material selection for wear application

7/23/2019 Material Selection for Wear Application

1/29

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2/29

QJV Xacklkdjm njm Navjkm Cj~arkjl

Cj~arkjl ^jdjm Jqv :

K- Xamnjdqlqjm

:- Gambcamj Jqv

Jqv carqxjejm earqvjejm xjnj xarcqejjm vblkn djvkl njrk xaràrjejm nk jm~jrj

xarcqejjm vblkn njm xarcqejjm j~jq vqov~jmvk ljkmm{j- Djvkl njrk earqvjejm okjvjm{j

cam`djvklejm eadkljm`jm cj~arkjl- Nk nqmkj ~aemke, jqv okjvjm{j nkdqoqmèjm nam`jm

xarqojdjm nkcamvk j~jq oam~qe nkcjmj cacxam`jrqdk xargbrcj njrk cj~arkjl oqejm

nkdqoqmèjm nam`jm eadkljm`jm wblqca-U:S

Caejmkvca jqv njxj~ oarwjrkjvk xjnj va~kjx cj~arkjl ~ar`jm~qm` njrk vkgj~ cj~arkjl

njm iq`j lkmèqm`jm vjj~ jqv ~arijnk- Ea~jdjmjm jqv oqejm carqxjejm vkgj~ km~rkmvke cj~arkjl

vaxar~k eaearjvjm mjcqm carqxjejm vkv~ac njrk vkgj~ cj~arkjl- @joqm`jm njrk caejmke, ekckj

njm lkmèqm`jm {jm` cam{aojoejm jqv nkvaoq~ iq`j nam`jm ~rkobvkv~ac- Xjrjca~ar

~rkobvkv~ac okjvjm{j nk`qmjejm qm~qe camnavjkm njm cacklkd cj~arkjl {jm` vavqjk, nkcjmj

xjrjc~ar ~arvaoq~ njxj~ oarqxj cj~arkjl, ebm~qr xarcqejjm, lqorkejvk njm eaejvjrjm-

Xjrjca~ar navjkm {jm` nkxklkd ~arvaoq~ njxj~ cam`qrjm`k ljiq jqv nam`jm oaoarjxj fjrj {jk~q

nam`jm cbnkgkejvk xarcqejjm camijnk laokd ~jdjm jqv nam`jm cam``qmjejm cj~arkjl ~jdjm

jqv j~jq xarojkejm cj~arkjl nam`jm camkmèj~ejm xackvjdjm nam`jm xarcqejjm, nam`jm

cam`qrjm`k ebm~je {jm` oarojdj{j, xam``qmjjm lqorkejm nkcjmj njxj~ camkmèj~ejm

ea~jdjmjm jqv ejramj cam`qrjm`kvdajr gbrfav nk xarcqejjm-U:S

ârnjxj~ 6 ~kxa qcqc vk~qjvk jqv {jk~q ea~kej ~arnjxj~ xaràrjejm ? xjr~keal xjnj~jm

{jm` ebm~je ljm`vqm` ckvjlm{j vlknkm`, rbllkm` j~jq kcxje, ea~kej nkvaojoejm blad

xaràrjejm lkzqknnk xarcqejjm xjnj~jm j~jq {jm` varkm` nkvaoq~ arbvkbm pajrnjm jorjvkwa

pajrnkcjmj jqv ~arijnk jekoj~ xjr~keal earjv-U:S

Caejmkvca jqv vamnkrk ~aroj`k camijnk > {jk~q jndavkwa pajr, jorjvkwa pajr $fq~~km`,

nagbrcjvk xljv~kv+, gj~k`qa" gj~k`qa lkea pajr $oardqoqm`jm nam`jm kmkvkjvk ra~je njm

xrbxj`jvk+, fbrrbvkwa pajr $oardqoqm`jm nam`jm rajevk xrbnqe+, j~jqxqm carqxjejm

ebcokmjvk, nkcjmj njxj~ nkoj`k oarnjvjr ebagkavkam vlknkm` pajr vaxar~k {jm` ~arlkdj~ xjnj

^joal :-U:S

^joal :- Ebagkvkamvlknkm` pajrU:S

Caejmkvca jqv Ebagkvkam vlknkm` pajr

Jndavkwa :8# :8#

Jorjvkwa :8#

:8#


3/29


Cj~arkjl ^jdjm Jqv ?

