memahami farmakognosi.docx

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  • 7/21/2019 Memahami farmakognosi.docx

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    XCEFGEG ^CLGDVGEGGE ^CAHCLG@GXGE (X^^)

    Dclgs/Vcacstcr 0 RI/8

    Glodgsi [gdtu 0 78 x =3 aceit

    Vtgemgr Doapctcesi Acagbgai jgragdokeosi

    Doapctcesi !gsgr 0 Ace`clgsdge gsgl mge hgkige tgegage ohgt ygek acekgemuek

    isi hcrdbgsigt

    "# "emidgtor ce$gpgige Doapctcesi

    Mggt aceychutdge mge ace`clgsdge egag tgegage gsgl! dclugrkg! egag

    sialisig scrtg hgkige tgegage ygek acekgemuek "gt hcrdbgsigt mge dckueggeeygII.%u&uge ^ca'clg&grge

    #is$g mggt aceychutdge mge ace`clgsdge egag tgegage gsgl! dclugrkg! egag

    sialisig scrtg hgkige tgegage ygek acekgemuek "gt hcrdbgsigt mge dckueggeeyg

    """# Agtcri ca'clg&grge

    #ialisig tgegage ohgt hcrug 0 %bi"oag! %gmix! &ortcx! 'ikeua! (uhcr!

    &oraus! &gulis! )crhg! *los!*oliua! *ru+tus! #cace! ,aylua! -lcua! .ctgb!

    Mgagr! Aglga! by+obytg! Ay+obytg! Ayobytg !hgbge eghgti

    "# Actomc ca'clg&grge

    &crgagb! tgeyg `g$gh

    # Lgedg*+lgedg* ca'clg&grge

    7> ckigtge g$gl

    .uru cscrtg mimid acahcri sglga mge hcrmog hcrsgag schclua

    acaulgi dckigtge cahclg`grge>

    cekoemisige dclgs mcekge cahigsgge schgkgi ialcacetgsi eilgi

    misilie .uru ace`clgsdge sc+grg siekdgt doactcesi ygek bgrus mi+ggi mge

    agtcri cahclg`grge ygek gdge mihgbgs>

    8> ckigtge Ieti (cori

    .uru acegygekdge mge ace`clgsdge tcetgek #ialisig tgegage ohgt

    hcrug 0 %bi"oag! %gmix! &ortcx! 'ikeua! (uhcr! &oraus! &gulis!

    )crhg! *los!*oliua! *ru+tus! #cace! ,aylua! -lcua! .ctgb! Mgagr!

    Aglga! by+obytg! Ay+obytg! Ayobytg !hgbge eghgti

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    #is$g sc+grg iemi6imu acemcekgrdge mge acacrbgtidge tgygekge yk

    misgagidge sc+grg +cragt! tcliti schgkgi uekdgge caceubge rgsg

    iekie tgbu> cdslorgsi

    #is$g acemoduacetgsidge/ace+gtgt bgsil tcauge gtgs tgygekge

    rcscetgsi

    #is$g acekcahgekdge bgsil tcauge gtgs cekgagtge tgygekge uetud

    mitiemgdlge`uti mglga cahgbgsge dcloaodscfgrg hcrtgekkuek `gwgh

    mge mcaodrgtisclghorgsi!

    #c+grg dlgsidgl sis$g aceycgdgti bgsil hgbgsgeeyg uetud sclge`uteyg

    ace`gmi dcsiaulge hcrsgagscfgrg mcaodrgtis> doejiragsi>

    .uru acahcridge tgahgbge iejoragsi uetud cekugtge gtgs dcsiaulge

    sis$g

    .uru aclgdudge tgeyg g$gh mcekge sis$g

    :> ckigtge gdbir

    .uru acaietg sis$g uetud acekcr`gdge sogl tcs ygek mihcridge

    .uru acekiejoragsidge agtcri ygek gdge mihgbgs crtcauge ygek gdge

    mgtgek

    .uru aceku+gdge sglga dcgmg cscrtg mimid schclua dclugr dclgs mge

    cscrtg mimid ace`g$gh sglga>

    "# Vua'cr/Hg*ge/Glgt

    G# #uahcr ;clg`gr 0

    ;udu gdct jgragdokeosi

    ;> ;gbge 0

    2

    &> ,lgt0

    Iejo+us

    'gto

    ""# ^ceilgige Hclg&gr

    ;cetud #ogl 0 (crtulis

    Iestruace 0 9rgige

    9`ige lisge

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    """# Foeto* Vogl

    7> ,g ygek miagdsum mcekge sialisig

    8> #chutdge suahcr gsgl sialisig

    Acekctgbui

    cglg #A .ueg Mbgrag 4usgetgrg

    G r s i l, V#Vi

    &i+glcekdg!

