rupal gupta dissertation

8/2/2019 Rupal Gupta Dissertation

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JL_ZOZ LKB JCKZO\_OKJOZ CA RDO LM^L^GLK J^GZGZ GK GKBGL8

L JLZO ZR_BW CA DL^WLKL

L bgzzo~rlrgck zunegrrob gk pl~rglf aufagfeokr ca rdo ~o|ug~oeokrz ac~ rdo Pczr%M~lbulro

Bgpfcel lr rdo Lzglk Jcffomo ca Hcu~klfgze

>0


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>

Rlnfo ca Jckrokrz

Jdlpro~ Plmo Kc+

+ Gkr~cbujrgck 2

Nljim~cukb lkb Jckrotr 2

Cqo~qgo} ca rdo Bgzzo~rlrgck 1

:+ Rdo J~gzgz 4

2+ L Jlzo Zrubw ca Lm~gjufru~o gk Dl~wlkl ?

1+ Ngnfgcm~lpdw >=


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:

LJIKC]FOBMOEOKRZ

G }cufb fgio rc rdlki P~ca+ Q+ I+ ^lmduklrdlk ukbo~ }dczo lpp~cqlf lkb mugblkjo rdgz

bgzzo~rlrgck rcci zdlpo+ Lfzc& P~ca+ Klml~lh }dczo gkzgmdrz lkb zummozrgckz dofpob eo mlgk

geeokzo ikc}fobmo+


4/28

2

GKR^CB_JRGCK

Nljim~cukb lkb Jckrotr

Rdo pcpufl~ ukbo~zrlkbgkm ca rdo ro~e Lm~l~glk J~gzgz gkql~glnfw jckhu~oz gelmoz ca Gkbglk

al~eo~z jceegrrgkm zugjgboz& gk cu~ egkbz+ Dc}oqo~& rdo j~gzgz gz kcr fgegrob rc zugjgboz

lfcko+ Gr dlz gepfgjlrgckz lncur accb zoju~grw ca rdo jcukr~w ac~ moko~lrgckz rc jceo+ Rdo

j~gzgz rdlr }lz nl~ofw ~ojcmkgxob nw rdo mcqo~keokr gk rdo 70z m~o} rc jcfczzlf p~cpc~rgckz

}grdgk l bojlbo+ Rdo zrlroz dgr dl~bozr nw rdo j~gzgz l~o% Eldl~lzdr~l& Il~klrlil& Lkbd~l

P~lbozd& Jddlrrgzml~d lkb Elbdwl P~lbozd+

P+ Zlgklrdz >00< ~opc~r ca zugjgbo agmu~oz punfgzdob gk rdo Dgkbu $Kcqoeno~ >00=' gkbgjlroz

rdlr rdo jcukr~w ~ojc~bob kol~fw =4&=00 al~e zugjgboz a~ce rdo wol~ 0000> rc >00? rdo kueno~ }lz =0&?0=+ Rdlr gz l ~gzo ca kol~fw 00< }grd rdo lm~l~glk

j~gzgz ngrgkm boopo~+

Gkgrglffw rdo mcqo~keokr ~oauzob rc ~ojcmkgxo l zor plrro~k gk rdozo zugjgboz lkb ro~eob gr lk

gelmgklrgck ca hcu~klfgzrz lkb ljrgqgzrz+ ]dgfo ag~zr jlzoz ca zugjgbo }o~o ~opc~rob a~ce rdo

Qgbl~ndl ~omgck ca Eldl~lzdr~l& rdo j~gzgz elkgaozrz grzofa bgaao~okrfw gk lff zrlroz+ Rdo

~olzckz ac~ rdozo bolrdz l~o l jcepfot egt ca zcjglf& jufru~lf& ojckcegj lkb pcfgrgjlf

aljrc~z+

L kueno~ ca zrubgoz ~oqolf gkbonrobkozz lz rdo elhc~ jluzo ca zugjgbo gk Gkbgl+ Rdo cpokgkm

ca Gkbglk ojckcew rc }c~fb el~iorz lkb gkj~olzob ~cfo ca eufrgklrgcklf lm~gnuzgkozz mglkrz

gk p~cbujrgck ca lm~gjufru~lf gkpurz dlqo ~lgzob jczrz lkb ~obujob p~cagrz+ Rdgz dlz j~olrob

m~olr agklkjglf lkb oecrgcklf bgzr~ozz leckm rdo al~egkm jceeukgrw+


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?