Fbrrbvkwa pajr :8#0 :8#?

Gj~k`qa pajr :8#

@jcojr :- Caejmkvca jqv $j+ jorjvkwa pajr$o+ jndavkwa pajr$f+ arbvkwa pajrU?S

Xjnj cjejljd klckjd djm{j jejm nkojdjv laokd ljmiq~ cam`amjk cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv

qm~qe camfa`jd cj~arkjl njrk earqvjejm jekoj~ jqv- Njrk xamialjvjm nkj~jv njxj~ nklkdj~

ojdpj cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv jnjljd cj~arkjl {jm` ~a~jx njxj~ cacxar~jdjmejm oam~qe njm

nkcamvkm{j xjnj vjj~ gambcamj jqv ~arijnk- Cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv njxj~ nk`qmjejm qm~qe

cam`qrjm`k xarqojdjm nkcamvk jekoj~ jnjm{j eadkljm`jm cj~arkjl, cam`qrjm`k grkf~kbmjl

lbvvav, qm~qe cacxarojkek xargbrcj gkvke ebcxbmam njm j~jq cam{ankjejm xarcqejjm {jm`

v~jokl- Vaxar~k {jm` ~aljd nkialjvejm vaoalqcm{j ojdpj jqv njxj~ ~arijnk nk cj~arkjl nam`jm

oaroj`jk caejmkvca- Caejmkvca jqv k~q vamnkrk njxj~ ~arijnk vamnkrk j~jq ebcokmjvk- Ijnk

xacklkdjm cj~arkjl jejm ~ar`jm~qm` njrk ~kxa jqv njm iq`j lkm`eqm`jmm{j-U6S


4/29


Cj~arkjl ^jdjm Jqv 6

KK- Iamkv Cj~arkjl ^jdjm Jqv

Cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv ~arnkrk njrk oarcjfjc cjfjc iamkv- Oarkeq~ kmk carqxjejm iamkv

iamkv cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv9

j- Lb`jcU>S

Cjm`jmava v~aal9 cacklkek eaearjvjm {jm` ~km``k nkcjmj ~a`jm`jm lqlqd 6>1 >:1

CXj- Nam`jm xamjcojdjm Cb xjnj ojij Cm cjej ea~jm``qdjm, ea~jdjmjm ~ardjnjx

ra~je jejm camkmèj~- Xarljeqjm xjmjv xjnj ojij Cm njxj~ camkmèj~ejm eaeqj~jm

~jrke, lqlqd, ea~jm``qdjm njm ea~jdjmjm jorjvk- Okjvjm{j nk`qmjejm vaoj`jk

xam`djmfqr oj~q, ebcxbmam rjm~jk ~jme, ebcxbmam kmnqv~rk vacam, jlj~ xar~jcojm`jm

Dk`d fdrbckqc pdk~a krbm

Mk Djrn9 xam``qmjjm Mk djrn njxj~ nk~acqejm nk vlqrr{ xqcx fjvkm` njm

kcxallar, fbjl frqvdar, vlqrr{ xqcx- Nkcjmj ~arnjxj~ 6 xarljeqjm xjmjv xjnj xrbvav

xacoqj~jmmm{j vadkm``j nknjxj~ejm eaearjvjm njm ea~jdjmjm ~ardjnjx jorjvk {jm`

ojke--

Xajrlk~kf Fdrbca Cbl{ V~aal

Lbp Jllb{ V~aal

Zqamfan ' âcxaran V~aal

o- Earjcke U?S

Jlqckmj ;;!

Vklkebm mk~rknj obmnan vklkebm ejroknj

f- XblkcarU?S

Mj~qrjl rqooar

Xbl{qra~djma

V{m~da~kf aljv~bcar

n- Ebcxbvk~U?S

^qm`v~am fjrokna fbojl~

Cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv iq`j njxj~ ~aroj`k camijnk ? iamkv {jk~q oqle vblkn njm fbj~km`,

gklcv njm xarljeqjm xarcqejjm- Cj~arkjl oqle ~jdjm jqv okjvjm{j jejm cacoarkejm pje~q


5/29


Cj~arkjl ^jdjm Jqv >

ea~jdjmjm jqv {jm` laokd ljcj- Mjcqm jxjoklj ~ardjcoj~ nam`jm ea~arvankjjm njm vqvjdm{j

cjmqgje~qr njrk cj~arkjl oqle~jdjm jqv njxj~ nk~jm``qljm`k nam`jm xam``qmjjm fbj~km`"gklc-

