nervous system dip 22hfs dr ajit oak

GMM Dip 22 1

IçbìçUçÇIçbìçUçÇIçbìçUçÇIçbìçUçÇ çÆcç$ççÆcç$ççÆcç$ççÆcç$ç cçbcçbcçbcçb[U,[U,[U,[U,

³ççíiç ³ççíiç ³ççíiç ³ççíiç HçoçÆJçkçÀçHçoçÆJçkçÀçHçoçÆJçkçÀçHçoçÆJçkçÀç DçY³ççmç¬çÀcç ¬çÀ.22 DçY³ççmç¬çÀcç ¬çÀ.22 DçY³ççmç¬çÀcç ¬çÀ.22 DçY³ççmç¬çÀcç ¬çÀ.22

---- Dr Ajit Oak

C.P.U. - C.N.S. kçWÀêçÇ³ç cçppççmçbmLçç

P.N.S.

Motor Dçç%ççJççnkçÀ

Sensory mçbJçíovççJççnkçÀ Motor Sensory

Dçç%ççJççnkçÀ mçbJçíovççJççnkçÀ

GMM Dip 22

HççÆjçÆIç³ç

3

Main Structures of the Nervous System cçppççmçbmLçí®çí ÒçcçáKç IçìkçÀ

1. Brain cçWoÓ

2. Spinal cord cçppççjppçÓ

3. Nerves ®çílççlçblçÓ

4. Special Sense Organs %ççvçWçÆê³çí

GMM Dip 22 4

Nervous system cçppççmçbmLçç

Central nervous system cçO³çJçlçça cçppççmçbmLçç

Peripheral Nervous system HççÆjçÆIç³ç cçppççmçbmLçç

Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain

Cerebral Cortex

Basal Ganglia

Hippocampus

Amygdala

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Pons Medulla Oblongata

Brain cçWoÓ Spinal Cord

GMM Dip 22 5

cçppççjppçÓ

Nervous system cçppççmçbmLçç

Central nervous system cçO³çJçlçça cçppççmçbmLçç (Síçq®skçÀ)

Peripheral Nervous system HççÆjçÆIç³ç cçppççmçbmLçç

Sensory nervous system

mçbJçíovççJççnkçÀ Motor nervous system ÒçíjCççJççnkçÀ

Somatic

FbçÆê³çí, mvçç³çÓ

Autonomic

DçvçÌçq®skçÀ (mJçç³çÊç)

Sympathetic DçvçákçbÀHççÇ

Parasympathetic

HçjçvçákçbÀHççÇ GMM Dip 22 6

•Visual System ¢äçÇ

•Auditory System SíkçÀCçí

•Gustatory System (taste) ©®ççÇ / ®çJç

•Olfactory System (smell) içbOç

•Touch mHçMç&


mçbJçíovççJççnkçÀ

GMM Dip 22 7


mçbJçíovççJççnkçÀ

GMM Dip 22 8

•Vestibular System (inner ear) Dççblçj kçÀCç&

•Temperature lççHçcççvç •Pressure oçyç •Pain Jçíovçç

•Proprioception (posture, movement, facial

expression) oínYççvç

Central Nervous System (C.N.S.) cçO³çJçlçça cçppççmçbmLçç Brain cçWoÓ Spinal Cord cçppççjppçÓ And 12 pairs of cranial nerves kçWÀêçÇ³ç cçppççmçbmLçç cçWoÓ cçppççjppçÓ cçWoÓHççmçÓvç çÆvçIçCçç-³çç ®çílççlçblçÓb®³çç 12 pççí[îçç

GMM Dip 22 9

GMM Dip 22 10

Peripheral Nervous System (P.N.S.)