Rdo ~ozufrz ca rdo M~ook ^oqcfurgck ca rdo =0z }o~o zrlmklrob nw rdo 70z lkb rdo~o }lz l

qgzgnfo zr~ozz gk rdo lm~l~glk zojrc~+ Rdo gkrokzgqo uzo ca rojdkcfcmw rdlr }lz lbqcjlrob nw

rdo ~oqcfurgck dlb zrl~rob zdc}gkm zgmkz ca boro~gc~lrgck+

Rdok rdo ]c~fb Nlki lkb rdo Gkro~klrgcklf Eckorl~w Aukb okjcu~lmob Gkbgl rc lbcpr ko}

ojckcegj pcfgjgoz nlzob ck r~lbo fgno~lfgxlrgck& zr~ujru~lf lbhuzreokr& lkb p~gqlrgxlrgck+

Rdozo pcfgjgoz lgeob lr p~cecrgkm ~lpgb ojckcegj boqofcpeokr+

Lz l ~ozufr& Gkbglk al~eo~z }o~o rd~uzr gkrc gkro~klrgcklf jceporgrgck& eligkm rdoe otr~oeofw

qufko~lnfo rc p~gjo qcflrgfgrw+ Ko} ojckcegj pcfgjgoz boqlfuob Gkbglk ~upoo lkb gkj~olzob

rdo boelkb ac~ Gkbglk j~cpz+ Rc jlpgrlfgxo ck rdgz zcu~jo ca ~oqokuo& rdo Gkbglk mcqo~keokr

u~mob al~eo~z rc z}grjd rc jlzd j~cp jufrgqlrgck& lkb Gkbgl boqofcpob lk otpc~r c~gokrob

lm~gjufru~lf zojrc~+ Jlzd j~cpz fgio jcrrck& rol& jcaaoo lkb qlkgffl folb rc zdc~r ro~e ~oqokuo

mlgk nur }o~o ufrgelrofw zunhojr rc dgmd foqofz ca p~gjo qcflrgfgrw+ Gkbglz zubbok z}grjd rc jlzd

j~cp jufrgqlrgck ~ozufrob gk lk cqo~zlru~lrgck ca rdo mfcnlf el~ior }grd otpc~rz ca rdozo

jceecbgrgoz& lkb gk ru~k& l bop~ozzgck ca p~gjoz ac~ rdo al~eo~z+

Rc |ucro lk otlepfo ca jcrrck& grz Egkgeue Zuppc~r P~gjo }lz rcc fc} lz jcepl~ob rc rdo

~gzgkm jczr ca gkpurz+ Gk c~bo~ rc jceporo ck rdo mfcnlf el~ior Gkbglk jcrrck al~eo~z

bozpo~lrofw ru~kob rc dgmd p~gjob gkpurz& }dgjd gkjc~pc~lrob otpokzgqo ngcrojdkcfcmw& nur

p~cegzob dgmdo~ wgofbz lkb m~olro~ ~ozgzrlkjo lmlgkzr pozrz+ Rdozo gkpurz eolkr uzgkm fl~mo

lecukrz ca ao~rgfgxo~z& pozrgjgboz lkb zuaagjgokr }lro~+ Rdo~oac~o& rdow pfljob r~oeokbcuz

p~ozzu~o ck flkb ~ozufrgkm gk bom~lblrgck+ Rdozo gkpurz b~cqo al~eo~z gkrc au~rdo~ bonr lz

rdow algfob rc p~cbujo okcumd j~cpz rc elio up ac~ ~gzgkm gkpur jczrz+ Rdo gkpurz zcfb nw

ac~ogmk eufrgklrgcklf jc~pc~lrgckz& nojleo lqlgflnfo ckfw laro~ Gkbglk el~iorz }o~o cpokob

ukbo~ ojckcegj ~oac~ez+

Al~eo~z ru~kob rc eckowfokbo~z ac~ j~obgr rc pu~jdlzo otpokzgqo gkpurz+ Dc}oqo~& kc c~

uknlflkjob ~oru~kz ~ozufrob gk boalufrz+ Rdo uzu~gcuz eckowfokbo~z c~ rdo fclkzdl~iz lz

rdow l~o jlffob kc} nw rdo eobgl& uzob jco~jgqo eolkz rc cnrlgk rdog~ eckow+ Lff rdozo

aljrc~z jfunnob rcmordo~ bgzr~ozzob rdo al~eo~z lkb b~cqo rdoe rc zugjgbo+


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1

Rdo M~ook ôqcfurgck }lz zceordgkm rdlr Gkbgl ~o|ug~ob bozpo~lrofw lr cko zrlmo& nojluzo

ca grz dgmd accb gepc~rz lkb alegko+ Rdo rojdkcfcmw ~ozjuob rdo jcukr~w a~ce rdczo& nur rdo

wgofbz nomlk rc pflrolu }grdgk l bojlbo& lkb lfzc rdo komlrgqo gepljrz ca rdo M~ook