Fbj~km`"gklc jejm cacklkek xargbrcj {jm` ojke jxjoklj nkebcokmjvk nam`jm cj~arkjl ljkm-

Xacklkdjm vqov~rj~ camijnk xam~km` nkcjmj cj~arkjl vqov~rj~ djrqv ebcxj~koal nam`jm pajr

gklc naxbvk~kbm njm lkmèqm`jm ~qcoqd- Cbnkgkejvk xarcqejjm iq`j njxj~ nkljeqejm xjnj

cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv- ârnjxj~ cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv {jm` ~aroam~qe vafjrj at vk~q njm camacxal

xjnj vqov~rj~ {jk~q facam~km`, orjykm`, nkggqvkbm obmnkm`-U6S

KKK- Vkgj~ vkgj~ Xam~km` Cj~arkjl ^jdjm Jqv

Vafjrj qcqc vkgj~ {jm` nkoq~qdejm qm~qe cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv jnjljd ebcokmjvk {jm`

~axj~ jm~jrj eaearjvjm njm ea~jm``qdjm-U7S Vkgj~ # vkgj~ xjnj cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv {jk~q9

Eaearjvjm9 cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv djrqv cacklkek mkljk eaearjvjm {jm` ~km``k j`jr ~jdjm vjj~

~arnjxj~ xjr~keal xjnj~ {jm` cam``brav- Eaearjvjm vjm`j~ oarxam`jrqd xjnj jqv ejramj

jejm vjm`j~ vqlk~ qm~qe cacq~qvejm kej~jm nkcjmj jxjoklj kej~jm cqnjd ~arxq~qv cjej

jqv jejm vacjekm ~km``k- Blad vaojo k~q xjnj cj~arkjl jqv nk`qmjejm cj~arkjl {jm`

earjv-U6S

Ea~jm``qdjm 9 Nkcjmj carqxjejm `joqm`jm jm~jrj eaeqj~jm njm eaqla~jm vadkm``j ~knje

djm{j eqj~ njm earjv mjcqm xjnj vjj~ ~areamj oaojm, cj~arkjl ~knje jejm cam`jljck

ea`j`jljm-U>S

Qcqcm{j cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv cacklkek fjcxqrjm vkgj~ earjv njm qla~ nkcjmj djl

~arvaoq~ nknjxj~ejm nam`jm xacjnqjm j~jq xarljeqjm xjmjv-U>S

Valjkm ? vkgj~ ~arvaoq~ ~arnjxj~ oaoarjxj vkgj~ qcqcm{j ljkmm{j ckvjlm{j9

Grjf~qra ~bq`dmavv9 vacjekm ~km``k mkljk grjf~qra ~bq`dmavv njrk cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv cjej

vacjekm eqj~ cj~arkjl ~arvaoq~ qm~qe camjdjm xarjcoj~jm ra~je

Ea~jdjmjm ebrbvk {jm` ojke9 nkoq~qdejm ejramj lkmèqm`jm bxarjvk ebrbvkg

_km`jm

Vkgj~ vkgj~ xam~km` ljkm {jm` nkoq~qdejm xjnj cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv jejm ~ar`jm~qm`

jxlkejvk- Xjnj ^joal ? njxj~ nklkdj~ vkgj~ vkgj~ ljkm {jm` nkoq~qdejm cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv

~ar`jm~qm` jxlkejvkm{j njm cj~arkjl {jm` vavqjk qm~qe jxlkejvk ~arvaoq~-


6/29



^joal ?- Vkgj~ vkgj~ cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv ~ar`jm~qm` njrk ebmnkvk bxarjvk njm cj~arkjl {jm` vavqjkU7S