31 pairs of nerves from

Spinal cord

HçjçÇçÆIç³ç cçppççmçbbmLçç HççþkçÀC³ççHççmçÓvç çÆvçIçCçç-³çç ®çílççlçblçÓ®³çç 31 pççí[îçç

GMM Dip 22 11

Brain cçWoÓ Animal Brain & Neocortex

Three parts:

The hindbrain - has been inherited from the

reptiles

The limbic system - first emerged in

mammals

The forebrain - which has its full

development in human. GMM Dip 22 12

Brain cçWoÓ

Many Folds

(Increase in surface area)

JçÈ³çç – Hç=ÿYççiççlç Jçç{

Enclosed in the skull

kçÀJçìçÇ – mçbj#çCç

GMM Dip 22 13

Brain cçWoÓ

Each half controls opposite side of body

Has different areas carrying out different

Functions

Two halves [çJçç / GpçJçç iççíuççOç&

GMM Dip 22 14

Brain cçWoÓ Skull kçÀJçìçÇ Meninges cççÆmlç<kçÀçJçjCçí Cerebrum cççíþç cçWoÓ Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Pituitary

çÆHç³çáçÆ<çkçÀç Brain Stem, Pons, Medulla Oblongata (uçbyçcçppçç), Cerebellum (uçnçvç cçWoÓ), Spinal Cord

GMM Dip 22 15

Brain cçWoÓ

GMM Dip 22 16

Lobes çÆJçYççiç

GMM Dip 22 17

Nerve Cell (Neuron)

Highly specialized

type of cell

®çílççHçíMççÇ : çÆJçMçí<ç HçíMççÇ

More than 100 billion

Not replaced like many other cells in the body vçä Pççu³ççmç l³ççpççiççÇ oámçjçÇ HçíMççÇ lç³ççj nçílç vççnçÇ GMM Dip 22 18

<ç

100 trillion synaptic

connections in our brain

1000 to 10000 synapses

with each Neuron

Neurotransmitters

çÆJççÆMçÿ jmçç³çvçí

GMM Dip 22 19

Neuroglia

GMM Dip 22 20

•Surround neurons,

hold them in place

•Supply nutrients,O2

to neurons

•Insulate one neuron from another

•Destroy pathogens remove dead neurons.

Outer layer-Grey mater-Nerve cells-

Cortex yçç¿ç kçÀj[í DççJçjCç - ®çílççHçíMççÇ

Middle layer-white mater-

Nerves

éçílç Lçj Inner layer-

scattered grey mater-Basal ganglia

-connected with cortex,

spinal cord, cerebellum

GMM Dip 22 21

Birth up to age of 6 : Frontal lobes become

active

development of emotions, attachments,

planning, working memory and attention

YççJçvçç, Dççí{, çÆvç³ççípçvç, mcçjCçMçkçwlççÇ, uç#ç * Life experiences shape the emotional well-being in adulthood DçvçáYçJççlçÓvç YççJçvççlcçkçÀ pç[Cç-Iç[Cç

* At age 6 - 95% of its adult weight and at its

peak of energy consumption

Brain Development

GMM Dip 22 22

Brain Development

7 to 22: The prefrontal cortex (involving control

of impulses, judgment and decision-making) -

- the last to mature cçÓuç ÒçíjCççJçj çÆvç³çb$çCç, çÆvçCç&³ç#çcçlçç, mçÓ%çlçç

The peak power at around age 22 …… …..lasts for about 5 years

…..thereafter it's downhill all the way

GMM Dip 22 23

Cerebro Spinal Fluid

Brain - hollow organ! Cavities inside – Ventricles Space between Meninges & Brain cçWoÓ®³çç DççlççÇuç, cççÆmlç<kçÀçJçjCççblççÇuç HççíkçÀÈ³çç -filled with C.S.F. (cççÆmlç<kçÀ cçíªêJç)

Brain, Spinal cord – -covered by 3 protective sheaths

CSF circulates through two inner coverings

GMM Dip 22 24

Cerebro Spinal Fluid

Protects brain from injury and toxic substances entering in çÆJç<ççjçÇ êJ³ççbHççmçÓvç Jç oáKççHçlççRHççmçÓvç yç®ççJç Nourishes brain Hççí<çCç Removes waste matter oÓçÆ<çlç êJ³ççb®çí çÆJçmçpç&vç In the end it enters blood circulation jkçwlçJçççÆnv³ççbyçjçíyçj pçáUCççÇ

