pengajian perniagaan (bab 2)

Upload: angel-ann

Post on 11-Feb-2018

338 views

Category:

Documents


5 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    1/41

    mqnzl%{rnthlecnD`flco%kmf

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    2/41

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    3/41

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    4/41

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    5/41

    Tnfl{lzle

    Inple`le

    Tnzlil~eleIng~z~rnzlle

    [~fjnz

    Fle~{cl

    Tne`no~lzle

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    6/41

    (l#Inple`le

    & Fnfjniloile fmblo ! jnoleglple ~ri fnfjnoc cet~r

    tne`no~lzle ! fnele``~e` im{ tne`no~lzle

    (j# Tnzlil~ele

    & Fne`neblocile ~z~{ ecl`l inple`le z~rce {tr tne`no~lzle ceqmc{

    tnole``le ! jlslzle itb tnfjnilo

    (k# [~fjnz Fle~{cl

    & Fnzniz~r ! fnolrch tninzgl s` bctnzo~ile ~ri tzm{n{ tne`no~lzle

    (b# Tnfl{lzle

    & Fnegloleile tzmfm{c ! fnfl{lzile tzmb~i

    & Fnenzcfl tn{lele jnzbl{lzile iltl{crc tne`no~lzle

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    7/41

    Cet~r

    Tzm{n{Rzle{amzfl{c

    M~rt~r

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    8/41

    Tnzlekle`le

    Tne`no~lzle

    Znil Jner~iTne`no~lzle

    Gnec{&gnec{

    Tne`no~lzle

    [~{~e Lr~z

    Tzm{n{

    Tne`no~zle

    Omil{c Icole`

    [cftocacklrcme

    [rleblzbcwlrcmeFmb~olz

    Rnftlhle

    Fl{{l Inomftmi

    :%: Tnzlekle`le Tne`no~lzle

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    9/41

    :%:%< Znil jner~i tne`no~lzle

    & Tzm{n{ s` fne`~zle`ileintnojl`lcle bof tne`no~lzle

    tzmb~i

    & Rnieci bc flel {sirfnfjner~i {lr~ {rleblzb {trbcfne{c tzmb~i/ {lcw ! i~locrc

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    10/41

    & Rnieci s` fnenileileintnojl`lcle ! {sir fnenileiletne`no~lzle tzmb~i onle

    (kmebme`#& Fnfnerce`ile l{tni inoner~zle

    ! i~locrc bof tzm{n{ tne`no~lzle

    & Rnzr~ft~ itb fnznil jner~i{nzrl fnftnzineloile tzmb~i

    jlhlz~

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    11/41

    & I~lercrc lblolh inkco/ tzmb~i fne`lfjco fl{l s` onjch olfl& Fnfnzo~ile fmblo s` jn{lz ize fnocjlrile tne``~elle

    rnel`l tlilz bof {n{~lr~ jcble` ! rniemom`c s` kle``ch

    & Kmermh 7 Tzmgni tnfjcelle iltlo/ tnolj~hle ! oltle`le

    rnzjle`

    & Tnzfcerlle s` {rljco {nklzl jn{lz&jn{lzle fne`ci~r inhnebli

    tl{lzle

    & Im{ lblolh zneblh ize tne`no~lzle lblolh jlesli& Kmermh 7 Flilele ! tzmb~i tne``~el

    & [~fjnz - cet~r tne`no~lzle lile bcime`{c `~el jnz{lfl

    & Kmermh 7 Zmrc/ knrli j~i~ ! ini%

    Gnec{&gnec{ Tne`no~lzle

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    12/41

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    13/41

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    14/41

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    15/41

    &Tne`no~lzle tzmb~i s` jnz{lcwjn{lz/ jnzlr ! f~blh tnklh(@lt~h# %

    &Kmermh 7 Tnfjcelle nftle`le/

    tnfjcelle glfjlrle/oltle`le rnzjle`/ !

    z~flh%

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    16/41

    & Fne`~ft~oile {nf~l tzn{rl{c s`bctnzo~ile jl`c {lr~ {nr tzmb~i%

    & Fn{ce ! tnzlolrle rnel`l inzgl ! jlhlefnerlh bc{~{~e fne`ci~r a~e`{c inzgl%

    &[~{~e lr~z cec jmonh bcbltlrc bc{nimolh/hm{tcrlo/ tl{lz zlsl/ jlei/ !jne`ino inznrl%