KW- Xrbvav Navk m njm Erk~arkj Xacklkdjm Cj~arkjl

:- Xrbvav Navjkm njm Erk~arkj Xacklkdjm Cj~arkjl vafjrj Qcqc

Eqmfk eavqevavjm cacklkd cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv qm~qe jxlkejvk ~ar~am~q jnjljd nam`jm

cacklkd cj~arkjl {jm` ~axj~, xrbvav {jm` nk`qmjejm njm navjkm {jm` vavqjk- Xrbvav navjkm

raej{j calkxq~k cacamqdk v{jrj~ {jm` nkoq~qdejm nam`jm djr`j ~arcqrjd, navjkm, cj~arkjl

njm ebcokmjvk xrbvav vaxar~k xjnj @jcojr ? nk ojpjd kmk- Valjkm k~q camijnk xam~km` iq`j

cam`a~jdqk nj~j vkgj~ vkgj~ cj~arkjl {jm` km`km nk`qmjejm-

@jcojr ?- ^jdjxjm xrbvav navjkm njm xacklkdjm cj~arkjl


7/29



Xacklkdjm cj~arkjl kmk vamnkrk ~aroj`k camijnk oaoarjxj ~jdjxjm {jk~q9

j- Camà~jdqk gqm`vk njrk cj~arkjl

o- Camà~jdqk erk~arkj cj~arkjl {jm` nkoq~qdejm

f- Camam~qejm vkgj~ cj~arkjl {jm` nkoq~qdejm

n- _qjm` lkmèqx cjmqgje~qr {jm` jejm nk qmjejm

a- Cacojmnkmèjm vacqj vkgj~ {jm` jnj

g- Camàwjlqjvk ejmnknj~ cj~arkjl

`- Camam~qejm oam~qe cj~arkjl {jm` jejm nkoqj~

d- Camam~qejm xrbvav {jm` jejm nk`qmjejm

k- Camijnk xrbnqe

?- Xrbvav Navjkm njm Erk~arkj Xacklkdjm Cj~arkjl ^jdjm Jqv

Xacklkdjm cj~arkjl njm ca~bna qm~qe jxlkejvk jqv carqxjejm oj`kjm {jm` vjm`j~

xam~km` qm~qe eacjiqjm ~aemblb`k njm je~kwk~jv cjmqgje~qr- ^q`jv q~jcj njljc xacklkdjm

cj~arkjl qm~qe jxlkejvk jqv jnjljd camam~qejm eaoq~qdjmjm xargbrcj {jm` nkoq~qdejm njm

eaoq~qdjm okj{j-U6S

Djl {jm` xjlkm` xam~km` qm~qe xacklkdjm cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv jnjljd camà~jdqk

jxlkejvkm{j- Djl ~arvaoq~ iq`j njxj~ nklkdj~ xjnj ^joal ?- Oarkeq~ kmk carqxjejm jfqjm {jm`

njxj~ nk`qmjejm qm~qe xacklkdjm faxj~ xjnj vkv~ac ~jdjm jqv9U6S

j- âm~qejm oj~jv cjevkcqc bxarjvkbmjl xjnj vkv~ac cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv qm~qevjga~{

njm lkga~kca-

o- âm~qejm xjrjca~ar bxarjvkbmjl cjevkcqc njm erk~arkj xargbrcj njrk cj~arkjl ~jdjm

jqv- Erk~arkj xargbrcj ckvjlm{j iqcljd vkelqv xam``qmjjm njm lkmèqm`jm-

f- Camam~qejm vkgj~ caejmke, gkvkej, ekckj {jm` nkoq~qdejm blad cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv nk

jxlkejvk ~ar~am~q-

n- Cacxardj~kejm ea~arvankjjm cj~arkjl njm okj{j

Ca~bnblb`k qm~qe camnavjkm cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv k~q vamnkrk ~arnkrk camijnk > ~jdjxjm

{jk~q9U:S

j- Jmjlkvj vkv~ac nkcjmj nkljeqejm xam`qikjm navjkm, knam~kgkejvk,ejrje~arkvjvk

~rkobvkv~ac, njm vacqj wjrkjola xjnj jxlkejvk,

o- Xacklkdjm cbnal nkcjmj oar~qiqjm qm~qe camam~qejm navjkm nam`jm cam{jcjejm

ejrje~arkv~ke ~rkobvkv~ac nam`jm naverkxvk njrk ~kxa caejmkvcajqv {jm` ~arijnk


8/29



f- Xacklkdjm nj~j nkcjmj oar~qiqjm qm~qe camam~qejm mkljk

n- Warkgkejvk nkcjmj oar~qiqjm qm~qe camwjlknjvk cbnallkm` {jm` ~aljd nkoqj~-

Erk~arkj njvjr njxj~ nkjxlkejvkejm xjnj vjj~ xacklkdjm cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv- Erk~arkj

q~jcj jnjljd cj~arkjl ~arvaoq~ ~a~jx v~jokl vafjrj caejmke, ekckj njm ~darcjl xjnj ebmnkvk

bxarjvk- Erk~arkj eanqj jnjljd iqcljd v~ravv {jm` ebm~je nam`jm ram~jm` aljv~ke cj~arkjl-