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    XCEFGEG ^CLGDVGEGGE ^CAHCLG@GXGE (X^^)

    Dclgs/Vcacstcr 0 RI/8

    Glodgsi [gdtu 0 75 x =3 aceit

    Vtgemgr Doapctcesi Acagbgai jgragdokeosi

    Doapctcesi !gsgr 0 Acekdlgsijidgsidge sistca tgegage ohgt

    "# "emidgtor ce$gpgige Doapctcesi

    Mggt acekcloaoddge sialisig hcrmgsgrdge jgailig! hgkige tgegage ygek

    mikuegdge scrtg dbgsigt gtgu dckuegge

    ""# %u&uge ca'clg&grge

    #is$g mggt ace`clgsdge tcetgek cekcloaodge sialisig hcrmgsgrdge jgailig!

    hgkige tgegage ygek mikuegdge scrtg dbgsigt gtgu dckuegge>

    """# Agtcri ca'clg&grge

    #ialisig tgegage ohgt hcrug 0 %bi"oag! %gmix! &ortcx! 'ikeua! (uhcr!

    &oraus! &gulis! )crhg! *los!*oliua! *ru+tus! #cace! ,aylua! -lcua! .ctgb!

    Mgagr! Aglga! by+obytg! Ay+obytg! Ayobytg !hgbge eghgti

    "# Actomc ca'clg&grge

    &crgagb! tgeyg `g$gh! rgdtidua

    # Lgedg*+lgedg* ca'clg&grge

    7> ckigtge g$gl

    .uru cscrtg mimid acahcri sglga mge hcrmog hcrsgag schclua

    acaulgi dckigtge cahclg`grge>

    cekoemisige dclgs mcekge cahigsgge schgkgi ialcacetgsi eilgi

    misilie

    .uru ace`clgsdge sc+grg siekdgt doactcesi ygek bgrus mi+ggi mgeagtcri cahclg`grge ygek gdge mihgbgs>

    8> ckigtge Ieti (cori

    .uru acegygekdge mge ace`clgsdge tcetgek #ialisig tgegage ohgt

    hcrug 0 %bi"oag! %gmix! &ortcx! 'ikeua! (uhcr! &oraus! &gulis!

    )crhg! *los!*oliua! *ru+tus! #cace! ,aylua! -lcua! .ctgb! Mgagr!

    Aglga! by+obytg! Ay+obytg! Ayobytg !hgbge eghgti

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    #is$g sc+grg iemi6imu acemcekgrdge mge acacrbgtidge tgygekge yk

    misgagidge sc+grg +cragt! tcliti schgkgi uekdgge caceubge rgsg

    iekie tgbu> cdslorgsi

    #is$g acemoduacetgsidge/ace+gtgt bgsil tcauge gtgs tgygekge

    rcscetgsi

    #is$g acekcahgekdge bgsil tcauge gtgs cekgagtge tgygekge uetud

    mitiemgdlge`uti mglga cahgbgsge dcloaodscfgrg hcrtgekkuek `gwgh

    mge mcaodrgtisclghorgsi!