ôqcfurgck nomlk rc no zook+ Rdo blelmo bcko nw rcc eujd ao~rgfgxo~& pozrgjgboz& rdo

puepgkm%cur ca }lro~ nojleo qgzgnfo+ Rdo zjgokrgagj jceeukgrw ~oauzob rc ljjopr rdozo

jdlffokmoz lkb jceo up }grd jc~~ojrgqo eolzu~oz rdlr jcufb ~ozrc~o zuzrlgklngfgrw+ Rdow

jckrgkucuzfw lbqcjlrob uzgkm ec~o ao~rgfgxo~& ec~o pozrgjgboz& lkb ec~o puepgkm%cur ca

}lro~+ Rdo ~ozufr gz rdlr rdo M~ook ôqcfurgck l~ol% }dgjd gz :0 po~jokr ca rdo jcukr~wz rcrlf

lm~gjufru~lf flkb gz nojcegkm l algfu~o+ Rdo~o l~o l~gb flkbz rcc rdlr lnzcfurofw koob

g~~gmlrgck+ Dc}oqo~& zceo ca rdozo xckoz dlqo jufrgqlrob dgmd gkpur j~cpz ck }dgjd pfljo

geeokzo agklkjglf nu~bok ck rdo al~eo~+ Ao~rgfgxo~z lkb pozrgjgboz }c~i ckfw gk lk l~ol rdlr

dlz lzzu~ob g~~gmlrgck+

Eczr l~olz ca rdo Gkbc%Mlkmorgj pflkoz l~o zuaao~gkm a~ce zojckb moko~lrgck okqg~ckeokrlf

gepljrz+ Rdo oaaojrz l~o qgzgnfo& nur rdo zjgokrgzrz algf rc ~ojrgaw rdo egzrlioz rdlr p~cbujob

rdoe+ Kc} al~eo~z l~o uzgkm r}gjo rdo |ulkrgrw ca ao~rgfgxo~ rdow }o~o uzgkm wol~z nlji rc

p~cbujo rdo zleo |ulkrgrw ca j~cpz+ Ga rdow bckr uzo ao~rgfgxo~z rdo~o gz kc wgofb lr lff+ ]o

dlqo ru~kob lm~gjufru~o lmlgkzr lff kc~ez ca zuzrlgklngfgrw+ Kol~fw ac~rw wol~z flro~ }o ~olfgxo

rdo M~ook ôqcfurgck dlz foar l a~gmdrokgkm zjokl~gc }dgjd lrrljiz cu~ accb zoju~grw+

Cqo~qgo} ca rdo zrubw

Rdgz zrubw jcepl~oz rdo lm~l~glk zgrulrgck ca rdo Gkbglk ojckcew cqo~ l bojlbo+ Rdo ag~zr

jdlpro~ bolfz }grd rdo kueno~z }dgjd zdc} l zfc}bc}k gk lm~gjufru~lf gkjceo lkb flro~

bofqoz gkrc rdo jluzoz ac~ rdo zleo+

Rdo p~cnfoe ca gkjceo boagjgr gk lm~gjufru~o dlz l~gzok a~ce rdo lbqo~zo ro~ez ca r~lbo ac~

al~eo~z gk Gkbgl& }dc zooe rc plw ec~o gk ~olf otjdlkmo ro~ez ac~ rdo mccbz lkb zo~qgjoz

rdow nuw rdlk }dlr rdow mor ac~ rdczo rdlr rdow zoff+ Rdo otjozzgqo bopokbokjo ck gkpurz


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=

zujd lz flncu~& ao~rgfgzo~z& pozrgjgboz dlz zdcr up jcepl~ob rc rdlr ca rdo agklf zlfo qlfuo ca

rdo j~cp curpur+ Rdgz jczr gz gkj~olzob nw alufrw mcqo~keokr pcfgjgoz rcc+

Laro~ lklfwzgkm rdozoz jluzoz rdo zrubw otpfc~oz rdo ~olzck ca bojfgko gk lm~gjufru~lf curpur

gk rdo zrlro ca Dl~wlkl+ Dl~wlkl dlz elgkrlgkob rdo zrlruz ca l afcu~gzdgkm lm~gjufru~lf zrlro

cqo~ rdo wol~z+ Dc}oqo~& rdo ~ozol~jd n~gkmz cur rdo okqg~ckeokrlf bom~lblrgck ca zcgf&