Qm~qe qcqr xam``qmjjm {jm` ljcj nk ojpjdvlknkm` pajrqcqcm{j nkoq~qdejm rjvkb laokd

oavjr ? : jm~jrj ~k~ke lqlqd njm iqcljd v~ravv {jm` ebm~je- Qm~qe kcxje njm rbllkm`, rjvkb

njxj~ laokd eafkl {jk~q camnaej~k :- Xjnj vk~qjvk jorjvkwa pajr, nkoq~qdejm cj~arkjl {jm`

laokd earjv nkojmnkmèjm xjr~keal jorjvkg {jm` jnj qm~qe cackmkcjlkr jqv-U:S

Valjkm k~q okjvjm{j xacklkdjm cj~arkjl {jm` ~axj~ qm~qe jxlkejvk ~jdjm jqv ojrq njxj~

nkljeqejm va~aljd cacxar~kcojmèjm gje~br ljkm {jm` camam~qejm ljiq jqv- Oarkeq~ kmk

carqxjejm gje~br gje~br ljkm {jm` djrqv nkxardj~kejm9U7S

âcxarj~qr lkmèqm`jm j~jq ~acxarj~qr nkcjmj cj~arkjl ebm~je nam`jm xarcqejjm

jqv

Nkv~rkoqvk qeqrjm xjr~keal {jm` oarjnj xjnj xarcqejjm jqv

Jorjvkwamavv njrk xjr~keal ~arvaoq~

Caejmkvca jqv {jm` ~arijnk $`bq`km`, vlknkm`, kcxjf~, nll+

Eafaxj~jm jlkrjm cj~arkjl {jm` ebm~je nam`jm xarcqejjm jqv

Ejmnqm`jm ealacojojm njm lawal ebmnkvk ebrbvkgk~jv

Ebmnkvk qcqc $navjkm jlj~, dajn rbbc jwjkljola, jevavkoklk~jv, xarkbna xamarkcjjm

njrk xarjlj~jm {jm` ~knje ~arvankj+

Vaxar~k {jm` ~aljd nkvaoq~ejm nkj~jv ojdpj cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv oqejm carqxjejm vkgj~

km~rkmvke cj~arkjl vadkm``j vaoamjrm{j eaearjvjm xjnj qcqcm{j ~knje fqeqx qm~qe camijnk

kmnkej~br njrk ea~jdjmjm cj~arkjl cjvkd ojm{je gje~br ljkm {jm` djrqv nkxardj~kejm- Xjnj

^joal 6 oarkeq~ kmk carqxjejm jxlkejvk jqv xjnj cj~arkjl raej{jvj ~ar~am~q-U:S


9/29



^joal 6- Cj~arkjl raej{jvj qm~qe jxlkejvk jqvU:S

Valjmiq~m{j xjnj ^joal > oarkeq~ kmk kmk njxj~ nk`qmjejm vaoj`jk jfqjm xjnj

xacklkdjm cj~arkjl jqv {jm` nkxam`jrqdk blad oaoarjxj gje~br ljkmm{j-U7S


10/29


Cj~arkjl ^jdjm Jqv ;

^joal >- Xargbrcj njrk oaoarjxj cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv vaoj`jk jfqjm qm~qe xacklkdjm cj~arkjlU7S

@jcojr 6 njxj~ nk`qmjejm xqlj qm~qe jfqjm vjj~ jejm cacklkd cj~arkjl v~jkmlavv

v~aalnam`jm ea~jdjmjm jqv njm ebrbvk {jm` ojke-U?S

@jcojr 6- Xjnqjm v~jkmlavv v~aal ~jdjm jqvU?S


11/29


Cj~arkjl ^jdjm Jqv :8

^joal 1 njm 7 oarkeq~ kmk cacoarkejm kmgbrcjvk {jm` laokd na~jkl qm~qe oaroj`jk

cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv {jm` ~aljd nkjxlkejvkejm vafjrj vqevav- Ea~kej cacklkd cj~arkjl qm~qe

jxlkejvk {jm` ljkm, camijnk xam~km` qm~qe cam`a~jdqk caejmkvca jqv {jm` ~arijnk ejramj kmk

carqxjejm gje~br q~jcj qm~qe cacklkd cj~arkjl {jm` bx~kcqc-U7S

^joal 1- Oaroj`jk cjfjc cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv oavar~j jxlkejvkm{jU7S

