÀejm³e oerIe& TkeÀej: DeeosMe:~

ÒeceeCeieleced Deevle³e¥ YeJeefle SJeced - mLeeveer JeCe&: ³evcee$eeefJeefMeä: lem³e mLeeves ³em³e JeCe&m³e DeeosMe: YeefJe<³eefle

meesçefHe levcee$eeefJeefMeä: YeefJe<³eefle~ ³eLee - De: ÛmJe: SkeÀcee$eeefJeefMeä: DeeosMe: ~ G: DeefHe ÛmJe:

SkeÀcee$eeefJeefMeä:~ DeekeÀej: oerIe&: efÜcee$eeefJeefMeä: DeeosMe:~ TkeÀej: DeefHe oerIe&: efÜcee$eeefJeefMeä: YeefJe<³eefle~ met$es

’Devlejlece:“ Fefle leceyed ûenCeb efkeÀceLe&ced? leceye dûenCeb efJevee DeefleMeef³eleb mee¢M³eb efJeveeçefHe efkeÀefáelmee¢M³es DeeosMe:

YeJesled~ leefVeJeejCeeLe¥ leceyedûenCeced~ JeekedÀ + nefj: - nkeÀejsCe keÀ Jeie&m³e JeCee&: keÀCþmLeevenslees: mee¢M³eJevle:~ SJeced

SkeÀm³e JeCe&m³e mLeeves yentveeb JeCee&veeceeosMe: m³eeled~ les<eg ³e: JeCe&: nkeÀejsCe meJee&Hes#e³ee DeefOekebÀ mee¢M³eb Jenefle lem³e

SJe DeeosMe: YeJeefle~ Deevlejlec³eHejer#ee³eeb yee¿eÒe³elveeveeced GHe³eesefielee YeJeefle~ n-JeCe&: mLeeveer~ lem³e Iees<e:, veeo:,

mebJeej:, ceneÒeeCe: Fefle ye´e¿eÒe³elvee:~ `n'm³e mLeeves `keÀ:' ve YeefJe<³eefle~ `keÀ'm³e éeeme: DeIees<e:, efJeJeej:

DeuHeÒeeCe: Fefle Òe³elvee:~ lem³e meec³eÒeme²s veeefmle~ `Ke' m³e ceneÒeeCe Fefle Òe³elvemeec³es meefle éeeme: DeIees<e:,

efJeJeej: Fefle Òe³elveYesoesçefmle~ `ie' m³e Iees<e:, veeo:, mebJeej: Fefle Òe³elvemeec³esçefHe DeuHeÒeeCe Fefle Òe³elveYeso:

Deefmle~ `*' m³e DeefHe `ie' m³e FJe Yeso: Deefmle~ `keÀ' Jeiex `n' Fl³evesve men Ie m³e Iees<e:, veeo:, mebJeej:, ceneÒeeCe:

Fefle ®elegCee&ced DeefleMeef³eleb Òe³elvemeec³eced Deefmle~ Dele: `n' m³e mLeeves `Ie' Fl³eeosMe: YeJeefle~ DeCegefoled meJeCe&m³e

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®eeçÒel³e³e: Fefle met$emLeues yee¿eÒe³elveeveeb efJeJes®eveb ke=Àleced~ le$e mHeäcegkeÌleb ³eled meeJeC³e&efveefceÊeb yee¿eÒe³elvee: ve

DeeJeM³ekeÀe:~ Deevlejlec³eHejer#ee³eeb les GHe³ees#³evles Fefle~

³e$eeveskeÀefJeOeceevle³e¥ le$e mLeevele: Deevle³e¥ yeueer³e: -

F³eced SkeÀe HeefjYee<ee~ ³e$e mLeeveeLe&iegCeÒeceeCes<eg SkeÀeefOekebÀ mee¢M³eb ÒeeH³eles~ le$e mLeeveke=Àleced Deevle³e¥ mee¢M³eb

yeueJeÊejb YeJeefle~ mLeevesæçvlejlece: Fefle met$es <eÿer mLeeves³eesiee Fefle met$eeled `mLeeves' Fl³em³e DevegJe=efÊe: YeJeefle~ Hegve:

mLeeves Fefle ûenCesve F³eb HeefjYee<ee %eeH³eles ³eled ³e$e DeveskeÀefJeOeced Deevle³e¥ le$e mLeevele Deevle³e¥ yeueer³e: Fefle~

GoenjCeced - ®eslee, mleeslee Fl³eeefo~ ef®e + lee(le=®ed)~ DeeOe&OeelegkebÀ Mes<e: (3.4.114) leLee

meeJe&OeelegkeÀeOe&OeelegkeÀ³ees: (7.3.84) Fefle `ef®e' Fl³em³e `F' keÀejm³e iegCe: YeJeefle~ Deos²§Ce: (1.1.2) Fl³evesve

iegCeJeCe&e:- De, S, Dees~ F ÛmJeJeCe&: le$e ÒeceeCele: Deevle³exCe ÛmJe: DekeÀej: iegCe: YeJesled~ `F' leLee iegCeJeCe&: `S'

Fl³eve³ees: mLeeveieleced Deevle³e¥ YeJeefle~ F®eg³eMeeveeb leeueg, Sowlees: keÀCþleeueg Fefle `F' `S' ®e GYeew JeCeez leeueJ³eew~

SJeb mLeues `F' Dem³e mLeeves iegCeJeCe&: `De' DeLeJee `S' YeefJe<³eefle~ SJeb Òeme²s meefle Me¹eHeefjnejeLe&ced GkeÌleb ³eled ³e$e

DeveskeÀefJeOeceevle³e¥ le$e mLeevele Deevles³e¥ Jeueer³e Fefle, `F' mLeeves mleevemee¢M³enslees: `S' YeJeefle~ ®eslee Fefle ªHeb

efme×ced~ leLewJe mleg + lee - mleeslee~ Fl³e$e GkeÀejm³e mLeeves DeesÿmLeeveer³em³e iegCeJeCe&m³e DeeskeÀejm³e DeeosMe:, lele:

mleeslee Fefle ªHeb efme×ced~

De$eeefHe ÒeMve: mleeod ³eled FkeÀejm³e SkeÀejªHe: iegCe: YeJeefle, De$e mLeevemeec³em³e efJeJes®eves keÀLeced Slee¢Me: DeeosMe:

YeJesled? FkeÀejmme³e mLeeveb leeueg~ SkeÀejm³e keÀCþleeueg~ De$e DeefleMeef³eleb mee¢M³eb ve mebIeìles~ De$e SJeb Òe³egp³eles

³eled ³e$e ³eeJelemLeevemeec³eb (mecHetCe¥ mLeevemeec³eb) le$e meJeCe&meb%ee DeHesef#elee~ ³e$e efkeÀefáeled mLeevemeec³e b le$e

Deevlejlec³eJ³eJemLee keÀleg¥ Meke̳eles~

2.6 efme.keÀew 40 - leeqmceefVeefle efveefo&äs HetJe&m³e (1.1.66)

Je=efÊe: - meHleceerefveoxMesve efJeOeer³eceeveb keÀe³e¥ JeCee&vlejsCeeJ³eJeefnlem³e HetJe&m³e yeesO³eced~

J³eeK³ee - leeqmceved + Fefle, efveefo&äs HetJe&m³e – leefmceved Fefle meHlec³evleevegkeÀjCeced, efveefo&äs meHlec³evleced, HetJe&m³e

<eÿîevleced, Fefle - DeJ³e³eced~ leeqmceved DeefOekeÀjCes meHleceer~ De$e DeewHeMuesef<ekeÀ: DeeOeej: (DeefYeJ³eeHekeÀ: DeLeJee

Jew<eef³ekeÀ: ve)~ GHeMues<e: meeceerH³esve mecyevOe:~ efvejd + efoMed + keÌle - efveefo&ä:~ efvejd vewjvle³exCe DeLeJee

DeJ³eJeOeevesve~ efoMed- G®®eejCeef¬eÀ³ee~ efveefo&äs: DeLee&led DeJ³eJeOeevesve G®®eeefjle:~ ³e$e meHleceer efveoxMesve keÀe³e¥

efJeOeer³eles, le$e DeJ³eJeOeevesve De®®eeefjlem³e HetJe&m³e keÀe³e¥ YeJeefle~ efJeOeer³eceeveb keÀe³e&ced - ef¬eÀ³eceeCeb keÀe³e&ced~ `leeqmceved

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Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 14

Fefle' - De$e Fefle ûenCesve `leeqmceved' Fefle Heos MeyomJe©Hem³e ûenCeb ve YeJeefle ~ DeLe&m³e ûenCeb YeJeefle~ `leeqmceved Fefle'

Fl³em³e DeLe&: YeJeefle - meHleceerefJeYeeqkeÌle:~ efveefo&ä: Fl³em³e DeLe&: - DeJ³eJeefnleªHesCe G®®eeefjle:~ `efveefo&ä's Fefle Heob

`leeqmceved' Fefle Heom³e efJeMes<eCeced~

`leeqmceved' `efveefo&äs' Fefle GYe³e$e YeeJes meHleceer DeLeJee meefle meHleceer~ SJeb ûenCesve mecem³ee YeJeefle~ `FkeÀes³eCeef®e' Fefle

met$esCe megOeer + GHeem³e: Fl³e$e `³eCed' YeJeefle~ `Deef®e' Fefle YeeJes meHleceer~ leefn& met$em³e DeLe&: YeJeefle- SJeced Deef®e

meefle FkeÀ: mLeeves ³eCed YeefJe<³eefle~ De$e efveCe&³e: keÀleg¥ ve Meke̳eles ³eled Deef®e meefle De®e: DeJ³eJeOeevemLeues DeLeJee

J³eJeOeevemLeues `³eCed' YeefJe<³eefle~ ³eefo J³eJeOeeves meefle `³eCed' YeefJe<³eefle leefn& `meefceOeced' Fl³e$e FkeÀejeled OekeÀejeled ®e

Hejced DekeÀejªHe: De®ed Deefmle~ SJeb meefle cekeÀejeled Hejm³e FkeÀ: ³eCed YeJeefle~ SJeced De$e DeefveäªHeb YeJeefle~

’meefle meHleceer“ mJeerkeÀejs mevosnm³e e fvejekeÀjCeb ve YeJeefle~ SJeced Deef®e meefle HetJe&m³e ³eCed m³eeled DeLeJee Hejm³e?

HetJe&m³e ³eCeeosMes megÿg YeJeefle~ oefOe + GokeÀced - Fl³e$e OekeÀejeled Hejm³e FkeÀejm³e De®edlJeb mJeerkeÀ=l³e meefvOe: ef¬eÀ³eles

®esled lemceeled Hejm³e GkeÀejm³e iegCeesçefHe ÒeeHveesefle~

SJeb efmLeleew DeJ³eJeefnleªHesCe Deef®e Hejs ³eCed YeJeefle~ ve J³eJeefnleªHesCe Fl³eLe&m³e J³eJemLeeefveefceÊeb met$eejcYe:~

J³eJeOeeveb ve YeJesled Fefle efJeOeeveeLe¥ met$eÒeJe=efÊe:~ Hejm³e DeJ³eJeefnleHetJe&m³e mLeues efn keÀe³e¥ YeJeefle~ megOeer + GHeem³e:

(med + G -meg, Oe + F& - Oeer, G + Hed + Deemed + ³ed + De : - GHeem³e:) De$e `meg' Fl³e$e GkeÀej: FkedÀ, `Oeer'

Fl³e$e F&keÀej: De®ed Hej:, F&keÀejesçefHe FkedÀ, F& Fl³emceeled Hej: `GHeem³e' Fl³em³e GkeÀej: De®ed, leLewJe FkedÀ~ SJeb kegÀ$e

³eCed m³eeled Fefle Deefve³ece: YeJeefle~ Òeke=ÀlemLeues efve³eceefJeOeeveeLe¥ HeefjYee<ee ÒeJele&les~ lesve efJeOeeveb YeJeefle ³eled

meHleceerefJeYekeÌl³ee efveefo&ä: ³e: JeCe&: DeLeJee Meyo: lem³e DeJ³eJeefnleHetJe&m³e JeCe&m³e mLeeves DeeosMe: ÒeeHveesefle~