GMM Dip 22 25

Limbic System

Emotional aspects

&

Behavioural patterns

YççJç – YççJçvçç, JççiçCçÓkçÀ

GMM Dip 22 26

Cerebellum, Pons, Medulla

GMM Dip 22 27

Carotid Arteries

Weight of brain-2% of body-

20% of total blood supply

By Lt. and Rt. Carotid Arteries

Baro-receptors (YççjûççnkçÀ) ensure regular blood supply

Brain : Extremely sensitive to Oxygen lack - Giddiness, Confusion, Unconsciousness

IçíjçÇ, mçbYçcç, yçíMçáOoçÇ

GMM Dip 22 28

Spinal Cord

• Central grey mater

• Outer white mater

• Mixed nerves

• çÆcçÞç ®çílççlçblçÓ (Dçç%ççJççnkçÀ,mçbJçíovççJççnkçÀ)

• Coverings (DççJçjCçí)

GMM Dip 22 29

Spinal Cord cçppççjppçÓ

GMM Dip 22 30

Autonomous

Sympathetic &

Parasympathetic

System

mJçç³çÊç cçppççmçbmLçç DçvçákçbÀHççÇ Jç HçjçvçákçbÀHççÇ mçbmLçç

GMM Dip 22 31

GMM Dip 22 32

Functions of

the Nervous System

®çílççmçbmLçç- kçÀç³ç&

GMM Dip 22 33

Function kçÀç³ç&

Neuron cçppççHçíMççÇ : Impulse mçboíMçJçnvç Received through Dendrites (Jç=çÆ#çkçÀç)

Conducted through Axon (Dç#çlçblçÓ)

GMM Dip 22 34

GMM Dip 22 35

Electro – Chemical action

Chemicals

� GABA

� Acetylcholine

� Glycin

� Epinephrine, Norepinephrin

� Dopamine

� …..

GMM Dip 22 36

GMM Dip 22 37

Function kçÀç³ç& Nerves impulses: cçppççlçblçÓbcçOççÇuç mçboíMç Jçnvç Unidirectional in a fibre SkçÀ çÆoMçç JççnlçÓkçÀ Inhibitory ÒççÆlçyçbOççlcçkçÀ Excitatory GÎçÇHçkçÀ

Nerves: cçppççlçblçÓ Sensory – Afferent mçbJçíovççJççnkçÀ Motor – Efferent Dçç%ççJççnkçÀ Mixed çÆcçÞç Circuits pççí[C³çç GMM Dip 22 38

Hemispheres of the Brain cçWoÓ®çí oçívç iççíuççOç&

� Each one controls the other side of the

body

� Except swallowing, breathing

� çÆiçUCçí Jç éççmççísdJççmç mççí[Óvç mçJç& çÆ¬çÀ³ççb®çí çÆvç³çb$çCç çÆJçªOo yççpçÓvçí

GMM Dip 22 39

� Connection between the two –

complex one

� Left : Analytical, mathematical

�[çJçç iççíuççOç& : iççÆCçlççÇ³ç, lçççÆkç&ÀkçÀ #çcçlçç

� Right: Artistic, innovative

�GpçJçç iççíuççOç& : YççJçvçç, kçÀuçç, F.