^kxa Ebcxbvkvk Djrnmavv orkmall Jxlkejvk

Fjv~ krbm

@ra{ fjv~ krbm OV

:>1? JV^C J>4

Oarwjrkjvk :18 # 688 Orjea olbfev njm

nrqc, xqcx

Lbp jllb{ fjv~ krbm 6!F ?!Fr :!Mk ?18 # 088 Vlknkm` pajr, facam~

djmnlkm` xljm~, daj~

~raj~cam~

Dk`d Fdrbckqc Krbm

At9 OG ?16

?? ?4! Fr >?1 # 488 Kmnqv~rk frqvdkm` njm

`rkmnkm`, ojll njm rbn

ckllv, xarjlj~jm vdb~

oljv~ xqcx

Fjv~ v~aal

Jqv~am~kf OV 6:88

OP :8

::! Cm ckm ?88 788 ea~kej

pbre djrnaman

Dajw{ kcxjf~ pajr,

djccar ckllv

^bbl v~aal qm~qe

ojm{je vxavkgkejvk

kmnkwknq

:0!Fr >!Mk ;!Cb

??!P :8!Fb

Dkm``j :888 Jxlkejvk edqvqv

okjvjm{j orjyan bm

xlj~av

_bllan v~aal

Fjrobm v~aal OV

:>>; `rjna >8

8,87":!F, :,0Cm :78 # ?78 Ojfekm` qm~qe djrn

fbj~km`

Farjckf xlj~av

Datj`bm vdjxan,fjv~

kmnqvfb

Fbfbe qm~qe lkmkm`

fqrwa vqrgjfa

_qooar

^rallat ea`j @rjna oarwjrkjvk Oarwjrkjvk Fbfbe qm~qe xjr~keal

rbqmn, pj~ar obrma

glbp njrk cj~arkjl


12/29


Cj~arkjl ^jdjm Jqv ::

Xljv~kfv

Nqxlat X^Ga xbl{~a~rjglqbra~d{lama Qm~qe xjr~keal rkm`jm

njm eafkl

^joal 7- Pajr ravkv~jmfa fbj~km`qm~qe ojijU7S

Ca~bna âemke Cj~arkjl Jxlkejvk

Paln jxxlkan vqrgjfa

@jv palnkm` Cjmqjl _bnv nam`jm

ebcxbvkvk Mk, Fr,

Fb, P

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vxrj{ ~jxk xljvcj

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njm farca~

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ebrbvk njm v~kfekm`

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W- Jxlkejvk Xam``qmjjm Cj~arkjl ^jdjm Jqv

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nk oaroj`jk kmnqv~rk9U>S


13/29


Cj~arkjl ^jdjm Jqv :?

Kmnqv~rk vacam9 frqvdar, facam~ ckll

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ckllv, vlqrr{ xqcx

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Kmnqv~rk Bklvjmn

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cam``qmjejm earjcke- Xblkcar iq`j nk`qmjejm vaoj`jk cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv {jm` oargqm`vk

vaoj`jk vaoj`jk ~aglbm oajrkm` vlaawav- Oj~q njm mj~qrjl `ljvv iq`j nk`qmjejm vaoj`jk

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xarejejv xjnj lb`jc garrbqv-U6S

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$DFV+, jqv~amk~ke njm cjr~amvk~kev~jkmlavv v~aal, fdrbckqc pdk~a krbm $FPkv+, fdrbckqc


14/29



fjrokna $FrF+, ~qm`v~am fjrokna ca~jl cj~rkt fbcxbvk~a $PF CCFv+- Cj~arkjl ~arvaoq~

nk`qmjejm ejramj calkdj~ jejm ebmnkvk jqv {jm` vjm`j~ ~km``k xjnj kmnqv~rk ~arvaoq~-U0S