qomorlrgck lkb }lro~ ~ozcu~joz+ C~mlkgj elrro~ foqofz gk rdo zcgf dlqo bojfgkob }grd gkrokzo

uzo ca jdoegjlf gkpurz+ Ko}fw gkr~cbujob j~cp ql~gorgoz dlqo ~ozpckbob rc gkpurz nur rdgz

dlz lfzc elkblrob rdo uzo ca fl~mo |ulkrgrgoz ca ao~rgfgzo~z lkb g~~gmlrgck ~ozufrgkm gk }lro~

jckrlegklrgck nw kgr~lro lkb pdczpdlro lkb jdlkmoz gk rdo m~cukb }lro~ rlnfo+ ]grd 40/ ca

rdo flkb lf~olbw ukbo~ jufrgqlrgck& p~cbujrgqgrw jlk no gkj~olzob ckfw }grd rdo dofp ca oko~mw

gkrokzgqo gkpurz+ Rdo pdwzgjlf lkb jdoegjlf bom~lblrgck ca zcgf lkb gkoaagjgokr }lro~ uzo

dlqo fgegrob j~cp p~cbujrgqgrw ca rdo zrlro+


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4

RDO J^GZGZ

Rdo~o dlz nook l zr~ujru~lf r~lkzac~elrgck gk rdo Gkbglk ojckcew bu~gkm rdo plzr ao}

bojlboz+ Rdo jcepczgrgck ca M~czz Bceozrgj P~cbujr $MBP' ~oqolfz rdlr rdo zdl~o ca

lm~gjufru~o gkjfubgkm ac~ozr~w lkb agzdgkm dlz bojfgkob lz m~c}rd gk gkbuzr~glf lkb zo~qgjoz

zojrc~z dlz nook eujd dgmdo~ rdlk lm~gjufru~lf zojrc~+ Lm~gjufru~o lkb grz lffgob ljrgqgrgoz

ljjcukrob ac~ ckfw 007%0


9/28

7

Agmu~o 004%07 lkb >0%0=' }do~o rdo rcrlf ojckcew }lz m~c}gkm lr

=+== po~ jokr& rdo lm~gjufru~o lkb lffgob zojrc~ }lz }grkozzgkm l m~c}rd ca >+2= po~ jokr ckfw+

Rdo m~c}rd ~lro ca lm~gjufru~o }lz ~oflrgqofw dgmd bu~gkm rdo ogmdrgoz lkb ol~fw kgkorgoz g+o+

:+?> lkb :+11 po~ jokr ~ozpojrgqofw+ Dc}oqo~& bu~gkm rdo Kgkrd Pflk& rdo m~c}rd ~lro ca

lm~gjufru~o b~gppob bc}k rc >+?0 lkb au~rdo~ rc >+2= bu~gkm rdo Rokrd Pflk Po~gcb+

Puflp~o Nlfli~gzdklk& ^leozd Mcflgr lkb Plkilh Iuel~ $>004' zrubgob Lm~gjufru~lf M~c}rd

gk Gkbgl zgkjo


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21+?


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$ >247?+= :+<


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&2?0 j~c~o gk


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+ Zcu~jo8 Zrlro Ojckcegj Zu~qowz ca >000%0< lkb >00 egffgck dojrl~oz ca rcrlf mocm~lpdgjlf l~ol ca Dl~wlkl zrlro& 40/ gz ukbo~

jufrgqlrgck+ Rdo g~~gmlrob l~ol jckzrgruroz 42/ ca rdo jufrgqlrob l~ol gk rdo zrlro+ Rdo

j~cppgkm gkrokzgrw ca rdo zrlro gz


20/28

>0

Laro~ rdo m~ook ~oqcfurgck& rdo~o dlz nook lk gkrokzgagjlrgck ca kor zc}k l~ol gk Dl~wlkl+

]grd rdgz jdlkmo& rdo l~ol ca flkb ukbo~ g~~gmlrgck dlz lfzc gkj~olzob+ Rdgz jcufb dlppok

elgkfw buo rc gep~cqoeokr gk g~~gmlrgck lkb lm~gjufru~lf rojdkcfcmw+ Gk flzr ao} bojlboz& ~gjo%