FkeÀes ³eCeef®e - Deef®e Hejs leoJ³eJeefnleHetJe&m³e FkeÀ: mLeeves ³eCeeosMe: YeJeefle~ megOeer + GHeem³e: - GHeem³e Fl³em³e

GkeÀej: De®ed YeJeefle~ lem³e DeJ³eJeefnleHetJe&m³e `Oeer' Fl³em³e F&keÀej mLeeves ³eCeeosMe: YeJeefle~ megOed ³ed + GHeem³e: -

megO³egHeem³e:~ Dele: De$e meHleceer HejmeHleceer yeesO³ee~ S®eesç³eJee³eeJe:, Jeevlees ef³eÒel³e³es, Sef[b HejªHeced, Peueeb peMed

PeefMe Fl³eeefomet$es<eg meHlec³evleHeoefveoxMesve ef¬eÀ³eceeCekeÀe³e&mLeues Fob met$eced GHeefmLeleb YeJeefle~ meHleclevleHeosve efveefo&äm³e

DeJ³eJeefnleHetJe&m³e SJeb keÀe³e¥ YeJeefle SJeb efve³ece: De$e mJeeref¬eÀ³eles~

leeqmceved Meyo: meHlec³evlem³e DevegkeÀjCeb YeJeefle~ `Fefle' Meyo: leoLe¥ yeesOeef³elegced GefÎä:~ `mebefnlee³eeced' Fl³eefOekeÀejs

keÀeueke=Àleced DeJ³eJeOeeveb JeCee&vlejm³e SJe YeJeefle~ mebefnleeefOekeÀejyeefnYet&leefJe<e³es keÀeueke=ÀleJ³eJeOeeves DeeosMe: ÒeeHveesefle~

osJeleeÜvÜs ®e (6.3.25), Deeqive½e efJe<Ceg½e - DeiveeefJe<Ceg Fefle ÜvÜ:~ De$e efJeûenoMee³eeced GÊejHeob ie=nerlJee HetJe&m³e

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Deeve*d DeeosMe: YeJeefle~ Deeve*d DeeosMe: ve mebefnleeefOekeÀejmecye×:~ Dele: efJeûenle: Je=efÊeoMee³eeb keÀeueieleJ³eJeOeeves

meefle `Deeve*d' DeeosMe: YeJeefle~

DeefleMee³eves leceefJeÿveew - Fefle met$es meHlec³evleb Heoced Deefmle~ Hejvleg De$e F³eb HeefjYee<ee ve Òe³egp³eles~ meHlec³evle:

DeefleMee³eveHeoeLe&: ve MeyomleªHeefJe<e³ekeÀ:~ me DeLe&mJeªHeefJe<e³ekeÀ: Dele: DeJ³eJeefnlees®®eejCeced De$e ie=¿eles~

2.7 mene³ekeÀûevLemet®eer

7. efme×evlekeÀewcegoer - ieesHeeueoÊeHeeC[s³e, ®eewKecyee, 2004

8. efme×evlekeÀewcegoer - ieesHeeueke=À<CeoeMe, keÀeoeqcyeveeroeMe;, S.kesÀ.efceÞe, keÀìkeÀ, 2016

9. Jew³eekeÀjCeefme×evlekeÀewcegoer -1 - ieesefJevoe®ee³e&, ®eewKecyee megjYeejleerÒekeÀeMeve, JeejeCemeer, 2017

10. J³eekeÀjCeoHe&Ce - Odisha State Bureau of Text Book Preparation and Production,

Bhubaneswar, 2013

11. HeeefCeveer³eJ³eekeÀjCem³e Yee<eeJew%eeefvekeÀeO³e³eveced -MeefMeYet<eCeefceÞe, The Banaras Mercantile Co,

Kolkota, 2012

12. J³eekeÀjCeMeeðeesefleneme: - ueeskeÀceefCeobneue, Yeejleer³eefJeÐeeÒekeÀeMeveced, efouueer, 2007

2.8 DeeoMe&ÒeMvee:

1. SkesÀve Heosve / SkesÀve Jeeke̳esve Jee GÊejb oÊe~ (1 marks each)

keÀ) efìled - Fl³em³e keÀ: DeLe&:?

Ke) efkeÀled - Fl³em³e keÀ: DeLe&:?

ie) DeefveOee&efjlemecyevOeefJeMes<ee <eÿer keÀer¢Meer <eÿer yeesO³ee?

Ie) mLeeveced Fl³em³e keÀesçLe&:?

*) Òeme²s meefle keÀer¢Me: DeeosMe: m³eeled?

®e) ³e$eeveskeÀefJeOeceevle³e¥ le$e keÀer¢Meced Deevle³e¥ yeueer³e:?

Pe) meHleceerefveoxMesve efJeOeer³eceeveb keÀe³e¥ kegÀ$e YeJeefle?

2. met$eeCeeb J³eeK³eeb kegÀ©le~ (5 marks each)

keÀ) DeeÐevleer ìefkeÀleew, Ke) efceo®eesçvl³eeled Hej:, *) leeqmceefVeefleefveefo&äs HetJe&m³e

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UNIT – III: TEXT: PARIBHĀSĀ SŪTRĀNI.

efJe<e³emet®eer :

3.1 Heþvem³e GÎsM³eced

3.2 lemceeefol³egÊejm³e

3.3 Deueesçvl³em³e

3.4 ef*®®e

3.5 Deeos: Hejm³e

3.6 DeveskeÀeueefMeled meJe&m³e

3.7 mene³ekeÀûevLemet®eer

3.8 DeeoMe&ÒeMvee:

3.1 Heþvem³e GÎsM³eced

:( This book helps in learning…)

● 'उतथानम' पदसय परकियावयाखया…..

● 'ङिि' ककम …..

● अल sनिसय सतरसय अपवादः 'आदः परसय' ….

● 'अनकाल'- 'मशि'-आदशय ः परय गः….

3.2 efme.keÀew 41. lemceeefol³egÊejm³e (1.1.67)

Je=efÊe: - HeáeceerefveoxMesve ef¬eÀ³eceeCeb keÀe³e¥ JeCee&vlejsCeeJ³eJeefnlem³e Hejm³e %es³eced~

J³eeK³ee - lemceeled + Fefle + GÊejm³e~ lemceeled Fefle Heáec³evleevegkeÀjCeced Fefle DeJ³e³eced~ GÊejm³e <eÿîevleced~

leeqmceefVeefleefveefo&äs - Fl³ele: `efveefo&äs' Fl³em³e DevegJe=efÊe:~

Heáec³evleHeom³e efveoxMesve ef¬eÀ³eceeCeb keÀe³e¥ JeCee&vlejsCe DeJ³eJeefnlem³e Hejm³e mLeeves YeJesled~ `lemceeled' Fefle Heoced Fefle

³eesieeled Heáec³evlem³e DevegkeÀjCeb YeJeefle~ DevegJe=Êem³e `efveefo&äs' Fefle Heom³e efJeYeeqkeÌleefJeHeefjCeecesve Heáec³evleb YeJeefle~

³esve met$eeLe&:- HeáeceerefJeYekeÌles: efveoxMesve efJeOeer³eceeveb keÀe³e¥ lem³e Hejm³e JeCe&m³e YeJeefle~ ceO³es Dev³em³e JeCe&m³e

J³eJeOeeveb ve YeJeefle ®esled Dem³e met$em³e keÀe³e¥ ÒeJe=Êeb YeJeefle~ Fob met$eb `leeqmceefVeefle efveefo&äs HetJe&m³e' Fefle met$em³e

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Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 17

ÒeefleªHekebÀ YeJeefle~ le$e HetJe&m³e DeJ³eJeefnleHetJe&m³e mLeeves keÀe³e¥ YeJeefle~ Devesve met$esCe DeJ³eJeefnleHejm³e mLeeves efJeOeeveb

YeJeefle~

GoenjCeced - ܳevle©HemeiexY³eesçHe F&led (6.3.97) ܳevleªHemeiexY³e: - De$e Heáec³evleefveoxMesve keÀe³e&efJeOeeveb

YeJeefle~ efÜ, Devlej, GHemeie& - SY³e: Hejm³e `De³e:' F&led m³eeled~ Hejm³e keÀm³e mLeeves F&led m³eeled? De$e `Deeos:

Hejm³e' Fefle HeefjYee<ee met$em³e DeeJeM³ekeÀlee Deefmle~ Hejs ³eod Deefmle, lem³e Deeefo JeCe&m³e mLeeves DeeosMe: YeJesled~

ܳees: Heeée&³ees: ielee: DeeHe: ³eeqmceved Fefle J³eefOekeÀjCeyengJe´´erefn:~ efÜ + DeHed ~ efÜ + DeHed + De - $eÝkeÌHetjyOet:

HeLeeceeve#es (5.4.74) Fefle meceemeevle: `De'Òel³e³e:~ `efÜ' Fl³em³e Hejm³e~ `DeHed' Fl³em³e F&led m³eeled,

ܳevle©HemeiexY³ees...... Fefle met$esCe~ Deeos: Hejm³e Fefle met$esCe `DeHed' Fl³em³e Deeos: `De' m³e mLeeves F&led YeJeefle~ efÜ

+ F&Hed + De - æÜerHe Fefle ªHeb YeJeefle ~ Dev³eod GoenjCeced - F&oeme: (7.2.83) Deeme: F&led~ Deemed + Meeve®ed ,

Deemed Deeve (ueMekeÌJeleef×les Fefle Med Fled , nuevl³eced Fefle ®ed Fled)~ `Deeme:' Fefle Heáeceer efveoxMesve DeJ³eJeefnlem³e

Hejm³e `Deeve' Fl³em³e `Dee' Fefle mLeeves `F&' YeJeefle~ Deemed+ F&ved - `Deemeerve' Fefle ªHeb YeJeefle~

Go: mLeemlecYees: HetJe&m³e (8.4.61) - De$e `Go:' Heáec³evleb Heoced~ lesve efveefo&äb keÀe³e¥ JeCee&vlejsCe DeJ³eJeefnlem³e

`Go:' Hejm³e mLeeves YeJesled~ Fob HeefjYee<eemet$eced~ HeefjYee<ee mJeelev$³esCe ve efkeÀefáeod efJeOeeveb keÀjesefle~ efJeefOemet$esCe men

efceefueleb meled efve³eceJ³eJemLeeb megieceb keÀjesefle~ God + mLeeveced - Go: mLeemlecYees: HetJe&m³e Fefle met$esCe HetJe&meJeCe&: ÒeeHle:

YeJeefle~ le$e Heáec³evleHeom³e efveoxMesve DeJ³eJeefnlem³e Hejm³e mLeeves DeeosMe: YeJesled~ `Go:' Fefle Heáec³evleb Heoced~

lele: Hejm³e `mLee' Fl³em³e HetJe&meJeCe&: YeJesled~ le$e mecem³ee DeeHeleefle~ Deeos: Hejm³e Fefle met$em³e mene³³esve `mLee'

Fl³em³e Deeos: `me' Fl³em³e HetJe&meJeCe&: YeJeefle~ mekeÀejmLeeves HetJe&meJeCe&: `Le' keÀej: YeJeefle~ God + mLeeveced, God+ Led

+ Leeveced Keefj®e (8.4.55) Fefle okeÀejm³e ®elJe¥ YeJeefle DeLee&&led om³e mLeeve `le' YeJeefle~ Gled + Led +Leeveced~

GledLedLeeveced~ PejesPeefjmeJeCex (8.4.65) LekeÀejm³e Heef#ekeÀes ueesHe:~ lesve GlLeeveced Fefle ªHeced~ ueesHeeYeeJeHe#es leg

LekeÀejm³e ÞeJeCeced~

3.3 efme.keÀew (42) Deueesçvlem³e (1.1.52)

Je=efÊe: - <eÿerefveefo&äm³eevl³em³eeue DeeosMe: m³eeled~

J³eeK³ee - Deue: Devl³e m³e~ `Deue:' <eÿîevleced~ Devl³em³e <eÿîevleced~ <eÿermLeeves³eesiee Fl³ele: `<eÿer' `mLeeves'