    #c+grg dlgsidgl sis$g aceycgdgti bgsil hgbgsgeeyg uetud sclge`uteyg

    ace`gmi dcsiaulge hcrsgagscfgrg mcaodrgtis> doejiragsi>

    .uru acahcridge tgahgbge iejoragsi uetud cekugtge gtgs dcsiaulge

    sis$g

    .uru aclgdudge tgeyg g$gh mcekge sis$g

    :> ckigtge gdbir

    .uru acaietg sis$g uetud acekcr`gdge sogl tcs ygek mihcridge

    .uru acekiejoragsidge agtcri ygek gdge mihgbgs crtcauge ygek gdge

    mgtgek

    .uru aceku+gdge sglga dcgmg cscrtg mimid schclua dclugr dclgs mge

    cscrtg mimid ace`g$gh sglga>

    "# Vua'cr/Hg*ge/Glgt

    G# #uahcr ;clg`gr 0

    ;udu gdct jgragdokeosi

    ;> ;gbge 0

    ;gbge hgdu jgragsi

    &> ,lgt0

    (iahgekge

    Aortir! stgacr

    ""# ^ceilgige Hclg&gr

    ;cetud #ogl 0 (crtulis

    Iestruace 0 9rgige

    rgdtidua

    """# Foeto* Vogl 7> #chutdge egag lgtie! jgaili! dbgsigt! mge dckuegge mgri hgtgek hroto$gli

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    Acekctgbui

    cglg #A .ueg Mbgrag 4usgetgrg

    G r s i l, V#Vi

    &i+glcekdg!

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    XCEFGEG ^CLGDVGEGGE ^CAHCLG@GXGE (X^^)

    Dclgs/Vcacstcr 0 RI/8

    Glodgsi [gdtu 0 78 x =3 aceit

    Vtgemgr Doapctcesi Acagbgai jgragdokeosi

    Doapctcesi !gsgr 0 Aclgdudge cahugtge sialisig mgri tgegage ohgt

    "# "emidgtor ce$gpgige Doapctcesi

    Mggt acahugt sialisig mgri tgegage ohgt

    ""# %u&uge ca'clg&grge

    #is$g mggt acahugt sialisig mgri tgegage ohgt

    """# Agtcri ca'clg&grge

    cahugtge sialisig hcrmgsgrdge hgkige tgegage ygek migahil uetud mi`gmidge

    sialisig

    cekcrtige sialisig! sialisig eghgti! sialisig bc$gei

    cahugtge scrhud sialisig

    cahugtge sialisig rg`gekge

    "# Actomc ca'clg&grge

    &crgagb! tgeyg `g$gh! rgdtidua

    # Lgedg*+lgedg* ca'clg&grge

    ,> ckigtge g$gl

    .uru cscrtg mimid acahcri sglga mge hcrmog hcrsgag schclua

    acaulgi dckigtge cahclg`grge>

    cekoemisige dclgs mcekge cahigsgge schgkgi ialcacetgsi eilgi

    misilie

    .uru ace`clgsdge sc+grg siekdgt doactcesi ygek bgrus mi+ggi mge

    agtcri cahclg`grge ygek gdge mihgbgs>

    ;> ckigtge Ieti (cori

    .uru acegygekdge mge ace`clgsdge tcetgek cahugtge sialisig mgri

    tgegage ohgt>

    #is$g sc+grg iemi6imu acemcekgrdge mge acacrbgtidge tgygekge yk

    misgagidge sc+grg +cragt! tcliti schgkgi uekdgge caceubge rgsg

    iekie tgbu> cdslorgsi

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    #is$g acemoduacetgsidge/ace+gtgt bgsil tcauge gtgs tgygekge

    rcscetgsi

    #is$g acekcahgekdge bgsil tcauge gtgs cekgagtge tgygekge uetud

    mitiemgdlge`uti mglga cahgbgsge dcloaodscfgrg hcrtgekkuek `gwgh

    mge mcaodrgtisclghorgsi!

    #c+grg dlgsidgl sis$g aceycgdgti bgsil hgbgsgeeyg uetud sclge`uteyg

    ace`gmi dcsiaulge hcrsgagscfgrg mcaodrgtis> doejiragsi>

    .uru acahcridge tgahgbge iejoragsi uetud cekugtge gtgs dcsiaulge

    sis$g

    .uru aclgdudge tgeyg g$gh mcekge sis$g

    &> ckigtge gdbir

    .uru acaietg sis$g uetud acekcr`gdge sogl tcs ygek mihcridge

    .uru acekiejoragsidge agtcri ygek gdge mihgbgs crtcauge ygek gdge

    mgtgek

    .uru aceku+gdge sglga dcgmg cscrtg mimid schclua dclugr dclgs mge

    cscrtg mimid ace`g$gh sglga>

    "# Vua'cr/Hg*ge/Glgt

    G# #uahcr ;clg`gr 0

    ;udu gdct jgragdokeosi

    ;> ;gbge 0

    #ialisig tuahubge

    &> ,lgt0

    2

    2

    ""# ^ceilgige Hclg&gr

    ;cetud #ogl 0 (crtulis cssgy

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    g> Mgue gahu hi i

    h> uais du+iek

    +> %iagek ueyit

    Acekctgbui

    cglg #A .ueg Mbgrag 4usgetgrg

    G r s i l, V#Vi

    &i+glcekdg!