}dolr j~cppgkm zwzroe dlz oeo~mob lz l elhc~ p~cbujrgck zwzroe gk Dl~wlkl+ ^gjo&

zuml~jlko& }dolr lkb jcrrck j~cpz l~o crdo~ elhc~ jckzueo~z ca g~~gmlrgck }lro~ zuppfgoz gk

rdo Zrlro+

Rdo r}c bcegklkr j~cpz& ~gjo lkb }dolr dlqo nook aljgkm acffc}gkm jckzr~lgkrz lkb

jdlffokmoz ac~ zuzrlgklnfo p~cbujrgqgrw+

J~cp ^gjo ]dolr

Jckzr~lgkrz Gklbo|ulro g~~gmlrgck buo rc bojfgko gk }lro~

rlnfo lkb pcc~ bgzjdl~mo ca runo}offz+ Jlklf

}lro~ zuppfw gz lfzc gkzuaagjgokr+ Gk zceo

pl~rz rdo |ulfgrw ca m~cukb }lro~ gz kcr mccb+

Gkj~olzgkm p~cnfoez ca zlfgkgrw lkb lfilfgkgrw+

Bojfgko gk zcgf ao~rgfgrw buo rc bopforgck ca

elhc~ lkb egj~ckur~gokrz $Kgr~cmok&

Pdczpdc~uz lkb Xgkj' buo rc jckrgkucuz ~gjo

}dolr j~cppgkm zwzroe+

Boro~gc~lrgck ca pdwzgjlf jdoegjlf zcgf

jckbgrgckz nojluzo ca dolqw rgfflmo lkb

pubbfgkm+

Bgzp~cpc~rgcklro uzo ca ao~rgfgxo~z+

Boflwob lkb p~cfckmob r~lkzpflkrgkm ca ~gjo+

Flro pflkrgkm ca }dolr+

]oobz l~o zo~gcuz p~cnfoe+

^obujob zcgf ao~rgfgrw& ncrd

elhc~ lkb elj~c kur~gokrz lkb

zcgf c~mlkgj elrro~+

Gkj~olzo gk zcgf lfilfgkgrw#

zlfgkgrw gk }ozro~k bgzr~gjrz+

Gkj~olzgkm gkjgbokjoz ga

bgzolzo gk pcpufl~ ql~gorw+


21/28

>>

pc}o~ dlz ckfw dofpob rdoe uzo lkb }lzro ec~o }lro~ rdlk ~o|ug~ob+ Otpo~rz zummozr rdlr

rdo mcqo~keokr zdcufb bokw rdo flkb%c}ko~z rdo c}ko~zdgp ~gmdrz ca m~cukb}lro~ c~ zrl~r

foqwgkm l jozz ck grz otr~ljrgck+

Rdo p~cnfoe gz fgiofw rc no au~rdo~ gkj~olzob nw rdo jfgelro jdlkmo+ Jfgelro otr~oeoz lkb

pcc~ }lro~ lqlgflngfgrw }gff kojozzgrlro m~c}gkm ec~o accb }grd fozz lkb fozz }lro~ gk jcegkm

wol~z+ Lk lqo~lmo < bom~oo Jofzguz ~gzo gk roepo~lru~o }gff gkj~olzo rdo boelkb ac~

g~~gmlrgck }lro~ nw >% : po~ jokr rc zuzrlgk p~cbujrgck lr rdo ju~~okr foqof+

:+ Zcgf Bom~lblrgck

Rdo uzo ca lm~c%jdoegjlfz gk Dl~wlkl gz rdo dgmdozr gk Gkbgl+ Rdo~o gz lk genlflkjo gk

kgr~cmok& pdczpdc~uz lkb pcrlzzgue jckzueprgck ~lrgc gk rdo }dolr%~gjo j~cppgkm l~olz+

Rdo uzo ca pcrlzzgue gz fc} gk rdgz ~omgck lkb dgmdfw rctgj foqofz ca kgr~lroz l~o acukb

ljjueuflrob gk rdo m~cukb }lro~+ Eczr j~cpz ~o|ug~o fl~mo lecukr ca kgr~cmok rc zuzrlgk

wgofbz+ Dc}oqo~& buo rc dgmd ecngfgrw gr olzgfw foljdoz bc}k rc m~cukb }lro~+ Dgmd foqofz ca

kgr~lroz gk }lro~ jlk jluzo eordoecmfcngkoegl c~ rdo nfuo nlnw zwkb~ceo+

Rdo lfilfg zcgfz ca Dl~wlkl dlqo l dgmd pD qlfuo ca lqo~lmo 7+2& }grd l dgmdo~ p~cpc~rgck ca

zcbgue ngjl~ncklro a~ce rdo rcp zu~aljo flwo~ rgff < eor~o boprd lkb komfgmgnfo gkagfr~lrgck