Fefle Heo³ees: DevegJe=efÊe:, <eÿîevle Heosve efveefo&äb keÀe³e&ced Devl³em³e Deue: mLeeves YeJeefle~ Deued Òel³eenejs meJex JeCee&:

ie=nerlee:~ Deued Meyo: ue#³e©HesCe kesÀJeueced SkeÀm³e JeCe&m³e yeesOekeÀ: YeJeefle~ met$es Heefþle: Deued Meyo: JeCe&He³ee&³e:~

kesÀveeefHe met$esCe <e<þerefJeYekeÌl³evlem³e Heom³e Òe³eesiesCe keÀe³e¥ ³eefo efveefo&äb YeJeefle, leefnB le$e keÀer¢Me: efve³ece: mJeeref¬eÀ³eles?

leled met$eb SJeb J³eJeefmLeleb keÀjesefle - lem³e Meyom³e (<eÿîevlem³e) Devl³em³e JeCe&m³e mLeeves lem³e Meyom³e

(<eþîevlem³e) Devl³em³e JeCe&m³e mLeeves keÀe³e¥ YeJeefle~

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Goe³njCeced - Delees oerIeex ³eef_e (7.3.101)- Dele: De²m³e oerIe&: m³eeod ³e_eeoew meeJe&OeelegkesÀ Hejs~ `Dele:' -

`Deled' Fl³em³e <eÿîevleb ªHeced~ lesve efveefo&äb keÀe³e¥ `oerIe&:'~ Heþ + efce - De²meb%ekeÀm³e `Heþ' Fl³em³e Devl³em³e

DekeÀejm³e oerIe&: YeJeefle ~ met$es De²m³e oerIe&: Fefle efJeOeeveced Deefmle~ De$e De²m³e Devl³em³e Deue: oerIe&: YeJeefle Fefle

Deefve³eces efve³eceJ³eJemLee~

l³eoeoerveece: (7.2.102) - l³eod, leod, ³eod, Sleod, Foced, SkeÀ, efÜ - Sles<eeced Devl³em³e Deue: mLeeves DekeÀej:

m³eeod efJeYekeÌleew Hejle:~ l³eod - Fl³eeoerveeced `De:' DeeosMe:~ kegÀ$e me DeeosMe: m³eeled? <eÿerefveoxMeeled Devl³em³e Deue:

mLeeves De: m³eeled - Fefle Deefve³ecesefve³ece:~ leod meg ~ `leod' Fl³em³e Devl³e: Deued `o'~ lem³e mLeeves De: DeeosMe:~ le

+ De + meg - led + De + De + meg - led + De + meg (DeleesiegCes - 6.1.97 Fefle HejªHe: SkeÀeosMe:)~ led + De

+ med (GHeosMesçpeveg...Fefle GkeÀej: Fled) ~ med + De + med (leoes: me: meeJevevl³e³ees: (7.1.106), l³eoeoerveeced

Devevl³e³ees: lem³e om³e ®e `me' DeeosMe: m³eeled meew Hejle:) - memed - `med' Fl³em³e efJemeiee&osMes `me:' Fefle ªHeced ~

`leo'd Meyom³e Hegbefue²s ÒeLecewkeÀJe®eves~ efoJe Deewled (7.1.84) `efoJed' Fefle ÒeeefleHeefokeÀm³e Deewled m³eeled meew Hejs~

`efoJe:' Fefle <eÿerefveoxMe: ~ <eÿerefveefosMesve Deevl³em³e Deue: `Jed' Fl³em³e mLeeves `Deew' DeeosMe:~ efoJed + meg - efo +

Deewled + meg - efo + Deew + meg - Ðeew + med- Ðeew:~

Deueesçvl³em³e Fefle met$es S®e FiOemJeeosMes (1.1.48) Fl³ele: `DeeosMes' Fl³em³e ÒeLeceevlesve efJeYeeqkeÌleefJeHeefjCeecesve

DevegJe=efÊe:~ kesÀ®eve `DeeosMe:' Fl³eO³eenej: Fefle mJeerkegÀJe&efvle~ lesve keÀm³eeefHe mLeeves Deueesçvl³em³e Fl³em³e GHeefmLeefle:

ve YeJeefle~ DeeOe&OeelegkeÀm³es[d Jeueeos: (7.2.35) Fl³evesve ³e: F[eiece: DeeOe&OeelegkeÀm³e Devl³em³e Deue: YeJesled~

Heþd + le= - Fl³e$e DeeOe&OeelegkeÀ Òel³e³em³e le= Fl³em³e $eÝkeÀejm³e F[eiece: YeJesled~ Slesve DeefveäªHeb YeJesled~ De$e `le='

Fl³emceeled ÒeekedÀ F[eosMe: Fefle FäÒeef¬eÀ³ee~ Dele: DeeosMeHeom³e DevegJe=l³ee DeO³eenejsCe Jee DeeosMemLeues Deueesçl³em³e

Fefle met$em³e ÒeJe=efÊe: YeJeefle, ve DeeiecemLeues Fefle efve<keÀ<e&:~

3.4 efme.keÀew (43) ef*®®e (1.1.53)

Je=efÊe: - De³eceH³evl³em³ewJe m³eeled~ meJe&m³e .... (met.45) Fl³em³eeHeJeeo:

J³eeK³ee - *d – Fled + ®e ~ *d (*keÀej:) Fled ³em³e me: ef*led, yengye´erefn:~ ÒeLeeceevleced~ ®e Fefle DeJ³e³eced~

Deueesçvl³em³e Fl³ele: `Deue:' `Devl³em³e' leLee <eÿer mLeeves³eesiee Fl³ele: `mLeeves' Fefle Heo$e³em³e DevegJe=efÊe:, <eÿer

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Fl³em³eeefHe DevegJe=l³ee megiecelee YeefJe<³eefle~ <eÿerefveoxMesve ³e: ef*oeosMe: me: Devl³em³e mLeeves YeJeefle - Fefle met$em³e

Je=efÊe:~ De³eced DeefHe - De³eb ef*oeosMe: DeefHe Devl³em³e Deue: mLeeves YeJeefle~

meJe&m³e Fl³em³eeHeJeeo:~ Fob met$eced `DeveskeÀeueefmeMeled meJe&m³e' (1.1.55) Fl³em³e DeHeJeeo:~ met$ekeÀej:

SkeÀJeCe&elcekeÀm³e DeveskeÀJeCee&lcekeÀm³e ®e DeeosMeefJe<e³es $eerefCe met$eeefCe GHemLeeHe³eefle~ Deueesçvl³em³e, ef*®®e,

DeveskeÀeuedefMeledmeJe&m³e Fefle~ HetJe¥ Òeefle Hejmet$eb yeueJeÊejced~ Deueesçvl³em³e (1.1.52) Fefle met$eeHes#e³ee ef*®®e

(1.1.53) yeueJeÊejced~ GYe³eeHes#e³ee DeveskeÀeuedefMeledmeJe&m³e (1.1.55) Fefle met$eb yeueJeÊeceb m³eeled~ met$ekeÀej:

ef*®®e Fefle met$eb HetJe&ced GHev³emleJeeved DeHeJeeomet$eªHesCe~ DeHeJeeomet$eb Hejmet$eb yeeOeles~

Hejefvel³eevlej²eHeJeeoeveecegÊejesÊejb yeueer³e:~ HetJee&Hes#e³ee Hejmet$eced, HejeHes#e³ee efvel³emet$eced, efvel³eeHes#e³ee

Devlej²met$eced, Devlej²eHes#e³ee DeHeyeeomet$eced SJeced ¬eÀcesCe GÊejesÊejb yeueJeÊejced~ DeHeesÐeles JeeO³eles Devesve Fefle

DeHeJeeo:~ ³esve veeÒeeHles ³ees efJeefOejejY³eles me lem³eeHeJeeo:~ SkesÀve efJeefOevee DeJeM³eb ÒeeHles meefle lem³e ue#³em³e

meeOevee³e ³e: Dev³e: efJeefOe: DeejY³eles me HetJe&efJeOes: DeHeJeeo:~ veeÒeeHles Fl³e$e ve (veáe) ܳeced~ ve + DeÒeeHles - ve +

ve + ÒeeHles~ ve ÒeeHle: DeÒeeHle: Fefle veáe meceeme: leeqmceved DeÒeeHles~ ve DeÒeeHles - veeÒeeHles~ mecYeeJ³eefve<esOeefveJeÊe&ves

Üew Òeefle<esOeew Jee®³eew~ Two negatives make strong affirmative. veܳesve efJeOes: yeueyelee

Del³eefOekebÀ YeJeefle~ ve DeÒeeHles DeLee&led DeJeM³ecÒeeHles ³ees efJeOeer: DeejY³eles me lem³e efJeOes: yeueJeod yeeOekeÀ: DeHeJeeo:

YeJeefle~ DeHeJeeo: HetJe¥ HetJe¥ efJeefOeb Òeefle meJee&Hes#e³ee yeueJeÊej:~

³eeqmceved DeeosMes *b (*bkeÀej:) Fled me ef*led~ Deve*d, DeJe*d, F³e*d, GJe*d, - SJeced DeeosMe: ef*led, ef*®®e Fefle

met$em³e DeefYeÒee³e: YeJeefle ³eled <e<þerefJeYeeqkeÌleefveefo&ä: ³e: ef*led DeeosMe: me: Devl³em³e Deue: mLeeves YeJeefle~

Devl³eeosMeefveefceÊeb HetJe&ced Deueesçvl³em³e Fefle met$eceefmle~ Devl³em³e Deue: mLeeves ef*led DeeosMe: m³eeled Fefle He=Leied efJeOes:

efkebÀ Òe³eespeveced? SJeb met$e¬eÀceb ³eefo HeM³eece: le$e HeeLe&ke̳eced DeJeiec³eles~ Deueesçvl³em³e Fefle Dem³e DeveskeÀeueefMeled

meJe&m³e HejlJeeled yeeOekebÀ YeJeefle~ ef*®®e Fefle Devl³eeosMeesçefHe Hejm³e DeveskeÀeueefMele dmeJe&m³e GHeJeeo: YeJeefle~ SJeb

met$e$e³em³e Òe³eespeveb efYeVeced~

DeveskeÀeuedefMelmeJe&m³e Fefle met$esCe SJeb ³egp³eles ³eled ³e$e DeeosMe: DeveskeÀeued le$e meJe&m³e mLeeves DeeosMe: YeJeefle~ ³eefo

DeveskeÀeued DeeosMe: ef*led YeJeefle leefn& Devl³em³e JeCe&m³e mLeeves YeJeefle~ ³eefo ef*led SkeÀJeCee&lcekeÀ: DeeosMe: le$e ve

keÀeefHe mecem³ee~ ³e$e ef*led DeeosMe: DeveskeÀeued (DeveskeÀeJeCee&lcekeÀ:) le$e Devl³em³e JeCe&m³e mLeeves DeeosMe: YeJeefle Fefle

De³eb efJeefOe: DeveskeÀeueefMeled meJe&m³e Fl³em³e DeHeJeeo: YeJeefle~ SJeb ef*led keÀjCem³e Devl³eeued mLeeves DeeosMeefveefceÊeced

SkebÀ Òe³eespeveced ~

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ef*le: Devl³eeosMem³e GoenjCeced - iees + Deûeced - ieJeeûeced~ iees + Deûeced - DeJe*d mHeÀesìe³evem³e

(6.1.123)Fefle met$esCe DeJe*d DeeosMe:~ Deueesçvl³em³e Fl³evl³eeosMeÒeeHleew De$e DeJe*d DeeosMe: DeveskeÀeued DeLee&led

DeveskeÀJeCee&lcekeÀ:~ DeveskeÀeuedefMeledmeJe&m³e Fl³evesve `iees' Meyom³e mLeeves DeJe*d DeeosMe: ÒeeHveesefle~ efkeÀvleg DeeosMem³e

ef*lkeÀejCeeled Devl³em³e Deue: DeLee&led `iees' Fl³em³e Devl³em³e DeeskeÀejm³e mLeeves DeJe*d DeeosMe: YeJeefle~ ef*®®e Fefle

DeveskeÀeuemet$em³e DeHeyeeo: Fefle yeuesve~ iees + Deûeced - ied + DeJe + Deûeced - ieJeeûeced~ Deve*d meew (7.1.93)

meefKeMeyom³e ÒeLecewkeÀJe®eves ªHeced - meefKe meg, Deve*d meew Fefle DeveskeÀeued efMeled meJe&m³e Fefle Hejb yeeefOelJee ef*®®e Fefle

DeHeJeeoyeuesve Devl³em³e Deue: mLeeves Deve*d DeeosMe:~ meefKe + meg - meKed + Deved meg - meKeved + meg meJe&veecemLeeves

