poster plea rynning

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Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Urban Mobility: Changing Travel Behaviour Through an Informed Design Process Context: Exploring the rela=onship between travel behaviour and neighbourhood design Design workshops to observe prac==oners in ac=on A hypothe=cal design project Mobility within the design process Mobility objec=ves and solu=ons Using the prac;ces and insights of urban design professionals to expand on the exis;ng research, we explore the reciprocal rela;onship between the built environment and travel behaviour at the neighbourhood level. However, there is an important gap between research and prac;ce. CapaCity, a French research project, inves;gated the knowledge of urban professionals and the use of scien;fic research in their design prac;ces through a series of workshops. CapaCity’s aim is to strengthen knowledge-transfer between research and prac;ce. These workshops also generated insights into: i) How urban professionals consider and solve mobility within a design process ii) How the scien=fic evidence relates to their knowledge and prac=ces How can the design of a neighbourhood encourage modes of sustainable mobility? ? Open the site to its surrounding context, and invite non-inhabitants to cross the site to get to transit stops § Establish visual and physical connec;ons § Create a proper and invi;ng urban façade § Improve the public image of the neighbourhood Priori=ze pedestrians and cyclists Reduce distances § An intricate network allowing different routes § Publicly accessible paths between buildings § Avoid big, closed-off building lots § Avoid con;nuous building facades for easy site access Enhance the feeling of safety § Create invi;ng streets and public places § Place community gardens and dwellings along streets with car-traffic in order to calm speed § Collec;ve parking at the site’s entrances to reduce internal driving According to the literature, internal and external constraints are elements that structure a design process and provide a design framework. In addi;on, the designer’s skills – their savoir-faire – play an important role in the direc;on a project takes, and the final decisions they make. Internal Constraints § Imposed, primarily from the client’s demands and objec;ves. § I.e. restricted number of parking places (0,5 per dwelling for 400 dwellings) External Constraints § The project’s context (physical, social, cultural, etc.) § Established through specific design choices § I.e. prioriAzing pedestrians, reducing car use (established by the designers) The Designers’ Savoir-Faire § The sum of previous experiences, acquired knowledge, values, beliefs, and design principles § The designers’ primary source of knowledge and poten;al solu;ons, their ”intellectual luggage” (Lawson, 2006) § I.e. encouraging people to cross the site in order to increase metro use by enhancing the percieved safety; enhancing internal circulaAon to strengthen social cohesion Conclusion: Urban design professionals hold valuable insight and knowledge to be further explored § Further exploring designers’ savoir-faire might enhance our understanding of people’s mobility behaviour at the neighbourhood level, thus strengthening the effect of measures and solu;ons. Surveys and interviews are on-going. § The findings underline the importance of a dialogue between prac;ce and research in order to facilitate a two-way knowledge transfer. BeYer insights into design prac;ces will also be a step towards this. § The designers recognized interdependencies between elements, and constantly considered how mobility solu;ons might affect the overall project. § Several design solu;ons corresponded to the literature, but were rarely iden;fied as such. § Mobility was seen as an independent objec;ve and as a means to enhance liveability in a holis;c approach to the design problem. Mobility was both an internal and an external constraint Mobility provided ini=al structure to the site and guided the process. § The designers seemingly knew how to use both physical and qualita;ve measures to encourage par;cular modes of mobility (i.e. walking) § They u;lized their exis;ng knowledge and land use strategies to affect mobility on a neighbourhood scale. § This indicates that the reciprocal rela;onship between land use and travel behaviour at the neighbourhood level can be a strategy for changing mobility behaviours References MAJA KAROLINE RYNNING 1. DARKE, J., (1979). The primary generator and the design process. Design Studies, 1: p. 36-44. 2. LAWSON, B. (2006). How designers think: the design process de@mysAfied, 4 th ed., Architectural Press, Amsterdam. 3. KIRKEBY, I. M., (2012). Om at skape arkitekfaglig viten. Nordic Journal of Architecture Research, 24: p. 70-90. 4. ELIASSON, I., (2000). The use of climate knowledge in urban planning. Landscape and Urban Planning, 48: p. 31-44. Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France Two cohorts of Architects, Urban Designers and Planners, all without explicit mobility exper;se, par;cipated in workshops focusing on climate adapta;on. Observa=on of methods, approaches, use of knowledge Addi=onal analysis focusing on mobility and design prac=ces Qualita=ve analysis of recordings and findings On-going urban renewal in Toulouse provided a case study that allowed CapaCity to observe design prac;ces and the applica;on of scien;fic knowledge in a design process. Two half-days, 18 par=cipants

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Page 1: Poster PLEA Rynning

ReducingGreenhouseGasEmissionsfromUrbanMobility:ChangingTravelBehaviour

ThroughanInformedDesignProcessContext:Exploringtherela=onshipbetweentravelbehaviourandneighbourhooddesign

Designworkshopstoobserveprac==onersinac=on

Ahypothe=caldesignproject

MobilitywithinthedesignprocessMobilityobjec=vesandsolu=ons

Usingtheprac;cesandinsightsofurbandesignprofessionalstoexpandontheexis;ngresearch,weexplorethereciprocalrela;onshipbetweenthebuiltenvironmentandtravelbehaviourattheneighbourhoodlevel.However,thereisanimportantgapbetweenresearchandprac;ce.