Hemispheres of the Brain cçWoÓ®çí oçívç iççíuççOç&

GMM Dip 22 40

GMM Dip 22 41

Prefrontal

cortex

Motor Speech

Area

(Broca’s area)

Jçç®ççkçWÀê Dçç%çç

Visual Cortex

¢äçÇ kçWÀê

auditory cortex SíkçÀCçíSíkçÀCçíSíkçÀCçíSíkçÀCçí

Sensory

Speech area

Jçç®ççkçWÀê mçbJçíovççlcçkçÀ

Visual

association area

Central Sulcus

Taste area

Primary Motor Sensory mçbJçíovçç Area Dçç%ççJççnkçÀ

Cerebrum cççíþç cçWoÓ

GMM Dip 22 42

Cerebrum cççíþç cçWoÓ

� Sensory area : back side (posterior) of

central sulcus mçbJçíovçç ûçnCç – cççiççÇuç yççpçÓ

� Motor area : front part (anterior) of central

sulcus Dçç%çç – Hçá{çÇuç yççpçÓ

� Association area : Lateral side

SkçÀ$ççÇkçÀjCç –yççpçÓ®çç Yççiç

GMM Dip 22 43

Motor Areas Dçç%çç kçWÀêí

GMM Dip 22 44

cçO³çç®çç mçcççíjçÇuç Yççiç

GMM Dip 22 45

‘The little man in the

brain’

GMM Dip 22 46

Skin Map in

Post Central

Gyrus

(by,Penfield)

(Sensory)

mçbJçíovççb®çç vçkçÀçMçç cçO³çç®³çç cççiççÇuç yççpçÓ

Functions of Cerebral Cortex

� Higher centre controlling

G®®çmlçjçÇ³ç çÆvç³çb$çCç

� mental behaviour

� Jçlç&CçÓkçÀ

� Thought

� çÆJç®ççj

� Consciousness

� pççCççÇJç

GMM Dip 22 47


� Moral sense vçÌçÆlçkçÀlçç

� Will F®sçMçkçwlççÇ

� Intellect yçáOoçÇcçÊçç

� Language Yçç<çç

� Special Senses çÆJç<çíMç mçbJçíovçç

GMM Dip 22 48


� Cortex yçç¿çHçìuç– origin of all voluntary

motor impulses controlling the skeletal

muscles mçJç& Síçq®skçÀ çÆ¬çÀ³ççb®çí GiçcçmLççvç

� Final area for the reception of all

incoming sensory impulses through

Spinal Cord, Medulla, Thalamus

- their appreciation & interpretation

mçJç& mçbJçíovççb®çí Dçblçcç ûçnCçmLççvç – mçbJçíovççb®ççÇ pççCççÇJç

GMM Dip 22 49

Pre frontal cortex

� içáblççiçálççÇ®³çç Jçlç&CçÓkçÀçÇ®çí çÆvç³ççípçvç

� J³ççqkçwlçcçlJçç®ççÇ DççÆYçJ³çkçwlççÇ

� mçá³ççíi³ç mççcçççÆpçkçÀ Jçlç&CçÓkçÀ

� cççvçJççÇ JççiçCçÓkçÀçÇ®ççÇ içá©çÆkçÀuuççÇ

³çç mçJçç¥®çí GiçcçmLççvç

GMM Dip 22 50

Pre frontal cortex thought to be involved in-

� planning complex cognitive behavior

� in the expression of personality

� appropriate social behavior.

� It is a key area of the brain and is often

thought said to be key to what makes us

human.

GMM Dip 22 51

The frontal lobes :

� ideas are created

� kçÀuHçvççb®çç Giçcç

� thoughts joined with associations

to form new memories

� çÆJç®ççjç®çí SkçÀçlcççÇkçÀjCç – vçJççÇvç mcç=lççÇ

� The home of Consciousness

� pççCççÇJçí®çí kçdWÀê

GMM Dip 22 52

The frontal lobes : � Self-awareness arises here

� mJçlJçç®ççÇ pççCççÇJç

� Emotions transformed in this place

from physical survival systems to

subjective feelings

� J³ççqkçwlççÆvçÿ YççJçvççb®ççÇ çÆvççÆcç&lççÇ

� Closely associated with the

generation of consciousness in the

prefrontal cortex

GMM Dip 22 53

Brain maps

Left-at work having problems,

Beta waves

Right- relaxing with family

Initial phase of Yoganidra Deeper relaxation,

Alpha waves

GMM Dip 22 54

GMM Dip 22 55

Mid Brain

GMM Dip 22 56

GMM Dip 22 57

Behavioral pattern

� Emotions like,

Pleasure

Pain

Anger

Fear

Sexual feelings

Love & affection

Two pathways

� “Lower ‘Old’ Pathway”