WK- V~jmnjr Xam`qikjm Jqv

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oaojm, eafaxj~jm

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qeqrjm, oam~qe,vqnq~

kmfkmnamfa

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qeqrjm, oam~qe, eafaxj~jm,

xDvlqrr{, vqdq

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qcxjm, qeqrjm

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Vlqrr{ xb~ Jorjvk vlknkm` Eafaxj~jm xjr~keal,

ebmvam~rjvk, vqnq~ kcxje

Dk`d vxaan kcxjf~ Kcxje bq`km` Eafaxj~jm xrb{ae~kl

V~jmnjrn xam`qikjm ljkmm{j {jm` njxj~ nk`qmjejm qm~qe cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv jnjljd9

JV^C N664;#81 V~jmnjrn âv~ Ca~dbn gbr Fbj~an Gjorkfv Jorjvkbm _avkv~jmfa $_b~jr{

Xlj~gbrc Nbqola#Dajn Jorjnar+

JV^C N6>1:#87 V~jmnjrn Xrjf~kfav gbr âv~km` Xbl{carkf Xbpnarv jmn Xbpnar

Fbj~km`v

JV^C N6068#86 V~jmnjrn @qkna gbr âv~km` Dk`d#Xargbrcjmfa Km~arkbr Jrfdk~af~qrjl

Pjll Fbj~km`v


15/29


Cj~arkjl ^jdjm Jqv :>

JV^C N644>#8; V~jmnjrn @qkna gbr Jorjvkbm _avkv~jmfa bg ât~kla Gjorkfv $_b~jr{

Xlj~gbrc, Nbqola#Dajn Ca~dbn+

JV^C N>878#80 V~jmnjrn âv~ Ca~dbn gbr Jorjvkbm _avkv~jmfa bg Br`jmkf Fbj~km`v o{

~da ^joar Jorjvar JV^C N>741#80 V~jmnjrn âv~ Ca~dbn gbr Xkla Gjorkf Jorjvkbm

JV^C N>0:?#40 V~jmnjrn @qkna gbr âv~km` Kmnqv~rkjl Pj~ar#_anqfkola Fbj~km`v

JV^C N1:>>#84 V~jmnjrn @qkna gbr Qva bg Xrb~af~kwa Fbj~km` V~jmnjrnv km Mqflajr

Xbpar Xljm~v

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JV^C N16?>#86 V~jmnjrn @qkna gbr âv~km` Pj~ar#Obrma Jrfdk~af~qrjl Fbj~km`v

JV^C N7860#;7 V~jmnjrn âv~ Ca~dbnv gbr Nr{ Jorjvkbm Cjr _avkv~jmfa bg Dk`d@lbvv Fbj~km`v

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Xlj~gbrc, Nbqola#Dajn Ca~dbn+

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Nbqola#Dajn Jorjvar

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:- NagkmkvkVlqrr{ xqcx

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vlqrr{ ~kxa mbm va~~lkm` nkcjmj ~arnkrk njrk xjr~keal {jm` vjm`j~ djlqv njm njxj~ cacoam~qe

fjcxqrjm {jm` dbcbàm njm v~jokl vadkm``j eafaxj~jm jejm vacjekm camkmèj~ njm va~~lkm`

~arnkrk njrk xjr~keal ejvjr nkcmj fjcxqrjm ~knje v~jokl vadkm``j nkoq~qdejm cj~arkjl nam`jm

ea~jdjmjm jqv {jm` laokd ojke-U1S


16/29



Vlqrr{ xqcx vamnkrk carqxjejm jlj~ qm~qe cacbcxj vlqrr{- Vlqrr{ xqcx kmk cacklkek

~kxa {jm` vjm`j~ oarj`jc ckvjlm{j fam~rkgq`jl xqcx- Xacklkdjm cj~arkjl {jm` ~axj~ qm~qe

vlqrr{ xqcx vjm`j~ nkoq~qdejm ejramj jejm ebm~je ljm`vqm` nam`jm jqv, arbvk njm iq`j

ebrbvk- Nkcjmj jxlkejvk xam``qmjjm vlqrr{ xqcx njxj~ nk~acqk nk ~darcjl xbpar xljm~v