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    XCEFGEG ^CLGDVGEGGE ^CAHCLG@GXGE (X^^)

    Dclgs/Vcacstcr 0 RI/8

    Glodgsi [gdtu 0 78 x =3 aceit

    Vtgemgr Doapctcesi Acagbgai jgragdokeosi

    Doapctcesi !gsgr 0 Acekimcetijidgsi sialisig mge tgegage ohgt

    "# "emidgtor ce$gpgige Doapctcesi

    Mggt acekimcetijidgsi sialisig mge tgegage ohgt mcekge hcegr

    ""# %u&uge ca'clg&grge

    #is$g mggt acekimcetijidgsi sialisig mge tgegage ohgt mcekge hcegr

    """# Agtcri ca'clg&grge

    %bi"oag! %gmix! &ortcx! 'ikeua! (uhcr! &oraus! &gulis! )crhg! *los!*oliua!

    *ru+tus! #cace!,aylua! -lcua! .ctgb!Mgagr! Aglga! by+obytg!Ay+obytg!

    Ayobytg !hgbge eghgti

    "# Actomc ca'clg&grge

    &crgagb! tgeyg `g$gh! rgdtidua

    ?> Lgedg*+lgedg* ^ca'clg&grge

    g> ckigtge g$gl

    .uru cscrtg mimid acahcri sglga mge hcrmog hcrsgag schclua

    acaulgi dckigtge cahclg`grge>

    cekoemisige dclgs mcekge cahigsgge schgkgi ialcacetgsi eilgi

    misilie

    .uru ace`clgsdge sc+grg siekdgt doactcesi ygek bgrus mi+ggi mge

    agtcri cahclg`grge ygek gdge mihgbgs>

    h> ckigtge Ieti (cori .uru acegygekdge mge ace`clgsdge tcetgek acekimcetijidgsi sialisig

    mge tgegage ohgt mcekge hcegr

    #is$g sc+grg iemi6imu acemcekgrdge mge acacrbgtidge tgygekge yk

    misgagidge sc+grg +cragt! tcliti schgkgi uekdgge caceubge rgsg

    iekie tgbu> cdslorgsi

    #is$g acemoduacetgsidge/ace+gtgt bgsil tcauge gtgs tgygekge

    rcscetgsi

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    #is$g acekcahgekdge bgsil tcauge gtgs cekgagtge tgygekge uetud

    mitiemgdlge`uti mglga cahgbgsge dcloaodscfgrg hcrtgekkuek `gwgh

    mge mcaodrgtisclghorgsi!

    #c+grg dlgsidgl sis$g aceycgdgti bgsil hgbgsgeeyg uetud sclge`uteyg

    ace`gmi dcsiaulge hcrsgagscfgrg mcaodrgtis> doejiragsi>

    .uru acahcridge tgahgbge iejoragsi uetud cekugtge gtgs dcsiaulge

    sis$g

    .uru aclgdudge tgeyg g$gh mcekge sis$g

    +> ckigtge gdbir

    .uru acaietg sis$g uetud acekcr`gdge sogl tcs ygek mihcridge

    .uru acekiejoragsidge agtcri ygek gdge mihgbgs crtcauge ygek gdge

    mgtgek

    .uru aceku+gdge sglga dcgmg cscrtg mimid schclua dclugr dclgs mge

    cscrtg mimid ace`g$gh sglga>

    "# Vua'cr/Hg*ge/Glgt

    g# #uahcr ;clg`gr 0

    ;udu gdct jgragdokeosi

    h> ;gbge 0

    #ialisig tuahubge

    +> ,lgt0

    2

    2

    ""# ^ceilgige Hclg&gr

    ;cetud #ogl 0 (crtulis cssgy

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    Acekctgbui

    cglg #A .ueg Mbgrag 4usgetgrg

    G r s i l, V#Vi

    &i+glcekdg!