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    17/41

    & Omil{c s` tloce` {rzlrn`ci jl`c

    inf~blhle tne`no~lzle& Tnerce` l`lz btr fnfcecf~file im{tne`no~lzle ! fnf~blhile

    tne`~z~{le om`c{rci%&Alirmz7

    (l# Tnelplzle rnel`l j~z~h

    & j~z~h s` flhcz ! jnzi~locrc(j# Im{ tne`le`i~rle

    & omil{c s` {rzlrn`ci btr

    fne`~zle`ile im{ om`c{rci

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    18/41

    (k# Jlhle fnerlh& f~zlh ! jnzi~locrc

    (b# Alirmz Tnz{nicrlzle& fnfl{rcile x jnzoli~tneknflzle ! fne`~rlflile

    in{nolflrle(n# Inf~blhle ceazl{rz~ir~z

    & inf~blhle l{l{ hlz~{bc{nbclile

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    19/41

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    20/41

    ZRc b i

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    21/41

    Fnfjner~i !fne`cftonfnerl{cmtnzl{c {nzrlfnfjnzc r~eg~ilglz itb tninzgl%

    Bcj~lr b`efne``~elilel~bcr blolfle !fne`lfjcoole`ilh&ole`ilh

    tnekn`lhle%

    Fne`nelo tl{rcmjg% ! fnflhlfctnz{nicrlzle%

    Inf~bclefnfjner~i tnole! lircqcrc%

    Tchli tne`~z~{lefnesnfli {nf~ol

    znqcnp mtnzl{c

    ! fnoli~ile{njlzle`tnfjnr~ole s`bctnzo~ile% Lkr Tole

    BmKhnkiFnoli{lel

    Zlekle`Rceblile

    Fnecolc

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    22/41

    :%;%: IlnblhTnfnzci{lle(l#Tnfnzci{lle Fnesno~z~h

    & R~g~le7 Fne`n{lecrnf s` zm{li-klklr b`e {n`nzl

    & Tne`lfjcole {lftnom~rt~r ~ri bcilgc !bctnzci{l {lr~ bnfc {lr~%

    & Hlesl {n{~lc ~ri

    tne`no~lzle i~lercrc s`inkco ize fne`lfjco fl{ls` olfl ! im{tnfnzci{lle lflr rce``c-

    (j# Tnole Tnz{lftnole& Tnfnzci{lle {lftnoinkco bc`~elile ~rifnfj~lr in{cft~ole~f~f rnerle` omr Crnf s`bcino~lz%

    & Inonjchle 7 Gcflr fl{ltnfnzci{lle%

    & Inonflhle 7 Tnzo~

    fne`hlbltczc{cim%

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    23/41

    :%;%; Lolr Ilplole I~locrc

    (l#Ilplole Tzm{n{ [nklzl [rlrc{rci([rlrc{klo Tzmkn{{

    Kmerzmo#&Rnieci fne`lplo tzm{n{ tne`no~lzle&Fne`~z~{ i~locrc b`e fnflerl~ tzm{n{ tne`no~lzle

    (j# Leloc{c{ Ecolc Rlfjlh

    &R~ft~le tb r~z~rle lircqcrc rzle{amzfl{c

    &Lircqcrc rzle{amzfl{c s` rcbli fnfjnzc ecolc rlfjlh s`f~el{ljlh tlr~r bc{ce`iczile - bcznil jnerc~i {nf~ol%

    (k# Klzrl Ilplole& Bc`~elile ~ri fnecolc {nklzl {rlrc{rci& Fnz~tlile ilnblh `zlaci ~ri fnecolc {n{~lr~ tzm{n{tne`no~lzle jnzlbl bc jlplh ilplole {nklzl {rlrc{rci- rcbli%

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    24/41

    (b# Ilgcle Im{&I~locrc& im{ licjlr tzmb~i s` zneblh fnesnjljile :. hce``l ;4.

    inz~`cle blolf g~lole%

    &2 ilrn`mzc im{ 7 & Im{ tnekn`lhle

    & Im{ tnecolcle& Im{ in`l`lole blolfle& Im{ in`l`lole o~lzle

    (a# TneleblLzl{

    (n# Tl{~ile Tnelfjlhjlcile i~locrc& Bcle``mrlc monh lhoc bztb gljlrle - a~e`{c tnzecl`lle s`

    jnzolcele& Fnflhlfc tzm{n{ inzgl s` bcr~ft~

    & Rcrci z~g~ile - {rleblzb ~ri fne`~i~z tzn{rl{c& Fnfjlebce`ile tzn{rl{c {n{nj~lh mz`lec{l{c b`e