®eemecyeg×ew (6.4.8) Fefle veevlem³e GHeOeeoerIe&:~ meKeeved me - med Fefle DeHe=Jeleb nued uegH³eles~ ved Fefle

ÒeeefleHeeefokeÀevlem³e ueesHe:~ meKee Fefle ªHeb efme×ced~

Deeve² $eÝlees ÜvÜs (6.3.24) - ceelee ®e efHelee ®e~ ®eeLexÜvÜ: Fefle ÜvÜmeceeme:~ meceemeeled ke=ÀÊeef×lemeceemee½e Fefle

ÒeeefleHeeefokeÀmeb%ee~ ceele=efHele=~ megHeesOeelegÒeeefleHeeefokeÀ³ees: Fefle megyed uegkedÀ~ ceele= Fl³em³e $eÝkeÀejm³e mLeeves Deeve²d

DeeosMe:~ DeeosMe: DeveskeÀeued ef*led ®e ~ lele: ceeleeefHele= ÒeLeceeefÜJe®eves ceeleeefHelejew Fefle ªHeced~

ef*led keÀjCem³e Dev³eled Òe³eespeveb iegCeJe=ef×efve<esOeeefo le$e ef*led keÀjCem³e ve Devl³eeosMe: Jemlegle: meJee&osMe:

Òe³eespeveHeeLe&ke̳eeled ef*led keÀjCem³e~ YeJeleg - YeJe Fefle #es$es ueesefì-ÒeLeceHeg©<ewkeÀJe®eves ceO³eceHeg©<ewkeÀJe®eves ®e

DeeMeerJee&oeLex leele*d DeeosMe: YeJeefle~ YeJeleg – YeJeleeled, YeJe-YeJeleeled ~ De$e Devl³em³e JeCe&m³e mLeeves leele*eosMe:

ve YeJeefle ~ leg-mLeeves leLee efn-mLeeves meJe&m³e mLeeves leele*deosMe: YeJeefle~ le$e leele*d Fefle Dem³e ef*ledkeÀjCem³e

Òe³eespeveb ve Devl³eeosMe:~ iegCeJe=ef×efve<esOemeecÒemeejCeeefo Òe³eespeveced~

leele*d - ef*led, keÀeq*defle ®e (1.1.5) Fefle iegCeefve<esOe:~ mlegleeled, ³egleeled - Glees Je=ef×ueg&efkeÀ nefue (7.3.89) Fefle

Je=ef×ÒeeHleew leele*: ef*led - keÀjCeeled Je=ef×efve<esOe:~ SJeb ef*led yengÒe³eespevemLeues DeveskeÀeuedefMeledmeJe&m³e Fefle meJee&osMe:~

kesÀJeueced Devl³eeosMemLeues ef*®®e Fefle met$eÒeJe=efÊe:~ (ê.-efme.keÀew (2197) leg¿eesmleele*eefMe<³ev³elejm³eeced

(7.1.35)~

De$e DeveskeÀeulJeeled meJee&osMe:~ ³eÐeefHe ef*®®e Fl³e³eceHeJeeomleLeeH³evev³eeLe&ef*ÊJes<Jeve*eefo<eg ®eefjleeLe& Fefle

iegCeJe=ef×Òeefle<esOemecÒemeejCeeÐeLe&le³ee mecYeJelÒe³eespeve*keÀejs leeleef* cevLejb ÒeJe=Êe: HejsCe yeeO³eles~

Fneslmeiee&HeJeeo³eesjefHe meceyeuelJeeled~ (ê. Yee 1.1.53)

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3.5 efme.keÀew (44) Deeos: Hejm³e (1.1.54)

Je=efÊe: - Hejm³e ³eod efJeefnleb leÊem³eeosyeexO³eced~ `Deueesçvl³em³e' (met.42) Fl³em³eeHeJeeo:~

J³eeK³ee - Deeos: <eÿîevleced~ Hejm³e -<eÿîevleced, <e<þer mLeeves³eesiee Fl³ele: `<e<þer' Deueesçvl³em³e Fl³ele: `Deue:'

Fefle ܳem³e DevegJe=efÊe:~ Hejm³e mLeeves efJeOeer³eceeveb keÀe³e&ced, lem³e Deeos: Deue: mLeeves m³eeled Fefle yeesO³eced~

Deueesçvl³em³e Fl³em³e DeHeJeeo:~ met$eeLe&: - <eÿîevleefveoxMesve Hejm³e ³eled keÀe³e¥ YeJeefle, leled lem³e Hejm³e Deeos:

Deue: mLeeves YeJesled~ GoenjCeced - Go: mLeemlecYees: HetJe&m³e ( 8.4.60) ~ Go: GHemeiee&led Hej³ees: mLeemlecYees:

HetJe&meJeCe&: m³eeled~ lemceeefol³egÊejm³e Fefle HeefjYee<eemet$esCe Heáec³evleefveoxMesve efJeOeer³eceeveb keÀe³e&ced DeJ³eJeefnleesÊejm³e

mLeeves YeJeefle~ Heáec³evleefveefo&äeled Go: Hej³ees: `mLee' Fl³em³e `mlecYe' Fl³em³e ®e HetJe&meJeCe&: DeeosMe: m³eeled~

Deueesçvl³em³e Fefle HeefjYee<eemet$esCe Devl³em³e Deue: mLeeves De³eced DeeosMe: ÒeeHveesefle~ efkeÀvleg Deeos: Hejm³e - lem³e

DeHeJeeomet$eced~ lesve Hejm³e `mLee' Fl³em³e `mlecYe' Fl³em³e ®e Deeos: mekeÀejm³e mLeeves HetJe&meJeCe&: DeeosMe: YeJeefle~

Fob met$eb lemceeefol³egÊejm³e Fefle met$em³e HeefjHetjkebÀ YeJeefle~ GYe³ees: met$e³ees: mecevJe³esve SJeb HeÀefueleeLe&: YeJeefle ³eled -

lemceeefol³egÊejm³e Fl³evesve Hejm³e ³eled keÀe³e¥ YeJeefle, leled Hejm³e Deeos: JeCe&m³e mLeeves YeJeefle~ vee$e Devl³eeosMe: veJee

meJee&osMe:~ SJeb Deueesçvl³em³e DeHeJeeoªHesCe Hejm³e Deeos: JeCe&m³e mLeeves DeeosMeb efJeOeeveeLe¥ met$em³eem³e ÒeJe=efÊe:~ Go:

mLeemlecYees: HetJe&m³e Fefle Dem³e Òeeq¬eÀ³ee lemceeefol³egÊejm³e Fl³e$e êäJ³ee~ le$e `ÜerHe' Fl³em³eeefHe Òeef¬eÀ³ee oÊee~

ܳevle©HemeiexY³eesçHe F&led - efÜ + DeHed, efÜ + DeHed + De, efÜ + F&Hed + De - ÜerHe~ Hejm³e ³eod efJeOes³eced leled lem³e

Deeos: yeesO³eced~ `DeHe' Fl³em³e Deeos: `De' Fl³em³e `F'& YeJeefle~ lesve efÜ + DeHe - ÜerHe Fefle ªHeb YeJeefle~

Deueesçvl³em³e Fl³em³e DeHeJeeo:~ vees®esled Devl³em³e Deue: mLeeves F&oeosMesve DeefveäªHeb m³eeled~

3.6•efme.keÀew (45) – DeveskeÀeuedefMeledmeJe&m³e (1.1.55)

Je=efÊe: - mHeäced~ `Deueesçvl³e' met$eeHeJeeo:~ DeäeY³e DeesMe (met. 372) Fl³eeoew `Deeos: Hejm³e' (met.44)

Fl³esleoefHe HejlJeeovesve yeeO³eles~

J³eeK³ee – DeveskeÀ - Deued + efMeled (Med - Fled) meJe&m³e~ ve SkeÀ: DeveskeÀ:, ve_ed lelHeg©<e:~ DeveskeÀ: Deued ³em³e me:

DeveskeÀeued, yengye´erefn:~ Med (MekeÀej:) Fled ³em³e me: efMeled, yengye´erefn~ DeveskeÀeued ®e efMeled ®e Deve³ees: meceenej: -

meceenejÜvÜ:~ DeveskeÀeuedefMeled ³e$e DeeosMe: DeveskeÀeuedefJeefMeä: DeLeJee efMeled le$e DeeosMe: mecegoe³em³e mLeeves YeJesled~

Deueesçvl³em³e Fl³em³e `Deueesçvl³e' Fefle SkeÀosMeûenCes ve oes<e:~ SJeced DeebefMekeÀûenCesve ueeIeJeefmeef×:~ SJeced Dev³e$e

DeefHe leLewJe ¢äced~ ÒeeûeeréejeefVeHeelee: (1.4.56) Fl³e$e DeefOejeréejs (1.4.97) - met$em³e `jeréej' ûenCeceefHe

ke=Àleced~

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Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 22

J³eekeÀjCeMeeðes kegÀ$e DeeosMe: SkeÀeued kegÀ$e Jee DeveskeÀeued~ ³esve DeeosMesve SkeÀJeCe&m³e DeeosMe: me: SkeÀeue d~ ³e$e

SkeÀeefOekeÀm³e JeCe&m³e DeeosMe: me DeveskeÀeued~ ³e$e DeeosMes Med Fled me efMeled~ kegÀ$e mHeäle³ee efveoxMe: veeefmle ³eled

DeeosMe: mecegoe³em³e mLeeves m³eeled, DeLeJee Devl³em³e JeCe&m³e mLeeves m³eeled DeLeJee DeeefoJeCe&m³e mLeeves m³eeled ~

SJebefJeOemLeues Deefve³eceÒeme²: le$e efve³eceefJeOeeveeLe¥ HeefjYee<eemet$eb mene³ekeÀced~ Dele: DeveskeÀeued Fefle met$eb efve³eceb

oMe&³eefle ³eled DeveskeÀeuedefJeefMeä: DeeosMe: DeLeJee DeeosMe: efMeled YeJesled leefn& me DeeosMe: meJe&m³e mLeeves YeJeefle~

Deueesçl³em³e, ef*®®e, DeveskeÀeuedefMeledmeJe&m³e Fefle met$e$e³eb keÀm³e mLeeves DeeosMe: keÀjCeer³e:, leled mHeäb efveOee&j³eefle~

1. meeceev³ele: DeeosMe: SkeÀeued ®esled Devl³em³e Deue: mLeeves YeJeefle~

2. ef*led DeeosMe: SkeÀeued DeLeJee DeveskeÀeued YeJeefle ®esled leefn& Devl³em³e Deue: mLeeves efn YeJeefle~

3. ef*led J³eleerle: DeveskeÀeued DeeosMe: DeLeJee efMeled DeeosMe: YeJeefle ®esled leefn& mecegoe³em³e mLeeves YeJeefle~

DeeosMem³e SkeÀeuelJeefJe<e³es leLee DeveskeÀeuelJeefJe<e³es Fob O³es³eb ³eled DevegyevOeefJeefveceg&keÌleHeoeLe&m³ewJeesHeefmLeefle: DeLee&led

DevegyevOe(FledJeCe&) le: cegkeÌlem³e - jefnlem³e HeoeLe&m³e JeCe&m³e DeLeJee JeCe&mecegoe³em³e ue#³es keÀe³ex GHeefmLeefle:~ SJeb

efve³ecesve ³ees JeCe& Flme%ekeÀ: lem³e ueesHeb ke=ÀlJee ue#³es keÀe³e&mLeues `SkeÀeued' DeLeJee `DeveskeÀeued' Fefle efJeJes®eveb

keÀjCeer³eced~ veevegyevOeke=ÀleceveskeÀeued lJeced Fefle HeefjYee<e³ee DeeosMes Deeieces Jee DevegyevOeke=Àleced DeveskeÀeuedlJeb ve

mJeeref¬eÀ³eles~ DeJe*d - DeeosMemLeues `*'keÀejm³e Fled meb%ee ueesHe: ®e~ le$e `DeJe' Fl³e$e JeCe&$e³eced~ le$e DeveskeÀeuelJeb

YeJeefle~

DeJe&CeðemeeJeve_e: (6.4.127) ve_ee jefnlem³e DeJe&ved Fl³e²m³e `le=' Fl³evleeosMe: meeled, ve leg meew~ Slesve met$esCe