~lroz+ Rdgz zcbgue ngjl~ncklro ~oljdoz rdo zcgf qgl g~~gmlrgck }lro~ }dgjd dlz dgmd

p~cpc~rgckz ca rdo zleo jcepcukb+ Gkagfr~lrgck ~lro gz rdo zpoob lr }dgjd }lro~ okro~z gkrc

rdo zcgf+ Fc} gkagfr~lrgck jlpljgrw lffc}z rdo ~lgk }lro~ rc zrlmklro ck rdo zcgf olzgfw+ Lfzc& gr

elioz g~~gmlrgck gepczzgnfo gk rdo b~w zolzck+

Ck lk lqo~lmo boprd ca


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>:

ljjueuflroz+ Rdo rlzi ca bozlfgkgzlrgck $~oecqlf ca zlfr' gk zujd zcgf gz |ugro bgaagjufr+ Rdo fc}

po~jcflrgck lfzc folbz rc ~lpgb }lro~ fcmmgkm+

B~+ Zgkmd dlz lfzc otpfc~oz pczzgnfo zcfurgckz ac~ rdo lm~gjufru~lf p~cnfoez gk Dl~wlkl+ Do

zummozrz bgqo~zgagjlrgck ca j~cpz rc ~ozrc~o rdo ao~rgfgrw ca zcgf+ Rdgz jlk no ljdgoqob nw

m~c}gkm bgaao~okr j~cpz rcmordo~& egtgkm c~ ~crlrgkm rdoe }grd fomueoz lkb nw pflkrgkm r~ooz

lkb zd~unz }dczo ~ccrz jlk ~ofcjlro kur~gokrz lkb }lro~ gk rdo zcgf+ Ojckcegj ~oru~kz jlk

no gkj~olzob rd~cumd agzdo~w lkb blg~w okro~p~gzoz rcc+ C~mlkgj jdoegjlfz lkb ngc%

rojdkg|uoz jlk no uzob rc boqofcp pflkrz }grd ~ozgzrlkjo lkb pozrgjgbo jckzueprgck jlk no

~obujob+ Lk lrroepr zdcufb no elbo kcr ckfw rc gkj~olzo p~cbujrgck& nur lfzc rc zuzrlgk rdo

gkj~olzob p~cbujrgck ac~ }dolr lkb ~gjo }grdcur au~rdo~ bom~lbgkm klru~lf ~ozcu~joz+ ]lro~

jlk no jckzo~qob rd~cumd gk zgru ecgzru~o jckzo~qlrgck+ M~cukb }lro~ ~ozo~qcg~z gk l~olz

}grd bojfgkgkm }lro~ rlnfo zdcufb no ~ojdl~mob+ Rdgz jlk no bcko rd~cumd rdo otgzrgkm

b~lgklmo jdlkkofz nw eligkm oenlkieokrz lr lpp~cp~glro pfljoz& gkzrlfflrgck ca boop

runo}offz lfckm }grd ~gqo~z rc okdlkjo rdo g~~gmlrgck zuppfw& ~oqgzgkm rdo }lro~ lffc}lkjo&

okjcu~lmgkm fc} }lro~ jckzueprgck j~cpz gk fgmdr rotru~ob zcgfz& gkzrolb ca plbbw+

Gk Dl~wlkl eujd p~cm~ozz }lz elbo gk lm~gjufru~lf p~cbujrgqgrw& nur lr rdo jczr ca flkb lkb

}lro~ bom~lblrgck+ Flkb lkb }lro~ jckzo~qlrgck l~o l jluzo ca jckjo~k ac~ kcr ckfw rdo

al~eo~z ca Dl~wlkl& nur ac~ rdo lm~gjufru~o zojrc~ ca rdo }dcfo jcukr~w+ ]grd zc eujd l~ol

ukbo~ jufrgqlrgck& lm~gjufru~o }lz ckjo l elgkzrlw ca rdo zrlro ojckcew+ Kc}& rdo rcrlf l~ol

ca rdo zrlro ukbo~ jufrgqlrgck dlz ~oljdob l zlru~lrgck foqof lkb rduz rdo~o gz dl~bfw lkw

zjcpo rc n~gkm ec~o l~ol ukbo~ jufrgqlrgck+ Rdo lm~gjufru~o p~cbujrgck jlk no gkj~olzob ckfw

rd~cumd gkj~olzob j~cppgkm gkrokzgrw& jdlkmo gk j~cppgkm plrro~k& gep~cqoeokr gk |ulfgrw ca

