CASE STUDY 1: Ronak bhanushali - 7

Kai Tak International cruise terminal, Hong Kong , China.

IntroductionThe reason why I have chosen this case study is

1. To understand the relation of the cruise terminal with its surrounding context2. To understand the planning of a terminal.3. To study the articulation of a passenger cruise terminal and a mix of civic facilities for the use of

citizens in one building4. The function offered is very similar to the type of terminal that I am trying to design, hence

design features can be picked from this particular case study.

Background: The new Kai Tak Cruise Terminal is being constructed on the site of Hong Kong’s former

airport, at the tip of the old runway. Establishing Hong Kong as the preeminent regional hub for cruise liners, the terminal

will have capacity to berth two large 360-metre-long vessels, each with more than 4,000 passengers and over 2,000 crew, as well as anticipating the demands of a next generation of larger ships.

The linear arrangement of light-filled passenger areas is characterized by its clarity and ease of use. The terminal has a generous, rectangular footprint and is arranged over three main levels.

Services are integrated with the structure and the different levels are fused with the surrounding pedestrian walkways. The baggage handling area, custom shall, back office functions and the passenger arrival area are placed at ground level, with the passenger drop-off area on the level above.

The second floor incorporates the check-in and waiting areas, as well as a public colonnade, shops and cafes.

A pedestrian route starting from the waterfront promenade progresses up through the building and opens onto a large public roof garden, with open and sheltered spaces for informal picnics and outdoor dining, set against the stunning backdrop of the city.

The site on the south-western tip of the former runway has unobstructed views of the eastern entrance to the harbor, framing both Hong Kong Island and Kowloon.

Architect: Norman foster

Area: 52 000 m²

Design: The design comprises a series of connecting green landscaped decks from the first level to the roof. The 42-metre wide span column-free layout will allow for maximum flexibility in the utilization of space, which can be configured in various layouts. Thus, the operation area can be converted into other uses during non-peak season periods, maximizing the usage of the building.

The design of the Cruise Terminal Building draws on a sustainable construction approach that extends beyond low energy consumption to the building’s overall long-term sustainability performance. Green features in relation to energy conservation, use of renewable energy and recycling are all covered.

LOCATION PLAN:

Location- Located in the heart of Victoria Harbor (at the south-eastern end of the former Kai Tak

Airport runway)

Transportation/ Getting Here:- Minibus: Route service to and from Kowloon Bay MTR station available daily from 7am-

8pm. - Ferry: Kai Tak Terminal is just a short taxi ride away (5 mins) from the Kwun Tong pier. - MTR: Kai Tak Terminal is only a short taxi ride away (5 mins) from the Kowloon Bay MTR

station. - Private Car Parking: 120 hourly parking spaces are available during opening hours. - Shuttle bus: The terminal has 70 coach bays available for use.

SECTIONS:

Roof top of cruise terminal consist of

1. commercial kiosk with green roof2. Entrance plaza3. Pavilion4. Botanical garden5. Viewing promenade6. Great lawn7. Performing plaza8. Global village9. Flagpole platform10. Wedding plaza11. Connection to tourist hub from roof

level

Green Features

Green features in relation to conservation of energy, adoption of renewable energy and recycling includes:

The Cruise Terminal Building utilizes the Kai Tak District Cooling System (DCS) as its main chilled water circulation system. There are DCS sub-stations in the terminal to cater for the air-conditioning required for the terminal operation facilities and commercial area.

The carriageway on the ground and first floors are naturally ventilated, with wind flows assisted by ceiling mounted extraction fans along the boundary.

The main heating plant for the air-conditioning is provided by water-to-water heat pumps in energy efficient manner.

Solar panels installed on the roof provide hot water for use in showers in the building.

The building employs photovoltaic panels to generate zero carbon electricity on site. Rainwater and A/C condensate water recycling assist in reducing the potable water demand for irrigation.At the roof garden area, a portion of external lighting is provided by solar energized lighting system in order to emphasize the application of recycle energy in this building as well.

Building envelope

Green roofs,green walls Natural ventilation for car parks Free cooling Air flushing effect

Building envelope

Skylights, shading devices to reduce solar heat again Wide span structure Atria drawing daylight deep into the plan

Façade that responds to environmental and functional needs

Construction techniques: The 3-storey structure is 850m long with a floor area of 150,000m2, and is designed

using innovative concrete bridge construction methods. The pre stressed structures are designed to meet the aesthetic requirements with

minimal finishes. In-situ and precast concrete is used throughout with a series of long-span box beams that form the structure and the service corridors.

The total dimension on plan is approximately 71m x 850m. The Cruise Terminal Building had adopted a sustainable construction approach by using

large amount of precast element. By using reusable steel mold, it minimizes the usage of construction material such as

traditional timber and plywood formwork system. On the other hand, most of the

precast elements were fabricated on site which aims to reduce the pollution due to long distance delivery.

Green Architectural Design One of the key features for the green design was the landscape area at the roof floor of the building.

In total, 16,744 square meter of green area was provided for the whole building, in which more than 30% of the area was able for tree planting. This dramatic design will definitely drive for the overall long term sustainability performance of the building.

Services:

Apron facilities cover electrical and mechanical services to the apron area, including passenger gangways, electricity supply systems, on-shore water supply and sewage reception facilities, external lighting, firefighting provisions, etc.

ANALYSIS:

1. The Cruise Terminal Building is an iconic, highly functional and efficient terminal. 2. The 42-metre wide span column-free layout of the terminal building allow for maximum

flexibility in the utilization of space, which can be configured in various layouts during non-peak season, maximizing the usage of the building.

3. Services are integrated with the structure and the different levels are fused with the surrounding pedestrian walkways.

4. A pedestrian route starting from the waterfront promenade progresses up through the building and opens onto a large public roof garden, with open and sheltered spaces for informal picnics and outdoor dining.

5. They have used reusable steel mold which minimizes the usage of construction material such as traditional timber and plywood formwork system. Also most of the precast

elements were fabricated on site which aims to reduce the pollution due to long distance delivery.

6. Green roofs , green walls ,Natural ventilation for car parks, Air flushing effect , Skylights, shading devices to reduce solar heat ,Wide span structure, Atria drawing daylight deep into the plan , Facade that responds to environmental and functional needs

7. Design of the Cruise Terminal Building adopts a sustainable construction approach incorporating a large number of precast components and post-tensioning structures that extend beyond low energy consumption to the overall long term sustainability performance of the building.

CONCLUSION:1. Sustainable construction techniques.2. Column free layout allowing maximum flexibility in utilization of space in interiors.3. Green features in relation to conservation of energy, adoption of renewable energy and

recycling is used in the building.4. Natural ventilation for car parks.5. Large public roof garden, with open and sheltered spaces for informal picnics and

outdoor dining.