`le=' DeeosMem³e DeveskeÀeuelJes DeefHe $eÝkeÀejm³e FlJeeled kesÀJeueb `led' efMe<³eles~ me ®e SkeÀeued~ le$e DevegyevOeke=Àleced

DeveskeÀeuedlJeb ve ie=¿eles~

`DeveskeÀeued' Fefle keÀejCeeled Demles Yet&: (2.4.52) Demles: DeeOe&OeelegkesÀ Hejs Yet: Fl³eeosMe: YeJeefle~ yeYetJe, YeefJelee

Fl³eeefo efme×îeefle~ De$e mecegoe³em³e `Demed' Fl³em³e mLeeves Yet-DeeosMe: YeJeefle~

Delees efYeme Ssmed (7.1.9) DekeÀejvleeod²eod efYeme Ssmed m³eeled~ DeveskeÀeuelJeeled meJee&osMe:~ jece + efYemed - jece+

Ssmed - jecew:~

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Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 23

efMeled efJe<e³ekeÀced GoenjCeced – DeäeY³e DeewMed (7.1.21) ke=ÀleekeÀejoäve: Hej³ees: pemed Memees: DeewMed m³eeled~

JewkeÀefuHekebÀ ®esoäve DeelJeced~ `DeäeY³e DeewMed Fl³eeoew `Deeos: Hejm³e' Fl³esleoefHe HejlJeeod Devesve JeeO³eles~

`DeäeY³e:' Fefle HeáeceerefveoxMesve `Deeos: Hejm³e' Fl³evesve Hejm³e DeeefoJeCe&m³e mLeeves DeeosMe: m³eeled~ efkeÀvleg Deeos:

Hejm³e Fefle met$eeHes#e³ee DeveskeÀeueefMeled met$eb Hejb yeueJeÊejb ®e~ Deäved + pemed - ®egìt Fefle `pe' Fled~ Deäved Dee

efJeYekeÌleew (7.2.84) Deä + Dee + Demed ~ DekeÀ: meJeCexoerIe&: - Deäe + Demed~ DeäeY³e DeewMed Fefle efMelJeeled

meJee&osMe:~ Deäe + DeewMed - Deäe + Deew - Deäew ~ `peMedMemees: Fefle <eÿerefveoxMesve Deueesçvl³em³e Fefle Devl³em³e

Deue: mLeeves DeewMed m³eeled~ DeveskeÀeueefMeled Fefle lem³e DeHeeJeeomet$eced~ efMelJeeled mecegoe³em³e mLeeves DeesMed - DeeosMe:

YeJeefle~

DeäeY³e: - Fefle HeáeceerefveoxMeeled lemceeefol³egÊejm³e `Deeos: Hejm³e' Fefle met$eܳesve Hejm³e ³eled keÀe³e¥ leÊem³e

DeeefoJeCe&m³e mLeeves YeJesled~ Deeos: Hejm³e (1.1.54) Fl³ele: DeveskeÀeued met$eb (1.1.55) Hejb met$eced~ efJeÒeefle<esOes

Hejb keÀe³e&ced Fefle Hejmet$eb Jeueer³emlJeeled Òe³egp³eles~ Deäe + DeewMed - Deäe + Deew~ peMedMemees: mLeeves DeewMed, Je=ef×jsef®e

(6.1.88) Fefle Je=ef×:, Deäew Fefle efme×ced~ `Deeos:Hejm³e' `DeveskeÀeued' Fl³eve³ees: efJeÒeefle<esOe: DeLee&led

legu³eyeueefJejesOe:~ Dev³e$eev³e$e ueyOeeJekeÀeMe³eesjskeÀeqmceved ³egieHelÒeJe=efÊemlegu³eyeueefJejesOe:~ SJeb mLeues Deeos: Hejm³e

Fl³em³e DeveskeÀeued... Fl³em³eeefHe ÒeJe=efÊe: YeJeefle~ DeäeY³e DeewMed Fefle mLeues ܳees: met$e³ees: legu³eyeueefJejesOe:~ SJeb

mLeues DeveskeÀeued... Hejb met$eced ~ le$e lem³e ÒeJe=efÊe:~ ³e$e DeveskeÀeued ... Fefle efJe<e³e: veeefmle le$e Deeos: Hejm³e ...

Fl³em³e ÒeeeqHle:~

3.7 mene³ekeÀûevLemet®eer

13. efme×evlekeÀewcegoer - ieesHeeueoÊeHeeC[s³e, ®eewKecyee, 2004

14. efme×evlekeÀewcegoer - ieesHeeueke=À<CeoeMe, keÀeoeqcyeveeroeMe;, S.kesÀ.efceÞe, keÀìkeÀ, 2016

15. Jew³eekeÀjCeefme×evlekeÀewcegoer -1 - ieesefJevoe®ee³e&, ®eewKecyee megjYeejleerÒekeÀeMeve, JeejeCemeer, 2017

16. J³eekeÀjCeoHe&Ce - Odisha State Bureau of Text Book Preparation and Production, Bhubaneswar, 2013

17. HeeefCeveer³eJ³eekeÀjCem³e Yee<eeJew%eeefvekeÀeO³e³eveced -MeefMeYet<eCeefceÞe, The Banaras Mercantile Co, Kolkota, 2012

18. J³eekeÀjCeMeeðeesefleneme: - ueeskeÀceefCeobneue, Yeejleer³eefJeÐeeÒekeÀeMeveced, efouueer, 2007

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3.8 DeeoMe&ÒeMvee:

1. SkesÀve Heosve / SkesÀve Jeeke̳esve Jee GÊejb oÊe~ (1 mark each)

keÀ) HeáeceerefveoxMesve ef¬eÀ³eceeCeb keÀe³e¥ kegÀ$e YeJeefle?

Ke) <eÿerefveefo&äs DeeosMe: kegÀ$e YeJeefle?

2. met$eeCeeb J³eeK³eeb kegÀ©le~ (5 marks each)

keÀ) lem³eeefol³egÊejm³e Ke) Deeos: Hejm³e, ie) DeveskeÀeequMeled meJe&m³e~

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UNIT - IV: TEXT: PARIBHĀSĀ SŪTRĀNI.

efJe<e³emet®eer :

4.1 Heþvem³e GÎsM³eced

4.2 mJeefjlesveeefOekeÀej:

4.2.1 Hejefvel³eevlej²eHeJeeoeveecegÊejesÊejb Jeueer³e: (He.39)

4.2.2 Deefme×b yeefnj²cevlej²s (He. 51)

4.2.3 Deke=ÀleJ³etne: HeeefCeveer³ee: (He.57)

4.3 mene³ekeÀûevLemet®eer

4.4 DeeoMe&ÒeMvee:

4.1 Heþvem³e GÎsM³eced

This book helps in learning…

● 'अकिवयहाः पाणणनीयाः' ….

● पवाापकषया परशासतर बलीयः( with seven explanations)….

4.2 efme.keÀew (46) mJeefjlesveeefOekeÀej: (1.3.11)

Je=efÊe: - mJeefjlelJe³egkeÌleb MeyomJeªHeceefOeke=Àleb yeesO³eced~ Hejefvel³eevlej²HeJeeoeveecegÊejesÊejb yeueer³e: (He.39)~

Deefme×b yeefnj²cevlej²s (He.51) ~ Deke=ÀleJ³egne: HeeefCeveer³ee: (He.57)~ efveefceÊeb efJeveeMeesvcegKeb ¢ädJee lelÒe³egkeÌleb

keÀe³e¥ ve kegÀJe&vleerl³eLe&:~

J³eeK³ee – mJeefjlesve + DeefOekeÀej:~ mJeefjlesve - le=leer³eevleced~ DeefOekeÀej: - ÒeLeceevleced~ mJeefjleef®eÚsve DeLeJee

mJeefjleOecexCe ³egkeÌleb MeyomJeªHeced Deûes DeefOekeÀejªHesCe J³eeHleb YeJeefle~

ÒeLeceHeefjYee<ee (He.39) - Hejced, efvel³eced, Devlej²ced, DeHeJeeo - S<eg Òel³eskeÀced GÊejesÊej¬eÀcesCe yeueJeÊejced~

efÜleer³eHeefjYee<ee (He.51) - Devlej²m³e keÀe³e&mLeues yeefnj²b keÀe³e&ced Deefme×ced~

le=leer³eHeefjYee<ee (He.57) - HeeefCeveer³ee: Deke=ÀleC³egne:, HeeefCeves: efMe<³ee: lem³e mecÒeoe³em³e Jew³eekeÀjCee:

efJeveeMeesvcegKeb efveefceÊeb ³eoe HeM³eefvle, lelÒe³egkeÌleb keÀe³e¥ ve kegÀJe&efvle~

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DeefOekeÀej: - J³eeHe=efÊe: J³eeHleªHesCe ÒeJe=efÊe:, HetJe&met$es Heefþle: Meyo: GÊejmet$es GÊejmet$es<eg Jee J³eeHle: YeJeefle ®esled

lem³e DeefOekeÀej: YeJeefle~ HetJee&mceeled met$eeled GÊejb met$eb Òeefle ieefleMeerueb Heoced DeefOekeÀejm³e efJe<e³e:~ mJee fjlesve Fefle

Meyosve mHeäb %ee³eles ³eled HeeefCeves: DeäeO³ee³³eeb met$eeefCe mJejef®eÚ³egkeÌleeefve DeLeJee mJejsCe G®®eeefjleeefve Deemeve d~

ívoesJeled met$eeefCe - Fefle met$eeCeeb ÞegefleJeled ÒeeceeC³eced~ met$es<eg mJejlees JeCe&leesçLe&lees Jee J³eefle¬eÀce: ve m³eeled Fefle nslees:

le$e mJejef®eÚeefve Deemeved~ mJeefjlesve - FlLecYetleue#eCes (2.3.21) le=leer³ee~ mJeefjlelJe³egkeÌleb met$eced DeefOekeÀejmet$eced~

HeeefCeefvevee DeefOekeÀejmet$es mJeefjlelJeyeesOekebÀ ef®eÚb Òe³egkeÌleced~ mecÒeefle ûevLes mJeefjleef®eÚb veeefmle~ Dele: J³eeK³eevelees

efJeMes<eÒeefleHeefÊeve&efn mevosneoue#eCeced - Fefle v³ee³esve J³eeK³eeveyeuesve DeefOekeÀej: %ee³eles~ DeefOekeÀej: GÊejmet$es<eg

mJeÒeYeeJeb met®e³eefle~ DeefOekeÀejes veece efJeefve³eesie:~ Òel³e³e: (3.1.1), Hej½e (3.1.2) SJeb met$e³ees: DeOeerkeÀej:

DeäeO³ee³ee: le=leer³eeO³ee³em³e ÒeejcYeeled HeáeceeO³ee³em³e meceeeeqHleb ³eeJeled ÒeJeÊe&les~ Oeelees: (3.1.91) - Dem³e

DeefOekeÀej le=leer³eeO³ee³em³e meceeeqHleb ³eeJeled YeJeefle~ SJeced De²m³e (6.4.1), Yem³e (6.4.129), Heom³e

(8.1.96), keÀejkesÀ (1.4.23) DeveefYeefnles (2.3.1) Fl³eeoerveeb met$eeCeeced DeefOekeÀej: Òeefle%eevegmeejb HejJeefle&<eg

met$es<eg ¢M³eles~ DeefOekeÀej:- DeefOeef¬eÀ³eles GÊejmet$eJ³eeHe=lelJesve Heþîeles Fefle DeefOekeÀej:, HetJe&met$em³e DeLeJee le$emLem³e

Heom³e GÊejmet$es GÊejmet$es<eg Jee DevegJe=efÊe: J³eeHe=efÊe:~ mJeosMes Jeeke̳eeLe&JeesOeMetv³elJes meefle HejosMes Jeeke̳eeLe&yeesOekeÀlJeced

DeefOekeÀejlJeced~ Fob celeced Demeceer®eerveced~ met$em³e ue#eCes lem³e meeLe&keÀlee Deefmle~ Dele: Jeeke̳eeLe&yeesOeMetv³elJeb ve