CapaCity, a French research project, inves;gated theknowledge of urban professionals and the use of scien;ficresearch in their design prac;ces through a series ofworkshops.CapaCity’saimistostrengthenknowledge-transferbetween research and prac;ce. These workshops alsogeneratedinsightsinto:i)  How urban professionals consider and solve mobility

withinadesignprocessii)  Howthescien=ficevidencerelatestotheirknowledgeand

prac=ces

Howcanthedesignofaneighbourhoodencouragemodesofsustainablemobility?

?

Openthesitetoitssurroundingcontext,andinvitenon-inhabitantstocrossthesitetogettotransitstops§  Establishvisualandphysicalconnec;ons§  Createaproperandinvi;ngurbanfaçade§  Improvethepublicimageoftheneighbourhood

Priori=zepedestriansandcyclistsReducedistances§  Anintricatenetworkallowingdifferentroutes§  Publiclyaccessiblepathsbetweenbuildings§  Avoidbig,closed-offbuildinglots§  Avoidcon;nuousbuildingfacadesforeasysiteaccess

Enhancethefeelingofsafety§  Createinvi;ngstreetsandpublicplaces§  Placecommunitygardensanddwellingsalongstreetswith

car-trafficinordertocalmspeed§  Collec;veparkingatthesite’sentrancestoreduce

internaldriving

Accordingtotheliterature,internalandexternalconstraintsareelementsthatstructureadesignprocessandprovideadesignframework.Inaddi;on,thedesigner’sskills–theirsavoir-faire–playanimportantroleinthedirec;onaprojecttakes,andthefinaldecisionstheymake.

InternalConstraints§  Imposed,primarilyfromtheclient’sdemands

andobjec;ves.§  I.e.restrictednumberofparkingplaces

(0,5perdwellingfor400dwellings)

ExternalConstraints§  Theproject’scontext(physical,social,cultural,etc.)§  Establishedthroughspecificdesignchoices§  I.e.prioriAzingpedestrians,reducingcaruse

(establishedbythedesigners)

TheDesigners’Savoir-Faire§  Thesumofpreviousexperiences,acquiredknowledge,values,beliefs,anddesignprinciples§  Thedesigners’primarysourceofknowledgeandpoten;alsolu;ons,their”intellectualluggage”

(Lawson,2006)§  I.e.encouragingpeopletocrossthesiteinordertoincreasemetrousebyenhancingthepercievedsafety;

enhancinginternalcirculaAontostrengthensocialcohesion

Conclusion:Urbandesignprofessionalsholdvaluableinsightandknowledgetobefurtherexplored

§  Furtherexploringdesigners’savoir-fairemightenhanceourunderstandingofpeople’smobilitybehaviourattheneighbourhoodlevel,thusstrengtheningtheeffectofmeasuresandsolu;ons.Surveysandinterviewsareon-going.

§  Thefindings underline the importanceof a dialoguebetweenprac;ce and

researchinordertofacilitateatwo-wayknowledgetransfer.BeYerinsightsintodesignprac;ceswillalsobeasteptowardsthis.

§  The designers recognized interdependencies between elements,andconstantlyconsideredhowmobilitysolu;onsmightaffecttheoverallproject.

§  Several design solu;ons corresponded to the literature, butwererarelyiden;fiedassuch.

§  Mobilitywasseenasanindependentobjec;veandasameanstoenhanceliveabilityinaholis;capproachtothedesignproblem.

Mobilitywasbothaninternalandanexternalconstraint

Mobilityprovidedini=alstructuretothesiteandguidedtheprocess.

§  The designers seemingly knew how to use both physical and qualita;vemeasurestoencouragepar;cularmodesofmobility(i.e.walking)

§  They u;lized their exis;ng knowledge and land use strategies to affectmobilityonaneighbourhoodscale.

§  Thisindicatesthatthereciprocalrela;onshipbetweenlanduseandtravelbehaviour at the neighbourhood level can be a strategy for changingmobilitybehaviours

ReferencesMAJAKAROLINERYNNING1.  DARKE,J.,(1979).Theprimarygeneratorandthedesignprocess.DesignStudies,1:p.36-44.

2.  LAWSON,B.(2006).Howdesignersthink:thedesignprocessde@mysAfied,4thed.,ArchitecturalPress,Amsterdam.3.  KIRKEBY,I.M.,(2012).Omatskapearkitekfagligviten.NordicJournalofArchitectureResearch,24:p.70-90.4.  ELIASSON,I.,(2000).Theuseofclimateknowledgeinurbanplanning.LandscapeandUrbanPlanning,48:p.31-44.

UniversitédeToulouse,Toulouse,France

Two cohorts of Architects, Urban Designers and Planners, all without explicitmobilityexper;se,par;cipatedinworkshopsfocusingonclimateadapta;on.

Observa=onofmethods,approaches,useofknowledge

Addi=onalanalysisfocusingonmobilityanddesignprac=ces

Qualita=veanalysisofrecordingsandfindings

On-going urban renewal in Toulouse provided a case study that allowed CapaCity toobservedesignprac;cesandtheapplica;onofscien;ficknowledgeinadesignprocess.

Twohalf-days,18par=cipants