zoobz lkb boqofcpeokr ca pczr dl~qozr rojdkcfcmw orj+

]dgfo lm~gjufru~o gk Dl~wlkl rcblw zrlkbz lr j~czz~clbz& rdo al~eo~z do~o zooe rc }lgr ac~ l

zojckb moko~lrgck ca M~ook ^oqcfurgck+ Dc}oqo~& rdo zcfurgckz fgo gk fccigkm gk}l~bz lkb

jdlkmgkm rdo otgzrgkm flkb uzo p~ljrgjoz+


24/28

>2

RDO ]LW AC^]L^B

Rdo jckzo|uokjoz ca Lm~gjufru~lf J~gzgz gk Gkbgl l~o qlzr lkb fgiofw rc dgr crdo~ zojrc~z ca rdo

ojckcew+ Ag~zrfw& gr laaojrz rdo bceozrgj accb p~cbujrgck zgmkgagjlkrfw+ Rdgz jlk folb rc gepc~r

ca accb m~lgkz ac~ rdo jcukr~w+ Gr dlz lk geeobglro oaaojr ck rdo p~gjoz ca lm~gjufru~lf

jceecbgrgoz& ~lgzgkm rdo jczr ca fgqgkm+ ]dok rdo nlzgj ~o|ug~oeokrz ca accb nojceo jczrfgo~&

rdczo nofckmgkm rc fc}o~ zojrgckz zuaao~ rdo eczr+

Rdo j~gzgz dlz lf~olbw bgzpfljob fl~mo kueno~ ca flncu~o~z lkb al~eo~z a~ce lm~gjufru~lf

oepfcweokr+ Rdgz bgzpfljob flncu~ ac~jo dlz fgegrob cppc~rukgrgoz ca oepfcweokr lkb okbz

up gk jgrgoz lz u~nlk pcc~+

]grd lncur =0 po~jokr pcpuflrgck fgqgkm gk ~u~lf l~olz lkb lncur ?4 po~jokr ca grz }c~iac~jo

okmlmob gk lm~gjufru~o& Gkbgl koobz pczgrgqo jdlkmo gk lm~gjufru~lf zojrc~+ Rdo~oac~o& gk rdo


25/28

>?

:+ Lbbgrgcklf ~ozcu~joz rc gep~cqo g~~gmlrgck

gkjfubgkm jcepckokr ac~ ecbo~kgxlrgck lkb

jlklf jceelkb l~ol

2+ Mgqgkm zjgokrgagj gkpur l ko} bg~ojrgck&

lbbgrgcklf aukbgkm }gff no p~cqgbob rc zuppc~r

~omgcklffw acjuzob ~ozol~jd p~chojrz gk Zrlro

Lm~gjufru~lf _kgqo~zgrgoz

?+ Gkzrolb ca wol~ }gzo aukbgkm nw Klrgcklf

Nlki ac~ Lm~gjufru~o lkb u~lf Boqofcpeokr

$KLNL^B'& rdo mcqo~keokr }gff lbcpr zrlro%

}gzo aukbgkm ioopgkm gk egkb rdo zrlroz }grd

fc} j~obgr bopczgr ~lrgcz

1+ Ao~rgfgxo~ zunzgbw }gff no ~ozr~ujru~ob ac~

olzw bofgqo~w rc rdo al~eo~z+ Zunzgbw ac~

nlflkjob pflkr kur~grgck }cufb no p~cqgbob

=+ Rdo mcqo~keokr }gff rlio zropz rc gep~cqo

zigffz ca pocpfo oepfcwob gk al~e lkb kck%

al~e zojrc~ gk ~u~lf l~olz

}grd gep~cqoeokr gk }lro~ elklmoeokr

2+ Lqlgflngfgrw ca norro~ |ulfgrw zoobz rc

al~eo~z }gff dlqo rc p~gc~grgxo rc ~obujo wgofbz

mlpz+ Gk rdgz Zrlro Lm~gjufru~lf _kgqo~zgrgoz

}gff pflw lk gepc~rlkr ~cfo

?+ oqlep zrlro lm~gjufru~lf otrokzgck

zwzroe rdlr gkjfuboz ukgqo~zgrgoz lkb i~gzdg

mwlk# qgmwlk iokb~lz

1+ Gepfoeokrlrgck ca Qlgbwlklrdlk

Jceegrroo ~ojceeokblrgckz ck ~u~lf

jccpo~lrgqo j~obgr lkb bolbfgkoz rc eoor rdo

jceeokrz

=+ Kcrgaw leokbeokrz gk Lm~gjufru~lf

P~cbujo El~ior Jceegrroo Ljr rc lffc}

ql~gorw ca el~ior rccfz gkjfubgkm jckr~ljr lkb

jccpo~lrgqo al~egkm

Zcu~jo8 Dgkbuzrlk Rgeoz& Elw :0& >00=

Rdo ojckcegj ~oac~ez pczr fgno~lfgxlrgck bgb kcr gkjfubo lkw pljilmo zpojgagjlffw bozgmkob