qm~qe camnkvxbva joq, ckmkm`, ~rjmvxbr~jvk ijrje ijqd oj~qojrj njm ckmarjl-U1S

@jcojr :8- Vlqrr{ xqcx

Vlqrr{ xqcx kmk vamnkrk carqxjejm ebcxbmam {jm` vjm`j~ ram~jm ~ardjnjx gambcamj

jqv- Gje~br gje~br {jm` njxj~ cam{aojoejm jqv nk fam~rkgq`jl vlqrr{ xqcx njxj~ nklkdj~

xjnj @jcojr ::-U;S

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vaealklkm`m{j oaojv njrk lkzqkn, vack nr{ kmv~jllj~kbmv $o+ njm pa~ kmv~jllj~kbmv $f+ nkcjmj

xbcxj gqll ~arfalqx vaxar~k xjnj @jcojr :? nk ojpjd kmk-U:8S


17/29



@jcojr :?- Cjfjc cjfjc kmv~jljvkvlqrr{ xqcxU:8S

?- EbcxbmamVlqrr{ Xqcx

Vlqrr{ xqcx kmk vamnkrk ~arnkrk oaoarjxj ebcxbmam, {jk~q9U1S

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U1S

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6- Navjkm njm erk~arkj xacklkdjm vlqrr{ xqcx kcxallar


18/29



j- Nagkmkvk njm gqm`vk vlqrr{ xqcx kcxallar

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qm~qerqooar kcxallarv-U:8S

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o- ^jdjxjm xacklkdjm cj~arkjl vlqrr{ xqcx kcxallar

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o- Oam~qe njm eaearjvjm xjr~keal vblkn ~arvaoq~

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djl {jm` djrqv nkxardj~kejm {jk~q camam~qejm jxlkejvk njm jxj vjij djcoj~jmm{j- ârnjxj~ ?


19/29



v~rj~a`k qm~qe camjdjm jqv {jk~q cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv djrqv fqeqx earjv qm~qe camjdjm jevk

xacb~bm`jm jekoj~ kcxkm`km` vblkn j~jq cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv djrqv fqeqx aljv~kv qm~qe

cam{arjx oaojm njm raobqmnxjr~keal-U:8S Oarkeq~ kmk carqxjejm djl djl {jm` djrqv

nkxardj~kejm xjnj vjj~ jejm caljeqejm xrbvav xacklkdjm cj~arkjl ~jdjm jqv qm~qevlqrr{

xqcx kcxallarv99U1S

j- Vkgj~ njrkvlqrr{

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@jcojr :1- ^kxa jorjvkwa pajr

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njrk jqv {jm` calkoj~ejm eadkljm`jm xarcqejjm cj~arkjl jekoj~ jnjm{j xjr~keal-

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xjnj @jcojr :7- Xjnj jxlkejvk vlqrr{ xqcx kcxallarv, caejmkvca arbvk {jm` ~arijnk

okjvjm{j oarqxj ebcokmjvk njrk nkraf~ kcxkmàcam~, vlknkm` oan pajr, lbp jm`la

kcxkmàcam~-


20/29


Cj~arkjl ^jdjm Jqv :;

@jcojr :7- Iamkv caejmkvca jqv arbvkU1S

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njxj~ nkxlb~ xjnj eqrwj vkv~ac ravk~jmvk- Vkv~ac eqrwj ravkv~jmvk jejm oaroanj nk

va~kjx vkv~ac xkxj njm ~knje njxj~ nkqojd eafqjlk ~arijnk xarqojdjm xjnj vkv~ac xkxj-U1S


21/29


Cj~arkjl ^jdjm Jqv ?8

f- Erk~arkj njm vkgj~ {jm` nkoq~qdejm vlqrr{ xqcx kcxallar

ârnjxj~ oaoarjxj erk~arkj {jm` nkoq~qdejm qm~qe xacklkdjm vlqrr{ xqcx kcxallar

nkcjmj cj~arkjl ~arvaoq~ ~a~jx v~jokl vafjrj caejmke, ekckj njm ~darcjl xjnj ebmnkvk bxarjvk-

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njm vqdq nkj~jv 00bF-

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vaojke mj~qrjl rqooar, ea~jdjmjm ekckj laokd ojke nkojmnkm` mj~qrjl rqooar njm


22/29


Cj~arkjl ^jdjm Jqv ?:

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rqooar njm xbl{qra~djma-

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23/29


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24/29



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25/29


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26/29



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27/29



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28/29



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material selection for wear application

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