³egp³eles~

DeuHee#ejcemeefvoiOeb meejJeod efJeéelees cegKeced~

DemleesYeceveJeÐeb ®e met$eb met$eefJeoes efJeog: ~~

SJeced DeefOekeÀejmet$em³eeefle met$elJeeled meeLe&keÀlee Deefmle~ DeefOekeÀejmet$eb efJeefOemet$esCe DeeqvJeleb meled mJeJewefMeäîeb yeesOe³eefle~

mJeosMes ue#³emebmkeÀejJeeke̳eeLe&yeesOeMetv³elJes meefle efJeefOemet$ewkeÀJeeke̳eleeHeVelJesçLe&yeesOekeÀlced DeefOekeÀejlJeced~

Yee<³eJe®evesve J³eeK³eevesve ®e DeefOekeÀejm³e #es$eb JesefoleJ³eced~ mJeefjlelJe³egkeÌlesve efJeefJe³eesiesve lem³e ieefle: efkeÀ³eoJ³eeefHeveer

leod %eelegb ve Meke̳eles~ leÊJeyeesefOeveerkeÀej: mJeefjlesveeefOekeÀej: Fl³e$e efYeVeb Heo®ísob oMe&³eefle~ mJeefjles ve DeefOekeÀej:

Fefle~ mJeefjlesve DeLeJee mJeefjlesve SJeb efÜefJeOe: Heo®íso: keÀÊeg¥ Meke̳eles~ le=leer³e³ee mJeefjlelJe³egkeÌlesve Heosve DeefOekeÀej:

%eeleJ³e:~

mJeefjles Fefle meHlec³ee mJeefjles meefle mJeefjlelJe³egkeÌles Heos ¢äs meefle ve DeefOekeÀej: DeLee&led HetJee&efOekeÀejm³e efveJe=efÊe:~

DeefOekeÀejm³e kegÀ$e ÒeefJeefÊe: kegÀ$e Jee efveJe=efÊe: leled Òeefle%eeiec³eced DeLee&led Dee®ee³e&HejcHej³ee J³eeK³eevele: J³eJenejle: ®e

%eeleJ³eced~

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Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 27

4.2.1 efme.keÀew. - Hejefvel³eevlej²eHeJeeoeveecegÊejesÊejb yeueer³e: (He.39)

J³eeK³ee - F³eced SkeÀe HeefjYee<ee~ HetJee&Hes#e³ee Hejb yeueJeÊejced, HejeHes#e³eeefvel³eb yeueJeÊejced, efvel³eeHes#e³ee Devlej²b

yeueJeÊejced, Devlej²Hes#e³ee DeHeJeeo: yeueyeÊej:~ Hejb ®e efvel³eb ®e Devlej²b ®e DeHeJeeo: ®e les<eeefcelejslej³eesieÜvÜ:~

Hejefvel³eevlej²eHeJeeoe: les<eeced Hejefvel³eevlej²eHeJeeoeveeced~ ³ele½e efveOee&jCeced Fefle efveOee&jCes <e<þer~ GÊejesÊejced

DeevegHegJ³exx Üs Jee®³es Fefle Jeeefle&kesÀve GÊej-Meyom³e efÜlJeced~ keÀce&Oeej³eJeogÊejs<eg Fefle efJeYeeqkeÌleÌuegkedÀ~ GÊej + GÊej -

iegCe:, GÊejesÊej~ GÊejesÊej + meg veHegbmekeÀefue² meg-mLeeves Deced DeeosMe:~ GÊejesÊej + Deced, HetJe&ªHe SkeÀeosMe:,

GÊejesÊejced~ yeueer³e: - Foceve³eesjefleMe³esve yeueJeled - yeueMeyoeled, `efÜJe®eveefJeYep³eesHeHeos lejyeer³emegveew

(5.3.57)~ Fefle F&³emegved (F&³emed)~ yeue + F&³emed - ³em³esefle ®e Fefle uekeÀejesÊejm³e DekeÀejm³e ueesHe:~ yeueer³emed

veHegbmekeÀefue²s ªHeced~ HetJe&Hej¬eÀce: De<ìeO³ee³eer¬eÀcelees %ee³eles? SJeced De$e - Sles He#ee: mecYeJeefvle~

1. HetJee&Hes#e³ee Hejmet$eb yeueJeÊejced~

2. HejeHes#e³ee efvel³eMeeðeb yeueJeÊejced~

3. HejeHes#e³ee Devlej²Meeðeb yeueJeÊejced~

4. HejeHes#e³ee DeHeJeeoMeeðeb yeueJeÊejced~

5. efvel³eeHes#e³ee Devlej²Meeðeb yeueJeÊejced~

6. efvel³eeHes#e³ee DeHeJeeoMeeðeb yeueJeÊejced~

7. Devlej²eHes#e³ee DeHeJeeoMeeðeb yeueJeÊejced~

HetJee&Hes#e³ee HejMeeðeb yeueer³e:

efJeÒeefle<esOes Hejb keÀe³e&ced (1.4.2) Fefle v³ee³esve HetJe¥ HetJe¥ Òeefle GÊejesÊejb met$eb yeueer³e:~ ef$eHeeÐeeb ³eled Meeðeb le$e

efJeÒeefle<esOes ...Fefle HeefjYee<ee ve ³egp³eles~ ef$eHeeoeR efJene³e Dev³e$e Hejmet$eeHes#e³ee HetJe&met$eb ogye&ueb YeJeefle~ legu³eyeueefJejesOes

HejkeÀe³e¥ HetJee&Hes#e³ee yeueJeÊejced~ jece + Y³emed - Fl³e$e megefHe ®e (7.3.102) -³e_eeÐew megefHe Hejs Deleesç²m³e

oerIe&: m³eeled~ SJece$e oerIe&: ÒeeHveesefle ³eLee - jece + Y³eeced - jeceeY³eeced~ efkeÀvleg De$e yengJe®eves Peu³esled

(7.3.103) - Peueeoew yengJe®eves megefHe Hejs Deleesç²m³e SkeÀej: m³eeled~ ܳees: met$e³ees: DeJekeÀeMe: ÒeeHle:~

DeäeO³ee³eer¬eÀces megefHe ®e - HetJe&met$eced~ yengJe®eves Peu³esled - Hejmet$eced~ efJeÒeefle<esOes Hejb keÀe³e&ced - Fefle Hejmet$eb

yeueJeÊejced~ lesve HejkeÀe³e&: SkeÀejeosMe: YeJeefle~ jecesY³e: Fefle ªHeb efme×ced~

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Dev³eled GoenjCeced - Deeos: Hejm³e (1.1.54) DeveskeÀeuedefMeledmeJe&m³e (1.1.55) - Fefle HetJe&Hej³ees: Hejmet$eb

yeueJeÊejced~ DeäeY³e DeewMed - Fl³e$e-DeveskeÀeuedefMeledmeJe&m³e Fefle Hejmet$esCe `pemed' mLeeves DeewMed meJee&osMe:~ De<ìew Fefle

ªHeb efme×ced~

HejeHes#e³ee efvel³eMeeðeb yeueer³e: -

HejkeÀe³ee&Hes#e³ee efvel³ekeÀe³e¥ yeueJeÊejced~ De$e efJekeÀuHesve keÀe³e¥ ve ke=ÀlJee efvel³esve keÀe³e¥ YeJesled De$e leg ke=Àleeke=ÀleÒeme²er

efvel³e: Fefle efvel³eefJeefOe: mJeeref¬eÀ³eles~ keÀm³eeefHe met$em³e Òe³eesieeled HetJe&ced De³eb efJeefOe: Òe³egp³eles~ HejefmLeleew DeefHe

Dem³eeefHe meeceL³e&ced Deefmle~ ke=Àles DeefHe Deke=Àles DeefHe ³em³e efJeOes: Òeme²: YeJeefle me efvel³eefJeefOe:~

lego J³eLeves (legod) Fefle Oeelees: ueìduekeÀejs legod + efleHed~ legoeefoY³e: Me: (3.1.77) Fefle legOeeefoieCem³e `Me'

efJekeÀjCem³e Deeiece: YeJeefle~ HegievleueOetHeOem³e ®e (7.3.86) Fefle ueIetHeOeiegCeesçefHe ÒeeHveesefle~ `Me' Fl³eeieceeHes#e³ee

iegCeefJeefOe: HejefJeefOe:~ HejlJeeled lem³e keÀe³e¥ YeJesled~ iegCeeHes#e³ee `Me' efJeefOe: efvel³e:~ iegCeeled HetJe¥ iegCeeled Hejb ®e

MeefJeefOe: YeJesled SJe~ iegCes ke=Àles iegCes Deke=Àles DeefHe `Me' efJeefOe: efvel³e:~ ³ele: De³eb ke=Àleeke=ÀleÒeme²er, `Me' Òel³e³eÒeeHles:

Devevlejb meeJe&OeelegkeÀceefHeled (1.2.4) Me Òel³e³e: meeJe&OeelegkeÀÒel³e³e: DeefHeled ®e~ DeleSJe me ef*od YeeJeb ÒeeHveesefle~

lesve efkeÀ*efle ®e (1.1.5) Fefle iegCeefve<esOe:~ Dele: iegCekeÀe³e¥ ve YeJeefle~ iegCe: ke=Àleeke=ÀleÒe²er ve YeJeefle~ iegCeeHes#e³ee

MeÒel³e³e: efvel³e:~ MeÒel³e³e: YeJeefle~ lele: iegCeefve<esOe:~ legod + Me + efle - lego + De + efle - legoefle Fefle ªHeb

efme×ced~

HejeHes#e³ee Devlej²b yeueer³e: -

OeelegHemeie&³ees: keÀe³e&cevlej²ced~ Dev³eled keÀe³e¥ yeefnj²ced~ DeuHeeHes#ecevlej²ced~ ye»Hes#eb yeefnj²ced~

HetJeexHeefmLeefleefveefceÊekeÀcevlej²ced~ efJeYeeqkeÌleefvejHes#ele³eevlej²ced~ GoenjCeced - GYe³es osJeceveg<³ee:~

ÒeLece®ejcele³eeuHeeOe&keÀefleHe³evescee½e (1.1.33) - met$esCe ÒeLece-®ejce-le³e-Òel³e³eevle - DeuHe - DeOe&- keÀefleHe³e

vesce - Fefle Meyoeveeb Hejle: pemed efJeYekeÌleew efJekeÀuHesve meJe&veecemeb%ee YeJeefle~ GYeMeyoeled `mebK³ee³ee DeJe³eJes le³eHed

(5.2.45) Fefle le³eHed~ `GYeeogoeÊees efvel³eced (5.2.44) Fefle le³eHe: De³e®ed – DeeosMe:, lele: `GYe³e' Fefle

Meyo: efvemHeVe:~ GYe³eMeyo: le³eÒel³e³eevle:~ lele: Hejb pemed Òel³e³es `ÒeLece®ejce... Fl³eeefomet$esCe efJekeÀuHesve

meJe&veecemeb%eeb ÒeeHveesefle~ Hegve: GYe³eMeyo: meJee&efoieCes Heefþle:~ Dele: meJee&oerefve meJe&veeceeefve (1.1.27) Fefle met$esCe

efvel³eefJeOevee meJee&meg efJeYeeqkeÌle<eg meJe&veecemeb%ee YeJeefle~ ÒeLece®ejce: - Fl³eeefo met$eb Hejmet$eced~ Dele: lesve efJekeÀuHesve

meJe&veecemeb%ee YeJesled~ efkeÀvleg ÒeLece®ejce Fl³eeefo met$eb efJeYeeqkeÌlemeeHes#eced DeLee&led pemeefJeYekeÌleew Hejs meefle efJekeÀuHesve

meJe&veecemeb%eeb keÀjesefle~ meJee&oerefve Fefle met$eb efJeYeeqkeÌleefvejHes#eced DeLee&led meJee&meg efJeYeeqkeÌle<eg efvel³esve efJeefOevee

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meJe&veecemeb%eeefJeOeeveb keÀjesefle~ efJeYeeqkeÌleefvejHes#ele³ee meJee&oerefve - Fl³eeefo met$eced Devlej²Meeðeced~ Hejefvel³eevlej² Fefle

HeefjYee<e³ee HejeHes#e³ee Devlej²Meeðeb yeueer³e:~ meJee&oerefve Fefle met$esCe `GYe³e'- Meyom³e efvel³esve meJe&veecemeb%eeb YeJeefle~