    tzn{rl{c mz`lec{l{c tn{lce`

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    25/41

    Ilplole Cet~r Ilplole Tzm{n{ Ilplole M~rt~r

    &Tnzo~ fnekltlc{rleblzb i~locrc

    rnzrner~ {njno~f

    fnolo~c tzm{n{

    rzle{amzfl{c

    & Krh 7 Ilce/

    jnele`/ i~ocr

    &I~locrc m~rt~r s`{ntlzl {clt tnzo~

    bcecolc ~ri

    fnener~ile {lfl

    lbl tzm{n{rzle{amzfl{c

    jnzmtnzl{c {tr s`

    bchlzltile

    & Krh 7 Gcil flh~

    `~el i~ocrilfjce`/

    tl{rcile cl

    lblolh i~ocr

    ilfjce`%

    & Tzmb~i lihcztnzo~ bcilgc ~ri

    fnener~ile

    {lfl lbl tzmb~i

    rnz{nj~r

    jnz~tlsl

    fnfne~hc

    gle`ille

    tnole``le%

    :%;%2 Tnebnilrle Ilplole I~locrc

    : I o C c

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    26/41

    :%2 Ilplole Ceqnermzc

    & Fnz~g~i itb {~fjnz jlhle/ - jlzle` s`bc{cftle moh mz`lec{l{c ~ri in`~elle {nfl{l -

    fl{l bntle

    Fnener~ile ceqnermzc jnzlbl tb lzl{ s`

    fnek~i~tc

    Fne`noliile tnescftlele {rmi s` jnzonjchle

    Fnfcecf~file im{ tnescftlele ceqnermzc

    Fnfne~hc intnzo~le tl{lzle {nklzl jnzrnz~{le

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    27/41

    (k# Tne`~z~{le Ceqnermzc

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    28/41

    Jlhle Fnerlh& jner~i {nf~ol glbc s` jmonh bctnzmonhcblzc tnzf~ille j~fc ! bof tnz~r j~fc

    Inzgl Blolf Tzm{n{

    & Jlzle` s` fl{ch bof tne`no~lzle s`flel lihczesl lile bcg~lo

    Tzmb~i [clt

    & M~rt~r s` {clt ! jmonh bc`~elile rnz~{monh tne``~el

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    29/41

    (l#Lolr Ilplole I~locrcIlnblh I~lercrc Tn{lele (NM\#& fnener~ile i~lercrc tn{lele mtrcf~fs` btr fnfcecf~file im{ tn`le`le !

    im{ tn{lele ceqnermzc%&Leblcle&leblcle 7

    (l# Ilblz tnzfcerlle bcinrlh~c !jnz{calr ime{c{rne

    (j# Rclbl ini~zle`le jnzoli~(k# Rclbl hlb in lrl{ {lcw omr crnf

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    30/41

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    31/41

    T~zlrl Ceqnermzc Icrlzle 6 \-: / \6bctn{le

    Im{ Tn`le`le 6 \-: x h

    Im{ Tn{lele 6 B-\ x [

    G~folh Im{ 6 I% Tn`le`le ) I% Tn{lele

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    32/41

    Ilnblh Rntlr Tlbl Fl{l (GCR#& Bcineloc {j` {c{rnf ceqnermzc{calz

    Mjg 7 (c# Fnfcecf~file ceqnermzc(cc# Fne`noliile tnfjlwczle(ccc# Fnegcflr fl{l ! im{

    Kczc&kczc 7 Tnegl`lle fn{ce !

    tnzlolrle fn{rcolh jlci%

    : > C{ c{ Tne` z {le Tne`no lzle

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    33/41

    :%> C{~& c{~ Tne`~z~{le Tne`no~lzleFmbne

    :%>%< [rleblzb Tne`no~lzle(l# Fli{~b [rleblzb Tne`no~lzle

    &Izcrnzcl - ~i~zle tzn{rl{c s` tnzo~

    bckltlc moh jlhl`cle tne`no~lzle%(j# Fli{~b C[M 3444

    & < {rleblzb ~f~f s` jmonh

    bc`~elile moh {nf~l gnec{mz`lec{l{c%

    (k# Gnec{ gnec{ [rleblzb C[M

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    34/41

    (b# R~g~le C[M 3444& Fne`~zle`ile in{coltle {n{~lr~ tzm{nb~z%& Fnfjmonhile {nf~l {rla fnegloleile r~`l{ b`e

    jlci ! jnzin{le%

    (k# Gnec{&gnec{ [rleblzb C[M& C[M 3444 7 Fne`nelo tl{rc tzm{n{ ~rlfl jl`c

    tnoli{lelle C[M 3444%& C[M 344< 7 Fnesnbclile intnzo~le&intnzo~le fcecf~f%

    & C[M 344: 7 Onjch ih~{~{ tb tne`hl{cole znil jner~i& C[M 344; 7 L{tni tnekn`lhle bztb tnf~ochle !