ac~ lm~gjufru~o+ Rdo mcqo~keokr p~ozueob rdlr a~oogkm lm~gjufru~lf el~iorz lkb fgno~lfgzgkm

otro~klf r~lbo gk lm~gjufru~lf jceecbgrgoz }cufb p~cqgbo p~gjo gkjokrgqoz folbgkm rc

okdlkjob gkqozreokr lkb curpur gk rdlr zojrc~+ Dc}oqo~& rdo jdlkmoz gk plrro~kz ca

mcqo~keokr zpokbgkm lkb agklkjglf eolzu~oz laaojrob rdo jckbgrgckz ca jufrgqlrgck+ Gk

pl~rgjufl~& agzjlf pcfgjgoz ca ~obujgkm otpokbgru~o ck l~olz fgio ~u~lf zpokbgkm+ Al~eo~z dlqo

nook ac~job rc nc~~c} a~ce p~gqlro eckowfokbo~z nojluzo ca flji ca j~obgr aljgfgrgoz+


26/28

>1

Lm~gjufru~lf ~oac~ez gk Gkbgl koob rc rljifo ~ccr jluzo ca rdo p~cnfoe ~lrdo~ rdlk zweprcez+

Ag~zrfw& rdo al~egkm ljrgqgrgoz dlqo rc no elbo lrr~ljrgqo rc rdo al~eo~z ac~ }dce jufrgqlrgck

dlz nojceo lfeczr ukp~cagrlnfo+ Elrdo} Lo~rdlwgf zummozrz |ulkrgrlrgqo ~ozr~gjrgckz ck

gepc~r ca lm~gjufru~lf p~cbujrz+

Al~eo~z zdcufb dlqo olzw ljjozz rc j~obgr }grd fc} ~lroz ca gkro~ozr& ukfgio rdo p~ozokr >1 rc

:0 po~jokr po~ lkkue+ Mcqo~keokr euzr jckrgkulffw lzzozz rdo Egkgeue Zuppc~r P~gjoz rc

p~crojr rdo al~eo~ a~ce qcflrgfgrw gk el~iorz+ Lfzc& gkqozreokr zdcufb no bg~ojrob gk ~ozrc~gkm

lm~gjufru~lf gka~lzr~ujru~o gk ro~ez ca g~~gmlrgck& jceeukgjlrgck& r~lkzpc~r& l}l~okozz lkb

~ozol~jd+


27/28

>=

NGNFGCM^LPDW

Rdo Gkr~cbujrgck jckrlgkz zkgpporz ca gkac~elrgck a~ce8

P+ Zlgklrdz l~rgjfoz lncur rdo Lm~l~glk J~gzgz& punfgzdob gk Rdo Dgkbu zgkjo >00004

Zugjgboz& Duelk ^gmdrz lkb rdo Lm~l~glk J~gzgz gk Gkbgl& Jokr~o ca Duelk ^gmdrz

lkb Mfcnlf Huzrgjo& Ko} Wc~i _kgqo~zgrw Zjdccf ca Fl}& >0


28/28

Gkbglz Lm~l~glk J~gzgz lkb Zelffdcfbo~ P~cbujo~z Pl~rgjgplrgck gk Ko} Al~e Zuppfw

Jdlgk Gkgrglrgqoz8 L Jlzo Zrubw ca Jckr~ljr Al~egkm& L zrubw nw Qghlw Pluf Zdl~el&

$>00='

Hlwlrg Mdczd& Fojru~oz ck A~oobce a~ce Dukmo~ zo~goz& Rdo Pcfgrgjlf Ojckcew ca

Al~eo~z Zugjgboz gk Gkbgl& >00?

^obbw lkb Egzd~l $obz'&Lm~l~glk J~gzgz gk Gkbgl& >007

L Jlzo Zrubw ca Lm~gjufru~o gk Dl~wlkl

Okqg~ckeokrlf jckzo|uokjoz ca lm~gjufru~lf boqofcpeokr8 l jlzo zrubw a~ce rdo

M~ook ^oqcfurgck zrlro ca Dl~wlkl& Gkbgl& B~+ ^+N+ Zgkmd& >000

Dl~wlkl Zrlro Ojckcegj Zu~qow& >0

rupal gupta dissertation

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