� “Upper ‘New’ Pathway”

GMM Dip 22 58

Reticular Formation

� Arousal

� Relaxation of Brain

� Concerned with Sleep

� Pineal gland

GMM Dip 22 59

Cerebellum uçnçvç cçWoÓ

� Co-ordination of voluntary movements

� Brings about co-ordinated movements

� Maintains muscle tone, controls

posture

GMM Dip 22 60

Cerebellum uçnçvç cçWoÓ

� Maintains equilibrium through

receiving signals from internal ear

� Regulation of all skilful movements

� Works in close association with other

areas

GMM Dip 22 61

GMM Dip 22 62

Thalamus

� Relay station for

sensory impulses

� Interprets impulses of pain,

Temperature, etc.

GMM Dip 22 63

Medulla Oblongata

uçbyçcçppçç � Reflex centres of-

� Cardiac activity, Respiration &

vasomotor functions

� Swallowing, Vomiting, Coughing,

Sneezing (kç=ÀkçÀuç) hiccupping (vççiç)

� Cortex can influence the function

GMM Dip 22 64

Spinal CordSpinal CordSpinal CordSpinal Cord

1. Communication with

brain & other body parts

1. Reflex action

GMM Dip 22 65

Reflex Action Reflex Action Reflex Action Reflex Action ÒççÆlççÆ#çHlç çÆ¬çÀ³ççÒççÆlççÆ#çHlç çÆ¬çÀ³ççÒççÆlççÆ#çHlç çÆ¬çÀ³ççÒççÆlççÆ#çHlç çÆ¬çÀ³çç

Can be inhibited by voluntary control

GMM Dip 22 66

Reflex Action ÒççÆlççÆ#çHlç çÆ¬çÀ³çç

GMM Dip 22 67

Hypothalamus

� Integration of ANS, endocrine system

� Regulates internal environment &

Homeostasis DççblçjçÇkçÀ mçblçáuçvç

� Controls Pituitary gland

� Regulates food intake & thirst

� Associated with emotions

GMM Dip 22 68

GMM Dip 22 69

ANS DçvçÌçq®skçÀ cçppççmçbmLçç � Involuntary Nervous System DçvçÌçq®skçÀ

� Deals with automatic nervous control

of viscera

� Entirely motor Dçç%ççJççnkçÀ

� Works without direct control of brain

but is influenced by some centers in

cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and

medulla

cççíþîçç cçWoÓ®çí DççbçÆMçkçÀ çÆvç³çb$çCç

GMM Dip 22 70

Sympathetic & Parasympathetic

� Opposite actions

� Balance each other

� F[ç – çÆHçbiçuçç vçç[îçç

GMM Dip 22 71

Action Sympathetic

(Fight, Fright or

Flight)

Para Sympathetic

Pupils of the eye Dilates Constricts

Heart rate Increases Slows down

Blood vessels of

Skin & Viscera

Constricts Dilates

Coronary Arteries Dilates Slows down Heart

Blood Pressure Elavates Normalizes

Secretion of Salivary

& Lacrimal Glands

Reduses Increases

GMM Dip 22 72

Action Sympathetic

(Fight, Fright or Flight)