    {imtesl& C[M 3442 7 @lzc{ tleb~le jl`c tzm{n{ tnelfjlhjlciile

    jnzrnz~{le%

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    35/41

    (l#Bnacec{c 7 [lr~ tzm{n{ rzle{amzfl{cj~blsl bc flel kczc&kczcj~blsl s` {nbcl lbl lile

    bc~jlh {~lc {nzrlbctnzi~i~hile b`e kczc&kczcj~blsl jlhlz~ s` onjch jlci%

    (j# Mjg% 7 (l# Fne`hl{coile m~rt~rrletl klklr%

    (j# Fneglfce int~l{le

    tnole``le%

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    36/41

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    37/41

    (l#Fnznilsl{l

    & Bnacec{c 7 Ilgcle {nf~ol ! fnznil jner~i {nf~ol{nklzl fnesno~z~h tzm{n{&tzm{n{inzgl s` izcrcilo%

    & Mjg% 7 (l# Fnece`ilrile blsl {lce` ! tzn{rl{c

    tnzecl`lle%(j# Fne`~zle`ile lircqcrc - tzm{n{

    inzgl s` x fneblrle`ile hl{co%& Injlcile 7 (l# Tne`~zle`le im{- tnzjnoleglle

    tnzecl`lle(j# Fnece`ilrile tzn{rl{c inzgl(k# Tzm{n{ inzgl fneglbc onjch knilt%

    (j# Znil jner~i Jler~le Imft~rnz (KLB# -

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    38/41

    (j# Znil jner~i Jler~le Imft~rnz (KLB# -Tnfj~lrle Jler~le Imft~rnz(KLF#

    &Bnacec{c 7 Tne``~elle `zlaci imft~rnz ~ri fnznil

    jner~i tzmb~i%&Mjg% 7 (l# Fnf~blhile inzgl bof tzm{n{tne`no~lzle%

    (j# Fnegcflrile ! fnf~blhile fl{l

    tne`no~lzle tzmb~i%&Injlcile 7 (l# Fnfnebniile fl{l ~ri fnznil

    jner~i tzmb~i s` jlhlz~%(j# Fnfjlcic rniemom`c tne`no~lzle !

    fnece`ilrile tzmb~ircqcrc%(k# Fneglfce i~locrc tzmb~i !

    fnece`ilrile in~er~e`letnzecl`lle%

    (k#Tnfj~lrle Jnzjler~ Imft~rnz

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    39/41

    (k#Tnfj~lrle Jnzjler~ Imft~rnzJnz{ntlb~(KCF#

    &Bnacec{c 7 [lr~ {c{rnf s` fne``lj~e`ile !

    fne`cern`zl{cile rniemom`cimft~rnz {tr {c{rnf KLB/ KLF/AF[/ ! zmjmrci bof tzm{n{

    tnfjnr~ole%&Injlcile 7 (l# Fnfjmonhile tne`no~lzle s`

    tlerl{%

    (j# Fnece`ilrile inkniltle/tzmb~ircqcrc / i~locrc !ino~pn{le%

    (k# Fne`~zle`ile im{ j~z~h

    rcbli ole {~e %

    (b# [c{rnf Tnfj~lrle O~pn{

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    40/41

    (b# [c{rnf Tnfj~lrle O~pn{&Bnacec{c 7 [lr~ {c{rnf l~rmemfc b`e jnjnzltl

    imft~rnz s` fne`lplo fn{ce&

    fn{ce tne`no~lzle {nklzll~rmflrci%

    &Injlcile 7 (l# M~rt~r b`e i~locrc s` onjch

    ime{c{rne btr bchl{coile%(j# Btr fnece`ilrile

    tne``~elle fn{ce&fn{ce%

    &Inonflhle 7 (l# Tnzlolrle ! fn{ce&fn{ce s`bctnzo~ile lflr flhlo%(j# Rniemom`c s` jlz~ lile

    rnzbltlr jlesli fl{lolh

    lplo%

  • 7/23/2019 Pengajian Perniagaan (Bab 2)

    41/41