HeÀuele: `GYe³es osJeceveg<³ee:' Fefle ªHeb YeJeefle~

HejeHes#e³ee DeHeJeeoMeeðeb yeueer³e: -

³esve veeÒeeHles ³ees efJeefOejejY³eles lem³eeHeJeeo:~ SkeÀeqmceved efJeO³eew ÒeeHles leb yeeefOelJee ³eefo Dev³e: efJeefOe: ÒeJele&les me

HetJe&m³e DeHeyeeo: (yeeOekeÀ:)~ HejeHes#e³ee DeHeJeeo: yeueer³eeved~ GoenjCeced - oOvee~ oefOe-Meyom³e le=leer³ewkeÀJe®eves

ªHeced~ `DeefmLeoefOemekeÀL³e#Ceeceve*goeÊe: (7.1.75) - DeefmLe-oefOe-mekedÀefÌLe-Deef#eÒeYe=leerveeced veHegbmekeÀMeyoeveeb

le=leer³eeefo<eg efJeYeeqkeÌle<eg Depeeefo<eg Òel³e³es<eg Hejs<eg Deve*dDeeosMe: YeJeefle, me ®e GoeÊeme%ekeÀ:~ Deve*d DeeosMe: ef*led~

Dele: ef*®®e (1.1.53) Fefle Devesve Devl³em³e Deue: mLeeves DeeosMeb ÒeeHveesefle~ Deve*d DeefHe DeveskeÀeuedefJeefMeä:~

Dele: DeveskeÀeuedefMeledmeJe&m³e (1.1.155) Fefle meJe&m³emLeeves DeeosMeb ÒeeHveesefle~ Deve³ees: met$e³ees: DeveskeÀeued...met$eb

Hejmet$eced~ efkeÀvleg `ef*b®®e'lem³e DeHeJeeo:~ Dele: DeveskeÀued met$eb JeeefOelJee ef*®®e -met$eced Devl³em³e Deue: mLeeves Deve*d

- DeeosMeb keÀjesefle~ oefOe + ìe - oefOe + Deve*d + ìe - oOed + Deved + Dee - oOed+ ved + Dee - oOvee

(DeuueesHeesçve: 6.4.134) Fefle Deve: DekeÀejueesHe:~ leLewJe oefOe-Meyom³e meHlec³eskeÀJe®eves `oeqOve' Fefle ªHeb

YeJeefle~

efvel³eeHes#e³ee Devlej²Meeðeb yeueer³e: -

GoenjCeced - ûeeceefCeveer kegÀues~ ûeeceCeer + Deew~ FkeÀesef®e efJeYekeÌleew (7.3.73) vegceeiece: Depeeoew efJeYekeÌleew Hejle:~

De³eb vegceeiece: efvel³e:~ ûeeceCeer-Meyom³e veHegbmekeÀefue²s ªHeced ef¬eÀ³eles~ ÛmJees veHegbmekesÀ ÒeeefleHeeefokeÀm³e (1.2.47)

Fefle ÒeeefleHeeefokeÀm³e ÛmJe: ÒeeHle: YeJeefle~ FkeÀesef®e ...Üeje vegceeiece: ÛmJeefJeefOeb ve DeHes#eles~ ÛmJes ke=Àles DeLeJee

Deke=Àles vegceefJeefOe: ÒeJele&les~ Dele: vegcedefJeefOe: efvel³eefJeefOe:~ ÒeLececed FkeÀesef®e ..Fefle vegceeieced `ÛmJees veHegbmekesÀ' Fefle

ÛmJe: ve YeJeefle~ ÛmJees veHegbmekesÀ ...Fl³esvesve veHegbmekeÀefue²s ÒeeefleHeeefokeÀm³e De®e: ÛmJe: YeJeefle~ `ûeeceCeer' Fefle

Meyom³e vegceeieces `ûeeceCeerved' YeJeefle~ lem³e Devles De®ed veeefmle, `ve' Deefmle~ Dele: le$e ÛmJeefJeOeeveb ve YeefJe<³eefle ~

vegced efJeefOe: ÛmJeefJeefOeb yeeOeles~ Jemlegle: vegced efJeefOe: efvel³e: ¿emJeefJeefOe: Devlej²efJeefOe:~ vegceeiece: DepeeefoefJeYeeqkeÌleced

DeHes#eles~ ÛmJeefJeefOe: keÀeceefHe efJeYeeqkeÌleced ve DeHes#eles~ DeLee&led efJeYeeqkeÌleefvejHes#elJeeled Devlej²efJeefOe:~ Hejefvel³eevlej²

.... Fl³eeefoHeefjYee<e³ee efvel³eeHes#e³ee Devlej²efJeefOe: yeueer³eeved~ FkeÀesef®eefJeYekeÌlee w Fefle vegceeieceb JeeefOelJee ÛmJees

veHegbmekesÀ - Fefle efJeefOe: Devlej²lJeeled ÒeJeÊe&les~ ûeeceCeer-Fl³em³e veHegbmekesÀ ÛmJe: YeJeefle~ ûeeceefCe Fl³ele: vegceeieces ve

keÀeefHe mecem³ee~ ûeeceefCe + ved (vegced) - ûeeceefCeved~ ûeeceefCeved + Meer, veHegbmekeÀe®®e (7.1.19) Fefle Deew - mLeeves

veHegbmekeÀeled Meer (F&) Òel³e³e: ueMekeÌJeleef×les Fefle MekeÀej: Fled~ lele: ûeeceefCeveer kegÀues Fefle ªHeb efme×ced~ ûeeceCeer +

Deew Fl³em³e veHegbmekeÀefueb²s ÒeLecee-efÜleer³eeefJeYekeÌle³ees: efÜJe®eves ûeeceefCeveer - Fefle ªHeced~

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efvel³eeHes#e³ee DeHeJeeoMeeðeb yeueer³e: -

GoenjCeced - ©Ceef×~ ©Oed + efleHed~ keÀle&efj MeHed (3.1.68) Fefle meeJe&OeelegkesÀ Òel³e³es Hejs keÀÊe&=Jee®³es Oeelees: MeHed

Òel³e³e: YeJeefle~ De³eb efvel³eefJeefOe:~ De³eced Glmeie& (meeceev³e) efJeefOe:~ ©OeeefoY³e: Mveced (3.1.78) Fefle

meeJe&OeelegkesÀ Òel³e³es Hejs keÀle=&Jee®³es ©OeeefoY³e: OeelegY³e: Mveced Òel³e³e: YeJeefle~ De³eced `keÀle&efjMeHed' Fl³em³e

DeHeJeeo:~ efvel³eeHes#e³ee DeHeJeeo: yeueJeÊej:~ Dele: MeHed Òel³e³eb yeeefOelJee Mveced Òel³e³e: YeJeefle~ Mveced efceled~

efceo®eesçvl³eeled Hej: Fefle De®eeb ceO³es Devl³eeled De®e: Hejs Mveced Deeiece: YeJeefle~ ©Oed + efleHed - © + Mveced + Oed +

efle - © + ve + Oed + efle - ©Ceef×~ ©OeeefoY³e: Mveced, j<eeY³eeb vees Ce: meceeveHeos, Pe<emleLeesOeexçOe:, Peueeb peMed

PeefMe SJeb met$eeCeeb Òe³eesiesCe ©Ceef× Fefle ªHeb YeJeefle~

Devlej²eHes#e³ee DeHeJeeoMeeðeb yeueer³e: -

GoenjCeced - owl³eeefj: ÞeerMe:~ osl³eeveeced Deefj: efÞe³ee: F&Me: Fefle efJeûen:~ owl³e + Deefj: Fefle meefvOemLeues DeeodiegCe:

(6.1.87) - DeJeCee&oef®e Hejs HetJe&Hej³ees: SkeÀ: iegCe DeeosMe: m³eeled mebefnlee³eeced Fefle iegCeeosMeb ÒeeHveesefle~ Þeer +

F&Me: -Fefle mLeues FkeÀes³eCeef®e - FkeÀ: mLeeves ³eCed m³eeoef®e mebefnlee³eeb efJe<e³es Fefle met$esCe `³ed' DeeosMeb ÒeeHveesefle~ GYe³e$e

Meeðeܳeced Devlej²efJeefOe:~ Hejvleg DekeÀ: meJeCex oerIe&: (6.1.101) DekeÀ: meJeCex Deef®e Hejs oerIe&: SkeÀeosMe:

m³eeled - Fefle met$esCe DeeodiegCe:, FkeÀes³eCeef®e Fefle met$eܳeb yeeefOeleb YeJeefle~ DekeÀ: meJeCex Fefle met$eceefHe Devlej²b met$eced~

SJeb mLeues $e³eeCeeb met$eeCeeced Devlej²lJeced~ SkeÀm³e keÀLeb ÒeJe=efÊe: Dev³e³ees: keÀLeb Jee DeÒeJe=efÊe: ? $e³eeCeeced

Devlej²lee³eeb legu³eyeueefJejesOe:~ DeeodiegCe: FkeÀes³eCeef®e Fefle met$eܳeeHes#e³ee DekeÀ: meJeCexoerIe&: Fefle Hejmet$eced~

HejlJeeled yeueJeÊejced~ DeLeJee HetJe&efJeefOeܳeced Glmeie& (meeceev³e) efJeefOe:~ Glmeie&ced DeHeJeeo: yeeOeles~ Fefle v³ee³esve

HetJe&³ees: Devlej²met$e³ees: Glmeie&efJeefOe©HesCe ûenCeeled le=leer³em³e HejlJeeled DeHeJeeolJeeled ®e yeueJeÊeced~ DekeÀ:

meJeCexoerIe&: - DeHeJeeoªHesCe yeueer³eeved Dele: lem³e ÒeJe=efÊe:~

4.2.2 efme.keÀew - Deefme×b yeefnj²cevlej²s (He.51)

Devlej²Meeðem³e efJeOeevekeÀeues yeefnj²bMeeðeced Deefme×b m³eeled~ GoenjCeced - He®eeJesoced~ He®eeJe + Foced -DeeodiegCe:

(6.1.87) Fl³evesve meefvOeefJeOeeveced~ He®eeJe, Foced, Fefle He=LekeÌHeoܳeced~ Heoܳem³e JeCe&³ees: meefvOekeÀe³e &ced

DeHesef#eleced~ leod yeefnj²bMeeðeced~ meefvOekeÀjCesve `He®eeJesoced' Fefle YeJeefle~ He®eeJesoced - De$e `Je' keÀejHejefmLelem³e

SkeÀejm³e SskeÀejeosMe: YeJesled efkeÀced? Sle Ss (3.4.93) uees[gÊeced mecyeefvOeve SkeÀejm³e SskeÀejeosMees YeJeefle~ ³eLee

- keÀjJew, keÀjJeeJenw Fl³eeefo~ meefvOekeÀe³exCe `He®eeJesoced' Fl³e$e `Jes' efmLelem³e SkeÀej: DevleeJe³eJe: m³eeled~

DevleeefoJe®®e (6.1.85) - ³eesç³eceskeÀeosMe: me HetJe&m³eevleJeled Hejm³eeefoJeled m³eeled~ SJeb `Jes' Fl³em³e SkeÀej:

DevleeJe³eJe: YeJesled~ Sle Ss - Fl³evesve SskeÀejeosMeb ÒeeHveg³eeled~ efkeÀvleg Ss - Fl³eeosMe: ve YeJeefle~ DeeodiegCe: Fl³esvesve

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meefvOekeÀe³e¥ yeefnj²ced~ le$e JeCe&ܳemeeHes#eb keÀe³e&ced~ Je»Hes#eced yeefnj²ced~ Sle Ss Fefle keÀe³e&ced SkeÀJeCe&meeHes#eced~

kesÀJeueced SkeÀm³e `Ss' Fl³eeosMe: m³eeled~ DeuHeeHes#eced Devlej²ced~ `Ss' Fl³em³e SskeÀe³e¥ Dev³eled efkeÀceefHe ve DeHes#eles~

Deefme×b yeefnj²cevlej²s Fefle HeefjYee<e³ee Devlej²s Meeðes ÒeJe=Êes yeefnj²Meeðeced Deefme×ced~ DeLee&led yeefnj²keÀe³e&b

efmLeleceefHe DeLeJee ke=ÀleceefHe Devlej²efJeOeeves ve ke=ÀleefceJe Yeeefle~ Sle Ss Fefle Devlej²efJeOes: ÒeJe=efÊekeÀeues DeeodiegCe:

Fl³evesve Òe³egkeÌleb keÀe³e&ced Deefme×Jeod YeJeefle~ He®eeJe + Foced - De + F - SkeÀejeosMe: Deefme×: DeLee&led ve DeYeJeled

Fefle ûenCeer³eced~ He®eeJesoced - Fl³e$e SkeÀejeosMe: Deefme×: DeLee&led efmLeleesçefHe DeefmLeleJeled~ SkeÀej: ³eefo veeefmle leefn&

SskeÀejeosMe: keÀLeb m³eeled? SskeÀejeosMeefJeOeevemLeues ³eefo SkeÀejeosMe: Deefme×Jeled leefn& SskeÀejeosMe: ve YeJeefle~ HeÀuele:

He®eeJewoced Fefle ve YeJeefle~ He®eeJe + Foced - He®eeJesoced Fefle ªHeb efme×ced~ He®ed ueesefì GÊeceHeg©<eefÜJeJe®eves - He®eeJemed

- ueesìesue*dJeled (1.4.85) Fefle ef*led~ efvel³eb ef*le: (3.4.98) Fefle me (efJemeie&) m³e ueesHe:~ De³eb ueesHe:

efme×:~ Dele: He®eeJe + Foced - Fl³e$e meefvOekeÀe³e¥ YeJeefle ~ He®eeJesoced Fefle ªHeb efme×ced ~ metlemed + GJee®e -

memepeg<ees ©: (8.2.66) , YeesYeiees DeIees DeHetJe&m³e ³eesçefMe (8.3.17) Fefle jes: ³e-DeeosMe: ~ megle + ³ed +

GJee®e ueesHe: MeekeÀu³em³e (8.3.19) - `³e' ueesHe: ~ metle GJee®e ~ SJeb ³eueesHe: Deefme×: ~ metle + GJee®e - Fefle

De$e ³e ueesHem³e Deefme×lJeeled `DeeodiegCe:' Fefle iegCeeosMeb ve ÒeeHveesefle ~ metle GJee®e Fefle ªHeb efme×ced~

4.2.3 efme.keÀew.- DekeÀ=leJ³etne: HeeefCeveer³ee: (He.57)

Je=efÊe: - efveefceleb efJeveeMeesvcegKeb ¢<ìdJee lelÒe³egkeÌleb keÀe³e¥ ve kegÀJe&vleerl³eLe&: ~

J³eeK³ee- meod + keÌJemeg - kedÀ Fledö ueMekeÌJeleef×les (1.3.8) ~ `meg' Fl³em³e GkeÀej: Fled GheosMesçpevegveeefmekeÀ Fled

~ meod +Jemed - Yee<ee³eeb meoJemeÞegJe: (3.2.108) Fl³evesve meo: Hejm³e keÌJemeg: efueìdme¢Me:~

efueefìOeeleesjveY³eemem³e (6.1.18) Fl³evesve efÜlJeced ~ meod + meod + Jemed ~ nueeeefo: Mes<e: (7.4.60) me +

meod + Jemed ~ Dele SkeÀnuedceO³esçveeosMeeosefue&efì (6.4.120) Fefle DeY³eemem³e mem³e ueesHe: ~ meefmLelem³e

DekeÀejm³e SkeÀejeosMe: - mesodJemed ~ lele: Jemees: mecÒemeejCeced (6.4.131) Fefle JemJevlem³e Yem³e mecÒemeejCeb

YeJeefle Fefle `Je' m³e mecÒemeejCesve `G' m³eeled ~ Hejb leled ve YeJeefle ~ JemJeskeÀepeeodOemeeced (7.2.67) -

ke=Àleef×Je&®eveeveeceskeÀe®eeb Oeeletveeced DekeÀejevleeveeb Iemes½e Jemeew F[eiecees YeJeefle ~ SJeced ÒeLececed F[eieceb ke=ÀlJee

Devevlejb Memed Òel³e³e: ³egp³eles ®esled leefn& efkebÀ YeefJe<³eefle ~ mesod + F + Jemed - lele: Jemees: mecÒemeejCeced ~ mesod +

F+ Gmed ~ le: FkeÀes³eCeef®e Fefle ³eCeeosMes - mesÐeg<e: Fefle DeefveäªHem³e Òeme²: m³eeled ~ DeleSJe meceeOeeveeLe&ced

GkeÌleced Deke=ÀleJ³etne: HeeefCeveer³ee: ~

efveefceÊem³e efJeveeMes ¢äs J³etnb (efJe-efJeMes<e:, Gn: - efve½e³e:) MeeðeÒeJe=efleefJe<e³ekebÀ efJeefMeäb efve½e³eb HeeefCeveer³ee: ve

kegÀJe&efvle ~ DeLee&led yeefnj²MeeðesCe Devlej²MeeðeefveefceÊeefJeveeMem³e mecYeeJevee ¢M³eles ®esled HeeefCeveer³ee:

Devlej²Meeðeb ve ³eespe³eefvle ~

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mesodJemed - `Jemed' Fl³em³e Deeoew `Jeued' Òel³eenejm³e JeCe&: Deefmle ~ Jeme: mecÒemeejCesve Jeme: `Jed'- mLeeves `G'

YeJeefle~ ³esve Jemed Jeueeefo: ve YeefJe<³eefle ~ `Jemed' Fl³em³e `Jed' mLeeves G- efJeOeeveb mecÒemeejCeced ~ lesve

Devlej²Meeðem³e Fìd efJeOee³ekeÀ, Meeðem³e efveeqceÊem³e Jeueeos: efJeveeMes meefle leeqmceved mLeues Devlej²MeeðesCe `Fìd'

Fl³em³e efJeOeeveb ve YeefJe<³eefle ~ meso + Jemed + Memed - Fl³e$e Jemees: mecÒemeejCeced Fl³evesve `Jed' mLeeves `G' Fefle

YeJesled ~ meso + G<ed + Demed ö mesog<e: (FCedkeÀes:8.3.57, DeeosMeÒel³e³e³ees: (8.3.59)Fl³eeY³eeb <elJeced~

SJeced FäªHeefme×îeLe&ced GkeÌleced - efveefceleb efJeveeMeesvcegmJeefcel³eeefo ~ efJeveeMem³e GvcegKeced efJeveeMeesvcegKeced~ efveefceleb

³eoe efJeveeMecegKeb ie®íefle leledÒe³egkeÌleb leefVeefceÊekebÀ keÀe³e¥ ve kegÀJe&efvle ~ DeLeJee J³et¿eles efvejm³eles Hejyeueced Devesve Fefle

J³etn: ~ HejyeueefJeveeMekeÀ: mesveemecetn:~ me FJe Dee®ejefle HejyeueefvejekeÀjCesve Fefle J³etn: Devlej²Meeðeced~

HeeefCeveer³ee: efveefceÊeefJeveeMeb HeM³eefvle ®esled Devlej²Meeðeced ve kegÀJe&efvle ~ ve ke=Àlees J³etnes ³ew: les Deke=ÀleJ³etne: ~

efveefceÊekeÀejCem³e kegÀcYekeÀejeos: efJeveeMes meefle IeìeefoªHem³e keÀe³e&m³e efmLeefleªHeb efJeefMeäb leke¥À ³es kegÀJe&efvle les

HeeefCeveer³ee:~ les keÀejCeveeMes keÀe³e&veeMe: Fefle mJeerkegÀJe&efvle~ `mesoJemed' Fl³e$e mecÒemeejCes ke=Àles JeueeefoªHem³e keÀejCem³e

veeMe: YeJeefle~ leledÒe³egkeÌlem³e FìdªHem³e keÀe³e&m³e ®e veeMe: YeJee&le ~ Dele: mesog<e: Fefle ªHeb efme×ced ~

meceLee&veeb ÒeLeceeod Jee (8.1.82) Fl³e$e meceLe&Heos meeqvOekeÀjCeeled HetJee &skeÌlee HeefjYee<ee %eeefHelee ~ Demceeled met$eeled

%ee³eles ³eled meefvOekeÀe³exCe mecHeVeeled ÒeeefleHeefokeÀeled leef×leÒel³e³e: YeJeefle ~ `megGeqlLele' - Fl³emceeled DeleF_ed

(4.1.95) Fefle leef×le: F_ed - Òel³e³e: ve ³egkeÌle: YeefJe<³eefle ~ meefvOeefJeOeeveeled oerIe&efJeOeeveeled `meteqlLele' Fl³emceeled

leef×le: Òel³e³e: ³egkeÌle: YeefJe<³eefle ~ meefvOeb efJevee `meg + GeqlLele', Fl³emceeled F_ed Òel³e³es leef×les<Je®eeceeos:

(7.2.117) Fefle Devesve DeeefoJe=×dîee meew + GeqlLele + F - meeJegeqlLeefle: Fefle Deefveäb ªHeb YeJessled ~ mece + DeLe&

- meceLe& - SJeb meefvOeefJeOeeveeled Hejb Òe³eesie: YeJeefle ~ Dele: Deeoew meefvOe:, lele: leef×leÒe³eesie: mLeeled Fob %eeH³eles ~

meg+ GeqlLele - Fl³e$e Deeoew GkeÀejm³e Je=ef×: YeJeefle ®esled `G' Fl³em³e oerIe&: ve YeefJe<³eefle~ `meg' Fl³em³e oerIe&m³e

efveefcelem³e `G' Fl³em³e efJeveeMes Hegve: oerIe&keÀe³e¥ ve YeefJe<³eefle~ leLewJe `mesog<e:' Fl³e$e `Fìd' Fl³em³e efveefceÊem³e Jeueeos:

mecÒemeejCesve efJeveeMes Hegve: Fìd ve YeefJe<³eefle~

le$e J³eekeÀjCeMeeðes yengefJeOee: HeefjYee<ee: meefvle ~ v³ee³eefme×e, %eeHekeÀefme×e, Jee®eefvekeÀer ®e HeefjYee<ee: meefvle ~ Deeqmceved

ÒekeÀjCes meJee&: ve ie=nerlee:~ Òee³e: mevO³egHe³eesefieveerveeb HeefjYee<eeCeeb efJeJes®eveb ke=Àleced~

-Fefle HeefjYee<eeÒekeÀjCeced -

Page 36: Master of Arts in Sanskritegyanagar.osou.ac.in/slmfiles/MASK-02-Block-02.pdf · efJeÐe²Mes

Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 33

4.3 mene³ekeÀûevLemet®eer

13. efme×evlekeÀewcegoer - ieesHeeueoÊeHeeC[s³e, ®eewKecyee, 2004

14. efme×evlekeÀewcegoer - ieesHeeueke=À<CeoeMe, keÀeoeqcyeveeroeMe;, S.kesÀ.efceÞe, keÀìkeÀ, 2016

15. Jew³eekeÀjCeefme×evlekeÀewcegoer -1 - ieesefJevoe®ee³e&, ®eewKecyee megjYeejleerÒekeÀeMeve, JeejeCemeer, 2017

16. J³eekeÀjCeoHe&Ce - Odisha State Bureau of Text Book Preparation and Production,

Bhubaneswar, 2013

17. HeeefCeveer³eJ³eekeÀjCem³e Yee<eeJew%eeefvekeÀeO³e³eveced -MeefMeYet<eCeefceÞe, The Banaras Mercantile Co,

Kolkota, 2012

18. J³eekeÀjCeMeeðeesefleneme: - ueeskeÀceefCeobneue, Yeejleer³eefJeÐeeÒekeÀeMeveced, efouueer, 2007

4.4 DeeoMe&ÒeMvee:

1. SkesÀve Heosve / SkesÀve Jeeke̳esve Jee GÊejb oÊe~ (1 mark each)

keÀ) Devlej²s efkeÀced Deefme×ced?

Ke) Devlej² efkeÀced?

2.mJeefjlesveeefOekeÀej: Fefle met$em³e J³eeK³eeb kegÀ© ~ (5 marks)

3. meesoenjCeb J³eeK³eeb kegÀ©le~ (10/15 marks each)

keÀ) Hejefvel³eevlej²eHeJeeoeveecegÊejesÊejb yeueer³e:

Ke) Deefme×b yeefnj²cevlej²s

ie) Deke=ÀleJ³egne: HeeefCeveer³ee:

Ie) efveefceÊeb efJeveeMeesvcegKeb ¢ädJee lelÒe³egkeÌleb keÀe³e¥ ve kegÀJe&efvle~

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