Para

Sympathetic

Breathing rate Increases Decreases

Bronchi Relaxes Constrics

Blood Sugar Increases

Gastric activity,

Blood flow,

peristalsis

Reduces Increases

Adrenaline & Nor

adrenaline

Stimulates Regularizes

Exercise Stimulates

Emotional activity Stimulated Restores GMM Dip 22 73

Stress Reaction

� Sympathetic stimulation

� ‘Fight, Flight or Fright’ response

� uç{ç, HçUç DçLçJçç Içyçjçì

GMM Dip 22 74

GMM Dip 22 75

GMM Dip 22 76

Conscious Experience

�When a person is thinking,

feeling, imagining, dreaming,

reasoning, perceiving with full

awareness

GMM Dip 22 77

Co ordination of Sensory impulses

Recognition,

judgment of distance, area, etc

Motor response – coordinated movement

Commands from brain –

-opposite to each other

GMM Dip 22 78

GMM Dip 22 79

GMM Dip 22 80

Special Sense Organs –

Taste ®çJç � Tongue, palate, pharynx -taste buds

� pççÇYç, ìçUÓ®çç kçÀçnçÇ Yççiç, Içmçç

� 1. general sensation, tactile ,size,

shape, texture, consistence,

temperature, etc

� mçJç&mççOççjCç – DççkçÀçj, lççHçcççvç, mHçMç&, F.

� 2. special taste sensation

GMM Dip 22 82


Smell içbOç

� Olfactory nerve

� Directly passed to brain cçWoÓkçÀ[í Jçnvç

� Stimulate by gases, small particles

� Temporal lobe

GMM Dip 22 83


Sight ¢äçÇ

� Retina, Rods & cones, nerve endings

� Optic nerve

� Signals from left retina to left brain

� Optic chiasma

� Visual cortex in occipital lobe

GMM Dip 22 84

Sight ¢äçÇ

GMM Dip 22 85

Special Sense Organs – Hearing SíkçÀCçí

� Ears

� Internal ears –

semicircular canals filled with fluid –

movement stimulates nerve endings

signal to cerebellum to control equilibrium,

sense of position of the body

� Auditory nerve –

� Centre below temporal lobe

GMM Dip 22 86

Special Sense Organs – Touch mHçMç&

� Efferent nerves from Skin

� lJç®çíJçjçÇuç cçppççlçblçÓbÜçjç Jçnvç

� Some areas more sensitive

GMM Dip 22 87

Proprioception

�oínYççvç

� Awareness of our own body

GMM Dip 22 88

Property of the brain cçWoÓ®çí JçÌçÆMçþîç

� Stops recognizing persistent strong sensations - Habituation

� mçlçlç GÎçÇHçvç – vççWo IçíCçí LççbyççÆJçlççí

� Imagining an action, emotion, etc :

….same structural activity as actual action or emotion

kçÀuHçvçççÆ®ç$ççlç DçvçáYççÆJçuçíu³çç YççJçvççb®ççÇ pççCççÇJç :

KçjçíKçjçÇ®³çç YççJçvççbÒçcççCçí®ç nçíCççjí yçouç

GMM Dip 22 89

Mind cçvç � Functional entity cçWoÓ®çí kçÀç³çç&lcçkçÀ DçççÆmlçlJç

� Brain function

� Affects functioning of the brain and

body

� Mind Body relationship

� Network of,

Brain, Endocrine and Immune systems GMM Dip 22 90

Psycho-neuro-immunology

Neurotheology DççO³ççlcç®çílççMççðç

GMM Dip 22 91

Temporal lobe

� Spatial sense

� Awareness of the surrounding space -

time

GMM Dip 22 92

Effect of Yogasadhana

GMM Dip 22 93

Yama – Niyama ³çcç-çÆvç³çcç � Observance induces calmness of

mind because of reduction of stress

on Nervous System

� Balance of ANS

GMM Dip 22 94

Asana Dççmçvç

� Neuro - muscular coordination

� Attaining posture consciously

� Òç³çlvçMçÌçÆLçu³ç : lower brain centers start

maintaining the posture automatically

(Habituation)

� Brain map of a posture

GMM Dip 22 95

Asana Dççmçvç � DçvçvlçmçcççHççÆÊç Internal awareness

develops since process of thinking,

analysis, etc reduced

� Development of internal awareness

� ÜboçvççÆYçIççlç:

� Balance of brain commands to

muscles

induces stability of body – mind

Balance of ANS GMM Dip 22 96

Mudras cçáêç

� Asana like pose, contraction of particular

body part - with attitude

� Nerve plexuses, endocrine glands

� Establishes subtle, non-intellectual

connection in Brain –

- each Mudra: different link

� Influences unconscious,

instinctive habbit patterns in Brain

GMM Dip 22 97

Shuddhikriyas MçáçqOoçq¬çÀ³çç

� Conscious control over autonomic

functions

� Reflexes like vomitting, sneezing,

digestive tract movements, etc

� $ççìkçÀ increase in memory,

concentration/relaxation

� Functional Imbalances (DçMçáçqOo) reduced

(MçáOoçÇ)

GMM Dip 22 98

Pranayama ÒççCçç³ççcç

� Dçvçáuççícç-çÆJçuççícç: balance between both

nostrils

� F[ç-çÆHçbiçuçç balance

� Yç´çcçjçÇ: Vibrations, vçço – Calming of mind ,

soothing to Nervous system –

uç³ç - activity of brain reduced, stopped

GMM Dip 22 99


� Exhalation-passive process done actively

� Control of respiration shifted to higher

centers

� Normal Breathing also connected with

Hypothalamus

GMM Dip 22 100


� Both hemispheres function equally

� Dormant centers in Brain activated

� lçlç: #ççÇ³çlçí ÒçkçÀçMççJçjCçcçd ~ Hçç. ³ççí. mçÓ.

� çÆJçÐçç – DççblççÆjkçÀ %ççvçç®çç Go³ç

GMM Dip 22 101

Shavasan-Yoganidra MçJççmçvç-³ççíiççÆvçêç

� Complete relaxation at muscular level ,

no motor signals from brain

� Sensory inputs absent except hearing

from instructor

� Comple rest to brain centres, relative

rest to ANS

GMM Dip 22 102


� Rotation of consciousness :

A fixed sequence based on

motor centres

think about part but

no movement –

induces complete relaxation,

brain map getting ‘fixed’

GMM Dip 22 103

� Visualization – guided imagery :

establishes pathways in brain,

emotional level, level of sub &

unconscious mind

� Feeling of sensations:

emotional catharsis


GMM Dip 22 104

Dçblçjbiç mççOçvçç � No sensory inputs and no motor activity

� Awareness withdrawn from the body

completely

� Complete rest to brain centres, spatial

awareness withdrawn

� Development of inner awareness,

perception – beyond words

� Particular areas of Brain – Stop activity

GMM Dip 22 105

Stress reduction

� Imbalance of ANS – dominance of

Sympathatic – stress

� All types of Yogasadhana – balancing

effect

� Both Sympathetic, Parasympathetic

systems balanced

� Endorphins, neuropeptides released

because of relaxation & other practices

like Bhaktiyoga, etc GMM Dip 22 106

Effect of Yoga

� Control of automatic functions,

beyond cognition

� Each Chakra – Corresponding center

in the brain – effect on that

� Chakra – like a switch

GMM Dip 22 107

vçço³ççíiç, Yççqkçwlç³ççíiç � Improvement of CSF flow

� Release of serotonin- joyful state

� Brain circuits formed and fixed

because of repeated chanting

GMM Dip 22 108

Over all effect � çÆJç%ççvçcç³ç kçÀçíMç : thinking, discrimination,

çÆJçJçíkçÀ

� cçvççícç³ç kçÀçíMç : involvement of mind in

sadhana

� ÒççCçcç³ç kçÀçíMç : Pranic flow, removal of

blockages

� DçVçcç³ç kçÀçíMç : Function of all systems

GMM Dip 22 109

GMM Dip 22 110

GMM Dip 22 111

GMM Dip 22 112

nervous system dip 22hfs dr ajit oak

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