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    XCEFGEG ^CLGDVGEGGE ^CAHCLG@GXGE (X^^)

    Dclgs/Vcacstcr 0 RI/8

    Glodgsi [gdtu 0 78 x =3 aceit

    Vtgemgr Doapctcesi Acagbgai jgragdokeosi

    Doapctcesi !gsgr 0 Ace`clgsdge agejggt mge isi dbgsigt tgegage ohgt

    "# "emidgtor ce$gpgige Doapctcesi

    Mggt ace`clgsdge gemuekge "gt hcrdbgsigt mge dckuegge mgri tgegage ohgt

    mcekge hcegr

    ""# %u&uge ca'clg&grge

    #is$g mggt ace`clgsdge gemuekge "gt hcrdbgsigt mge dckuegge mgri tgegageohgt mcekge hcegr

    """# Agtcri ca'clg&grge

    #ialisig tgegage ohgt hcrug 0 %bi"oag! %gmix! &ortcx! 'ikeua! (uhcr!

    &oraus! &gulis! )crhg! *los!*oliua! *ru+tus! #cace!,aylua! -lcua!

    .ctgb!Mgagr! Aglga! by+obytg!Ay+obytg! Ayobytg !hgbge eghgti

    "# Actomc ca'clg&grge

    &crgagb! tgeyg `g$gh

    ?> Lgedg*+lgedg* ^ca'clg&grge

    g> ckigtge g$gl

    .uru cscrtg mimid acahcri sglga mge hcrmog hcrsgag schclua

    acaulgi dckigtge cahclg`grge>

    cekoemisige dclgs mcekge cahigsgge schgkgi ialcacetgsi eilgi

    misilie

    .uru ace`clgsdge sc+grg siekdgt doactcesi ygek bgrus mi+ggi mge

    agtcri cahclg`grge ygek gdge mihgbgs>

    h> ckigtge Ieti (cori

    .uru acegygekdge mge ace`clgsdge tcetgek gemuekge "gt hcrdbgsigt

    mge dckuegge mgri tgegage ohgt>

    #is$g sc+grg iemi6imu acemcekgrdge mge acacrbgtidge tgygekge yk

    misgagidge sc+grg +cragt! tcliti schgkgi uekdgge caceubge rgsg

    iekie tgbu> cdslorgsi

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    #is$g acemoduacetgsidge/ace+gtgt bgsil tcauge gtgs tgygekge

    rcscetgsi

    #is$g acekcahgekdge bgsil tcauge gtgs cekgagtge tgygekge uetud

    mitiemgdlge`uti mglga cahgbgsge dcloaodscfgrg hcrtgekkuek `gwgh

    mge mcaodrgtisclghorgsi!

    #c+grg dlgsidgl sis$g aceycgdgti bgsil hgbgsgeeyg uetud sclge`uteyg

    ace`gmi dcsiaulge hcrsgagscfgrg mcaodrgtis> doejiragsi>

    .uru acahcridge tgahgbge iejoragsi uetud cekugtge gtgs dcsiaulge

    sis$g

    .uru aclgdudge tgeyg g$gh mcekge sis$g

    +> ckigtge gdbir

    .uru acaietg sis$g uetud acekcr`gdge sogl tcs ygek mihcridge

    .uru acekiejoragsidge agtcri ygek gdge mihgbgs crtcauge ygek gdge

    mgtgek

    .uru aceku+gdge sglga dcgmg cscrtg mimid schclua dclugr dclgs mge

    cscrtg mimid ace`g$gh sglga>

    "# Vua'cr/Hg*ge/Glgt

    g# #uahcr ;clg`gr 0

    ;udu gdct jgragdokeosi

    h> ;gbge 0

    #ialisig tuahubge

    +> ,lgt0

    2

    2

    ""# ^ceilgige Hclg&gr

    ;cetud #ogl 0 (crtulis cssgy

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    h> uais du+iek

    +> %iagek ueyit

    Acekctgbui

    cglg #A .ueg Mbgrag 4usgetgrg

    G r s i l, V#Vi

    &i+glcekdg!